The chapter seeks to apply semiotics to resolve some conceptual problems of the meme theory of cultural evolution. There are three aspects in which semiotics can be helpful in this respect. They correspond to three problems of memetics:... more
The chapter seeks to apply semiotics to resolve some conceptual problems of the meme theory of cultural evolution. There are three aspects in which semiotics can be helpful in this respect. They correspond to three problems of memetics: the form/content problem, the interpretation problem, and the agency problem. The study shows how the semiotic concepts of vehicle-interpretant-object, secondary subagency, and tardo-sign can provide solutions to resolve these problems. Firstly, the form/ content problem can be mapped onto the distinction of sign vehicle and interpretant, and thus the tension between memetic externalism and internalism can be transformed into a framework that would distinguish meme vehicles and meme interpretants as elements of memes. Secondly, the notion of tardo-sign can be used for a stricter definition of memes, conceptualizing them as degenerate signs that produce no final interpretants but provide inertia and stability in cultural development. Thirdly, the problem of whether memes are agents can be transformed into a question of what kind of agents they are. While not all cultural signs are agents, semiotics distinguishes a particular kind of secondary subagents that trigger the production of cultural signs, and memes can be considered a special case of these subagents. Overall, memes can be defined as secondary subagent-signs of cultural tardosemiosis. In this sense, they are important for cultural evolution but are not the only kind of semiotic entities involved in it. Moreover, various other definitional options for the notion of meme can be distinguished based on whether memes are assumed to be necessarily agentive and post-semiotic, as well as whether the term “meme” has to refer to sign as a whole, its vehicle or interpretant.
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The paper provides extensive methodological discussion of the network approach to legislative studies and gives an overview to different methods and techniques that show great promise to the research of parliamentary politics. The key... more
The paper provides extensive methodological discussion of the network approach to legislative studies and gives an overview to different methods and techniques that show great promise to the research of parliamentary politics. The key points of the proposed network theoretical framework are the informal interactions and collaborations of actors and their respective groups, that are tied by linkages of trust and mutual interests. We also keep the focus on the influence of the nodes (MPs) which is being accumulated due to the access to various resources, performance, and individual interests. This article also suggests description of the public data used to reveal the networks of legislative co-sponsorship, which is the well-developed method of legislative studies. In this context we also review some other approaches to obtain information about the ties between the MPs, that have been suggested in the academic literature: the voting data, personal interactions revealed by the interviews, range of connections in the online social networks, official mail, public speech, and others. We show that the network analysis appears to be very insightful for the legislative studies because it allows to perceive parliaments as the “small worlds” each with its own highly institutionalized composition of nodes and ties. We also argue that it is critical to take into consideration the influence of several exogenic forces – voters, the public, and other authorities on the MPs persistent interactions and the respective network structure of the parliament. Finally, we propose two methodological solutions to the research of complex network structures. We debate on the potential implications of the discourse-network analysis in legislative studies. It provides the opportunity to map the advocacy coalitions and model the relations between the nodes, which are based on the similarities and differences of their ideas in the public speeches. We also discuss the potential of the inferential network analysis in regard to the quantitative research in legislative studies. Specifically, we provide a critical review of the modern studies of the innerparliamentary networks, that are based on ERGMs and their variations (SAOM and TERGM). We show that dyadic interactions between the MPs and political parties can be modeled taking into account both individual covariates (exogenous and endogenous) and network parameters of the current structure of parliament as a whole.
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Abstract:This article is devoted to the comparison of two Armenian protest coalitions: the 2016 coalition of Sasna Tsrer supporters and Nikol Pashinyan's My Step coalition of 2018. The analysis shows that Pashinyan's coalition,... more
Abstract:This article is devoted to the comparison of two Armenian protest coalitions: the 2016 coalition of Sasna Tsrer supporters and Nikol Pashinyan's My Step coalition of 2018. The analysis shows that Pashinyan's coalition, unlike the coalition of Sasna Tsrer supporters, was not a liberal-nationalist alliance, but rather a liberal-bureaucratic one. This difference turns out to be crucial, as the Sasna Tsrer polemic was heavily polarized by the clash between the statist and counter-statist frames of the Armenian nation, with none of the sides possessing enough symbolic or political resources to win. The generally successful outcome of Pashinyan's protest can thus be explained by the fact that it was not so strongly framed by a counter-statist understanding of the Armenian nation.
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The article reconsiders the notion of strategic culture using fundamental categories of general and social semiotics, which make it possible to systematise and instrumentalise this concept while preserving its broad scope. The proposed... more
The article reconsiders the notion of strategic culture using fundamental categories of general and social semiotics, which make it possible to systematise and instrumentalise this concept while preserving its broad scope. The proposed framework suggests a relationalist reconceptualisation of strategic culture based on Charles Peirce's semiotic theory, thereby helping to transcend the existing controversy about how culture-as-ideas, culture-as-artefacts, and culture-as-behaviour are related to each other in strategic culture. The suggested approach helps to clarify the problematic aspects of the notion of strategic culture by redefining strategic culture as a logonomic system (a system of rules of meaning-making) that constrains interactions in strategic affairs. Such reconceptualisation helps to study how strategic cultures are reproduced not only through verbal discourse but also through other artefacts and actions. Semiotic categories also make it possible to account for impo...
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The study seeks to contribute to the concept of semiotic causation by building a nomenclature of effects (interpretants) produced by signs. As a starting point, the suggested approach uses Charles Peirce’s idea that the interpretant... more
The study seeks to contribute to the concept of semiotic causation by building a nomenclature of effects (interpretants) produced by signs. As a starting point, the suggested approach uses Charles Peirce’s idea that the interpretant itself is a sign that is produced by another sign. From this, the study suggests that Peirce’s ten-fold division of signs can be used as a basis for the division of interpretants and, thus, proposes a nomenclature that distinguishes poti-interpretants (interpretants that are quali-signs), sin-interpretants (interpretants that are sin-signs), and legi-interpretants (interpretants that are legi-signs), also differentiating between iconic, indexical, and symbolic interpretants, as well as rhematic, dicent, and argumentive interpretants. The article uses Peirce’s famous whistle example (EP 2:4–5) to illustrate how the proposed systematics of interpretants works and demonstrates that it aligns well with Peirce’s distinction of feeling, reaction, and thinking, as feeling corresponds to the production of iconic poti-interpretants and iconic sin-interpretants, reaction corresponds to the production of indexical sin-interpretants, and thinking corresponds to the production of legi-interpretants. The article also suggests how the proposed ten-fold systematics of interpretants can be reconciled with Peirce’s original classifications of interpretants, as immediate-dynamical-final interpretants correspond to the triad of poti-, sin-, and legi-interpretants, while emotional-energetic-logical interpretants correspond to the three sub-classes of sin-interpretants, i.e. iconic sin-interpretants, rhematic indexical sin-interpretants, and dicent indexical sin-interpretants. The study then explores how the suggested classification of interpretants can be used to draw distinctions between different kinds of semiosis in different agents. In particular, the study shows how the proposed ten-fold classification can be applied to analyze diverse biosemiotic and anthroposemiotic processes. It also tests how different capacities to produce interpretants can be used to distinguish full-fledged signs from quasi-signs and demonstrates that in some cases of zoösemiosis, as well as in proto-semiosis and tardo-semiosis, the production of symbolic interpretants is diminished.
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The article is devoted to the study of the specificities of the use of the Soviet past in the rhetoric of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and the United Russia. Based on the analysis of the texts of the leaders and... more
The article is devoted to the study of the specificities of the use of the Soviet past in the rhetoric of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation and the United Russia. Based on the analysis of the texts of the leaders and functionaries of these parties, the authors reveal the goals of addressing the Soviet heritage, the distinguishing features of its interpretation, the invoked discursive strategies and macrosemantic structures. The authors show how interpreting the Soviet past and establishing its connection with the present and future of Russia serve the tasks of political identification of the party and legitimization of its position. According to the authors’ conclusion, the specifics of the studied parties’ appeal to the Soviet legacy is largely determined by the position they occupy in the country’s political system, as well as the history of their creation and development. With the help of the references to the USSR and certain aspects of its existence, representatives...
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The paper provides extensive methodological discussion of the network approach to legislative studies and gives an overview to different methods and techniques that show great promise to the research of parliamentary politics. The key... more
The paper provides extensive methodological discussion of the network approach to legislative studies and gives an overview to different methods and techniques that show great promise to the research of parliamentary politics. The key points of the proposed network theoretical framework are the informal interactions and collaborations of actors and their respective groups, that are tied by linkages of trust and mutual interests. We also keep the focus on the influence of the nodes (MPs) which is being accumulated due to the access to various resources, performance, and individual interests. This article also suggests description of the public data used to reveal the networks of legislative co-sponsorship, which is the well-developed method of legislative studies. In this context we also review some other approaches to obtain information about the ties between the MPs, that have been suggested in the academic literature: the voting data, personal interactions revealed by the intervie...
