CN1045797A - 以淀粉为基料可生物降解的制品及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种成型制品含有变性淀粉、乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物和由淀粉与乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物相互之间作用的产物,其中末结合到共聚物上的淀粉是以低于1微米大小的粒子形式存在的。制品的含水量低于通常淀粉中的含水量。所述成型制品也可含有脲素,其量不高于30%重量和/或氨,其量不高于0.5%重量。制得如此制品的方法,包括挤出淀粉、乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物并可以有水、脲素和/或氨在90-150℃温度下挤出,降低水含量到低于6%重量和将最终组合物进行注模或挤压吹塑。
Description
本发明涉及以淀粉为基料的可生物降解的成型制品和薄膜,以及其制备方法。
无论是在本说明书中还是在本权利要求书中,所用的术语“形成的制品”是包括厚度大于0.2毫米的所有产品,例如盒子、普通容器、板、包装材料、棒等。
近年来,为要生产各种可生物降解的制品,曾做过若干种尝试。
毫无异议,在考虑用来制备各种制品和薄膜的各种材料中,淀粉是最期望的一种,这是由于它们是天然的产物,而且价廉并且能完全地被生物降解,又可以在自然界广泛地获得到。
在US-4,591,475中叙述了由非变性淀粉开始的注塑工艺。在此情况下,实际上由于在熔融状态下的产品粘度是由剪切应变率所决定,所以注塑工艺很不稳定,因此这种模塑工艺是严格的依赖于所要求的条件,如螺杆转速、温度、压力和/或水份含量等,所得制品的质量也欠佳。
在公开欧洲专利申请号EP-304,401中,已叙述了以变性淀粉开始的胶囊的注射工艺,但从此法所得的制品除水可溶性太高外其他机械性能也差。
也曾提出过采用淀粉与其它材料相结合的方法以便制备具有满意性能的制品。聚乙烯就是通常作为此目的所推荐的材料。也曾做过从淀粉-聚乙烯混合物开始的制备成型制品的各种尝试,但是也未得到满意的结果。事实上,此产品难于成型和易破碎,这是由于在模塑过程中湿气变为蒸汽而形成很多空泡所致。此外,所得产品的接触性能与纸一样。
US-4,133,784叙述到含有淀粉和乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物(EAA)的组合物,它适于加工成薄膜,并具有柔性、抗水性、可熔接性和可生物降解性。
所述组合物可用模铸、简单挤出或混炼等的技术方法加工成薄膜。但是,这些方法很慢并很昂贵。此外,在某一具体淀粉含量范围内,对于产品必须具有的所期望的机械性能、生物降解程度和耐紫外线稳定性等性能会造成很大的损害。
另一方面,本申请人曾作过许多尝试,即采用注塑来模塑此组合物,但没有成功,这是由于所得产品的物理机械性能很差所致。事实上,已得到在负荷下呈现低硬度和高伸长率的产品。
US-4,337,181建议,对于淀粉-EAA共聚物组合物中加入足够量的中和剂,例如氨或胺来中和EAA的全体酸基的一部分,然后对含湿量为2~10%的所得配方进行吹塑。
加入中和剂是为了克服在形成薄膜工艺中所带来的若干缺点,然而由所得产品的低硬度而带来的一些缺点则仍存在着或有所增加。
在Ind.Eng.Chem.Res.1987,26,第1659-1663页中同样提出加入脲素和/或多醇到淀粉-EAA共聚物的组合物中去,以便有利于制备和改良所得薄膜的经济性和质量。加入脲素的作用是能使淀粉的结晶结构被少量的水所破坏,这样就能从带有大约16%水份的组合物成粒而直接成膜,从而可免去在挤出工艺之前需要有一个十分复杂又带有大量水分的混合器来对淀粉-EAA共聚物的混合物进行预混合,故此加入脲素也是用来改善淀粉-EAA共聚物混合物的加工条件,然而所得产品的很差的物理-机械性能仍然没有改观。
本申请人现已发现采用注模技术方法所生产的成形制品和用挤出-吹塑方法生产的薄膜,都具有优良的物理-机械性能,例如具有高的破裂韧度、高的挠曲屈服强度和远比单独一个组分时高得多的模量,以及水不溶性能。当所述制品和薄膜含有下列互相完好地渗透的三相时才会有这样的效果:
(1).以颗粒形式存在的一种变性淀粉相,而且每一颗粒的数均直径小于1微米;
(2).乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物(EAA)相;
(3).由淀粉与乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物之间相互作用所得产物IPN(互透网)组成的相,也可以有
