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The Lake Van basin and its surroundings (36,500 km 2) in the eastern Turkey have not been investigated adequately in terms of earthquake vulnerability, and pre-earthquake preparedness. In this study, a digital terrain model (DTM) of the... more
The Lake Van basin and its surroundings (36,500 km 2) in the eastern Turkey have not been investigated adequately in terms of earthquake vulnerability, and pre-earthquake preparedness. In this study, a digital terrain model (DTM) of the Lake Van region was developed combining an ASTER digital elevation model (DEM), Landsat-7 ETM+ imagery, remote sensing techniques, and geographical information systems. Terrain characteristics derived from DTM with DEM, and a 3-D land-use and land-cover fly-through view such as fault zones, drainage patterns, lineaments, and landforms were interpreted in terms of earthquake vulnerability. Our results indicate that the directions of Mus-Tatvan (Mus thrust), Bitlis thrust, and Ercis-Patnos-Malazgirt-Varto-Karliova along with Van and Ercis possess the highest risk of earthquake hazards.
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The study presents a new methodology to quantify spatiotemporal dynamics of climate change vulnerability at a regional scale adopting a new conceptual model of vulnerability as a function of climate change impacts, ecological stability,... more
The study presents a new methodology to quantify spatiotemporal dynamics of climate change vulnerability at a regional scale adopting a new conceptual model of vulnerability as a function of climate change impacts, ecological stability, and socioeconomic stability. Spatiotemporal trends of equally weighted proxy variables for the three vulnerability components were generated to develop a composite climate change vulnerability index (CCVI) for a Mediterranean region of Turkey combining Landsat time series data, digital elevation model (DEM)-derived data, ordinary kriging, and geographical information system. Climate change impact was based on spatiotemporal trends of August land surface temperature (LST) between 1987 and 2016. Ecological stability was based on DEM, slope, aspect, and spatiotemporal trends of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), while socioeconomic stability was quantified as a function of spatiotemporal trends of land cover, population density, per capita gross domestic product, and illiteracy. The zones ranked on the five classes of no-to-extreme vulnerability were identified where highly and moderately vulnerable lands covered 0.02% (12 km 2) and 11.8% (6374 km 2) of the study region, respectively, mostly occurring in the interior central part. The adoption of this composite CCVI approach is expected to lead to spatiotemporally dynamic policy recommendations towards sustainability and tailor preventive and mitigative measures to locally specific characteristics of coupled ecological–socioeconomic systems.
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The provision of diverse ecosystem goods and services by lakes is vital to ecosystem health and economic well-being of nations or regions. Securing ecologically safe lake water quality and quantity through sustainable uses and management... more
The provision of diverse ecosystem goods and services by lakes is vital to ecosystem health and economic well-being of nations or regions. Securing ecologically safe lake water quality and quantity through sustainable uses and management practices concerns both present and future generations. The present study quantifies long-term impacts of human-induced disturbances including climate change on water surface areas of the 18 largest Turkish lakes. Spatiotemporal change detection analysis was carried out using long-term Landsat time series data between 1973 and 2014 with the aid of geographical information systems (GIS). Supervised and unsupervised classification techniques were combined to temporally differentiate and spatially delineate lake water surface areas using ancillary data. Over the period of about 40 years, lake surface area decreased for 15 lakes at a mean annual rate of 0.96 km2 but increased for three lakes at a mean annual rate of 0.17 km2. These spatiotemporal changes may be attributed to such human-induced pressures as drought, sectoral water uses/withdrawals, draining, and landfilling. These changes in turn lead to losses of or damages to both marketable and non-marketable ecosystem benefits that the lakes provide with humans at the local to-regional spatial scales in the long-to-short-term temporal scales. The integration of remote sensing and GIS techniques adopted in this study allows for dynamic monitoring of not only lake water quality and quantity but also other natural resources, thus facilitating a timely and effective development of preventive and mitigative measures.
