fasti F fattir

(2) steadfast, constant (fasthaldr á sinni fasta, to make a firm agreement.

fyrirætlan); -heitinn, a. true to one’s fast-ráðinn, pp. determined (-ráðinn í
word; -heldi, f. (1) closeness, parsimony; e-u); hafa e-t ráðit, to have made up one’s
(2) tenacity constancy; -hendr, a. close- mind (about); -ríki, n. strong rule, tyran-
fisted. ny; -settr, pp. fast-rooted (-sett villa);
fasti, m. poet. fire; fœra e-n í fasta, to -tekinn, pp. determined, resolved (hafa
bring one into a strait. e-t fast-tekit með sér, -tekinn í e-u);
fastla, adv. = fastliga. -tœkr, a. headstrong, stubborn; -úðigr,
fast-liga, adv. firmly, strongly; trúa a. staunch, firm of mind; -úðliga, adv.
-liga, to believe firmly; e-t horfir -liga, it firmly; -úðligr, adv. = -úðigr; -vingr, a.
looks hard, difficult; vera -liga kominn, steadfast as friend, = vinfastr; -yrðr, a. =
to be set fast; -ligr, a. fast, firm, strong; -orðr.
-lyndr, a. firm, strong-minded; -máll, a. fat, n. (1) vat, vessel, pail (kona vildi
trusty; -mæli, n. pl. fast engagement (bin- bera vatn en hafði ekki f.); eitt fat (bas-
da e-t fastmælum). ket) með vínberjum; (2) luggage, baggage
fastna (að), v. (1) to pledge, promise (bera föt sín á skip, bera föt á land); (3)
solemnly (f. e-m lögbót); (2) to betroth article of clothing, garment, pl. (föt),
(fastnaði Mörðr Hrúti dóttur sína); f. sér clothes, dress (hann hafði föt sín í fangi
konu, to engage a wife; refl. fastnast, to be sér, en sjálfr var hann naktr).
betrothed. fata, f. pail, bucket.
fastnaðar-mál, n. = festarmál; -öl, fata (að), v. to step, = feta.
n. = festaröl. fata-búningr, m. apparel; -búr, n.
fastnaðr (-ar), m. betrothal. wardrobe; -gørvi, n. luggage, gear; -hes-
fastnandi (pl. -endr), m. betrother. tr, m. pack-horse; -hirzla, f. wardrobe;
fast-næmr, a. (1) close-fisted; (2) firm, -hrúga, f. heap of clothes; -kista, f. clol-
trusty (-næmr við vini sína). hes-chest.
fast-orðr, a. true to one’s word. fatlaðr, pp. impeded; fjötri fatlaðr,
fastr, a. (1) fast, firm, sticking fast to fettered.

F
the spot; hrútr f. (held fast, entangled) á fat-lauss, a. (1) without clothes, =
meðal viða; f. á velli, standing fast (in bat- klæðlauss; (2) without luggage.
tle); standa f. fyrir, to stand fast (firm); fatl-byrðr, f. a burden fastened with
(2) close, close-fisted; f. ok fégjarn, close straps (cf. ‘fetill’).
and covetous; f. af e-u, sparing of (f. af fatnaðr (gen. -ar), m. clothing.
drykk); (3) of a meeting: þá er sók- fat-prúðr, a. dressy, finely dressed;
narþing er fast, during the session; (4) -prýði, f. dressiness.
firm, faithful (fast heit, loforð, föst trú); fatr, n. impediment, delay.
fullr ok f., definitive, permanent (þessi fatrast (að), v. refl. to be entangled
grið skulu vera full ok föst); (5) strong, or impeded in a thing (fatrast mjök fyrir
hard (f. bardagi); fast atkvæði, hard syl- honum).
lable (ending in a double consonant); (6) fats-töturr, m. tatters.
til fasta, fast, firmly; ráða, mæla, heita til fattir, a. (easily) bowed backwards.

157
fatt-skolptaðr F fá
fatt-skolptaðr, a. with upturned they could not catch him: skaltu hvergi fá
snout. undan hokat, thou shall have no chance
fauska-gröptr, m. digging dry logs of sneaking away; hann fekk þó eigi víss
out of the earth for fuel. orðit, he could not make out for certain; (8)
fauskr (-s, -ar), m. a rotten dry log with gen., to get, take, gain, win; þeir fen-
(fúinn fauskr, forn fauskr). gu fjár mikils, they took a rich booty; vel
fax, n. mane; poet., vallar fax, the er þess fengit, it is well earned, well done;
field’s mane, wood. hann var eigi skáld, ok hann hafði ei þeir-
faxaðr, pp. maned, having a mane. rar listar fengit, he had not received that
fá (fæ; fekk, fengum; fenginn), v. gift: fá verðar, to take a meal; hann tekk
(1) to grasp with the hands, get hold of; sér sveitar (he raised a band) ok gørðist il-
hón hefir fengit einn stein, she has taken lvirki; fá konu, to get a wife, marry (hon
a stone; (2) to take, capture (fengu þeir var átján vetra, er þorsteinn fekk hen-
Gunnar); (3) to get, gain, win; sá fær er fr- nar); (9) to conceive, of sheep and cattle
jár, he that woos wins; fá fljóðs ást to win (fá burðar, lambs); (10) to touch, affect;
a woman’s love; hann bað konunnar ok þat fekk mikils hinum hertekna manni,
fekk heitit hennar, he asked the woman in it touched the captive deeply, þá fær þor-
marriage and got the promise of her hand; birni svá. mjök (Th. was so much moved),
fá sitt eyrindi, to accomplish one’s errand; at hann grætr; (11) impers., one can get or
fá haærra hlut, to get the better of it; fá find; vápn svá góð, at eigi fær önnur slík,
góðar viðtökur, to get a good reception; fá that the like are not to be got; at varla fái
skilning á e-u, to get knowledge of; (4) to vitrara mann, that a wiser man is hardly to
suffer endure; fá úsigr, to be defeated; fá be found; also, one may or can (do some-
skaða, to suffer harm; fá úvit, to fall sense- thing); þat skip fær vel varit eldi, that
less, to faint; fá líflát, to fall lifeless; fá ship can well be guarded against fire; (12)
bana, to come by one’s death; (5) to get, with preps.; fá af sér (with infin.) to bring
procure; hann fekk sér gott kvánfang, he oneself to; þeir fengu af verra, they got the
got a good wife; (6) to give, deliver to one, worse of it; fá at veizlu, brúkaupi, blóti,
put into one’s hands; fá mér (give me) lep- to get provisions for a feast (hann fekk at
pa tvá ór hári þinu; fáit nú konungi fes- blóti miklu); sá dagr er at jólum skal fá,
tu (give the king bail) þá er honum líki; the day when preparations are to be made
fá e-m sök, to charge one; var sá sveinn for Yule (cf. ‘atfangadagr’); fá á e-u, to get
fenginn í hendr okkr, delivered into our hold of, grasp with the hand; faðir Móða
hands; fá e-m e-t at geyma, to give a thing fekk á þremi, the father of M. caught hold
into one’s charge (= fá e-m e-t til geym- of the brim; fá e-n, to touch, affect one,
slu); (7) with pp. following, to be able to; move (opt fá á horskan lostfagrir, litir);
fá e-n veiddan, to be able to catch one; hon láta e-t á sik fá, to be (deeply) affected by,
fœr með engu móti vakit þá, she could take it to heart; drykkr fær á e-n, the drink
by no means awaken them; þeir munu mik intoxicates one (er drykkr fekk á Hákon
aldri fá sótt, they will never be able to jarl); fá í e-t, to take hold of, grasp with the
overcome me; fengu þeir honum ekki nát, hand (= fá á e-u); forðuðu fingrum, fen-

158
fá F fá-lyndi
gu í snœri, they took hold of the strings; the earth; (5) to worship (f. heiðin goð).
fá e-t or e-s til, to get, procure (var kirkja fágan, f. worship (f. guða).
gör ok kennimanna til fengit); fá e-n til fáganar-maðr, m. worshipper.
at gøra e-t, to get one to do a thing; þeir fágandi (pl. -endr), m., fágari, m.
fengu menn til at ryðja skip sitt, they got cultivator, worshipper (víngarðs fágandi,
men to clear their ship fá til e-s, to lay fágari skurðgoða).
hold of; þar var fjöld fjár, fengu til mar- fá-glýjaðr, pp. of little glee, sad.
gir, there was wealth of money, and many fágu-ligr, a. neatly polished.
took a share of it; (13) refl., fást í e-u, to fá-gætr, a. scarce, rare, uncommon;
be busy, exert oneself, engage in a matter -heyrðr, pp., -heyriligr, a. unusual;
(dróttningin mátti þar ekki í fást); Helgi -hjúaðr, a. few in family (var þár
leitaði þá, ef Sigurðr vildi í fást við Þor- fáhjúat); -hœfr, a. of little use.
vald, if S. would try with Th.; segir hann fái, m. image, figure.
ljúga ok fást í rógi, and deal in slander; fáinn, a. polished, stained.
fást við e-t = f. í e-u; f. við e-n, to have fá-kátr, a. sad, in low spirits.
to do with, to contend with one (H. segist fák-hestr, m. = fákr.
þá vilja … fást eigi við fjánda þenna); to fá-klæddr, pp. having few clothes only
wrestle (grapple) with one (skaltu fást við thinly clad.
blámann várn). fákr (-s, -ar), m. horse (poet.).
fá (fá, fáða, fáðr), v. to draw, paint; fá-kunnandi, f., -kunnasta, f. igno-
fá rúnar, to draw runes or magic charac- rance; -kunnigr, a. ignorant;
ters; vér höfum fáða unga brúði á vegg, -kunnleikr, m. = -kunnasta; -kunnli-
we have painted the young bride on the gr, a. unusual, rare; -kynsl, n. pl., -kyn-
wall; gulli fáðr, gilded. str, n. shocking accident.
fá-bygðr, pp. thinly peopled. fála, f. giantess, hag, witch.
fádœma-mikill, a. uncommonly great fá-látr, a. silent, reserved; -leikr, m.
(högg fádœma-mikit). coldness, melancholy (taka fáleika ok
fá-dœmi, pl. exceptional things; vera úgfleði); -liða, a. indecl., -liðaðr,

F
með fádœmum, to be exceptional, porten- -liða, a. with few followers; -liga, adv.
tuous; -dœmiligr, a. exceptional, extra- coldly (fell með þeim heldrfáliga); -ligr,
ordinary. a. cold, reserved.
fádœmis-heimska, f. extraordinary fálka-kaup, n. purchase of falcons;
foolishness; fá-einir, a. pl. only a few (= -veiðr, f. catching of falcons.
fáir einir); -frœðr, a. ignorant; -frœði, fálki, m. falcon.
f. want of knowledge, ignorance. fálma (að), v. to fumble, grope about (f.
fága (að), v. (1) to adorn, embellish höndum, saxi); f. til e-s, to try to get hold
(gjörð fáguð með brögðum); (2) to polish, of one (Hrappr vildi f. til mín); (2) flinch
clean = fægja (hún fágar ok þvær fœtr (f. af hræzlu).
þeirra allra); (3) to take care (charge) of, to fá-lyndi, n. steadfastness, faithfulness;
tend (f. farsælulausa, sjúka); (4) to culti- -lyndr, a. steadfast, faithful, opp. to
vate (f. rangan átrúnáð); f. jörðina, to till ‘fjöllyndr’; -máligr, a. chary of words,

159
fár F fá-tœkr
reticent; -menni, n. few people; -mennr, ef þú fœti drepr; (2) dangerous illness (lá
a. having few followers (fara fámennt); hann í þessu fári nær viku); (3) fraud false
-mæltr, a. = -máligr; -nefndr, pp. sel- dealing.
dom mentioned; -nýtr, a. of little use; fá-ráðr, a. perplexed, helpless.
-orðr, a. sparing of words. fár-hugr, m. wrath, grudge; -kaldi,
fár (fá, fátt; compar. færi or færri, m. piercing coldness (-kuldi veðrs);
superl. fæstr), a. (1) few; með fá liði við -leikr, m. disaster; liga. adv. (1) wrath-
fá menn, with few men; fáir (= fáir menn), fully; (2) abominably; -ligr, a. harmful,
few; fáir einir, only a few; í fám orðum, disastrous; -ramr, a. terribly strong.
in few, words; the sing. often instead of fárs-fullr, a. ill-natured, malignant.
plur., esp. in old sayings (fár er fagr, ef fárs-skapr, m. fierceness.
grætr; f. bregðr hinu betra, ef hann veit fárs-kona, f. wicked woman; -maðr,
hit verra); neut. fátt, few things (fátt veit m. wicked man.
sá er sefr); var eigi boðit færa en hun- fár-sótt, f. pestilence; -verkr, m. se-
draði, no fewer than a hundred were in- vere pain; -viðri, n. baleful weather, tem-
vited; fátt af þeirra mönnum, only a few pest; -yðri, n. pl. foul language.
of their men; with gen., fátt manna, few fá-rœddr, pp. little spoken of (þar var
men; fátt góðs, but little good: þeir ugðu fárœt um); -rœðinn, a. chary of words (=
fátt at sér, they feared little for their own fámáligr, fáorðr); -sénn, a. seldom seen,
safety; with numerals, fátt í, less than, rare; -sinni, n. loneliness, isolation;
short of, save; vetri fátt í fjóra tigu, forty -skiptinn, a. little meddling, quiet;
years all but one, thirty-nine years; lítit -skrúðigr, -skrúðligr, a. meagre,
fátt í fimm tigi vetra, little short of fifty poor; -skýrliga, adv. foolishly (spyrja
years; hálfum eyri fátt í átta merkr, eight fáskrliga); -skýrligr, a. foolish, silly;
marks less half an ounce; sex menn it fæs- -staðar, adv. in few places; -talaðr, pp.
ta, six men at least; (2) cold, reserved, in (1) = -orðr; (2) having few vowel-sounds;
low spirits = fálátr; var þá Gunnarr við -tíðindi, n. pl. rare occurrence; -tíðli-
hana leng fár, was cold to her for a long ga, adv. rarely; -tiðligr, a., -tíðr, a.
time; neut. fátt, coolness: var fátt um með uncommon, rare; -tœkdómr, m. poverty;
þeim brœðrum the brothers were on indif- -tœki, n. want, poverty; ganga á fátœki,
ferent terms; fátt var með þeim Hrúti um to go a begging; fátœkis-dómr, m. =
samfarar, there was a coolness between H. fátœkdómr; -fölk, n. poor folk; -land,
and his wife: hvárt er var í milli þeirra n. land of affliction; -lið, n. poor people;
mart eða fátt, whether they, stood on good -maðr, m. poor man.
or bad terms, were friendly or not. fátœk-leikr, m. poverty; -liga, adv.
fár, n. (1) bale, harm, mischief; lesa f. poorly; -ligr, a. poorly, poor.
um e-n, to speak foul calumnies of one; af fá-tœkr, a. poor; -tœkt, f. poverty;
fári, from evil passion; ef ek vissa þat f. -vingaðr, pp. having few friends (hafa
fyrir, if I could foresee that bale; full skal fávingat); -vitr, a. unwise, foolish, silly;
signa ok við fára sjá, and so prevent harm -vitra, -vizka, f. unwisdom, folly;
from it; þat er f. mikit (‘tis a bad omen), -vizkr, a. = fávitr; -víss, a. foolish.

160
fé F fé-grið
fé (gen. fjár), n. (1) cattle, esp. sheep; ed, = fastr af fé; -fátt, a. n. in want of
þeir ráku féit (the sheep) upp á geilarnar; money (e-m er or verðr féfátt); -fellir,
gæta fjár, to herd or tend sheep; ganganda m. loss of sheep (from plague or starva-
fé, live stock, opp. to ‘dautt fé’, or ‘ligg- tion); -festi, f. close-fistedness; -fletta
janda fé,’ valuables, money; (2) property, (-tta, -ttr), v. to strip (one) of money,
money (hvárt sem fé þat er land eðr annat cheat (one); -frekr, a. greedy for money;
fé); fyrirgøra fé ok fjörvi, to forfeit prop- -föng, n. pl. booty, plunder, spoil, cf. ‘fé-
erty and life; fé er fjörvi firr, life is dearer fang’; -gefinn, pp. given for (and to)
than money; fé veldr frænda rógi, money gain.
makes foes of kinsmen; afla sér fjár ok fegin-leikr, m. joyfulness.
frægðar (frama), to gain wealth and fame; feginn, a. glad, joyful; verða f. to re-
hér er fé þat (the money), er Gunnarr joice; fegnari en frá megi segja, happy be-
greiddi; þiggit þat, herra, fé er í því, there yond description; with dat., Ingi konungr
is value in it; pl. fé (dat. fjám), property, varð honum hinn fegnasti, king Ingi was
means. delighted with his coming; illu f. ver þú
féauðnu-maðr, m. a man lucky with aldrigi, never rejoice in mischief; taka við
his sheep; fé-boð, n. offer of money. e-m fegins hendi, to receive one joyfully,
fébóta-laust, adv. without any com- with heart and hand; finnast á fegins degi,
pensation being paid. to meet on the day of joy, at the resurrec-
fé-brögð, n. pl. devices for making tion.
money; -bœtr, f. pl. compensation, esp. fegin-saga, f. joyfull news; -samliga,
as weregild, opposed to ‘mannhefndir’. adv. joyfully; -samligr, a. joyful.
feðgar, m. pl. father and son (or sons); fé-girnd, -girni, f. avarice; -gjald, n.
við f. we, father and son; vin þeirra Sturlu payment, fine; -gjarn, a. covetous, avari-
feðga, a friend of Sturla and his father. cous; -gjöf, f. gift of money; -gloggr, a.
feðgin, n. (1) father or mother close-handed; -góðr, a. good, current (i
(hvárttveggja feðginit); (2) pl. parents; fégóðum peningum).
várra fyrstu feðgina, of our first parents; fegra (að or -ða), v. to embellish,

F
f. eða ná-frændr, parents or near kinsfolk; beautify; kanna siðu inanna ok f. to im-
hjá feðginum sínum ok forellrismön- prove, better; ekki þarf þat orðum at f.
num, by his parents and forefathers. there is no use trying to extenuate it; f. um
feðma (að), v. to span or encompass e-t, to mend, polish up.
with the arms. fegrð, f. beauty (f. sólarinnar).
feðr, m. father, = faðir. fegrðar-fullr, a. beautiful; -lauss,
feðr-betrungr, m. = föðurbetrungr. a. void of beauty.
feðr-land, n. fatherland, = föðurland; fé-grið, n. pl., security for property;
-munir, m. pl. patrimony. -gyrðill, m. money-bag, purse (worn on
fé-drengr, m. open-handed man (- the belt); -gætni, f. saving habits;
drengr góðr við sína vini); -drjúgr, a. -göfugr, a. blessed with wealth;
rich in sheep and cattle. -hirðir, m. (1) herd, shepherd; (2) trea-
fé-fang, n. booty; -fastr, a. close-fist- surer; -hirzla, f. (1) treasury; (2) trea-

161
féhirzlu-hús F fé-lagi
sure. þær austr ok vestr enda fálu); fel sverð
féhirzlu-hús, n. treasure-house; þitt, sheathe thy sword; yrkja fólgit, to use
-maðr, m. treasurer. obscure phrases (in poetry); impers., fal
fé-hús, n. (1) = fjós, cattle-house; (2) þá sýn (acc.) milli þeirra, they lost sight of
treasury. one another; (2) f. e-m e-t, to make over,
feigð, f. approach, foreboding, or sign of to give in trust or charge to one; hann fal
death (þú sátt þegar í dag feigðina á hon- Óðni allan þann val, he gave all the slain
um). to Odin; mey frumunga fal hann (entrust-
feigðar-greip, f. hand of death. ed to) megi Gjúka; f. e-m e-t á hendi,
feig-ligr, a. (1) looking `feylike’; (2) to commit a thing to one’s charge, to com-
boding death. mend; fálu sik ok sálir sínar guði almát-
feigr, a. fated to die, fey; ekki má tkum á hendi, they commended themselves
feigum forða, there is no saving, or rescu- and their souls to God Almighty; f. e-t
ing, a ‘fey’ man; standa, ganga feigum fó- undir eið sinn (þegnskap sinn), to vouch
tum to tread on the verge of ruin; mæla upon one’s oath (upon one’s honour); f. e-
feigum munni, to talk wilh a ‘fey’ mouth; t undir e-m, to put under one’s charge; er
vilja e-n feigan, to wish one’s death; dead und einum mér öll um fólgin hodd Ni-
(fyllist fjörvi feigra manna). flunga, the whole hoard of the Niflungs is
feikn, a. awful, terrible. in my hands alone; man hér öll vár vinátta
feikn, f. portent, terrible things. undir felast, all our friendship will depend
feikna-lið, n. terrible host; -veðr, n. upon this; f. e-n á brott, to put one out for
fearful weather, tempest. alimentation; f. e-n inni = f. e-n á brott;
feikin-stafir, m. pl. balejul runes, sá bóandi, er hann felr sik inni, the man
evils, curses. with whom he boards and lodges; f. búfé
feilast, v. refl. to falter, be timid (Sin- inni at e-m, to put out (cattle, sheep) to
fjötli lét sér ekki feilast). one to keep; (3) refl. felast, to hide oneself
feima, f. bashful girl. (mörg leyni þau, er f. mátti í); f. í faðmi
feita (-tta, -ttr), v. to fatten. e-m, to be locked in one’s arms; f. á hen-
feiti, f. fatness. di e-m, to put oneself in another’s hands,
feiting, f. fattening. enter his service (Kolskeggr falst á hendi
feit-leikr, m. fatness feiti. Sveini Dana-konungi).
feitr, a. fat. fé-lag, n. fellowship, partnership; eiga
fé-kátr, a. proud of one’s wealth; -lag saman, to be partners; eiga (hafa)
-kostnaðr, m. expenditure, expense; félag við e-n, hafa félag e-s, to be in part-
-kostr, m. = -kostnaðr; -krókar, m. nership wilh one: leggja til félag við e-n,
pl. ‘money-crooks’; viz. wrinkles about the to enter into partnership with one; leggja
eyes, marking a greedy man (sýndist Hall- til félags, to contribute to a common land;
freði fékrókar í augum hans). skipta. til félags, to share in a partnership.
fel, f. the folded skirt of a cloak (?). félaga-erfð, f. a partner’s inheritance.
fela (fel; fal, fálum; fólginn), v. fé-lagi, m. (1) partner, shareholder of
(1) to hide, conceal (fálu þeir gullit í Rín; any kind; also used of married people, part-

162
félag-leikr F fé-maðr
ner, mate (hvat segir þú mér frá Hrúti, sem laki).
félaga þinum); ek vil skilja við félaga fell, n. ‘fell’, (isolated) hill, mountain.
minn, I wish to part with my mate; (2) Cf. ‘fjall’.
fellow, mate, comrade; góðr (gamansamr) fella (-da, -dr), v. (1) to fell, make fall;
félagi, a good (merry) fellow; félagi minn f. víð, to fell timber; f. segl, to take down
ok frændi, my comrade and kinsinan. sails; (2) to kill, slay (in battle); f. e-n frá
félag-leikr, m. friendliness; -ligr, a. landi, to slay or dethrone (a king); f. fénað
friendly, kind (e-m, við e-n). sinn, to lose one’s sheep or cattle from cold
félags-bú, n. joint household; -fé, n. or hunger; (3) to cause to cease, abolish
common fund; -gørð, f. (1) entrance into (f. blót ok blótdrykkjur); f. rœðu sína, to
partnership; (2) contract (nema annan veg close one’s speech; f. niðr, to put an end to,
hati mælt verit í fégørð þeirra); -hross, abandon, give up (f. niðr þann átrúnað);
n. a horse owned in partnership with oth- (4) f. heitstrenging á sik, to bring down
ers. on one’s head the curse of a broken vow;
félagskap-ligr, a. = félagligr. (5) to tongue and groove, to fit; f. stokk á
félag-skapr (gen. -skapar), m. (1) horn, to put a board on the horns of a sav-
fellowship, partnership; (2) companion- age bull; (6) fig., f. ást (hug) til e-s, to turn
ship, friendship; gørðist þar brátt -skapr one’s mind (love) towards one, to fall in love
góðr, they soon became intimate friends; with; f. bœn at e-m, to address prayer to
binda saman lag sitt ok -skap, to enter in- one, to beg of one; f. sik við e-t, to fit one-
to close alliance. self to a thing: f. sik mjök við umrœðuna,
félags-lagning, f. entering into part- to take a warm parl in the debate.
nership; -maðr, m. partner; -vætti, n. a fella, f. (1) framework, a framed board;
witness in matters of a félag. (2) mouse-trap.
fé-lauss, a. penniless, poor; -laust, felli-hurð, f. trap-door; -kápa, f. a
adv. gratis, = kauplaust; -lát, n. loss of kind of plaid.
money. felling, f. (1) felling, knocking down;
feldar-blað, n. = -skaut; -dálkr, m. (2) joining, framing.

F
cloak-pin; -röggvar, f. pl. the long hairs fellir, m. death, esp. of cattle.
of the outside of a cloak; -skaut, n. the felli-sótt, f. sudden illness; -vetr, m.
skirt of a cloak; -slitr, n. tatters of a a hard winter when the cattle die of cold or
cloak. hunger.
feldr (-ar, -ir), m. cloak. fellu-járn, n. wrought iron.
feldr, pp. fitted; vera vel (illa) f. til e-s, felms-fullr, a. alarmed, frightened.
to be well (ill) fitted for a thing; neut., þér felmta (-mta, -mtr), v. to be in a state
er ekki felt at, it is not for thee to. of fright and alarm (fari menn stilliliga ok
fé-leysi, n. want of money; -ligr, a. felmti eigi); felmtr, frightened (fara f.); e-
valuable, handsome (esp., ekki féligr); m verðr felmt við, one gets frightened.
-lítill, a. (1) short of money, poor; (2) of felmtr, m. sudden fear, fright (slær
little value (félítill skógr). felmt á e-n).
feljóttr, a. shabby, rough (verja feljótt fé-maðr, m. moneyed man; -mál, n. pl.

163
fen F fé-samr
money matters; -mikill, a. (1) moneyed, ferðast (að), v. refl. to travel.
rich; (2) valuable, costly; -mildr, a. open- ferða-stafr, m. walking-staff, pil-
handed (= mildr af fé); -missa, f. loss of grim’s staff.
property; -munir, m. pl. valuables, prop- ferðugr, a. ready (eigi var hann f. at
erty; -múta, f. bribe in money; -mætr, a. fara þessa ferð).
valuable. fer-elingr, m. a fish four ells long;
fen (gen. pl. fenja), n. bog, quagmire -falda (að), v. to make fourfold, multiply,
(mýrar ok fen). by four; -faldr, a. fourfold; -fœtingr,
féna (að), v. impers., e-m fénar, one a quadruped; -fœttr, a. four footed;
gains (fénaði þér nú). -hyrndr, a. with four corners, square.
fénaðr (gen. -ar), m. sheep, cattle. fé-rikr, a. rich, wealthy.
fengi, n. booty = herfang; fengi-liga, ferill (dat. ferli), m. (1) track, trace;
adv. advantageously (dreyma -liga). (2) vera á ferli, to be on the move, out of
fenginn, pp. fitted (vel til e-s f.). bed; (3) traveller (veg-, Róm-ferill).
fengi-sæll, a. making a good haul. ferja (að, old form farða, farðr), v.
feng-lítill, a. of little value. to ferry over a river or strait.
fengr (gen. fengjar), m. (1) haul, ferja, f. ferry-boat, large boat.
take; (2) gain, booty (verðr lítit til feng- ferju-ár, f. ferryman’s oar; -búi, m.
jar); (3) store, supply. one who lives near a ferry; -karl, m. fer-
feng-samr, a. making large provision; ryman, boatman; -maðr, m. = -karl;
-semi, f. being fengsamr. -skattr, m. ferry toll; -skip, n. = ferja;
fé-níðingr, m. miser. -smíð, f. making a ferja.
fenjóttr, a. boggy (cf. ‘fen’). fer-liga, adv. monstrously; -ligleikr,
fenna (-ta, -t), v. to cover with snow; m. monstrosity; -ligr, a. monstrous,
impers., fennti fé, the sheep were snowed hideous; -líkan, n. monstrous shape,
up. monster; -líki, n. = -líkan.
fé-nýta (-tta, -ttr), v. to turn to ac- ferma (-da, -dr), v. to load, lade (f.
count, make use of (-nýta sér e-t); -nýtr, skip af e-u).
a. that will bring in money; -penningr, ferming, f. confirmation.
m. penny-worth, money; -pynd, f. extor- fernir (fernar, fern), a. distrib. (a
tion; -ráð, n. pl. advice in money matters; set of) four.
-rán, n. plunder. fer-skeyta (-tta, -ttr), v. to square;
féráns-dómr, m. court of execution. -skeyttr, a. square; -strendr, a. four-
ferð, f. (1) journey (gera ferð sína edged, four-sided; -tugandi, a. fortieth;
heiman); vera í ferð með e-m, to travel -tugfaldr, a. forty-old; -tugr, a. (1)
with one; (2) conduct, behaviour (kurteiss forty years old; (2) measuring forty (ells,
í ferð). fathoms, etc.); fertug drápa, a poem of
ferða-maðr, m. traveller. forty verses; -ærðr, a. four-oared.
ferðar-broddr, m. van (= fararbrod- fé-samr, a. lucrative; -sátt, f. agree-
dr); -búinn, pp. ready for a journey; ment as to payment; -sekr, a. fined, sen-
-leyfl, n. leave to travel. tenced to a fine; -sekt, f. fine; -sínki,

164
fé-skylmt F fiðla
f. niggardliness; -sínkr, a. niggardly; -garmr; -hæll, m. peg, for a rope; -kona,
-sjóðr, m. bag of money; -sjúkr, a. f. betrothed woman; -maðr, m. betrothed
greedy of money; -skaði, m. loss in mon- inan; -mál, n. pl. betrothal, affiance;
ey; -skipti, n. division of property; -mær, f. = festar-kona; -penningr, m.
-skjálgr, a., féskjálg augu, eyes squint- pledge bail; -váttr, m. a witness at a be-
ing towards money; -skortr, m. short- trothal; -vætti, n. evidence to a betrothal;
ness of money; -skuld, f. money debt; -öl, n. betrothal-ale.
-skurðr, m. detriment; -skygn, a. cov- fé-sterkr, a. wealthy, rich.
etous; -skylft, a. n., e-m er féskylft, one festi-liga, adv. firmly, violently.
has many expenses to defray; -snauðr, festing, f. (1) fixing, fastening; (2) fir-
a. poor in money, penniless; -sníkja, mament; festning, f., festningar-
-sníkni, f. intruding as a parcisite, beg- himinn, m. = festing 2.
ging; -snúðr, m. lucre; -sparr, a. spar- festr (gen. festar, dat. and acc.
ing close-fisted; -spjöll, n. pl. spells to festi; pl. festar), f. (1) rope, cord, cable
get wealth. (for mooring a ship to the shore); (2) pl.
fé-skylmt, a. n. = féskylft. betrothals (festar fara fram).
festa (-sta, -str), v. (1) to make fast, festu-maðr, m. bail, surety.
fasten (f. skip, bát, hval); (2) to hang up fé-sæla, f. wealth; -sæll, a. wealthy;
(= f. upp); f. á gálga, to hang on the gal- -sætt, f. an agreement as to payment (of
lows; f. út til þerris, to hang out for drying; weregild); -sök, f. suit, action for money.
f. e-t við e-t, to fasten to a thing; (3) in fet, n. (1) pace, step; ganga (stíga) feti
various fig. phrases, festa trúnað á e-t, to framarr, to go a step forward; fara fullum
believe in; f. hug við e-t, to fix the mind fetum, to go at full pace; fetum (dat.) as
upon; f. yndi, to feel happy (in a place); adv. at a pace; (2) as a measure, foot.
f. e-t í minni, to fix in the memory; also feta (fet, fat, —) v. (1) to step, find
absol., f. kvæði, to learn a poem by heart; one’s way (f. leið, heim); (2) poet. with
(4) to settle, stipulate; f. sátt mál, to make infin., hve ek yrkja fat, how I managed to
a settled agreement; f. járn, to pledge one- make my poem.