(4).少于6%,最好少于2%(以组合物的总重量计)的水分。
由淀粉和EAA共聚物之间的相互作用所得的产物,可作为起始产物就地转化为成形制品。
优选的乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物(EAA)具有丙烯酸含量范围为3~30%(按重量计),和未结合到EAA共聚物上的变性淀粉相,被精细地均匀地分散在混合物中,以数均直径为小于1微米的颗粒形式存在,其分散度小于3。
变性淀粉粒子的分散度取决于数均直径与平均表面直径之比。
组合物各组分的比例可由所得产品的性能要求、温度和成型工艺进行变化。总之,通常成形的制品和薄膜具有优异的物理-机械性能并不溶于水,各组分的含量为:
-总的变性淀粉量为10~90%(按重量计);
-总的EAA共聚物量为10~90%(按重量计),并且共聚物中丙烯酸的含量为3~30%(按重量计),和
-从0~6%的水。
其中游离的淀粉为总淀粉重量的40%以下,最好为20%以下,并且是以数均直径小于1微米的颗粒形式存在着的而其余的淀粉则是结合到EAA共聚物上形成所说的IPN产物。
本发明目的的成形制品和薄膜,也可以含有脲素,它是在开始混合时加入的,是用来改善其加工性能的。脲素的用量,如果有,也不要超过30%,而优选的为5~20%(按混合物的重量计)。
本发明制品中水含量一般是低于通常淀粉中的水含量。通常水含量应不超过6%(按重量计),也可以是完全无水的。
也可以在起始混合物中加入氨,以便改善组合物的制备,然后在挤出步骤或以后的干燥步骤加以除去。故此本发明的制品中通常是不含氨的,或氨含量最多不超过0.5%(以混合物的重量计)。
本发明的另一个目的是生产成型制品和薄膜的方法,该方法包括混合混合物的各组分,这些组分包括:淀粉、EAA共聚物(而淀粉/EAA共聚物的重量比为1∶9~9∶1)、水也可以有脲素和氨,在被加热到90~150℃温度范围的挤出机中,带入的水含量要低于6%(按重量计)和氨含量要低于0.5%(以重量计)。
在进一步加工组合物之前,先减少水含量的步骤构成了本发明方法的重要特征。
可以采用在挤出机中直接放空,或在挤出之后通过在70~100℃的空气流中或真空下的干燥步骤来降低水含量和可能有的氨含量。
根据本发明来制备成形制品和薄膜的优选方法是,是在挤出工序的中间脱气阶段进行降低水量的。
此外,本优选方法包括将含有淀粉和乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物(其中淀粉/共聚物的比率为1∶9~9∶1)和以淀粉组分重量计为10~25%的水分的物料输送到加热使温度达到90~150℃的挤出机中,然后将此物料进行下列工序:
-第一阶段是把输送的淀粉和共聚物进行充分地混合直到基本上成为变性的和互相渗透的。
-使之从混合步骤中输出的物料进行脱气,以使水含量降低到不大于2%(按组合物的重量计)的阶段。
-将脱气后的物料送出并在压力大于500巴下进行压缩和将此物料在温度为105~130℃之间进行挤出的阶段。
在第一混合段的上游,物料最好经过一个输送段,此处物料的温度逐渐上升到60~100℃之间,挤出机的输送区的长度通常为挤出机螺杆直径的4~20倍。
随后在优选温度为105~140℃之间的混合阶段进行混合,在此条件下,淀粉也同时被基本上变性并且也与共聚物成为互相渗透的。混合阶段的扩展间距优选为挤出机螺杆直径的4~20倍,和控制物料的剪切应变率为50~5,000秒-1。
业已知道,在本阶段内所发生的导致淀粉变性的现象,通常被解释为是由于在高于上述各组分的玻璃化转变温度和熔点温度下进行热处理的结果,使淀粉粒子的分子结构内产生紊乱所致。
脱气阶段一般包括1~4个脱气区,在这一阶段里使挤出机的机体成为负压,通常为690~700毫米汞柱。在此阶段中水量可从2%降至0.1%,最好为低于1%,脱气是采用一个或多个已知类型的水环形泵进行的。
然后将脱气后的物料再通过只由输送器或由混合器再加输送器构成的输送段,从而改善了相互的渗透作用和防止混合物失去在第一混合阶段所达到的均匀性。输送区的长度一般为挤出机螺杆直径的4~20倍。
然后熔融的物料以1∶1.5到1∶4的压缩比被压缩到大于500巴,较好的为1500巴,最好的为3000巴的压力。最后将此熔融物料最好在105~130℃下挤出成单丝或板材。
挤出的板材可采用真空技术或阳/阴模型技术进行热成型。从挤出的单丝或板能分别制成颗粒形或立方形,然后它们在较佳的温度100~140℃间用通常技术进行吹塑成薄膜或用于注塑成型。
特别要指出的是,在使淀粉变性和形成互相渗透结构的条件下并在混合段与输送-压缩段之间引进一个脱气段,可使水含量降至低于2%较好的低于1%(按重量计),从而提供一种挤出物,该挤出物特别适用于采用挤塑和吹塑的后加工。