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The chapter seeks to apply semiotics to resolve some conceptual problems of the meme theory of cultural evolution. There are three aspects in which semiotics can be helpful in this respect. They correspond to three problems of memetics:... more
The chapter seeks to apply semiotics to resolve some conceptual problems of the meme theory of cultural evolution. There are three aspects in which semiotics can be helpful in this respect. They correspond to three problems of memetics: the form/content problem, the interpretation problem, and the agency problem. The study shows how the semiotic concepts of vehicle-interpretant-object, secondary subagency, and tardo-sign can provide solutions to resolve these problems. Firstly, the form/ content problem can be mapped onto the distinction of sign vehicle and interpretant, and thus the tension between memetic externalism and internalism can be transformed into a framework that would distinguish meme vehicles and meme interpretants as elements of memes. Secondly, the notion of tardo-sign can be used for a stricter definition of memes, conceptualizing them as degenerate signs that produce no final interpretants but provide inertia and stability in cultural development. Thirdly, the problem of whether memes are agents can be transformed into a question of what kind of agents they are. While not all cultural signs are agents, semiotics distinguishes a particular kind of secondary subagents that trigger the production of cultural signs, and memes can be considered a special case of these subagents. Overall, memes can be defined as secondary subagent-signs of cultural tardosemiosis. In this sense, they are important for cultural evolution but are not the only kind of semiotic entities involved in it. Moreover, various other definitional options for the notion of meme can be distinguished based on whether memes are assumed to be necessarily agentive and post-semiotic, as well as whether the term “meme” has to refer to sign as a whole, its vehicle or interpretant.
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The article explores how the ideology of Putin’s regime is configured depending on the purposes for which it is used. It examines how the Kremlin’s attempt to mobilize the nation through ideology after the full-scale invasion of Ukraine... more
The article explores how the ideology of Putin’s regime is configured depending on the purposes for which it is used. It examines how the Kremlin’s attempt to mobilize the nation through ideology after the full-scale invasion of Ukraine aligns with its broader strategies of utilizing ideology. To understand variations in the Kremlin’s discourse, the study contrasts two conceptual configurations: patriotic statism (state as the ultimate value, requiring citizens to make sacrifices) and welfare statism (state as a means to provide people’s well-being). This framework enables us to analyze how different configurations of Putin’s ideology are employed in various political genres. The analysis reveals that while the genres of ideological proclamation, ideological indoctrination, and declarative justification are dominated by patriotic statism, welfare statism proves essential for the genre of mobilizing invocation. When Putin aims to mobilize the nation, the promises of welfare appear more reliable than mere rhetoric of patriotic self-sacrifice.
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This article seeks to provide a better understanding of the dynamics of the nationwide protests that appeared in Russia as a result of the large-scale political campaigns of 2017–18. On the basis of an original database devoted to six... more
This article seeks to provide a better understanding of the dynamics of the nationwide protests that appeared in Russia as a result of the large-scale political campaigns of 2017–18. On the basis of an original database devoted to six protests, organized in this period by different anti-systemic opposition leaders and organizations, the study explores the turnout and geographic scope of these events and the repertoire of frames that were used to mobilize the protesters. The analysis contrasts three types of frames (an anti-corruption protest frame, election campaign event frame, and anti-systemic protest frame) and demonstrates that appropriate framing was a necessary condition of successful protest mobilization. In combination with other factors, such as the quality of protest organization and the impact of repressive actions of the authorities, the changes of protest frames contributed to the protests’ turnout dynamics. Alexei Navalny, the most popular anti-systemic leader, succeeded in organizing the initial mobilization by framing it as an anti-corruption protest, but then, under increasing repression, the opposition failed to convert this dissent into a longer-term campaign with broader electoral or anti-systemic frames.
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The article introduces the concept of the logonomic sign as an elaboration on Hodge and Kress’s promising yet under-examined ideas about logonomic systems. Logonomic signs are defined as socially devised signs that constrain multimodal... more
The article introduces the concept of the logonomic sign as an elaboration on Hodge and Kress’s promising yet under-examined ideas about logonomic systems. Logonomic signs are defined as socially devised signs that constrain multimodal semiosis by restricting who is able to produce what signs under what circumstances. Based on the Peircean categories, the functioning of logonomic signs is modeled as a three-phase process of (1) logonomic understanding (production of the meaning that is the Initial Interpretant of a logonomic sign), (2) logonomic actualization (production of the actual semiotic event that is the Dynamical Interpretant of a logonomic sign), and (3) logonomic reproduction ([re]production of the semiotic Habit that is the Final Interpretant of a logonomic sign). Based on Kull’s theory of evolution of semiotic systems, logonomic signs are theorized as mechanisms of retention and standardization of semiotic Habits. The mechanism of reproduction of logonomic signs is modeled as a sign in which past logonomic semioses function as Objects by being iconically represented by similar current logonomic semioses functioning as Representamens, and in which future logonomic semioses are produced as Interpretants. The methodological potential of the proposed concept is discussed in the context of the integrative transdisciplinary capacity of semiotics in social research.
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The article reconsiders the notion of strategic culture using fundamental categories of general and social semiotics, which make it possible to systematise and instrumentalise this concept while preserving its broad scope. The proposed... more
The article reconsiders the notion of strategic culture using fundamental categories of general and social semiotics, which make it possible to systematise and instrumentalise this concept while preserving its broad scope. The proposed framework suggests a relationalist reconceptualisation of strategic culture based on Charles Peirce's semiotic theory, thereby helping to transcend the existing controversy about how culture-as-ideas, culture-as-artefacts, and culture-as-behaviour are related to each other in strategic culture. The suggested approach helps to clarify the problematic aspects of the notion of strategic culture by redefining strategic culture as a logonomic system (a system of rules of meaning-making) that constrains interactions in strategic affairs. Such reconceptualisation helps to study how strategic cultures are reproduced not only through verbal discourse but also through other artefacts and actions. Semiotic categories also make it possible to account for important distinctions between various elements of strategic culture and formulate principles that can guide the studies of this phenomenon. The article provides some examples from the Russian strategic culture to demonstrate how the proposed framework can be applied.
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The study seeks to contribute to the concept of semiotic causation by building a nomenclature of effects (interpretants) produced by signs. As a starting point, the suggested approach uses Charles Peirce’s idea that the interpretant... more
The study seeks to contribute to the concept of semiotic causation by building a nomenclature of effects (interpretants) produced by signs. As a starting point, the suggested approach uses Charles Peirce’s idea that the interpretant itself is a sign that is produced by another sign. From this, the study suggests that Peirce’s ten-fold division of signs can be used as a basis for the division of interpretants and, thus, proposes a nomenclature that distinguishes poti-interpretants (interpretants that are quali-signs), sin-interpretants (interpretants that are sin-signs), and legi-interpretants (interpretants that are legi-signs), also differentiating between iconic, indexical, and symbolic interpretants, as well as rhematic, dicent, and argumentive interpretants. The article uses Peirce’s famous whistle example (EP 2:4–5) to illustrate how the proposed systematics of interpretants works and demonstrates that it aligns well with Peirce’s distinction of feeling, reaction, and thinking, as feeling corresponds to the production of iconic poti-interpretants and iconic sin-interpretants, reaction corresponds to the production of indexical sin-interpretants, and thinking corresponds to the production of legi-interpretants. The article also suggests how the proposed ten-fold systematics of interpretants can be reconciled with Peirce’s original classifications of interpretants, as immediate-dynamical-final interpretants correspond to the triad of poti-, sin-, and legi-interpretants, while emotional-energetic-logical interpretants correspond to the three sub-classes of sin-interpretants, i.e. iconic sin-interpretants, rhematic indexical sin-interpretants, and dicent indexical sin-interpretants. The study then explores how the suggested classification of interpretants can be used to draw distinctions between different kinds of semiosis in different agents. In particular, the study shows how the proposed ten-fold classification can be applied to analyze diverse biosemiotic and anthroposemiotic processes. It also tests how different capacities to produce interpretants can be used to distinguish full-fledged signs from quasi-signs and demonstrates that in some cases of zoösemiosis, as well as in proto-semiosis and tardo-semiosis, the production of symbolic interpretants is diminished.
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In 1976, Richard Dawkins coined the term meme as a way to metaphorically project bio-evolutionary principles upon the processes of cultural and social development. The works of Dawkins and of some other enthusiasts had contributed to a... more
In 1976, Richard Dawkins coined the term meme as a way to metaphorically project bio-evolutionary principles upon the processes of cultural and social development. The works of Dawkins and of some other enthusiasts had contributed to a rise in popularity of the concept of memetics (“study of memes”), but the interest to this new field started to decline quite soon. The conceptual apparatus of memetics was based on a number of quasi-biological terms, but the emerging discipline failed to go beyond those initial metaphors. This article is an attempt to rebuild the toolkit of memetics with the help of the more fundamental concepts taken from semiotics and to propose a synthetic conceptual framework connecting genetics and memetics, in which semiotics is used as the transdisciplinary methodology for both disciplines. The concept of sign is used as the meta-lingual equivalent for both the concepts of gene and meme. In the most general understanding, sign is a thing which stands for anoth...