F
self to the ordeal of red-hot iron; (5) to fé-taka, f. taking (receiving) money.
betroth (f. e-m dóttur sína); (6) impers. feti, m. blade of an axe.
to cleave, stick fast (spjótit festi í skild- fetill (dat. fetli; pl. fetlar), m.
inum); eld festir, the fire catches, takes strap (of a shield or sword).
hold; bein (acc.) festir, the bone unites (af- fé-vani, a. short of money; -ván, f. ex-
ter a fracture); (7) refl., festast, to grow pectancy of money; -vænliga, adv. in a
to, stick fast to (nafnit festist við hann); manner promising profit; -vænligr, a.
bardagi festist, the battle closes up fast. profitable; -vænn, a. = -vænligr; -vöxtr,
festa, f. bail, pledge (svardagi ok f.). m. increase in one’s proterty, gain, profit.
festar-auga, f. loop or eye at the end feykja (-ta, -t), v. (1) to blow, toss (f. e-
of a rope (festr); -endi, m. end of a rope; u); (2) to rush (hann feykir inn í húsit).
-fé, n. dowry; -garmr, m. chain-dog; fé-þurfi, a. in need of money.
-hald, n. holding the rope; -hundr, m. = fiðla, f. fiddle; fiðlari, m. fidaler.

165
fiðraðr F firna-
fiðraðr, a. feathered (of arrows). out, invent (rúnar munt þú finna); (5) to
fiðri, m. feathers, plumage. discover (ok fundu þar land mikit); (6)
fimbul-fambi, m. monstrous fool; fig. to find, perceive, notice, feel (fundu
-ljóð, n. pl. mighty songs; -týr, m. þeir þá brátt, at); (7) f. e-m e-t, to find
mighty god; -vetr, m. the great and awful fault with, blame (þat eitt finn ek
winter; -þulr, m. the mighty sage or Gunnlaugi, at); (8) with preps., f. á e-t,
speaker. to come across, fall in with (= hitta á e-
fim-leikr, m. nimbleness, agility; t); impers., fann þat á, it could be per-
-liga, adv. nimbly; -ligr, a. nimble. ceived; fann lítt á honum, hvárt, it was
fimm, card. numb. five. little to be seen whether, etc.; f. at e-u, to
fimr, a. nimble, agile (f. við leika). find fault with, censure, blame; f. e-t til, to
fimt, f. number of five. bring forward, give as a reason (hvat finnr
fimtán, card. numb. fifteen. þú til þess?); (9) refl., finnast til e-s, to be
fimtándi, ord. numb. fifteenth. pleased with; impers., fannst Grími fátt
fimtán-sessa, f. a ship with fifteen row- til hans, Grim was little pleased with him;
ers’ benches. láta sér lítit um finnast, to pay little heed
fimtar-dómr, m. the Fifth or High to, rather dislike; Ölvi fannst mikit um
Court (of law) in the Icelandic Common- hann, Ölvir admired him much.
weallh. finna, f. Finn woman.
fimtardóms-eiðr, m. the oath to be finnar, m. pl. Finns (usually the early
taken in the Fifth Court; -lög, n. pl. the non-Aryan inhabitants of Norway and
institution of the F. C.; -mál, n. an action Sweden; not identical with the modern
before the F. C.; -stefna, f. a citation be- Lapps or Finns).
fore the F. C. finn-ferð, -för, f., -kaup, n. travel-
fimtar-tala, f. the number of five. ling or trading with the Finns; -gálkn,
fimti, ord. numb. fifth. n. fabulous monster; -kona, f. = Finna;
fimtugr, a. (1) fifty years old; (2) mea- -land, n. Finland; -lendingar, m. pl.
suring fifty (ells, fathoms). the Finns; -mörk, f. Finmark; -skattr,
fimtungr, m. the fifth part. m. tribute paid by the Finns.
fingr (gen. fingrar or fingrs; pl. finnskr, a. Finnish.
fingr), m. finger (fingr digrir); rétta e-m firar, m. pl. poet. men, people.
f., to point one’s finger at. firin-verk, n. pl. poet. abominations.
fingr-brjóttr, m. wrong move (in firn, n. pl. abomination, monstrous
chess); -gull, n. finger-ring of gold; thing.
-mjór, a. thin-fingered. firna (að), v. to blame, reproach (f. e-n
fingrungr (-s, -ar), m. finger-ring. e-s, e-n um e-t).
finna (finn; fann, fundum; firna-, gen. pl., used as an intensive
fundinn), v. (1) to find (þá fundu þeir prefix with adjectives and nouns; firna-
Hjörleif dauðan); (2) to meet one (ok vildi djarfr, a. very daring; -frost, n. awful
eigi f. Hákon konung); (3) to visit, to in- frost; -fullr, a. awful; -harðr, a. vio-
terview (gakk þú at f. konung); (4) to find lent.

166
firr F fjall-berg
firr, adv. compar., first, adv. superl., fita, f. fat, grease.
see ‘fjarri’. fitja (að), v. to web, knit (hann lét f.
firra (-ða, -ðr), v. (1) f. e-n augum, to saman fingrna).
lose sight of; (2) to deprive one of (f. e-n e- fitje-skammr, a. having short flippers
u); (3) to save, defend (f. e-n ámæli); (4) (selr ekki fitjaskammr).
refl. to keep away from, shun, avoid (fir- fitna (að), v. to become fat.
rast fund e-s). fífil-bleikr, a. dandelion-yellow.
firri, a. compar. farther off; fé er fjörvi fífill, m. dandelion.
firra, money is less dear than life. Cf. ‘fjar- fífl, n. fool, clown, boor.
ri’. fífla, f. wanton girl, romp.
firring, f. shunning, removal. fífla (-da, -dr), v. to beguile, seduce;
fiska (að), v. to fish (= fiskja). refl., fíflast, to act as a seducer.
fiska-kaup, n. purchase of (dried) fish; fíflingar, m. pl. beguilement.
-stöd, f. fishin-place; -stöng, f. = fífl-megir, m. pl. monsters, giants.
fiskistöng; -ver, n. = fiskiver. fíflska, f. foolishness, folly.
fisk-bein, n. fish-bone; -bleikr, a. fíflsku-fullr, a. full of folly.
pale as fish; -gengd, f. shoal of fish; fífl-yrði, n. pl. foolish language.
-hryggr, m. fish-spine. fífrildi, n. butterfly.
fiski (gen. fiskjar), f. fishing; róa fara fíkjast (t), v. refl. to have an eager de-
til fiskjar, to go a-fishing. sire (á e-t, for a thing).
fiski-bátr, m. fishing-boat; -fang, n. fíll (-s, -ar), m. elephant.
catch of fish; pl. (-föng), stores of fish; fínn, a. fine, smooth (rare).
-gengd, f. shoal of fish; -karl, m. fish- fítons-andi, m. spirit of prophecy hea-
erman; -kufl, m. fishing-jacket; -ligr, a. then soothsaving. (From med. L. Phiton
fit for fishing; -lœkr, m. a brook full of for Python.)
fish, fish-brook; -maðr, m. fisherman. fjaðraðr, a. feathered (= fiðraðr).
fiskinn, a. good at fishing. fjaðra-spjót, n. = fjaðr-spjót.
fiski-róðr, m. rowing out for fish; fjaðr-broddr, m. point of a spear-

F
-saga, f. fish-news; -skáli, m. fisher- blade; -hamr, m. feather-coat; -lauss, a.
men’s hut; -skip, n. fishing-boat; -stöng, featherless; -sárr, a. ‘feather-sore’, moult-
f. fishing-spear; -veitr, f. catching of fish; ing; -spjót, n. a kind of spear.
-ver, n. fishing place or station. fjala-brú, f. a bridge of planks (fjöl);
fiskja (-ta, -t), v. to fish (= fiska). -kottr, m. mouse-trap.
fiskr (-s, -ar), m. fish; flatr f., heilagr fjal-högg, n. chopping-block.
f., flat-fish, halibut. fjall, n. mountain, fell.
fisk-reki, m. ‘fish-driver’ (a kind of fjalla-dalr, m. dale, valley; -gol, n.
whale). light breeze from the mountains; -sýn, f.
fit (pl. fitjar), f. (1) webbed foot of mountain-view.
swimming birds; flipper (of a seal); (2) fjall-berg, n. crag, precipice; -bygð,
meadow-land on the banks of a lake or riv- f. district among fells; -dalr, m. dale in
er. the fells; -ferð, f. mountain excursion;

167
fjalls-brún F fjár-aflan
-garðr, m. range of mountains; -hagi, f. ferr því, far from it, by no means; nú
m. mountain pasture; -maðr, m. a man sé ek eigi, at mér mætti firr um fara en
searthing the fells for sheep; -rapi, m. þér, now I see not how I can fare worse
dwarf-birch. than thou; (3) far from, bereft of; f. feðr-
fjalls-brún, f. brow (edge) of a moun- munum, bereft of my patrimony.
tain; -hlíð, f. mountain-side; -múli, m. a fjarski, m. far distance; vera (liggja) í
hill projecting between two valleys. fjarska, to be (lie) afar off.
fjall-stöng, f. fellman’s staff; -vegr, fjar-stœðr, a. far off; -stœtt er um áfl
m. mountain road; -vindr, m. wind blow- várt, there is a great difference between
ing from the mountains, opp. to ‘hafvin- our strengths; -sýnis, adv. at a great dis-
dr’. tance; -tœki, n. refusal (hafa -tœki um e-
fjara, f. (1) ebb-tide, ebb; (2) fore-shore, t); -tök, n. pl. = -tœki; -vist, f. living far
beach (var þá skógr milli fjalls ok fjöru). off.
fjara (að), v. impers. to ebb; skip (acc.) fjá (early form fía), v. to hate; refl.,
fjarar uppi, fjarar undan skipi, the ship is fjást e-n = fjá e-n.
left aground, or remains, high and dry. fjáðr, a. moneyed, rich (f. vel).
fjar-borinn, pp. remotely related. fjánda-kraptr, m. fiendish power.
fjarða-gol, n. a breeze blowing out of fjándi (pl. fjándr), m. (1) enemy, foe;
the firths. gefat þínum fjándum frið give no truce to
fjarðar-botn, m. botton, or head of a thy foes; (2) fiend, devil.
firth; -horn, n. creek at the head of a fjánd-liga, adv. fiendishly; -ligr, a.
firth; -íss, m. ice in a firth, land-ice; fiendish; -maðr, m. foeman; -mæli, n.
-kjaptr, m., -mynni, n. mouth of a firth. pl. words of a foe; -semi, f. enmity; -ska-
fjarg, n. heathen god (poet.). paðr, a. hostile, ill-disposed (við e-n).
fjarg-hús, n. heathen temple. fjándskapar-fullr, a. full of hostility;
fjar-kominn, pp. by no means entitled -máðr, m. = fjándmaðr.
or obliged to (til e-s); -lægjast (ð), v. re- fjánd-skapast (að), v. refl. to show
fl. to withdraw (recede) from; -lægr, a. far hostility towards (við e-n, til e-s); -skapr,
off, distant. m. hostilily, enmity, hatred (leggja -skap á
fjarra-fleinn, m. landlouper (rare). e-n).
fjarri (firr, first), adv. (1) far off fjár-aflan, f. making money; -afli, m.
(svá at f. flugu brotin); with dat. far from property; -auðn, f. losing all one’s money;
(sólu f); standa f. e-m, to stand far from -ágirnd, -ágirni, f. greed for money;
one; compar., firr, farther off farit firr -beit, f. pasture for sheep; -bón, f. asking
húsi, keep off from the house; allt er fjörvi for money; -burðr, m. bribery; -dráttr,
firr, life is the nearest (dearest) thing; firr m. making money; -eigandi, pr. p.
meirr, farther aloof (bóndamúgrinn sat wealthy (vel -eigandi); -eign, f. wealth,
firr meirr); (2) fig., taka e-u fjarri, to take property; -eyðsla, f. spending of money;
a thing coldly, show disinclination, refuse -eyðslumaðr, m. spendthrift; -fang, n.
(Ormr tók því ekki f.); ok er þat ekki f. booty, plunder (pl. -föng); -far, n. money
hennar skapi, it is not far from her mind; affairs; -forráð, n. administration (man-

168
fjárgæzlu-maðr F fjúka
agement) of one’s money; -framlag, n. fjón, f. hatred; reka e-n fjónum, to per-
laying out contributions of money; -fun- secute; vekja f., to stir up quarrels.
dr, m. ‘find’ of money; -fóðr, n. fodder fjór-dagðr, a. having lain four days in
for sheep; -fœði, n. fodder for sheep; the grave.
-gjald, n. payment; -gjöf, f. gift of mon- fjórðunga-lok, n. the last quarter of
ey; -geymsla, -gæzla, f. tending of a verse; -mót, n. pl. the borders of the
sheep and cattle. fjórðungar (3); -skipti, n. division into
fjárgæzlu-maðr, m., -maðr mikill, a quarters.
thrifty man. fjórðungr (-s, -ar), m. (1) the fourth
fjarhaga-maðr, m., góðr (lítill) part, quarter; f. rastar, a distance of about
-maðr, a good (bad) manager. a mile; (2) a weight = ten pounds; (3) in
fjár-hagr, m. (management of one’s) Iceland, one of the Quarters into which
money matters; -hald, n. (1) withholding the whole land was divided (Austfirðin-
one’s money; (2) administration of one’s ga, Vestfirðinga, Norðlendinga,
money; -heimta, f. claim for money, ow- Sunnlendinga fjórðungr).
ing one; -hirzla, f. = féhirzla; -hlutir, fjórðungs-dómr, m. Quarter (district)
m. pl. = -munir; -kostnaðr, m. expens- court; -menn, m. pl. inhabitants of a
es; -lán, n. loan of money; -lát, n. loss of Quarter; -úmagi, m. a pauper charged to
money; -leiga, f. rent; -missa, f. = -lát; a Quarter; -þing, n. Quarter (district) as-
-munir, m. pl. property, valuables; -nám, sembly.
n. seizure of money, plunder; -orku- fjór-faldr, a. fourfold; -fœttr, a.
maðr, m. wealthy man; -pynd, f. extor- four-footed.
tion; -rán, n. robbery; -reiður, f. pl. fjórir (fjórar, fjögur), card. numb.
money matters; -rekstr, m. drove of four; fjögurra vegna, to the four cardinal
sheep; -reyta, f. cheating, plunder; points.
-sekt, f. fine in money; -sjóðr, m. trea- fjórtán, card. numb. fourteen.
sure; -skaði, m. loss in money; -skakki, fjórtandi, ord. numb. fourteenth.
m. ujust sharing; -skipti, n. division of fjórtán-sessa, f. ship with fourteen

F
property; -stáðr, m. a (good or bad) in- thwarts.
vestment; -starf, n. management of one’s fjós, n. cow-house, byre; vera í fjósi, to
money matters; -taka, f. seizure of money; attend to the cows; -dyrr, f. pl. door of a
-tilkall, n. claim for money; -tillag, cow-house; -gata, f. path to a cow-house;
n. contribution in money; -tjón, n. loss -hlaða, f. a barn connected with a cow-
of money; -upptaka, f., -upptekt, f. house.
seizure of one’s property; -útlát, n. pl. fjúk, m. drifting snow-storm.
outlay; -varðveizla, f. (1) administration fjúka (fýk; fauk, fukum; fokinn),
(management) of another’s property; (2) = v. (1) to be drifted (tossed, blown) by the
-geymsla; -ván, f. expectation of money; wind; tók þá at f., it began to snow and
-verðr, a. valuable; -viðtaka, f. receipt drift; var fjókanda veðr, there was a (drift-
of money; -þurfi, a. needing money; ing) snow-storm; nú er fokit í flest skjól,
-þurft, f. need of money. now most places of shelter are snowed up;

169
fjúk-renningr F fjötra
no refuge is left; (2) fig. to fly off (fauk at talk (fara, fœra, í -mæli); (2) slander;
höfuðið); láta fjúka í kveðlingum, to let -orðr, a. talkative; -ráðr, a. fickle,
satiric verses fly. loose; -rœðinn, a. = -orðr; -rœðr, a.
fjúk-renningr, m. drifting snow; much talked of; gerist (er) -rœtt um e-t,
-viðri, n. snow-storm. it is much talked of; -skruðigr, a. dressy;
fjöðr (gen. fjaðrar, pl. fjaðrar), f. -skyld, f. important business; -skylda,
(1) feather, quill; draga f. um e-t, to slur f., -skyldi, n. much business, duties;
over a thing; (2) fin or tail of a fish; (3) -skyldr, a. important (-skylt embætti).
blade of a spear. fjöl-nýtr, a. useful in many ways.
fjöl (gen. fjalar, pl. fjalar, fjalir), fjör (dat. fjörvi), n. life; eiga fótum
f. deal, board. fjör at launa, to make the heels save the
fjöl-, used as a prefix, much, manifold; head.
-beiðni, f. hard begging, insistance; fjör-baugr, m. ‘life-money’.
-breytinn, a. changeable, whimsical; fjörbaugs-garðr, m. the lesser out-
-bygðr, pp. thickly peopled. lawry; -maðr, m. one sentenced to this;
fjöld, f. multitude, great number, much; -sök, f. a case involving this.
f. ek fór, I have travelled far. fjör-brot, n. pl. death-struggle (ligga,
fjöldi, m. multitude; f. manna, skipa, a vera, í -brotum).
great number of men, ships. fjörðr (gen. fjarðar, dat. fjarðar;
fjölga (að), v. to make more numerous; pl. firðir, acc. fjörðu), m. firth, inlet.
impers., fjölgar e-t, and refl., fjölgast, to fjör-gjafi, m. one who saves anothers
become numerous, increase in number. life.
fjölgan, f. increase in number. fjörgyn (gen. -jar), f. Mother-earth,
fjöl-höfðaðr, a. many-headed. mother of Thor.
fjöl-kunnigr, a. skilled in magic. fjör-lag, n. death slaughter (verða e-
fjöl-kyngi, f. the black art, witchcraft, m at -lagi); -lausn, f. (1) release from
wizardry, sorcery. life; þola-lausn, to suffer death; (2) ransom
fjölkyngis-fólk, n. wizard-folk; for one’s life (Æsir bjóða fyrir sik -lausn);
-íþrótt, f. magic art; -kona, f. sorceress, -löstr, m. loss of life, death; verða e-m at
witch; -veðr, n. gale produced by sorcery. -lesti, to cause one’s death; -ráð, n. plot-
fjöllóttr, a. mountainous. ting against one’s life.
fjöl-lyndi, n. looseness, fickleness; fjör-lok, n. pl. end of life, death.
-lyndr, a. loose, fickle; -margr, a. very fjörráða-sók, f. a case of fjörráð.
many; -málugr, a. tattling; -menna fjörráðs-mál, n. a suit for fjörráð.
(-ta, -tr), v. (1) to make numerous, in- fjör-segi, m. ‘life-muscle’, the heart;
crease in number; (2) to crowd, meet in -sjúkr, a. dangerousiy ill.
crowds; -menni, n. many people, crowd; fjörsungr, m. a kind of fish.
-mennr, a. numerous, with many people fjöru-grjót, n. the gravel (pebbles) on
(riðu menn -mennir til þings); fjöl-menn the beach; -mál, n. (1) low-water mark; (2)
veizla, a great banquet; kemr þar fjölmen- foreshore, beach; -steinn, m. pebble.
nt, many people; -mæli, n. (1) common fjötra (að), v. to fetter; f., hest, to hob-

170
flötra-brot F fleiri
ble a horse. -veg á tré).
flötra-brot, n. pl. fragments of fetter. flaug, f. (1) flying, flight (taka flaug
fjötrar-bora, -rauf, f. a hole in a sem fuglar); allt er á för ok flaugum, in a
sledge through which the strap goes. commotion; (2) vane.
fjötur-lauss, a. unfettered. flaugar-skegg, n. the tail of a vane.
fjöturr (gen. fjöturs and fjötrar, flaug-trauðr, a. = flugtrauðr.
pl. fjötrar), m. (1) fetter, shackle (setja flaugun, f. flying, flight.
e-n í fjötur); (2) the straps of a sledge flaum-ósi, a. rushing heedlessly on.
(sleða-fjötrar). flaumr, m. eddy, violent stream.
flaðra (að), v. to fawn (f. at e-m). flaum-slit, n. pl. breach of friendship.
flag-brjóska, n. cartilage of the breast- flaust, n. poet. ship.
bone. flautir, f. pl. a kind of whipped milk.
flagð, n. female monster, ogress, giant- flá (flæ; fló, flógum; fleginn), v.
ess; opt eru flögð í fögru skinni, oft lurks (1) to flay (f. belg, húð af e-m); f. e-n
a witch under a fair skin. kvikan, to flay alive; (2) to strip; f. e-n af
flagð-kona, f. ogress = tröllkona. or ór klæðum, to strip one of his clothes; f.
flagna (að), [p]v.[/p] to flake (scale) e-n at gripum, to strip one for his money.
off. flá (pl. flár), f. float of a net.
flag-spilda, f. slice cut. flár (flá, flátt), a. false, deceit-
flaka (-ta, -t), v. to gape, esp. of ful;mæla fagrt, en hyggja flátt, to speak
wounds (f. sundr af sárum). fair, but think false.
flaki, m. wicker-work shield (for de- flá-ráð, n. deceit, fraud; -ráðr, a.
fence in battle). false, deceitful; -ræði, n. = -ráð; fleinn
flakka (að), v. to rove about (as a beg- (-s, -ar), m. (1) pike; (2) fluke, of an an-
gar). chor (akkeris-fleinn); (3) dart, shaft (fljú-
flakna (að), v. to flake off, split. gandi fleinn).
flat-liga, adv. = flatt (fara flatliga = fleipa (að), v. = fleipra.
fara flatt, see ‘flatr’); -nefr, a. flat-nosed fleipr, n. babble, tattle.

F
(a nickname). fleipra (að), v. to babble, prattle.
flatr, a. (1) flat, level (um slétta dali fleiri, a. compar., flestr, a. superl.
ok flata völlu); f. fiskr, flat fish, halibut; (1) more, most; fleira lið, more troops;
(2) flat, prostrate (falla f., kasta ser flö- mun þat flestrum manni úfœra þykkja, it
tum niðr); draga e-n flatan, to drag one will seem impossible to most people; neut.,
flat on the ground; (3) of the flat side of a fleira, flest, more, most things (ekki sagði
thing; bregða flötu sverðinu, to turn the hann honum fleira; flest í þessu bréfi);
sword flat; stýra á flatt skip e-s, to steer on with gen., fleira manna, more people (cfr.
the broad side of another’s ship; (4) neut. ‘margt manna’); pl., hinir vóru þó miklu
flatt, as adj., fara f. fyrir e-m, to fare ill, fleiri, more numerous; flestr allr (vel
be worsted. flestr), flestir allir (vel flestir), almost all
flat-sæng, f. bed made on the floor, (flest allt stórmenni; flest öll hof); (2)
shakedown; -vegr, m. flat side (telgja more communicatlive, hearty; hann

171
fleki F flokkr
gerðist við hann fleiri ok fleiri, more and hafa e-t í fleymingi, to make sport of.
more intimate. fleyta (-tta, -ttr), v. (1) to set, afloat,
fleki, m. = flaki. launch (f. skipum); (2) to lift slightly from
flekka (að), v. to slain, pollute. the ground.
flekk-lauss, a. unspotted, immaculate flikki, n. flitch of bacon.
(fœddr af flekklausri mey). flikkis-sneið, f. slice of bacon.
flekk-óttr, a. flecked, spotted. flim, n. lampoon, libel (in verse).
flekkr (-s, -ir), m. fleck, spot, stain. flim-beri, m. lampooner.
flenging, f. scourging (= húðstroka). flimska, f. mockery.
flengja (-da, -dr), v. to scourge. flimta (að), v. to lampoon, satirise.
flenna (-ta, -tr), v. to set wide open. flimtan, f. lampooning, satire.
flenn-eygr, a. with distended eyelids, flís (pl. -ir), f. splinter, chip.
open-eyed. fljóð, n. poet. woman.
flensa (að), v. to kiss (?). fljót, n. (1) = flot (2); vera á fljóti, to
flesk, fleski, n. pork, ham, or bacon. be afloat; (2) river, lake.
fleski-sneið, f. slice of bacon. fljóta (flýt; flaut, flutum;
flestr, a. superl., see ‘fleiri’. flotinn), v. (1) to float on the water
flet (gen. pl. fletja), n. the raised (hann sá þar f. langskip tjaldat); (2) to
flooring along the side walls of a hall (to sit run, stream; (3) fig. to float about, spread
or lie on) together with the benches there- (of news); (4) to be flooded, to flow (flaut í
on. Also in pl. blóði gólf allt); flaut hann allr í tárum, he
fletja (flet, flatta, flattr), v. to was bathed in tears.
make flat, cut open (f. þorsk); refl., flet- fljót-leikr, m. fleetness, speed; -liga,
jast, to stretch oneself, lie flat on the adv. (1) speedily; (2) readily, promptly;
ground. -ligr, a. speedy.
flet-roð, n. clearing the house. fljótr, a. swift, speedy; neut., fljótt, as
fletta (-tta, -ttr), v. (1) to strip (f. e- adv. swiftly, quickly; sem fljótast, as soon
n klæðum or af klæðum); f. e-t af e-m, to as possible, at once.
strip (something) off one; (2) to strip, plun- fljót-tœkr, a. quick at apprehending (-
der. tœkr á e-t); -virki, f. quickness in work-
flétta (að), v. to braid, plait. ing; -virkr, a. quick in working.
flétta, f. = fléttingr. fljúga (flýg; flaug, flugum;
fletting, f. stripping, plunder. floginn), v. (1) to fly (fór svá hart sem
fléttingr, m. braid, plait. fugl flygi); (2) fig. of weapons, sparks,
fley, n. poet. a kind of swift ship. rumours, etc. (spjótit flaug yfir hann;
fleygi-gaflak, n. javelin; -kvittr, m. gneistarnir flugu); (3) f. á e-n, to fly at or
loose rumour, vague report. on one.
fleygja (-ða, -ðr), v. (1) to make fly (f. flog, n. flight, flying, = flug.
haukum); (2) to throw (f. e-u). flogall, a. lively, brisk, volatile.
fleygr, a. able to fly. flokka-dráttr, m. raising of bands.
fleymi, n., fleymingr, m. jest, sport; flokkr (-s, -ar), m. (1) body of men

172
flokks-foringi F flúð
(f. eru fimm menn); (2) company, host -stigr, m. path of flight.
(þeir gengu allir í einum flokki); (3) band, flótti, m. (1) flight; leggja á flótta, to
troop, party; hefja, reisa, flokk, to raise a take to flight; støkkva e-m á flótta, to put
band; fylla flokk e-s, to join one’s party, to to flight; (2) reka flóttann, to pursue the
side with one; (4) short poem, without re- flying host.
frains (opp. to ‘drápa’). flug, n. (1) flight (= flugr); á ferð ok flu-
flokks-foringi, -höfðingi, m. cap- gi, all in one motion; (2) precipice.
tain, leader; -maðr, m. a man belonging fluga (gen. pl. flugna), f. (1) fly; (2)
to a party (flokkr). lure, bait; koma flugu í munn e-m, to al-
flokk-stjóri, m. = flokksforingi. lure, entrap one; gína (taka) við flugu, to
flot, n. (1) fat, dripping (from cooked swallow the fly, to be allured, entrapped.
meat); (2) floating; koma á f., to be set fluga-bjarg, n., -hamarr, m.
afloat; vera á floti, to be afloat. beetling crag, precipice; -straumar, m.
flota (að), v. to float, launch (f. e-u). violent and rapid stream.
flota-hölmr, m. floating islet. flugði, a pret. of a lost verb flyggja,
flot-brúsi, m. floating jar, poet. boat; hon flugði öll, she shuddered all over.
-fundinn, pp. found afloat. flug-dreki, m. flying dragon; -dýr, n.
floti, m. (1) float, raft; (2) fleet. flying insect; -liga, adv. swiftly; -ormr,
flotna (að), v. to get afloat; f. upp, to m. flying snake.
float up, come to the surface. flugr (gen. -ar), m. (1) flight (= flaug);
fló (gen. flóar; pl. flœr), f. layer, stra- beina flug, to spread the wings for fight;
tum. (2) flight (= flótti); trauðr flugar, slow to
fló (gen. flóar; pl. flœr), f. a flea. take to flight, bold.
flóa (að), v. to flood, be flooded. flug-sjór, m. deep sea; -skjótr, a.
flóð, n. (1) flood, innundation, deluge; very swift; -stigr, m. steep path.
(2) flood, flood-tide; at flóði, at flóðum, at flugu-maðr, m. hired bandit, assassin;
high-water. -mannligr, a. having the look of an assas-
flói, m. (1) marshy moor; (2) bay, large sin.

F
firth. flug-vápn, n. javelin, dart.
flóka-hetta, f. felt hood; -ólpa, f. felt flutning, f. (1) transport, carriage of
coat; -stakkr, m. felt jacket; -trippi, n. goods, conveyance of persons; (2) state-
a foal or young horse with a matted coat. ment, report (cf. flutningr).
flóki, m. (1) matted hair or wool, felt; flutningar-maðr, m. one engaged in
(2) cloudlet (skýflóki); flókinn, a. en- conveying goods.
tangled, matted. flutningr (-s, -ar), m. (1) = flutning
flóna (að), v. to become warm. (1); (2) = flutning (2); (3) pleading (f.
flórr, m. floor of a cow-house. máls).
flótta-búinn, a. ready to flee; -gjarn, flutnings-maðr, m. a spokesman,
a. eager to flee, craven; -maðr, m. one pleader (-maðr okkarr við konung).
who flees; -menn, m. the flying host; flúð, f. low skerry, reef flooded by the
-rekstr, m. pursuit of the flying host; sea (á flúð eða skeri).