吹塑薄膜的气泡最好是恒定的,并且形成的管膛没有粘连问题。另外薄膜的模量增高方面和它们能经受起应变和应力作用方面,都大于或等于上述US-A-4133784和US-A-4227181中所述薄膜的这方面性能。
在温度范围为130~180℃,优选130~160℃;剪切应变率为1,000~10,000秒-1之间;和时间范围为10~120秒,优选3~60秒(这要根据所需制品的厚度而定)的条件下,对最终组合物采用注塑成型法制得各种成形制品。
模塑温度和剪切率以及组合物的氨含量和水含量都是本发明方法的决定性参数,以便得到具有达到要求特性的精制的模制产品。
实际上已观察到,如果按照能得到均匀分散在基体中的变性淀粉粒子(其数均粒径为小于1微米,最好是0.1~0.5微米并且其粒子大小的分散度小于3)的条件下进行操作,那么淀粉与EAA共聚物之间按起始总淀粉量的最小60%,较好为80~100%的比例相互作用的产物就能够就地形成。
本发明的成形制品具有高的物理-机械性能,如模量高于5,000kg/cm2,良好的破裂韧性,高达300~400kg/cm2的挠曲屈服强度,以及不溶于水。此制品如浸入水中,其物理-机械性能会变差,但是能保持不变形,并且表面不会发生变化。重回到空气中于25℃下和相对湿度为50%时,此制品变为透明和较脆。
无论在本发明说明书中还是权利要求书中,所用术语“淀粉”一般是指来源于自然界或植物界的淀粉,它们基本上是由直链淀粉和/或支链淀粉组成的。它们是从各种植物中提取出来的,例如土豆、大米、木薯淀粉、玉米和谷类,如黑麦、燕麦、小麦等,其中以玉米淀粉为佳。术语“淀粉”同样也包括其酸值低于3~6的改性淀粉,如土豆淀粉用磷酸盐基团进行阳离子缔合浓缩而改性。乙氧基化淀粉、乙酸酯淀粉、阳离子淀粉、氧化淀粉、交联淀粉等,都可用于本发明的方法中。
如果使用的淀粉是来源于自然界的,因它本身所结合的水含量为10~13%(按重量计),所以无须预先干燥。如果带入的总水含量为小于大约25%最好10~15%(以干淀粉的总重量计)时,就可以加入到挤出机中的淀粉里。
在本方法EAA共聚物必须含有足够量的羧基才能与淀粉相混溶。羧基的存在也可使共聚物能分散于水中,优选的EAA共聚物是由3~30%,最好是20%(以重量计)的丙烯酸,相对应地从97~70%,最好是80%(按重量计)的乙烯混合物进行共聚而成的,淀粉/EAA共聚物的比例较好的是1∶4和4∶1之间,当然,提高淀粉含量则对所生产的薄膜的可生物降解性的提高是有利的。
业已发现,加脲素到挤出机内的物料中,对于淀粉的变性是有利的,并能使其与EAA共聚物相混溶。当加脲素时,其量不超过30%,最好为5~20%之间(以组合物总重量计)为佳。
也可以加入氨到淀粉-EAA共聚物中去,其量没有严格限制,一般是可以高达7%(30%饱和氨溶液)(以干淀粉的重量计)。加入的氨在组合物的挤出阶段或干燥阶段或中间脱气阶段完全地或部分地被除去。
最终产品的特征是实际上基本没有氨,在某些情况下残留量是很低的,并始终是低于0.5%(按重量计),最好是低于0.2%。
同样也可以将聚乙烯加到此组合物中去,这是为了改善由此得到的最终产品对紫外线的稳定性。
为了这一目的,尽管低密度聚乙烯是通常使用的一种,但是实际上任何一种类型的聚乙烯都是可以加入的。加入聚乙烯的量一般是低于混合物的40%。
其它材料,不论聚合物或是单体都可以在挤出阶段前加入到此组合物中去。例如聚乙烯醇可以各种量加入以改善成型制品的水性能、紫外线稳定剂、例如炭黑可以加入来改善制品在日光下的稳定性,如果制品要求有阻燃性能时,可加入阻燃剂。其他的添加剂包括通用的添加剂,一般是与以淀粉为基料的模塑组合物相配合,例如杀菌剂、除草剂、抗氧剂、肥料、遮光剂、稳定剂、增塑剂等。所有这些添加剂都可按一般用量使用,而且这些量对于本领域的技术人员是熟知的或可以较容易地通过常规试验而确定,它们的量可以高达最终组合物重量的20%。
下面的例子是作为对本发明的更好的说明。
在例子中所有的百分数除有其它规定外,都以百分重量计。
例1
由下列组分所制备的组合物:
-37%(按重量计)的淀粉Globe 3401 Cerestar,其含水量为11%;
-37%(按重量计)的EAA共聚物5981(道化学生产,含丙烯酸量为20%);
-6.8%重量的NH4OH(浓度为30%的);
-6.8%重量的水;和
-12.4%重量的脲素。
将产物预混合,然后用Licoarbo比例分配装置DC-10加入到Baker Perkins挤出机MPC/V-30中。该挤出机具有分成两个区间的双螺杆组件。此螺杆的直径为30毫米,并且以螺杆的长/直径之比(L/D)为10∶1,此组件与一个单螺杆挤出机的压力机相连接,它具有一个毛细管头和一个直径为38毫米,L/D为8∶1并分成三个区间。此毛细管头的直径为4.5毫米。
操作温度在此双螺杆组件的两个区间为80℃,而在单螺杆挤压机的三个区间中的温度则分别为120℃、100℃、和130℃。