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This travel essay is devoted to the trip to the Netherlands made by the editors of METHOD yearbook in October 2019. During the journey the authors took part in the 41st Annual Conference of the Association of Interdisciplinary Studies in... more
This travel essay is devoted to the trip to the Netherlands made by the editors of METHOD yearbook in October 2019. During the journey the authors took part in the 41st Annual Conference of the Association of Interdisciplinary Studies in the University of Amsterdam and visited Eindhoven to meet Bernardo Kastrup. These notes represent some of their experiences and reflections inspired by the Low Countries that are deeply biographically associated with personal life and scholarly research of René Descartes.
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This article seeks to provide a better understanding of the dynamics of the nationwide protests that appeared in Russia as a result of the large-scale political campaigns of 2017–18. On the basis of an original database devoted to six... more
This article seeks to provide a better understanding of the dynamics of the nationwide protests that appeared in Russia as a result of the large-scale political campaigns of 2017–18. On the basis of an original database devoted to six protests, organized in this period by different anti-systemic opposition leaders and organizations, the study explores the turnout and geographic scope of these events and the repertoire of frames that were used to mobilize the protesters. The analysis contrasts three types of frames (an anti-corruption protest frame, election campaign event frame, and anti-systemic protest frame) and demonstrates that appropriate framing was a necessary condition of successful protest mobilization. In combination with other factors, such as the quality of protest organization and the impact of repressive actions of the authorities, the changes of protest frames contributed to the protests’ turnout dynamics. Alexei Navalny, the most popular anti-systemic leader, succee...
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The article designs and tests a framework which grasps ideological divergences among the Russian elite by focusing on Radical Statism (Radical Gosudarstvennichestvo) and contrasting it with Radical Civicism. In order to operationalize... more
The article designs and tests a framework which grasps ideological divergences among the Russian elite by focusing on Radical Statism (Radical Gosudarstvennichestvo) and contrasting it with Radical Civicism. In order to operationalize this distinction, the study develops lists of particular statist and civicists topoi that are used as indicators for ideological positions. The framework is applied to the study of the texts that are publicly produced by the Russian elite. The analysis shows the observable ideological divergences that exist among the Russian top decision-makers by dividing the ideological spectrum into six cohorts (hard, moderate, soft statists, and hard, moderate, soft civicists).
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We revisit and empirically evaluate crucial yet under-examined arguments articulated in “God Gave Physics the Easy Problems” (2000), the authors of which emphasized that, in International Relations (IR) predictions, predominant nomothetic... more
We revisit and empirically evaluate crucial yet under-examined arguments articulated in “God Gave Physics the Easy Problems” (2000), the authors of which emphasized that, in International Relations (IR) predictions, predominant nomothetic approaches should be supplemented with concrete scenario thinking. We test whether the IR predictive toolkit is in fact dominated by nomothetic generalizations and, more broadly, map the methodological profile of this subfield. We build on the TRIP database, supplementing it with extensive original coding to operationalize the nuances of predictive research. In particular, we differentiate between nomoscopic predictions (predictive generalizations) and idioscopic predictions (predictions for concrete situations), showing that this distinction is not reducible to other methodological cleavages. We find that even though in contemporary IR an increasing number of articles seek to provide predictions, they consistently avoid predictions about concrete ...
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This article outlines major trends in the development of social semiotics during the last four decades of its existence. The starting point was the interface between functional analysis of the semiotic system of language and the... more
This article outlines major trends in the development of social semiotics during the last four decades of its existence. The starting point was the interface between functional analysis of the semiotic system of language and the structural interpretation of language as a social system. Their convergence provided the basis for further developing an interdisciplinary domain of social semiotics. Michael Halliday’s book “Language as social semiotic: The social interpretation of language and meaning” (1978) gave an initial impetus to exploring the interface of semiotic and social. Ten years later his approach was reinterpreted by Bob Hodge and Gunther Kress in “Social Semiotics” (1988). They suggested that both the social and semiotic nature of language had a broader significance and extends to the entire domain of human activity and existence. Thus, social semiotic (in singular) of language was enhanced into all-embracing social semiotics (in plural). This article further examines lingu...
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The article presents an overview of the key arguments of Terrence Deacon's theory of how mind emerged from matter. Deacon’s emergentism is analyzed as a way of refocusing the «hard problem» of consciousness. He suggests considering... more
The article presents an overview of the key arguments of Terrence Deacon's theory of how mind emerged from matter. Deacon’s emergentism is analyzed as a way of refocusing the «hard problem» of consciousness. He suggests considering the phenomenon of consciousness as a dynamic coupling of mutually constraining processes. Such coupling is the defining feature of the subjective self and other teleodynamic phenomena. So self cannot be found as something embodied in existing material substrates. Consciousness is not present in such substrates themselves, but in the way different processes unfolding in these substrates constrain each other. Deacon shows that even looking at the simplest forms of life (autogens) one can observe that in them each part, interacting with other parts, creates the whole, and the whole as a synergetic complex makes possible the reproduction of its parts. The same principle underlies the organization of subjective consciousness, as subjective consciousness is...
Research Interests: Philosophy and Metod
The introductory essay conveys the overall purpose of the issue and then outlines its composition. Intention of the editors has been to retrace a dozen generations back to Descartes’ times, to grasp his ingenuity, to follow his insights... more
The introductory essay conveys the overall purpose of the issue and then outlines its composition. Intention of the editors has been to retrace a dozen generations back to Descartes’ times, to grasp his ingenuity, to follow his insights and try to further them on. Another starting line is a challenge to notorious Cartesian dualism which may reside in epigones of self-rid Cartesian dogma and disclosure of self-incited research of Descartes himself. In fact, Descartes himself resorted to his own personality or his whole self ( me totum ) that entangles both soul (thing that thinks) and body (thing that extends). Thus, dualism is only one instrumental aspect of far more complex cognitive proficiency of Descartes himself. What actually happens within me totum between the two analytical extreme modes of thinking and extended substances is embodiment and disembodiment. Introductory essay further outlines the sections of the Yearbook: Self, Reason, Body, Communication, Methodological Alter...
The article is devoted to the analysis of the discourse of the Russian oppositionist Alexei Navalny. The purpose of the study is to understand how one of the leaders of the Russian non-parliamentary opposition uses narratives about the... more
The article is devoted to the analysis of the discourse of the Russian oppositionist Alexei Navalny. The purpose of the study is to understand how one of the leaders of the Russian non-parliamentary opposition uses narratives about the Soviet past. The analysis shows that the arsenal of such narratives in Navalny's discourse is quite broad and includes references to events, actors, and realia from all main periods of the Soviet history. The whole variety of ways of using the narratives about the Soviet past in Navalny's discourse can be generalized to four typical discursive templates: (1) “analogy with the Soviet”, (2) “inheriting the Soviet”, (3) “stealing the Soviet”, (4) “(mis)commemorating the Soviet”. The “analogy with the Soviet” and “inheriting the Soviet” templates are used by Navalny in his strategies of negative representation of certain contemporary Russian political events, actors, institutions, and practices (in particular the ones having to do with political repressions and state propaganda). The application of the “stealing the Soviet” template is almost entirely limited to the texts that negatively represent Russian “oligarchs”. The “(mis)commemorating the Soviet” template is applied in the texts that promote (or condemn) certain commemorative practices. In general, in his discourse Navalny often effectively applies the discursive strategies that allow him to use the narratives about the Soviet past, but, at the same time, he is rarely seeks to actively construct such narratives himself.
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Статья посвящена анализу дискурса российского оппозицио-нера Алексея Навального. Цель исследования состоит в том, чтобы понять, каким образом в дискурсе одного из лидеров российской внепарламентской оппозиции используются нарративы о советском прошлом. Проведенный анализ показывает, что арсенал сюжетов такого рода, которыми оперирует Навальный, довольно широк и включает в себя отсылки к спектру событий, акторов и реалий, относящихся ко всем основным периодам советской истории. Всё разнообразие способов использования нарративов о советском прошлом в дискурсе Навального можно свести к четырем типовым дискурсивным шаблонам: (1) «аналогия с со-ветским», (2) «преемственность от советского», (3) «похищение советского», (4) «(мис)коммеморация советского». По шаблону «аналогия с советским» устроены используемые Навальным стратегии негативной репрезентации ряда современных российских политических событий, акторов и практик (особенно репрессивных и пропагандистских). Шаблон «преемственность от советского» применяется Навальным главным образом для негативной репрезентации отдель-ных персоналий из числа российских чиновников и некоторых государственных институций. Применение шаблона «похищение советского» почти полностью ограничивается текстами о российских «олигархах». К случаям использования шаблона «(мис)коммеморации» можно отнести все высказывания Навального о (не)одобряемых практиках в сфере исторической политики. В целом Навальному удается задействовать набор дискурсивных стратегий, которые позволяют ему успешно использовать существующие активы нарративов о советском прошлом, однако сам спикер в конструировании таких нарративов принимает весьма ограниченное участие.