173
flúr F foraðs-hár
flúr, n. (1) flower; (2) flour. drykkrinn).
flyðra, f. flounder. flærð-samligr, -samr, a. false, de-
flygill, m. flying apparatus. ceitful; -vitni, n. false witness.
flyka, f. phantom, ghost. flœða (-ddi, -ddr), v. (1) to flood over;
flykkjast (t), v. to crowd. impers., þá flœðir uppi, they are overtak-
flysja (flusta), v. to split, cut in slices en by the floodtide; (2) impers., flœðir,
(at flysja epli). the tide rises.
flytja (flyt, flutta, fluttr), v. (1) flœðar-bakki, m. a bank covered at
to carry, convey (f. vöru til skips); (2) to high-water; -mál, n. flood-mark; -sker,
recite, deliver (f. or f. fram kvæði); f. mál n. a reef flooded at high-water; -urð, f.
e-s, to plead one’s cause, interceed for one; rocks reached at high-water.
f. (fram) sitt erendi, to state one’s errand; flœði-bakki, m. = flœðar-bakki;
(3) to perform (f. járnburð, skírslu); f. -sker, n. = flœðar-sker.
fórn, to bring an offering; (4) refl., flyt- flœðr (gen. -ar, acc. and dat. -i; pl.
jast, to flit, remove. -ar), flood-tide.
flytjandi, (1) pr. p., f. eyrir, movables, flœja (flœða, flóða; flœit, flót),
chattels; (2) m. (pl. -endr), promoter, v. = flýja.
pleader (f. máls). flœkjast (t), v. refl. to be entangled; f.
flýja (flý; flýða; flýiðr, flýðr), v. fyrir e-m, to cross one’s path, to be con-
(1) to flee, take flight (f. á land upp); f. stantly in one’s way.
undan e-m, to flee from one pursuing; (2) flœr, m. warmth, heat, = hiti.
with acc., f. land, to flee the country; flögra (að), v. to flutter.
úhœgt mun forlögin at f., it will be hard flökr, n. roaming about.
to avoid what is fated. flökra (að), v. to roam about.
flýta (-tta, -tt), to hasten (f. ferðin- flökta (-kta, -kt), v. (1) to, flutter and
ni); f. sér, to speed oneself, make haste. fly about; (2) to roam, meander.
flýtir (gen. -is), m. haste, speed. flöktan, f. fluttering, roaming about.
flæma (-da, -dr), v. to drive away igno- fnasa (að), v. to snort with rage.
miniously (f. e-n brott). fnasan, f. sneezing, snorting.
flæmingi (pl. -jar), m. Fleming. fnýsa, fnœsa (-ta, -t), v. to sneeze; f.
flæmska, f. Flemish (language). eitri, to blow out poison.
flæmskr, a. Flemish. fogl (-s, -ar), m. = fugl.
flærð, f. falsehood, deceit. folald, n. young fool.
flærðar-fullr, a. deceitful; -orð, n. fold, f. earth; á foldu (dat.) on earth.
pl. false (but fair) language; -samligr, a. fold-vegr, m. = fold.
deceitful; -stafir, m. pl. falseness, de- forað, n. (1) dangerous place or situa-
ceit. tion, abyss, pit; (2) ogre, monster (þú ert
flærðari, m. impostor. et mesta f.).
flærð-lauss, a. sincere; at -lausu, foraðs-hár, a. terribly tall; -illr, a.
faithfully, honestly. abominable; -veðr, n. abominable weath-
flærðr, pp. adulterated, poisoned (f. er er.

174
forátta F for-maðr
forátta, f. pretext; finna e-t til forát- gangsmaðr.
tu, to plead as one’s excuse. for-hleypi, n.; hafa e-n at -hleypi, to
for-beini, m. furtherance; -berg, n. use one as a cat’spaw.
projecting rock; -bergis, adv. down-hill; forhleypis-maðr, m. = forhleypi.
-boð, n. prohibition (leggja -boð á e-t); for-hugaðr, pp. premeditated, afore-
-boða (að), v. (1) to forbid (= fyrirbjóða); thought; -hugsan, f. design, purpose.
(2) to put under an interdict; -brekkis, for-hús, n. porch.
adv. down-hill; -brekkt, a. n. down-hill; foringi (pl. -jar), m. leader.
-bœnir, f. pl. evil wishes, imprecations forka (að), v. to punt (a ship).
(biðja e-m forbœgna). for-kast, n. fodder (hay) thrown before
forða (að), v. (1) to put forth (forðuðu cattle; -kirkja, f. church-porch; -kos-
fingrum); (2) to save, f. fjörvi, lífi, f. sér, tuliga, adv. very finely; -kólfr, m.
to save one’s life; (3) refl., forðast, to shun, leader, chief.
avoid, escape; f. fund e-s, to shun one. forkr (-s, -ar), m. pole, staff, stick.
forði, m. help, aid. for-kuðr (gen. -kunnar), f. eager de-
forðum, adv. formerly; f. daga, in for- sire; e-m er -kúðr á e-u, one desires eager-
mer days. ly; gen., forkunnar, remarkably, exceed-
for-dyri, n. vestibule (= anddyri). ingly (-kunnar vænn, mikill);
for-dæða, f. witch, sorceress. -kunn(ar)liga, adv. (1) fervently (biðja
fordæðu-maðr, m. wizard, sorcerer; forkunnliga); (2) exceedingly (forkunnli-
-skapr, m. witchcraft, sorcery; -verk, n. ga fríðr); -kunnligr, a. excellent.
execrable deed. forlag, n. (1) provision for living, means
for-dœma (-da, -dr), v. to condemn. of subsistance; (2) settlement (in life, by
for-dœmi, n., -dœming, f. condemna- marriage); (3) pl. forlög, fate, destiny.
tion. for-lagðr, pp. done with, forlorn;
for-ellrar, m. pl. forefathers, ances- -lendi, n. the land between sea and hills;
tors; -ellri, n. coll. = forellrar (úlíkir -ljótr, a. exceedingly ugly; -lýta (-tta,
sínu forellri). -ttr), v. to blame.

F
forellris-menn, m. pl. = forellrar. for-lög, n. pl., see ‘forlag’.
for-faðir, m. (1) forefather; (2) prede- form, n. form, shape (rare).
cessor; -fall, n. hindrance, drawback; for-maðr, m. leader, chief; -maðr ko-
-flótti, a. exiled fugitive; verða -flótti nunga, the foremost among kings;
fyrir e-m, to flee before one; -ganga, f., -mannligr, a. leader-like; -máli, m. (1)
-gangr, m. ‘going before’, help, support. preamble; (2) stipulation (með þvílíkum
forgangs-maðr, m. leader, guide. formála, sem); (3) foreword; (4) prayer;
for-garðr, m. fore-court (of a house); -menntr, pp. well trained, highly skilled;
vera á -görðum, to be wasted and squan- -messa, f. matins; -mikill, a. exceeding-
dered, of stores; -gipt, f. payment for al- ly great; -mælandi (pl. -endr), m.,
imentation; -gísl, m. hostage; -gísla -mælari, m. spokesman; -mæli, n. (1)
(að), v. to give (a person) as hostage. pleading; veita e-m formæli, to plead for
forgöngu-maðr, m. leader = for- one, pray for one; (2) prescribed form, for-

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forn F for-tjald
mula. of a ship.
forn, a. (1) old (f. vinátta, f. mjóðr); for-ríkr, a. exceedingly rich.
(2) ancient; fornir menn, the men of old; for-ræði, n. = for-ráð.
f. siðr, the old (heathen) custom, religion; fors, n. vehemence, wrath.
f. átrúnaðr, the old creed, heathenism; f. fors (pl. -ar), m. waterfall.
í skapi, inclined to old, or heathen, ways; for-sát, f. ambush; -senda, f., -send-
hann var f. mjök, he was a great wizard; at ing, f. dangerous mission.
fornu, til, forna, formerly, in times fast. fors-fall, n. torrent.
fornaðr, m., see ‘fórnaðr’. fors-fullr, a. wrathful, vehement.
for-nafn, n. pronoun. for-sjá or -sjó, foresight, prevision.
for-nám, n. obstacle, hold-fast. forsjá-lauss, a. (1) improvident; (2)
forneskja, f. (1) old times; (2) hea- helpless; -leysi, n. want of foresight;
thenism; (3) oldlore, witchcraft (fara með -liga, adv. with foresight, prudently;
forneskju). -ligr, a. prudent.
forneskju-klæðabúnaðr, m. old- for-sjáll, a. prudent, foresigh led.
fashioned apparel; -maðr, m. sorcerer, forsjá-maðr, m. overseer, manager.
wizard. for-skáli, m. ante-chamber, entrance-
forn-fáguligr, a. old and worn-out; hall; -skepti, n. handle of a hammer or
-fróðr, a. skilled in old lore, versed in axe; -sköp, n. pl. ill fate; -smá (-smái,
witchcraft; -frœði, f. ancient lore, witch- -smáða, -smáðr), v. to despise; -smán,
craft. f. disgrace; -smiðr, m. master-smith;
for-njósn, f. foresight (-njósnaraugu). -spá, f. prophecy; -spár, a. foreseeing,
forn-konungr, m. ancient king; prophesying; -spell, n. heavy loss;
-kveðinn, pp. said of old; hit -kveðna, -staða, f. shielding, protection; mæla e-
the old saw; -kvæði, n. old poem; -ligr, m forstöðu (við e-n), to say a good word
a. old-looking, old-fashioned; fornlig for one; -stjóri, m. overseer, leader;
fræði, old lore; -maðr, m. man of the old- -stjórn, f. rule, management.
en time; -mæli, n. old saw; -mæltr, pp. forstjórnar-maðr, m. manager.
= forn-kveðinn; -orðr, a. swearing; for-stoð, f. = -staða; -stofa, f. =
-saga, f. old (mythical) tale; -skáld, n. -skáli; -stórr, a. exceeding tall;
ancient scald; -spjöll, n. pl. old lore; -streymis, adv. down stream, opp. to
-spurðr, pp., gera e-n fornspurðan at e- ‘andstreymis’; -sýn, f. foreboding;
u, to do a thing without asking one’s leave; -sýnn, a. (1) foresighted; (2) second sigh-
-tíðindi, n. pl. old tales; -vinr, m. old- led; -sæti, n. front bench; -sœla, f. shade
friend; -yrði, n. old saw. (from the sun); -sögn, f. (1) prophecy; (2)
for-ráð, n. (1) management, superin- superintendence; (3) dictation, instruction
tendent; (2) administration, guardianship; (eptir hinna vitrustu manna forsögn).
-ráðandi (pl. -endr), m. overseer, man- for-taka, v. to deny; fortaks-orð, n.
ager. word of contradiction.
forráða-maðr, forráðs-maðr, m. for-tjald, n. curtain, bed-curtain;
manager, head man; -maðr á skipi, captain -tölur, f. pl. persuasion(s), representa-

176
forverks-lítill F fóstr-jörð
tions; -vaði, m. a ford before a projecting fólk-drótt, f. = fólk (4); -orrusta, f.
cliff; -veðjaðr, pp. forfeited; -verari, battle of hosts, great battle.
m. forebear, predecessor; -verk, n. (1) fólks-jaðarr, m. chief, lord.
work done in another’s service; (2) harvest fólk-skár, a. destructive to men;
of hay; (3) hireling’s work; gera ekki -stjóri, -valdi, m. captain; -vápn, n.
forverkum við e-n, not to treat one mean- pl. weapons; -víg, n. great battle, war;
ly. -vörðr, m. chief, captain.
forverks-lítill, a. able to do but little fólska, f. foolishness, folly.
forverk; -maðr, m. able workman. fólskr, a. foolish.
for-viða, a. indecl. overcome in a fight; fólsku-ferð, f. foolish expedition;
-viðris, -vindis, adv. before the wind; -orð, n. pl. foolish words; -verk, n. fool-
-virki, n. = -verk (1); -vist, f., -vista, f. ish (mad) act.
management; -vitinn, a. curious; -vitna fórn (pl. -ir), f. (1) gift; (2) offering.
(að), v. to pry into, enquire about (forvit- fórna (að), v. (1) to offer as a present (f.
na e-t or um e-t); refl., forvitnast e-t, um e-m e-t) to offer, bring as an offering (to
e-t, til e-s, to enquire about; impers., e- God).
n forvitnar e-t, one is curious to know; fórnaðr, m., at fórnaði, furthermore,
-vitni, f. curiosity; -vitri, a. very wise; in addition, to boot.
-yflast (d), v. refl. to shrink from (e-s); fórn-fœra (-ða, -ðr), v. to bring an
-ynja, f. appearance, foreboding; -ysta, f. offering (konungr fórnfœrði goðunum);
headship, leadership. -fœring, f. offering.
forystu-geldingr, m. = -sauðr; fóst-bróðir, m. (1) foster-brother; (2)
-lauss, a. unprotected; -sauðr, m. bell- sworn brother (= eiðbróðir).
wether. fóstbrœðra-lag, n. (1) foster-brother-
for-þokki, m., -þykkja, f. dislike. hood; (2) sworn brotherhood (sverjast í
foss (pl. -ar), m. waterfall; = fors. fóstbraðralag).
fóa, f. she-fox. fóstr, n. (1) the fostering (of a child);
fóarn, n. gizzard. (2) maintenance.

F
fóðr, n. fodder, foddering. fóstra (að), v. to bring up as a foster-
fóðra (að), v. (1) to fodder, feed; (2) to child, be a foster-father to.
fur or line (a garment). fóstra, f. (1) foster-mother; (2) foster-
fóðr-lauss, a. (1) fodderless; (2) un- daughter.
lined. fóstr-dóttir, f. foster-daughter.
fól, n., fóli, m. fool. fóstr-faðir, m. foster-father.
fólk, n. (1) folk, people; (2) the people of fóstri, m. (1) foster-father; (2) foster-
a household; (3) kinsfolk; (4) host; (5) bat- son; (3) foster-brother; (4) pl., fóstrar, fos-
tle (poet.). ter-father and foster-son.
fólk-djarfr, a. brave in battle; fóstr-jörð, f., -land, n. native coun-
-liðendr, m. pl. wayfarers; -ræði, n. try; -laun, n. pl. reward for fostering;
rule over people; -vítr, f. ‘battle wight’, -man, n. nurse (bondmaid); -móðir, m.
Valkyrie. foster-mother; -mær, f. foster-daughter;

177
fóta-afl F framan
-neyti, n. foster-parents; -sonr, m. fos- carry; kominn af fótum fram, off one’s
ter-son; -systir, f. foster-sister; -sys- feet, decrepit; hverr á fœtr öðrum, one af-
tkin, n. pl. foster-brother(s) and sister(s). ter the other; (2) foot (as a measure).
fóta-afl, n. strength of the feet; -brík, fót-sárr, a. foot-sore; -síðr, a. reach-
f. footboard (of a bed); -burðr, m. gait; ing down to the feet; -skemill, m. foot-
-festi, f. foot-hold; -fjöl, f. foot-board; stool; -skriða, f. sliding; renna-skriðu,
-gangr, m. trampling, din; -hlutr, m. to slide on the ice; -skör, f., footboard;
the nether part of the body; -læti, n. pl. -spor, n. foot-print (stíga í e-s fót-spor);
kicking (of one hanged). -stallr, m. pedestal; -stirðr, a. stiff-
fótar-mein, n. sore leg; -sár, n. a legged; -trob, n. trampling under feet;
wound in the foot; -verkr, m. pain in the -troða (see troða), v. to trample under
leg (foot). one’s feet, tread upon; -veill, a. with a
fóta-spyrning, f. spurning with the bad leg.
feet; -stapp, n. stamping with the feet; frakka, f. spear, lance (rare).
-þili, n. = fóta-brík; -þváttr, m. foot- frakka-konungr, m. the king of the
washing. Franks.
fót-borð, n. foot-board; -brot, n. frac- frakkar, m. pl. the Franks.
ture of the leg; -brotinn, pp. broken- fram, adv. (1) forward; hann féll f. á.
legged; -fimr, a. nimble-footed; -gan- fœtr konungi, he fell forward on his face
gandi, pr. p. walking, going on foot. at the king’s feet; f. rétt, straight on; koma
fótgöngu-herr, m., -lið, n. host of f., to reappear; (2) out of the house; opp.
footmen; -maðr, m. a man on foot, foot- to ‘inn, innarr’ (var hon ávalt borin f. ok
man, foot-soldier. innarr); (3) on the fore part, in front, opp.
fót-hár, a. long-legged (= há-fœttr); to ‘aptr’ (maðr f., en dýr aptr); aptr ok
-hrumr, a. weak-footed; -hvatr, a. f., fore and aft, of a ship; (4) joined with
swift-footed; -högg, n. hewing one’s feet preps. and particles, bíða f. á dag, f. á
off; -höggva (see höggva), v. to hew nótt, to wait far into the day, or night; bíða
one’s feet off; -lami, a. lame of foot; -lan- f. um jól, to wait till after Yule; fyrir lög
gr, a. long-legged; -laug, f. foot-bath; f., in spite of the law; f. undan eyjunni; off
-lauss, a. footless; -lágr, a. low-legged, the island; (5) of time, hversu er f. orðit,
short-legged; -leggr, m. the leg; -mál, n. how late is it, what time is it? f. orðit dags,
step; -mikill, a. big-footed; -mjúkr, a. late in the day.
nimble-looted; -pallr, m. footstool. frama (að), v. to further; f. sik, to dis-
fótr (gen. fótar, dat. fœti, pl. tinguish oneself; of a woman, in pp.
fœtr), m. (1) foot, foot and leg; spretta neut., með barni A mjök framat, and far
(støkkva) á fœtr, to start to one’s feet; vera advanced.
á fótum, to be out of bed, be up; skjóta frama-ferð, f. famous enterprise;
fótum undir sik, taka til fóta, to take to -leysi, n. obscurity.
one’s heels; eiga fótum fjör at launa, to framan, adv. (1) from (on) the front
save one’s life by running away; hlaupa side; f. at borðinu, to the front of the table;
sem fœtr toga, to run as fast as feet can f. á (skipinu), on the fore part (of the

178
framandi F framkvæmdar-lauss
ship); á stálhúfuna f., on the front of the -farinn, pp. departed; -ferð, f. (course
steel cap; (2) fyrir f., before, in the front of, of) procedure; -ferði, n. (1) = -ferð; (2)
with acc. (fyrir f. slána); (3) f. til (= fram conduct; -flutning, f. (1) maintenance,
til), up to, until; nú líðr til þings f., it drew suport; (2) pronunciation; -flutningr,
near to the time of assembly. m. (1) = fram-flutning (1); (2) pleading;
framandi, pr. p. distinguished, of dis- -fótr, m. fore-leg; -fúss, a. eager, will-
tinction (f. menn). ing; -fœri, n. furtherance; -fœrinn, a.
framan-vátr, a. wet on the fore-side; putting oneself forward; -fœrsla, f. sup-
-verðr, a. lying forward, foremost; á fra- port, maintenance.
manverðri brekkunni, on the front of the framfœrslu-kerling, f. old pauper
slope; í framanvert nefit, on the tip of the woman; -maðr, m. pauper.
nose. fram-för, f. (1) advancing; (2) death;
frama-raun, f. trial of fame. -ganga, f. (1) advancing; (2) boldness,
framar-la, -liga, adv. (1) in a forward courage; -gangr, m. (1) advancing in bat-
position, near the front; (2) fully, highly, tle; (2) success; (3) = -ganga (2);
much. -genginn, pp. departed, deceased;
framarr, adv. compar., framast, -gengt, a. n. brought about, successful;
adv. superl. (= fremr, fremst), (1) farther verða framgengt, to succeed; -girnd, f.,
(farthest) on; feti framarr, a step further -girni, f. forwardness; -gjarn, a. striving
on; (2) more, most (mun þín leitat verða torward, eager.
hér framarr en hvar annars staðar); miklu framgöngu-máðr, m. valiant man.
er sjá framarr (more prominent, superior) fram-heit, n. pl. fair promises for the
at hvívetna; því framarr sem, all the more future; -hleypi, n. forwardness, rashness;
as; konungr virði hann framast allra sona -hleypiligr, a. rash; -hlutr, m. fore
sinna, most of all his sons. part; -hús, n. porch, entry; -hvass, a. for-
frama-skortr, m. lack of courage; ward, hold; -hvöt, f. encouragement.
-verk, n. exploit, feat. frami, m. (1) boldness, courage; (2)
fram-boðligr, a. that can be offered; luck; freista síns frama, to try one’s luck;

F
-bógr, m. shoulder (of an animal); (3) distinction, fame (vinna sér frama);
-bryggja, f. the gangway leading to the (4) profit (mæla e-t í sinn frama).
bow of a ship; -burðr, m. delivery (of a fram-játan, f. promise; -kast, n. fore-
speech); -búð, f., vera til lítillar fram- cast, empty words; -kirkja, f. nave, opp.
búðar, to be of little lasting use; -byggjar, to ‘sönghús’, choir, chancel; -krókar, m.
-byggvar, m. pl. the men stationed in the pl. exertion; leggja í króka, to exert one-
bow of a warship (opp. to ‘aptrbyggjar’). self; kvæma (-da, -dr), v. to fulfil, bring
framdráttar-samr, a. putting oneself about; -kvæmd, f. fulfilment, success,
forward. prowess.
fram-dráttr, m. (1) launching (-dráttr framkvæmdar-lauss, a. unavailing,
skips); (2) support, maintenance; -egg- useless; -leysi, n. inaction; -maðr, m.
jan, f. egging on; -fall, n. (1) falling on enterprising man; -mikill, -samr, a. en-
one’s face; (2) downfall; (-fall árinnar); terprising.

179
fram-kvæmr F frá-skila
fram-kvæmr, a. efficacious. f. prophetic spirit; -víss, a. prophetic,
fram-lag, n. outlay, contribution; -la- foreseeing.
ga, f. advancing (with the ships in bat- frauð, n. froth (= froða).
tle); -leiðis, adv. further, next; -leiðs- frá, prep. with dat. (1) from (ganga f.
la, f. conduct (-leiðsla hans lífdaga); lögbergi); skamt f. ánni, a short distance
-liðinn, pp. departed, deceased; -ligr, from the river; (2) away from (nökkut f.
a. excellent; framligr maðr, a fine man; öðrum mönnum); (3) of time, alit f. el-
-lundaðr, a. bold, courageous; -lútr, a. dingu, all along from daybreak; dag f. de-
(1) bending forward; (2) prone (til e-s); gi, one day after another; (4) from among,
-lyndr, a. = framlundaðr. beyond; gera sik auðkendan f. öðrum
frammi, adv. (1) out, away out; þeir mönnum, to make oneself conspicuous; (5)
Leifr sitja f. í húsum, near the outer door; against; frá líkindum, against likelihood;
standa f. fyrir e-m, to stand before one’s (6) of, about; er mér svá f. sagt konungi, I
face; (2) hafa e-t f. or í f., to make use of, am told so about the king; (7) as adv. away;
employ; hafa kúgan í f. við e-n, to try to hverfa f., to turn away; til ok f., to and fro;
browbeat one. héðan í f., hence, henceforlh; þar út í frá,
fram-mynntr, a. with a prominent secondly, next.
mouth (mjök eygðr ok f.). frá-bæriligr, -bærr, a. surpassing;
framr (compar. framarri, fremri; -dráttr, m. diminution; -fall, n. (1)
superl. framastr, fremstr), a. (1) for- falling off, receding (-fall sjófarins); (2)
ward, prominent; neut., framt, to such an decease, death; -ferð, f. departure.
extent; treysta framt á, to put full trust in; frágørða-, gen. pl. from ‘frágørðir’;
compar. the foremost of two; til hins frem- -lið, n. choice troops; -maðr, m. remark-
ra austrrúms, to the fore pumping room; able man; -mikill, a. exceeding great
hit fremra, the place nearest the door, the (fjöturr f.).
road along the coast (fóru sumir f. tit Sel- frá-gørðir, f. pl. surpassing feats; var
jalandsmúla); (2) fig., fremri e-m, superi- þat at -gørðum, it was extraordinary; -la-
or to (öllum fremri) superl. foremost, best ga, f. retreat (in a seafight; cf. leggja frá);
(fremstr at allri sœmd); furthest back -lauss, a. free, clear (from a matter).
(hvat þú fremst um veizt). frá-leikr, m. swiftness, briskness.
fram-rás, f. course; -reið, f. riding on; frá-ligr, a. quick, swift.
-reitir, m. pl. the fore-beds’ (in a gar- frán-eygr, a. with flashing eyes.
den); fig., hafa e-t á -reitum to display, fránn, a. gleaming, flashing (of ser-
make a show of; -saga, f. delivery (-saga pents and weapons).
sakar); -snoðinn, a. bald on the forehead; frár (frári, frástr), a. swift, light-
-sókn, f. further prosecution of a case (- footed (frár á fœti).
sókn sakar); -stafn, m. stem, prow; frá-saga, f. account, narrative.
-sýn, f. foresight; -sýni, f. fore-sighted- frásagnar-verðr, a. worth relating.
ness; -sýniligr, a. foreseeing; -sýnn, a. frá-skila, a. indecl. separated, isolated
foreseeing, prophetic; -sögn, f. statement; (-skila e-m); -skilliga, adv. out of the
-vegis, adv. further, for the future; -vísi, way, far off; -skilligr, a. = -skila; -skil-

180
frá-sögn F fret-karl
naðr, m. separation. frelsis-gjöf, f. gift of freedom (to a
frá-sögn, f. (1) the act of relating; (2) = bondsman).
frásaga. fremd, f. furtherance, honour.
frásögu-ligr, a. worth relating, inter- fremdar-ferð, f. glorious, journey;
esting. -lauss, a. inglorious; -verk, n. feat.
frá-vera, -vist, f. absence. fremi, adv. only in the phrase, svá f. er,
fregn (pl. -ir), m. news, intelligence in- so far; esp., svá f. er, not until, not before,
formation. only when; seg þú svá f. frá því, er þessi
fregna (fregn; frá, frágum; dagr er allr, wait till this day is past before
fréginn), v. (1) to hear of, be informed of you speak of that; svá f. ef, in case that.
(þrándr frá andlát föður síns); (2) to ask fremja (frem, framda, framiðr and
(f. e-n e-s); f. e-n ráðs, to ask one’s advice. framdr), v. (1) to further, promote (f.
fregna (-da or -að), v. = prec. kristni); f. sik, to distinguish oneself; (2)
freista (að), v. (1) to tempt, make trial to perform, practice; f. heiðni, to practice
of, with gen.; (2) to try; f. íþróttar, to try a heathen worship; f. sund, to swim; to gain
feat; f. sín í móti e-m, to try one’s strength distinction. (3) refl., fremjast, to gain dis-
against another; with infin., f. at renna tinction.
skeið, to try to run a race. fremr, adv. compar., fremst, adv. su-
freistan, freisting, f. temptation. perl. more, most (= framarr, framast);
freistinn, a. daring, trying. þeir er fremst vóru, those who were fore-
freistni, f. (1) temptation; (2) trial. most.
freka, f. rigour, se verity, harshness; fremri, a. compar., fremstr, a. su-
með freku, harshly. perl., see ‘framr’.
frek-efldr, pp. forcible. frer or frør, n. frost, frosty soil; f. var
freki, m. wolf (poet.). hart úti, it was hard frost; esp. pl., bíða
frekja, f. = freka. frøra, to wait for frost; -mánaðr, m. frost-
frek-liga, adv. harshly, immoderately; month (December).
-ligr, a. harsh, severe. frerinn, pp. frozen (f. skór).

F
freknóttr, a. freckly. fress (pl. -ar), m. (1) tom-cat (eigandi
frekr, a. (1) greedy (f. til fjár), eager; fressa, Freyja); (2) bear.
(2) harsh, rigorous (frek lög); nú skal ek frest, n. delay, respite; á viku fresti, at
vera yðr f. harðsteinn, a rough whetstone. the end of a week; also pl., þótt frestin
frelsa (-ta, -tr), v. (1) to free, deliver, væri löng, although the delay was long; ljá
rescue (f. landit af hernaði); (2) f. e-m e- e-m fresta, to give one respite; selja á f., to
t, to rescue (secure) a thing for one (til at f. sell on credit.
honum sína föðurleifð); (3) refl., frelsast, fresta (að), v. to defer, put off, with
to save oneself, escape. dat. (f. brúðlaupi); absol. to tarry.
frels-borinn, pp. = frjálsborinn. frostan, f. delaying, delay.
frelsi, n. (1) freedom; (2) leisure; (3) freta (fret, frat, and að), v. to break
privilege, immunity (f. kirkjunnar). wind (freta við).
frelsingi (-ja, -jar), m. freedman. fret-karl, m. contemptible fellow.

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fretr F frið-samligr
fretr, m. fart; reka fret, to break wind. a. peaceful; -gælur, f. pl. enticements to
frétt (pl. -ir), f. (1) news, intelligence; peace (bera friðgælur á e-n); -gørð, f. =
(2) enquiry about the future (ganga til frét- friðar-gørð; -heilagr, a. inviolate; -hel-
tar við e-n). ga (að), v. to make inviolate; -helgr
frétta (-tta, -ttr), v. (1) to hear, get (gen. -helgar), f. inviolability, protection
intelligence; (2) to ask, enquire (f. e-n e- by law.
s or at e-u); f. tíðenda, to ask for news; frið-drjúgr, a. peaceful.
f. e-n upp, to find one out; (3) refl. to get friðill, m. lover.
about, be reported (þetta fréttist um her- frið-kastali, m. asylum; -kaup, n.
aðit); fréttist alls ekki til hans, nothing purchase of peace.
was heard of him; fréttist mér svá til, I am friðla or frilla, f. a man’s mistress or
told; fréttust þeir tíðenda, they asked each concubine (friðlur áttu þeir brœðr).
other for news; fréttast fyrir, to enquire. frið-land, n. friendly country, place of
fréttinn, a. eager for news, inquisitive retreat; -lauss, a. outlawed, proscribed;
(um e-t, about a thing). -leysi, n. insecurity; -liga, adv. peaceful-
freyða (-dda, -tt), v. to froth. ly; -ligr, a. peaceful, peaceable.
freyja, f. lady; the goddess Freyja. friðlu-, frillu-borinn, pp. bastard-
freyr (gen. freys), m. (1) lord; (2) the born; -lifnaðr, m., -lífi, n. fornication,
god Frey. whoredom; -maðr, m. adulterer; -sonr,
freys-goði, m. priest of Frey. m. illegitimate son; -tak, n. in the
friða (að), v. to pacify, restore to peace phrase, taka -taki, to take as concubine.
(f. ríki sitt); f. fyrir e-m, to make peace for, frið-maðr, m. peaceful man, friend;
intercede for one (við e-n, with another); -mark, n. token of peace; -mál, n. words
refl., friðast við e-n, to reconcile oneself to of peace; bera -mál milli manna, to act as
another. peacemaker; -mælast (t), v. refl. to sue
friðan, f. pacifying. for peace (ekki mun nú tjá at friðmælast).
friðar-bréf, f. letter of peace; -fundr, friðr (gen. friðar), m. (1) peace, per-
m. peaceful meeting; -gørð, f. conclusion sonal security; biðja e-n friðar, to sue for
of peace, truce, treaty; -koss, m. kiss of peace; (2) love, friendship frið at kaupa, to
peace; -mark, n. token of peace; -maðr, purchase (thy) love.
m. = friðmaðr; -stefna, f. peace-meet- frið-samligr, a. peaceable; -samr, a.
ing; -tákn, n. friðar-mark. peaceful; -semd, -semi, f. peacefulness;
frið-benda (-da, -dr), v. to fasten the -skjöldr, m. truce-shield; bregða upp
sword in the sheath with friðbönd; -bót, f. -skildi, to lift the shield of truce; -spilli,
peace-making; -brot, n. breach of peace. n. breach of peace; -staðr, m. sanctuary
friðbrots-maðr, m. peace-breaker. in a temple, asylum; -stefna, f. =
frið-bönd, n. pl. ‘peace-bonds’ (straps friðarstefna; -stóll, m. chair of peace;
wound round the sheath and fastened to -sæla, f. bliss of peace; -sæll, a. blessed
a ring in the hilt); spretta -böndum, to with peace; -ván, f. prospect of peace;
undo the peace-straps (before drawing the -vænligr, a., -vænn, a. giving promise of
sword); -gjafi, m. peace-maker; -gjarn, peace.

