CN102091881A - 不锈钢电弧焊药芯焊丝 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明的不锈钢电弧焊药芯焊丝,在不锈钢制的外皮中填充有焊剂,以焊丝总质量计,含有Cr:22.0~30.0质量%、Ni:6.0~12.0质量%、Mo:2.0~5.0质量%、N:0.20~0.35质量%、TiO2:4.0~9.0质量%、SiO2:0.1~2.0质量%、ZrO2:0.5~4.0质量%,含有Li2O、Na2O和K2O总量为0.50~1.50质量%,含有金属氟化物以氟量换算值计为0.10~0.90质量%,以及含有稀土元素成分为0.10~1.00质量%。C的含量限制在0.04质量%以下,W的含量限制在4.0质量%以下,Cu的含量限制在2.0质量%以下,Bi2O3的含量限制在0.01质量%以下,所述Bi2O3、TiO2、SiO2、ZrO2、Li2O、Na2O和K2O以外的氧化物的含有限制在3.0质量%以下。根据这样的构成,在对于双相不锈钢等进行电弧焊时,能够得到全姿势焊接中的焊接操作性良好,既维持优异的耐点蚀性,低温韧性也更优异的焊接部。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及在对于奥氏体相和铁素体相的双相不锈钢等进行电弧焊时所使用的不锈钢电弧焊药芯焊丝,特别是涉及耐点蚀性和低温韧性优异,且全姿势焊接的焊接操作性良好的不锈钢电弧焊药芯焊丝。
背景技术
历来,对于化工机械、石油或天然气的挖掘用油井管、管道钢管、化学品运输船和水闸等结构物的构件,主要要求在海水等的含有氯离子的环境下的耐应力腐蚀裂纹(SCC)性和耐点蚀性优异,并具有高强度。于是,作为满足这些要求的构件,例如使用JIS SUS 329J3L、SUS 329J4L及ASTMS31803的二相不锈钢等。
在这些结构物用的构件的焊接中,大多使用由基本上与母材同样的合金组成构成的焊接材料。因此,焊接材料的合金组成也与母材同样,涉及很多方面。另外,关于焊接方法也使用各种方法,但特别是利用高效率、容使用的药芯焊丝进行的电弧焊被广泛使用。
然而,上述双相不锈钢钢材在制造过程中,轧制后地实施热处理,双相不锈钢钢材的组织被稳定化在接近热处理温度下的平衡状态的组织。相对于此,焊接金属是以铁素体单相凝固后,在自然冷却的过程中有奥氏体相在铁素体相中析出的非平衡状态的比较不稳定的组织。因此,在双相不锈钢钢材的焊接部,与钢材比较,其存在耐点蚀性或低温韧性不稳定的一面,应用它的结构物会形成耐点蚀性和/或低温韧性劣化的问题,希望焊接材料的改善。
在使用药芯焊丝的电弧焊中,作为使焊接部的耐点蚀性提高的技术,可列举例如美国专利申请公开第2008/0093353号和日本特开2008-221292号。在这些专利文献中公开的技术是,通过在药芯焊丝中添加Cr、Mo和N而使焊接部的耐点蚀性提高。另外还公开,通过向药芯焊丝中添加N来提高焊接金属的强度。
但是,上述的现有技术中存在如下问题点。近来,为了使双相不锈钢等结构材能够在例如海沟和海底等含有氯离子,高压力且低温的环境中使用,对于焊接部则要求更高的耐点蚀性和低温韧性。但是,上述现有的药芯焊丝不能适应近来对耐点蚀性和低温韧性的要求。
另外,美国专利申请公开第2008/0093352号的药芯焊丝,碱金属成分的含量少,特别是在向上立焊中无法取得电弧的稳定性,焊接操作性降低。
此外,日本特开2008-221292号的双相不锈钢焊接用药芯焊丝,ZrO2的含量少,特别是在立向焊接和上向焊接中,不能取得良好的熔渣包覆性,由此熔渣剥离性和耐点蚀性劣化,焊接操作性降低。
发明内容
本发明鉴于这样的问题点而做,其目的在于,提供一种不锈钢电弧焊药芯焊丝,在对于双相不锈钢等进行电弧焊时,全姿势焊接中的焊接操作性良好,能够得到既维持优异的耐点蚀性,低温韧性也更优异的焊接部。
