71.Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı, 23-27 Nisan 2018, AnkaraSon yıllarda iklim değişikliğine bağlı su k... more 71.Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı, 23-27 Nisan 2018, AnkaraSon yıllarda iklim değişikliğine bağlı su kullanımının artması ve buna ek olarak aşırı nüfus artışı, yeraltısuyu kullanımını arttırmakta ve su kaynaklarını tehdit etmektedir. Su kaynaklarının sürdürülebilirliğinin sağlanması için barajlar ve yapay göller inşa edilmekte, ancak bu yapıların geniş yüzey alanlarında çok fazla buharlaşma görülmektedir. Dolayısı ile yeraltı suyunun, buharlaşma kayıplarının yaşanmadığı direkt yağış ile beslenen yapay beslenmesi önem kazanmaktadır. Yapay beslenme, havzalardaki suyu fazla buharlaşmadan korur ve su kaynaklarının potansiyelini artırıp, sürdürülebilirliğini sağlar. Bu çalışma kapsamında nümerik metotlar kullanılarak, Alaşehir (Manisa) havzasında alüvyon akiferin beslenmesinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Türkiye’nin batısında yer alan ve ülkenin %2’sini oluşturan Gediz Havzası, önemli bir yeraltı suyu potansiyelinin olduğu ve kullanıldığı alan konumundadır.TUBITAK project number of 115Y06
Determination of the groundwater potential (GWP) and groundwater pollution risk (GWPR) areas is a... more Determination of the groundwater potential (GWP) and groundwater pollution risk (GWPR) areas is a very important tool in the semi-arid regions in the world. Like many countries in the world, most of the major settlements in the cities of Turkey are located in permeable alluvial plains. Therefore, significant groundwater pollution is encountered in an alluvial plain containing settlements and industrial sites. This study focuses on the determination of the GWP and GWPR areas in the Alaşehir sub-basin, which is one of the economically important districts of the Aegean region, located in the Gediz River basin in western Turkey. In this study, the GWP and the GWPR areas were identified and a GWP index map was generated. The GWP areas in the study basin were determined using different proxies as a multi-criteria method based on geographic information system (GIS) integrated with remote sensing (RS). The result of the study indicates that the most GWP locations in the basin are seen in the west and southeast of the study region. Based on these results, it is understood that the significant GWP and GWPR areas are near the big settlement districts such as Alaşehir and Salihli. In particular, the 115-ha organized industrial zone located in the Salihli district is an important factor of the potential for consuming and contaminating water resources. This study method is so important for the selection of both city and industrial areas as well as for regional environmental planning in terms of the GWPR management.
The estimation of groundwater recharge is an essential process for hydrogeological study. Realist... more The estimation of groundwater recharge is an essential process for hydrogeological study. Realistic determination approach is crucial for assessing groundwater potential in an aquifer system and estimating of groundwater levels and/or changes in dry periods. Based on these matters, we employ a GIS-integrated groundwater level fluctuation method to determine the groundwater recharge for a hydrological period in the Alaşehir alluvial aquifer (W. Anatolia). The method basically takes into account both increasing and decreasing of the groundwater levels due to the recharge and discharge mechanisms in the aquifer. In this study, 16 pumping and monitoring wells were drilled with a total depth of 1300 m, and water level data loggers were installed into the monitoring wells to determine the groundwater level changes. The spatial distribution of the monthly groundwater level change map was multiplied by the aquifer storage distribution map and then the accurate water volume is calculated by using the 3-D spatial analysis. According to our evaluation in the aquifer, positive volume change of the groundwater is 187 hm 3 in a year, which is considered as a recharge value of groundwater. It is concluded that the GIS-integrated water table fluctuation method gave rise to estimate the total recharge amount of the groundwater in the Alaşehir aquifer. The total groundwater recharge indicates that total inflow in the aquifer from precipitation, leakage from surface water and irrigation waters. It can be stated that the recharge estimation of groundwater in a surficial aquifer, like the Alaşehir aquifer, is fairly easy using the GIS-integrated water table fluctuation method.