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The main objective of this study was to quantify nutrient transport dynamics of a previously ungauged, temperate watershed (145 km 2) surrounding a shallow eutrophic lake and discern lake response to external nutrient loading, based on... more
The main objective of this study was to quantify nutrient transport dynamics of a previously ungauged, temperate watershed (145 km 2) surrounding a shallow eutrophic lake and discern lake response to external nutrient loading, based on soil water assessment tool (SWAT) and the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) empirical lake models, respectively. A SWAT model was used to simulate baseline nutrient dynamics after its calibration and validation against daily tributary flow, total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), total phosphorus (TP), and nitrate (NO 3) loads. On the watershed scale, median annual TDP, TP, and NO 3 losses were 0.4, 1.1, and 2.0 kg ha −1 , respectively. The highest median annual TP and NO 3 losses were estimated at 3.7 and 7.7 kg ha −1 for pastureland and 1.7 and 3.8 kg ha −1 for cropland and mixed forests, respectively. Baseflow was the major nutrient transport pathway over a wide range of precipitation events (450 to 900 mm yr −1). Erosion was the predominant surface process exporting P across the watershed. Critical source areas (CSAs) of TP and NO 3 comprised 17% and 4% of the watershed, respectively. Annual mean TP, and mean and maximum chlorophyll content indicated a hyper-eutrophication risk for the lake. An external P load reduction by excess of 80% could be necessary to restore mesotrophy in the lake. Our results suggested that subsurface P transport should not be overlooked a priori when groundwater-dependent and extensively farmed watersheds are managed for eutrophication abatement.
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S This study aims to model spatiotemporal variability of indoor radon (222 Rn) concentrations measured for one year from May 2012 to May 2013 in the built environment of Abant Izzet Baysal University. There exist a few studies about... more
S This study aims to model spatiotemporal variability of indoor radon (222 Rn) concentrations measured for one year from May 2012 to May 2013 in the built environment of Abant Izzet Baysal University. There exist a few studies about data-driven modeling of spatiotemporal dynamics of indoor radon and their validation. Mean indoor radon concentration varied spatially between 14 ± 8.5 Bq/m 3 and 28.5 ± 17.5 Bq/m 3 and on a monthly basis between 37.3 ± 21.6 Bq/m 3 in September and 13.1 ± 7.7 Bq/m 3 in April, and on a seasonal basis between 23.4 ± 18.4 Bq/m 3 for the summer period of June to September and 13.3 ± 7.9 Bq/m 3 for the spring period of April to May. The best-fit multiple non-linear regression (MNLR) model developed in this study elucidated 57.9% (R 2
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Cottonseed cake as a low-cost and abundant by-product in Turkey was utilized as an adsorbent for the decolorization of Reactive Blue 19 (RB19) and Reactive Yellow 145 (RY145) from aqueous solution based on adsorption and... more
Cottonseed cake as a low-cost and abundant by-product in Turkey was utilized as an adsorbent for the decolorization of Reactive Blue 19 (RB19) and Reactive Yellow 145 (RY145) from aqueous solution based on adsorption and ultrasound-assisted adsorption. This study modeled effects of the following six factors on decolorization efficiency: the two process types, six initial pH values, three adsorbent concentrations, four temperatures, eleven reaction times, and five and eight initial dye concentrations of RY145 and RB19, respectively. The maximum decolorization efficiency was obtained consistently with ultrasound-assisted adsorption at the lowest initial dye concentration (300 mg/L of RB19 and 200 mg/L of RY145), the highest cottonseed cake concentration (1.5 g/L), and the highest temperature (55 o C). The best-fit multiple non-linear regression models were cross-validated accounting for 90.8% to 97.2% of variation in decolorization efficiency. Maximum adsorption capacities of cottonseed cake were estimated at 330.7 mg/g and 231.5 mg/g for RY145 and RB19, respectively. The adsorption kinetics of RB19 and RY145 on cottonseed cake was of endothermic and spontaneous nature.
