CN102630683A - 含氟嘧菌酯的杀菌活性组分结合物 - Google Patents
含氟嘧菌酯的杀菌活性组分结合物 Download PDFInfo
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/88—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms six-membered rings with three ring hetero atoms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof
- A01N37/32—Cyclic imides of polybasic carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
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- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
- A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
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- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
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- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及活性组分结合物,该结合物由已知的组分氟嘧菌酯和其它已知的杀菌活性组分组成,且对于防治不想要的植物致病真菌极为有效。
Description
本申请是2005年10月11日提交的名称为“含氟嘧菌酯的杀菌活性组分结合物”的发明专利申请200580034953.9的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及活性化合物结合物(combination),其首先包括已知的氟嘧菌酯(fluoxastrobin),其次还包括已知的杀菌活性化合物,该结合物非常适合防治不想要的植物致病真菌。
背景技术
已知式(I)的化合物(氟嘧菌酯)具有杀菌特性(WO 97/27189)。
此外已知多种三唑衍生物、苯胺衍生物、二甲酰亚胺及其它杂环类化合物可用于防治真菌(参见EP-A 0 040 345,DE-A 22 01 063,DE-A 23 24 010,杀虫剂手册(Pesticide Manual),第九版(1991),249和827页,EP-A 0 382 375及EP-A 0 515 901)。然而,在施用率低时,这些化合物的活性并非总是足够。
而且已知1-(3,5-二甲基异噁唑-4-磺酰基)-2-氯-6,6-二氟-[1,3]-二氧戊环并-[4,5f]-苯并咪唑具有杀菌特性(参见WO97/06171)。
最后,也已知取代的卤代嘧啶具有杀菌特性(参见DE-A1-196 46407,EP-B-712 396)。
发明内容
目前我们已发现具有非常好的杀菌特性的新活性化合物结合物,其包括氟嘧菌酯(组1)和至少一种选自以下组(2)至(15)的活性化合物:
组(2)三唑类杀菌剂:
(2-1)下式的氧环唑(azaconazole)(已知于DE-A 25 51 560)
(2-2)下式的乙环唑(etaconazole)(已知于DE-A 25 51 560)
(2-3)下式的苯醚甲环唑(difenoconazole)(已知于EP-A 0 112284)
(2-4)下式的糠菌唑(bromuconazole)(已知于EP-A 0 258 161)
(2-5)下式的环丙唑醇(cyproconazole)(已知于DE-A 34 06 993)
(2-6)下式的己唑醇(hexaconazole)(已知于DE-A 30 42 303)
(2-7)下式的戊菌唑(penconazole)(已知于DE-A 27 35 872)
(2-8)下式的腈菌唑(myclobutanil)(已知于EP-A 0 145 294)
(2-9)下式的四氟醚唑(tetraconazole)(已知于EP-A 0 234 242)
(2-10)下式的粉唑醇(flutriafol)(已知于EP-A 0 015 756)
(2-11)下式的氟硅唑(flusilazole)(已知于EP-A 0 068 813)
(2-12)下式的硅氟唑(simeconazole)(已知于EP-A 0 537 957)
(2-13)下式的腈苯唑(fenbuconazole)(已知于DE-A 37 21 786)
(2-14)下式的种菌唑(ipconazole)(已知于EP-A 0 329 397)
(2-15)下式的灭菌唑(triticonazole)(已知于EP-A 0 378 953)
(2-16)下式的喹唑(quinconazole)(已知于EP-A 0 183 458)
组(3)甲酰胺类:
(3-1)下式的啶酰菌胺(boscalid)(已知于DE-A 195 31 813)
(3-2)下式的呋吡菌胺(furametpyr)(已知于EP-A 0 315 502)
(3-3)下式的picobenzamid(已知于WO 99/42447)
(3-4)下式的苯酰菌胺(zoxamide)(已知于EP-A 0 604 019)
(3-5)下式的萎锈灵(carboxin)(已知于US 3,249,499)
