CN102511452B - Novel method for artificial mass rearing of Amblyseius orientalis - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a new method for artificially raising Amblyseius orientalis in large quantities, which is a method for artificially raising Amblyseius orientalis in large quantities by using a combination of sweet fruit mite or sweet fruit mite and other foods. The other foods refer to foods other than sweet fruit mites, such as mites in stored products, insect eggs, pollen, sugar, honey, yeast and the like. The invention solves the long-standing problem that Amblyseius orientalis is difficult to raise, has high cost, and must rely on Tetranychus, pollen and molasses water for feeding. The significance lies in: the present invention breaks through the misunderstanding of the predecessors that A. orientalis is a kind of specialized predatory mite, and has achieved unexpected technical effects. This brand-new breeding scheme realizes the simplicity, cheapness and high efficiency of A. orientalis. The mass breeding of A. orientalis ushered in a new era for the development and utilization of A. orientalis. It can provide more and more efficient local natural enemies for the safe production of agricultural and forestry products, and make positive contributions to environmental safety.

Description

A new method of artificially raising a large number of Amblyseius orientalis

technical field

The invention relates to a new method for artificially rearing Amblyseius orientalis in large quantities, and belongs to the technical field of biological control of agricultural pests.

technical background

Amblyseius orientalis belongs to Phytoseiidae, Amblyseiinae, and Amblyseius, which can effectively control Panonychus citri and Panonychusulmi in citrus , Tetranychus viennensis, Oligonychus perditus, etc. are the important dominant species of predatory mites in the control of spider mites.

Amblyseius orientalis also has the following advantages:

Amblyseius orientalis is an effective dominant natural enemy in citrus orchards ^[1] , and it has a good control effect on citrus red spider mite. Yang Ziqi et al ^{. [2]} released A. orientalis on orange trees to control citrus red spiders. The test showed that after 5 days of release, the population of Panonychus citrus decreased by 68.86%; the control effect on apple trees was very significant. Zhang Shouyou et al ^[3] released A. orientalis in apple orchards to control Panonychia orientalis and Tetranychus hawthorn. The test showed that A. orientalis can completely control these two harmful mites under natural conditions, and the control effect reached 93.4%.

Compared with two kinds of predator mites Amblyseius pseudolongispinosus (Amblyseius pseudolongispinosus) and Amblyseius longispinosus (Amblyseius longispinosus) produced on a large scale, the predation amount of Amblyseius orientalis on spider mites is equivalent. This shows that A. orientalis also has a strong predation ability on spider mites. Studies have shown that under the conditions of 24-28°C and 10-20 adults of Panonychus citrus, the female adults of A. The daily predation amount of adult mites ^[4,5] is significantly higher than that of A. pilosai to Panonychus citrus ^[6]. For 2-3 heads. Under the condition of supplying 20 larvae of Tetranychus urticae, the predation amount of the above three predatory mites was similar, with no significant difference, all of which were 16-18. Because A. longisei and A. longisei can only be reared with spider mites at present, there is no simpler and cheaper feeding method. Therefore, if the simple, cheap and efficient mass production of A. orientalis can be realized, it will be completely It can replace the high-cost Axyseiius phyllosae and A. pilosae in the control of spider mites, and become the preferred predatory mite for the control of spider mites.

Compared with Amblyseius barkeri and Amblyseius cucumeris produced commercially, Amblyseius orientalis has the following advantages:

(1) Compared with A. pastereius, A. orientalis has stronger predation ability to Panonychus citrus, Tetranychus urticae and Tetranychus cinnabarinus. Gan Ming et al. ^[5] reported that the maximum daily predation amount of female adults of A. orientalis at 16-28°C was significantly higher than that reported by Ling Peng et al ^{. [7].} The maximum daily predation amount of adult female mites on P. citrus mites under the condition of 16-28℃, the former's daily maximum predation amount is 14.6-28.8 heads, while the latter's daily maximum predation amount is only 5.78-9.71 heads ; We compared A. orientalis and A. pasterii in the laboratory, and found that the predation amount of A. orientalis on the above-mentioned several spider mites was significantly higher than that of A. pasterii under the same conditions.