182
Frigg F frum-burðr
frigg (gen. -jar), f. the goddess Frigg frjó (dat. frjó and frjóvi), n. = fræ.
(the wife of Odin). frjóa or frjóva (að), v. to fertilize; re-
frilla, f., frillu-, see friðla, friðlu-. fl., frjóvast, multiply, be fertile.
fría (að), v. to deliver (f. e-n e-u) refl. frjó-ligr, a. fruitfull.
fríast, to free oneself. frjór (frjó, frjótt), a. fertile.
fríða (-dda, -ddr), v. to adorn. frjósa (frýs; fraus, frusum;
fríðendi, n. pl. good or fine things; hei- frosinn; also freri or frøri, frerinn
ta e-m fríðendum, to make fair promises. or frørinn), v. to freeze, esp. impers.,
fríð-leikr, m. personal beauty. fraus um hann klæðin (acc.), the clothes
fríðr (fríð, frítt), a. (1) beautiful, froze on his body; fraus inni skip (acc.) Er-
handsome (f. sýnum); (2) fine (frítt lið, lings, Erling’s ships were frozen in; veðr
föruneyti); (3) paid in kind; tólf hundruð var kalt ok frjósanda, cold and frosty;
fríð, twelve hundred head of cattle in pay- frýss haf allt optliga á vetrum, the whole
ment; fjórir tigir marka fríðs, forty marks sea often freezes in winter.
of silver paid in cattle. cf. ‘úfríðr’ fró-samr, a. fertile; -semd, f. fertility,
frísir, m. pl. the Frisians. truthfulness.
frískr, a. Frisian. froða, f. froth (= frauð).
frís-land, n. Frisia, Friesland. froskr (-s, -ar), m. frog.
frjá (-ða, -ðr), v. to love; sá fær er fr- frost, n. frost; f. var veðrs, it was frosty
jár, he that woos wins. weather; in pl., frost mikil ok kuldar,
frjá-aptann, m. Friday evening. much frost and cold; frost ok snjóar, frost
frjádaga-fasta, f. Friday fast. and snow.
frjá-dagr, m. Friday. frosta (að), v. impers. to freeze, =
frjádags-aptann, m., -kveld, n. Fri- frysta (hvert haust, er f. tók).
day evening (cf. ‘frjá-aptann, -kveld’); frosta-vetr, m. frosty winter.
-nótt, f. Friday night. frost-viðri, n. frosty weather.
frjá-kveld, n. (1) eve of Friday; Friday fró, f. relief (from pain), comfort.
evening. fróa (að), v. to relieve, with acc.

F
frjáls, a. (1) free, opp. to ‘þræll’ (f. fróan, f. relief, = fró.
maðr); (2) free, unhindered (láta e-n fara fróð-geðjaðr, -hugaðr, a. wise-
frjálsan); eiga. e-t at frjálsu, to possess minded, wise; -leikr, m. (1) knowledge,
freely, without restraint. information; (2) magic, witchcraft; -liga,
frjálsa (að), v. to free (= frelsa). adv. sensibly; eigi fróðliga, foolishly;
frjálsan, f. rescue, preservation. -ligr, a. sensible.
frjáls-borinn, pp. free-born; -leikr, fróðr, a. knowing, learned, well-in-
m. liberty; -lendingr, m. franklin; formed (hón var fróð at mörgu); fróðar
-liga, adv. freely; -ligr, a. free, indepen- bœkr, instructive books.
dent; -mannligr, a. appropriate to a free frói, m. relief, = fró.
man. frón, n. poet. land, country.
frjá-myrginn, m. Friday morning; frum-burðr, m. the first-born, first
-nótt, f. Friday night. child; -ferill, m. one making a first visit;

183
frú F frœða
-fórn, f. first-fruit; -gefinn, pp. first- fræ-korn, n. seed of corn.
born; -getnaðr, -getningr, m. = frænda-afli, m. strength in kinsmen;
-burðr; -gögn, n. pl. the main proofs; -bálkr, m. body of kinsmen; -gengi, n.
-hending, f. the foremost rhyming syl- = frændlið; -gipta, f. family luck; -lát,
lable in a line; -hlaup, n. personal as- n. loss (death) of kinsmen; -róg, n. strife
sault; -kveði, m. originator; -kviðr, m. among kinsinen; -skömm, f. disgrace in
the first verdict; -smíð, f. first attempt (in one’s famly; -styrkr, m. strength (back-
any art); -sök, f. original cause; -tign, f. ing) of kinsmen.
the highest dignity; -ungr, a. very young; frænd-bálkr, m. = frænda-bálkr;
-vaxta, a. indecl. in one’s prime; -váttr, -gofugr, a. having distinguished kins-
m. the first, original witness; -verr, m. men; -hagi, m. native place; -hollr, a.
first husband. faithful to one’s kinsmen.
frú (gen. frú, pl. frúr), f. mistress, la- frændi (pl. frændr), m. kinsman (al-
dy (= freyja). so used of a brother and a son); yðrir
frygð, f. blossoming, excellence. fyrri frændr, your ancestors.
frysta (-ti, -t), v. to freeze. frænd-kona, f. kinswoman; -leifð, f.
frýja (frý, frýða, frýt), v. (1) to defy, patrimony, inheritance (after a kinsman);
taunt (hón frýði honum með mörgum -lið, n. host of kinsmen, family; -lingr,
orðum): f. e-m hugar, to challenge one’s m. = frændi; -maðr, m. = frændi; -mar-
courage; þessi klæði frýja ykkr föður- gr, a. having many kinsmen; -mær, f.
hefnda, those clothes challenge you to re- maiden kinswoman; -ríkr, a. rich in kins-
venge your father; (2) f. á e-t, to complain men; -rœkinn, a. attached to one’s kins-
of; to egg (goad) on. men; -samliga, adv. kinsmanlike, kindly;
frýja, f. taunt, reproach; verja sik frýju, -semi, f. relationship, kinship; ganga við
to clear one self of reproach. frændsemi e-s, to acknowledge one is a
frýju-laust, adv. blamelessly, beyond kinsman; var góð -semi með þeim, there
reproach; -orð, -yrði, n. taunt (leggja was good fellowship between them, they
frýju-orð á e-n). lived on good terms as kinsmen.
frýn-ligr, a., frýnn, a. pleasant (- frændsemis-spell, n. breech of kin-
looking), inviting (only with negative, cf. ship, incest; -tala, f. tracing of kinship;
‘úfrýnn’). vera í -tölu við e-n, to be of kinship with
fræ (dat. frævi), n. seed (= frjó). one.
frægð, f. fame, renown. frænd-skarð, n. loss of a kinsman;
frægðar-fullr, a. glorious; -för, f. -stórr, a. having, great kinsmen;
glorious journey; -maðr, m. famous man; -sveinn, m. young kinsman; -sveit, f.
-mark, n. badge of glory; -samligr, a. body of kinsmen; -víg, n. slaying of a kins-
glorious; -skot, n. famous shot; -verk, n. man.
feat, exploit. frær, a. yielding fruit, = frjór.
frægi-ligr, a. creditable, honourable. fræs, f. hissing (þú gerðir f. mikla).
frægja (-ða, -ðr), v. to make famous. fræva (að), v. to fertilize.
frægr, a. famous (f. konungr). frœða (-dd, -ddr), v. to teach.

184
frœði F full-ráða
frœði, f. and n. (1) knowledge, learning, -illa, adv. very badly; -keyptr, pp.
lore; í sumum frœðum, in some old bought full dearly; -kominn, pp. perfect;
records (poems); (2) charms, spells (þau -kominn at aldi, full grown; -komliga,
kváðu þar frœði sín, en þat vóru galdrar). adv. fully; -kosta, a. indecl. fully
frœði-bœkr, f. pl. books of knowledge; matched (of man and wife); -kvæni, a.
-fýsi, f. love of knowledge; -maðr, m. well married; -launaðr, pp. fully reward-
learned man, scholar, historian; -nám, ed; -leiksa, a. indecl. quite enough to do
-næmi, n. acquisition of knowledge, learn- (hafa -leiksa); -liða, a. indcl. having men
ing, studying. (troops) enough; -malinn, pp. fully
frœki-liga, adv. valiantly. ground; -mikill, a. full great.
frœkinn, and frœkn, a. valiant, fullna (að), v. to fulfil, finish.
brave; frœk-leikr and frœkn-leikr, fullnaðr (gen. -ar), m. fulfilment;
m. valour, bravery, prowess. hafa fullnað ór máli, to obtain one’s full
frœkn-liga, adv. = frœkiliga; -ligr, a. claim (in a suit).
valiant-looking, brave. full-numi, a. having learnt fully, be-
fugl (-s, -ar), m. bird (fór hann svá come an adept in a thing (-numi í göl-
hart sem f. flygi); hafa f. af landi, to meet drum); -nœgja (-ða, -t), v. to be suffi-
with land-birds, to be near land. cieni, to suffice; -orðinn, pp. full-grown,
fugla-dráp, n. bird-killing; -drit, n. of age.
bird’s dung; -kippa, f. bundle of fowls; fullr, a. (1) full of (e-s or af e-u); f. upp
-lið, n. flock of birds. úlfúðar, full of savageness; f. eitri (dat.),
fuglari, m. fowler, bird-catcher. full of poison; (2) full, complete, entire; full
fugla-söngr, m. singing of birds; vissa, full certainty; sœkja mil til fullra,
-veiðr, f. bird-catching. laga, to the full extent of the law; halda til
fugl-berg, n. fowling-cliff; fugl- fulls við e-n, to stand on one’s full right
heill, f. augury; -veiðr, f. = fuglaveiðr; against another; hafa fullara hlut, to get
-ver, n. fowling-place; -þúfa, f. knoll on the better of it; at fullu, til fulls, fully,
which birds sit. thorougly.

F
full, n. the fill of a drinking-vessel, a full-ráða, a. indecl. fully resolved;
toast (Ódins-full, etc.). -rétti, n. a gross insult for which full
full-, in compds. fully, quite, amply; atonement is due; -rýninn, a. fully wise;
-bakaðr, pp. full-baked; -borða, a. in- -ræði, n. (1) full efficiency; (2) full match;
decl. with bulwarks of full height (of a -rœtt, pp. n. enough spoken of; -röskr,
ship); -býli, n. full provision for a house; a. in full strength; -sekta (að), v. to make
-ferma (-da, -dr), v. to load full; -frœ- one a full outlaw; -skriða, a. indecl. at
gr, a. full famous; -gamall, a. very old; full speed; -spakr, a. full wine; -steiktr,
-góðr, a. quite good; -gøra (-ða, -ðr), pp. fully roasted; -sæla, f. wealth, bliss;
v. to fulfil, complete. perform; -gørla -sæla fjár, great wealth; -sæll, a. blissful;
(-gørva), adv. quite, fully; -görr, pp. -sœfðr, pp. quite dead; -sœmdr, pp. ful-
fully done; -hugi, m. dauntless man, hero; ly honoured; -tekinn, pp. -tekinn karl,
-hyggja (see hyggja), v. to love dearly; a full champion; -tíða, a. indecl. full-

185
fullting F fylgja
grown; full-tíða aldr, full age. to fodder; -maðr, m. boarder, one boarded
fullting, n. help, assistance. out.
fulltingja (-da, -dr), v. to lend help, fúll, a. (1) foul, stinking; fúlt egg, a rot-
assist, with dat. ten egg; (2) fig. foul, mean.
full-trúi, m. one in whom one puts full fúl-leitr, a. of foul appearance; -liga,
confidence, patron (deity); -týja (-týða), adv. meanly; -mannligr, a. mean, paltry;
v. = -tingja; -vaxta, a. indecl. full-grown; -mennska, f. paltriness, baseness.
-vegit, pp. n. having slain enough; -vel, fúlna (að), v. to become stinking.
adv. full well; -virði, n. full price; fúl-yrði, n. pl. foul langwage.
-þroskaðr, pp. full-grown, grown to full fúna (að), v. to rot, decay.
strength; -þurr, a. fully dry. fúrr (gen. fúrs), m. fire (poet.).
fundning, f. finding. fús-liga, adv. willingly.
fundr (-ar, -ir), m. (1) finding, discov- fúss, a. willing, eager (f. e-s or til e-s; f.
ery (fundr fjárins, f. Íslands); (2) meeting; at fara, etc.); absol., f. (willing) vil ek mí-
fara, koma á fund e-s, til fundar við e-n, na hamingju til leggja.
to go to visit, or have talk, with, one; (3) fygla (-da, -t), v. to catch fowl.
fight, battle. fyl (gen. pl. -ja), n. foal or filly.
fund-víss, a. quick to find. fylgð, f. (1) following, guidance; (2) sup-
funi, m. flame (f. kveikist af funa). port, help, backing; (3) party, followers;
fura, f. fir, fir-tree. body-guard (of kings and princes); halda
furða (-að), v. (1) to wonder; (2) to fore- fylgð, to wait upon the king.
bode, with dat.; illu mun f., ef, it will bode fylgðar-lauss, a. without attendants,
ill, if. alone; -maðr, m. follower, attendant.
furða, f. (1) foreboding, omen; góðs fylgi, n. following, support; auka sér f.,
(ills) f., good (bad) omen; (2) strange (won- to win followers.
derful) thing; ekki er þetra nein f., ’tis fylgi-kona, f. concubine, mistress.
nothing strange. fylginn, a. attached to (f. e-m).
furðu-, in compound’s, very, wonder- fylgi-samr, a. = fylginn.
fully; -djarfr, a. very insolent; -heim- fylgja (-ða, -t), v. (1) to accompany,
skr, a. very foolish; -liga, adv. very, ex- help, with dat.; f. e-m at, f. e-s málum, to
ceedingly (-liga hár, mikill, vel); -ligr, side with one, take one’s part; (2) to lead,
a. wonderful, marvellous; -sterkr, a. very guide one (yðr var fylgt í kornhlöðu eina);
strong; -vel, adv. wonderfully well. (3) to pursue (f. fast flóttamönnum); (4)
furu-kvistr, m. fir bough. to follow, be about one (konungr lét
fussum, interj. fie, with dat. sveininn f. móður sinni); (5) to follow, ob-
fustan, n. fustian (foreign word). serve (f. e-s ráðom, f. hirðsiðum); (6) to
fúinn, a. rotten, decayed. belong, or pertain to (segl ok reiði er fyl-
fúlga, f. fee paid for alimentation. gðu skipinu); (7) láta f., to add; þat lét
fúlgu-fall, n. forfeit the alimentation hann f., at, he added that; (8) refl., fylg-
fee; -fé, n. sheep or cattle put out to fod- jast, to follow one another; fig. to hold to-
der; -fénaðr, m. sheep or cattle put out gether (hann bað sína menn f. vel, hold

186
fylgja F fyrir
well together). merkin); f. dyrum, before the door; (2) be-
fylgja, f. (1) guidance (beiða e-n fyl- fore one, in one’s presence; hón nefndist
gju); (2) female guardian spirit; attendant f. þeim Gunnhildr, she told them that her
spirit in animal form (þú munt vera feigr name was G.; (3) for; hann lét ryðja f.
maðr ok muntu hafa sét fylgju þína). þeim búðina, he had the booth cleared for
fylgjandi (pl. -jendr), m. follower. them, for their reception; (4) before one, in
fylgjari, m. = fylgjandi. one’s way; fjörðr varð f. þeim, they came
fylgju-engill, m. guardian angel; to a fjord; sitja f. e-m, to lie in wait for
-kona, f. (1) = fylgja (2); (2) = fylgikona; one; (5) naut. term. before, off; liggja f.
-lag, n. concubinage; -samr, a. = fyl- bryggjum, to lie off the piers; f. Humru-
gisamr. mynni, off the Humber; (6) before, at the
fylgsni, n. hiding-place. head of, over; vera f. liði, to be over the
fylja, f. filly. troops; vera f. máli, to lead the case; sitja
fylki (gen. pl. fylkja), n. (1) district, f. svörum, to undertake the defence; (7)
county, shire, in Norway (þat er f. kallat, of time, ago; f. þrem nóttum, three nights
er gøra má af tólf skip); (2) battalion, host ago; f. stundu, a while ago; f. löngu, long
(in battle). ago; vera f. e-u, to forebode (of a dream);
fylking (pl. -ar), f. (1) battle array; (2) (8) before, above, superior to; Hálfdan
host, legion. svarti var f. þeim brœðrum, H. was the
fylkingar-armr, m. wing of an army; foremost of the brothers; (9) denoting dis-
-broddr, m. vanguard of a host (í önd- advantige, harm, suffering; þú lætr Egil
verðum -broddi). vefja öll mál f. þér, thou lettest E. thwart
fylkir (gen. -is), m. chief, king. all thy affairs; tók at eyðast f. herm lausa-
fylkis-konungr, m. chief of a district; fé, her money began to fail; (10) denoting
a petty king. obstacle, hindrance; mikit gøri þer mér f.
fylkja (-ta, -tr), v. to draw up (in bat- þessu máli, you make this case hard for
tle array), with dat., or absol. me; varð honum lítit f. því, it was a small
fylla (-da, -dr), v. (1) to fill (f. e-t e-s matter for him; Ásgrími þótti þungt fyrir,

F
or af e-u); (2) to complete, make up (f. þat, A. thought that things looked bad; (11) be-
er á skortir); (3) to fulfil; (4) f. flokk e-s, cause of, for; hon undi sér hvergri f.
to side with one; (5) refl., fyllast áhyggju verkjum, she had no rest for pains; f.
ok hræðslu (gen.), to be filled with care hræðslu, for fear; illa fœrt f. ísum, scarce-
and fear. ly, passable for ice; gáðu þeir eigi f.
fylli, f. one’s fill (gefa e-m f. sína matar veiðum at fá heyjanna, because of fishing,
ok drkkjar). they neglected to make hay; f. því at, be-
fylli-liga, adv. fully. cause, since, as; (12) against; gæt þín vel
fylling, f. (1) filling; (2) fulfilment. f. konungi ok hans mönnum, guard thee
fyl-merr, f. a mare with a foal. well against the king and his men; beiða
fyrðar, m. pl. men, warriors (poet.). griða Baldri f. alls konar háska, against
fyrir, prep., I. with dat. (1) before, in all kinds of harm; (13) f. sér, of oneself;
front of (ok vóru fyrir honum borin mikill f. sér, strong, powerful; minnstr f.

187
fyrir-banna F fyrir-banna
sér, smallest, weakest; (14) denoting man- shall do to you according as you do first; (3)
ner or quality, with; hvítr f. hærum, while at hand, present, to the fore; föng þau, er
with hoary hair; II. with acc. (1) before, in f. vóru, stores that were at hand; þar var f.
front of; halda f. augu sér, to hold (one’s fjöldi boðsmanna, a host of guests was al-
hands) before one’s eyes; (2) before, into ready present (before the bride and bride-
the presence of; stefna e-m f. dómstól, groom came); (4) e-m verðr e-t f., one
before a court; (3) over; hlaupa f. björg, takes a certain step, acts so and so; Kolbei-
to leap over a precipice; kasta f. borð, to ni varð ekki f., K. was at a loss what to do;
throw overboard; (4) in one’s way, crossing e-t mælist vel (illa) f., a thing is well (ill)
one’s way; ríða á leið f. þá, to ride in their spoken or reported of (kvæðit mæltist vel
way, so as to meet them; (5) round, off; f.).
sigla f. nes, to weather a point; (6) along, fyrir-banna (að), v. to forbid, deny (e-
all along; f. endilangan Noreg, all along m e-t); -bending, f. foreboding; -bjóða
Norway, from one end to the other; draga (see bjóða), v. to forbid; -boða (að), v. to
ör f. odd, to draw the arrow past the point; forebode; -boðan, f. foreboding; -boðn-
(7) of time, f. dag, before day; f. e-s minni, ing, f. forbidding; -bón, f. imprecation;
before one’s memory; (8) for, on behalf of; -burðr, m. appearance, vision; -búa (see
vil ek bjóða at fara f. þik, I will offer to búa), v. to prepare; -búnaðr, m. prepa-
go for thee, in thy stead; lögvörn f. mál, ration; -búningr, m. preparation; -dœ-
a lawful defence for a case; (9) for, for the ma (-da, -dr), v. to condemn; -fara (see
benefit of; þeir skáru f. þá melinn, they fara), v. to destroy; -fari, m. foreboding;
cut the lyme-grass for them (the horses); -fólk, n. great folk, persons of distinction;
(10) for, instead of, in place of, as; (11) for, -furða, f. = -fari; -ganga, f. walking
because of (vilja Gunnar dauðan f. hög- ahead, leading; -gefa (see gefa), v. to
git); f. þín orð, for thy words (interces- forgive; -gefning, f. forgiveness; -gøra
sion); f. sína vinsæld, by reason of his pop- (-ða, -ðr), v. to forfeit (-gøra e-u); -heit,
ularity; (12) denoting value, price; f. þrjár n. promise; -huga (að), v. to intend for
merkr, for three marks; f. hvern mun, by (e-m e-t); -hugsa (að), v. to premeditate;
all means, at any cost; (13) in spite of, -hyggja, f. forethought, care; -koma (see
against (giptast f. ráð e-s); (14) joined koma), v. (1) to destroy, with dat.; (2)
with adverbs ending in -an, governing avert, prevent; -kona, f. woman of distinc-
acc. (f. austan, vestan, sunnan, norðan, tion; -konungr, m. distinguished king;
útan innan, framan, handan, ofan, -kunna (see kunna), v. to blame one for
neðan); f. austan, sunnan fjall, east, south (-kunna e-n e-s); -kveða (see kveða), v.
of the fell; f. neðan brú, below the bridge; to refuse (e-m e-t); -lát, n. forgiveness;
f. handan á, beyond the river; f. innan -láta (see láta), v. (1) to let go, give up;
garð, inside the fence; III. as adverb or el- (2) to forgive (e-m e-t); (3) to give way;
lipt. (1) ahead, before, opp. to ‘eptir’; þá -látr, a. not exacting, yielding; -lát-
var eigi hins verra eptir ván, er slíkt fór samr, a., ekki -látsamr, stubborn; -leg-
f., when this came first, preceded; (2) first; gja (see leggja), v. to lay aside, forsake;
mun ek þar eptir gera sem þér gerit f., I refl., -leggjast um e-t, to give it up;

188
fyrirrúms-maðr F fýsi-liga
-leitinn, a. circumspect; -leitni, f. cir- fyrnd, f. (1) age, antiquity; í fyrndinni,
cumspection; -litligr, a. contemptible; in times of yore; (2) decay, dilapidation (f.
-líta (see líta), v. to despise; -ljúga kirkjunnar).
(see ljúga), v. (1) to forswear by lies (- fyrnska, f. (1) age; slitinn af fyrnsku,
ljúga trú sinni); (2) with acc. to slander; worn with age; (2) witchcraft; vita fyrnsku,
-maðr, m. (1) foreman, chief; (2) one who to be skilled in witchcraft.
excels others; (3) predecessor; -mannli- fyrnsku-háttr, m. old fashion.
gr, a. distinguished-looking; -muna (see fyrr, adv. (1) before, sooner; því betr
muna), v. to grudge one a thing (e-m e- þykki mér er vér skiljum f., the sooner we
t); -mæla (-ta, -tr), v. (1) to injure one part the better; svá sem f. sögðum vér, as
by one’s words (-mæla e-m); (2) to curse; we said before; f. en, before (conj.), sooner
-nema (see nema), v. (1) -nema e-m mál, than; (2) rather.
to deprive one of speech, make one silent; fyrri, a. compar. former; fyrstr, a.
(2) refl., -nemast e-t, to forbear; -rásari, superl. the first, foremost; hinn fyrra hlut
-rennari, m. forerunner; -rúm, n. the vetrar, in the early part of the winter; hit
‘room’ in a ship of war before the ‘lypting’, fyrra sumar, the summer before last; yðrir
the middle ‘room’ of a boat. fyrri frændr, your ancestors; verða fyrri til
fyrirrúms-maðr, m. one stationed in e-s, at e-u, to be the first to do a thing; eigi
the fyrirrúm. fellr tré við hit fyrsta högg, a tree does not
fyrir-sát, f., -sátr, n. ambush; -segja fall at the first blow.
(see segja), v. to foretell; -setning, f. fyrri, adv. (= fyrr) before, sooner, rather
preposition; -sjón, f. laughinigstock; (fyrri skal ek deyja, en).
-skyrta, f. ‘fore-shirt’, apron; -spá, f. fyrr-meirr, adv. formerly, in former
prophecy; -sverja (see sverja), v. to for- times, previously.
swear, renounce by oath; -sögn, f. dicta- fyrrum, adv. formerly, before.
tion, instruction; -taka (see taka), v. (1) fyrst, adv. superl. (1) first; gekk Hrútr
to deny, refuse; (2) to forbid; -tölur, f. fyrst (foremost) ok kvaddi konunginn;
pl. persuasion; -vari, m. precaution; -ve- sem f., as soon as possible; f. í stað, direct-

F
ga (see vega), v. to forfeit by manslaugh- ly, at once; (2) conj. (rare) as, since.
ter; -verða (see verða), v. to collapse, fyrsta, f., í fyrstunni, í fyrstu, in the
vanish; -verða sik, to be destroyed; refl., beginning, at first.
-verðast, to perish, collapse; -vinnast fýla, f. (1) foulness, stink; (2) dirty fel-
(see vinna), v. refl., láta fyrirvinnast, to low (= mannfýla).
be idle, forbear (doing a thing); -vist, f. fýsa (-ta, -tr), v. to urge (f. e-n e-s)
leading, management; -ætlan, f. design, impers., mik fýsir, I am eager, desire
purpose. strongly (mik fýsir til Íslands, heim); re-
fyrnast (d), v. refl. (1) to get old, de- fl., fýsast, to desire, feel desirous or eager;
cay; (2) to be forgotten (hans nafn mun also ellipt. (hann kvaðst eigi f. til Íslands
aldri f.); henni fyrndist aldri fall Ólafs at svá búnu).
konungs, she never forgot king Olaf’s fýsi, f. wish, desire (= fýsn, fýst).
death. fýsi-liga, adv. willingly, desirably;

189
fýsn F föður-arfr
-ligr, a. desirable, attractive. with preps., f. e-t at e-m, to inflict on one;
fýsn, fýst, f. = fýsi; e-m er fýst á at f. skömm at e-m, to sneer at one; refl.,
gera e-t, one is desirous of doing (or eager fœrast at, to bestir oneself; mega ekki at
to do) a thing. fœrast, to be unable to do anything; f. á
fæð, f. (1) fewness, scantiness; (2) cold- e-n, to mock one; refl., fœrast á fœtr, to
ness (in intercourse); f. er með þeim, they grow up; f. e-n fram, to maintain, feed; f.
are on indifferent terms; taka f., to become e-t í hljóðmæli, to hush up; f. e-n í kaf,
melancholy. to plunge one under water; f. sik í ætt, to
fægja (-ða, -ðr), v. (1) to polish; (2) to vindicate one’s kinship (by a gallant deed);
cleanse (f. sár). f. e-n niðr = f. e-n í kaf; f. korn (sáð)
fækka (að), v. (1) to make few, reduce niðr, to put down corn (seed), to sow; f. e-
in number; (2) refl., fækkast, to grow cold, t sundr, to split asunder; f. e-n til kristni,
unfriendly (heldr tók at f. með þeim). to convert to Christianily; f. til rétts máls,
fæla (-da, -dr), v. to frighten, scare (f. to turn into prose; refl., fœrast undan e-
e-n braut); refl., fælast e-t, to be fright- u, to quit (release) oneself of; f. upp, to
ened at; hestar fældust, the horses shied. put up (f. upp vef); to lift up (f. upp øxi-
fæling, f. frightening. na); to take out (f. upp mat ór katli); f. út
fælinn, a. shy, timid. búðarveggi, to enlarge the walls of a booth.
fælt, adv. fearfully, in fearful mood fœrð, f. condition of the roads.
(fóra f. þeygi). fœri, n. (1) opportunity; komast í við
fær, f. sheep. e-n, to get a chance to attack one; vera í
fær-eyingar, m. pl. the Faroe Is- fœrum til e-s or um e-t, to be able to do a
landers; -eyjar, f. pl. the Faroe Islands. thing; (2) what one is able to do (ekki ætla
fær-eyskr, a. Faroese. ek þetta mitt f.); (3) fishing-line.
fæta, v. to have to do with (f. um e-t). fœri-ligr, a. (1) practicable, easy; (2)
fætka, fætta (að), v. = fækka. fœriligr hestr, a strong horse.
fœða (-dda, -ddr), v. (1) to feed, give fœr-leikr, m. ability, strength.
food to; (2) to rear, bring up (= f. upp); fœrr, a. (1) able to go (vóru þeir allra
(3) to give birth to (fœddi Bergljót svein- manna bezt fœrir bæði á fœti ok á
barn); (4) refl., fœðast, to feed, live on a skíðum); (2) capable of being passed, pass-
thing (f. við e-t); to be born; to be brought able, safe (Petlansfjorðr var eligi f.); fœrt
up (= f. upp). veðr, weather fit for travelling; skip fœrt,
fœða, f., fœði, n. food (= fœzla). fit for sea, seaworthy; (3) f. tíl e-s, capable
fœðing, f. birth, delivery. of, able to do a thing.
fœðingi (pl. -jar), m. native; vera f. í fœzla, f. food, = fœða.
e-u landi, to be born in a country. föður-arfr, m. inheritance after a fa-
fœra (-ða, -ðr), v. (1) to bring, convey ther; -bani, m. slayer of another’s father;
(f. fé til skips); (2) to bring, present (f. -betrungr, m. one better than his father;
e-m e-t); f. e-m höfuð sitt, to surrender -bróðir, m. father’s brother, uncle;
to one; f. e-m kvæði, to deliver a poem; -bœtr, f. pl. weregild for a father; -fræn-
(3) to remove (f. kirkju, f. bú sitt); (4) di, m. kinsman on the father’s side;

190
föl F föxóttr
-garðr, m. a father’s house; -gjöld, n. voyags; eiga skip í förum, to own a trad-
pl. were gild for one’s father; -hefndir, ing ship; (2) attack, assault (= atför); (3)
f. pl. revenge for one’s father; -kyn, n. fa- fate (munt þú hafa farar Hákonar jarls);
ther’s kin; skozkr at -kyni, on the father’s vér munum fara eina för allir, it will go
side; -leif, -leifð, f. patrimony; -ligr, with us all in the same way; (4) vera á föru
a. fatherly; -móðir, f. father’s mother, (förum), to be on the wane (lausafé hans
grandmother; -tún, n. = föður-garðr; var heldr á förum).
-ætt, f. kinsfolk on the father’s side. förlast (að), v. refl. to fall into decay;
föl, f. thin covering of snow. impers., e-m förlast, one grows weak
föl-leitr, a. pale-looking; -litaðr, (from age).
pp. pale-coloured. förnuðr, m. = farnaðr.
fölna (að), v. to grow pale (fölnaði ok föru-kona, f. vagrant woman.
hræddist); to wither (gras fölnar); kirkja förull, a. rambling, strolling about.
fyrnd ok fölnuð, decayed. föru-maðr, m. vagrant, beggar;
fölnan, f. withering, fading away. -mannligr, a. beggarly; -nautr, m. fel-
fölr (acc. -van), a. pale; f. sem aska low-traveller, companion; -neyti, n. (1)
(gras, nár), pale as ashes (grass, a corpse). company; (2) retinue; -piltr, m. vagrant
folskatr, a. covered with fölski. lad, beggar.
fölski, m. while ashes. föstu-dagr, m. (1) fast-day; (2) friday
fönn (gen. fannar; pl. fannir), f. (1) (= frjádagr); -dagrinn langi, Good Friday;
snow (hvítr sem f. nýfallin); (2) snow- -inngangr, m. beginning of Lent,
wreath. Shrove-tide; -kveld, n. Friday evening;
för (gen. farar; pl. farar and farir), f. (1) -tíð, f., -tími, m. fast-time.
journey; vera í f. með e-m, to be in compa- föxóttr, a. having a mane different in
ny with one; vera í förum, to be on trading colour from the body (f. hestr).