(3-6)下式的噻酰菌胺(tiadinil)(已知于US 6,616,054)
(3-7)下式的吡噻菌胺(penthiopyrad)(已知于EP-A 0 737 682)
(3-8)下式的硅噻菌胺(silthiofam)(已知于WO 96/18631)
组(4)二硫代氨基甲酸盐类:
(4-1)下式的代森锰(maneb)(已知于US 2,504,404)
(4-2)代森联(metiram)(已知于DE-A 10 76 434),IUPAC名称为亚乙基双(二硫代氨基甲酸盐)氨合锌-聚(亚乙基秋兰姆二硫化物)。
(4-3)下式的福美双(thiram)(已知于US 1,972,961)
(4-4)下式的代森锌(zineb)(已知于DE-A 10 81 446)
(4-5)下式的福美锌(ziram)(已知于US 2,588,428)
组(5)酰基叔胺(acylalamine)类:
(5-1)下式的苯霜灵(benalaxyl)(已知于DE-A 29 03 612)
(5-2)下式的呋霜灵(furalaxyl)(已知于DE-A 25 13 732)
(5-3)下式的高效甲霜灵(metalaxyl-M)(已知于WO 96/01559)
(5-4)下式的高效苯霜灵(benalaxyl-M)
组(6)苯并咪唑类:
(6-1)下式的苯菌灵(benomyl)(已知于US 3,631,176)
(6-2)下式的多菌灵(carbendazim)(已知于US 3,010,968)
(6-3)下式的chlorfenazole
(6-4)下式的麦穗宁(fuberidazole)(已知于DE-A 12 09 799)
(6-5)下式的噻菌灵(thiabendazole)(已知于US 3,206,468)
组(7)氨基甲酸酯类:
(7-1)下式的霜霉威(propamocarb)(已知于US 3,513,241)
(7-2)下式的霜霉威盐酸化物(propamocarb hydrochloride)(已知于US 3,513,241)
(7-3)下式的霜霉威-乙膦酸(propamocarb-fosetyl)
组(8)二甲酰亚胺类:
(8-1)下式的敌菌丹(captafol)(已知于US 3,178,447)
(8-2)下式的腐霉利(procymidone)(已知于DE-A 20 12 656)
(8-3)下式的乙烯菌核利(vinclozolin)(已知于DE-A 22 07 576)
组(9)胍类:
(9-1)下式的多果定(dodine)(已知于GB 11 03 989)
(9-2)双胍盐(guazatine)(已知于GB11 14 155)
(9-3)下式的双胍辛胺乙酸盐(iminoctadine triacetate)(已知于EP-A 0 155 509)
组(10)咪唑类:
(10-1)下式的氰霜唑(cyazofamid)(已知于EP-A 0 298 196)
(10-2)下式的咪鲜胺(prochloraz)(已知于DE-A 24 29 523)
(10-3)下式的咪唑嗪(triazoxide)(已知于DE-A 28 02 488)
(10-4)下式的稻瘟酯(pefurazoate)(已知于EP-A 0 248 086)
组(11)吗啉类:
(11-1)下式的aldimorph(已知于DD 140 041)
(11-2)下式的十三吗啉(tridemorph)(已知于GB 988 630)
(11-3)下式的吗菌灵(dodemorph)(已知于DE-A 25 432 79)
(11-4)下式的丁苯吗啉(fenpropimorph)(已知于DE-A 26 56 747)
组(12)吡咯类:
(12-1)下式的硝吡咯菌素(pyrrolnitrine)(已知于JP65-25876)
组(13)其它杀菌剂:
(13-1)下式的敌瘟磷(edifenphos)(已知于DE-A 14 93 736)
(13-2)氯氧化铜(copper oxychloride)
(13-3)下式的恶霜灵(oxadixyl)(已知于DE-A 30 30 026)
(13-4)下式的二氰蒽醌(dithianon)(已知于JP-A 44-29464)
(13-5)下式的苯菌酮(metrafenone)(已知于EP-A 0 897 904)
(13-6)下式的咪唑菌酮(fenamidone)(已知于EP-A 0 629 616)
(13-7)下式的2,3-二丁基-6-氯噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4(3H)酮(已知于WO 99/14202)
(13-8)下式的烯丙苯噻唑(probenazole)(已知于US 3,629,428)
(13-9)下式的稻瘟灵(isoprothiolane)(已知于US 3,856,814)
(13-10)下式的春雷霉素(kasugamycin)(已知于GB 1 094 567)
(13-11)下式的四氯苯酞(phthalide)(已知于JP-A 57-55844)
(13-12)下式的嘧菌腙(ferimzone)(已知于EP-A 0 019 450)
(13-13)下式的三环唑(tricyclazole)(已知于DE-A 22 50 077)
(13-14)下式的N-({4-[环丙氨基)羰基]苯基}磺酰基)-2-甲氧基苯甲酰胺
组(14)(硫代)脲衍生物类:
(14-1)下式的甲基硫菌灵(thiophanate-methyl)(已知于DE-A18 06 123)
(14-2)下式的乙基硫菌灵(thiophanate-ethyl)(已知于DE-A18 06 123)
以及
组(15)酰胺类:
(15-1)下式的氰菌胺(fenoxanil)(已知于EP-A 0 262 393)
(15-2)下式的dicylcomat(已知于JP-A 7-206608)
除式(I)的活性化合物之外,本发明的活性化合物结合物还包括至少一种选自组(2)至(15)中化合物的活性化合物。另外也可包括其它的杀菌活性混合组分。
具体实施方式
如果本发明的活性化合物结合物中的活性化合物以某些重量比存在,则协同效应非常显著。但活性化合物结合物中的重量比可以在相当大的范围内变化。一般而言,本发明的结合物包括下表1中举例列出的混合比的式(I)活性化合物和选自组(2)至(15)之一的混合组分。
该混合比基于重量比,其含义应当理解为式(I)活性化合物:混合组分。
表1混合比
每种情况下,有利地将混合比选择为能够获得具有协同效应的混合物。式(I)化合物与选自组(2)至(15)之一的化合物的混合比也可随组内个别的化合物而变。
另外,本发明的活性化合物还具有非常好的杀菌性能,可用于防制植物致病真菌,所述真菌例如根肿菌(Plasmodiophoromycetes)、卵菌(Oomycetes)、壶菌(Chytridiomycetes)、接合菌(Zygomycetes)、子囊菌(Ascomycetes)、担子菌(Basidiomycetes)及半知菌(Deuteromycetes)等。
作为实例可以非限制的方式提出以下归入上述属名的一些导致真菌病害和细菌病害的病原体:
黄单胞菌属(Xanthomonas)菌种,例如水稻白叶枯病菌(Xanthomonas campestris pv.oryzae);
假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)菌种,例如丁香假单胞菌(pseudomonassyringae pv.lachrymans);
欧文氏菌属(Erwinia)菌种,例如梨火疫菌(Erwinia amylovora);
由白粉病病原体引起的病害,所述病原体例如
布氏白粉菌属(Blumeria)菌种,例如禾本科布氏白粉菌(Blumeriagraminis);
叉丝单囊壳属(Podosphaera)菌种,例如白叉丝单囊壳(Podosphaera leucotricha);
单囊壳属(Sphaerotheca)菌种,例如凤仙花单囊壳(Sphaerothecafuliginea);
钩丝壳属(Uncinula)菌种,例如葡萄钩丝壳(Uncinula necator);
由锈病病原体引起的病害,所述病原体例如
胶锈菌属(Gymnosporangium)菌种,例如Gymnosporangiumsabinae;
驼孢锈属(Hemileia)菌种,例如咖啡驼孢锈菌(Hemileiavastatrix);
层锈菌(Phakopsora)菌种,例如豆薯层锈菌(Phakopsorapachyrhizi)和山马蝗层菌(Phakopsora meibomiae);
柄锈菌(Puccinia)菌种,例如隐匿柄锈菌(Puccinia recondita);
单胞锈菌属(Uromyces)菌种,例如疣顶单胞锈菌(Uromycesappendiculatus);
由卵菌纲类病原体引起的病害,所述病原体例如
盘霜霉(Bremia)菌种,例如莴苣盘霜霉(Bremia lactucae);
霜霉(Peronospora)菌种,例如豌豆霜霉(Peronospora pisi)或十字花科霜霉(P.brassicae);
疫霉(Phytophthora)菌种,例如致病疫霉(Phytophthorainfestans);
轴霜霉(Plasmopara)菌种,例如葡萄生轴霜霉(Plasmoparaviticola);
假霜霉(Pseudoperonospora)菌种,例如草假霜霉(Pseudoperonospora humuli)或古巴假霜霉(Pseudoperonosporacubensis);
腐霉(Pythium)菌种,例如终极腐霉(Pythium ultimum);
由例如以下病原体引起的叶斑枯病和叶萎蔫病病害,
链格孢属(Alternaria)菌种,例如早疫病链格孢(Alternariasolani);
尾孢属(Cercospora)菌种,例如菾菜生尾孢(Cercosporabeticola);
Cladiosporum菌种,例如Cladiosporium cucumerinum;
旋孢腔菌属(Cochliobolus)菌种,例如禾旋孢腔菌(Cochliobolussativus)(分生孢子形式:Drechslera,Syn:Helminthosporium);
炭疽菌属(Colletotrichum)菌种,例如Colletotrichumlindemuthanium;
Cycloconium菌种,例如Cycloconium oleaginum;
间座壳属(Diaporthe)菌种,例如柑桔间座壳(Diaporthe citri);
痂囊腔菌属(Elsinoe)菌种,例如柑桔痂囊腔菌(Elsinoefawcettii);
盘长孢属(Gloeosporium)菌种,例如悦色盘长孢(Gloeosporiumlaeticolor);
小丛壳属(Glomerella)菌种,例如围小丛壳(Glomerellacingulata);
球座菌属(Guignardia)菌种,例如葡萄球座菌(Guignardiabidwelli);
小球腔菌属(Leptosphaeria)菌种,例如Leptosphaeriamaculans;
Magnaporthe菌种,例如Magnaporthe grisa;
球腔菌属(Mycosphaerella)菌种,例如禾生球腔菌(Mycosphaerelle graminicola);