其操作条件如下:
-双螺杆挤出机转速 250 r.p.m.
-单螺杆挤出机转速 110 r.p.m.
-机体内压力 <40个大气压
挤出产品先空气冷却,然后用OMC造粒机造粒。在注模前将最终混合物于真空下100℃干燥4小时,干燥后此混合物的含水量为0.3%,氨含量低于0.1%重量。
干燥后的混合物用SANDRETTO挤压机57/60(带有两根对称地放在待成型制品的底部的毛细管)进行注射成型。
其操作条件如下:
-注射温度: 155℃、165℃、180℃
-模塑温度: 25℃
-剪切应变率(秒-1): 从2,000到6,000秒-1
-总注射时间: 15秒
-总循环周期时间: 45秒
-保持压力: 400巴
这样所得到的样品是一种盒状形体,并且是一种垂直截头的角锥几何形体,其尺寸是细底座为60×60毫米,大底座为67×67毫米,高为60毫米和厚度为3毫米。
所得产品的元素组成如下:
C=56.70%
H=9.55%
N=6.6%
红外光谱(IR)没有显示出有铵盐,即说明没有氨。
未结合到EAA共聚物上的变性淀粉的粒子的大小用透射电子显微镜(菲利普斯EM300)对用超薄切片机(NoVa LKB)切制的少量产品切片进行分析测量的。
用放大6000~10,000倍的显微镜对样品不同点的颗粒大小进行测定,以获得粒子的数均直径和平均表面直径。
在所制得的产物中,未结合的淀粉粒子的数均直径为0.44微米,平均表面直径与数均直径的比率是用来衡量粒子的分散情况的,在所得的产品中,上述比率为1.44。
柔软性能是根据ASTM D 790标准来测定的,其结果如下:
杨氏模量 7.000kg/cm2
屈服强度 310kg/cm2
屈服应变 11%
将样品放入温度为20℃的水中20天,然后于室温下放置一个月,相对湿度约为50%
此样品的百分分析如下:
C=57.75M
H=9.8%
N=2.45%
非结合的淀粉粒子的数均直径为0.36微米和粒度分布为1.58。
根据ASTM D 790标准的柔软性能的测量结果如下:
-杨氏模量 5,000kg/cm2
-屈服强度 230kg/cm2
-屈服应变 13%
例2:
螺杆直径为50毫米,螺杆的长/径之比为36的双螺杆挤出机中加入下述组合物:
4.0kg的事先未经干燥的淀粉GLOBE03401 Cerestar
1.2kg的脲素
4.0kg的道化学生产的含有20%丙烯酸的共聚物EAA5981
0.6升水
挤压机包括如下区段:
输送区: 4倍于直径
第一混合区 20倍于直径
脱气区:连接到压力接近690mm汞柱的真空段
带有混合部件的输送区: 11倍于直径
压缩比为1∶2的压缩段。
设定的温度对于输送区来说,是60~80℃之间,对于以后的区段来说,则是90~130℃之间。是在螺杆转速为为100~250 r.p.m,压头压力为40个大气压(4000巴)下进行试验的。
熔融物料的挤出温度为120℃,含水量接近0.7%
对于为单丝形式的挤出物料,要先进行造粒,然后将粒子加入到直径为19毫米,L/D为25的HAAKE挤出机中,该机装备有吹塑薄膜的机头。挤出和吹塑工艺的螺杆转速从30~65r.p.m,压缩比为1∶2。
试验张力的长方形试片,是根据ASTM882并从薄膜上取下的,其厚度接近于100微米。
试验片是在23±1℃温度和55±5%相对湿度的条件下放置24小时进行试验的。
机械强度的试验结果如下(平均值)
杨氏模量: 200kg/cm2
破裂应变: 150%
破裂应力: 150kg/cm2
在所有的试验中,在吹塑时所成的管子没有粘连问题,鼓泡是稳定不变的。
将同样的组合物按上述方法进行试验,但是包括将6.0升30%的氨液加入到双螺杆挤压机中,可以得到相似的结果
例3:
按例2方法制备的粒状物料加入到直径为35毫米,L/D为20的挤出机中,该机装备有扁平的机头以及带有中间水冷却(Cirrol)的压辊。
薄膜生产工艺的螺杆转速为40r.p.m,温度为110~130℃,压缩比为1∶2。
Cirrol(中间水冷却)的温度大约15℃。
通过改变收集速度,就可能生产出厚度为20~299微米的薄膜。薄膜的张力特性是按ASTM标准882进行试验的:
挤出方向处 垂直于挤出的
方向处
杨氏模量: 2200kg/cm21500kg/cm2
破裂应变: 200% 120%
破裂应力: 140kg/cm2115kg/cm2
例4:
按例1制备的粒子加入到有下列规格的挤出机中:
-直径为50毫米
-L/D为20
-扁平机头大约为70厘米宽
扁平型机头,对于PP和PE还具有一个扭力杆,用来保证熔融物料在各点的输出速度都是均匀的。
挤出0.8毫米厚板的条件如下:
-通过挤出机的温度为140℃
-螺杆转速为60r.p.m
-机头孔隙:1毫米
在带有三个水冷辊底座的压延机上收集板材。