Abstract This paper analyzes the Cuban model of sustainable development and explains the causes t... more Abstract This paper analyzes the Cuban model of sustainable development and explains the causes that made Cuba the only country that meets the conditions of sustainability according to the Worldwide Fund for Nature (WWF). The Human Development Index has three main components: quality of life (health indicator measured as life expectancy at birth), knowledge (education indicator measured as adult literacy) and the standard of life (economic indicator measured by the Gross Domestic Income). This paper analyses the aspects of the educational and health system of Cuba and also of its energy policies that explain the excellent scores of the Human Development Index. Cuba shows a Human Development Index of 0.8 with an Ecological Footprint of 1.8 gha. This is achieved with a Gross Domestic Income lower than other countries with similar Human Development Index. The Ecological Footprint of Cuba is mainly determined by the CO2 and the agricultural land footprint. The paper shows how the economic transition, after the economic crisis of the early 1990s, was realized without significantly increasing the Ecological Footprint.
The issue of groundwater recharge has gained importance in countries where there is not enough wa... more The issue of groundwater recharge has gained importance in countries where there is not enough water supply to the aquifer. However, groundwater recharge is a difficult parameter to determine. This difficulty stems from factors such as the location of the area to be studied, time, cost, and hydrological data. Numerical, isotope, and chemical approaches are used in groundwater recharge investigations. Numerical and chemical approaches are more costly and time-consuming than chemical approaches. This study aims to ascertain alluvial aquifer recharge in Alaşehir (Manisa) sub-basin using chemical approaches (Chloride Mass Balance Method) and its applicability. For this purpose, research wells were drilled at 25 different points in the alluvial aquifer, water sampling was done in wet and dry periods, and rainwater water samples were collected. Groundwater recharge was calculated by using chemical approaches from the chloride concentrations of the water samples collected. An annual average of 74.84 mm of recharge was found in the Alaşehir sub-basin. This value corresponds to 16.38% of annual rainfall. At the same time, it was examined the groundwater and geothermal mixing mechanism to demonstrate the applicability of the Chloride Mass Balance Method. It was concluded that geothermal fluid in Alaşehir sub-basin mixed with groundwater at a rate of 17%.
The purpose of this dissertation is to describe the construction of a prior information-base (int... more The purpose of this dissertation is to describe the construction of a prior information-base (interpretation of river characteristics) for river mapping from digital representations, such as remotely sensed digital images and DEMs, by an advanced image interpretation system. More reliable ...
In this study using the Idrisi software system, a methodology for jointly analyzing and interpret... more In this study using the Idrisi software system, a methodology for jointly analyzing and interpreting multi-spectral images and DEMs for extracting structural-geology features is given. In analyzing and interpreting multi-spectral images for geological features, certain criteria are employed to acquire information about the geological structures of the land, such as topographic, geomorphologic, and tectonic structures. The main criteria are color and color tones, topography, stream drainage patterns, and vegetation anomalies. In this study, Landsat TM multi-spectral images and a DEM of the Sierra Nevada region, California, USA, were experimentally used for geological interpretation. The results are presented and discussed in this paper.
Gediz Basin, located in the western part of Turkey constituting 2% land of the country, has an im... more Gediz Basin, located in the western part of Turkey constituting 2% land of the country, has an important groundwater potential in the area. Alasehir sub-basin, located in the southeast of the Gediz Basin and subject to the extensive withdrawal for the irrigation, constitutes the study area. Natural recharge to the sub-basin due to precipitation is numerically investigated in this study. For this purpose, 25 research wells, whose depths range from 20 to 50 m, were drilled to observe the recharge and collect the necessary field data for the numerical model. Meteorological data were collected from 3 weather stations installed in the study area. The numerical model HYDRUS was calibrated using the field water content data. Soil characterization was done on the core samples; the aquifer characterization was performed, and the alluvial aquifer recharge due to precipitation was calculated. As a result, the computed recharge value ranges from 21.78 to 68.52 mm, with an average value of 43.09 mm. According to the numerical model, this amount of recharge corresponds to 10% of the amount of annual rainfall.
The Lake Van basin and its surroundings (36,500 km 2) in the eastern Turkey have not been investi... more The Lake Van basin and its surroundings (36,500 km 2) in the eastern Turkey have not been investigated adequately in terms of earthquake vulnerability, and pre-earthquake preparedness. In this study, a digital terrain model (DTM) of the Lake Van region was developed combining an ASTER digital elevation model (DEM), Landsat-7 ETM+ imagery, remote sensing techniques, and geographical information systems. Terrain characteristics derived from DTM with DEM, and a 3-D land-use and land-cover fly-through view such as fault zones, drainage patterns, lineaments, and landforms were interpreted in terms of earthquake vulnerability. Our results indicate that the directions of Mus-Tatvan (Mus thrust), Bitlis thrust, and Ercis-Patnos-Malazgirt-Varto-Karliova along with Van and Ercis possess the highest risk of earthquake hazards.