(2) Compared with A. cucurbita, A. orientalis has a stronger predation ability to Panonychus citrus, Tetranychus urticae and Tetranychus cinnabarinus. Gan Ming et al. ^[5] reported that the female adult mite of A. orientalis can prey on 6-13 adult mites of Panonychus citrus per day at 24-28°C (when the prey amount is 20-32), Significantly higher than Zhang Yanxuan et al ^[8] reported that the daily predation amount of A. orientalis and A. Compared with mites, it was found that the predation amount of A. orientalis on the above-mentioned spider mites was significantly higher than that of A. cucurbita under the same conditions.

In addition, A. orientalis has stronger adaptability and colonization ability. Amblyseius orientalis is a native species in my country and is widely distributed in my country. The distribution provinces that have been reported include Hebei, Tianjin, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, Shandong, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong and Guizhou, etc. Introduced from abroad, the seid mite has poor adaptability and weak competitiveness. The field investigation has not found that the mite has colonized in my country, and the released A. cucurbita mite cannot be found in the field after one production season.

Therefore, compared with A. pastereius and A. cucurbita, A. orientalis has stronger predation ability and wider adaptability to spider mites, and is more suitable for the control of spider mites.

However, although A. orientalis has some of the advantages mentioned above, since Gan Ming ^et al. reported in 2001 "The study on the predation effect of A. orientalis on Panonychus citrus" in China, except for Zheng Fangqiang et al. ^[10] No one outside the world has conducted research reports on A. orientalis, and no one has applied A. orientalis to agricultural production, and no one has commercialized it. The fundamental reason is that A. orientalis is cheap and efficient. The problem of large-scale production has never been overcome.

The food that has been reported to feed A. orientalis includes pollen, spider mites, and honey water, such as loofah pollen, canna pollen, ageratum pollen, suma pollen, etc. Hawthorn spider mites, Oligonychus perditus, etc., as well as the combination food of castor pollen and honey water, citrus whole claw mite and molasses water, and the combination food of pollen, red spider mite and sugar water. The cost of pollen in these foods is high and difficult to collect, and the feeding operation of spider mites is complicated, costly, energy-consuming, inefficient, and takes up a lot of space. Therefore, the existing feeding methods are not suitable for the scale and commercialization of A. orientalis Production.

In the search for new feeding methods, we are faced with the same predicament as our predecessors, and also encountered unprecedented difficulties and problems.

First of all, in the literature, except for the reported pollen, spider mites, and molasses water, there is no report or evidence that A. orientalis can prey on other prey, which is different from the only authorized predator mite breeding in my country Patents are unfortunate in comparison. The authorized patent-"A method of artificial breeding for the predatory mite-A. cucurbita", this patent application is about the method of using acacia mites to raise A. cucurbita, and the applied powder is proposed in its original application documents. Contain putrescent tyrophagus putrescentiae (Tyrophagus putrescentiae) in the mite, but the fact that utilizes putrescent tyrophagus putrescentiae can raise cucumber Amblyseius as far back as June 2000 " Cucumber ablyseius cucumeris (Amblyseius cucumeris ) to tyrophagus putrescentiae reported in June, 2000. (Tyrophagusputrescentiae) egg functional response", Fudan University in October 2001 reported by Zuoqin et al. "Relationship between the developmental duration and temperature of cucumber amblyseius cucumeris" and in November 2001 Fudan University Li Xinyi reported The "Functional Response of Amblyseius Cucumber to Female Adults of Ateophora and Tyrophagous Eggs" has been publicly published, and it can be considered that these three articles published by Fudan University have a certain direct prompting effect on this patent application. What's more, as early as the 1980s in foreign countries, there were literatures about the use of A. axenicus Cucumbers for feeding with acaroid mites ^[9] . However, there is no hint about the rearing methods of Amblyseius orientalis.

Secondly, phytoseiid mites have the characteristics of diverse species and complex feeding habits. Not all predator mites can be reared with stored mites. For example, A. longiseius, A. longiseius, and Phytoseiulus persimilis can only be reared with spider mites at present, and cannot be fed with tyrosid mite and Aleuroglyphus ovatus that feed A. ) and other storage mite breeding. We tried to raise A. orientalis with tyrophagous tyrophagous and A. ellipsoidus, but failed. Perhaps A. orientalis is also a spider mite like a. The special predatory natural enemies of the species can only be reared with spider mites.