将板加热到80℃以后,如此得到的板在大小为20厘米×15厘米并有阳/阴槽的机头上被成形。
所得的槽表明有均匀的厚度。
Claims (23)
1、一种以淀粉为基料不溶于水的制品,包括:
(1)一种由以数均直径小于1微米的粒子形式存在的变性淀粉组成的相;
(2)一种由乙烯一丙烯酸共聚物(EAA)组成的相;
(3)一种由淀粉和乙烯一丙烯酸共聚物之间相互作用形成的IPN(渗透网络)所组成的相,也可以有
(4)小于6%(以三相总重量计)的水含量。
2、根据权利要求1的一种以淀粉为基料的制品,其中所说的乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物中丙烯酸的含量为3~30%(重量计的),并且未结合到乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物上的变性淀粉相,被细微而均匀地分散在以数均直径小于1微米的粒状形式存在的混合物中,其粒子的分散度小于3
3、根据权利要求1的以淀粉为基料的制品包括:
-10~90(重量)%的乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物(共聚物中丙烯酸的含量为3~30(重量)%),和
-小于2%(按重量计)的水;
其中小于40%,最好小于20(重量)%的淀粉是游离的,并且是以数均直径小于1微米的颗粒形式存在的,而其余的淀粉则结合到乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物上形成所谓的相互作用的产物。
4、根据权利要求3的一种以淀粉为基料的制品,其中淀粉总量的80~100%是结合到乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物上的。
5、根据权利要求2或3的一种以淀粉为基料的制品,其中粒子的数均直径为0.1~0.5微米(如果是颗粒状时)。
6、根据权利要求1的一种以淀粉为基料的制品,其中的乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物中的丙烯酸含量为20(重量)%。
7、根据权利要求1,上述的各项权利要求的一种以淀粉为基料的制品,其中水分含量为0~2%(以混合物重量计)。
8、根据权利要求1的一种以淀粉为基料的制品,另外含有的脲素量不超过30%(以混合物重量计)。
9、根据权利要求1的一种以淀粉为基料的制品,另外含有的氨量不超过0.5%(以混合物重量计)。
10、根据权利要求1的一种以淀粉为基料的制品,含有聚乙烯、聚乙烯醇和/或其它添加剂,如抗氧化剂、稳定剂、阻燃剂、肥料、遮光剂、增塑剂。
11、一种以淀粉为基料的制品的制备方法包括:
-按淀粉/共聚物的重量比为1∶9~9∶1的比率进行混合,加入水,也可以加入脲素和/或氨,在挤出机中加热到温度为90~150℃,和
-带入的水量低于6(重量)%,和氨量,如果有的话,其值低于0.5%(按重量计)。
12、根据权利要求11的方法包括,将淀粉/共聚之比为1∶9~9∶1的淀粉和EAA共聚物的混合物料加入到加热的挤出机中,再加入10~25%(按淀粉总重量计)的水,然后将挤出机的温度加热到90~150℃之间,随后将物料输送到下面工序:
-第一混合段,在此阶级中,送入的淀粉应充分地与共聚物混合,直到基本上是变性的和相互渗透的;
-从混合段出来的物料进入脱气段,以使水含量降低到不大于组合物的2%(按重量计);
-脱气的物料被输送和压缩的阶段。使压力达到500巴以上,然后物料在105~130℃的温度下进行挤出。
13、根据权利要求12的方法,包括温度范围为60到100℃之间的第一输送段,该段位于第一混合段的最近上游处。
14、根据权利要求11或12的方法,其中将物料加入到挤出机时,在第一和第二混合阶段里其剪切应变率为50~5000秒-1之间。
15、根据权利要求12的方法,其中第一混合阶段的扩展间距为挤出机螺杆直径的4~20倍。
16、根据权利要求12的方法,其中脱气后的物料的输送阶段的扩展间距为挤出机螺杆直径的4~20倍,并包括混合部件以防止发生分离现象。
17、根据权利要求12的方法,其中在压缩段里使用的压缩比为1∶1.5~1∶4。
18、根据权利要求12的方法,其中淀粉原料是从未改性淀粉、改性淀粉、直链淀粉和支链淀粉中选取的。
19、根据权利要求12的方法,其中加入到挤出机中的原料包括氨量高达7%(以干淀粉总重量计),和在脱气阶段中氨的含量被降低到不大于0.2%(以挤出组合物的重量计)。
20、根据权利要求11的方法,其中加入到挤出机中的原料包括高达30重量%的脲素,较好的是5~20%(以组合物重量计)。
21、根据权利要求11的任意一种方法,其中加到挤出机中的淀粉和共聚物的比例为1∶4~4∶1。