... 2.2 Stream drainage patterns Geomorphologists dealing with remote sensing applications have s... more ... 2.2 Stream drainage patterns Geomorphologists dealing with remote sensing applications have studied stream drainage patterns and their relationships to terrain conditions. ... Because of erosion and deformation, older volcanic terrains lack these distinctive features. ...
Recently, due to the excessive raining, some land and houses have been seen under water and faced... more Recently, due to the excessive raining, some land and houses have been seen under water and faced with flood disaster. In order to prevent this catastrophe, taking measures beforehand is so important. For this reason, in order to help with planning while land arrangements in urban and ru- ral areas are done, hydrologically analyzing the DEMs produced from the satellite images belong- ing to that region, locations of flooded areas are de- termined when excessive raining occurs. Therefore, in this study, DEM analysis is involved, as well. As software, RiverTools, a Geographic Information System, which analyzes digital elevation models (DEMs) was used. With RiverTools, all images be- longing to DEMs can be processed and its hydro- logic surface can be analyzed. In other words, all satellite images related to DEMs can be processed. As data, the DEM belonging to Cumberland basin in Kentucky State, USA was experimentally used and analyzed. Flooded areas were determined when water level re...
... Terrain Analysis: Principles and Applications , New York: John Wiley and Sons. View all refer... more ... Terrain Analysis: Principles and Applications , New York: John Wiley and Sons. View all references, El Sheimy et al. 20058. El Sheimy, N., Valeo, C. and Habib, A. 2005. Digital Terrain Modeling: Acquisition, Manipulation and Applications , Boston, MA: Artech House. ...
Recently, due to the excessive raining, some land and houses have been seen under water and faced... more Recently, due to the excessive raining, some land and houses have been seen under water and faced with flood disaster. In order to prevent this catastrophe, taking measures beforehand is so important. For this reason, in order to help with planning while land arrangements in urban and ru- ral areas are done, hydrologically analyzing the DEMs produced from the satellite
71.Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı, 23-27 Nisan 2018, AnkaraSon yıllarda iklim değişikliğine bağlı su k... more 71.Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı, 23-27 Nisan 2018, AnkaraSon yıllarda iklim değişikliğine bağlı su kullanımının artması ve buna ek olarak aşırı nüfus artışı, yeraltısuyu kullanımını arttırmakta ve su kaynaklarını tehdit etmektedir. Su kaynaklarının sürdürülebilirliğinin sağlanması için barajlar ve yapay göller inşa edilmekte, ancak bu yapıların geniş yüzey alanlarında çok fazla buharlaşma görülmektedir. Dolayısı ile yeraltı suyunun, buharlaşma kayıplarının yaşanmadığı direkt yağış ile beslenen yapay beslenmesi önem kazanmaktadır. Yapay beslenme, havzalardaki suyu fazla buharlaşmadan korur ve su kaynaklarının potansiyelini artırıp, sürdürülebilirliğini sağlar. Bu çalışma kapsamında nümerik metotlar kullanılarak, Alaşehir (Manisa) havzasında alüvyon akiferin beslenmesinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Türkiye’nin batısında yer alan ve ülkenin %2’sini oluşturan Gediz Havzası, önemli bir yeraltı suyu potansiyelinin olduğu ve kullanıldığı alan konumundadır.TUBITAK project number of 115Y06
Determination of the groundwater potential (GWP) and groundwater pollution risk (GWPR) areas is a... more Determination of the groundwater potential (GWP) and groundwater pollution risk (GWPR) areas is a very important tool in the semi-arid regions in the world. Like many countries in the world, most of the major settlements in the cities of Turkey are located in permeable alluvial plains. Therefore, significant groundwater pollution is encountered in an alluvial plain containing settlements and industrial sites. This study focuses on the determination of the GWP and GWPR areas in the Alaşehir sub-basin, which is one of the economically important districts of the Aegean region, located in the Gediz River basin in western Turkey. In this study, the GWP and the GWPR areas were identified and a GWP index map was generated. The GWP areas in the study basin were determined using different proxies as a multi-criteria method based on geographic information system (GIS) integrated with remote sensing (RS). The result of the study indicates that the most GWP locations in the basin are seen in the west and southeast of the study region. Based on these results, it is understood that the significant GWP and GWPR areas are near the big settlement districts such as Alaşehir and Salihli. In particular, the 115-ha organized industrial zone located in the Salihli district is an important factor of the potential for consuming and contaminating water resources. This study method is so important for the selection of both city and industrial areas as well as for regional environmental planning in terms of the GWPR management.
