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a(n) = 3*2^n.
(Formerly M2561)
+10
242
3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, 192, 384, 768, 1536, 3072, 6144, 12288, 24576, 49152, 98304, 196608, 393216, 786432, 1572864, 3145728, 6291456, 12582912, 25165824, 50331648, 100663296, 201326592, 402653184, 805306368, 1610612736, 3221225472, 6442450944, 12884901888
OFFSET
0,1
COMMENTS
Same as Pisot sequences E(3, 6), L(3, 6), P(3, 6), T(3, 6). See A008776 for definitions of Pisot sequences.
Numbers k such that A006530(A000010(k)) = A000010(A006530(k)) = 2. - Labos Elemer, May 07 2002
Also least number m such that 2^n is the smallest proper divisor of m which is also a suffix of m in binary representation, see A080940. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 25 2003
Length of the period of the sequence Fibonacci(k) (mod 2^(n+1)). - Benoit Cloitre, Mar 12 2003
The sequence of first differences is this sequence itself. - Alexandre Wajnberg and Eric Angelini, Sep 07 2005
Subsequence of A122132. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Aug 21 2006
Apart from the first term, a subsequence of A124509. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Nov 04 2006
Total number of Latin n-dimensional hypercubes (Latin polyhedra) of order 3. - Kenji Ohkuma (k-ookuma(AT)ipa.go.jp), Jan 10 2007
Number of different ternary hypercubes of dimension n. - Edwin Soedarmadji (edwin(AT)systems.caltech.edu), Dec 10 2005
For n >= 1, a(n) is equal to the number of functions f:{1, 2, ..., n + 1} -> {1, 2, 3} such that for fixed, different x_1, x_2,...,x_n in {1, 2, ..., n + 1} and fixed y_1, y_2,...,y_n in {1, 2, 3} we have f(x_i) <> y_i, (i = 1,2,...,n). - Milan Janjic, May 10 2007
a(n) written in base 2: 11, 110, 11000, 110000, ..., i.e.: 2 times 1, n times 0 (see A003953). - Jaroslav Krizek, Aug 17 2009
Subsequence of A051916. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 20 2010
Numbers containing the number 3 in their Collatz trajectories. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 20 2012
a(n-1) gives the number of ternary numbers with n digits with no two adjacent digits in common; e.g., for n=3 we have 010, 012, 020, 021, 101, 102, 120, 121, 201, 202, 210 and 212. - Jon Perry, Oct 10 2012
If n > 1, then a(n) is a solution for the equation sigma(x) + phi(x) = 3x-4. This equation also has solutions 84, 3348, 1450092, ... which are not of the form 3*2^n. - Farideh Firoozbakht, Nov 30 2013
a(n) is the upper bound for the "X-ray number" of any convex body in E^(n + 2), conjectured by Bezdek and Zamfirescu, and proved in the plane E^2 (see the paper by Bezdek and Zamfirescu). - L. Edson Jeffery, Jan 11 2014
If T is a topology on a set V of size n and T is not the discrete topology, then T has at most 3 * 2^(n-2) many open sets. See Brown and Stephen references. - Ross La Haye, Jan 19 2014
Comment from Charles Fefferman, courtesy of Doron Zeilberger, Dec 02 2014: (Start)
Fix a dimension n. For a real-valued function f defined on a finite set E in R^n, let Norm(f, E) denote the inf of the C^2 norms of all functions F on R^n that agree with f on E. Then there exist constants k and C depending only on the dimension n such that Norm(f, E) <= C*max{ Norm(f, S) }, where the max is taken over all k-point subsets S in E. Moreover, the best possible k is 3 * 2^(n-1).
The analogous result, with the same k, holds when the C^2 norm is replaced, e.g., by the C^1, alpha norm (0 < alpha <= 1). However, the optimal analogous k, e.g., for the C^3 norm is unknown.