本发明的不锈钢电弧焊药芯焊丝,是在不锈钢制的外皮中填充有焊剂的不锈钢电弧焊药芯焊丝,以焊丝总质量计,含有Cr:22.0~30.0质量%、Ni:6.0~12.0质量%、Mo:2.0~5.0质量%、N:0.20~0.35质量%、TiO2:4.0~9.0质量%、SiO2:0.1~2.0质量%、ZrO2:0.5~4.0质量%,含有Li2O、Na2O和K2O总量为0.50~1.50质量%,含有金属氟化物以氟量换算值计为0.10~0.90质量%,以及含有稀土元素成分为0.10~1.00质量%,C的含量限制在0.04质量%以下,W的含量限制在4.0质量%以下,Cu的含量限制在2.0质量%以下,Bi2O3的含量限制在0.01质量%以下,所述Bi2O3、TiO2、SiO2、ZrO2、Li2O、Na2O和K2O以外的氧化物的含量以总量计限制在3.0质量%以下。
本发明的不锈钢电弧焊药芯焊丝,在适当的范围内含有N、Cr和Mo的基础上,限制焊丝中的Bi2O3的含量,在焊丝中适量添加稀土元素成分,因此在双相不锈钢等焊接部,既能够维持优异的耐点蚀性,又能够得到更高的低温韧性。另外,因为在适当的范围内熔渣形成剂和电弧稳定剂,需要的成分以外的氧化物的含有受到限制,所以能够得到良好的熔渣包覆性,焊接操作性也良好。
附图说明
图1是表示药芯焊丝的一例的图。
图2(a)是表示下向焊接中的焊接母材的坡口形成的剖面图,(b)是表示立向焊接和上向焊接中的焊接母材的坡口形状的剖面图。
具体实施方式
以下,对于本发明的实施方式进行具体的说明。为了在双相不锈钢等的焊接部获得高耐点蚀性,历来所进行的是,添加N、Cr和Mo作为药芯焊丝的成分。但是,大量添加N会成为焊接部发生凹坑和气沟等焊接缺陷的原因,也容易使焊接部的低温韧性劣化。低温韧性劣化的结构材不能在例如海沟或海底等高压力且低温的环境下使用。本案发明者等人员为了解决向药芯焊丝添加N所带来的焊接缺陷的发生和焊接部的低温韧性的劣化这样的问题,进行了锐意的实验研究。于是发现,为了在双相不锈钢等焊接部,既维持与以前同等以上的耐点蚀性,又获得优异的低温韧性,只要在添加有N、Cr和Mo的药芯焊丝中,一边限制Bi2O3的含量,一边在药芯焊丝中适量添加稀土元素成分即可。
另外,本案发明者等人员还发现,如果在适当范围内向药芯焊丝添加作为熔渣形成剂的TiO2、SiO2和ZrO2,添加作为电弧稳定剂的Li2O、Na2O和K2O,以及作为金属氟化物的氟,限制所要的成分以外的氧化物的含量,则能够得到良好的熔渣包覆性,由此熔渣剥离性和耐气孔性良好,也能够得到良好的焊接操作性。
本发明能够用于例如以双相不锈钢等的不锈钢为母材的焊接,除此之外,在例如以软钢为母材而在其上进行堆焊时也能够适用。
以下,对于本发明的不锈钢电弧焊药芯焊丝,就数值限定理由进行说明。
“Cr:以焊丝总质量计为22.0~30.0质量%”
Cr具有使焊接部的耐点蚀性提高的作用。Cr的含量以焊剂的总质量计低于22.0质量%时,不能充分提高焊接部的耐点蚀性。另一方面,若Cr的含量以焊剂的总质量计超过30.0质量%,则在焊接部析出以FeCr为主体的金属间化合物的σ相,低温韧性劣化(σ相脆化)。因此在本发明中,Cr的含量以焊丝的总质量计规定为22.0~30.0质量%。
“Ni:以焊丝总质量计为6.0~12.0质量%”
Ni在双相不锈钢等的焊接部使奥氏体相稳定化,具有使熔敷金属的低温韧性提高的作用。若Ni的含量以焊丝的总质量计低于6.0质量%,则不能充分获得使熔敷金属的低温韧性提高的作用。另一方面,若Ni的含量以焊丝的总质量计超过12.0质量%,则使熔敷金属的延展性降低。因此,在本发明中,Ni的含量以焊丝的总质量计规定为6.0~12.0质量%。