22、根据权利要求12的方法,其中加入到挤出机中的原料含水量为10~15%(以干淀粉组分的重量计)。
23、根据权利要求11或12的方法,对于模制品的生产,其中挤出组合物的水含量小于6%(按重量计)时被注塑成型,其温度范围为130~180℃,剪切应变率为1000~10000秒-1和时间范围为10到120秒(根据制品的厚度而定)。
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IT41002-A/89 | 1989-03-09 | ||
IT8941002A IT1235543B (it) | 1989-03-09 | 1989-03-09 | Articoli formati a base di amido e processo per ottenerli |
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EP (1) | EP0413798B1 (zh) |
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CN (1) | CN1038422C (zh) |
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JPH0725941B2 (ja) * | 1989-07-18 | 1995-03-22 | ワーナー・ランバート・カンパニー | 変性澱粉を含有する、ポリマーをベースとするブレンド組成物 |
IL95043A0 (en) * | 1989-07-18 | 1991-06-10 | Warner Lambert Co | Polymer base blend compositions containing destructurized starch |
PL286052A1 (en) * | 1989-07-20 | 1991-03-11 | Warner Lambert Co | Polymer mixture, method for manufacturing a thermoplastic product and a method for manufacturing a thrmoplastic alloy |
NZ234496A (en) * | 1989-07-20 | 1991-08-27 | Warner Lambert Co | A composition comprising destructurised starch and a polymer containing carboxylic acid groups as the only functional groups |
-
1990
- 1990-03-02 IL IL93620A patent/IL93620A0/xx unknown
- 1990-03-07 GR GR900100160A patent/GR1000578B/el not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-03-08 ES ES90904276T patent/ES2081975T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-03-08 HU HU902344A patent/HUT56384A/hu unknown
- 1990-03-08 AU AU51785/90A patent/AU628495B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-03-08 DE DE69024132T patent/DE69024132T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-03-08 CA CA002028130A patent/CA2028130C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-03-08 WO PCT/EP1990/000375 patent/WO1990010671A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1990-03-08 DK DK90904276.4T patent/DK0413798T3/da active