Phaeosphaeria菌种,例如Phaeosphaeria nodorum;
核腔菌属(Pyrenophora)菌种,例如圆核腔菌(Pyrenophorateres);
柱隔孢属(Ramularia)菌种,例如Ramularia collo-cygni;
喙孢属(Rhynchosporium)菌种,例如黑麦喙孢(Rhynchosporiumsecalis);
针孢属(Septoria)菌种,例如芹菜小壳针孢(Septoria apii);
核瑚菌属(Typhula)菌种,例如肉孢核瑚菌(Typhula incarnata);
黑星菌属(Venturia)菌种,例如苹果黑星病菌(Venturiainaequalis);
由例如以下病原体引起的根和茎病害,
Corticium菌种,例如Corticium graminearum;
镰孢属(Fusarium)菌种,例如尖镰孢(Fusarium oxysporum);
Gaeumannomyces菌种,例如Gaeumannomyces graminis;
丝核菌属(Rhizoctonia)菌种,例如立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctoniasolani)。
Tapesia菌种,例如Tapesia acuformis;
根串珠霉属(Thielaviopsis)菌种,例如根串珠霉(Thielaviopsisbasicola);
由例如以下病原体引起的肉穗花序和散穗花序(包括玉米穗)病害,
链格孢属菌种,例如链格孢属种(Alternaria spp.);
曲霉属(Aspergillus)菌种,例如黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus);
Cladosporium菌种,例如Cladosporium spp.;
麦角菌属(Claviceps)菌种,例如麦角菌(Claviceps purpurea);
镰孢属菌种,例如黄色镰孢(Fusarium culmorum);
赤霉属(Gibberella)菌种,例如玉蜀黍赤霉(Gibberella zeae);
Monographella菌种,例如Monographella nivalis;
由黑粉菌引起的病害,所述黑粉菌例如
Sphacelotheca菌种,例如Sphacelotheca reiliana;
腥黑粉菌属(Tilletia)菌种,例如小麦网腥黑粉菌(Tilletiacaries);
条黑粉菌属(Urocystis)菌种,例如隐条黑粉菌(Urocystisocculta);
黑粉菌(Ustilago)菌种,例如裸黑粉菌(Ustilago nuda);
由例如以下病原体引起的果实腐烂,
曲霉属菌种,例如黄曲霉;
葡萄孢属(Botrytis)菌种,例如灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea);
青霉属(Penicillium)菌种,例如扩展青霉(Penicilliumexpansum);
核盘菌属(Sclerotinia)菌种,例如核盘菌(Sclerotiniasclerotiorum);
Verticilium菌种,例如Verticilium alboatrum;
由例如以下病原体引起的种传的和土传的腐烂和萎蔫病害以及幼苗病害,
镰孢属菌种,例如黄色镰孢;
疫霉菌种,例如恶疫霉(Phytophthora cactorum);
腐霉菌种,例如终极腐霉;
丝核菌属菌种,例如立枯丝核菌;
小菌核属(Sclerotium)菌种,例如齐整小核菌(Sclerotiumrolfsii);
由例如以下病原体引起的癌性病害、菌瘿和扫帚病,
Nectria菌种,例如Nectria galligena;
由例如以下病原体引起的萎蔫病害,
链核盘菌属(Monilinia)菌种,例如核果链核盘菌(Monilinialaxa);
由例如以下病原体引起的叶、花和果实的畸形,
外囊菌属(Taphrina)菌种,例如桃外囊菌(Taphrina deformans);
由例如以下病原体引起的木本植物的退化病害,
Esca菌种,例如Phaemoniella clamydospora;
由例如以下病原体引起的花和种子的病害,
葡萄孢属菌种,例如灰葡萄孢;
由例如以下病原体引起的植物块茎病害,
丝核菌属菌种,例如立枯丝核菌。
该活性化合物结合物在防治植物病害所需的浓度下具有良好的植物耐受性,这就使得可对整个植株(植物的地上部分及根)、繁殖株(propagation stock)和种子、以及土壤进行处理。本发明的活性化合物结合物可用于叶面施用,或可用作拌种剂。
该结合物在防治植物病害所需的浓度下具有良好的植物耐受性,这就使得可对种子进行处理。因而,本发明的活性化合物可用作拌种剂。
大部分由植物致病真菌引起的对作物的损害,早在种子储存期间、将种子置入土壤后,在植物发芽过程中及发芽后的很短时间内受到侵袭时就发生了。这一时期是特别关键的,因为生长过程中的植物的根和芽特别敏感,即使是较小的损害也会导致整株植物的死亡。因此,通过采用适合的结合物来保护种子和发芽中的植物,具有特别重大的意义。
对损害出苗后植物的植物致病真菌的防治,主要通过使用作物保护剂处理土壤和植物的地上部分来实现。出于对于作物保护剂对环境及人和动物健康的可能的影响的顾忌,正在努力减少活性化合物的施用量。