“Mo:以焊丝总质量计为2.0~5.0质量%”
Mo与Cr一样,出于提高焊接部的耐点蚀性的目的而添加。若Mo的含量以焊丝的总质量计低于2.0质量%,则不能充分提高焊接部的耐点蚀性。另一方面,若Mo的含量以焊丝的总质量计超过5.0质量%,则在双相不锈钢等的焊接部析析出以FeCr为主体的金属间化合物的σ相,熔敷金属的低温韧性劣化(σ相脆化)。因此在本发明中,Mo的含量以焊丝的总质量计规定为2.0~5.0质量%。
“N:以焊丝总质量计为0.20~0.35质量%”
N与Cr和Mo一样,具有使焊接部的耐点蚀性提高的作用。若N的含量以焊丝的总质量计低于0.20质量%,则不能充分提高焊接部的耐点蚀性。另一方面,若N的含量以焊丝的总质量计超过0.35质量%,则焊接部的耐气孔性劣化,成为凹坑和气沟等的焊接缺陷发生的原因,熔敷金属的低温韧性劣化。因此在本发明中,N的含量以焊丝的总质量计规定为0.20~0.35质量%。
“TiO2:以焊丝总质量计为4.0~9.0质量%”
TiO2是熔渣形成剂,其改善熔渣的流动性,使熔渣的包覆性和剥离性提高。另外TiO2还具有提高电弧稳定性的作用。若TiO2的含量以焊丝的总质量计低于4.0质量%,则得不到熔渣的包覆性和剥离性提高效果以及电弧的稳定性。另一方面,若TiO2的含量以焊丝的总质量计超过9.0质量%,则熔渣的流动性降低,焊接部容易发生夹渣等的焊接缺陷。另外,焊接时的熔渣剥离性和耐气孔性劣化。因此在本发明中,TiO2的含量以焊丝的总质量计规定为4.0~9.0质量%。更优选的下限值为5.0质量%。更优选的上限值为8.0质量%。
“SiO2:以焊丝总质量计为0.1~2.0质量%”
SiO2具有使焊道的融合性和熔渣的包覆性良好的作用,通过SiO2的添加,能够得到良好的熔渣剥离性和耐气孔性。若SiO2的含量以焊丝总质量计低于0.1质量%,则不能充分获得提高焊道的融合性和熔渣的包覆性的效果。另一方面,若SiO2的含量以焊丝总质量计超过2.0质量%,则熔渣容易烧结,熔渣剥离性劣化。因此在本发明中,SiO2的含量以焊丝总质量计规定为0.1~2.0质量%。
“ZrO2:以焊丝总质量计为0.5~4.0质量%”
ZrO2具有使熔渣的粘性提高的作用,通过ZrO2的添加,特别是能够在立向焊接和上向焊接时得到良好的熔渣包覆性,由此,能够得到良好的熔渣剥离性和耐气孔性。若ZrO2的含量以焊丝总质量计低于0.5质量%,则不能充分获得提高熔渣粘性的效果,向上立焊性劣化。另一方面,若ZrO2的含量以焊丝总质量计超过4.0质量%,则熔渣的粘性过高,熔渣剥离性劣化,也容易发生在焊接部夹渣等的焊接缺陷。因此在本发明中,ZrO2的含量以焊丝总质量计规定为0.5~4.0质量%。更优选的下限值为1.0质量%。
“Li2O、Na2O和K2O:总量以焊丝总质量计为0.50~1.50质量%”
作为碱金属的Li、Na和K的氧化物,其具有的作用是,通过添加而使电弧稳定性提高,特别是在向上立焊中使焊接操作性提高。若Li2O、Na2O和K2O的含量总量以焊丝总质量计低于0.50质量%,则在全姿势焊接中不能获得良好的焊接操作性。另一方面,若Li2O、Na2O和K2O的含量总量以焊丝总质量计超过1.50质量%,则焊丝的耐吸湿性容易劣化。因此在本发明中,Li2O、Na2O和K2O的含量的总量以焊丝总质量计规定为0.50~1.50质量%。
“金属氟化物:按氟量换算值以焊丝总质量计为0.10~0.90质量%”
氟抑制凹坑和气孔等焊接缺陷在焊接部的发生,另外还具有提高耐气孔性的作用,在本发明中,通过金属氟化物进行添加。若金属氟化物的含量按氟量换算值以焊丝总质量计低于0.10质量%,则凹坑和气孔容易发生,熔渣剥离性也劣化。另一方面,若金属氟化物的含量按氟量换算值以焊丝总质量计超过0.90质量%,则焊接时的电弧稳定性降低,飞溅和烟尘的发生量增加,焊接操作性劣化。因此在本发明中,金属氟化物的含量按氟量换算值以焊丝总质量计规定为0.10~0.90质量%。另外,更优选的氟化物的含量,按氟量换算值以焊丝总质量计为0.30~0.90质量%。