For the above results, see Y. Brudnyi and P. Shvartsman (1994). (End)
Also, coordination sequence for (infinity, infinity, infinity) tiling of hyperbolic plane. - N. J. A. Sloane, Dec 29 2015
The average of consecutive powers of 2 beginning with 2^1. - Melvin Peralta and Miriam Ong Ante, May 14 2016
For n > 1, a(n) is the smallest Zumkeller number with n divisors that are also Zumkeller numbers (A083207). - Ivan N. Ianakiev, Dec 09 2016
Also, for n >= 2, the number of length-n strings over the alphabet {0,1,2,3} having only the single letters as nonempty palindromic subwords. (Corollary 21 in Fleischer and Shallit) - Jeffrey Shallit, Dec 02 2019
Also, a(n) is the minimum link-length of any covering trail, circuit, path, and cycle for the set of the 2^(n+2) vertices of an (n+2)-dimensional hypercube. - Marco Ripà, Aug 22 2022
The known fixed points of maps n -> A163511(n) and n -> A243071(n). [See comments in A163511]. - Antti Karttunen, Sep 06 2023
The finite subsequence a(3), a(4), a(5), a(6) = 24, 48, 96, 192 is one of only two geometric sequences that can be formed with all interior angles (all integer, in degrees) of a simple polygon. The other sequence is a subsequence of A000244 (see comment there). - Felix Huber, Feb 15 2024
A level 1 Sierpiński triangle is a triangle. Level n+1 is formed from three copies of level n by identifying pairs of corner vertices of each pair of triangles. For n>2, a(n-3) is the radius of the level n Sierpiński triangle graph. - Allan Bickle, Aug 03 2024
REFERENCES
Jason I. Brown, Discrete Structures and Their Interactions, CRC Press, 2013, p. 71.
T. Ito, Method, equipment, program and storage media for producing tables, Publication number JP2004-272104A, Japan Patent Office (written in Japanese, a(2)=12, a(3)=24, a(4)=48, a(5)=96, a(6)=192, a(7)=384 (a(7)=284 was corrected)).
Kenji Ohkuma, Atsuhiro Yamagishi and Toru Ito, Cryptography Research Group Technical report, IT Security Center, Information-Technology Promotion Agency, JAPAN.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
LINKS
K. Bezdek and Tudor Zamfirescu, A Characterization of 3-dimensional Convex Sets with an Infinite X-ray Number, in: Coll. Math. Soc. J. Bolyai 63., Intuitive Geometry, Szeged (Hungary), North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1991, pp. 33-38.
Allan Bickle, Properties of Sierpinski Triangle Graphs, Springer PROMS 448 (2021) 295-303.
Yuri Brudnyi and Pavel Shvartsman, Generalizations of Whitney's extension theorem, International Mathematics Research Notices 1994.3 (1994): 129-139.
J. W. Cannon and P. Wagreich, Growth functions of surface groups, Mathematische Annalen, 1992, Volume 293, pp. 239-257. See Prop. 3.1.
Tomislav Došlić, Kepler-Bouwkamp Radius of Combinatorial Sequences, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 17, 2014, #14.11.3.
Lukas Fleischer and Jeffrey Shallit, Words With Few Palindromes, Revisited, arxiv preprint arXiv:1911.12464 [cs.FL], November 27 2019.
A. Hinz, S. Klavzar, and S. Zemljic, A survey and classification of Sierpinski-type graphs, Discrete Applied Mathematics 217 3 (2017), 565-600.
Tanya Khovanova, Recursive Sequences
Roberto Rinaldi and Marco Ripà, Optimal cycles enclosing all the nodes of a k-dimensional hypercube, arXiv:2212.11216 [math.CO], 2022.
Edwin Soedarmadji, Latin Hypercubes and MDS Codes, Discrete Mathematics, Volume 306, Issue 12, Jun 28 2006, Pages 1232-1239
D. Stephen, Topology on Finite Sets, American Mathematical Monthly, 75: 739 - 741, 1968.
FORMULA
G.f.: 3/(1-2*x).
a(n) = 2*a(n - 1), n > 0; a(0) = 3.
a(n) = Sum_{k = 0..n} (-1)^(k reduced (mod 3))*binomial(n, k). - Benoit Cloitre, Aug 20 2002
a(n) = A118416(n + 1, 2) for n > 1. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 27 2006
a(n) = A000079(n) + A000079(n + 1). - Zerinvary Lajos, May 12 2007
a(n) = A000079(n)*3. - Omar E. Pol, Dec 16 2008
From Paul Curtz, Feb 05 2009: (Start)
a(n) = b(n) + b(n+3) for b = A001045, A078008, A154879.