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Статья посвящена анализу дискурса российского оппозицио-нера Алексея Навального. Цель исследования состоит в том, чтобы понять, каким образом в дискурсе одного из лидеров российской внепарламентской оппозиции используются нарративы о советском прошлом. Проведенный анализ показывает, что арсенал сюжетов такого рода, которыми оперирует Навальный, довольно широк и включает в себя отсылки к спектру событий, акторов и реалий, относящихся ко всем основным периодам советской истории. Всё разнообразие способов использования нарративов о советском прошлом в дискурсе Навального можно свести к четырем типовым дискурсивным шаблонам: (1) «аналогия с со-ветским», (2) «преемственность от советского», (3) «похищение советского», (4) «(мис)коммеморация советского». По шаблону «аналогия с советским» устроены используемые Навальным стратегии негативной репрезентации ряда современных российских политических событий, акторов и практик (особенно репрессивных и пропагандистских). Шаблон «преемственность от советского» применяется Навальным главным образом для негативной репрезентации отдель-ных персоналий из числа российских чиновников и некоторых государственных институций. Применение шаблона «похищение советского» почти полностью ограничивается текстами о российских «олигархах». К случаям использования шаблона «(мис)коммеморации» можно отнести все высказывания Навального о (не)одобряемых практиках в сфере исторической политики. В целом Навальному удается задействовать набор дискурсивных стратегий, которые позволяют ему успешно использовать существующие активы нарративов о советском прошлом, однако сам спикер в конструировании таких нарративов принимает весьма ограниченное участие.
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We revisit and empirically evaluate crucial yet under-examined arguments articulated in “God Gave Physics the Easy Problems” (2000), the authors of which emphasized that, in International Relations (IR) predictions, predominant nomothetic... more
We revisit and empirically evaluate crucial yet under-examined arguments articulated in “God Gave Physics the Easy Problems” (2000), the authors of which emphasized that, in International Relations (IR) predictions, predominant nomothetic approaches should be supplemented with concrete scenario thinking. We test whether the IR predictive toolkit is in fact dominated by nomothetic generalizations and, more broadly, map the methodological profile of this subfield. We build on the TRIP database, supplementing it with extensive original coding to operationalize the nuances of predictive research. In particular, we differentiate between nomoscopic predictions (predictive generalizations) and idioscopic predictions (predictions for concrete situations), showing that this distinction is not reducible to other methodological cleavages. We find that even though in contemporary IR an increasing number of articles seek to provide predictions, they consistently avoid predictions about concrete situations. The proportion of idioscopic predictions is stably small, with an even smaller proportion of predictions that develop concrete narratives or specify any determinate time period. Furthermore, those idioscopic studies are mostly limited to a niche with specialized themes and aims. Thus, our research shows that the critical claims from 20 years ago are still relevant for contemporary IR, as the “difficult problem” of developing predictive scenarios is still consistently overlooked in favor of other objectives. Ultimately, the types of predictions that IR scholars develop depend on their specific aims and constraints, but the discipline-wide result is a situation in which international studies’ ambition to provide predictions grows, but they tend to reproduce the same limitations as they did in 2000.
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This article outlines major trends in the development of social semiotics during the last four decades of its existence. The starting point was the interface between functional analysis of the semiotic system of language and the... more
This article outlines major trends in the development of social semiotics during the last four decades of its existence. The starting point was the interface between functional analysis of the semiotic system of language and the structural interpretation of language as a social system. Their convergence provided the basis for further developing an interdisciplinary domain of social semiotics. Michael Halliday’s book “Language as social semiotic: The social interpretation of language and meaning” (1978) gave an initial impetus to exploring the interface of semiotic and social. Ten years later his approach was reinterpreted by Bob Hodge and Gunther Kress in “Social Semiotics” (1988). They suggested that both the social and semiotic nature of language had a broader significance and extends to the entire domain of human activity and existence. Thus, social semiotic (in singular) of language was enhanced into all-embracing social semiotics (in plural). This article further examines linguistic as socio-semiotic, semiotic as social, semiotic as multimodal, socio-semiotic as functional, interpretative as socio-semiotic. The article outlines two frontiers of social semiotics, that of its subject matter and that of its methodological dimension. Finally, the article focuses on current challenges faced by social semiotics, particularly those relevant to sociology.
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In 1976, Richard Dawkins coined the term meme as a way to metaphorically project bio-evolutionary principles upon the processes of cultural and social development. The works of Dawkins and of some other enthusiasts had contributed to a... more
In 1976, Richard Dawkins coined the term meme as a way to metaphorically project bio-evolutionary principles upon the processes of cultural and social development. The works of Dawkins and of some other enthusiasts had contributed to a rise in popularity of the concept of memetics (“study of memes”), but the interest to this new field started to decline quite soon. The conceptual apparatus of memetics was based on a number of quasi-biological terms, but the emerging discipline failed to go beyond those initial metaphors. This article is an attempt to rebuild the toolkit of memetics with the help of the more fundamental concepts taken from semiotics and to propose a synthetic conceptual framework connecting genetics and memetics, in which semiotics is used as the transdisciplinary methodology for both disciplines. The concept of sign is used as the meta-lingual equivalent for both the concepts of gene and meme. In the most general understanding, sign is a thing which stands for another thing. In genetics, this translates into gene that is a section of DNA that stands for the algorithm of how a particular biomolecule is built. In memetics, the similar principle works in meme that is a thing that stands for the rules of how a particular cultural practice is performed.
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Вступительная статья поясняет смысл темы нынешнего выпуска МЕТОДа и раскрывает его общий замысел. Объясняются тонкие, но существенные различия между русской, английской и немецкой формулировками, касающимися смысла заголовка и концепции... more
Вступительная статья поясняет смысл темы нынешнего выпуска МЕТОДа и раскрывает его общий замысел. Объясняются тонкие, но существенные различия между русской, английской и немецкой формулировками, касающимися смысла заголовка и концепции ежегодника. Отталкиваясь от крайне актуальной идеи трансфера знаний, ежегодник обращается к еще более интригующей проблематике конвергенции и дивергенции когнитивных способностей. В этом контексте вводная статья обращается к трансдисциплинарным органонам. Они вытекают из наших основополагающих когнитивных задатков. Исходным является дар различать уровни, степени и подобные характеристики наших чувственных восприятий (больше - меньше, теплее - холоднее и т.п.), а затем ранжировать размеры объектов и интенсивность процессов. Следующим является распознавание образов или наше умение выделять некие уже «замеренные» образования из их окружения. Дальнейшая способность состоит в придании смысла «распознанным» обликам и формам окружающей действительности. Ее дополняет дарование использовать слова и образы, чтобы являть смыслы и обмениваться ими. Каждая из трех базовых когнитивных способностей множится в череде последующих поколений все более богатых умений и навыков. Изощренные методы научных исследований достигают пределов познания, где они переплетаются друг с другом. Возникают междисциплинарные связки. Прорисовываются трансдисциплинарные возможности. Первая - метретика (metretics), или высокоразвитое умение измерять и вычислять. Она проявляется в математических и статистических исследованиях. Следующая - морфетика (morphetics), или мастерство изучения форм и фигур разного рода. Она представлена в различных морфологических, сравнительных, конфигуративных и эволюционных исследованиях. Этот ряд завершает семиотика (semiotics), или искусство обработки смыслов и значений. Ее можно обнаружить во все еще складывающихся специальных семиологиях, в когнитивных исследованиях и пока еще зачаточных гуманитарных науках.
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Статья посвящена выработке фундаментальной дефиниции понятия образ государства на основе общесемиотического категориального аппарата Ч.С. Пирса. Предложена общая модель образа и насыщенный ее вариант, ориентированный на проблематику... more
Статья посвящена выработке фундаментальной дефиниции понятия образ государства на основе общесемиотического категориального аппарата Ч.С. Пирса. Предложена общая модель образа и насыщенный ее вариант, ориентированный на проблематику изучения образов государств. С опорой на понятия иконического знака и метафоры предложена модель образа как комплексной семиотической конструкции, имеющей в роли знакового средства некоторый первичный знак, а в роли объекта - все подобные этому знаку фрагменты действительности (факты); первичный знак детерминирует - по принципу сходства с этими фактами - вторичный (образный) интерпретант. За счет такого устройства в образе государства возникает эффект аккумуляции актов осмысления и означивания, характерных для определенного дискурса об этом государстве.