191
gabb gagn-vart

G
gagn-auðigr, a. very productive (of
land); well stored (bú gagnauðigt).
gagn-dagar, see ‘gangdagar’.
gagn-dyrt, a. n. with doors opposite
one another.
gagn-fœriligr, -fœrr, a. penetrable,
penetrating.
gagn-gört, a. n., only in the phrase, á
gabb, n. mocking, mockery. -gört, straight.
gabba (að), v. to mock, make game of gagn-hollr, a. mutually kind.
one (g. e-n). gagn-hræddr, a. much frightened.
gadda (að), v. to gore, spike. gagn-kvoð, f. counter-summons.
gadda-kylfa, f. club with spikes. gagn-lauss, a. useless, of no use (hann
gaddan, n. a kind of headgear (rare). var g. flestum mönnum).
gadd-hjalt, n. a sword-guard ending in gagn-leið, gagn-leiði, n. short cut.
sharp points. gagn-mæli, n. gainsaying.
gaddr (-s, -ar), m. (1) goad, spike; fig., gagn-orðr, a. speaking to the point,
var mjök í gadda slegit, at, it was all but hitting the mark.
settled that; (2) hard snow. gagn-samligr, a. useful, profitable;
gafl, m. gable, gable-end. -samr, a. beneficent, kind, hospitable (-
gaflak, n. ‘gavelock’, javelin, dart. samr við menn); -semd, f. hospitality,
gafl-hlað, n. gable-end (= gafl-veggr). readiness to help.
gaflok, n. = gaflak. gagn-sénn, pp. = -sær.
gafl-stokkr, m. gable-beam; -veggr, gagn-skorinn, pp. (1) cut through; (2)
m. gable-wall = -hlað. carved all over.
gagarr, m. dog (rare). gagns-maðr, m. useful (beneficent)
gag-háls, a. with the neck thrown back man; -munir, m. pl. useful things; veita
(hirtir gaghálsir). e-m -muni, to help one.
gagl, n. small goose, gosling; bird; gagn-staða, f. resistance; -staðligr,
-bjartr, a. bright as a goose; -viðr, m. a. contrary, opposed to (e-u).
‘bird-wood’. gagn-stigr, m. short cut.
gagn, n. (1) advantage, use; verða e-m gagn-stœðligr, a. = -staðligr.
at gagni, to be of use to one; er eigi mun gagnstöðu-flokkr, m. adverse party;
vera g. í, that will be of no use; (2) produce, -maðr, m. adversary, opponent.
revenue, esp. of land; (3) domestic utensils; gagn-sær, a. transparent (glerit er
(4) luggage; (5) victory; hafa (fá) g., to gagn-sætt).
have (gain) the victory; (6) pl. gögn, gagn-sök, f. counter-action, counter-
proofs, evidence. charge.
gagna (að), v. to be of use to one (gagna gagn-tak, n. saddle-strap.
e-m) or for something; refl., gagnast, to gagn-vart, prep. with dat. and adv.,
avail, be of use. over against (sitja -vart e-m).

192
gagn-vegr G ganga
gagn-vegr, m. short cut, = -leið. -œrr, a. in dotage.
gagn-vert, prep. with dat. and adv., gaman (dat. gamni), n. game, sport,
over against, opposite (to). pleasure, amusement; mér þykkir g. at e-
gagn-vænligr, a. profitable. u, I am amused by it; henda (sér) g. at
gala (gel; gól, gólum; galinn), v. e-u, to make game of; jötni at gamni, to
(1) to crow (of a cock), cry, scream; (2) to the deight of the giant; taka undir í gamni,
sing, chant; g. galdra yfir e-m, to chant to respond in jest; hafa. e-t til gamans, to
magic songs over one; afl gól hann Ásum, amuse oneself with.
he chanted strength into the Æsir. gaman-leikr, m. game, amusement;
gal, n. screaming, howling. -mál, n. merry talk, joking; -rúnar, f. pl.
galdr (gen. -rs, pl. -rar), m. (1) magic joyful conversation; -rœða, f. = gaman-
song, charm (gala, kveða galdra yfir e-m); mál; -samligr, a. amusing; -samr, a.
(2) pl. witchcraft, sorcery (galdrar ok merry, jocose.
görningar). gamans-ferð, f. pleasure trip; -fundr,
galdra-bók, n. book of magic; -fullr, m. merry-making.
a. full of sorcery; -hríð, f. magic storm; gaman-vísa, f. a humorous verse;
-kind, f. foul witch; -kona, f. witch, sor- -yrði, n. pl. jesting talk.
ceress; -list, f. magic art; -læti, n. pl. gamban-reiði, f. great wrath; -sumbl,
magical mummeries; -maðr, m. wizard; n. great banquet; -teinn, m. a kind of
-raumr, m. great sorcerer; -smiðr, m. magic staff.
sorcerer. gambr (gen. -rs), m. a kind of bird.
galdr-ligr, a. magical. gambra (að), v. to brag, bluster.
galeið (pl. galeiðr and galeiðir), f. gamlaðr, pp. stricken in years.
galley. gammi, m. hut of a Finn.
galinn, pp. (1) enchanted; (2) mad, gammr (-s, -ar), m. vulture.
frantic (fóru galnir sem hundar). gamna (að), v. to divert, amuse (g. e-m
gall, n. gall, bile; sour drink. með sögum).
galla-lauss, a. faultless. gan, n. frenzy, frantic gestures.
gall-beiskr, a. bitter as gall; gana (-da), v. (1) to gape, show a fissure;
-blandinn, pp. mixed with gall. g. á e-t, to gape for or after (g. á rán); (2)
gall-harðr, a. hard as stone. to rush (g. at e-m); (3) to gaze, stare.
galli, m. defect, fault, flaw. gandr (-s, -ar), m. magic staff; renna
galti, m. boar, hog (= göltr). göndum, to ride a witch-ride.
gamall (gömul, gamalt), a. (1) old; á gand-reið, f. witch-ride. G
gamals aldri, in his old age; opt er gott þat ganga (geng; gekk, gengum;
er gamlir kveða, old men’s sayings are of- genginn), v. (1) to walk (reið jarl, en
ten good; (2) old, aged, of a certain age; Karkr gekk); (2) to go; g. heim, to go
hve g. maðr ertu, how old art thou? tólf home; g. braut, to go away; g. til hvílu, to
vetra (gen.) g., twelve years old. go to bed; g. á skip, to go on board; g. af
gamal-ligr, a. elderly; -menni, n. old skipi, to go ashore; with infin., g. sofa or
man; -órar, m. pl. dotage from old age; at sofa, to go to sleep; g. at eiga konu, to

193
ganga G ganga
marry a woman; (3) to go about grazing, to now he has some hay left; g. af sér, to go
graze (kálfrinn gekk í túni um sumarit); to extremities, to go beyond oneself (mjök
(4) of a ship, to run, sail (gekk skipit brátt ganga þeir fóstbrœðr nú af sé); g. aptr,
út á haf); (5) to stretch out, extend, project to revert (return) to the former proprietor
(nes mikit gekk í sæ út); (6) of report, (síðan gengu þau lönd aptr undir Árna);
tales, to be current (litlar sögur megu g. af to be void, annulled (þá skal kaup aptr g.);
hesti mínum); (7) to prevail; gekk þaðan of a ghost, to walk again; of a door, to
af í Englandi Valska, thereafter the French close, shut (gekk eigi aptr hurðin); g. at
tongue prevailed in E.; (8) of money, to be e-m, to attack one; g. at e-u, to agree to,
current (peningar þeir, sem nú ganga); of accept a choice or offer (Flosi gekk fljótt
laws, to be valid (þau lög, er gengu á Upp- at þessu öllu); to fit (skaltu fá mér lukla
salaþingi); of sickness, plague, famine, to þá, sem ganga at kistum yðrum); g. á e-
rage (þá gekk land-farsótt, drepsótt, hal- t, to encroach upon (g. á ríki e-s); to break
læri); (9) to go on, last (gnustu þá saman (g. á orð sín, eiða, grið, sættir, trygðir);
vápnin, ok gekk þat um hríð); impers., to pierce, penetrate; hann var í panzara,
gekk því lengi, so it went on for a long er ekki gekk á, that was proof against any
while; (10) láta g. e-t, to let go on; láta weapons; g. á vald e-s or e-m, g. á hönd
höggin g., to rain blows; Birkibeinar létu (hendr) e-m, to submit to, give oneself up
g. lúðrana, blew the trumpets vigorously; to, surrender to one; g. á bak e-u, to con-
(11) to succeed; ef þat gengr eigi, if that travene; g. eptir e-u, to go for, go to fetch
will not do; impers., svá þykt, at þeim (göngum heim eptir verðinu); to pursue,
gekk þar eigi at fara, so close, that they claim; g. eptir, to prove true, be fulfilled
could not go on there; þeim gekk ekki fyrir (þetta gekk allt eptir, sem M. sagði fyrir);
nesit, they could not clear the ness; (12) to g. frá e-u, to part with, lose (sumir munu
turn out, go in a specified way; g. andæris, g. frá öllu fénu); g. fram, to step forward;
to go all wrong; mart gengr verr en varir, g. fram vel, to go forward bravely, in a bat-
many a thing goes worse than is looked for; tle; to come to pass, come into execution
gekk þeim lítt atsókinn, they made lit- (skal þess bíða, er þetta gengr fram); to
tle progress with the attack; impers., e-m increase (fé Hall gerðar gekk fram ok
gengr vel (illa), one fares (goes on, gets gørðist allmikit); to depart this life (H.
on) well (badly); (13) with acc., g. e-n á bóndi gengr fram til frænda sinna); g.
bak, to force one to go backwards (harm fyrir e-n, to present oneself before one (g.
gengr bjöninn á bak); (14) with dat., to fyrir konung); g. fyrir e-u, to take charge
discharge (gekk bann þá blóði); (15) with of, manage (var þar mart fólk, en hús-
preps. and adverbs; g. af e-u, to depart bóndi gekk svá fyrir, at ekkert skorti); to
from, leave (þá gekk af honum móðrinn); yield to, be swayed by (hann gekk þá fyrir
g. af vitinu, to go out of one’s wits; g. af fortölum hennar); g. í gegn e-m, to set
trú sinni, to apostatize; to pass (síðan gen- oneself against one; g. í gegn e-u, to con-
gu af páskarnir); to go off (gekk þegar af fess, acknowledge; maðr gengr í gegn, at
höfuðit); to be left as surplus (þat er af á braut kveðst tekit hafa, the man con-
skuldinni gekk); nú gengr honum hey af, fessed and said that he had taken it away;

194
ganga G gangr
g. í mál, to undertake a case; g. með e- e-t, to avow; g. yfir e-t, to go beyond, dis-
m (of a woman), to marry; g. með barni, regard (hann vildi eigi g. yfir þat, er hann
to be with child; g. með burði (of ani- vissi réttast); g. yfir e-n, to overcome, to
mals), to be with young; g. með e-u, to as- befall, happen to one; slíkt sem yfir hefir
sist in, plead (g. með máli, bónorði); g. gengit, all that has happened; eitt skal yfir
milli (á m., í m.), to go between, inter- okkr g., we shall share one fate; (16) refl.,
cede; g. móti (á m., í m.) e-m, to go to gangast, to be altered, to change, of tra-
meet one; g. móti e-u, to resist, oppose; dition (g. í munni); láta e-t g., to waive,
to confess, = g. í gegn, g. við e-u; g. nær give up; e-m gengst hugr við, is moved to
e-m, to be troublesome to one (þótti hón compassion by something (þá gekst Þorg-
œrit nær g. Þórgerði); g. e-m nær, to ap- erdi hugr við harmatölur hans); gangast
proach, come near to one (sá hefir á brott at, to engage in a fight (þeir gengust at
komizt, er næst gekk Gunnari um alla lengi); g. á, to be set off against one anoth-
hluti); g. saman, to marry; of an agree- er (á gengust vígin húskarlanna); to dash
ment, bargain, to be brought about; saman against one another; á gengust eiðar, the
gekk kaupit með þeim, they came to a bar- oaths were broken; g. nær, to come to close
gain; g. sundr (í s.), to go asunder, part; g. quarters; g. við, to gain strength: áðr en
til, to go up to a thing (gangit til ok hyg- við gengist hans bæn, before his prayer
git at); of the wind, to veer (veðrit gekk should be fulfilled; E. hafði mikit við gen-
til útsuðrs); e-m gengr e-t til e-s, one has gizt um menntir, E. had much improved
some reason for doing a thing; en þat gekk himself in good breeding.
mér til þess (that was my reason), at ek ganga, f. (1) walking (hann mœddist í
ann þér eigi; hversu hefir ykkr til gengit, göngu); vera í göngu, to be on foot, to
how have you fared? Loka gekk lítt til, it walk; (2) course (g. tungls, vinds).
fared ill with L.; g. um e-t, to go about a gangandi, m. wayfarer.
thing; g. um beina, to wait upon guests; g. gangdaga-vika, f. Rogation week;
um sættir, to go between, as peacemaker; -þing, n. an assembly held during Roga-
g. um e-n, to befall, happen to one (þess, tion week.
er um margan gengr guma); of the wind, gang-dagar, m. pl. Rogation days,
to go round, veer (gekk um veðrit ok styr- ‘Gang days’; -fœri, n. the condition of
mdi at þeim); to manage (fékk hón svá the roads; illt (gott) gangfœri, bad (good)
um gengit, at); g. undan, to escape to ab- walking; -prúðr, a. with stately gait.
sent oneself; g. undir e-t, to take upon one- gangr (gen. gangs), m. (1) walking
self, undertake (a duty); g. undir e-n, to (vera á gangi); motion, activity of any kind G
subject oneself to; g. upp, to be wasted (of (þá var hvert járn á gangi); (2) pace, pac-
money); to get loose, to he torn loose (þeir ing (temja hesta við gang ok hlaup); (3)
glímdu svá at upp gengu stokkar allir á course (g. himintungla); (4) prevailing,
húsinu); of a storm, gale, to get up, rise being in vogue; hafa mikinn gang, to be
(veðr gekk upp); of an ice-bound river, much in vogue; heldr er vaxandi g. at
áin var gengin upp, swollen with ice; g. þeim, they (viz. the dreams) were rather on
við staf, to walk with a stick; g. við e-u or the increase; svá mikill g. var orðinn at el-

195
gang-rúm G gá
dinum, the fire had got to such a height. (hon var væn kona ok garpr mikill í
gang-rúm, n. passage-room; -silfr, n. skapi).
current money; -stigr, m. footpath; garp-skapr, m. bravery.
-tamr, a. well-trained in pacing (of a gassi, m. (1) gander; (2) rash fellow.
horse). gat, n. hole, opening.
gap, n. (1) gap, empty space; (2) shout- gata (gen. pl. gatna), f. path, way,
ing, crying (háreysti ok g.). road; vera á götu e-s, to be in one’s way;
gapa (-ta, -at), v. to gape, open the sitja á götu e-s, to lie in wait for (= sitja
mouth wide. fyrir e-m); alla götu, always, throughout.
gaps-maðr, m. gaping fool, gaby. gatna-mót, n. junction of roads.
garðar, m. pl. Russia; garða-ríki, gauk-mánaðir, m. ‘cuckoo-month’ (the
-veldi, n. the Russian empire. first summer month).
garð-hlið, n. gate; -hús, n. privy; gaukr (-s, -ar), m. cuckoo.
-hverfa, f. an enclosed plot; -lag, n. the gaul, n. lowing; bellowing; gaula (að),
building of a fence or wall. v. to low, bellow.
garðr (-s, -ar), m. (1) fence, wall; (2) gaum-gæfa (-ða, -t), v. to heed;
enclosed space, yard (cf. aldin-garðr, gras- -gieft, f. attention, care.
garðr, kirkjugarðr); (3) court-yard, court gaumr, m. heed, attention; gefa gaum at
(þeir gánga út í garðinn ok berjast); riða e-u, to pay attention to.
í garð, to arrive; riða (fara) ór garði, to gaupa, f. the lynx.
depart; fig., helmingr skal falla í minn gaupna-sýn, f. looking into one’s palms;
garð, the half shall fall into my share; skal covering one’s face with the hands (cf. ‘sjá í
aukast þriðjungi í þínum garði, in thy gaupnir’).
keeping; hyggjum vér, at í yðvarn garð gaupnir, f. pl. (1) the two hands placed
hafi runnit, into your hands, your posses- together so as to form a bowl; sjá, horfa,
sion; gøra e-n af garði, to equip one (as líta, lúta í g. sér, to cover one’s face with
a son, a friend, when departing from the hands (as a token of sorrow, or in
home); líðr vetr ór garði, the winter passes prayer); (2) double handful (g. silfrs).
by; (4) house, dwelling; (5) stronghold, gaura-gangr, m. disorderly conduct.
castle (cf. Ás-garðr, Út-garðar). gaurr, m. rough fellow.
garð-konungr, m. the Greek emperor gauta (að), v. to prate, brag.
(in ‘Miklagarðr’). gautan, f. prating.
garð-staurr, m. fence-stake. gautar, m. pl. a Scandinavian people in
garmr, m. dog. southern Sweden.
garn, n. (1) yarn (spinna garn af rokki); gaut-elfr, f. the river Gotha.
(2) warp-thread, warp, opp. to ‘vipta’, gaut-land, n. the land of the Gautar.
weft, woof. gauzkr, a. from Gautland.
garp-ligr, a. martial; -menni, n. mar- gá (gái, gáða, gát), v. to heed, with in-
tial man. fin. (gá at gøra e-t) or gen.; guðs hann
garpr (-s, -ar), m. a bold, dauntless gáði, he gave heed to God; gá sín, to take
man (g. mikill); also applied to a woman care of oneself; gá til e-s, to mark; glýja þú

196
gá G gefa
né gáðir, thou hadst no mind for joy. fickleness of mind, inconstancy.
gá, f. barking (in ‘goðgá’, blasphemy; geðs-ligr, a. engaging, pleasing.
‘hundgá’). geð-speki, f. wisdom; -svinnir, a.
gala-samligr, a. waggish; -skapr, m. wise, clever.
waggery. gefa (gef; gaf, gáfum; gefinn), v.
gá-lausligr, a. heedless, wanton; (1) to give (g. e-m e-t); hann gaf þeim
-lauss, a. wanton, careless; -leysi, n. góðar gjafar, he gave them good gifts; g. e-
heedlessness. m ráð, to give one advice; g. hljóð, to give
gálga-tré, n. gallows-tree. a hearing; g. e-m sök, e-t at sök, to lay
gálgi, m. gallows (reisa gálga). to one’s charge, to bring a charge against
gá-ligr, a. mindful of (e-s). one; g. slög, to deal blows; g. e-m drekka,
gár, n. buffoonery, mocking. to give one to drink; impers., e-m gefr byr
gár-fenginn, a. given to buffoonery. (byri), one gets a fair wind (gaf þeim byr
gárungr (-s, -ar), m. buffoon. ok sigla þeir í haf); absol., gaf þeim vel,
gás (gen. gásar; pl. gæss), f. goose they got a fair wind; ef fœri gefr á, if you
(galt hann gagl fyrir gás). get a chance; ef yðr (dat.) gefr eigi mis-
gá-samr, a. heedful, attentive; -semi, f. sýi í þessu máli, if you are not mistaken
attention. in this matter; þat gaf öllum vel skilja, it
gás-veiðr, f. goose-catching. was clear for all to understand; (2) to give,
gáta, f. riddle; geta (ráða) gátu, to read grant; g. heimleyfi, to grant furlough; g. e-
a riddle. m grið, to grant quarter or pardon to one;
gátt (pl. -ir), f. (1) the rabbet of a door- g. e-m líf, to grant one his life; (3) to give
sill or doorpost; var hnigin hurð á gátt, the in matrimony (ek var ung gefin Njáli); (4)
door was shut; (2) pl. doorway; innan gát- to give fodder to cattle, to feed (g. göltum,
ta, indoors. nautum, kúm, hestum); (5) g. staðar, to
geð, n. (1) mind, wits, senses; heimta stop; lét hann þá staðar gefa róðrinn, he
aptr g. sitt, to come to one’s senses again; stopped rowing; (6) e-m er e-t svá gefit, or
vera gætinn at geði, to be on one’s guard; svá gefit um e-t, one is so and so disposed,
vita til síns geðs, to be master of one’s thinks so and so of a thing (ef þér er þetta
wits; (2) disposition, liking; honum var vel svá gefit sem þú segir); (7) with preps.; g.
í geði til Freysteins, he was well disposed sér litit (mikit) af (or at) e-u, to take little
to Fr.; þú fellst mér vel í g., you are to my (much) notice of; g. á e-t, to pour water on;
liking; féllst hvárt öðru (féllust þau) vel í fig. to press on (gefr Ormr þá á); g. e-m til
g., they liked one another well. e-s, to give in return for a thing (g. fé til G
gedda, f. pike (fish). sátta); impers., honum hafði vel gefit til
geð-fastr, a. firm of mind; -festi, f. (had good luck) um hefndina; g. sér mik-
firmness of mind. it (lítit) um e-t, to take great (little) inter-
geðjaðr, a. to one’s mind, agreeable. est in (= g. sér mikit, lítit, af or at e-u);
geðjast (að), v. refl., e-m geðjast e-t, g. sér fátt um e-t, to take coldly, take little
one is pleased with, one likes. notice of; g. e-t upp, to give up (g. upp al-
geð-lauss, a. fickle-minded; -leysi, n. la mótstöðu); g. sik upp, to surrender; g.

197
gefandi G geiski
upp gamalmenni, to give old people up, let gegnt, (1) adv. straight; compar., geg-
them starve; g. upp leiguna, to remit the nra, gegnara, more straight; superl., geg-
rent; g. upp sakir, to remit offences; upp nst, gegnast, the shortest way; most right,
gefinn, exhausted; g. e-t við e-u, to give meetest; (2) prep. with dat. over against,
in payment for; g. sik við, to give in (þat opposite to (g. konungi).
er líkara, at ek gefa mik við); (8) refl., gegnum, í gegnum (1) prep. with acc.
gefast vel (illa), to prove good (bad); opt through (g. vegginn); (2) adv., allan dag í
hafa mér vel gefizt yður ráð, your counsels g., all the day long.
have often proved good for me; hefir þeim geifla (að), v. to mumble (g. á e-u).
þat ok aldri vel gefizt, it has never turned geiga (að), v. to take a wrong direction;
out well; gefast gjöfum, to give gifts to one eigi veit, hvar úskytja ör geigar, none can
another; g. á vald e-s, to give oneself into tell where a shaft ill-shol may stray to.
another’s power; g. upp, to give in, surren- geigan, f. wavering.
der; e-m gefst e-t yfir, one does wrong in geigr, m. (1) scathe, serious hurt; vinna,
a thing (ef göfgum mönnum gáfust stórir gera, veita e-m geig, to hurt one; (2) dan-
hlutir yfir). ger (er þat enn mesti g.).
gefandi (pl. -endr), m. giver. geigu-skot, n. deadly shot.
gefna-geð, n. conduct, behaviour. geig-vænligr, a. dangerous, fatal.
gegn and í gegn, prep. with dat., geil (pl. -ar), f. narrow glen, lane.
against (í g. vindi sem forvindis); í g. eðli, geila-garðr, m. a fence along a geil.
against nature. gei-ligr, a. fine, beautiful (rare).
gegn, a. (1) honest (sannorðr ok g.); (2) geip, n. idle talk, nonsense.
fit (fór Ó. þar á land, sem honum þótti geipa (að), v. to talk nonsense.
gegnast); (3) direct, straight (hinn gegns- geipan, f. brag, nonsense.
ta veg). geir-fálki, m. gerfalcon; -fugl, m.
gegna (-da, -t), v. (1) to go against, gare-fowl, the great awk.
meet (g. e-m); (2) to suit one, be meet for geiri, m. gore, triangular strip.
one; velit þat er yðr gegnir, choose what geir-laukr, m. garlic.
best suits you; (3) to signify, mean, mat- geir-mímir, m. poet. warrior.
ter; spurði, hverju gegndi úgleði sú, er geir-nagli, m. the nail fastening a
hann hafði, asked what his sadness meant; spear’s head to the shaft.
sumir mæltu í móti ok kváðu øngu g., geir-njörðr, m. poet. warrior.
some denied it, and said it was of no use; geirr (-s, -ar), m. (1) spear; (2) the
meira en hófi gegnir, more than is due, point of an anvil (nefsteði).
above measure; g. tíðendum, to be of im- geir-varta, f. nipple (of a man).
portance; (4) to amount to; svá at mörgum geis, f. impetuosity; geisa (að), v. to
hundruðum gegndi, so that it amounted to rage, be furious; þeirra ofsi geisar hátt,
many hundreds. their insolence runs high.
gegni-liga, adv. duly, properly. geisan, f. impetuosity (= geis).
gegning, f. suitableness; á þessu er engi geiska-fullr, a. frightened.
g., this will not do. geiski, m. panic, fear.