a(n) = abs(b(n) - b(n+3)) with b(n) = (-1)^n*A084247(n). (End)
a(n) = 2^n + 2^(n + 1). - Jaroslav Krizek, Aug 17 2009
a(n) = A173786(n + 1, n) = A173787(n + 2, n). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 28 2010
A216022(a(n)) = 6 and A216059(a(n)) = 7, for n > 0. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Sep 01 2012
a(n) = (A000225(n) + 1)*3. - Martin Ettl, Nov 11 2012
E.g.f.: 3*exp(2*x). - Ilya Gutkovskiy, May 15 2016
A020651(a(n)) = 2. - Yosu Yurramendi, Jun 01 2016
a(n) = sqrt(A014551(n + 1)*A014551(n + 2) + A014551(n)^2). - Ezhilarasu Velayutham, Sep 01 2019
a(A048672(n)) = A225546(A133466(n)). - Michel Marcus and Peter Munn, Nov 29 2019
Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = 2/3. - Amiram Eldar, Oct 28 2020
MAPLE
A007283:=n->3*2^n; seq(A007283(n), n=0..50); # Wesley Ivan Hurt, Dec 03 2013
MATHEMATICA
Table[3(2^n), {n, 0, 32}] (* Alonso del Arte, Mar 24 2011 *)
PROG
(PARI) a(n)=3*2^n
(PARI) a(n)=3<<n \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Oct 10 2012
(Magma) [3*2^n: n in [0..30]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, May 18 2011
(Haskell)
a007283 = (* 3) . (2 ^)
a007283_list = iterate (* 2) 3
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 18 2012, Feb 20 2012
(Maxima) A007283(n):=3*2^n$
makelist(A007283(n), n, 0, 30); /* Martin Ettl, Nov 11 2012 */
(Scala) (List.fill(40)(2: BigInt)).scanLeft(1: BigInt)(_ * _).map(3 * _) // Alonso del Arte, Nov 28 2019
(Python)
def A007283(n): return 3<<n # Chai Wah Wu, Feb 14 2023
CROSSREFS
Subsequence of the following sequences: A029744, A029747, A029748, A029750, A362804 (after 3), A364494, A364496, A364289, A364291, A364292, A364295, A364497, A364964, A365422.
Essentially same as A003945 and A042950.
Row sums of (5, 1)-Pascal triangle A093562 and of (1, 5) Pascal triangle A096940.
Cf. Latin squares: A000315, A002860, A003090, A040082, A003191; Latin cubes: A098843, A098846, A098679, A099321.
KEYWORD
easy,nonn
STATUS
approved
a(n) = (3^n - 3)/2.
+10
37
0, 3, 12, 39, 120, 363, 1092, 3279, 9840, 29523, 88572, 265719, 797160, 2391483, 7174452, 21523359, 64570080, 193710243, 581130732, 1743392199, 5230176600, 15690529803, 47071589412, 141214768239
OFFSET
1,2
COMMENTS
Also the number of 2-block covers of a labeled n-set. a(n) = A055154(n,2). Generally, number of k-block covers of a labeled n-set is T(n,k) = (1/k!)*Sum_{i = 1..k + 1} Stirling1(k + 1,i)*(2^(i - 1) - 1)^n. In particular, T(n,2) = (1/2!)*(3^n - 3), T(n,3) = (1/3!)*(7^n - 6*3^n + 11), T(n,4) = (1/4)!*(15^n - 10*7^n + 35*3^n - 50), ... - Vladeta Jovovic, Jan 19 2001
Conjectured to be the number of integers from 0 to 10^(n-1) - 1 that lack 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 as a digit. - Alexandre Wajnberg, Apr 25 2005. This is easily verified to be true. - Renzo Benedetti, Sep 25 2008
Number of monic irreducible polynomials of degree 1 in GF(3)[x1,...,xn]. - Max Alekseyev, Jan 23 2006
Also, the greatest number of identical weights among which an odd one can be identified and it can be decided if the odd one is heavier or lighter, using n weighings with a comparing balance. If the odd one only needs to be identified, the sequence starts 4, 13, 40 and is A003462 (3^n - 1)/2, n > 1. - Tanya Khovanova, Dec 11 2006; corrected by Samuel E. Rhoads, Apr 18 2016
Binomial transform yields A134057. Inverse binomial transform yields A062510 with one additional 0 in front. - R. J. Mathar, Jun 18 2008
Numbers k where the recurrence s(0)=0, if s(k-1) >= k then s(k) = s(k-1) - k otherwise s(k) = s(k-1) + k produces s(k) = 0. - Hugo Pfoertner, Jan 05 2012
For n > 1: A008344(a(n)) = a(n). - Reinhard Zumkeller, May 09 2012
Also the number of edges in the (n-1)-Hanoi graph. - Eric W. Weisstein, Jun 18 2017
A level 1 Sierpiński triangle graph is a triangle. Level n+1 is formed from three copies of level n by identifying pairs of corner vertices of each pair of triangles. a(n) is the number of degree 4 vertices in the level n Sierpinski triangle graph. - Allan Bickle, Jul 30 2020
Also the number of minimum vertex cuts in the n-Apollonian network. - Eric W. Weisstein, Dec 20 2020
LINKS
Allan Bickle, Properties of Sierpinski Triangle Graphs, Springer PROMS 448 (2021) 295-303.