很长时间以来就已知可通过处理植物的种子来防治植物致病真菌,这一主题得以持续的改进。然而,种子处理常常会涉及一系列不能总是以令人满意的方式解决的问题。因此,需要开发出一种保护种子及发芽中的植物的方法,能够无需在播种后或植物出苗后另外施用作物保护剂或至少减少另外施用。此外,还需要优化活性化合物的用量,从而使得能够提供对种子及发芽中的植物的最大保护使其免受植物致病真菌的侵袭,但同时所使用的活性化合物又不会损害植物本身。特别地,处理种子的方法还应当考虑到转基因植物固有的杀菌特性,以便采用最少量的作物保护剂获得对种子及发芽中植物的最佳保护。
因此,本发明还特别涉及通过用本发明的组合物处理种子来保护种子及发芽中的植物免受植物致病真菌侵袭的方法。
本发明还涉及本发明的组合物用于处理种子以保护种子及发芽中的植物免受植物致病真菌侵袭的用途。
而且,本发明还涉及经过本发明组合物处理的——尤其是由本发明组合物包衣的——以提供保护免受植物致病真菌侵袭的种子。
本发明的优点之一在于,鉴于本发明组合物的特别的内吸性,用这些组合物处理种子不仅能够保护种子本身,还能够保护出苗后获得的植物,免受植物致病真菌的侵袭。通过这种方式,可以免除在播种时或此后的较短时间内对作物的即时处理。
而且,还应当认为具有优势的是,本发明的混合物也可用于特别是转基因种子。
本发明的组合物适用于保护任何用于农业、温室、林业或园艺中植物品种的种子。特别是以下植物的种子的形式:谷物(例如小麦、大麦、黑麦、粟和燕麦)、玉米、棉花、大豆、稻、马铃薯、向日葵、豆类、咖啡、甜菜(例如糖用甜菜和饲用甜菜)、花生、蔬菜(例如番茄、黄瓜、洋葱和莴苣)、草地及观赏植物。对谷物(例如小麦、大麦、黑麦和燕麦)、玉米和稻的种子的处理尤为重要。
在本发明的情况下,本发明的组合物既可单独施用于种子,也可以适合的制剂形式施用。优选地,在种子稳定得足以避免处理中的损害的状态下对其进行处理。一般来说,可在采收与播种间的任何时间点处理种子。通常使用的种子已经与植物分离,并且已脱离穗轴、壳、茎、表皮、毛或果肉。因此,例如,可使用已采收、清洗并干燥至含湿量低于15重量%的种子。或者,也可使用干燥后经例如水处理然后再干燥的种子。
处理种子时,通常必须注意的是,本发明的组合物对种子的施用量和/或其它添加剂的量应选择为不对种子的发芽产生负面影响,或者不损害所获得的植物。特别是对在某些施用率下可能具有植物毒性作用的活性化合物而言,必须要把这一点牢记于心。
本发明的组合物可直接施用,也就是说在不包括其它组分并且不进行稀释的情况下施用。一般而言,优选将组合物以适合的制剂的形式施用于种子。处理种子的适合的制剂及方法为本领域技术人员已知,并记载于例如以下文献中:US 4,272,417A、US 4,245,432A、US4,808,430A、US 5,876,739A、US 2003/0176428A1、WO 2002/080675A1、WO 2002/028186A2。
本发明的活性化合物结合物还适于提高作物的产量。此外,它们还表现出低毒性以及良好的植物耐受性。
所有的植物及植物部位(part)均可依据本发明来处理。这里植物的含义应理解为所有的植物及植物种群,例如需要的及不需要的野生植物或作物植物(包括自然存在的作物植物)。作物植物可以是通过常规植物育种及优选法、或通过生物技术及基因工程方法、或通过所述方法的结合而获得的植物,包括转基因植物,也包括受或不受植物种苗权保护的植物栽培种。植物部位的含义应理解为植物所有的地上和地下部位以及植物器官,例如芽、叶、花及根,可提及的实例为叶、针叶(needle)、茎、干、花、子实体、果实、种子、根、块茎及根茎。植物部位还包括采收物和无性及有性繁殖物,例如苗、块茎、根茎、插条及种子。
本发明的使用活性化合物对植物及植物部位进行的处理,依据常规处理方法直接进行或使活性化合物作用于其环境、生境或贮存区域,所述常规处理方法包括例如浸液、喷雾、蒸发、弥雾(atomizing)、撒播、刷涂(brushing-on),并且在繁殖物、特别是种子的情况下,还包括一层或多层包衣。
如上所述,可依据本发明处理所有的植物和其部位。在一个优选实施方案中,处理了野生植物种和植物栽培种,或由常规生物育种方法——例如杂交或原生质体融合——获得的植物种和植物栽培种,以及所述植物种和栽培种的部位。在进一步优选实施方案中,处理了由基因工程——如果合适还可与常规方法相结合——而获得的转基因植物和植物栽培种(遗传修饰生物)及其部位。术语“部位”或“植物的部位”或“植物部位”解释如上。
特别优选地,依据本发明处理各自市售的或在使用的植物栽培种植物。
依据植物种或植物栽培种、其种植地点和生长条件(土壤、气候、植物生长期、营养),本发明的处理也可产生超加和性(superadditive)(“协同”)效应。由此,例如,可获得超过实际预期的以下效果:可降低本发明可使用的物质和组合物的施用率和/或加宽其活性谱和/或提高其活性、改善植物生长、提高高温或低温耐受性、提高干旱或水或土壤含盐量耐受性、提高开花品质、使采收更简易、加速成熟、提高产量、改善采收产品的质量和/或提高其营养价值、改善采收产品的贮存稳定性和/或其加工性能。