“稀土元素成分:以焊丝总质量计为0.10~1.00质量%”
稀土元素成分在本发明中是用于提高焊接部的低温韧性最重要的成分。即,因为稀土元素成分是强脱氧剂,所以使熔敷金属中的氧量降低,并且以发生氧化的夹杂物为起点,熔敷金属容易从铁素体相向奥氏体相圆滑地过渡,其结果是具有使双相不锈钢等组织微细化,使焊接部的低温韧性提高的作用。另外,稀土元素成分具有使熔渣的被覆均一化,使熔渣剥离性提高的效果,具有防止停留在熔敷金属和熔渣的边界部分的氮气等气体造成气沟和凹坑等焊接缺陷发生的作用。稀土元素成分例如能够以氟化物或氧化物等的形态将Ce、La和Y等添加到焊剂中。如果稀土元素成分的含量以焊丝总质量计为0.10质量%以上,则能够提高焊接部的低温韧性。另一方面,若稀土元素成分的含量以焊丝总质量计超过1.00质量%,则反而容易使熔渣剥离性劣化。这被认为是由于稀土元素的氧化物在熔渣中增加。因此在本发明中,稀土元素成分的含量以焊丝总质量计规定为0.10~1.00质量%。另外,稀土元素成分的含量以焊丝总质量计为0.30质量%则能够充分取得上述的效果。
“C:以焊丝总质量计限定在0.04质量%以下”
C与Cr和Mo反应而生成碳化物,使焊接部的耐点蚀性劣化。若C的含量以焊丝总质量计超过0.04质量%,则焊接部的耐点蚀性劣化。因此在本发明中,C的含量以焊丝总质量计为限制在0.04质量%以下。
“W:以焊丝总质量计限制在4.0质量%以下”
若添加大量的W使焊丝中的W含量以焊丝总质量计超过4.0质量%,则在双相不锈钢等的焊接部,氮化物和金属间化合物析出,熔敷金属的脆性和低温韧性劣化。因此在本发明中,W的含量以焊丝总质量计限制在4.0质量%以下。另外,优选W的含量以焊丝总质量计为2.0质量%以下。
“Cu:以焊丝总质量计限制在2.0质量%以下”
Cu的添加量即使很微量也会使熔渣剥离性劣化。另外,若添加大量的Cu而使Cu的含量以焊丝的总质量计超过2.0质量%,则熔渣的剥离性劣化,耐气孔性也劣化。因此在本发明中,Cu的含量以焊丝的总质量计限制在2.0质量%以下。另外,优选Cu的含量以焊丝的总质量计为1.0质量%以下。
“Bi2O3:以焊丝总质量计限制在0.01质量%以下”
Bi2O3使熔敷金属中的氧量增加,使焊接部的低温韧性劣化。若Bi2O3的含量以焊丝总质量计超过0.01质量%,则焊接部的低温韧性劣化。因此在本发明中,Bi2O3的含量以焊丝的总质量计限制在0.01质量%以下。另外,优选Bi2O3的含量以焊丝的总质量计为0.005质量%以下。
“上述以外的氧化物:以焊丝总质量计限制在3.0质量%以下”
上述Bi2O3、TiO2、SiO2、ZrO2、Li2O、Na2O和K2O以外的氧化物,例如使熔渣剥离性和耐气孔性这样的熔渣特性劣化,使焊接操作性劣化。若Bi2O3、TiO2、SiO2、ZrO2、Li2O、Na2O和K2O以外的氧化物的含量以焊丝的总质量计超过3.0质量%,则熔渣剥离性劣化,耐气孔性也劣化。因此在本发明中,Bi2O3、TiO2、SiO2、ZrO2、Li2O、Na2O和K2O以外的氧化物的含量以焊丝的总质量计限制在3.0质量%。另外,优选Bi2O3、TiO2、SiO2、ZrO2、Li2O、Na2O和K2O以外的氧化物的含量以焊丝的总质量计在1.2质量%以下。
在本发明中,除了上述的焊丝组成的数值范围以外,还优选焊剂相对于焊丝总质量的质量比,即焊剂率为25.0~40.0质量%。若焊剂率低于25.0质量%,则存在容易发生夹渣等的焊接缺陷的情况,若焊剂率超过40.0捏%,则由于焊丝的强度降低而致使进给性容易劣化,存在不能进行稳定的焊接操作的情况。因此,焊剂率优选为25.0~40.0质量%,更优选焊剂率为30.0~38.0质量%。