Natalia Agudelo Muñetón, Agustín Moreno Cañadas, Pedro Fernando Fernández Espinosa, and Isaías David Marín Gaviria, Brauer Configuration Algebras and Their Applications in Graph Energy Theory, Mathematics (2021) Vol. 9, 3042.
A. Born, C. A. J. Hukrnes, and G. J. Woeginger, How to detect a counterfeit coin: adaptive versus non-adaptive solutions, Inf. Proc. Lett. 86 (2003) 137-141.
L. Halbeisen and N. Hungerbuhler, The general counterfeit coin problem, Discr. Math 147 (1-3) (1995) 139-150, Theorem 1 with b=1.
A. Hinz, S. Klavzar, and S. Zemljic, A survey and classification of Sierpinski-type graphs, Discrete Applied Mathematics 217 3 (2017), 565-600.
B. Manvel, Counterfeit coin problems, Math. Mag. 50 (2) (1977) 90-92, theorem 2.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Apollonian Network
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Edge Count
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Hanoi Graph
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Minimum Vertex Cut
FORMULA
a(n) = 3*a(n-1) + 3. - Alexandre Wajnberg, Apr 25 2005
O.g.f: 3*x^2/((1-x)*(1-3*x)). - R. J. Mathar, Jun 18 2008
a(n) = 3^(n-1) + a(n-1) (with a(1)=0). - Vincenzo Librandi, Nov 18 2010
a(n) = 3*A003462(n-1). - R. J. Mathar, Sep 10 2015
E.g.f.: 3*(-1 + exp(2*x))*exp(x)/2. - Ilya Gutkovskiy, Apr 19 2016
a(n) = A067771(n-1) - 3. - Allan Bickle, Jul 30 2020
a(n) = sigma(A008776(n-2)) for n>=2. - Flávio V. Fernandes, Apr 20 2021
EXAMPLE
For the Sierpiński triangle, Level 1 is a triangle, so a(1) = 0.
Level 2 has three corners (degree 2) and three degree 4 vertices, so a(2) = 3.
The level 2 Hanoi graph has 3 triangles joined by 3 edges, so a(2+1) = 12.
MAPLE
a:=n->sum(3^j, j=1..n): seq(a(n), n=0..23); # Zerinvary Lajos, Jun 27 2007
MATHEMATICA
Table[(3^n - 3)/2, {n, 24}] (* Alonso del Arte, Dec 29 2014 *)
PROG
(Magma) [(3^n-3)/2: n in [1..30]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Jun 05 2011
(PARI) a(n)=(3^n-3)\2 \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Apr 17 2012
(Haskell)
a029858 = (`div` 2) . (subtract 3) . (3 ^)
a029858_list = iterate ((+ 3) . (* 3)) 0
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, May 09 2012
CROSSREFS
Cf. A007283, A029858, A067771, A233774, A233775, A246959 (Sierpiński triangle graphs).
Cf. A000225, A029858, A058809, A375256 (Hanoi graphs).
KEYWORD
nonn,easy
EXTENSIONS
Corrected by T. D. Noe, Nov 07 2006
STATUS
approved
Number of vertices in Sierpiński triangle of order n.