Finally, the predecessors had a wrong understanding of the feeding habits of A. orientalis, and believed that A. orientalis is a predator mite that only eats spider mites, and will not eat other prey except spider mites. According to the existing literature, A. orientalis only preys on spider mites and acts as a biological control agent for spider mites. A paper "Quantitative Analysis of Pests and Natural Enemy Communities in Red Fuji Apple Orchard" ^[10] published in the first-level academic journal "Journal of Applied Ecology" was also recognized and supported. Therefore, the erroneous understanding of the feeding habits of A. orientalis has further restricted our new exploration of new feeding methods for new prey of A. orientalis.

Based on the above-mentioned difficulties and problems, it is not known whether a simple, cheap and efficient breeding method for A. orientalis can be realized.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a new method for artificially raising Amblyseius orientalis in large quantities, which can completely get rid of the high cost, high cost, Problems such as complex operation can realize the large-scale breeding and production of Amblyseius orientalis more simply, cheaply and efficiently.

The technical solution provided by the present invention is: under the conditions of 16-35°C and relative humidity of 60%-95%, a method for artificially raising Amblyseius orientalis in large quantities by using the sweet fruit mite or the composition of sweet fruit mite and other foods.

The specific operation is to raise and prepare the sweet fruit mite first. If other prey are used in the breeding process of A. orientalis, this kind of food should also be prepared in advance, and then the sweet fruit mite can be used in a feeding container with or without feeding medium. The combination of mite or sweet fruit mite and other foods is used to feed A. orientalis. The initial intake of A. orientalis is based on the expected output of A. orientalis. During the breeding process, it is necessary to add sweet fruit 1-6 times a month. The mites and their feeding materials are fed for 15-45 days. When the amount of A. orientalis in the feeding feed is ≥10 heads/g, the finished product can be packaged, multiplied and raised or stored at low temperature, of which:

(1) described raising sweet fruit mite refers to utilizing the feed of sweet fruit mite to raise sweet fruit mite, wherein the feed of sweet fruit mite can be multiple such as pollen, yeast, sugar, honey, royal jelly, molasses water;

(2) The preparation of sweet fruit mite refers to preparing enough sweet fruit mite for raising Amblyseius orientalis according to the population density of sweet fruit mite, wherein the population density of sweet fruit mite is ≥0.1 head/gram, but preferably 200-500 heads/g;

(3) said containing feeding medium or no feeding medium means that there may be feeding medium or no feeding medium in the process of raising Amblyseius orientalis, but preferably there is feeding medium and the feeding medium contains 5%-30% water, in the feeding container The inner height is 1-15 centimeters, preferably 3-7 centimeters, wherein the feeding medium refers to the medium used to produce and raise A. orientalis, such as wheat bran, vermiculite, perlite, crushed plant straw, wood chips, rice husk , coconut bran, wheat bran, buckwheat husk, mung bean skin, leaves, etc., various media are used alone, two or more are mixed;

(4) The breeding container refers to any device, equipment, and utensil that can be used to raise Amblyseius orientalis, such as a breeding platform, fresh-keeping box, bucket, etc. made by using the water tray method, but the breeding container must be able to effectively prevent escape of mites and ensure good gas exchange in the container;

(5) The composition of sweet fruit mite and other foods means that other foods can be added during the feeding process, but at least sweet fruit mite is used in the raising process of A. orientalis, wherein the other foods refer to the addition of sweet fruit mite Food other than fruit mites, such as mites in storage, insect eggs and pollen, molasses water, spider mites, yeast, etc.;

(6) The raising of A. orientalis by using the composition of sweet fruit mite or sweet fruit mite and other foods refers to the feeding operation process of oriental amblyseius. The ratio of 1, but the ratio of 10:1-100:1 is preferred to add sweet fruit mite and A. orientalis to the rearing container, and other foods can also be added in the rearing container. During the process of raising the container, it can be added together with the feeding medium and feeding material;

(7) Adding sweet fruit mite and its feeding material 1-6 times per month refers to adding sweet fruit mite and its feeding material every 5-30 days, preferably adding 2-3 times per month;

(8) The packaging means that Amblyseius orientalis can be individually packaged with paper, iron, plastic or a combination of multiple materials, and the packaging can be in bags, bottles, cans, etc.;

(9) The finished product refers to using A. orientalis as a product, which is applied to the biological control of pests.