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Photosynthesis and transpiration rates of wheat leaves (Triticum aestivum L.) were measured at 30 min intervals under Mediterranean field conditions, using Photosynthesis Monitor system (PM-48M). The dynamics of net photosynthetic rate... more
Photosynthesis and transpiration rates of wheat leaves (Triticum aestivum L.) were measured at 30 min intervals under Mediterranean field conditions, using Photosynthesis Monitor system (PM-48M). The dynamics of net photosynthetic rate (P(N)), transpiration rate (E(T)), water use efficiency (WUE), light use efficiency (LUE), stomatal conductance (g(s)), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), air temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), and atmospheric CO2 concentration (Catm) were quantified at five rainfed wheat sites with the same stages of development (midflowering) along south-to-north and east-to-west transects for eight days in April. Diurnal P(N) (3.6 to 6.6 micromol m(-2) s(-1)), PAR (392 to 564 micromol m2 sec(-1)), LUE (0.006 to 0.015) and WUE (0.0001 to 0.011) did not vary significantly across all five wheat sites (p > 0.05). P(N) and E(T) were strongly coupled and highly correlated with PAR (p < 0.001). Best multiple linear regression (MLR) models accounted for...
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Summary The study was aimed at inferring spatial patterns of climatic zones as well as identifying significant discriminating bioclimatic controls for distribution of major ecosystems in Turkey, based on multivariate analyses. A total of... more
Summary The study was aimed at inferring spatial patterns of climatic zones as well as identifying significant discriminating bioclimatic controls for distribution of major ecosystems in Turkey, based on multivariate analyses. A total of 12 climate variables and 11 bioclimatic indices for the period of 1968–2004 at 272 meteorological stations, and four location data (latitudes, longitudes, altitudes, and distance to sea)
Research Interests: Climate variability, Principal Component Analysis, Middle East, Atmospheric sciences, Discriminant Analysis, and 13 moreEcosystems, Cluster Analysis, Principal Components Analysis, Cross Validation, Multiple Linear Regression, Bioclimatology, Hierarchical Clustering, Soil Temperature, Spatial Pattern, Air Temperature, K Means, Ecotone, and Linear Regression
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... Full Research Paper Techno-Economic Analysis of Solar Water Heating Systems in Turkey Can Ertekin 1,*, Recep Kulcu 2 and Fatih Evrendilek 3 1 Department of Agricultural Machinery, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Agriculture, 07070,... more
... Full Research Paper Techno-Economic Analysis of Solar Water Heating Systems in Turkey Can Ertekin 1,*, Recep Kulcu 2 and Fatih Evrendilek 3 1 Department of Agricultural Machinery, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Agriculture, 07070, Antalya, Turkey. ...
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ISSN 1424-8220 © 2007 by MDPI www.mdpi.org/sensors ... Statistical Modeling of Spatio-Temporal Variability in Monthly ... 1 Department of Environmental Engineering, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Golkoy Campus, 14280 Bolu, Turkey; Tel:... more
ISSN 1424-8220 © 2007 by MDPI www.mdpi.org/sensors ... Statistical Modeling of Spatio-Temporal Variability in Monthly ... 1 Department of Environmental Engineering, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Golkoy Campus, 14280 Bolu, Turkey; Tel: +90 374 253 4640, Fax: +90 374 ...
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... Article Modeling Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Optimum Tilt Angles for Solar Collectors in Turkey Can Ertekin 1, *, Fatih Evrendilek 2 and Recep Kulcu 3 1 Department of Agricultural Machinery, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Agriculture,... more
... Article Modeling Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Optimum Tilt Angles for Solar Collectors in Turkey Can Ertekin 1, *, Fatih Evrendilek 2 and Recep Kulcu 3 1 Department of Agricultural Machinery, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Agriculture, 07070, Antalya, ...