+10
22
3, 6, 15, 42, 123, 366, 1095, 3282, 9843, 29526, 88575, 265722, 797163, 2391486, 7174455, 21523362, 64570083, 193710246, 581130735, 1743392202, 5230176603, 15690529806, 47071589415, 141214768242, 423644304723, 1270932914166
OFFSET
0,1
COMMENTS
An order 0 Sierpiński triangle is a triangle. Order n+1 is formed from three copies of order n by identifying pairs of corner vertices of each pair of triangles. - Allan Bickle, Aug 03 2024
This sequence represents another link from the product factor space Q X Q / {(1,1), (-1, -1)} to Sierpiński's triangle. The first "link" found was to sequence A048473. - Creighton Dement, Aug 05 2004
a(n) equals the number of orbits of the finite group PSU(3,3^n) on subsets of size 3 of the 3^(3n)+1 isotropic points of a unitary 3 space. - Paul M. Bradley, Jan 31 2017
For n >= 1, number of edges in a planar Apollonian graph at iteration n. - Andrew D. Walker, Jul 08 2017
Also the total domination number of the (n+3)-Dorogovtsev-Goltsev-Mendes graph, using the convention DGM(0) = P_2. - Eric W. Weisstein, Jan 14 2024
REFERENCES
Peter Wessendorf and Kristina Downing, personal communication.
LINKS
Allan Bickle, Properties of Sierpinski Triangle Graphs, Springer PROMS 448 (2021) 295-303.
A. Hinz, S. Klavzar, and S. Zemljic, A survey and classification of Sierpinski-type graphs, Discrete Applied Mathematics 217 3 (2017), 565-600.
András Kaszanyitzky, Triangular fractal approximating graphs and their covering paths and cycles, arXiv:1710.09475 [math.CO], 2017. See Table 2.
C. Lanius, Fractals.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Dorogovtsev-Goltsev-Mendes Graph.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Sierpiński Gasket Graph.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Total Domination Number.
FORMULA
a(n) = (3/2)*(3^n + 1).
a(n) = 3 + 3^1 + 3^2 + 3^3 + 3^4 + ... + 3^n = 3 + Sum_{k=1..n} 3^n.
a(n) = 3*A007051(n).
a(0) = 3, a(n) = a(n-1) + 3^n. a(n) = (3/2)*(1+3^n). - Zak Seidov, Mar 19 2007
a(n) = 4*a(n-1) - 3*a(n-2).
G.f.: 3*(1-2*x)/((1-x)*(1-3*x)). - Colin Barker, Jan 10 2012
a(n) = A233774(2^n). - Omar E. Pol, Dec 16 2013
a(n) = 3*a(n-1) - 3. - Zak Seidov, Oct 26 2014
E.g.f.: 3*(exp(x) + exp(3*x))/2. - Stefano Spezia, Feb 09 2021
a(n) = A029858(n+1) + 3. - Allan Bickle, Aug 03 2024
EXAMPLE
Order 0 is a triangle, so a(0) = 3.
Order 1 has three corners (degree 2) and three other vertices, so a(1) = 6.
3 example graphs: o
/ \
o---o
/ \ / \
o o---o---o
/ \ / \ / \
o o---o o---o o---o
/ \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \
o---o o---o---o o---o---o---o---o
Graph: S_1 S_2 S_3
Vertices: 3 6 15
Edges: 3 9 27
MATHEMATICA
LinearRecurrence[{4, -3}, {3, 6}, 26] (* or *)
CoefficientList[Series[3 (1 - 2 x)/((1 - x) (1 - 3 x)), {x, 0, 25}], x] (* Michael De Vlieger, Feb 02 2017 *)
Table[3/2 (3^n + 1), {n, 0, 20}] (* Eric W. Weisstein, Jan 14 2024 *)
3/2 (3^Range[0, 20] + 1) (* Eric W. Weisstein, Jan 14 2024 *)
PROG
(Magma) [(3/2)*(1+3^n): n in [0..30]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Jun 20 2011
CROSSREFS
Cf. A048473.
Cf. A007283, A029858, A067771, A193277, A233774, A233775, A246959 (Sierpiński triangle graphs).
KEYWORD
nonn,easy
AUTHOR
Martin Wessendorf (martinw(AT)mail.ahc.umn.edu), Feb 09 2002
EXTENSIONS
More terms from Benoit Cloitre, Feb 22 2002
STATUS
approved
Number of directed Hamiltonian paths in the n-Sierpiński sieve graph that starts at the fixed corner.