另外在本发明中,从生产率的观点出发,作为药芯焊丝的外皮,优选使用以外皮的总质量计,含有Cr:16.0~22.0质量%、Ni:10.0~14.0质量%和Mo:2.0~3.0质量%的不锈钢。将该组成以外的不锈钢作为外皮使用时,有生产率容易降低,成本容易增加的问题。
【实施例】
以下,就满足本发明的范围的实施例,使之与脱离本发明的范围的比较例进行比较来说明其效果。首先,一边使由表1所示的组成的不锈钢构成的厚0.4mm、宽9.0mm的带沿着其纵长方向移动,一边在其上供给焊剂,再使该带沿着宽度方向徐徐弯曲,成形为图1(b)所示的圆筒状,由此在外皮1a(No.A和B)之中填充由金属原料和熔渣成分构成的焊剂1b。对于所得到的药芯焊丝1(No.1~24)进行拉丝加工,使之直径成为1.2mm作为供试焊丝。这时,通过调整焊剂向外皮中的填充率和焊剂的组成,制作具有表2-1和表2-2所示的组成的各实施例和比较例的药芯焊丝。
【表1】
【表2-1】
【表2-2】
使用以前述的方法制造的No.1~24的不锈钢电弧焊药芯焊丝1,对于具有表3所示的化学组成的焊接母材进行下向焊接、立向焊接和上向焊接,对于焊接操作性进行评价。图2(a)是表示下向焊接中的焊接母材的坡口形成的剖面图,图2(b)是表示立向焊接和上向焊接中的焊接母材的坡口形状的剖面图。下向焊接如图2(a)所示,在焊接母材2的端部形成斜面2a,使焊接母材2的斜面2a彼此相向而设置,进行焊接。立向焊接和上向焊接如图2(b)所示,在上板3的侧面3a与焊接母材4所形成的斜面4a侧的端部抵接而进行焊接。这时的焊接条件显示在下述表4中。对于各实施例和比较例的药芯焊丝,根据下向焊接、立向焊接和上向焊接时的电弧稳定性、熔渣剥离性和耐气孔性,就焊接操作性进行评价。另外,对于立向焊接中的立向上性也一并进行评价。关于各实施例和比较例的药芯焊丝的焊接操作性,极其良好的情况评价为◎,良好的情况评价为○,不良的情况评价为×,显示在下述表5中。
【表3】
【表4】
其次,从通过下向焊接而进行了焊接的熔敷金属上,依据ASTM G48法提取试验片,对于该试验片实施点蚀试验,测量CPT(点蚀发生临界温度,Critical Pitting Temperature),据此评价耐点蚀性。CPT为40℃以上的评价为◎,超过35℃、低于40℃的良好的评价为○,35℃以下的评价为×。关于使用各实施例和比较例的药芯焊丝进行焊接的熔敷金属,其耐点蚀性的评价结果一并显示在表5中。
另外,对于以下向焊接对各实施例和比较例进行焊接的相同的熔敷金属,依据JIS Z 3128,以-40℃的温度进行3次摆锤冲击试验,根据测量的吸收能的平均值评价低温气氛下的缺口韧性。还有,来自摆锤冲击试验的3次吸收能的测量值的平均为35J以上的评价为◎,低于35J的评价为×。
然后,作为综合评价,焊接操作性(电弧稳定性、熔渣剥离性、向上立焊焊接性和耐气孔性)及熔敷金属性能(耐孔蚀性和低温韧性)全部项目都符合◎时评价为◎,即使有任意一个项目的评价为×时,综合评价也为×,评价为◎和○时评价为○。
【表5】
如表5所示,实施例No.1~No.9因为药芯焊丝的组成满足本发明的范围,所以与药芯焊丝的组成不满足本发明的范围的比较例No.10~No.24相比,焊接操作性和熔敷金属的性能良好。
比较例No.10,焊丝中的C的含量超过本发明的范围,熔敷金属的耐点蚀性劣化,由于TiO2不足,导致熔渣剥离性劣化。比较例No.11,焊丝中的Ni的含量低于本发明的范围,熔敷金属的低温韧性劣化,由于SiO2不足,导致熔渣剥离性劣化。比较例No.12,焊丝中的Cu的含量超过本发明的范围,焊接操作时的熔渣剥离性劣化,耐气孔性也劣化。