Adopting this method to raise A. orientalis solves the difficult problem of raising A. orientalis since A. orientalis was found on a plant of the Japanese Fagaceae (Ehara 1959), high cost, and having to rely on spider mites, pollen, and molasses water for feeding.

Significance of the present invention is:

The present invention breaks through the misunderstanding of predecessors that A. orientalis is a specialized predatory mite, and has achieved unexpected technical effects. It has been proved for the first time through practice that A. orientalis is not only a specialized predatory mite of Tetranychus mites, In addition to spider mites, it can also be raised in large quantities with sweet fruit mites!

The present invention realizes simple, cheap and efficient mass breeding of Amblyseius orientalis. This brand-new breeding scheme has no precedent in the history of breeding technology of Amblyseius orientalis!

The present invention creates a new era for the development and utilization of Amblyseius orientalis!

The implementation of the present invention can also provide more and more efficient local natural enemies for the prevention and control of harmful mites such as citrus panonychia, apple panonychia, and hawthorn spider mite, and make positive contributions to the safe production and environmental safety of agricultural and forestry products. contribution.

Detailed ways

The following embodiments are only for the convenience of understanding the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention.

The preferred method of embodiment 1 artificially rearing Amblyseius orientalis in large quantities

Under the conditions of 20-30°C and relative humidity of 70%-90%, use sweet fruit mite alone as feeding prey to artificially raise a large number of A. orientalis. A. orientalis and A. orientalis with feeding medium and A. orientalis with feeding material were added in the feeding container containing feeding medium at a ratio of 50:1 between A. orientalis and A. orientalis. A. orientalis The amount of mite initially inserted into the feed was 1 head/g. During the feeding process, sweet fruit mite and its feed were added once every 10 days. The feeding period was 30 days. The population density of Amblyseius orientalis in the feed It can be ≥20 heads/g. At this time, Amblyseius orientalis can be packaged as a finished product, multiplied and raised or stored at low temperature. It can be packaged in paper bags or plastic bottles. Among them:

The feeding medium contains 10%-20% water, has a height of 3-7 cm, and is a composition of wheat bran and vermiculite in a volume ratio of 1:1;

Described rearing container refers to the cylindrical sealable fresh-keeping box that bottom area is 0.1 square meter, and height is 0.15 meters, and there is a vent of 0.01 square meter on the top of the fresh-keeping box, and vent is sealed with gauze or paper.

Embodiment 2 utilizes sweet fruit mite, the method for raising Amblyseius orientalis with water tray method

In a fresh-keeping box with a height of 10 cm, a width of 10 cm, and a length of 10 cm, put a sponge with a length, width, and height of 8 cm, 8 cm, and 5 cm respectively, and then add water to the fresh-keeping box. 4 cm, and then put a round filter paper on the sponge, the filter paper is completely on the sponge, and then put a round black plastic film paper in the center of the filter paper, the black plastic film paper is slightly smaller than the filter paper. Insert 10 female adults of Amblyseius orientalis and 100-200 heads of sweet fruit mite on the black plastic film paper, then put 1-2 pieces of raw food, and put the fresh-keeping box in a room with a temperature of 27°C and a relative humidity of 75%. Under the same conditions, add raw mother-eating tablets and sweet fruit mite once every 7 days, and pay attention to adding isolated water in the fresh-keeping box, so as to realize the breeding and propagation of Amblyseius orientalis.