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Research Interests: Mechanical Engineering, Environmental policy, Renewable Energy, Wind Energy, Sustainable Development, and 13 moreEnergy Policy, Geothermal Energy, renewable Energy sources, global Climate change, Solar Energy, Energy demand, Fossil Fuels, Environmental degradation, Energy System, Electric Power, Electricity Generation, Electrical And Electronic Engineering, and Production Rate
National hydrological network data between 1970 and 2002 for 96 stations across 25 water-sheds were used to monitor annual trends in 13 variables: streamflow rates, water tempera-ture, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), sediment... more
National hydrological network data between 1970 and 2002 for 96 stations across 25 water-sheds were used to monitor annual trends in 13 variables: streamflow rates, water tempera-ture, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), sediment concentration and eight nutrient levels (Na, ...
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Big Melen stream is one of the major water resources providing 0.268 [corrected] km(3) year(-1) of drinking and municipal water for Istanbul. Monthly time series data between 1991 and 2004 for 25 chemical, biological, and physical water... more
Big Melen stream is one of the major water resources providing 0.268 [corrected] km(3) year(-1) of drinking and municipal water for Istanbul. Monthly time series data between 1991 and 2004 for 25 chemical, biological, and physical water properties of Big Melen stream were separated into linear trend, seasonality, and error components using additive decomposition models. Water quality index (WQI) derived from 17 water quality variables were used to compare Aksu upstream and Big Melen downstream water quality. Twenty-six additive decomposition models of water quality time series data including WQI had R (2) values ranging from 88% for log(water temperature) (P &lt; or = 0.001) to 3% for log(total dissolved solids) (P &lt; or = 0.026). Linear trend models revealed that total hardness, calcium concentration, and log(nitrite concentration) had the highest rate of increase over time. Tukey&#39;s multiple comparison pointed to significant decreases in 17 water quality variables including WQI of Big Melen downstream relative to those of Aksu upstream (P &lt; or = 0.001). Monitoring changes in water quality on the basis of watersheds through WQI and decomposition analysis of time series data paves the way for an adaptive management process of water resources that can be tailored in response to effectiveness and dynamics of management practices.
Research Interests: Water, Time Series, Water quality, Turkey, Environmental Monitoring, and 13 moreMultidisciplinary, Seasonality, Water Quality Index, Time Series Data, Water Temperature, Environmental monitoring and assessment, Multiple comparisons, Management Practice, Fresh water, Adaptive Management, Water Resource, Water Quality, and Structural Decomposition Analysis
Research Interests: Water quality, Turkey, Satellite Communications, Environmental Monitoring, Multidisciplinary, and 15 moreTemporal dynamics, Chlorophyll, Surface Water, Nitrogen, Multiple Linear Regression, Environmental monitoring and assessment, Dissolved Oxygen, Water Quality, Landsat-7 ETM +, Spacecraft, Silicates, Geographic Information Systems, Chlorophyll a, Bays, and Biological Oxygen Demand
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Research Interests: Remote Sensing, Wetlands, Time Series, Agriculture, Turkey, and 26 moreEnvironmental Monitoring, Urbanization, Ecosystem management, Environmental Pollution, Multidisciplinary, Mediterranean Sea, Land use and land cover, Tragedy of the Commons, Land Cover, Change detection, Land Use, Regional scale, Environmental degradation, Environmental monitoring and assessment, Landsat, Time Factors, Soil Organic Carbon, Land Use Cover Change, Growth rate, Mediterranean region, Conservation of Natural Resources, Large Scale, Landsat-7 ETM +, Geographic Information System, Land Use and Land Cover Change, and Driving force
Research Interests: Turkey, Environmental Monitoring, Risk assessment, Multidisciplinary, Land use and land cover, and 16 moreglobal Climate change, Disasters, Sea level rise, Case Study, Flood Risk, Supervised Classification, Spatial Distribution, Environmental monitoring and assessment, Digital Elevation Model, Risk Assessment, Landsat-7 ETM +, Geographic Information Systems, Maximum Likelihood classification, Mean Sea Level, Multi spectral, and Coastal Area
Research Interests: Climate Change, Water, Water quality, Sustainable Development, Turkey, and 14 moreMultidisciplinary, Watershed Management, River water, Regional scale, Irrigation Water, Water Temperature, Multiple Linear Regression, Environmental monitoring and assessment, Sustainable Management, Spatial Variation, Water Quality, Seasons, Flow Rate, and Electric Conductivity