优选由本发明处理的转基因植物或植物栽培种(即通过遗传工程获得)包括在基因修饰中接受了遗传物质的所有植物,所述遗传物质将特别有利的有用特性(“特征”)赋予所述植物。所述特性的实例有改善植物生长、提高高温或低温耐受性、提高干旱或水或土壤含盐量耐受性、提高开花品质、使采收更简易、加速成熟、提高产量、改善采收产品的质量和/或提高其营养价值、改善采收产品的贮存稳定性和/或其加工性能。需进一步和特别强调的所述特性的实例为改善植物对动物害虫和微生物害虫的抵抗力,例如对昆虫、螨虫、植物致病真菌、细菌和/或病毒的抵抗力,以及提高植物对某些除草活性化合物的耐受性。可提及的转基因植物的实例为重要的作物植物,例如谷物(小麦、稻)、玉米、大豆、马铃薯、棉花、油菜和水果植物(果实为苹果、梨、柑橘类水果以及葡萄),特别强调的为玉米、大豆、马铃薯、棉花和油菜。强调的特性特别是通过在植物体内形成毒素,特别是由苏云金杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)的遗传物质(例如基因CryI A(a)、Cry I A(b)、Cry I A(c)、CryIIA、CryIIIA、CryIIIB2、Cry9c、Cry2Ab、Cry3Bb和Cry I F及其结合)在植物体内形成的毒素,来提高植物对昆虫的抵抗力(以下简称为“Bt植物”)。进一步特别强调的特性为提高植物对某些除草活性化合物的耐受性,例如咪唑啉酮类、磺酰脲类、草甘膦(glyphosate)或膦基麦黄酮(phosphinotricin)(例如“PAT”基因)。赋予所述所需要特性的基因也可在转基因植物体内相互结合。可提及的“Bt植物”的实例有市售的商标名称为YIELD(例如玉米、棉花、大豆)、(例如玉米)、(棉花)、(棉花)和(马铃薯)的玉米品种、棉花品种、大豆品种和马铃薯品种。可提及的具有除草剂耐受性的植物的实例有市售的商标名称为Roundup(具有草甘膦耐受性,例如玉米、棉花、大豆)、Liberty(具有膦基麦黄酮耐受性,例如油菜)、(具有咪唑啉酮耐受性)和(具有磺酰脲耐受性,例如玉米)的玉米品种、棉花品种和大豆品种。可提及的具有除草剂抗性的植物(以常规方式育种的除草剂耐受性植物)还包括名称为的市售品种(例如玉米)。当然,以上叙述也适用于具有所述基因特性的或待开发基因特性的植物栽培种,所述植物栽培种将在未来进行开发和/或上市。
本发明的活性化合物结合物可依据其具体的物理和/或化学特性转化为常规制剂,例如溶液、乳剂、悬浮剂、粉剂、粉尘剂、泡沫、膏剂、可溶粉剂、颗粒剂、气雾剂、悬乳浓缩剂、由活性化合物浸渍的天然及合成物质、以及聚合物与种子包衣组合物的微胶囊,以及ULV冷却与加温弥雾(fogging)制剂。
所述制剂以已知方式制备,例如将活性化合物或活性化合物结合物与填充剂混合,即与液体溶剂、加压液化气和/或固体载体混合,同时可任选使用表面活性剂,即乳化剂和/或分散剂和/或发泡剂。
如果使用的填充剂为水,还可使用例如有机溶剂作为辅助溶剂。本质上,适合的液体溶剂为:芳香族化合物,例如二甲苯、甲苯或烷基萘;氯化芳香族化合物或氯化脂族烃,例如氯苯、氯乙烯或二氯甲烷;脂族烃,例如环己烷或石蜡,如石油馏分;矿物油及植物油;醇,例如丁醇或乙二醇及其醚和酯;酮,例如丙酮、甲乙酮、甲基异丁基酮或环己酮;强极性溶剂,例如二甲基甲酰胺或二甲基亚砜;或水。
液化气填充剂或载体的含义应理解为在标准温度及大气压下为气态的液体,例如气溶胶推进剂,例如丁烷、丙烷、氮及二氧化碳。
适合的固体载体为:例如铵盐和粉碎的天然矿物,例如高岭土、粘土、滑石、白垩、石英、凹凸棒石、蒙脱石或硅藻土;以及粉碎的合成矿物,例如细分散二氧化硅、氧化铝及硅酸盐。适用于颗粒剂的固体载体为:例如粉碎并分级的天然岩石,例如方解石、大理石、浮石、海泡石及白云石;或合成的无机及有机粉颗粒,以及有机物颗粒,例如锯木屑、椰壳、玉米穗轴及烟草茎。适合的乳化剂和/或发泡剂为:例如非离子及阴离子乳化剂,例如聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚——例如烷基芳基聚乙二醇醚、烷基磺酸盐、烷基硫酸盐、芳基磺酸盐、或蛋白质水解产物。适合的分散剂为:例如木素亚硫酸盐废液及甲基纤维素。
制剂中可使用增粘剂,例如羧甲基纤维素,以及粉末、颗粒或胶乳形式的天然及合成聚合物——例如阿拉伯树胶、聚乙烯醇及聚乙酸乙烯酯,或天然磷脂——例如脑磷脂及卵磷脂,以及合成磷脂。其它添加剂可为矿物油及植物油。
可使用着色剂,例如无机颜料——例如氧化铁、氧化钛及普鲁士蓝,以及有机染料——例如茜素染料、偶氮染料及金属酞菁染料,以及微量营养物——例如铁盐、锰盐、硼盐、铜盐、钴盐、钼盐及锌盐。
由商购制剂制备的使用形式的活性化合物含量可在较宽的范围内变化。用于防治动物害虫——例如昆虫和螨虫——的使用形式的活性化合物浓度可为0.0000001至95重量%的活性化合物,优选0.0001至1重量%。施用以与使用形式相适应的方式进行。
用于防治不想要的植物致病真菌的制剂一般包括0.1至95重量百分比的活性化合物,优选0.5至90重量百分比。
本发明的活性化合物结合物可以其本身的形式、以其制剂形式或由其制备的使用形式使用,例如即用的溶液剂、乳油、乳剂、悬浮剂、可湿性粉剂、可溶性粉剂、粉尘剂和颗粒剂。它们以常规方式使用,例如通过灌水(浇灌)、滴灌、喷雾、雾化、撒播(broadcasting)、喷粉、发泡、抛撒进行,以及以粉剂用于干法种子处理,以溶液剂用于种子处理,以水溶性粉剂用于种子处理,以水溶性粉剂用于浆液处理,或通过结壳等进行。
本发明的活性化合物结合物可以商购制剂的形式及由该制剂制备的使用形式与其它活性化合物混合,例如与杀虫剂、引诱剂、消毒剂、杀细菌剂、杀螨剂、杀线虫剂、杀真菌剂、生长调节剂、除草剂或安全剂混合。
使用本发明的活性化合物结合物时,施用率可依据施用类型在相对宽的范围内变化。对于处理植物部位而言,活性化合物结合物的施用率一般为0.1至10,000g/ha(公顷),优选10至1,000g/ha。对于种子处理而言,活性化合物结合物的施用率一般为0.001至50g每千克种子,优选0.01至10g每千克种子。对于土壤处理而言,活性化合物结合物的施用率一般为0.1至10,000g/ha,优选1至5,000g/ha。
化合物(I)可与组2到15中的至少一种化合物同时施用,即共同施用或分别施用,或者连续施用。对于分别施用的情况,施用顺序一般对防治效果没有任何影响。
该活性化合物结合物可以其本身的形式、以浓缩物的形式或以普通的常规制剂的形式使用,例如粉剂、颗粒剂、溶液剂、悬浮剂、乳剂或膏剂。