198
geisl G geta
geisl, m. (1) snow-skater’s staff; (2) ray, on (vegr vel g.); (3) eiga heiman gengt, to
beam; geisla (að), v. to shed rays, to have time and opportunity to leave home.
beam; geisli, m. = geisl. genta, f. girl, lass.
geispa (að), v. to yawn, gape. gera, v. see gøra; gerð, see gørð.
geispi, m. yawn. gerð, f. yeast, ferment.
geit (gen. -ar; pl. geitr), f. a she-goat gerð (pl. -ar), f. gear, harness; pl. ar-
(ragr sem geit). mour (gerðar várar).
geita-fœtir, m. pl. goats’ feet, feet like gerða (-ða, -ðr), v. to fence in.
those of a goat; -hirðir, m. goat-herd; gerði, n. a fenced field.
-hús, n. goat-house. gerðing, f. fencing, hedging.
geitar-horn, n. goat’s horn; -hugr, geri, m. ‘ravener’, wolf (poet.).
m. cowardice; -hús, n. goat-house; gerla, adv. see görla.
-skegg, n. goat beard. gerning, gerningr, see gørn-.
geita-sveinn, m. goat-herd. gerpi-ligr, a. martial (= garpligr).
geit-bjálfi, m. goat-skin coat or hairy gerr, a. see görr; adv. see gørr.
jacket; -heðinn, m. goat-skin coat or ger-samliga, -semi, -simi, -simligr,
hairy jacket; -skinn, n. goat-skin; -sta- see gör-, gør-.
ka, f. = -skinn. gersta (-sta, -str), v. to annoy, tease
geitungr, m. wasp. (g. hug e-s); gerstr, pp. (1) wearisome,
gelda (-da, -dr), v. to geld, castrate. dismal; gerstan dag, the long weary day;
geld-fé, n. barren sheep. (2) sulky; hann leit g. við mér, he looked
geldjfár-höfn, f. pasture for geldfé. sulkily on me.
gelding, f. gelding, castration. gerva, gervallr, gervi, see görva,
geldingr (-s, -ar), m. (1) wether; (2) görvallr, gørvi.
eunuch. gerzkr, a. from Garðaríki.
geld-neyti, n. barren cattle. gesta-bekkr, m. guests’ bench; -boð,
geldr, a. yielding no milk, dry. n. banquet; -hús, n. guest-room;
gella (-da), v. to yell, roar, bellow (sem -höfðingi, m. chef of the guests; -skáli,
griðungr gelldi). m. guest-hall.
gemlingr (-s, -ar), m. a year-old sheep gest-gjafi, m. host (góðr -gjafi).
(at rýja gemlinga). gestr (-s, -ir), m. (1) guest; (2) a royal
gems, n. gibe, scoff. retainer of inferior rank.
gemea (að), v. to gibe, scoff. gest-risinn, a. hospitable; -risni, f.
gems-fullr, a. full of gibes. hospitality. G
gems-mikill, a. full of gibes. get, n. guess (rare).
gengi, n. (1) luck, success; án er ills geta (get; gat, gátum; getinn), v.
gengis nema heiman hafi, ill luck is home- I. with acc. (1) to get; g. orðstír, to get
bred; (2) help, support; afla sér gengis, to fame; g. sér e-t, to get for oneself (góðs
gather troops. um œðis ef sér g. mætti); g. gott af e-
genginn, pp. gone, dead. m, to get good of one; with dat. of the
gengr, a. (1) able to walk; (2) fit to walk person, g. váluðum vel, to be kind to the

199
geta G gildi
poor; g. e-m illa, to do harm to one; im- taining to guessing; -speki, f. gift of
pers., getr e-t, there is (got); eigi getr prophecy; getu-mál, n. doubtful case.
slíkan (there is none such) í konungs her- geyja (gey, gó), v. (1) to bark (at e-m);
bergjum; (2) with pp. of another verb, (2) to scoff at (vil ek eigi goð g.); g. á e-n,
g. veiddan fisk, to be able to catch fish; to abuse.
ek get eigi fylgt yðr, I cannot follow you; geyma (-da, -dr), v. (1) to heed, mind,
(3) almost like an auxil. verb with infin.; watch (geym þess, at enginn komist í
ek Gunnari gat at unna, I loved G.; g. at braut); hann hafði geymt hlutverka sin-
lita, sjá (to get) to see; without ‘at’, er slíkt na, he had minded his work; g. sin, to take
getr fœða jóð, that shall rear such a child; care of oneself; g. at e-u, til e-s = g. e-s; (2)
(4) to learn (lengi man þat er ungr getr); to watch, keep, with acc. (g. bœinn, heil-
(5) to beget, engender (fótr gat son við ræðit).
fœti); geta börn, to beget children (said of geymari, m. keeper.
both parents); (6) refl., getast at e-u, to geymdir, f. pl. heed, attention; gefa g.
like; því at mér gezt vel at þér, because I at e-u, to give heed to.
like thee well; láta sér getit at e-u, to be geymiliga, adv. = gætiliga.
pleased with; eigi læt ek mér at einu getit, geyminn, a. heedful (g. e-s, at e-u).
I am not pleased to have always the same, geymsla, f. keeping, care.
I want some change; II. with gen. (1) to geymalu-lauss, a. unguarded.
guess; g. gatu, to guess a riddle; g. rétt, geyra, geyrr, = gøra, görr.
to guess right; g. e-s til, to guess, suppose; geysa (-ta, -tr), v. to send out with vi-
g. í hug e-m, to guess one’s thoughts; (2) olence (hann lætr g. eld ok járn); usual-
to speak of, mention, in speech or writing ly refl. to dash or rush furiously (þá gey-
(þess er getit, sem gört er); geta um e- sist hafit á löndin; múgrinn geystist inn
t, to speak about (hann gat ekki um þetta á skipin).
fyrir sínum mönnum); þess er við getit, geysi-, very, exceedingly; g. mikill, very
at, it is told that. great; g. margir, very many, g. illa, very
geta, f. guess, conjecture (er þat g. mín, badly.
at); spá er spaks g., a wiseman’s guess is a geysi-liga, adv. enormously; -ligr, a.
prophecy; ætla ek eigi þat til getu, at hann enormous.
sé þar, it is not likely that he is there; leiða geysingr, m. impetuosity.
getum um e-t, to make a guess at. geystr, pp. (1) rushing hastily; (2) en-
getara, f. birth-giver, mother. raged (vóru bœndr mjök geystir á hendr
getari, m. begetter, father. honum).
get-gangr, m. guessimg. -gi (or -ki after t or s), a suffix used esp.
getnaðr (gen. -ar), m. (1) conception; with negative, but also with positive and
(2) fœtus; vera með getnaði, to be with a indefinite force.
child; (3) liking. gil (gen. pl. gilja), n. ravine, gully.
get-sakir, f. pl. imputations (without gilda-skáli, m. guild-hall.
evidence); sœkja -sakir, to prosecute one gildi, n. (1) payment, tribute (rare); (2)
upon loose imputations; -samligr, a. per- recompense, return; æ sér til gildis gjöf

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gildis-brœðr G gísl
(see gjald 4); (3) repute, esteem (þegar þér gipting, f. marriage (of a woman).
komist í g. við höfðingja); (4) feast ban- giptu-drjúgr, a. lucky; -fátt, a. n.
quet (þá gengu Æsir at g. sínu); (5) guild, luckless (e-m verðr giptu-fátt); -liga,
brotherhood. adv. luckily; -ligr, a. lucky, auspicious;
gildis-brœðr, m. pl. guild-brothers; -maðr, m. lucky man; -munr, m. differ-
-fundr, m. guild-meeting; -skáli, m. ence in good luck; -ráð, n. good, auspi-
guild-hall; -tíð, f. guild-term. cious match; -samliga, adv. auspiciously;
gild-leiki, m. perfectness. -samligr, a. = -ligr; -skortr, m. want of
gild-liga, adv. properly. luck, bad luck; -tómr, a. luckless; -væn-
gildr (gild, gilt), a. (1) valued at (g. ligr, a. promissing good luck, auspicious.
tveim mörkum); (2) of full value; worth, girða (-ða, -ðr), v. to fence, = gerða.
great (g. konungr, höfðingi); með gildum girkir, m. pl. the Greeks.
sóma, with great fame; Hallfreðr var þá girna (-di, -t), v. impers., mik girnir,
sem gildastr, H. was then at his best. I desire; refl., girnast e-t, á e-t, til e-s, to
gildra, f. trap. desire something.
gildra (að), v. to trap, set a trap. girnd (pl. -ir), f. desire; lust.
gilja (áð), v. to beguile (a woman). girndar-bruni, -eldr, -hiti, m. fire
gils-þrömr, m. edge of a gully. of lust, ardent lust; -ráð, n. (foolish) love
gim-steinn, m. gem, jewel. match.
gin, n. mouth (of a beast). girni-ligr, a. desirable, pleasant.
gin-kefli, n. gag. girska, f. the Greek language.
ginna (-ta, -tr), v. (1) to dupe, fool girskr, a. (1) Greek; (2) = gerzkr.
one; g. e-n at sér, to fall out with one; (2) gista (-sta, -st), v. to pass the night (g.
to decoy, entice (g. e-n til e-s, heiman af at e-s, at or á e-m stað); g. e-n, to spend a
bœnum). night with one.
gin-heilagr, a. most holy. gisting, f. night-lodgings, accommoda-
ginning (pl. -ar), f. deception, befool- tion for the night (beiðast gistingar; þiggja
ing (Gylfa-ginning). gisting).
ginningar-fífl, n. one who runs a gistingar-ból, n., -staðr, m. night-
fool’s errand (vera ginningar-fífl e-s). quarters.
ginn-regin, n. pl. the great gods. gizki, m. a kind of kerchief (?).
ginnunga-gap, n. the great void, gífr, n. witch, hag; -liga, adv. savagely
primeval chaos; -himinn, m. the heaven (láta -liga).
over ginnunga-gap. gífr, a. poet. bloodthirsty, savage. G
ginnungr, m. juggler, lister. gígja, f. fiddle; gígjari, m. fiddler.
gipt, f. (1) gift (jarðligar giptir); (2) gína (gin; gein, ginum; ginit), v. to
good luck (= gipta). gape, yawn (gínandi ú fr); g. yfir e-t, to
gipta, f. good luck. take into one’s mouth; g. við agni, to gape
gipta (-pta, -ptr), v. to give away in in order to take the bait.
marriage (g. e-m e-a); refl. giptast, to gísl (pl. -ar), m. (1) hostage; (2) bailiff
marry. (g. keisarans); warder.

201
gísla G gjöfull
gísla (að), v. (1) to give as hostage; (2) gjalla (gell; gall, gullum; gol-
to take as hostage. lit), v. to scream, shriek (ernir gjalla
gíslar, f. pl. (1) sureties, securities; (2) hátt); strengr gellr, the bow-string twangs;
securily, guard (setja g. fyrir). impers. to resound, echo (kvað Þorsteinn
gísling, f. (1) hostage (taka e-n í g.); (2) svá hátt, at gall í múrnum).
pl. guard (setja gíslingar fyrir e-n). gjallar-horn, n. (1) the horn (trumpet)
gjafa-laust, adv. (disinissed) without of Heimdal; (2) the drinking horn used by
gifts; -leysi, n. lack of gifts. Mimir.
gjafari, m. giver. gjallr, a. ringng, resounding; gjalti,
gjafa-skipti, n., -víxl, n. exchange of only in the phrase, verða at gjalti, to turn
gifts. mad with terror.
gjaf-erfð, f. bequest; -falr, a. to be gjarn, a. (1) eager for, desirous of (g. á
had for a trifle; -laust, adv. without gift; e-t, í e-t, til e-s); (2) g. e-m, willing to fol-
-lendingar, m. pl. feudatories; -lyndi, low one.
n. open-handedness; -mildr, a. open- gjarna, adv. willingly.
handed; -orð, n. match (of a woman to gjarn-liga, adv. willingly.
be married); -vaxta, a. marriageable (of a gjarn-samliga, adv. willingly.
maid); -vinr, m. open-handed friend. gjá (gen. gjár; pl. gjár, gen. gjá, dat.
gjald, n. (1) tribute (hann lagði g. á gjám), f. rift, cleft, chasm.
borgina); (2) payment; þá héldu bœndr gjálfr, n. din of the sea; gjálfr-dyr,
galdinu, they kept back the payment; (3) n. ship (poet.); -samr, a. roaring (of the
retribution, esp. pl.; ella mun þér g. at sea).
verða, thou shalt pay dear for it; (4) re- gjár-bakki, m. brink of a rift; -barmr,
ward, return, compensation; æ sér gjöf til m. edge of a rift; -munni, m. mouth of a
gjalda, gift looks for gift. rift.
gjalda (geld; galt, guldum; gjó, f. sensuality; -lífi, n. sensual life;
goldinn), v. (1) to repay, return; g. gjöf -maðr, m. a sensual person.
við gjöf, to pay back gift for gift; g. aptr, gjósa (gýs; gaus, gusum; gosinn), v.
to restore, pay back; (2) fig. to give, yield; to gush, burst out (þar gaus upp stundum,
g. skynsemi við e-u, to give reason for; g. eldr; blóðit gaus ór sárinu).
samkvæði at e-u, to consent to; g. varúð, gjós-æðr, f. ‘gush-vein’, artery.
varhuga við e-u, to be on one’s guard gjóta (gýt; gaut, gutum; gotinn),
against; g. e-m fjándskap, to show ill-will v. (1) g. hrognum, to spawn; (2) g. augum,
towards one; (3) with gen. to pay for, suffer sjonum, to cast a look.
on account of (þar munuð þit min g.); g. gjöf (gen. gjafar, pl. gjafar and
e-s at = g. e-s; geldr at nýbreytni (gen.) gjafir), f. gift; skipta gjöfum við e-n,
konungs, it is a punishment for the king’s to exchange gifts with one; leiða e-n út (í
innovations. brott) með gjöfum, leysa e-n á brott með
gjald-dagi, m. pay-day; -fang, n. pay- gjöfum, to dismiss one with gifts (at the
ment, equivalent; -gengr, a. taken in pay- end of a visit).
ment; -keri, -kyri, m. the king’s steward. gjöfull (acc. gjöflan), a. munificent,

202
gjögr G glettings-bára
liberal (g. at gulli). andvana, cheerless.
gjögr, f. cleft, rift (gljúfr ok gjögrar). glam-sýni, f. illusion.
gjögra (að), v. to reel, stagger. gleða, f. glede, kite (bird).
gjölnar, f. pl. the whskers of the Fenris- gleði, f. gladness, merriment, joy (var
wolf. þar þá g. mikil).
gjölta (-lti), v. to bark (rare). gleði-bragð, n. joyful mien; -dagar,
gjör-, see gör-, gør-. m. pl. days of happiness; -fullr, a. joyful;
gjörð (gen. gjarðar; pl. gjarðar and -ligr, a. glad; -maðr, m. cheery man;
gjarðir), f. girdle; saddle-girth (söðul- -mót, n. = -bragð; -orð, n. pl. words of
gjörð). joy; -stundir, f. pl. merry, happy time;
gjörvallr, a. see ‘görvallr’. -vist, f. merry sojourn.
glaða (að), v. to gladden (= gleðja). gleðja (gleð, gladda, gladdr), v. to
glaðan, adv. = glaðliga. gladden, make glad; refl., gleðjast, to be
glað-látr, a. cheerful; -liga, adv. glad, rejoice.
gladly, willingly; -ligr, a. glad, cheerful; glefja, f. spear, lance (for. word).
-mæltr, a. cheerful in speech. glefsa (-ta), v. to snap at (g. í e-t).
glaðning, f. gladdening, gladness. glens, n. gibing, gibe, jest, banter.
glaðr (glöð, glatt), a. (1) glad, glad- glensa (að), v. to jest, make fun.
some, cheerful (Flosi var allra ruarma, glensan, f. gibing, jesting.
glaðastr); (2) bright, beautiful, of the sky, glens-ligr, a. bantering; -mikill, a.
weather, fire (veðr glatt, tunglit skein full of jesting or gibes; -yrði, n. pl. jesting
glatt). or gibing speech.
glað-væri, f. gladness; -værr, a. glad- glepja (glep, glapta, glaptr), v. (1)
some, cheerful. to confuse one (in reading, speaking); (2)
glam, or glamm, n. noise, din, clash. to confound (g. sókn, vörn); (3) to beguile
glama, v. to twaddle, talk idly. (g. konu).
glamra (að), v. to tinkle, jingle. gler, n. (1) glass; háll sem g., slippery
glap, n. beguilement, seduction; venja as glass; bresta í gleri, to break into shiv-
kvámur sínar til glapa (or glaps) við konu, ers; (2) looking-glass.
to aim at seducing. gler-gluggr, m. glass-window;
glapna (að), v. to grow dim (glapnaði -steinar, m. pl. glass stones, agates;
honum heyrn ok sýn). -tölur, f. pl. glass beads.
glappa-verk, n. mishap. glett, n., gletta, f. banter, raillery,
glap-ræði, n. mistake, blunder; -sti- taunting; fara (ganga, ríða) í glett við e-n, G
gr, m. a wrong path; -víg, n. accidental to provoke one.
manslaughter. glettast (tt), v. refl. to banter, rail
glata (að), v. (1) to destroy (g. e-u); (2) against one, taunt, provoke an enemy (g.
to lose; refl., glatast, to be lost. við e-n).
glatan, f. perdition. gletti-liga, adv. tauntingly.
glatuns-hundr, m. glutton (?). glettingr, m. = glett, gletta.
glaumr, m. noisy merriment; glaums glettings-bára, f. splashing wave.

203
glettinn G glœpa-fullr
glettinn, a. bantering. glópr, m. fool.
glettni, f. = glett (eiga g. við e-n). glósa (að), v. to explain by a gloss.
glettu-atsókn, f. a feint to provoke gluggaðr, pp. with windows.
the enemy to attack. glugga-þykkn, f. dense clouds with
glettunar-maðr, m.; engi glettunar- openings in them.
maðr, a man not to be trifled with. gluggr (-s, pl. -ar), m. opening (in a
gleyma (-da, -dr), v. (1) to make a mer- wall, roof, etc.), esp. window.
ry noise (glaumr); (2) with dat. to forget glumr, n. noise, rattle, clatter.
(gleymt hefi ek þessu). glumra (að), v. to rattle, clatter.
gleym-samligr, a. forgetful. glutr, n. squandering, lavishment.
gleymska, f. forgetfulness. glutra (að), v. to squander.
gleypa (-ta, -tr), v. to swallow. glutrs-maðr, m. spendthrift.
glissa (-sta), v. to grin, gabble. glutrunar-maðr, m. = glutrsmaðr;
glit, n. ‘glitter’; ofit í g., brocaded. -samr, a. lavish, extravagant.
glita, glitra (að), v. to glitter. glúpna (að), v. to becorne downcast.
glíkindi, glíking, glíkja, glíkligr, glymja (glym, glumda, glumiðr), v.
glíkr = líkindi, líking, etc. to dash noisily, splash (unnirglymja), clat-
glíma (-da, -t), v. to wrestle. ter (glumdu jöklar), rattle.
glíma, f. wrestling. glymr, m. clatter, clash, ringing.
glíminn, a. expert as a wrestler. glyrnur, f. pl. cat’s eyes.
glímu-brögð, n. pl. wrestling-tricks; glys, n. finery (kaupa glys).
-félagi, m. wrestling-mate; -fœrr, a. glys-gjarn, a. fond of finery; -ligr, a.
able-bodied as a wrestler; -mannliga, showy, specious; -mál, n. pl. specious
adv. like a good wrestler. words.
gljá (-ða, -ð), v. to glisten, shine. glý, n. joy; glýja (gen. pl.) né gáðir, thou
gljúfr, n. pl. rocky (sides of a) ravine. hadst no mind for joy.
gljúfróttr, a. rocky. glýjaðr, pp. gleeful (vel g.).
glott, n. grin, sneer, scornful smile; glý-stamr, a. joyless.
draga g. at e-u, to sneer at. glæa (-dda), v. to glow, glisten.
glotta (-tta, -tt), v. to grin (g. at or glær (gen. glæs), m. sea; kasta á glæ,
við e-u); g. við tönn, to smile scornfully to throw into the sea, squander; hlaupa á
and show the teeth. glæ, to run in vain.
glóa (að, or -óða, -ót), v. (1) to shine, glæ-ræði, n. = glapræði.
glitter (glóar nökkut í götunni); (2) to glæsa (-ta, -tr), v. to embellish; gulli
glow with heat; glóanda járn, red-hot iron. ok silfri glæstr, adorned with gold and sil-
glóð (pl. glœðr), f. red-hot embers. ver.
glóðar-ker, n. fire-pan. glæsi-ligr, a. splendid, showy; specious
glóð-rauðr, a. red as embers. (-lig orð).
glófaðr, a. gloved; glófi, m. glove. glœpa-fullr, a. full of wickedness, un-
gló-föxóttr, a. light-maned. godly; -maðr, m. miscreant, malefactor;
glópaldi, m. fool. -mannligr, a. ruffianly; -verk, n.

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glœpi-liga G gnýr
crime. gneypa (-ta, -tr), v. to pinch.
glœpi-liga, adv. wickedly; -ligr, a. gneypr, a. (1) bent forward, drooping;
wicked; glæp-ligr, a. = glœpiligr. (2) savage, fierce.
glœpr (-s, -ir), m. misdeed, crime. gniða (að), v. to rub, scrape.
glœpska, f. misdeed, offence. gnípa, f. peak, jutting pinnacle (on a
glœp-varr, a. righteous; -yrði, n. pl. beetling mountain).
foul language. gnísta (-sta, -st), v. (1) g. tönnum, to
gløgg-dœmr, a. sagacious in one’s gnash the teeth; (2) to snarl (of dogs); (3)
judgement; -leikr, m. sagacity; -liga, gnístanda frost, biting frost.
adv. clearly, distinctly. gnístan, f. gnashing.
gløggr (acc. -van), a. (1) clear-sighted gnísting, f. gnashing.
(gløggt er gests auga); (2) clear, distinct; gnóga, adv. poet. = gnógliga.
vera gløggrar greinar, to distinguish gnóg-leikr, m. abundance; -liga, adv.
sharply; eigi er mér þat gløggt, it is not abundantly; -ligr, a. abundant.
clear to me; neut., gløggt, as adv. clearly gnógr, a. (1) abundant, plentiful,
(muna, kenna gløggt); (3) stingy, close enough (selveiðar gnógar ok fiskifang
(gløggr við gesti). mikit); at gnógu, sufficiently; ok vinnst
gløgg-rýnn, a. clever in interpreting oss þat at gnógu, it is enough for us; í
runes; -skygn, a. sharp-sighted; -sýnn, gnóg, enough (var þar vatn í gnóg); gnógu
a. sharp-witted; -sær (-sæ, -sætt), a. (1) (neut. dat.) lengi, long, enough; (2) g. um
clear-sighted; (2) manifest, clear; e-t, at e-u, richly furnished with (nú var
-þekkinn, a. quick to discern, clear-sight- hann g. orðinn um kvikfé).
ed; -þekkni, f. clear-sightedness. gnótt, f. abundance, plenty (g. fjár)
gnadd, n. grumbling, muttering. gera g. spurning (dat.) e-s, to give suffi-
gnadda (að), v. to murmur, grumble. cient answer to one’s question.
gnaga (að), v. to gnaw (hestar gnöguðu gnúa (gný, gnera, or gnøra,
beizlin). gnúinn), v. to rub (hann tók til orða ok
gnapa (-ta), v. (1) to jut or stand out; (2) gneri nefit).
to stoop or bend forward; (3) to droop the gnúfa (-ða), v. to droop (g. með
head. höfðinu).
gnata (að), v. to clash. gnúp-leitr, a. stern-looking.
gnauð, n. noise, din, rattle. gnúpr (-s, -ar), m. peak (= gnípa).
gnauða (að), v. to rattle, ring. gnyðja (gnyð, gnudda), v. to mutter,
gnegg, n. neighing. grumble (herrinn gnuddi illa); to grunt (g. G
gneggja (að), v. to neigh. mundu nú grísir).
gneista (að), v. to emit sparks. gnyðr (pl. -ir), m. murmur.
gneista-flaug, f. shower of sparks. gnýja (gný, gnúða, gnúit), v. to roar
gneisti, m. spark. (vindar gnýja); g. á, to set in (þá gnúði í
gnesta (griest; gnast, gnustum; hallæri mikit ok veðrátta köld).
gnostinn), v. to crack, clash (gnustu þá gný-mikill, a. roaring, stormy.
saman vápnin). gnýr (-s, -ir), m. clash, din.

205
gný-reið G góðvilja-fullr
gný-reið, f. roaring thunder. kindly; -gripr, m. costly thing; -gæfli-
gnæfa (-ða, -t), v. to stand up, rise ga, adv. gently; -gæt, f. good entertain-
high, tower (g. við himin). ment; -gæti, n. dainty; -gørð, f. charity;
gnœgr, a. = gnógr. -gørning, f. = góð-gørð; -gørningr,
gnöltra (að), v. to howl, bark. m. good deed, charity; -háttaðr, a. well-
gnötra (að), v. to clatter, rattle. mannered; -hjartaðr, a. kind-hearted.
goð, n. (heathen) god. góði, m. (1) good-will; (2) profit.
goða-blót, n. sacrifice to the gods; góð-látr, a. good-natured; -leikr, m.
-gremi, f. wrath of the gods; -heill, n. goodness; -lifnaðr, m., -lífi, n. good
favour of the gods; -hús, n. house of gods, life; -lyndi, n. good nature; -lyndr, a.
heathen temple; -reiði, f. = góða-gremi. good-natured; -mannliga, adv. like a
goð-borinn, pp. god-born; -dómr, m. good man; -mannligr, a. gentle; -men-
godhead; -gá, f. blasphemy. ni, n. a good, gentle man; -mennsks, f.
goði, m. heathen priest; chief (in Ice- goodness, gentleness; -mennt, a. n. good
land during the republic). people; -mótliga, adv. kindly, gently;
goð-kunnigr, a. of the kith of gods; -orðr, a. gentle in one’s words.
-málugr, a. skilled in the lore of the gods; góðr (góð, gott), a. (1) good, morally
-mögn, n. pl. divine powers, deities (g. commendable (g. ok réttlátr konungr, góð
þau er þeir blótuðu). kona); (2) good, honest (drengr g.); g. vili,
goð-orð, n. dignity and authority of a good, honest intention; (3) kind, friendly;
goði (goðorð ok manna forráð). g. e-m, kind towards one; gott gengr þér
goðorðs-lauss, a. without a goðorð; til, thou meanest well; gott var í frændse-
-maðr, m. owner of a goðorð; -mál, n. an mi þeira, they were on good terms; vilja
action concerning a goðorð. e-m gott, to wish one well; (4) good, fine,
goð-vefr, m. = guðvefr. goodly; g. hestr, fine horse; gott veðr, fine
goð-vegr, m. the way of the gods. weather; með góðu föruneyti, with goodly
goll, n. gold = gull. suite; góðr beini, good cheer, verða gott
gollurr, m. pericardium. til e-s, to get plenty of; var þá gott til fjár
gor, n. the cud in animals. ok mannvirðingar, there was ample wealth
gor-mánaðr, m. the first winter-month and fame to earn; g. af e-u or e-s, good,
(Oct.-Nov.). liberal with a thing; g. af tíðendum, good
gotnar, m. pl. poet. men. at news, communicative; g. af hestinum,
gotneskr, a. Gothic. willing to lend the horse; g. af fé, open-
góð-brjóstaðr, a. kind-hearted; -fen- handed; g. matar, free with his food.
gr, a. good-natured; -fúsliga, adv. will- góð-ráðr, a. giving good counsel;
ingly; -fúss, a. benevolent; -fýsi, f. good- -ræði, n. goodness; -semi, f. = góð-fýsi;
ness, good-will; -fýst, f. goodness, good- -verk, n. charitable deed; -vild, f. kind-
will; -gipt, f. benefit, charitable deed; ness, good-will; -vili, m. kindness, good-
-girnd, f. = góð-fýsi; -girni, f. = góð- will; -viljaðr, a. benevolent.
fýsi; -gjarn, a. benevolent, kind; -gjarn- góðvilja-fullr, a. benevolent, kind;
liga, adv. kindly; -gjarnligr, a. kind, -maðr, m. benevolent man; -mikill, a.

206
góð-viljugr G gras-dalr
full of good-will. hann svá undir þeim, at, he sounded them
góð-viljugr, a. kind; -virki, n. = so that; g. e-t upp, to find out.
-verk; -virkr, a. making good work; graf-alr, m. burin, graver.
-vænliga, adv. = -vættliga; -vænligr, grafar-bakki, m. verge of a grave;
a. promising good; -vættliga, adv. ami- -gørð, f. digging of a grave; -lœkr, m. a
cably; -yrki, n. = -verk; -ættaðr, a. of brook which has dug itself a deep bed.
good family. graf-silfr, n. hidden treasure; -tól,
gói, f. the month Goi (from the middle n. pl. digging tools.
of February to the middle of March); gramendr, m. pl. the angry gods.
-beytill, m. a species of horse-tail (equi- gramr, a. wroth, angry (g. e-m);
setum hyemale). gramir, m. pl., gröm (viz. goð), n. pl.
gólf, n. (1) floor; (2) apartment. used as subst., fiends, demons; (gramir
golf-stokkar, m. pl. floor beams; munu taka þik); deili gröm við þik, the
-þili, n. deal floor. fiends bandy words with thee.
gó-ligr, a. fine, pretty (-lig orð). gramr (-s, -ir), m. king, warrior.
gómr (-s, -ar), m. (1) the roof or floor of grana-hár, n. whiskers (cf. ‘grön’).
the mouth (efri or neðri g.); e-m berr mart grand, n. hurt, injury (gera, vinna, e-m
á góma, one talks freely of many things; grand).
gæta tungu í báða góma, to keep guard on granda (að), v. to injure, do harm (engi
the tongue, speak warily; (2) finger-tip (á grandaði öðrum).
hendi heitir fingr, nagl, gómr). grand-lauss, a. guileless; -ligr, a.
góm-sparri, m. gag. dangerous, injurious; -varr, a. guileless;
góz, n. goods, property. -veri, f. guilelessness.
grað-fé, n. entire cattle. granna, f. neighbour.
graðr, a. entire, not castrated. granni, m. neighbour.
graðungr (-s, -ar), m. bull. grann-leikr, m. slenderness; -leitr,
grafa (gref; gróf, grófum; a. thin-faced; -ligr, a. slim, slender of
grafinn), v. (1) to dig (g. gröf); g. torf, build (ungr ok grannligr á vöxt).
to dig peat; fig. to seek out the sense of grannr, a. thin, slender.
(g. vísu); (2) to earth, bury (g. lík); (3) to grann-vaxinn, pp. slender, slim of fig-
carve, engrave (døkkr steinn í ok grafit á ure (hár á vöxt ok g.).
innsigli); (4) to inlay; fagr á liti, sem þá gran-rauðr, a. red-bearded; -selr, m.
er fílsbein er grafit í eik, as when ivory is bearded seal; -síðr, a. long bearded;
set in oak; (5) impers. to suppurate (lærit -stœði, n. the bearded part of the face, the G
tók at g. bæði uppi ok niðri); (6) with upper lip.
preps., g. at e-u, eptir e-u, to inquire into, graptar-dagr, m. burial-day; -kirk-
try to flnd out; also refl., grafast eptir e- ja, f. a church with a burying ground; -re-
u; g. niðr, to dig down; svá kyrr sem hann itr, -staðr, m. burial-place.
væri grafinn niðr, as if he had been root- gras, n. grass, herbage, herb.
ed in the ground; g. til e-s, to dig for (g. grasaðr, pp. prepared with herbs.
til vatns); g. um e-t = g. eptir e-u; gróf gras-dalr, m. grassy dale; -garðr, m.

207
grautar-díli G greið-fara
garden; -geilar, f. pl. grassy lanes; grá-rendr, a. grey-striped; -silfr, n.
-gott, a. n. with good crop of grass; grey (bad) silver; -skinn, n. grey fur;
-grœnn, a. grass-green; -lauss, a. grass- -skýjaðr, a. covered with grey clouds;
less; -leysa, f. failure of grass; -leysi, -steinn, m. a grey stone (til grásteins
n. failure of grass; -loðinn, a. thick with hins mikla).
grass; -loðna, f. grassy spot; -lægr, a. gráta (græt; grét, grétum;
lying in the grass; -mikill, a. rich in grátinn), v. (1) to weep; g. hástöfum, to
grass; -rœtr, f. pl. roots of herbs or grass; weep aloud; (2) to bewail, weep for one (þú
-sótt, f. grass-fever; -tó, f. grassy spot grætr góðan mann).
among cliffs; -völlr, m. grassy field; grátan-ligr, a. tearful.
-vöxtr, m. growth of grass. grát-fagr, a. beautiful in tears;
grautar-díli, m. porridge-spot (on the -feginn, a. weeping for Joy.
body); -ketill, m. porridge-pot; -sótt, grátinn, pp. tearful.
f. ‘porridge-fever’; -trog, n. porridge- grát-ligr, a. pitiable, deplorable.
trough; -trygill, m. porridge-trough; grátr, m. weeping; setr grát at e-m,
-þvara, f. porridge-stick. one bursts into tears.
grautr (gen. -ar), m. porridge. grát-raust, f. tearful voice;
grá-bildóttr, a. with grey-spotted -stokkinn, pp. bathed in tears.
cheeks, of a sheep; -björn, m. grey bear, grá-vara, f. grey fur (harm hafði fengit
opp. to ‘hvítabjörn’; -blár, a. grey-blue. á fjallinu mikla grávöru).
gráða, f. step; fig. degree. grefta (-fta, -ft), greftra (að), v.
gráði, m. gentle breeze. to bury (greftraðr at fornum sið).
gráði, m. step, degree = gráða. greiða (-dda, -ddr), v. (1) to unravel,
gráðr, m. greed, hunger. disentangle, arrange; g. hár, to comb or
gráðugr, a. greedy (g. ormr). dress the hair; greiddi hón hárit frá au-
grá-eygr, a. grey-eyed; -gás, f. wild gum sér, she stroked back the hair from her
goose; -klæddr, pp. grey-clad; -kollót- eyes; (2) to make or get ready (g. segl); g.
tr, a. grey and without horns; -kufl, m. til vað, to get ready a fishing line; g. til
grey cowl; -leikr, m. malice; -leitr, a. um vápn to get the weapons ready; (3) to
pale-looking; -liga, adv. with malice; speed, further (g. ferð e-s); refl., greiddist
-ligr, a. malicious; -lyndr, a. spiteful, honum vel, it sped well with him, he got on
malicious; -munkr, m. grey friar. well; (4) to pay (g. fé af hendi); g. fram,
grána (að), v. to become grey, fig. to to pay out; (5) to discharge, perform; g.
grow rough (tekr at g. gamanit). skírslu af höndum, to perform the ordeal;
grán-stóð, n. stud of grey horses; -var- g. vörð, to keep watch; g. róðr, to pull at
iðr, pp. grey-coated (úlfar-varðir). the oars; g. atróðr, g. til atlögu, to attack
grár (grá, grátt), a. (1) grey (í grám (in a sea-fight); g. mál, to settle a case.
kyrtli); g. fyrir hærum, grey-haired; grátt greið-fara, a. indecl. walking with
silfr, bad silver; (2) spiteful, malicious; þó speed; -fœrr, a. passable, easy to pass
at í brjósti grátt búi, although bearing (þar var eigi greiðfœrt); -gengr, a. =
malice in the heart. -fœrr (eigi er hér -gengt).