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The Euphrates and Tigris watersheds originating from Turkey and passing through Syria and Iraq are one of the most important transboundary watersheds in the Middle East. Long-term data (1971 to 2002) from 14 stations over the Euphrates... more
The Euphrates and Tigris watersheds originating from Turkey and passing through Syria and Iraq are one of the most important transboundary watersheds in the Middle East. Long-term data (1971 to 2002) from 14 stations over the Euphrates river and seven stations over the Tigris river were analyzed and compared using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Kendall trend tests, and box-and-whisker plots. The upper Euphrates river had significantly lower values of flow rate (FR), water temperature (WT), electrical conductivity (EC), Cl, and SO4 than did the lower Euphrates river. The middle Euphrates river had significantly higher Na, K, HCO3, Cl, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and boron (B) and lower EC and SO4 than the lower Euphrates river. The upper west Tigris river had higher EC, Ca+Mg, and SO4 and lower FR, Na, and SAR than the lower Tigris river. The upper east Tigris river had higher HCO3 and B and lower FR and WT than the lower Tigris river.
Research Interests: Water quality, Turkey, Environmental Monitoring, Rivers, Multidisciplinary, and 11 moreMiddle East, Water Supply, Watershed Management, Sodium Adsorption Ratio, Water Temperature, Environmental monitoring and assessment, Mann Kendall, Water Quality, Conservation of Natural Resources, Flow Rate, and Electric Conductivity
Protected conventional and organic farming systems for watermelon and melon were compared over a two-year period in the Mediterranean Amik plain of southern Turkey. Yield, fruit quality and growth responses of the vegetable crops were... more
Protected conventional and organic farming systems for watermelon and melon were compared over a two-year period in the Mediterranean Amik plain of southern Turkey. Yield, fruit quality and growth responses of the vegetable crops were measured and compared as a function of conventional management, and three composted sheep-cattle manure treatments of 6 kg m, 12 kg m and 18 kg m. On average, total and marketable yields of watermelon and melon grown organically under low plastic tunnels showed a two-fold increase under the organic treatments of 12 kg m and 18 kg m relative to the protected conventional management system (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in watermelon and melon yields between the manure application levels of 12 and 18 kg m. There were significant changes in mean fruit weight and width between the control and the manure level of 18 kg m for watermelon and in mean stem diameter between the control and the manure levels of 12 and 18 kg m for melon (p < 0.05). Multiple linear regression (MLR) models accounted for about 49% and 52% of variations in marketable yields of melon and watermelon as a function of the control and the manure levels of 12 and 18 kg m, respectively. The findings indicate that protected organic watermelon and melon systems in this Mediterranean region can produce more total and marketable yields than protected conventional systems. Protected organic farming systems can assist in compliance with maximum residue limits imposed on exported agricultural commodities and reduce dependency on industrial fertilizers as well as emissions of fertilizer production-related greenhouse gases.
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The Americas: with special reference to the United States of America MOHAN K. WALL NIRANDER M. SAFAYA AND FATIH EVRENDILEK INTRODUCTION The burgeoning impacts of human activity on the local, regional and global environments have cre-ated... more
The Americas: with special reference to the United States of America MOHAN K. WALL NIRANDER M. SAFAYA AND FATIH EVRENDILEK INTRODUCTION The burgeoning impacts of human activity on the local, regional and global environments have cre-ated a lot of public concern and ...
In this study, we evaluated the use potential and suitability of 27 land mapping units of 4891 ha in Antakya, Turkey for three different land use types: (1) recreation-reforestation, (2) residence and (3) arable farming. For this purpose,... more
In this study, we evaluated the use potential and suitability of 27 land mapping units of 4891 ha in Antakya, Turkey for three different land use types: (1) recreation-reforestation, (2) residence and (3) arable farming. For this purpose, land suitability evaluation was carried out using ...