提及的制剂可由本身已知的方式制备,例如,通过将活性化合物与至少一种溶剂或稀释剂、乳化剂、分散剂和/或粘结剂或固定剂、防水剂混合,如需要的话还与干燥剂和UV稳定剂混合,以及如需要的话还与着色剂和颜料和其它处理助剂混合。
以下实施例显示出本发明活性化合物结合物的良好杀菌活性。虽然单独的活性化合物的杀菌作用较弱,但结合物表现出的作用超过作用的简单加和。
当活性化合物结合物的杀菌活性超过活性化合物单独施用时的活性的总和时,杀虫剂中总会存在协同效应。
给定的两种活性化合物的结合物的预期杀菌活性可按照如下S.R.Colby方法计算(“Calculating Synergistic and AntagonisticResponses of Herbicide Combinations”,Weeds 15,20-22):
若
X为当以mg/ha的施用率使用活性化合物A时的药效,
Y为当以ng/ha的施用率使用活性化合物B时的药效,
E为当以m和ng/ha的施用率使用活性化合物A和B时的药效,
则
此处,药效以百分比形式确定,0%表示药效与对照组相等,而100%的药效表示没有观察到感染。
如果实际的杀菌活性超过计算值,则结合物的活性具有超加和性,即存在协同效应。在这种情况下,实际观察到的药效必定超过采用上式算得的预期药效值(E)。
本发明通过下面的实施例说明,但本发明并不限于这些实施例。
实施例
实施例1
稻梨孢试验(体外)/微量滴定板
该微量试验在微量滴定板中使用马铃薯葡萄糖液体培养基(PDB)作为液体试验媒介进行。活性化合物以工业级活性组分施用,就氟嘧菌酯而言,溶于丙酮中;而就硅噻菌胺而言,则为市售的制剂形式。接种使用稻梨孢(Pyricularia oryzae)的孢子悬浮液进行。经过3天避光培育,并摇动(10Hrz)后,用分光光度计确定微量滴定板的各个含充填物的孔中的透光率。
0%表示药效与对照组的生长相当,而100%的药效表示没有观察到真菌生长。
下表清楚地显示出本发明的活性化合物结合物所具有的活性高于计算的活性,即存在协同效应。
表
稻梨孢试验(体外)/微量试验
实施例2
立枯丝核菌试验(体外)/微量滴定板
该微量试验在微量滴定板中使用马铃薯葡萄糖液体培养基(PDB)作为液体试验媒介进行。活性化合物以工业级活性组分施用,就氟嘧菌酯而言,溶于丙酮中;而就啶酰菌胺而言,则为市售的制剂形式。接种使用立枯丝核菌的菌丝体悬浮液进行。经过4天避光培育,并摇动(10Hrz)后,用分光光度计确定微量滴定板的各个含充填物的孔中的透光率。
0%表示药效与对照组的生长相当,而100%的药效表示没有观察到真菌生长。
下表清楚地显示出本发明的活性化合物结合物所具有的活性高于计算的活性,即存在协同效应。
表
立枯丝核菌试验(体外)/微量试验
实施例3
彩绒革盖菌试验(体外)/微量滴定板
该微量试验在微量滴定板中使用马铃薯葡萄糖液体培养基(PDB)作为液体试验媒介进行。活性化合物以工业级活性组分施用,将其溶于丙酮中。接种使用彩绒革盖菌(Coriolus versicolor)的菌丝体悬浮液进行。经过3天避光培育,并摇动(10Hrz)后,用分光光度计确定微量滴定板的各个含充填物的孔中的透光率。
0%表示药效与对照组的生长相当,而100%的药效表示没有观察到真菌生长。
下表清楚地显示出本发明的活性化合物结合物所具有的活性高于计算的活性,即存在协同效应。
表
彩绒革盖菌试验(体外)/微量试验
实施例4
稻梨孢试验(体外)/微量滴定板
该微量试验在微量滴定板中使用马铃薯葡萄糖液体培养基(PDB)作为液体试验媒介进行。活性化合物以工业级活性组分施用,将其溶于丙酮中。接种使用稻梨孢的孢子悬浮液进行。经过5天避光培育,并摇动(10Hrz)后,用分光光度计确定微量滴定板的各个含充填物的孔中的透光率。
0%表示药效与对照组的生长相当,而100%的药效表示没有观察到真菌生长。
下表清楚地显示出本发明的活性化合物结合物所具有的活性高于计算的活性,即存在协同效应。
表
稻梨孢试验(体外)/微量试验
实施例5
灰葡萄孢试验(体外)/微量滴定板
该微量试验在微量滴定板中使用马铃薯葡萄糖液体培养基(PDB)作为液体试验媒介进行。活性化合物以工业级活性组分施用,就氟嘧菌酯而言,溶于丙酮中;而就种菌唑而言,则为市售的制剂形式。接种使用灰葡萄孢的孢子悬浮液进行。经过3天避光培育,并摇动(10Hrz)后,用分光光度计确定微量滴定板的各个含充填物的孔中的透光率。
0%表示药效与对照组的生长相当,而100%药效表示没有观察到真菌生长。
下表清楚地显示出本发明的活性化合物结合物所具有的活性高于计算的活性,即存在协同效应。
表
灰葡萄孢试验(体外)/微量试验
实施例6
稻梨孢试验(体外)/微量滴定板
该微量试验在微量滴定板中使用马铃薯葡萄糖液体培养基(PDB)作为液体试验媒介进行。活性化合物以工业级活性组分施用,将其溶于丙酮中。接种使用稻梨孢的孢子悬浮液进行。经过4天避光培育,并摇动(10Hrz)后,用分光光度计确定微量滴定板的各个含充填物的孔中的透光率。
0%表示药效与对照组的生长相当,而100%的药效表示没有观察到真菌生长。
下表清楚地显示出本发明的活性化合物结合物所具有的活性高于计算的活性,即存在协同效应。
表
稻梨孢试验(体外)/微量试验
实施例7
稻梨孢试验(体外)/微量滴定板
该微量试验在微量滴定板中使用马铃薯葡萄糖液体培养基(PDB)作为液体试验媒介进行。活性化合物以工业级活性组分施用,就氟嘧菌酯而言,溶于丙酮中;而就高效甲霜灵(mefenoxam)而言,则为市售的制剂形式。接种使用稻梨孢的孢子悬浮液进行。经过3天避光培育,并摇动(10Hrz)后,用分光光度计确定微量滴定板的各个含充填物的孔中的透光率。