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Родословную социальной семиотики можно вести сразу от двух дат. Первая – 1978 год – отмечена изданием книги выдающегося лингвиста Майкла Халлидея, где язык характеризуется не только как знаковая система, но и как социальная семиотика. Тем... more
Родословную социальной семиотики можно вести сразу от двух дат. Первая – 1978 год – отмечена изданием книги выдающегося лингвиста Майкла Халлидея, где язык характеризуется не только как знаковая система, но и как социальная семиотика. Тем самым Халлидей выявил новый предмет изучения – функциональные и смысловые стороны социальной жизни людей, как они проявляются в человеческом общении и языке. Вторая – 1988 год – связана с публикацией книги его учеников Роберта Ходжа и Гюнтера Кресса, которые сделали термин социальная семиотика (social semiotics) обозначением и для особого междисциплинарного комплекса исследований, и самого предмета этих исследований. На 2018 г., таким образом, для этого направления приходятся сразу два юбилея.
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////On the Semiotic Model of Image\\\\ The article is devoted to the development of a fundamental semiotic model of images that is based on the categorical apparatus of Ch. S. Peirce (on the concepts of Firstness, icon, hypoicon and... more
////On the Semiotic Model of Image\\\\ The article is devoted to the development of a fundamental semiotic model of images that is based on the categorical apparatus of Ch. S. Peirce (on the concepts of Firstness, icon, hypoicon and metaphor). The image is proposed to be defined as a complex sign (two-level hypoicon-metaphor), which has a certain “primary” sign as its sign vehicle that represents the object constituted by all the facts (cases of semiosis) that are similar to that primary sign. Three key functions of the image are defined: a) the memory function (the accumulation of semiotic experience inherent in a certain discourse), b) the transfer function (transmission (synchronic and diachronic) of semiotic experience from one discourse to another), c) logonomic function (prescription and enabling of the future of acts of semiosis, similar to a certain exemplary act). The author explores the relationship between the category of image and a number of similar concepts. In particular, the definitions of the category of symbol (by S. S. Averintsev and Yu. M. Lotman), the category of myth (in the interpretation of R. Barthes) and the concept of meme (by R. Dawkins) are analysed and juxtaposed with the notion of image. === Статья посвящена выработке фундаментальной семиотической модели образа на основе категориального аппарата Ч. С. Пирса (рассмотрены понятия Первичности, иконы, гипоиконы и метафоры). С опорой на понятия иконического знака и метафоры предложена общесемиотическая модель образа как комплексной знаковой конструкции (двухуровневой гипоиконы-метафоры), имеющей в качестве своего знакового средства некоторый первичный знак, репрезентующий в качестве объекта все подобные этому знаку факты действительности (случаи семиозиса) в силу того, что этот первичный знак детерминирует по принципу сходства с ними вторичный, образный интерпретант. Очерчены ключевые функции образа. Обсуждается соотношение категории образа со смежными понятиями.
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В статье представлен краткий обзор истории становления семиотики в Европе от античности до современности. Описаны этапы расширения предметных границ дисциплины от семиологического проекта де Соссюра до современных дискуссий о возможностях... more
В статье представлен краткий обзор истории становления семиотики в Европе от античности до современности. Описаны этапы расширения предметных границ дисциплины от семиологического проекта де Соссюра до современных дискуссий о возможностях физиосемиотики. Намечены траектории оформления семиотики в роли трансдисциплинарного методологического интегратора.
Semiotic frontier: Through centuries and across disciplines
The article provides a brief history of semiotics in Europe from antiquity to the present, and an overview of how the boundaries of semiotics expanded from Saussure's semiological project to the contemporary discussions about the possibilities of physiosemiotics. The trajectory of semiotics becoming a transdisciplinary methodological integrator is outlined.
https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=30646306
Semiotic frontier: Through centuries and across disciplines
The article provides a brief history of semiotics in Europe from antiquity to the present, and an overview of how the boundaries of semiotics expanded from Saussure's semiological project to the contemporary discussions about the possibilities of physiosemiotics. The trajectory of semiotics becoming a transdisciplinary methodological integrator is outlined.
https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=30646306
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Фомин И. В. Метафорическая визуальность в концептуализациях когнитивного: знание как видение // МЕТОД: Московский ежегодник трудов из обществоведческих дисциплин. — М., 2016. — Вып. 6. — С. 33-45. Статья посвящена анализу связанных с... more
Фомин И. В. Метафорическая визуальность в концептуализациях когнитивного: знание как видение // МЕТОД: Московский ежегодник трудов из обществоведческих дисциплин. — М., 2016. — Вып. 6. — С. 33-45.
Статья посвящена анализу связанных с визуальностью метафор, лежащих в основе некоторых научных и философских понятий. Обсуждаются наивная и античная модели зрения и связанные с ними особенности понятийного аппарата. Анализируются модели познания, заложенные в метафорике категорий образа, теории и идеи. Исследуется дихотомия ясных и смутных представлений.
Metaphorical visuality in the concepts of cognition: Knowing as seeing
The article analyzes metaphorical visually that underlies some of scientific and philosophical concepts. Naive and antique models of vision are explored in their connection with some basic concepts of cognition. Metaphorical visuality that is inherent in the concepts of image, idea, and theory is studied. The notion of clear and obscure concepts is explored.
ОБРАЗ, ИДЕЯ, ЭЙДОС, ТЕОРИЯ, КОНЦЕПТ-АНАЛИЗ, КОГНИТИВНАЯ МЕТАФОРА, ЯСНОСТЬ, ОТЧЕТЛИВОСТЬ, СМУТНЫЕ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ, МОДЕЛЬ ЗРЕНИЯ, IMAGE, IDEA, EIDOS, THEORY, CONCEPT ANALYSIS, COGNITIVE METAPHOR, CLARITY, DISTINCTNESS, OBSCURE IDEAS, MODEL OF SEEING
Статья посвящена анализу связанных с визуальностью метафор, лежащих в основе некоторых научных и философских понятий. Обсуждаются наивная и античная модели зрения и связанные с ними особенности понятийного аппарата. Анализируются модели познания, заложенные в метафорике категорий образа, теории и идеи. Исследуется дихотомия ясных и смутных представлений.
Metaphorical visuality in the concepts of cognition: Knowing as seeing
The article analyzes metaphorical visually that underlies some of scientific and philosophical concepts. Naive and antique models of vision are explored in their connection with some basic concepts of cognition. Metaphorical visuality that is inherent in the concepts of image, idea, and theory is studied. The notion of clear and obscure concepts is explored.
ОБРАЗ, ИДЕЯ, ЭЙДОС, ТЕОРИЯ, КОНЦЕПТ-АНАЛИЗ, КОГНИТИВНАЯ МЕТАФОРА, ЯСНОСТЬ, ОТЧЕТЛИВОСТЬ, СМУТНЫЕ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ, МОДЕЛЬ ЗРЕНИЯ, IMAGE, IDEA, EIDOS, THEORY, CONCEPT ANALYSIS, COGNITIVE METAPHOR, CLARITY, DISTINCTNESS, OBSCURE IDEAS, MODEL OF SEEING
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Рубрика из: Политическая наука. — М., 2016. — № 4. М.В. Ильин. Что может дать анализ перформативов? И.В. Фомин. Перформативы сецессии оспариваемых государств: Южная Осетия, Абхазия, Косово Е.А. Ефимова, Н.А. Конюхов, Д.А. Панфилов. Кто... more
Рубрика из: Политическая наука. — М., 2016. — № 4.
М.В. Ильин. Что может дать анализ перформативов?
И.В. Фомин. Перформативы сецессии оспариваемых государств: Южная Осетия, Абхазия, Косово
Е.А. Ефимова, Н.А. Конюхов, Д.А. Панфилов. Кто и как начал Первую мировую войну?
Д.В. Алексеев, А.М. Ильин, М.В. Ильин. Кто и как закончил Вторую мировую войну?
М.В. Ильин. Что может дать анализ перформативов?
И.В. Фомин. Перформативы сецессии оспариваемых государств: Южная Осетия, Абхазия, Косово
Е.А. Ефимова, Н.А. Конюхов, Д.А. Панфилов. Кто и как начал Первую мировую войну?
Д.В. Алексеев, А.М. Ильин, М.В. Ильин. Кто и как закончил Вторую мировую войну?
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Фомин И.В., Ильин М.В. Зачем семиотика политологам? // Политическая наука. — М., 2016. — № 3. — С. 12-29.