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This paper reviews the currently available optical sensors, their limitations and opportunities for deployment at Eddy Covariance (EC) sites in Europe. This review is based on the results obtained from an online survey designed and... more
This paper reviews the currently available optical sensors, their limitations and opportunities for deployment at Eddy Covariance (EC) sites in Europe. This review is based on the results obtained from an online survey designed and disseminated by the Co-cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action ESO903-"Spectral Sampling Tools for Vegetation Biophysical Parameters and Flux Measurements in Europe" that provided a complete view on spectral sampling activities carried out within the different research teams in European countries. The results have highlighted that a wide variety of optical sensors are in use at flux sites across Europe, and responses further demonstrated that users were not always fully aware of the key issues underpinning repeatability and the reproducibility of their spectral measurements. The key findings of this survey point towards the need for greater awareness of the need for standardisation and development of a common protocol of optical samp...
Research Interests: Biophysics, Analytical Chemistry, Climate Change, Wireless Sensor Networks, Environmental Monitoring, and 16 moreInternational Cooperation, Climate, Sensors, Europe, Calibration, Light, Questionnaires, Radiometry, Ecosystem, Time Factors, Cost Benefit Analysis, Optics and Photonics, Reproducibility of Results, Conservation of Natural Resources, Electrical And Electronic Engineering, and Automatic data processing
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Göllerin sağladıkları ekosistem ürün ve hizmetleri, ülke veya bölgelerin çevre sağlığı ve ekonomik refahı için hayati öneme sahiptirler. Göl ekosistemlerin sürdürülebilir şekilde yönetimi ile güvence altına alınması hem mevcut hem de... more
Göllerin sağladıkları ekosistem ürün ve hizmetleri, ülke veya bölgelerin çevre sağlığı ve ekonomik refahı için hayati öneme sahiptirler. Göl ekosistemlerin sürdürülebilir şekilde yönetimi ile güvence altına alınması hem mevcut hem de gelecek nesiller için büyük bir önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada iklim değişikliği dâhil beşeri baskıların Türkiye'deki en büyük 18 gölün su yüzey alanı üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Göl su yüzeylerinde meydana gelen değişimler 1973 ile 2014 yılları arasında yer alan zaman serisi şeklindeki Landsat uydu görüntüleri kullanılarak coğrafi bilgi sistemleri (CBS) ile tespit edilmiştir. Temin edilen uydu görüntüleri ArcGIS programı ile destekleyici veriler ışığında yarı eğitimli şekilde sınıflandırılmış ve zamansal-mekânsal değişimler nicelleştirilmiştir. İlk ve son uydu görüntülerin yaklaşık 40 yıllık bir periyot üzerinden karşılaştırılması neticesinde elde ettiğimiz bulgular, üç gölün su yüzeyinde artış olduğunu ve buna karşın 15 gölün su yüzeyinde azalış olduğunu göstermiştir. Göl su miktarındaki değişimler, kuraklık, sektörel (tarımsal, endüstriyel, rekreasyonel ve kentsel) amaçlı su kullanımı/çekimi ve kurutma/doldurma gibi beşeri nedenli çevresel baskılara bağlanabilir. Göl su miktarındaki değişimler göllerin yerel ve bölgesel ölçeklerde sağladığı gerek ticari olarak alınıp satılabilen gerekse de alınıp satılamayan önemli ekosistem hizmetlerinin kısa ve uzun vadede kaybedilmesine, zarar görmesine veya akamete uğramasına yol açmaktadır. Uzaktan algılama ve CBS analiz tekniklerinin entegrasyonu ile göl ekosistemlerinin su miktarı ile kalitesi dinamik olarak izlenebilir ve gerekli iyileştirici ile önleyici müdahaleler etkin bir şekilde kolaylıkla geliştirilebilir. Bu çalışmada benimsenen yaklaşım diğer doğal kaynaklarımız için de zamansal-mekânsal yönden dinamik veri tabanlarının tesisine genelleştirilebilir.