比较例No.13,焊丝中的Bi2O3的含量超过本发明的范围,熔敷金属的低温韧性劣化,SiO2的含量过剩,熔渣剥离性劣化。比较例No.14,由于焊丝中的Mo不足,不能使熔敷金属的耐点蚀性提高,Bi2O3、TiO2、SiO2、ZrO2、Li2O、Na2O和K2O以外的氧化物过剩,焊接时的熔渣剥离性劣化,耐气孔性也劣化。
比较例No.15,焊丝中的N和TiO2的含量超过本发明的范围,焊接部的耐气孔性劣化,TiO2过剩,熔渣剥离性也劣化,另外Ni过剩,低温韧性劣化。另一方面,比较例No.24虽然焊丝中的TiO2的含量超过本发明的范围,焊接部的耐气孔性和熔渣剥离性劣化,但是焊丝中的N的含量满足本发明的范围,熔敷金属的低温韧性良好。
比较例No.16,焊丝中的稀土元素成分的含量超过本发明的范围,熔渣剥离性劣化。这被认为是由于稀土元素的氧化物在熔渣中增加。比较例No.17,焊丝中的Cr的含量超过本发明的范围,低温韧性劣化,由于ZrO2不足,导致熔渣剥离性和向上立焊焊接性劣化。
比较例No.18,焊丝中的Li2O、Na2O和K2O的总量低于本发明的范围,不能取得充分的电弧稳定性,向上立焊焊接性也稍有降低。另外,ZrO2的含有过剩,熔渣的粘性变高,熔渣剥离性劣化。比较例No.19,焊丝中的Cr的含量低于本发明的范围,耐点蚀性劣化,由于过剩的金属氟化物导致电弧稳定性降低。比较例No.20,焊丝中的W的含量超过本发明的范围,熔敷金属的低温韧性劣化。
比较例No.21,由于焊丝中的稀土元素成分的不足而不能提高熔敷金属的低温韧性,耐气孔性也劣化。比较例No.22,焊丝中的Mo的含量超过本发明的范围,熔敷金属的低温韧性劣化。另外,焊丝中的金属氟化物的含量低于本发明的范围,熔渣剥离性和耐气孔性劣化。比较例No.23,焊丝中的N的含量低于本发明的范围,熔敷金属的耐点蚀性劣化。另外,由于Li2O、Na2O和K2O不足,不能充分提高电弧的稳定性。
Claims (1)
1.一种药芯焊丝,是在不锈钢制的外皮中填充有焊剂而成的不锈钢电弧焊药芯焊丝,其特征在于,
以焊丝总质量计含有Cr:22.0~30.0质量%、Ni:6.0~12.0质量%、Mo:2.0~5.0质量%、N:0.20~0.35质量%、TiO2:4.0~9.0质量%、SiO2:0.1~2.0质量%、ZrO2:0.5~4.0质量%,含有总量为0.50~1.50质量%的Li2O、Na2O和K2O,含有以氟量换算值计为0.10~0.90质量%的金属氟化物,以及含有0.10~1.00质量%的稀土元素成分,
C的含量限制在0.04质量%以下,W的含量限制在4.0质量%以下,Cu的含量限制在2.0质量%以下,Bi2O3的含量限制在0.01质量%以下,
所述Bi2O3、TiO2、SiO2、ZrO2、Li2O、Na2O和K2O以外的氧化物的含量以总量计限制在3.0质量%以下。
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JP2011125875A (ja) | 2011-06-30 |
US20110139761A1 (en) | 2011-06-16 |
CN102091881B (zh) | 2015-06-24 |
EP2341159A1 (en) | 2011-07-06 |
EP2341159B1 (en) | 2014-10-22 |
JP4995888B2 (ja) | 2012-08-08 |
KR101178668B1 (ko) | 2012-08-30 |
US8492679B2 (en) | 2013-07-23 |
KR20110068895A (ko) | 2011-06-22 |
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