Research Interests:
В статье обсуждаются понятие образа и возможности анализа образов в политических исследованиях. Представлена семиотически ориентированная методика анализа образов как элементов дискурса. На основе некоторых положений структурной... more
В статье обсуждаются понятие образа и возможности анализа образов в политических исследованиях. Представлена семиотически ориентированная методика анализа образов как элементов дискурса. На основе некоторых положений структурной семиотики повествований и критического дискурс-анализа предложена cхема разбора образов, подразумевающая изучение их семантического, синтактического, прагматического аспектов. Процедуры анализа, входящие в предлагаемую схему разбора, предполагают выделение для каждого анализируемого образа характеризующих его семантических единиц, актантных ролей и прагматических стратегий. Возможности аналитической схемы проиллюстрированы на примере анализа образа Южной Осетии в российском внешнеполитическом дискурсе.
Ключевые слова: дискурс; дискурс-анализ; образ; образ государства; политический дискурс; политическая семиотика; репрезентация; российский политический дискурс; Южная Осетия.
I.V. Fomin
The category of image as a means of studying
the political reality (the example of the image of South Ossetia in the Russian foreign policy discourse)
The article discusses the concept of image and the perspectives of discursive image analysis in political studies. A semiotically oriented framework for discursive analysis of images is presented. Semantic, syntactic and pragmatic aspects of discursive representations are suggested to be analysed on the basis of structural narrative semiotics and critical discourse analysis. In the presented analytical scheme dis- cursive images are described as sets of semantic narrative units, actantial roles and pragmatic strategies. Possible applications of the scheme are illustrated by the analysis of the image of South Ossetia that is constructed in the discourse of Russian foreign policy.
Keywords: discourse; discourse analysis; image; images of states; political discourse; political semiotics; representation; Russian political discourse; South Ossetia.
Фомин И. В. Категория образа как средство изучения политической действительности (на примере образа Южной Осетии в российском внешнеполитическом дискурсе) // Символическая политика. — М., 2014. — № 2. — С. 40-65.
Ключевые слова: дискурс; дискурс-анализ; образ; образ государства; политический дискурс; политическая семиотика; репрезентация; российский политический дискурс; Южная Осетия.
I.V. Fomin
The category of image as a means of studying
the political reality (the example of the image of South Ossetia in the Russian foreign policy discourse)
The article discusses the concept of image and the perspectives of discursive image analysis in political studies. A semiotically oriented framework for discursive analysis of images is presented. Semantic, syntactic and pragmatic aspects of discursive representations are suggested to be analysed on the basis of structural narrative semiotics and critical discourse analysis. In the presented analytical scheme dis- cursive images are described as sets of semantic narrative units, actantial roles and pragmatic strategies. Possible applications of the scheme are illustrated by the analysis of the image of South Ossetia that is constructed in the discourse of Russian foreign policy.
Keywords: discourse; discourse analysis; image; images of states; political discourse; political semiotics; representation; Russian political discourse; South Ossetia.
Фомин И. В. Категория образа как средство изучения политической действительности (на примере образа Южной Осетии в российском внешнеполитическом дискурсе) // Символическая политика. — М., 2014. — № 2. — С. 40-65.
Research Interests:
Политические исследования в трансдисциплинарной перспективе: Возможности семиотического инструментария // Журнал «Политическая наука». 2015. № 2. C. 8-25 Аннотация Для современного социально-гуманитарного знания, и для политологии в... more
Политические исследования в трансдисциплинарной перспективе: Возможности семиотического инструментария
// Журнал «Политическая наука». 2015. № 2. C. 8-25
Аннотация
Для современного социально-гуманитарного знания, и для политологии в частности, характерна отчетливая тенденция к дисциплинарному и субдисциплинарному дроблению. Однако можно выделить ряд общих познавательных способностей (органонов-интеграторов), которые реализуются в отдельных дисциплинах, но при этом дисциплинарными барьерами не ограничиваются. И семиотика представляет такие возможности.
Abstract
In the contemporary social sciences and humanities, and in political studies in particular, there is a clear tendency of disciplinary and sub-disciplinary fragmentation. However it is possible to identify a number of general cognitive abilities (integrative organons) that are used in separate disciplines, but are not limited by disciplinary barriers. These transdisciplinary methodologies can integrate the science. Semiotics is one of these methodologies.
Ключевые слова
методология политической науки; методология; органоны; семиотика; трансдисциплинарность.
Keywords
methods of political science; methodology; organons; semiotics; transdisciplinarity.
Фомин И. В. Политические исследования в трансдисциплинарной перспективе: возможности семиотического инструментария // Политическая наука. — М., 2015. — № 2. — С. 8-25.
// Журнал «Политическая наука». 2015. № 2. C. 8-25
Аннотация
Для современного социально-гуманитарного знания, и для политологии в частности, характерна отчетливая тенденция к дисциплинарному и субдисциплинарному дроблению. Однако можно выделить ряд общих познавательных способностей (органонов-интеграторов), которые реализуются в отдельных дисциплинах, но при этом дисциплинарными барьерами не ограничиваются. И семиотика представляет такие возможности.
Abstract
In the contemporary social sciences and humanities, and in political studies in particular, there is a clear tendency of disciplinary and sub-disciplinary fragmentation. However it is possible to identify a number of general cognitive abilities (integrative organons) that are used in separate disciplines, but are not limited by disciplinary barriers. These transdisciplinary methodologies can integrate the science. Semiotics is one of these methodologies.
Ключевые слова
методология политической науки; методология; органоны; семиотика; трансдисциплинарность.
Keywords
methods of political science; methodology; organons; semiotics; transdisciplinarity.
Фомин И. В. Политические исследования в трансдисциплинарной перспективе: возможности семиотического инструментария // Политическая наука. — М., 2015. — № 2. — С. 8-25.
Research Interests:
Представлена семиотически ориентированная методика анализа образов государств. На основе наработок структурной семиотики повествований предложена схема разбора синтактики образов, подразумевающая изучение их с точки зрения актантных... more
Представлена семиотически ориентированная методика анализа образов государств. На основе наработок структурной семиотики повествований предложена схема разбора синтактики образов, подразумевающая изучение их с точки зрения актантных ролей, характерных для изображаемых государств в тех или иных дискурсах. Возможности актантной модели А.-Ж. Греймаса проиллюстрированы на примере сравнительного анализа образов Южной Осетии и Косова в российском внешнеполитическом дискурсе.
This article presents a semiotics-oriented methodology of analysing images of states. Based on the results obtained in the field of structural semiotics of narration, the author introduces a scheme for analysing the syntactics of images suggesting their consideration from the perspective of actantial roles characteristic of the states in question in certain discourses. A.J. Greimas's model of narrative syntactics is used to demonstrate how syntactic descriptions of images of states can be built in the case of Kosovo and South Ossetia as presented in official Russian political discourse.
Ключевые слова: Греймас, дискурс, Косово, образ, образ государства, синтактика, Южная Осетия.
Key words: discourse, Greimas, image, image of state, Kosovo, syntactics, South Ossetia.
Фомин И. В. Модели повествовательной синтактики как инструмент анализа образов государств // Вестник БФУ им. Канта. — Калининград, 2014. — № 6. — С. 94–102.
This article presents a semiotics-oriented methodology of analysing images of states. Based on the results obtained in the field of structural semiotics of narration, the author introduces a scheme for analysing the syntactics of images suggesting their consideration from the perspective of actantial roles characteristic of the states in question in certain discourses. A.J. Greimas's model of narrative syntactics is used to demonstrate how syntactic descriptions of images of states can be built in the case of Kosovo and South Ossetia as presented in official Russian political discourse.
Ключевые слова: Греймас, дискурс, Косово, образ, образ государства, синтактика, Южная Осетия.
Key words: discourse, Greimas, image, image of state, Kosovo, syntactics, South Ossetia.
Фомин И. В. Модели повествовательной синтактики как инструмент анализа образов государств // Вестник БФУ им. Канта. — Калининград, 2014. — № 6. — С. 94–102.
Research Interests: Discourse Analysis, Discourse, Kosovo, Political Discourse Analysis, South Ossetia, and 14 moreImages, Political Discourse, Unrecognized States, Non-Recognized States, Syntactics, Country Image, дискурс анализ, Косово, Косово и Метохија, политический дискурс, Южная Осетия, Image of the State, имидж, and образ
Статья посвящена рассмотрению семиотики и меметики в качестве двух теоретико-методолгических конструкций, каждая из которых по-своему может претендовать на то, чтобы стать трансдисциплинарным методологическим фундаментом для гуманитарных... more
Статья посвящена рассмотрению семиотики и меметики в качестве двух теоретико-методолгических конструкций, каждая из которых по-своему может претендовать на то, чтобы стать трансдисциплинарным методологическим фундаментом для гуманитарных наук. В чем семиотика и меметика могут друг друга дополнить? Где пересекаются области их компетенции? В чем их сильные и слабые стороны?
Ключевые слова: методология гуманитарных наук; мем; меметика; морфология; семиотика; эволюционный институционализм.