- 1990-03-08 KR KR1019900702386A patent/KR0169087B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-03-08 CN CN90102132A patent/CN1038422C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-03-08 JP JP2504196A patent/JP2925728B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-03-08 EP EP90904276A patent/EP0413798B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-03-08 AT AT90904276T patent/ATE131505T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-03-08 BR BR909004768A patent/BR9004768A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-03-08 US US07/613,506 patent/US5262458A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-03-08 DD DD90338507A patent/DD299280A5/de unknown
- 1990-11-07 FI FI905511A patent/FI102288B/fi active IP Right Grant
- 1990-11-09 NO NO904880A patent/NO180781C/no unknown
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN1037515C (zh) * | 1993-08-24 | 1998-02-25 | 北京市星辰现代控制工程研究所 | 一种可生物降解的含淀粉的高分子组合物及其制备方法 |
CN108811993A (zh) * | 2018-07-10 | 2018-11-16 | 成都工业学院 | 地膜及其制备方法和用途 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR9004768A (pt) | 1991-07-30 |
KR0169087B1 (ko) | 1999-03-20 |
ATE131505T1 (de) | 1995-12-15 |
EP0413798B1 (en) | 1995-12-13 |
FI102288B1 (fi) | 1998-11-13 |
WO1990010671A1 (en) | 1990-09-20 |
AU628495B2 (en) | 1992-09-17 |
JPH03505232A (ja) | 1991-11-14 |
NO904880D0 (no) | 1990-11-09 |
CN1038422C (zh) | 1998-05-20 |
CA2028130C (en) | 2002-02-19 |
US5262458A (en) | 1993-11-16 |
NO904880L (no) | 1990-11-09 |
FI102288B (fi) | 1998-11-13 |
DD299280A5 (de) | 1992-04-09 |
NO180781C (no) | 1997-06-18 |
FI905511A0 (fi) | 1990-11-07 |
KR920700257A (ko) | 1992-02-19 |
AU5178590A (en) | 1990-10-09 |
DE69024132D1 (de) | 1996-01-25 |
HU902344D0 (en) | 1991-05-28 |
GR900100160A (en) | 1990-07-31 |
DE69024132T2 (de) | 1996-08-01 |
JP2925728B2 (ja) | 1999-07-28 |
CA2028130A1 (en) | 1990-09-10 |
HUT56384A (en) | 1991-08-28 |
GR1000578B (el) | 1992-08-26 |
DK0413798T3 (da) | 1996-01-22 |
NO180781B (no) | 1997-03-10 |
EP0413798A1 (en) | 1991-02-27 |
IL93620A0 (en) | 1990-12-23 |
ES2081975T3 (es) | 1996-03-16 |
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