Example 3 A preferred method for artificially raising Amblyseius orientalis in large quantities using the composition of sweet fruit mite and other foods

Under the conditions of 16-35°C and relative humidity of 60%-95%, first raise and prepare sweet fruit mite and prepare other prey, and then press the 50:1 ratio of sweet fruit mite and amblyseius orientalis in a rearing container containing feeding medium. The proportion of A. orientalis with feeding medium and sweet fruit mite with feeding material was added. The initial amount of A. orientalis feeding was 1 head/g, and sweetener was added every 10 days during the feeding process. Fruit mites and their feed, the feeding period is 30 days, in which A. orientalis is fed for 15 days with sweet fruit mites, and then the other prey mentioned are put into the container, and the amount of A. orientalis in the feed is ≥ 10 heads The finished product can be packaged per gram, multiplied and raised or stored at low temperature, wherein:

The feeding medium is a composition of wheat bran and vermiculite in a volume ratio of 1:1, the feeding medium contains 5%-30% water, and the height in the feeding container is 3-7 cm;

The breeding container refers to any device, equipment, and utensil that can be used to raise Amblyseius orientalis, such as a breeding platform, fresh-keeping box, barrel, etc. made by using the water tray method, but the breeding container must be able to effectively prevent mites from escaping And ensure good gas exchange in the rearing container;

The other foods refer to foods other than sweet fruit mites, such as mites in storage, insect eggs and pollen, molasses water, spider mites, yeast, etc.;

The packaging means that Amblyseius orientalis can be individually packaged with paper, iron, plastic or a combination of multiple materials, and the packaging form can be bagged, bottled, canned, etc.

Test implementation 1 Effect of sweet fruit mite on the growth and development of Amblyseius orientalis

experiment method:

The test was carried out in an incubator at 27°C, relative humidity 75%, and total darkness. The eggs produced by A. orientalis within 24 hours were inserted into the test chamber and repeated 13 times. The test chamber was placed in a fresh-keeping box containing a moist sponge. , the fresh-keeping box was placed in the incubator again, and A. orientalis changed from eggs to nymphs, and then began to feed the sweet fruit mite in a random state until A. orientalis developed into an adult mite.

result:

(1) The results of the effect of sweet fruit mite on the growth and development of A. orientalis female mite are shown in Table 1

It can be seen from Table 1 that when sweet fruit mite is fed, the period from egg to adult female of A. orientalis is only 6.6±0.70 days, and the female mite of A. orientalis can complete growth and development when fed with sweet fruit mite.

(2) The results of the effect of sweet fruit mite on the growth and development of Amblyseius orientalis male mite are shown in Table 2

It can be seen from Table 2 that the eggs of A. orientalis can develop into male adults normally when fed with sweet fruit mite, and the development period is 6.3±0.58 days, which is slightly shorter than the period of development into female adults.

(3) Survival rate of Amblyseius orientalis when feeding sweet fruit mite

In the 13 repetitions of the experiment, the survival rate of A. orientalis was 100% when feeding the sweet fruit mite.

Test implementation 2 Effect of sweet fruit mite on egg production of Amblyseius orientalis

experiment method:

The test was carried out in an incubator at 27°C, with a relative humidity of 75%, and total darkness. A. orientalis, which was fed with sweet fruit mite and laid eggs, was introduced into the test chamber, and continued to be fed with sweet fruit mite, and repeated 8 times. The test chamber was placed in a fresh-keeping box containing a moist sponge, and the fresh-keeping box was placed in an incubator for continuous observation for 3 days, and the amount of eggs laid was recorded.

The results are shown in Table 3.

It can be seen from Table 3 that A. orientalis can lay eggs by feeding on sweet fruit mite, and the average daily egg production is 1.29±0.21.

Table 1 Effect of sweet fruit mite on the growth and development of A. orientalis female mite (days)

Table 2 The effect of sweet fruit mite on the growth and development of A. orientalis male mite (days)

Table 3 The amount of eggs laid by A. orientalis when feeding on sweet fruit mite (grains)

Test Implementation 3 Effect of Tyrophagous mite on Oviposition of Amblyseius orientalis

experiment method:

The test was carried out in an incubator at 27°C, with a relative humidity of 75%, and total darkness. Amblyseius orientalis fed with sweet fruit mite and ovipositors were introduced into the test chamber, starved for 24 hours, and the eggs were picked out and continued to use The tyrophagous mite was reared in a random state and repeated 10 times. The test chamber was placed in a fresh-keeping box containing a moist sponge, and the fresh-keeping box was placed in an incubator. Observed continuously for 8 days, and recorded the number of eggs laid.

The results are shown in Table 4.