I. Fomin
Integrating the humanities: Semiotics or memetics?
The article explores semiotics and memetics as two concepts that both seek to play the role of transdisciplinary integrators for humanities. How can they complement each other? Where do their competences overlap? What are their strengths and weaknesses?
Keywords: methods of humanities; morphology; meme; memetics; semiotics; evolutionary institutionalism.
Фомин И.В. Cемиотика или меметика? К вопросу о способах интеграции социально-гуманитарного знания // МЕТОД: Московский ежегодник трудов из обществоведческих дисциплин. — М., 2015. — Вып. 5. — С. 208-219.
Ключевые слова: методология гуманитарных наук; мем; меметика; морфология; семиотика; эволюционный институционализм.
I. Fomin
Integrating the humanities: Semiotics or memetics?
The article explores semiotics and memetics as two concepts that both seek to play the role of transdisciplinary integrators for humanities. How can they complement each other? Where do their competences overlap? What are their strengths and weaknesses?
Keywords: methods of humanities; morphology; meme; memetics; semiotics; evolutionary institutionalism.
Фомин И.В. Cемиотика или меметика? К вопросу о способах интеграции социально-гуманитарного знания // МЕТОД: Московский ежегодник трудов из обществоведческих дисциплин. — М., 2015. — Вып. 5. — С. 208-219.
Research Interests: Semiotics, Social Research Methods and Methodology, Research Methods and Methodology, Research Methodology, Methodology, and 9 moreQualitative methodology, Qualitative Methods, Qualitative Research Methods, теория и методология истории и гуманитарного знания, Memetics, Семиотика, методология качественных исследований, методология социальных наук, and меметика
Статья посвящена рассмотрению семиотики и меметики в качестве двух теоретико-методологических конструкций, каждая из которых по-своему может претендовать на то, чтобы стать трансдисциплинарным методологическим фундаментом для гуманитарных... more
Статья посвящена рассмотрению семиотики и меметики в качестве двух теоретико-методологических конструкций, каждая из которых по-своему может претендовать на то, чтобы стать трансдисциплинарным методологическим фундаментом для гуманитарных наук. Семиотика с ее теоретико-методологическими концепциями, позволяющими препарировать отнюдь не только тексты на естественных языках, но и вообще любую знаково оформленную действительность, в перспективе может сыграть для гуманитарных наук ту же роль, какую для естественных играет математика. Но в настоящий момент семиотические методы исследований существуют только как россыпь отдельных приемов, которые разбросаны по различным дисциплинам, школам, направлениям и исследовательским традициям. Для того чтобы семиотика в полной мере стала интегрирующей методологией, пронизывающие это пространство базовые семиотические концепции должны быть с этой точки зрения отрефлексированы. При этом понятие знака, выступающее в качестве базового концепта для семиотики, отнюдь не является единственными претендентом на роль элементарной категории описания осмысленного человеком мира. В различных попытках описания форм, обеспечивающих существование, развитие и воспроизводство человеческой культуры, мы сталкиваемся с целым набором концептов (миф, образ, идея, метафора и т.п.), которые представляются схожими, но при этом всегда оставляют пространство для сомнений в своей тождественности, а потому продолжают существовать параллельно. Одно из самых молодых таких слов – мем. Из мемов, согласно концепции меметики (науки о мемах), состоит любая культурная информация, точно так же, как биологическая информация состоит из генов. Однако может ли меметика пойти дальше этого своего исходного наблюдения? Можно ли ее использовать как действующий аналитический инструмент? Может ли меметика быть дополнена семиотикой и в чем? Каковы сильные и слабые стороны этих двух теоретико-методологических рамок?
Фомин И. В. Семиотика или меметика? К вопросу о способах интеграции социально-гуманитарного знания. – Полис. Политические исследования. 2015. № 3. С. 72-84. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17976/jpps/2015.03.05
Фомин И. В. Семиотика или меметика? К вопросу о способах интеграции социально-гуманитарного знания. – Полис. Политические исследования. 2015. № 3. С. 72-84. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17976/jpps/2015.03.05
Research Interests:
Диссертация на соискание ученой степени кандидата политических наук. Диссертация посвящена выработке целостной теоретико-методологической рамки для анализа образов государств. Образы предлагается рассматривать как знаки, нагруженные в... more
Диссертация на соискание ученой степени кандидата политических наук.
Диссертация посвящена выработке целостной теоретико-методологической рамки для анализа образов государств. Образы предлагается рассматривать как знаки, нагруженные в рамках вторичной семиологической системы дополнительными, образными означаемыми. Образные означаемые наполняются фактурой политической действительности и являются специфическими для каждого конкретного дискурса. На основе теоретико-методологических элементов структурной семиотики повествований и критического дискурс-анализа предложена схема разбора образов, подразумевающая систематическое описание на уровне второй семиологической системы их семантического, синтактического и прагматического аспектов. Процедуры дискурс-анализа, входящие в предлагаемую схему, предполагают выделение для каждого анализируемого образа характеризующих его семантических единиц, актантных ролей и дискурсивных стратегий. Схема позволяет систематически описывать и сравнивать образы государств, а также соотносить полученные выводы с фактами политической действительности. Предложенный инструментарий опробован на примере исследования, посвященного дискурс-анализу образов Южной Осетии и Косова в официальном российском внешнеполитическом дискурсе 2008-2012 гг.
Диссертация посвящена выработке целостной теоретико-методологической рамки для анализа образов государств. Образы предлагается рассматривать как знаки, нагруженные в рамках вторичной семиологической системы дополнительными, образными означаемыми. Образные означаемые наполняются фактурой политической действительности и являются специфическими для каждого конкретного дискурса. На основе теоретико-методологических элементов структурной семиотики повествований и критического дискурс-анализа предложена схема разбора образов, подразумевающая систематическое описание на уровне второй семиологической системы их семантического, синтактического и прагматического аспектов. Процедуры дискурс-анализа, входящие в предлагаемую схему, предполагают выделение для каждого анализируемого образа характеризующих его семантических единиц, актантных ролей и дискурсивных стратегий. Схема позволяет систематически описывать и сравнивать образы государств, а также соотносить полученные выводы с фактами политической действительности. Предложенный инструментарий опробован на примере исследования, посвященного дискурс-анализу образов Южной Осетии и Косова в официальном российском внешнеполитическом дискурсе 2008-2012 гг.
Research Interests:
Автореферат диссертации на соискание ученой степени кандидата политических наук. Диссертация посвящена выработке целостной теоретико-методологической рамки для анализа образов государств. Образы предлагается рассматривать как знаки,... more
Автореферат диссертации на соискание ученой степени кандидата политических наук.
Диссертация посвящена выработке целостной теоретико-методологической рамки для анализа образов государств. Образы предлагается рассматривать как знаки, нагруженные в рамках вторичной семиологической системы дополнительными, образными означаемыми. Образные означаемые наполняются фактурой политической действительности и являются специфическими для каждого конкретного дискурса. На основе теоретико-методологических элементов структурной семиотики повествований и критического дискурс-анализа предложена схема разбора образов, подразумевающая систематическое описание на уровне второй семиологической системы их семантического, синтактического и прагматического аспектов. Процедуры дискурс-анализа, входящие в предлагаемую схему, предполагают выделение для каждого анализируемого образа характеризующих его семантических единиц, актантных ролей и дискурсивных стратегий. Схема позволяет систематически описывать и сравнивать образы государств, а также соотносить полученные выводы с фактами политической действительности. Предложенный инструментарий опробован на примере исследования, посвященного дискурс-анализу образов Южной Осетии и Косова в официальном российском внешнеполитическом дискурсе 2008-2012 гг.
Диссертация посвящена выработке целостной теоретико-методологической рамки для анализа образов государств. Образы предлагается рассматривать как знаки, нагруженные в рамках вторичной семиологической системы дополнительными, образными означаемыми. Образные означаемые наполняются фактурой политической действительности и являются специфическими для каждого конкретного дискурса. На основе теоретико-методологических элементов структурной семиотики повествований и критического дискурс-анализа предложена схема разбора образов, подразумевающая систематическое описание на уровне второй семиологической системы их семантического, синтактического и прагматического аспектов. Процедуры дискурс-анализа, входящие в предлагаемую схему, предполагают выделение для каждого анализируемого образа характеризующих его семантических единиц, актантных ролей и дискурсивных стратегий. Схема позволяет систематически описывать и сравнивать образы государств, а также соотносить полученные выводы с фактами политической действительности. Предложенный инструментарий опробован на примере исследования, посвященного дискурс-анализу образов Южной Осетии и Косова в официальном российском внешнеполитическом дискурсе 2008-2012 гг.