The estimation of groundwater recharge is an essential process for hydrogeological study. Realist... more The estimation of groundwater recharge is an essential process for hydrogeological study. Realistic determination approach is crucial for assessing groundwater potential in an aquifer system and estimating of groundwater levels and/or changes in dry periods. Based on these matters, we employ a GIS-integrated groundwater level fluctuation method to determine the groundwater recharge for a hydrological period in the Alaşehir alluvial aquifer (W. Anatolia). The method basically takes into account both increasing and decreasing of the groundwater levels due to the recharge and discharge mechanisms in the aquifer. In this study, 16 pumping and monitoring wells were drilled with a total depth of 1300 m, and water level data loggers were installed into the monitoring wells to determine the groundwater level changes. The spatial distribution of the monthly groundwater level change map was multiplied by the aquifer storage distribution map and then the accurate water volume is calculated by using the 3-D spatial analysis. According to our evaluation in the aquifer, positive volume change of the groundwater is 187 hm 3 in a year, which is considered as a recharge value of groundwater. It is concluded that the GIS-integrated water table fluctuation method gave rise to estimate the total recharge amount of the groundwater in the Alaşehir aquifer. The total groundwater recharge indicates that total inflow in the aquifer from precipitation, leakage from surface water and irrigation waters. It can be stated that the recharge estimation of groundwater in a surficial aquifer, like the Alaşehir aquifer, is fairly easy using the GIS-integrated water table fluctuation method.
Abstract This paper analyzes the Cuban model of sustainable development and explains the causes t... more Abstract This paper analyzes the Cuban model of sustainable development and explains the causes that made Cuba the only country that meets the conditions of sustainability according to the Worldwide Fund for Nature (WWF). The Human Development Index has three main components: quality of life (health indicator measured as life expectancy at birth), knowledge (education indicator measured as adult literacy) and the standard of life (economic indicator measured by the Gross Domestic Income). This paper analyses the aspects of the educational and health system of Cuba and also of its energy policies that explain the excellent scores of the Human Development Index. Cuba shows a Human Development Index of 0.8 with an Ecological Footprint of 1.8 gha. This is achieved with a Gross Domestic Income lower than other countries with similar Human Development Index. The Ecological Footprint of Cuba is mainly determined by the CO2 and the agricultural land footprint. The paper shows how the economic transition, after the economic crisis of the early 1990s, was realized without significantly increasing the Ecological Footprint.
The issue of groundwater recharge has gained importance in countries where there is not enough wa... more The issue of groundwater recharge has gained importance in countries where there is not enough water supply to the aquifer. However, groundwater recharge is a difficult parameter to determine. This difficulty stems from factors such as the location of the area to be studied, time, cost, and hydrological data. Numerical, isotope, and chemical approaches are used in groundwater recharge investigations. Numerical and chemical approaches are more costly and time-consuming than chemical approaches. This study aims to ascertain alluvial aquifer recharge in Alaşehir (Manisa) sub-basin using chemical approaches (Chloride Mass Balance Method) and its applicability. For this purpose, research wells were drilled at 25 different points in the alluvial aquifer, water sampling was done in wet and dry periods, and rainwater water samples were collected. Groundwater recharge was calculated by using chemical approaches from the chloride concentrations of the water samples collected. An annual average of 74.84 mm of recharge was found in the Alaşehir sub-basin. This value corresponds to 16.38% of annual rainfall. At the same time, it was examined the groundwater and geothermal mixing mechanism to demonstrate the applicability of the Chloride Mass Balance Method. It was concluded that geothermal fluid in Alaşehir sub-basin mixed with groundwater at a rate of 17%.
The purpose of this dissertation is to describe the construction of a prior information-base (int... more The purpose of this dissertation is to describe the construction of a prior information-base (interpretation of river characteristics) for river mapping from digital representations, such as remotely sensed digital images and DEMs, by an advanced image interpretation system. More reliable ...