+10
5
2, 6, 152, 811008, 15502126646034432, 8348302506064411039310051552485442040121786368
OFFSET
1,1
COMMENTS
Explicit formula and asymptotic are given by Chang and Chen (2011).
a(7) contains 134 decimal digits.
LINKS
S.-C. Chang, L.-C. Chen. Hamiltonian walks on the Sierpinski gasket, J. Math. Phys. 52 (2011), 023301. doi:10.1063/1.3545358. See also, arXiv:0909.5541 [cond-mat.stat-mech], 2009.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Hamiltonian Path
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Sierpiński Sieve Graph
MATHEMATICA
a[n_] := Module[{m}, If[n == 1, Return[2]]; m = 3^(n-2); 2^m*3^((m-1)/2)* (7*17/(2^4*3^3)*4^(n-1) + 2^2*13/3^3 - If[n == 2, 1/(2^2*3^2), 0])];
Array[a, 6] (* Jean-François Alcover, Dec 04 2018, from PARI *)
PROG
(PARI) A246958(n) = if(n==1, return(2)); my(m=3^(n-2)); 2^m * 3^((m-1)/2) * ( 7*17/(2^4*3^3)*4^(n-1) + 2^2*13/(3^3) - if(n==2, 1/(2^2*3^2) ) )
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
nonn
AUTHOR
Max Alekseyev, Sep 08 2014
STATUS
approved
Numbers of directed Hamiltonian paths in the n-Sierpinski sieve graph.
+10
4
6, 24, 1104, 13957632, 859428866274361344, 1736323895937560083755071573748292907445157625856
OFFSET
1,1
COMMENTS
Explicit formula and asymptotic are given by Chang and Chen (2011).
a(7) contains 137 decimal digits.
LINKS
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Hamiltonian Path
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Sierpinski Sieve Graph
S.-C. Chang, L.-C. Chen. Hamiltonian walks on the Sierpinski gasket, J. Math. Phys. 52 (2011), 023301. doi:10.1063/1.3545358. arXiv:0909.5541
FORMULA
a(n) = A246957(n)*2.
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
nonn
AUTHOR
Eric W. Weisstein, Dec 28 2013
EXTENSIONS
a(5)-a(6) added by Max Alekseyev, Sep 08 2014
STATUS
approved
Numbers of (undirected) Hamiltonian paths in the n-Sierpiński gasket graph.
+10
4
3, 12, 552, 6978816, 429714433137180672, 868161947968780041877535786874146453722578812928
OFFSET
1,1
COMMENTS
Explicit formula and asymptotic are given by Chang and Chen (2011).
a(7) contains 137 decimal digits.
LINKS
S.-C. Chang, L.-C. Chen. Hamiltonian walks on the Sierpinski gasket, J. Math. Phys. 52 (2011), 023301. doi:10.1063/1.3545358. arXiv:0909.5541.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Hamiltonian Path.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Sierpiński Gasket Graph.
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
nonn
AUTHOR
Max Alekseyev, Sep 08 2014
STATUS
approved
Numbers of undirected cycles in the n-Sierpinski sieve graph.
+10
2
1, 11, 1033, 1030304099, 873851166316875626844153297, 531723201747806346628696993678355296791302025810590916630277786972117723914960891
OFFSET
1,2
COMMENTS
Term a(7) has 243 decimal digits and a(8) has 727 decimal digits. - Andrew Howroyd, Jun 18 2017
LINKS
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Graph Cycle
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Sierpinski Sieve Graph
CROSSREFS
KEYWORD
nonn
AUTHOR
Eric W. Weisstein, Dec 28 2013
EXTENSIONS
a(4)-a(6) from Andrew Howroyd, Jun 18 2017
STATUS
approved
Number of Eulerian cycles in the n-Sierpinski sieve graph.
+10
2
1, 16, 102400, 40823664148480000, 4024143600922674552523331296813921054228480000000000
OFFSET
1,2
COMMENTS
A level 1 Sierpiński triangle is a triangle. Level n+1 is formed from three copies of level n by identifying pairs of corner vertices of each pair of triangles.