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В статье представлены результаты комплексного сравнительного семиотического анализа образов Южной Осетии и Косова в российском внешнеполитическом дискурсе. Исследованы семантические, синтаксические и прагматические аспекты репрезентации... more
В статье представлены результаты комплексного сравнительного семиотического анализа образов Южной Осетии и Косова в российском внешнеполитическом дискурсе. Исследованы семантические, синтаксические и прагматические аспекты репрезентации этих государственных образований в официальных российских текстах. Показано, как влияет на дискурсивно конструируемые образы факт признания/непризнания государств и какими дискурсивными средствами могут дифференцироваться схожие ситуации сецессии.
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Статья посвящена рассмотрению категории социальной воображаемости (social imaginary). Анализируются и сопоставляются концепции социальной воображаемости К. Касториадиса и Ч. Тейлора. Обсуждается сущность социального воображаемого, его... more
Статья посвящена рассмотрению категории социальной воображаемости (social imaginary). Анализируются и сопоставляются концепции социальной воображаемости К. Касториадиса и Ч. Тейлора. Обсуждается сущность социального воображаемого, его онтологический статус и роль воображаемого в жизни общества. Также рассматривается вопрос о месте категории воображаемого в обществоведческом понятийном аппарате.
Ключевые слова: социальная воображаемость; воображаемое; Касториадис; Тейлор.
The category of social imaginary
The article explores the category of social imaginary. The conceptions of social imaginary proposed by C. Castoriadis and C. Taylor are analyzed and compared. The nature of social imaginary, its ontological status and its functions are studied. The analytical potential of the concept is also discussed.
Keywords: social imaginary; imaginary; Castoriadis; Taylor.
Ключевые слова: социальная воображаемость; воображаемое; Касториадис; Тейлор.
The category of social imaginary
The article explores the category of social imaginary. The conceptions of social imaginary proposed by C. Castoriadis and C. Taylor are analyzed and compared. The nature of social imaginary, its ontological status and its functions are studied. The analytical potential of the concept is also discussed.
Keywords: social imaginary; imaginary; Castoriadis; Taylor.
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The article explores the nature of verbal images and presents a way of analyzing them. An image is regarded as a linguistic sign that is discursively charged with an additional, iconically functioning signified. The article proposes a... more
The article explores the nature of verbal images and presents a way of analyzing them. An image is regarded as a linguistic sign that is discursively charged with an additional, iconically functioning signified. The article proposes a model of structural analysis of images, consisting of three levels: (1) functions, (2) actions and (3) pragmatics.
Key words: image, verbal image, discourse, discourse analysis, political discourse, actant, structural analysis of text
В статье рассматривается вопрос об устройстве языковых образов и о возможностях их исследования. Образ представляется как языковой знак, дискурсивно нагруженный дополнительным образным означаемым, функционирующим по иконическому принципу. Предлагается модель структурного анализа образов как элементов дискурса, распадающаяся на три уровня: уровень функций, уровень действий, уровень прагматики.
Ключевые слова: образ, языковой образ, вербальный образ, дискурс, дискурс-анализ, политический дискурс, актант, структурный анализ текста.
Key words: image, verbal image, discourse, discourse analysis, political discourse, actant, structural analysis of text
В статье рассматривается вопрос об устройстве языковых образов и о возможностях их исследования. Образ представляется как языковой знак, дискурсивно нагруженный дополнительным образным означаемым, функционирующим по иконическому принципу. Предлагается модель структурного анализа образов как элементов дискурса, распадающаяся на три уровня: уровень функций, уровень действий, уровень прагматики.
Ключевые слова: образ, языковой образ, вербальный образ, дискурс, дискурс-анализ, политический дискурс, актант, структурный анализ текста.
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MA thesis summary
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The research presented is a part of the project of multi-aspect analysis of the discourse of emerging states. The goal of the research is to define (by means of cognitive mapping) what are the cognitive structures on which the discourses... more
The research presented is a part of the project of multi-aspect analysis of the discourse of emerging states. The goal of the research is to define (by means of cognitive mapping) what are the cognitive structures on which the discourses of declara/ons of independence are based.
Texts analyzed:
1. “United States Declaration of Independence” (1776)
2. “Declaration about the Independence of Republic of South Ossetia” (1991)
3. “Act of State Independence of Republic of Abkhazia” (1999)
Texts analyzed:
1. “United States Declaration of Independence” (1776)
2. “Declaration about the Independence of Republic of South Ossetia” (1991)
3. “Act of State Independence of Republic of Abkhazia” (1999)
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South Ossetian and Abkhazian cases of secession are often colligated. [Meleshkina, 2009:79] The goal of this paper is to search for differences between them by using cognitive mapping and discourse analysis techniques. Cognitive mapping... more
South Ossetian and Abkhazian cases of secession are often colligated. [Meleshkina, 2009:79] The goal of this paper is to search for differences between them by using cognitive mapping and discourse analysis techniques.
Cognitive mapping methodology applied in this research is based on the triadic typology of pre-understandings (nominalistic, holistic, structural). [Bonham et al., 1997:217-219, Sergeev, 1991:3-6]
The Ossetian text is thus qualified as a manifestation of structural type, while the Abkhazian one is seen a combination of holistic (1st part) and structural (2nd part) types.
Discourse analysis also reveals distinctions.
The Ossetian argumentative strategy is characterized with victimisation of Ossetians and with attribution of negativity to Georgia. The independence is interpreted instrumentally, as a means of survival.
The Abkhazian text is different. In its first part the motif of struggle dominates, but the number of mentions of Georgia is minimized. Struggle for independence is interpreted as an inviolable process that cannot be directly influenced. In the second part a different set of argumentative tools is used. The independence is positioned as a result of democratic procedures and is legitimized with international norms.
Thus, Ossetian and Abkhazian discursive approaches to secession differ, so these two cases should be colligated carefully.
References
1. BONHAM, G. M., V. M. SERGEEV AND P. B. PARSHIN (1997) The Limited Test-Ban Agreement: Emergence of New Knowledge Structures in International Negotiation. International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 215-240.
2. MELESHKINA, E .U. (2009) Post-soviet nation and state building: unrecognized states. Publications of the 5th RISA Convention, Vol. 18, pp. 79-88.
3. SERGEEV, V. M. (1991) Precedent Logic and the Building of International Order: Using the Past to Construct the Future. Paper presented at the 32nd Annual Convention of the ISA, Vancouver.
Cognitive mapping methodology applied in this research is based on the triadic typology of pre-understandings (nominalistic, holistic, structural). [Bonham et al., 1997:217-219, Sergeev, 1991:3-6]
The Ossetian text is thus qualified as a manifestation of structural type, while the Abkhazian one is seen a combination of holistic (1st part) and structural (2nd part) types.
Discourse analysis also reveals distinctions.
The Ossetian argumentative strategy is characterized with victimisation of Ossetians and with attribution of negativity to Georgia. The independence is interpreted instrumentally, as a means of survival.
The Abkhazian text is different. In its first part the motif of struggle dominates, but the number of mentions of Georgia is minimized. Struggle for independence is interpreted as an inviolable process that cannot be directly influenced. In the second part a different set of argumentative tools is used. The independence is positioned as a result of democratic procedures and is legitimized with international norms.
Thus, Ossetian and Abkhazian discursive approaches to secession differ, so these two cases should be colligated carefully.
References
1. BONHAM, G. M., V. M. SERGEEV AND P. B. PARSHIN (1997) The Limited Test-Ban Agreement: Emergence of New Knowledge Structures in International Negotiation. International Studies Quarterly, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 215-240.
2. MELESHKINA, E .U. (2009) Post-soviet nation and state building: unrecognized states. Publications of the 5th RISA Convention, Vol. 18, pp. 79-88.
3. SERGEEV, V. M. (1991) Precedent Logic and the Building of International Order: Using the Past to Construct the Future. Paper presented at the 32nd Annual Convention of the ISA, Vancouver.
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In this paper I examine the image of the Other in “terrorism related” articles of American broadsheet newspapers. I distinguish 3 aspects of the discourse analyzed: “Characteristics of the Other”, “Us and Them” and “The Other as a... more
In this paper I examine the image of the Other in “terrorism related” articles of American broadsheet newspapers. I distinguish 3 aspects of the discourse analyzed: “Characteristics of the Other”, “Us and Them” and “The Other as a threat”. I explore strategies and devices used to represent the Other in each of those aspects. I also reveal underlying Islamophobic, Orientalist and other ideologies of the discourse studied.
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The paper gives an analysis of the discourse of Russian political movement "Eurasian Youth Union". In this essay I am seeking to define distinctive features and dominating motives of the discourse studied and to present a worldview... more
The paper gives an analysis of the discourse of Russian political movement "Eurasian Youth Union". In this essay I am seeking to define distinctive features and dominating motives of the discourse studied and to present a worldview inherent in it. The research is mainly based on examining the vocabulary of "Eurasian Youth Union" Catechism" and is supplemented with an attempt to analyse organization's manifestations as parts of the discourse.