0%表示药效与对照组的生长相当,而100%的药效表示没有观察到真菌生长。
下表清楚地显示出本发明的活性化合物结合物所具有的活性高于计算的活性,即存在协同效应。
表
稻梨孢试验(体外)/微量试验
Claims (7)
1.杀菌活性化合物结合物,包括氟嘧菌酯(组1)及至少一种选自组(5)的活性化合物:
组(5)酰基叔胺类:
(5-1)苯霜灵
(5-2)呋霜灵
(5-3)高效甲霜灵
(5-4)高效苯霜灵。
2.权利要求1的活性化合物结合物用于防治不想要的植物致病真菌的用途。
3.权利要求1的活性化合物结合物用于处理种子的用途。
4.权利要求1的活性化合物结合物用于处理转基因植物的用途。
5.权利要求1的活性化合物结合物用于处理转基因植物的种子的用途。
6.防治不想要的植物致病真菌的方法,其特征在于将权利要求1的活性化合物结合物施用于不想要的植物致病真菌和/或其生境和/或种子。
7.制备杀菌组合物的方法,其特征在于将权利要求1的活性化合物结合物与填充剂和/或表面活性剂混合。
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2005
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- 2005-10-11 EP EP10197205.7A patent/EP2319313B1/de active Active
- 2005-10-11 CA CA2793063A patent/CA2793063C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-10-11 CA CA2793025A patent/CA2793025C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-10-11 CN CN2009100087432A patent/CN101524073B/zh active Active
- 2005-10-11 CA CA2793076A patent/CA2793076A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-10-11 CN CN2012100729934A patent/CN102630683A/zh active Pending
- 2005-10-11 EP EP10197194A patent/EP2319311A3/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-10-11 CA CA2793009A patent/CA2793009A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-10-11 CA CA2793057A patent/CA2793057A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-10-11 EP EP10197211.5A patent/EP2319308B1/de active Active
- 2005-10-11 ES ES10197205.7T patent/ES2629336T3/es active Active
- 2005-10-11 EP EP10197192.7A patent/EP2319310B1/de active Active
- 2005-10-11 CA CA2793022A patent/CA2793022A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-10-11 BR BR122013031971-9A patent/BR122013031971B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2005-10-11 PL PL05802244T patent/PL1833299T3/pl unknown
- 2005-10-11 WO PCT/EP2005/010919 patent/WO2006040123A2/de active Application Filing
- 2005-10-11 CA CA2793014A patent/CA2793014A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-10-11 CA CA2793062A patent/CA2793062A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-10-11 PL PL10197181T patent/PL2319309T3/pl unknown
- 2005-10-11 PT PT101972115T patent/PT2319308T/pt unknown
- 2005-10-11 CA CA2793098A patent/CA2793098A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-10-11 PT PT101972057T patent/PT2319313T/pt unknown
- 2005-10-11 ES ES12196922.4T patent/ES2485383T3/es active Active
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