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greiði G Grettis-haf
greiði, m. (1) disentanglement, arrange- branch out, be separated (svá sem tun-
ment; gera greiða á málinu, to put the case gurnar greindust); g. á e-u, at e-u, to dis-
right; skipaðist lítt til greiða með þeim, agree about; impers., tók at g. með þeim
nothing was settled between them; (2) en- kumpánum, they began to quarrel.
tertainment, accomadation; gera e-m greina-mikill, a. sensible, clever.
greiða, to give one entertainment. greinar-laust, a. n. (1) indiscrimi-
greið-liga, adv. (1) readily, promptly; nately; (2) unconditionally; -mál, n. rea-
(2) quite; greiðliga berr, completely sonable case.
stripped; (3) downright, actually (þó at en- greina-vænn, a. likely to cause a differ-
gir menn bæri vápn á mik greið-liga). ence or dissension.
greið-ligr, a. (1) ready, prompt; var greini-liga, adv. distinctly; -ligr, a.
söngrinn eigi greiðligr, the song did not go distinct, clear.
smoothly; (2) clear, plain (greiðlig orð). greining, f. distinction.
greið-mæltr, pp. of ready speech. greiningar-vit, n. discernment.
greiðr (greið greitt), a. (1) clear, greip (pl. greipr), f. the space between
free from obstacles (greið leið, gata); (2) the thumb and the other fingers (kom blóð
ready to serve (góðr ok greiðr við alla sína á hönd þóri ok rann upp á greipina); fig.,
nágranna). koma, ganga í greipr e-m, to fall into one’s
greið-skapr, m. (1) readiness, prompt- clutches.
ness; (2) entertainment. greizla, f. payment, discharge.
greiðsla, f. = greizla. gremi, f. wrath, anger.
greið, m. earl, count. gremja (grem, gramda, gramit), v.
grein (pl. -ir), f. (1) branch (of a tree), to anger, provoke, exasperate (gremdu eigi
division; (2) point, head, part (í öllum goð at þér); refl., gremjast e-m, to be an-
greinum); í annarri g., in the second gry with.
place; (3) cause, reason; fyrir þá g., there- gren (gen. pl. grenja), n. lair of a fox
fore; (4) distinction; sjá grein handa, to or wolf (sem melrakki í greni).
discern one’s hands; gera grein á e-u, to grenja (að), v. to howl, bellow.
explain; (5) understanding, discernment; grenjan, f. howling, bellowing.
gløggrar greinar, sharpwitted; (6) dissent, grennast (d), v. refl. to become thin.
discord (varð mart til greina með þeim); grennd, f. vicinity.
vald fyrir utan alla g., undisputed (ab- grennslast (að), v. refl. to inquire.
solute) power. gren-skolli, m. a fox in its earth.
greina (-da, -dr), v. (1) to divide into grepp-ligr, a. frowning, ugly. G
parts (veröldin var greind í þrjár hálfur); greppr (-s, -ar), m. (1) poet, scald; (2)
(2) to discern, distinguish (g. gang him- doughty man.
intungla); (3) to expound, tell, record; sem grepta, greptra, see grefta, greftra.
áðr er greint, as is told above; sem síðarr gres-járn, n. iron wire.
greinir, as will be told hereafter; (4) im- gretta (-tta, -tt), v., g. sik or gret-
pers., menn (acc.) greinir á, they dis- tast, to frown, make a wryface.
agree, quarrel; (5) refl., greinast, to grettis-haf, -tak, n. Grettir’s lift.

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grey G gripr
grey (gen. pl. greyja), n. (1) bitch; (2) grikkir (gen. -ja), m. pl. Greeks.
paltry fellow, coward. grikk-land, n. Greece; grikklands-
grey-baka, f. = grey (1) bitch. haf, n. the Grecian Archipelago.
greyfa (-ða, -ðr), v. to bend down with grikkska, f. Greek (language).
the face to the ground. grikkskr, a. Greek, = girskr.
grey-hundr, m. bitch; -menneks, f. grimmast (d and að), v. to chafe, be fu-
paltriness, meanness. rious (g. móti guði).
greypa (-ta, -tr), v. to groove. grimmd, f. (1) grimness, fierceness; (2) =
greypi-liga, adv. fiercely; -ligr, a. grimmdarfrost.
fierce, fearful. grimmdar-frost, n. biting frost;
greyp-leikr, m. fierceness; -ligr, a. = -hugr, m. hostile mind.
greypiligr. grimm-eygr, a. fierce-eyed; -hugaðr,
greypr, a. fierce, fearful. a. in a grim humour; -leikr, m. savage-
grey-skapr, m. = -mennska; -stóð, n. ness, cruelly; -ligs, adv. fiercely; hefna
pack of hounds. grimmliga, to take a fearful revenge;
grið, n. (1) domicile, home; (2) pl. truce, -ligr, a. fierce, fearful; -lundaðr, a. of
peace, pardon, quarter; selk g.: to make grim temper.
truce; segja í sundr griðum to dissolve the grimmr, a. (1) grim, stern, dire; gráta
truce; lífs g. ok lima, safety for life and grimmum tárum, to weep bitter tears; g.
limbs; beiða (sér) griða, to sue for quarter; dómr, severe jugement; (2) wroth; svá var
beiða griða Baldri fyrir alls konar háska, hón grimm orðin Brjáni konungri, at, she
to seek protection for B. against all kinds hated him so much, that.
of harm; gefa e-m g., to give one quarter; grimm-úðigr, a. ferocious, fierce (-úði-
ganga til griða, to accept pardon. gr í skapi).
griða-brek, n. pl. breach of truce; grind (pl. grindr and grindir), f. (1)
-gjöf, f. granting truce; -lauss, a. with- a gate made of spars or bars, a fence; (2)
out truce, truceless; -mark, n. sign of pl. pen, fold (fé byrgt í grindum); fullar
truce; -mál, n. pl. truce formularies; grindir, full-stocked folds; (3) haven, dock
-rof, n. pl. breach of truce; -setning, f. (liggja í grindum, of ships); (4) store-hous-
truce-making; -staðr, m. sanctuary, asy- es.
lum. grind-hlið, n. barred gate.
grið-bítr, m. = -níðingr. gripa-auðigr, a. rich in precious
griði, m. servant. things; -gjald, n. payment in precious
griðka, f., grið-kona, f. housemaid, things; -kists, f. jewel chest; -taka, f.
female servant. seizure of property.
grið-maðr, m. male servant. grip-deild, f. robbery, rapine.
grið-mál, n. pl. = griðamál; -níðingr, gripr (-ar, -ir), m. (1) costly thing;
m. truce-breaker; -sala, f. a granting valuable treasure, property; (2) value, mon-
truce; -samr, a. peaceful. ey’s worth; enn þriðja hlut á hann, þann
griðungr (-s, -ar), m. = graðungr. er mikill g. er í, that is of great value; epli
grið-vist, f. lodging, home. þau, er henni munu gripir í þykkja, ap-

210
gripr G grundr
ples which she will think of great value. gróa (grœr, greri, gróinn), v. (1)
gripr, m. vulture (rare). to grow (of vegetation); jörð grœr, earth
gríðr (gen. -ar), f. giantess. grows; þá var grund gróin grœnum lauki,
gríma, f. (1) a kind of covering for the the ground was covered with green herbs;
face or the head, a mask or cowl (hafa grí- (2) to grow together, become joined to (hö-
mu fyrir andliti, á höfði sér); (2) armour fuð konungs var gróit við bolinn); (3) of
covering a horse’s head and breast; (3) beak wounds, to be healed (sár hans greru
(on a ship); (4) night (poet.). seint); Ingólfr lá í sárum vetr þenna, ok
grímu-maðr, m. a masked or disguised greri yfir at kalla, his wounds were healed
man. in a way; of the person, gróinn sára sinna,
grípa (gríp; greip, gripurn; grip- healed of one’s wounds; g. um heilt, to be
inn), v. (1) to grasp, seize (hann greip quite healed; fig. to be reconciled (grœr
sverð sitt á skjöld); (2) to seize upon (g. um heilt með þeim).
góz fyrir mönnum); (3) with preps., g. á gróði, m. growth, increase.
e-u, to catch hold of (H. greip á stafni); g. gróðr (gen. -rar, pl. -rar), m. growth,
á kýlinu, to touch upon a sore place; g. til crop (blóta til gróðrar).
e-s, to seize (g. til sverðsins); greip hun- gróðrar-ligr, a. fertile; healing.
drinn til hans, the dog snapped at him; g. gróðr-samr, a. fertile; -setja (see
upp, to catch up (Loki greip upp mikla setja), v. to plant; -vænligr, a. healing
stöng); g. við orði, to commence speaking. (-vænlig smyrsl).
grísa-sýr, f. a sow with pigs. gróf, f. pit.
gríss (gen. gríss, pl. grísir), m. (1) gróm-lauss, a. free from shot.
young pig; (2) hog. grómr, m. blot, dirty spot.
grjár, a. grey (poet., rare). grufla (að), v. to grovel an all-fours.
grjót, n. stones; verða at grjóti, to be gruggóttr, a. muddy, turbid.
turned into stones; bera g. á e-n, berja e-n gruna (að), v. (1) to suspect, mistrust
grjóti, to stone one. (Grettir grunaði hann); vera grunaðr um
grjót-berg, n. quarry; -björg, n. pl. e-t, to be suspected of; (2) to doubt (ekki
rocks; -burðr, m. throwing of stones; grunum vér illvilja yðvarn); (3) to sup-
-flaug, f. stone shower; -flutning, f. pose, guess (gruna ek, at fjölmenni muni
conveyance of stones; -hlað, n. stone wall; fyrir); (4) impers., mik grunar e-t or um
-hóll, m. stone mound, stone heap; e-t, I suspect, doubt.
-hríð, f. shower of stones; -hörgr, m. = grunan, f. suspecting, suspicious.
-hóll; -kast, n. throwing stones; -klet- grun-brusligr, a. suspicious-looking G
tr, m. boulder; -ligr, a. stony, flinty; (þú ert g. maðr).
-möl, f. gravel, pebbles; -páll, m. in the grund (pl. -ir), f. green field, grassy
phrase, vera grjótpáll fyirir e-u, to be the plain (í grundinni hjá þverá).
chief supporter (mainstay) of; -skriða, f. grunda (að), v. to meditate on.
stone-slip; -smiðr, m. stone-mason; -var- grundan, f. meditation.
ti, m. cairn of stones; -veggr, m. stone grundr, m. inquiry; gefa (grafa) grund
wall. at e-u, to inquire into.

211
grund-valla G grœnast
grund-valla (að), v. to found; -völlr, -samr, a. suspected (hafa e-n -saman);
m. ground for a building (marka -völl til -semd, f. suspicion.
húss, kirkju); foundation; reisa hús af grunsemdar-lauss, a. free from suspi-
-velli, to make a building from the ground. cion.
grun-lauss, a. unsuspecting; trúa guði grúfa (-ða, -t), v. to grovel, to cower
-laust, to put absolute faith in God; vera or crouch down (hann grúfði at eldinum;
-lauss af e-u, to be unsuspected, above sus- þeir grúfa í skjöldu sina).
picion; -maurar, m. pl., only in the grúfa, f., in the phrase, liggja á grúfu,
phrase, e-n bíta -maurar, one suspects. to lie face down, on one’s belly.
grunn, n. shallow, shoal; róa á g., to run gryfja, f. hole, pit.
a ground. grynna (-ti, -t), v. impers. to become
grunn-eygðr, a. goggle-eyed; -fall, shallower; grynnir dalinn, the dale became
n. a breaker on a shoal; -fastr, a. fast less deep; refl., grynnast = grynna (þá er
aground; -fœri, n. pl. anchor-tackle. ca- grynntist yfir at landinu).
ble; draga upp -fœri, to weigh anchor; grýfi-liga, adv. hideously.
-hygginn, a. shallow-minded, silly; grýjandi, f. dawn (rare).
-hygni, f. silliness; -lettr, a. thin-faced. grýla, f. (1) giantess; (2) bug-bear (ekki
grunnr (-s, -ar), m. bottom (of sea or hirði ek um grýlur yðrar).
water); til grunns, til grunna, down to the grýta (-tta, -ttr), v. (1) to stone one to
bottom; ganga á grunn, to come to an end death (g. e-n í hel, til bana); (2) g. á e-n,
(fig.). at e-m, to pelt one with stones.
grunnr (grynnri, grynnstr), a. grýta, f. pot.
shallow; standa grunnt, to be shallow grýting, f. stoning (to death).
(vinitta okkur stendr grunnt). grýttr, a. stony.
grunn-stiglaðr, pp. hard frozen; grýtu-ker, n. earthen pot.
-sæi, f. simplicity, credulity; -sæliga, græð, f. malice, hostility (= gráleikr).
adv. foolishly; -sæligr, a. foolish; -sær, græðgi, f. greediness, gluttony.
a. shallow-witted, foolish; -sævi, n. shal- græska, f. malice (= græð).
low water; -úðigr, a. shallow-minded; grœða (-dda, -ddr), v. (1) to make
-ýðigr, f. shallowness of mind, credulity. grow; (2) to heal (g. sar, g. sjóka); (3)
grunr (-ar, -ir), m. suspicion, doubt, to increase; g. fé, to make money; refl.,
uncertainty (e-m er grunr á e-u); grafa vindrinn grœddist, the wind increased;
grun á (um e-t), to suspect; hafa grun á grœðist e-m fé, peningar one makes mon-
e-m um e-t, to suspect one of a thing; e- ey.
m leikr grunr á um e-t, one feels suspi- grœðari, m. healer, saviour.
cious about a thing; draga gruni á um e-t, grœði-ligr, a. healable.
to conceive a suspicion of; renna grunum grœðing, f. (1) growth, increase (byrr
á. e-t, to doubt, to guess at; búa um grun, var í grœðingu); (2) healing, cure (g. sót-
to be suspected; um grun, by guile (sem ta; andlig g.).
þetta væri eigi um grun gört). grœfr, a. fit to be buried.
grun-samligr, a. suspicous-looking; grœnast (-d), v. to become green

212
grœn-fainn G gull-aldr
(grœnist jörð). ther; -gefmn, pp. given by God, inspired;
grœn-fainn, a. green-stained. -hræddr, a. godfearing; -hræzla, f. fear
grœn-leikr, m. greenness, verdure. of God; -lasta (að), v. to blaspheme;
grœn-lendingr, m. Greenlander. -lastan, f. blasphemy; -latr, a. ungodly;
grœn-lenzkr, a. of or belonging to -leysi, n. godlessness; -ligr, a. godlike,
Greenland (Grœnland). divine; -magn, n. = goðmagn; -níðingr,
grœnn, a. (1) green (g. sem gras); (2) m. traitor to God, apostate, renegaade.
fresh (g. fiskr); (3) good fit; sá mun nú guðniðing-skapr, m. apostasy.
grœnstr (the most hopeful choice) at segja guð-réttligr, a. righteous; -rækili-
satt. gr, a. ungodly; -rækr, a. ungodly; -rœk-
grœn-tó, f. tuft of grass; -tyrfa (-ða, iliga, adv. piously; -rœkinn, a. pious;
-ðr), v. to cover with green turf. -sifi (gen. -sifja), m. ‘gossip’ godfather;
grœta (-tta, -ttr), v. to make one -sifjar, f. pl. spiritual relationship, spon-
weep, distress one; grœttr, grieved. sorship; veita e-m -sifjar, to be a sponsor
grœti, n. pl. tears, sorrow. (godfather) to.
grœti-ligr, a. lamentable, sad. guðs-lög, n. pl. the canon law (halda
grœtir, m. one who makes another weep -lög ok landsins).
(gýgjar g.). guð-spjall, n. gospel; -spjalligr, a.
gröf (gen. grafar; pl. grafir and evangelical.
grafar), f. (1) pit, ditch (grafa g.); (2) guðvefjar-klæði, n. pl. a suit of
grave; þat mein leiddi hann til grafar, clothes made of guðvefr; -kyrtill, m.,
caused his death. -skikkja, f. kirtle of guðvefr.
gröftr (gen. graftar and graftrar, guð-vefr, m. a costly fabic used for gar-
dat. grefti and greftri), m. (1) digging ments, etc.; ? velvet.
(vera at grefti); (2) burial, interment; vei- gufa, f. vapour, steam.
ta e-m gröft, to bury; (3) tomb; (4) carv- gugna (að), v. to lose heart, quail.
ing. gul, n. gentle breeze, = gol.
grön (gen. granar, pl. granar), f. (1) gula, f. (1) = gola; (2) = gulusótt.
the hair on the upper lip, moustache (svá gul-brúnaðr, a-yellow-brown; -grár,
ungr, at eigi mun g. sprottin); (2) lip; a. yellow-grey; -grœnn, a. yellow-green (í
legðu munn við g., lay thy mouth to his gulgrœnum kyrtli).
lips; e-m bregðr vá fyrir g., one is startled, gull, n. (1) gold; (2) = fingrgull.
alarmed; bregða grönum, to draw back the gull-aldr, m. golden age; -auðigr, a.
lips, grin; in pl. the lips of a cow or bull. rich in gold; -auðr, m. wealth in gold; G
grön (gen. granar), f. pine-tree. -band, n. golden head-band; -baugr, m.
gröptr (gen. graptar), m. = gröftr. gold ring; -bitlaðr, a. golden-bitted;
grösugr, a. grassy, grass-grown. -bitull, m. bit (bridle) of gold; -bjartr,
guð, m. (and n.), God. a. bright as gold; -bóka (að), v. to em-
guðdóm-ligr, a. god-like, divine. broider in gold; -bóla, f. (1) gold boss;
guð-dómr, m. godhead, divinity; -dót- (2) golden bull (bulla aurea); -brynja, f.
tir, f. god-daughter; -faðir, m. godfa- golden coat of mail; -búinn, pp. orna-

213
gullin-bursti G gylling
mented with gold; -bollr, m. golden ball; -vafiðr, pp. wound with gold; -veggr,
-dálkr, m. gold pin; -festr, f. gold m. golden wall; -viðjar, f. pl. gold with-
chain; -fjallaðr, pp. embroidered in ies; -vöndr, m. golden wand.
gold; -gódr, a. of pure gold; -górr, a. gulr, a. yellow (gult silki).
made of gold; -hagr, a. skilled in working gul-rendr, a. gold-striped.
gold; -hálsar, m. pl. gold-necks, gulu-sótt, f. jaundice.
lordlings; -hárr, a. golden-haired; -hel- gumi (pl. gumar), m. man (poet.).
la, f. bar of gold; -hjalt, n. gold hill; gumnar, m. pl. men (poet.); gumna
-hjálmr, m. golden helmet; -hlað, n. synir, the sons of men.
gold lace (esp. to tie up the hair with); gumpr, m. bollom, fundament.
-hlaðinn, pp. laced with gold; -hringr, gumsa (að), v. to scoff at, mock.
m. gold ring; -hús, n. jewel-chest; gunnar-fúss, -gjarn, a. eager for bat-
-hyrndr, a. golden-horned. tle.
gullin-bursti, m. gold-mane; gunn-fáni, m. ‘gonfarron’, war-banner;
-hjalti, m. golden-hilt (a sword with a processional banner.
hilt of gold); -kambi, m. gold comb. gunn-heilagr, a. invulnerable; -hva-
gullinn, a. golden. tr, a. warlike.
gull-knappr, m. gold button; gold gunnr (gen. -ar, dat. and acc. -i), f.
knob; -knútr, m. gold knot; -kóróna, f. war, battle (poet.).
golden crown; -leggja (see leggja), v. to gunn-tamiðr, pp. used to war.
lace with gold; -ligr, a. golden, of gold; guss, n. fuss; gussa (að), v. to make
-mál, n. inlaid figure of gold; -men, n. fuss and noise.
gold necklace; -miðlandi, m. distributor gusta (að), v. to blow in gusts.
ofvgold; -nisti, n. gold pin; -ofinn, pp. gust-illir, a. having foul breath;
gold-woven; -rekinn, pp. inlaid with gold -kaldr, a. gusty, chilly (veðrit var
(-rekit spjót); -rendr, a. gold-striped; gustkalt); -mikill, a. gusty.
-ritinn, pp. written in gold; -roðinn, gustr, m. (1) gust; (2) smell.
pp. gilt; -saumaðr, pp. embroidered with gyðinga-land, n. Palestine; -skirn, f.
gold; -settr, pp. gold-mounted; circumcision.
-skillingr, m. gold shilling; -skotinn, gyðing-ligr, a. Jewish.
pp. woven with gold; -skór, m. gold shoe; gyðingr (-s, -ar), m. Jew.
-smeittr, pp., -smeltr, pp. gold-enam- gyðja, f. (1) goddess; (2) priestess.
elled (of a shield); -smiðr, m. goldsmith; gylfi, m. prince, king (poet.).
-smíð, f. goldsmith’s work, working in gylfra, f. (1) ogress witch; (2) er þat
gold; -spánn, m. (1) gold ornament (on helzt við orði, at gylfrum gangi vinittan,
ships); (2) gold spoon; -sproti, m. gold it is rumoured that your friendship is all
sceptre; -stafaðr, pp. gold-striped; gone to the dogs.
-stafr, m. golden letter; -steindr, pp. gylla (-da, -dr and -ta, -tr), v. to
gilt; -stöng, f. bar of gold; -stylgja, f. gild; g. hóli, to flatter.
gold brooch; -tafla, f. golden piece (used gylling, f. (1) gilding; (2) pl. vain praise
in playing); -teinn, m. golden rod; (fara með glyllingar).

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gylta G gœling
gylta, f. young sow. care of, guard, with gen.; g. skóklæða e-
gyltr, f. young sow. s, to take care of one’s shoes; g. dura í
gymbill, m. he-lamb. höllinni, to guard the door of the hall; g.
gymbr (gen. -rar), f. ewe-lamb. kúa, hesta, to tend cows, horses; g. dóma,
gyrða (-ða, -ðr), v. (1) to gird (with a to observe justice; g. ráðsins, to take heed
belt); g. sik, to gird oneself, fasten one’s to the advice; g. til e-s, to mind, take care
belt (cf. gyrðr í brœkr); g. sik með sverði, of, attend to (svá gættu þeir til, at ekki
to gird on a sword; (2) to girth (g. hest, g. varð at); (2) refl., ok um þat gættust, and
söðul). took counsel together.
gyrðill, m. (1) girdle; (2) purse (hon lét gæti-liga, adv. heedfully.
féit í gyrðilinn). gætinn, a. heedful, wary.
gyrja, v. to stain with blood. gætir, m. keeper, warder.
gys, n., gyss, m. mocking; gera gys at e- gætti, n. door-frame, doorpost; hurð
u, to mock at a thing. var á g., the door was ajar.
gyzki, m. wonder (rare). gætur, f. pl., hafa g. á e-u, gefa g. at e-
gýgr (gen. -jar, pl. -jar), f. giantess, u, to take care of, mind.
hag (þar bjó ein gýgr). gæzla, f. watch, keeping.
gæfa, f. goodluck; bera gæfu til e-s, to gæzlu-engill, m. guardian angel;
have luck in a thing. -lauss, a. unguarded; -maðr, m. keeper;
gæfr, a. quiet, meek; þat er mér ok gæ- -sótt, f. an illness which involves watch-
fast, that is most pleasant to me. ing over the patient.
gæfu-drjúgr, a. lucky; -fátt, a. n., e- gœða (-dds, -ddr), v. (1) to endow, en-
m er -fátt, one has little luck; -hlutr, rich (g. e-n fé ok virðingu); (2) to in-
m. share of good luck; -lauss, a. luckless; crease; g. rás, ferð, to quicken the pace; g.
-leysi, n. lucklessness; -maðr, m. lucky róðrinn, to quicken the stroke, pull quick-
man; -mannligr, a. as a lucky man; er; adding the prep. á; svá mikit gœddi
-mikill, a. having great luck; -munr, m. þetta á, it increased so much, went to such
difference in luck; -raun, f. trial of luck; a pitch; var þá nökkuru heimskari en áðr,
-samliga, adv. luckily; -samligr, a. ef á mátti g., sillier, if possible, than be-
lucky; -skipti, n. turn or change of luck; fore.
-skortr, m. want of luck; -vant, a. n. gœða-lauss, a. void of good things, bar-
wanting in luck. ren (gœðalaust land).
gægjast (ð), v. refl. to bend eagerly for- gœði, n. pl. good or profitable things,
ward and peep. boons, emoluments. G
gær, adv. only with the prep. í; (1) yes- gœðingr (-s, -ar), m. nobleman, chief
terday (vara þat nú né í gær); (2) poet. to- (konungr ok hans gœðingar).
morrow (þótt nú eðr gær deyjum). gœl, n. = gœlingar-orð.
gæra, f. sheepskin with the wool on. gœla (-da, -dr), v. to comfort, soothe
gær-dagr, m. yesterday; -kveld, n. (verð á mik gœla).
yesterday evening. gœling, f. soothing; gœlingar-orð,
gæta (-tta, -tt), v. (1) to watch, take n. pl. soothing words.

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gœzka G gøra
gœzka, f. (1) goodness, kindness; (2) grant, render; g. kost, to give a choice; (5)
good things (= gœði). with acc. of an adj.; g. sik líkan e-m, to
gœzku-fullr, a. full of goodness, mer- make oneself like to, imitate one; g. sik
ciful; -lauss, a. merciless; -samligr, a. reiðan, to take offence; g. skjót-kørit, to
good, kind; -verk, n. charitable deed. make a quick choice; (6) to do, act; g. gott
göfga (að), v. (1) to worship (g. goð); (illt), to do good (evil); hefir hann marga
(2) to honour (g. dróttins-dag). hluti gört stór-vel til min, I have received
göfgan, f. worshipping; göfgari, m. many great benefits at his hands; g. e-m
worshipper. gagn, to give help to one; (7) to do, avail;
göfug-kvendi, n. noble woman, lady; þat mun ekki g., that won’t do; ekki gørir
-látr, a. worshipful, generous; -leikr, at dylja, it is no use denying it; (8) to send,
m. worshipfullness, highness; -ligr, a. (1) dispatch (hann gørði þegar menn frá sér);
worshipful, noble-looking; (2) magnificent (9) to beget (af henni gørði hann hinn
(-ligr staðr); -menni, n. noble, worshipful fyrsta soninn); (10) to judge or arbitrate
man; -mennr, a. with many worshipful in a case (= g. um mál); to fix the amount
men. of a fine (gørði Njáll hundrað silfrs); g.
göfugr (göfgari, göfgastr), a. no- sér e-t, to adjudge to oneself; (11) with in-
ble, worshipful (g. at kyni). fin. as an auxiliary verb; ef hón gørði ko-
gøgn, gøgnum, see ‘gegn, gegnum’. ma, if she did come; gørðit hón hjúfra,
göltr (gen. galtar, dat. gelti; pl. she did not wail; (12) impers. one becomes;
geltir), m. boar, hog. hann gørði fölvan, he turned pale; veðr
göng, n. pl. passage (ór kastala vóru gørði hvast, a gale arose; brið mikla gørði
göng upp í kirkju). at þeim, they were overtaken by a storm;
göngu-drykkja, f. drinking-bout; mér gørir svefnhöfugt I grow sleepy; (13)
-fœri, n. = gang-fœri; -fœrr, a. able to with preps., g. mikit af sér, to distinguish
walk; -kona, f. vagrant woman; -líð, n. oneself; g. e-t af e-m, to extort (take) from
(1) footmen, infantry; (2) help, assistance. one; g. e-t af við e-n, to wrong a person,
göngull, a. running much about. transgress against one (ek hefi engan hlut
göngu-maðr, a. beggar, vagrant; af gørt við þik); g. góðan (mikinn) róm at
-mannliga, adv. beggar-like, beggarly; máli e-s, to cheer (praise) another’s speech;
-sveinn, m. vagrant, tramp; gør, n. po- g. at e-u, to mend, put right (tekr bann
et. flock. kníf ok gørir at skónum); to heal (kannt
gøra, gørva (-ða, -ðr, and görr), v. þú nókkut g. at slíkum meinum); hann
(1) to make, construct, build (g. hús skip, gørði þat eina at, er hann átti, he did only
haug); g. bók, to write a book; (2) to set in what he ought; slíkt gørir at, er sölin etr,
order, prepare, perform, &c.; g. veizlu, to so it happens when one eats seaweed; g.
make a banquet; g. seið, blót, to perform at skapi e-s, to conform to one’s wishes;
a sacrifice; g. ferð, to make a journey; g. g. at álitum, to take into consideration; g.
ráð sitt, to make up one’s mind; g. ráð með sér úgetit at e-u, to be displeased with; g.
e-m, to take counsel with, advise one; (3) á hluta e-s, to wrong one, do harm to; g.
to contract (g. vináttu, félagskap); (4) to fáleika á sik, to make oneself look sad; g.