It can be seen from Table 4 that when A. orientalis was fed with tyrophagous tyrosid mite, A. orientalis lay eggs only on the second day, and no eggs were found after that. After feeding for 9 days, the death rate of A. orientalis was as high as 40%. It shows that feeding A. orientalis with tyrophagous tyrosid mite is not effective, and the oviposition phenomenon occurred on the second day. It is very likely that A. orientalis preyed on tyrosius orientalis after starvation for 24 hours, and supplemented some energy. , to promote the production of eggs that had already formed, but cannot maintain the continued production of A. orientalis. Compared with the egg production of A. orientalis fed with sweet fruit mite, there is a big difference between this result, which also shows that the effect of feeding A. orientalis with sweet fruit mite is obviously very good, while feeding with tyrophagous mite Amblyseius orientalis is less effective.

Table 4 The amount of eggs laid by A. orientalis when fed with Tyrophagous mite

Note: D in the table represents the death of A. orientalis.

references:

[1]Zhu Zhimin, Lai Yongfang. Overview of research and utilization of predatory mites in China, Acta Arachniforma Sinica, 1992.

[2] Yang Ziqi, Cao Kejia, Li Weiping. Preliminary report on the study of Amblyseius orientalis, natural enemies of insects, 1987.

[3] Zhang Shouyou, Cao Xinwen, Han Zhiqiang, Wu Weinan. Study on the natural control effect of A. orientalis on two species of spider mites in apple orchard, Natural Enemies of Insects, 1992.

[4] Lai Yongfang, Zhu Zhimin. The predation effect of Amblyseius orientalis on Panonychus citrus and Pononymus cypress, Jiangxi Plant Protection, 1991.

[5] Gan Ming, Li Minghui, Hu Siqin. Study on the Predatory Effect of Amblyseius orientalis on Panonychus citrus, Journal of Nanchang University, 2001.

[6] Zou Ping, Gao Jianrong, Ma Enpei. Study on the Predation and Predation Amount of Amblyseius pilosae, Natural Enemies of Insects, 1986.

[7] Ling Peng, Xia Bin, Li Pengxin, Shu Chang, Zhong Ling, Li Aihua. The Predatory Efficiency of Amblyseius pasteruii on Panonychus citrus, Acta Arachniforma Sinica, 2008.

[8] Zhang Yanxuan, Lin Jianzhen, Ji Jie, Chen Chuanpei, Lin Zhang. Research progress on control of citrus pest mites by Amblyseius cucurbita, 2002 Academic Annual Meeting of Entomological Society of China, 2002.

[9]Ramarkers, 1983.Mass production and introduction of Amblyseius mckenziei and A.cucumeris.SROP/WPRS Bull.6(3), 203-206.

[10] Zheng Fangqiang, Zhang Xiaohua, Qu Chenghuai, Liu Xueqian, Qu Shujuan. Quantitative analysis of pest and natural enemy communities in red Fuji apple orchard, Journal of Applied Ecology, 2009.

Claims (2)

1. the method for an artificial mass rearing Amblyseius Orientalis Ehara, it is characterized in that at 16-35 ℃, under relative moisture 60%-95% condition, utilize the artificial mass rearing Amblyseius Orientalis Ehara of composition of hesperidium mite or hesperidium mite and other food, concrete operations are first to raise, prepare hesperidium mite, within containing raising medium or the raising container without raising medium, utilize again the composition of hesperidium mite or hesperidium mite and other food to raise Amblyseius Orientalis Ehara, wherein the initial access amount of Amblyseius Orientalis Ehara is thrown according to the expected volume of Amblyseius Orientalis Ehara, in feeding process, need monthly to add 1-6 hesperidium mite and breeding feed thereof, raise 15-45 days, during amount >=10 of Amblyseius Orientalis Ehara in breeding feed/gram, get final product packed products, expand numerous raising or cryopreservation, described preparation hesperidium mite refers to the insect density according to hesperidium mite, be ready to enough hesperidium mites for raising Amblyseius Orientalis Ehara, wherein the insect density of hesperidium mite is >=0.1/gram, adding proportion >=1 of hesperidium mite and Amblyseius Orientalis Ehara: 1.

2. the method for artificial mass rearing Amblyseius Orientalis Ehara according to claim 1, is characterized in that described other food refers to mite class, tetranychid, the ovum of insect, pollen, sugar, honey, the yeast in reserve substance.