Different starting points and directions do not make two circuits distinct. - Allan Bickle, Aug 06 2024
a(6) has 157 decimal digits. - Andrew Howroyd, Sep 10 2019
LINKS
A. Hinz, S. Klavzar, and S. Zemljic, A survey and classification of Sierpinski-type graphs, Discrete Applied Mathematics 217 3 (2017), 565-600.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Eulerian Cycle
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Sierpinski Sieve Graph
EXAMPLE
3 example graphs: o
/ \
o---o
/ \ / \
o o---o---o
/ \ / \ / \
o o---o o---o o---o
/ \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \
o---o o---o---o o---o---o---o---o
Graph: S_1 S_2 S_3
A triangle has a single Eulerian circuit, so a(1) = 1.
The level 2 graph has 16 distinct circuits, 12 that reverse at a middle vertex and 4 that don't, so a(2) = 16.
MATHEMATICA
NestList[Function[{e, f, g}, {16 e^3 + 48 f e^2, 3 e^3 + (32 f + 8 g) e^2 + 56 f^2 e, e^3 + (30 f + 12 g) e^2 + (156 f^2 + 96 g f) e + 112 f^3}] @@ # &, {1, 0, 0}, 5][[All, 1]] (* Eric W. Weisstein, Feb 02 2024 based on code from Andrew Howroyd *)
PROG
(PARI)
P(u)={my([e, f, g]=u); [16*e^3 + 48*f*e^2, 3*e^3 + (32*f + 8*g)*e^2 + 56*f^2*e, e^3 + (30*f + 12*g)*e^2 + (156*f^2 + 96*g*f)*e + 112*f^3]}
a(n)={my(u=[1, 0, 0]); for(n=2, n, u=P(u)); u[1]} \\ Andrew Howroyd, Sep 12 2019
CROSSREFS
Cf. A007283, A029858, A067771, A193277, A233774, A233775, A246959 (Sierpiński triangle graphs).
KEYWORD
nonn
AUTHOR
Eric W. Weisstein, Jan 14 2018
EXTENSIONS
a(4)-a(5) from Andrew Howroyd, Sep 10 2019
STATUS
approved
Number of pairs of antipodal vertices in the level n>1 Sierpiński triangle graph.
+10
2
6, 15, 42, 132, 456, 1680, 6432, 25152, 99456, 395520, 1577472, 6300672, 25184256, 100700160, 402726912, 1610760192, 6442745856, 25770393600, 103080394752, 412319219712, 1649272160256, 6597079203840, 26388297940992, 105553154015232, 422212540563456, 1688850011258880, 6755399743045632
OFFSET
2,1
COMMENTS
A level 1 Sierpiński triangle graph is a triangle. Level n+1 is formed from three copies of level n by identifying pairs of corner vertices of each pair of triangles.
Antipodal vertices are a pair of vertices at maximum distance in a graph. The diameter of the level n Sierpiński triangle graph is 2^(n-1).
LINKS
Allan Bickle, Properties of Sierpinski Triangle Graphs, Springer PROMS 448 (2021) 295-303.
A. Hinz, S. Klavzar, and S. Zemljic, A survey and classification of Sierpinski-type graphs, Discrete Applied Mathematics 217 3 (2017), 565-600.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Sierpiński Gasket Graph
FORMULA
a(n) = 3*2^(n-3)*(2^(n-2)+3).
a(n) = 3*A257273(n-2).
a(n) = A375256(n-1) + 3.
EXAMPLE
3 example graphs: o
/ \
o---o
/ \ / \
o o---o---o
/ \ / \ / \
o o---o o---o o---o
/ \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \
o---o o---o---o o---o---o---o---o
Graph: S_1 S_2 S_3
For S_2, there are 3 pairs of corners and 3 pairs of a corner and a middle vertex, so a(2) = 6.
MATHEMATICA
A370933[n_] := 3*2^(n - 3)*(2^(n - 2) + 3);
Array[A370933, 30, 2] (* or *)
LinearRecurrence[{6, -8}, {6, 15}, 30] (* Paolo Xausa, Sep 23 2024 *)
PROG
(PARI) a(n) = 3*2^(n-3)*(2^(n-2)+3); \\ Michel Marcus, Aug 08 2024
CROSSREFS
Cf. A007283, A029858, A067771, A193277, A233774, A233775, A246959, A298202 (Sierpiński triangle graphs).
Cf. A375256 (antipodal pairs in Hanoi graphs).
KEYWORD
nonn,easy
AUTHOR
Allan Bickle, Aug 07 2024
EXTENSIONS
More terms from Michel Marcus, Aug 08 2024
STATUS
approved

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