In this study using the Idrisi software system, a methodology for jointly analyzing and interpret... more In this study using the Idrisi software system, a methodology for jointly analyzing and interpreting multi-spectral images and DEMs for extracting structural-geology features is given. In analyzing and interpreting multi-spectral images for geological features, certain criteria are employed to acquire information about the geological structures of the land, such as topographic, geomorphologic, and tectonic structures. The main criteria are color and color tones, topography, stream drainage patterns, and vegetation anomalies. In this study, Landsat TM multi-spectral images and a DEM of the Sierra Nevada region, California, USA, were experimentally used for geological interpretation. The results are presented and discussed in this paper.
Gediz Basin, located in the western part of Turkey constituting 2% land of the country, has an im... more Gediz Basin, located in the western part of Turkey constituting 2% land of the country, has an important groundwater potential in the area. Alasehir sub-basin, located in the southeast of the Gediz Basin and subject to the extensive withdrawal for the irrigation, constitutes the study area. Natural recharge to the sub-basin due to precipitation is numerically investigated in this study. For this purpose, 25 research wells, whose depths range from 20 to 50 m, were drilled to observe the recharge and collect the necessary field data for the numerical model. Meteorological data were collected from 3 weather stations installed in the study area. The numerical model HYDRUS was calibrated using the field water content data. Soil characterization was done on the core samples; the aquifer characterization was performed, and the alluvial aquifer recharge due to precipitation was calculated. As a result, the computed recharge value ranges from 21.78 to 68.52 mm, with an average value of 43.09 mm. According to the numerical model, this amount of recharge corresponds to 10% of the amount of annual rainfall.
The Lake Van basin and its surroundings (36,500 km 2) in the eastern Turkey have not been investi... more The Lake Van basin and its surroundings (36,500 km 2) in the eastern Turkey have not been investigated adequately in terms of earthquake vulnerability, and pre-earthquake preparedness. In this study, a digital terrain model (DTM) of the Lake Van region was developed combining an ASTER digital elevation model (DEM), Landsat-7 ETM+ imagery, remote sensing techniques, and geographical information systems. Terrain characteristics derived from DTM with DEM, and a 3-D land-use and land-cover fly-through view such as fault zones, drainage patterns, lineaments, and landforms were interpreted in terms of earthquake vulnerability. Our results indicate that the directions of Mus-Tatvan (Mus thrust), Bitlis thrust, and Ercis-Patnos-Malazgirt-Varto-Karliova along with Van and Ercis possess the highest risk of earthquake hazards.
... 2.2 Stream drainage patterns Geomorphologists dealing with remote sensing applications have s... more ... 2.2 Stream drainage patterns Geomorphologists dealing with remote sensing applications have studied stream drainage patterns and their relationships to terrain conditions. ... Because of erosion and deformation, older volcanic terrains lack these distinctive features. ...
Recently, due to the excessive raining, some land and houses have been seen under water and faced... more Recently, due to the excessive raining, some land and houses have been seen under water and faced with flood disaster. In order to prevent this catastrophe, taking measures beforehand is so important. For this reason, in order to help with planning while land arrangements in urban and ru- ral areas are done, hydrologically analyzing the DEMs produced from the satellite images belong- ing to that region, locations of flooded areas are de- termined when excessive raining occurs. Therefore, in this study, DEM analysis is involved, as well. As software, RiverTools, a Geographic Information System, which analyzes digital elevation models (DEMs) was used. With RiverTools, all images be- longing to DEMs can be processed and its hydro- logic surface can be analyzed. In other words, all satellite images related to DEMs can be processed. As data, the DEM belonging to Cumberland basin in Kentucky State, USA was experimentally used and analyzed. Flooded areas were determined when water level re...
... Terrain Analysis: Principles and Applications , New York: John Wiley and Sons. View all refer... more ... Terrain Analysis: Principles and Applications , New York: John Wiley and Sons. View all references, El Sheimy et al. 20058. El Sheimy, N., Valeo, C. and Habib, A. 2005. Digital Terrain Modeling: Acquisition, Manipulation and Applications , Boston, MA: Artech House. ...
Recently, due to the excessive raining, some land and houses have been seen under water and faced... more Recently, due to the excessive raining, some land and houses have been seen under water and faced with flood disaster. In order to prevent this catastrophe, taking measures beforehand is so important. For this reason, in order to help with planning while land arrangements in urban and ru- ral areas are done, hydrologically analyzing the DEMs produced from the satellite
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