216
gör-bœnn G gørvi
eptir e-m, to send for one; g. e-t eptir, to gørðar, to choose umpires; segja or lúka
imitate; g. ráð fyrir e-u, to suppose; g. sér upp g., to deliver the arbitration.
mikit (lítit) fyrir, to make great (small) ef- gørðar-maðr, m. umpire.
forts; g. sér e-t hug, to resolve, plan; g. gør-farinn, pp. quite gone, quite lost;
sér gott hug, to be easy in mind; g. milli -hugall, a. very heedful, mindful.
(á m.) e-m, to decide between; g. til e- görla, adv. quite, fully (vita g.).
rra, to make preparations for; g. e-t til, görn (pl. garnar and garnir), f. gut.
to prepare, make ready, dress meat; g. til görning, f. doing, deed.
e-s, to de serve a thing; hvat hafðir þú gørninga-hrið, f. a storm raised by
til gört, what hadst thou done to deserve witchcraft; -maðr, m. sorcerer.
it?; g. sœmdir til e-s, to confer honour up- gørningar, f. pl. witchcraft, sorcery.
on one; g. til saka við e-n, to transgress gørninga-sótt, f. sickness caused by
against one; g. um mál, to arbitrate in a sorcery; -stakkr, m. enchanted jacket;
case (þær urðu málalyktir, at Þórdr skyldi -veðr, n. = -hrið; -vættr, f. witch.
g. um); g. mikit um sik, to make a great gørningr, m. = gørning.
noise; g. sér mikit um e-t, to make much gøróttr, a. poisonous (g. er drykkrinn,
of, admire; g. upp, to rebuild, restore (g. ái!).
upp hús, skála); g. e-n upp, to upset one; görr, gørr, gerr (acc. görvan), a.
g. e-n útan, to banish, exile (Flosi var and pp. (1) skilled, accomplished (vel at
görr útan); g. e-t við e-n, to do with one sér g.); leggja görva hönd á e-t, to to be
(þá var um rœtt, hvat við þá skyldi g.); an adept, a master in a thing; (2) ready,
g. við e-u, to prevent; (14) refl., gørast, willing (g. gull at bjóða). with gen., g. ills
to become, arise (þá gørðist hlátr); sá at- hugar, prone to evil skulut þess görvir, be
burðr gørðist, it came to pass; gørðist með ready for that! (3) svá gört, so done, so;
þeim félagskapr, they entered into fellow- verða menn þat svá gört at hafa, it must
ship; gørast konungr, to become king; svá be so at svá görvu, this being the case.
gørðist, at, it so happened, that; impers., gørr, adv. compar., gørst, adv. su-
næsta gørist mér kynligt, I feel rather un- perl. more, most fully.
easy; gørast ferðar sinnar, to set out for a gør-ræði, n. arbitrary act; -samliga,
journey; with infin., ár var þat er Guðrún adv. altogether, quite.
gørðist at deyja, was nigh to death; g. í, to gør-semi, -simi (pl. -semar), f. costly
occur, happen (sögdu þeir konungi, hvat í thing, jewel, treasure; -simligr, a. costly.
hafði görzt); g. til e-s, to set about doing gør-tœki, n. unlawful seizure of another
(þessir menn hafa görzt til svá mikils man’s property. G
stórrœðis). gørva, v. = gera, gøra.
gör-bœnn, a. begging hard, impotunate görva (gørva, gerva), adv. quite,
(gørast g. við e-n). clearly; muna g., to remember clearly; ef
gørð, f. (1) making, building; (2) doing, þú g. kannar, if thou search closely cf.
act, deed; orð ok gørðir, words and deeds; gørr, gørst.
(3) arbitration, award; leggja mál í g., to görv-allr, a. entire, whole.
submit a case to arbitration; taka menn til gørvi (pl. gørvar), f. gear, apparel;

217
gørvi-leikr G götvaðr
-búr, n. store-house. visions for a journey; -skarð, n. a defile
gørvi-leikr, m. accomplishments; with a path through it.
-ligr, a. accomplished, doughty. götva (að), v. to bury.
götu-breidd, f. breadth of a road; götvaðr, m. slayer (?).
-leysi, n. pathless tract; -nisti, n. pro-

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hadda hafa

H
to get, gain, win; hann hafði eigi svefn,
he got no sleep; hefir sá jafnan, er hæt-
tir, he wins that ventures; h. gagn, sigr, to
gain victor; h. meira hlut, to get the upper
hand, gain the day; h. betr (verr), to get
the better (worse) of it; h. sitt mál, to win
one’s suit; h. tafl, to win the game; h. eren-
di, to do one’s errand, succeed; h. bana, to
hadda, f. pot-hook, pot-handle. suffer death, to die; h. sigr, to be worsted;
hadd-bjartr, a. light-haired, = bjart- h. góðar viðtökur, to be well received; h.
haddaðr; -blik, n. bleaching the hair. tíðindi af e-m, to get tidings of, or from,
haddr (-s, -ar), m. a lady’s hair. one; h. sœmd, óvirðing af e-m, to get ho-
haðna, f. a young she-goat. nour, disgrace from one; with gen., h. e-
haf, n. the sea, esp. the high sea, ocean; s ekki, to fail to catch one (hann kemst
sigla (láta) í h., sigla á h. út, to put to sea; á skóg undan, ok höfðu þeir hans ekki);
hann dó í hafi, he died at sea. ekki munu vér hans h. at sinni, we shall
haf, n. lifting (úlíkligr til hafs). not catch him at present; (9) to wear carry
hafa (hefi; hafða, höfðum; (clothes, weapons); hann hafði blán kyr-
hafðr), v. (1) to have (þeir höfðu sjau til, he wore a blue kirtle; h. kylfu í hen-
skip ok flest stór); h. elda, to keep up di sér, to have a club in one’s hand; (10)
a five; (2) to hold, celebrate (h. vinaboð, to behave, do, or fare, so an so esp. with
blót, þing); (3) to keep, retain (rifu þær an adv.; h. vel, illa, vetr, to behave (do)
vefinn í sundr, ok hafði hverr þat er hélt well, badly, be worse; hafa sik vel, to be-
á); (4) to use (tvau net eru rý, ok hafa eigi have; hafa vel, to be well off or happy; h.
höfð verit); orð þau sem hann hafði um hart, to be in a wretched plight; (11) with
haft, which he had made use of; h. fagr- infin., h. at varðveita, to have in keeping
mæli við e-n, to flatter one; h. hljóðmæli at selja, to have on sale; lög hafið þér at
við e-n, to speak secretly to one; h. tvimæli mæla, you are right; (12) h. e-n nær e-u, to
á e-u, to speak doubtfully of a thing; h. expose one to (þú hafðir svá nær haft oss
viðrmæli um e-t, to use mocking words; úfœru); h. nær e-u, to come near to, esp.
hann var mjök hafðr við mál manna, impers.; nær hafði okkr nú, it was a nar-
much used to, versed in, lawsuits; (5) to row escape; svá nær hafði hausinum, at,
have, hold, maintain; h. vináttu við e-n, the shot so nearly touched the head, that;
to maintain friendship with one; h. hæt- ok er nær hafði, skipit mundi fljóta, when
tumikit, to run a great risk; h. heilindi, to the ship was on the point of flloating; (13)
have good health; (6) to bring, carry; h. e- as an auxiliary verb, in the earliest time
n heim með sér, to bring one home; hann with the pp. of transitive verbs in acc.;
hafði lög, út hingat ór Noregi, he brought hefir þú hamar um fólginn, hast thou hid-
H

laws hither from Norway; h. sik (to betake den the hammer?; ek hefi sendan mann, I
oneself) til annara landa; (7) to take, carry have sent a man; later with indecl. neut.
off; troll hafi þik, the trolls take thee; (8) pp.; hefir þú eigi sét mik, hast thou not

219
hafandi H hafnar-dyrr
seen me?; (14) with preps.; h. e-t at, to up (h. uppi fœri, net); Skarpheðinn hafði
do, act; hann tók af þér konuna, en þú uppi øxina, S. heaved up the axe; h. flokk
hafðir ekki at, but thou didst not stir, didst uppi, to raise a party, to rebel; h. uppi tafl,
take it tamely; absol., viltu þess freista, to play at a game; h. e-n uppi, to bring
ok vita hvat at hafi, wilt thou try and see one to light; h. uppi rœður, to begin a dis-
what happens?; h. e-t at hlífiskildi (skot- cussion; h. e-t úti, to have done, finished
spœni), to use as a shield (as a target); h. (h. úti sitt dagsverk); h. við e-m, to be
e-n háði, hlátri, to mock, laugh at; h. e-t a match for one; h. sik við, to exert one-
at engu, vettugi, to hold for naught, take self; h. mikit (lítit) við, to make a great
no notice of; h. sakir á e-n have charges (little) display; hann söng messu ok bafði
against one; h. á rás, to take to one’s heels, mikit við, and made much of it; hann bad
run off; h. e-t eptir, to do or repeat a thing jarl leita, bann hafði lítit við þat, he did
after one; h. e-t fram, to produce (vápn it lightly; haf ekki slíkt við, do not say so;
þorgils vóru fram höfð); to carry out, hold haf þú lítit við at eggja sonu þina, refrain
forth; h. mál fram, to proceed with a suit; from egging on thy sons; (15) refl., hafast,
var um búit, ekki fram haft, all was made to dwell, abide; þeir höfðust mjök í fer-
ready but nothing done; h. e-t frammi, í ðum, they spent much of their life in trav-
frammi, to use, make use of (h. í frammi elling; hafast vel, to do well, thrive (vaxa
kúgan); ok öll lögmæt skil frammi hafa, ok vel h.); h. at, to do; Lambi sá hvat
and discharge all on official duties; h. e-t Steinarr hafðist at, what he was doing; h.
fyrir satt, to hold for true; eigi em ek þar við, to dwell, stay (hér mun ek við hafast);
fyrir sönnu hafðr, I am not truly aimed for h. vel við, to bear oneself well up; h. orð
that, it is a false charge; h. e-n fyrir sökum við, to speak to one another.
um e-t, to charge one with; h. í hótum við hafandi, pr. p. being with child.
e-n, to threaten one; h. e-t með höndum, haf-bára, f. wave; -fugl, m. sea-bird;
to have in hand; höfum eiai sigrinn ór -fœrandi, pr. p. sea-going, sea-worthy;
hendi, let not victory slip out of our hands; -gerðingr, f. pl. tremendous waves;
h. ór við e-n, to behave so and so towards -gjálfr, n. roar of the sea; -gola, f. sea-
one (hefir þú illa ór haft við mik); h. e- breeze; -gufa, f. mermaid; -hallt, adv.
t til e-s to use for (höfðu þeir til varnar standing seawards; -hrútr, m. sea-ram;
skot ok spjót); to be a reason or ground -íss, m. drift ice; -kaldr, a. cold as the
for; vér hyggjum þat til þess haft vera, at sea; -leið, f. standing seawards; stefna
þar hafi menn sézt, we believe the foun- -leið, to stand seawards; -leiðis, adv. sea-
dation of the story is that men have been wards; -ligr, a. marine.
seen there; h. mikit (lítit) til síns máls, to hafna (að), v. to forsake, abandon, with
have much (little) in support of one’s case; dat. (h. fornum sið, blótum ok heiðnum
h. e-t til, to have at hand, possess; orð þau, góðum); kýr hafnaði átinu, the cow left off
sem hann hafði um haft, the words which eating.
he had used; keisari hafði fátt um, did not hafnan, f. abandonment, forsaking (h.
say much; h. e-n undir, to get one under, heimsins, veraldar).
subdue one; h. e-t uppi, to take (heave) hafnar-dyrr, f. pl. entrance of a haven

220
hafnar-feldr H hagr
(höfn). was taken into keeping; with adv., hvernig
hafnar-feldr, m. a shaggy cloak for skulum vér þá til h., how shall we arrange
everyday use. it; h. svá til, at, to arrange or contrive it so
hafnar-mark, n. harbour mark; -mer- that; h. e-m til e-s, to turn out so and so
ki, n. harbour mark; -tollr, m. harbour for one (þat hagaði Ólafi til mikils harms);
toll. (2) to suit, be suitable (skip með þeim far-
hafnar-vaðmál, -váð, n. plain stuff. mi, sem ek veit vel hagar til Íslands).
hafn-borg, f. sea borough, sea-port. haga-beit, f. grazing; -garðr, m.
haf-nest, n. provisions for a voyage. fence round a pasture-field.
hafn-leysa, f. harbourless coast; hag-fastr, a. grazing constantly on the
-leysi, n. harbourless coast; -ligr, a. har- same pasture; -fátt, a. n. short of grazing
bour-like. (málnytu verðr hag-fátt).
hafr (-rs, -rar), m. he-goat, buck. hag-feldr, a. meet, fit, suitable (ek
hafr-belgr, m. = -staka. mun þér h.; hagfelt erindi).
haf-rek, m. wreck, jetsam; -reka, a., hagi, m. pasture, field for grazing; var
-rekinn, pp. tossed or driven about on the hestum h. fenginn, the horses were put out
sea. to grass.
hafr-staka, f. goat’s skin. hag-jörð, f. pasture land.
haf-rœðr, a. sea-worthy (hafrœðr hag-keypi, n. good bargain.
sexæringr). hagl, n. hail; -hrið, f. hail-storm.
hafs-botn, m. gulf (firðir ok hafsbot- hag-leikr, m. skill in handicraft.
nar); -geil, f. sea-lane. hagleiks-gørð, f. fine workmanship;
haf-skip, n. a sea-going ship; -skrim- -maðr, m. handicraftsman, artist.
sl, n. sea-monster. hag-liga, adv. skilfully, handily, neatly;
hafs-megin, n. the main, high sea. -ligr, a. (1) skilful, handy, neat; (2) fit,
haf-stormr, m. storm at sea; -stram- proper, convenient.
br, m. fabulous sea-monster. hagl-korn, n. hailstone; -steinn, m.
haft, n. (1) bond, chain; esp. pl., höft, hailstone; -vindr, m. hail-storm.
fetters; sitja í höftum, to be in fetters; hal- hag-mýrr, f. pasture, marsh.
da e-n í höftum, to keep one in bonds; (2) hag-mæltr, a. well-spoken.
pl., höft, gods. hagna (að), v. to be meet for one;
hafta, f. female prisoner, bondwoman hvárum ykkrum hefir betr hagnat, which
(h. ok hernuma). of you has had the best luck?
haftr, m. male prisoner, bondman. hagnaðr (gen. -ar), m. advantage.
haf-tyrðill, m. little auk; -velktr, hag-nýta (-tta, -ttr), v. to make use
pp. sea-tossed; -viðri, sea-breeze; -vil- of, have profit of.
la, f. loss of one’s course at sea; -villr, a. hagr, a. handy, skilful (h. maðr á tré ok
having lost one’s course at sea. járn).
H

haga (að), v. (1) to manage, arrange, hagr (-s, -ir), m. (1) state, condition,
with dat. (svá skulu vér h. inngöngu vor- affairs (hvat er nú um hagi þína?); (2)
ri); fénu var hagat til gæzlu, the money means (ef hann hefir eigi hag til at fœra

221
hag-ráð H halda
þau fram); (3) favour, advantage; í hag e- h. hendi yfir e-m, to protect one; (6) to
m, to one’s advantage at högum, suitably. hold, stand, steer, ellipt., þeir héldu aptr
hag-ráð, n. opportunity; -ráðr, a. giv- (held back again) um haustit; þeir héldu
ing wise counsel; -ræða (-rædda, út eptir fírði, they stood out the firth; h.
-rætt), v. to put right (fyrir sér); -ræði, heim, to steer homewards; (7) to graze, put
n. service (gera e-m hagræði); -skeytr, in the field (h. fé til haga); (8) impers. to
a. a good shot; -skipti, n. fair bargain. continue, last (hélt því lengi um vetrinn);
hags-munir, m. pl. profit, advantage. II. with acc. (1) to hold in possession, a
hag-spakligr, a. practical, wise; -spe- fief, land, estate (þeir héldu alla hina bez-
ki, f. forethought, good sense; -stœðr, a. tu staði með sjónum); (2) to hold, keep,
fair, favourable (-stœðr byrr); -tœkr, a. observe, a feast, holiday (í hvers minning
practical; -þorn, -þyrnir, m. hawthorn. heldr þú þenna. dag?); (3) to keep (h. orð
haka (gen. höku), f. chin. sín, eið, sættir, frið); to observe (h. guðs
hala-broddr, m. point of a tail; -ferð, lög ok landsins); (4) to uphold, maintain,
f. the rear; -langr, a. long-tailed; -tafl, support (h. vini sína, h. e-n til ríkis); (5)
n. a kind of game. h. sik, to comport oneself (kunna h. sik
hald, n. (1) hold, fastening; (2) keeping með hófi); h. sik ríkmannliga, to fare
in repair (fyrir h. kirkju); (3) support, sumptuously; h. sik aptr af e-u, to abstain
backing (hann hefir nú h. mikit af konun- from; (6) to hold, consider, deem (hón hélt
gi); h. ok traust, help and support in need; engan hans jafningja); (7) to hold, keep
koma e-m at haldi, í hald, to be of use or up; h. varnir, to keep up a defence; h.
help to one; hér kemr illa í h., it does little vörð, to keep watch; (8) to hold, compel,
good; (4) custody (Ólafr konungr tók þá bind (heldr mik þá ekki til útanferðar); þó
við haldi Hræreks konungs); (5) esteem heldr þik várkunn til at leita á, thou hast
(vera með e-m í góðu haldi); (6) keep- some excuse for trying; III. with preps.,
ing, observance (cf. jóla-hald, drottinsda- h. á e-u, to hold, wield in the hand (h. á
ga hald). sverði); to hold to a thing, go on with it, be
halda (held; hélt, héldum; busy about (h. á drykkju, á ferð sinni, á
haldinn), v. I. with dat. (1) to hold fast sýslu); h. e-t af e-m, to hold (land, office)
(Gunnarr var kyrr svá at honum hélt einn from or of one (þeir er höfðu haldið land af
maðr); to keep back, restrain (Hrafn fekk Danakonungi); h. mikit af e-m, to make
eigi haldit henni heima); (2) to withhold much of one; h. eptir e-m, to pursue one;
(héldu bœndrgjaldinu); (3) to keep, retain h. e-u eptir, to keep back; h. sik frá e-u, to
(þú skalt jafhan þessu sæti h.); to preserve keep oneself back from, refrain from; h. e-
(h. virðingu sinni, lífi ok limum); h. vöku u fram, to uphold, support; h. e-u fyrir e-
sinni, to keep oneself awake; (4) to hold, u, to withhold from one; to protect against
keep one’s stock; also ellipt. (vetr var illr (héldu engar grindr fénu fyrir birninum);
ok héldu menn illa); (5) phrases, h. njós- h. e-n fyrir e-t, to hold, consider one to be
num, to keep watch, to spy (= h. njósnum so and so (síðan hélt konungr Erling fyrir
til um e-t); h. (hendi) fyrir auga, to hold tryggvan vin); h. í e-t, to hold fast, grasp
(the hand) before the eyes, shade the eyes; (þú skalt h. í hurðarhringinn); h. til e-s,

222
hald-góðr H hallr
to be the cause of, be conducive to; heldr n. discreetness.
þar margt til þess, there are many reasons hald-kvæmast (d), v. refl. to avail, be
for this; hélt til þess (conduced to it) góð- of use to (-kvæmast e-m).
girni hans; h. til e-s, to be bent on, fond of hald-kvæmd, f. convenience, comfort;
(h. mjök til skarts, til gleði); h. til jafns -kvæmiligr, a. convenient; -kvæmr, a.
við e-n, to bear up against one, to be a convenient, useful; -samr, a. holding
match for one; h. um e-t, to grasp with the close; vera -samr á e-u, to keep it close;
hand (= h. hendi um e-t); h. barni undir -semi, f. (1) fast holding; (2) closeness,
skírn, to hold at baptism; h. e-u upp, to stinginess.
hold aloft, lift (h. upp höndum); h. upp hali, m. tail; leika (veifast um) lausum
árum, to hold up the oars, cease pulling; hala, to play with a loose tail, to be unre-
to uphold, maintain, support (h. upp ho- strained; bera brattan halann, to cock up
fum, kristninni); to keep going (h. upp the tail, to be proud; draga eptir sér ha-
bardaga); to discharge (h. upp kostnaði, lann, to drag the tail, to play the coward.
bótum); h. upp bœnum fyrir e-m, to pray halla (að), v. (1) to incline or turn side-
for one; h. e-u við, to maintain a thing; ways, with dat. (h. keri, skipi); (2) to sway
h. við e-m, to stand against (hvar sem to the wrong side (= h. til um. e-t); h.
harm kom fram, hélt ekki við honum); sögu, to give an unfair report; h. nökku-
impers. to be on the point of; hélt þá við rum orðum til, to let fall a few words; h.
atgöngu (acc.), they were near coming to eptir e-m, to be biassed in one’s favour;
fight; heldr nú við hót, it is little short of h. sér, to lean with one’s body; impers. to
threats; IV. refl., haldast, to hold oneself, lie over, with dat. (hallaði honum svá, at
stay (mátti hann eigi þar h.); to hold out, sjór féll inn á annat borð); sólu hallar,
continue, last (hélzt vinátta með þeim); the sun sinks; vetri hallar, the winter is de-
to be kept safe and sound; menn allir hél- clining; tafli hallar á e-n, the game turns
dust (all hands were saved) ok svá fé; to be against one; (3) to slope (hann skildi eigi
valid, stand (engi má h. dómr hans); h. á, fyrr við þá en hallaði af norðr); (4) refl.,
to pull one against another, wrestle, fight; hallast, to lean with the body; to lie over
impers., e-m helzt vel (illa) á e-u, one has (þá tók mjök at h. Ormrinn); á þá hal-
good (bad) luck with a thing (mér helzt lítt laðist bardaginn, the battle turned against
á sauðamönnum); h. við, to stay, remain; them; h. eptir e-u, to sway towards a thing.
h. við e-m, to resist, make a stand against hallar-búnaðr, -búningr, m. hang-
one (hélzt þá ekki við honum). ings of a hall; -dyrr, f. pl. door of a hall;
hald-góðr, a. lasting, durable. -gólf, n. floor of a hall; -veggr, m. wall
haldinn, pp. (1) in such and such a of a hall.
state; vel h., in good condition, well to do, hall-lendi, n. slope, declivity;
doing well; þungliga h., very ill; (2) satis- -lendr, a. sloping; -mæla (-ta, -t), v. to
fied with (Hrani sagðist ekki af því h. ve- speak ill of one (-mæla e-m); -mæli, n. pl.
H

ra); (3) heilu ok höldnu, safely, safe and blame, reproof; -oki, a., fara, verða hallo-
sound. ki fyrir e-m, to be overcome, defeated.
haldin-orðr, a. discreet, close; -yrði, hallr, a. (1) leaning to one side, lying

223
hallr H handa
over, sloping (vóru jakarnir hallir mjök út ham-farir.
af skerinu); bera hallt höfuðit, to carry hamingja, f. (1) guardian spirit; (2)
the head on one side; standa höllum fœti, luck, good fortune.
to stand unevenly; verðr hallt á e-n, one is hamingju-drjúgr, a. lucky; -hjól, n.
worsted; (2) biassed, partial; inclined or at- wheel of fortune; -hlutr, m. lucky
tached to one (h. til e-s or undir e-n); h. chance; -lauss, a. luckless; -leysi, n.
til illsku, prone, inclined, to evil. want of luck; -maðr, m. lucky man;
hallr, m. (1) slope, hill; (2) big stone -mikill, a. very lucky; -mót, n. lucky ap-
(enn harði hallr). pearance (-mót er á þér); -raun, f. trial
hall-æri, n. bad season, famine. of fortune; -samligr, a. lucky-looking;
halr (-s, -ir), m. poet. man. -skipti, n. turn (vicissitude) of fortune;
haltr, a. limping, lame, halting; h. ep- -skortr, m. lack of good luck; -tjón, n.
tra fœti, lame of the hind leg. bad luck.
haltra (að), v. to halt, limp. hamla, f. oar-thong, grummet; láta síga
halzi, a. indecl. holding (with gen.). á hömlu, to pull backwards (stern fore-
hamalt, a. n., only in the phrase, fylk- most); ganga e-m í hömlu (um e-t), to
ja h., to draw up in a wedge shaped column take one’s place, be a substitute for one (in
(= svínfylkja). a thing).
hamar-gnipa, f. peak of a crag; -klet- hamla (að), v. (1) to pull backwards; (2)
tr, m. crag, rock. to stop, hinder (h. e-m); (3) to maim, muti-
hamarr (gen. -s, dat. hamri, pl. ham- late (sumir vóru hamlaðir at höndum eða
rar), m. (1) hammer; hann gerði hamar fótum).
yfir, he made the sign of the hammer over hampr, m. hemp.
it; (2) back of an axe; (3) crag, precipice hamr (-s, -ir), m. (1) skin, slough; hley-
(þar stendr h. mikill fyrir þeim); þrítugur pa hömum, to cast the slough (of snakes);
h., a crag thirty fathoms high. (2) shape, form; skipta hömum, to change
hamar-rifa, f. rift in a crag; -skalli, one’s shape.
m. head of a hammer; -skaft, n. shaft of hamra-fjall, n. craggy mountain;
a hammer; -skúti, m. jutting or overhang- -klif, n. cleft between two crags.
ing crag. ham-ramr, a. (1) able to change one’s
hamars-mark, n. sign of the hammer; shape; (2) seized with warlike fury
-muðr, m. the thin end of a hammer. (berserks-gangr).
hamar-spor, n. a hammers print. hamra-skarð, n. = -klif.
hamast (að), v. refl. (1) to assume the ham-remi, f. the state of being ham-
shape of an animal (h. í arnarlíki); (2) to ramr (2).
rage (like a berserk). hams, m. (1) snake’s slough (ormar
ham-far, n., -farir, f. pl. travelling skriða or hamsi á vár); (2) husk.
in the shape of an animal (fara -fari, í ham-stoli, -stolinn, a. deprived of
-förum); -föng, n. pl. fury, frenzy; one’s wits, frantic, furious.
-hleypa, f. a human being who travels in hana-galan, f. cock-crew.
the shape of an animal; a witch that goes in handa (= til h.), prep. with dat. to, for

224
handa-band H hand-sax
(h. Oddi). -festr, f. striking a bargain by joining
handa-band, n. shaking of hands; hands; -fyllr, f. handful; -ganga, f. sur-
-festi, -festr, f. a hold for the hands. render, submission; -genginn, pp. that
hand-afl, n. strength of hand; lesa sik has become a retainer to the king (gørast
upp (to haul oneself up) með -afli. -genginn e-m); -góðr, a. handy, adroit;
handa-gangr, m. grasping after a -hafl, m. having in hand (vera -hafl at e-
thing; -gørvi, f. ‘hand-gear’, gloves; u); -haltr, a. having a lame hand; -hæ-
-kast, n. = -læti; -klapp, n. clapping of fi, n., -höfn, f. hand-instrument;
hands; -læti, n. pl. gestures with the -högg, n. hacking off one’s hand; -hög-
arms. gva (see höggva), v. to hack one’s hand
handan, adv. from beyond; heðan ok off; -iðjan, f. hand-work; -klukka, f.
h., hither and thither; fyrir h., with acc. hand-bell; -klæði, n. hand-towel;
beyond, on the other side of. -krœkjast (t), v. to make trial of strength
handar-bak, n. back of the hand; by pulling with bent hands; -kvern, f.
-gagn, n. use of the hand; leggja e-t til quern, hand-mill.
-gagns to lay it so as to be ready at hand; handla (að), v. = höndla.
-grip, n. span; -hald, n. handle; -högg, hand-lag, n. joining hands; -lami, a.
n. a blow on one’s hand; -jaðarr, m. with a lame hand; -latr, a. lazy to use
hand’s edge; vera undir -jaðri e-s, to be one’s hands; -laug, f. water for washing
in one’s hands, in one’s power; -kriki, m. the hands (bera inn -laugar); -lauss, a.
arm-pit; -mein, n. sore in the hand; -sár, handless; -leggr, m. arm, fore-arm;
n. wound in the hand; -stubbr, m. stump -lektari, m. hand-lectern; -léttir, m.
(of an arm); -stúfr, m. stump (of an lending a hand; -lín, n. sleeves; -megin,
arm); -vanr, a. handless. n. strength of hand, working power; -mei-
handa-skömm, f. shame for one’s ddr, pp. with maimed hands; -numinn,
hands; -staðr, m. print of the hands; pp. seized, caught; -rammr, a. strong-
-verk, n. pl. one’s handwork, doings. handed; -rið, n. hand-rail; -rif, n. ‘reef-
hand-bani, m. actual slayer, opp. to ing cord’, in the phrase, svipta af -rifi, to
‘ráð-bani’; -bjalla, f. hand-bell; -björg, reef a sail; -sal, n. (1) = handaband; (2)
f. ‘hand-supply’; lifa við -björg sina, to pledge, bargain; taka við -sölum á e-u, to
earn one’s own living; fœra e-n fram með undertake the trust or charge of a thing;
-björg sinni, to support a person by one’s eiga -sól við e-n, to make a bargain with
labour; -bogi, m. hand-bow, opp. to ‘lás- one; bjóða -sól fyrir e-n, to offer bail for
bogi’; -byndi, n. encumbrance (e-m verðr one; -sala (að), v. to make over (confirm)
-byndi at e-u); -bærr, a. ready at hand; by shaking hands.
-fang, n. span; -fátt, a. n. lack of hands handsala-maðr, m. bail, surety.
(-fátt varð upp at bera); -festa (-sta, handsals-maðr, m. bail, surety.
-str), v. to strike a bargain by shaking hand-sax, n. short sword, dagger; leika
H

hands, to pledge (-festa heit sitt); biskup at -söxum, to play with daggers (by throw-
-festi (betrothed) jungfrú Ingiborg; -fes- ing them in the air and catching them by
ta, f. striking a bargain by joining hands; the hilt); -seinn, a. slow with the hand;

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hang H harðna
-selja (see selja), v. to make over; -seld good shot.
sök, a suit conducted by proxy; -síðr, a. hapt, n. bond; see ‘haft’.
long-armed; -skot, n. throwing by hand, hara, v. to stare, grin (?).
opp. to ‘bogaskot’; -sleggja, f. hand- harða, adv. very (= harðla).
sledge; -sløngva, f. hand sling; harð-angr, m. hard times, distress;
-sterkr, a. strong-handed; -stinnr, a. -brjóstaðr, a. hard-hearted; -býll, a.
with brawny hands; róa -stinnan, to pull a hard householder; -drœgi, f. the being
strongly; -styrkja (t), v. -styrkja sik -drœgr; -drœgr, a. hard to manage; -ey-
upp, to haul oneself up; -styrkr, a. = gr, a. hard-eyed; -fari, m. ‘fast-goer’;
-sterkr; -tak, n. = handaband; -taka, v. -farliga, adv. harshly, vehemently;
(1) to seize, lay hold of; (2) to stipulate; -fengi, f. hardihood, valour; -fengiliga,
-tygill, m. an arm-strap; -vega (see ve- adv. = -fengliga; -fenginn, a. = -fengr;
ga), v. to weigh in the hand; -vegr, m. -fengliga, adv. hardily, valiantly; -fen-
shoulder-seam; -víss, a. quite certain; gr, a. hardy, valiant; -fenni, n. hard
-vætta (-tta, -ttr), v. = -vega; -vömm, snow; -fœri, f. stubbornness; -fœrr, a.
f. maladroitness, blundering; -øx, f. hand- hard to overcome; -görr, a. (1) hardy,
axe. stout; (2) strong built (-gört skip); -hen-
hang, n. coil (of a serpent); köttrinn di, f. hard-handedness; -hendiliga, adv.
beygði hangit (v. r. kenginn), the cat bent with hard hand; -hendr, a. hard handed;
its back. -hugaðr, a. hard-hearted.
hanga (hangi; hékk, héngum; harðindi, n. pl. (1) hardness; (2) hard-
hanginn), v. (1) to hang, be suspended ship, severity.
(hvers manns alvæpni hékk yfir rúmi harð-kvæli, n. = harmkvæli.
hans); (2) to cling to, hang fast to; weak harðla, adv. very (h. mikill, lítill).
pret. (hangdi naðran á lifrinni); (3) to be harð-leikinn, a. playing a hard, rough
hanged (gengr þú at h.). game; verða e-m -leikinn, to play roughly
hanga-guð, -týr, m. god (lord) of the with one; fá -leikit, to be roughly treated;
hanged (viz. Odin). -leikni, f. rough game; -leikr, m. hard-
hangi, m. a body hanging on a gallows ness, harshness; -leitr, a. hard-looking;
(hann settist undir hanga). -lífi, n. hard life, chastisement; -liga,
hani, m. cock. adv. (1) forcibly, sternly; (2) fast (riða
hanki, m. hasp or clasp (of a chest). -liga); -ligr, a. hard, severe; -lundaðr,
hann, pers. pron. he. a. hard-tempered; -lyndi, n. hard temper;
hann-yrð, -ørð, f. skill, fine work. -lyndr, a. = -lundaðr; -mannligr, a.
hanzki, m. glove. hardy, manly; -menni, n. hardy man;
happ, n. good luck. -móðigr, a. hard of mood; -mæli, n. hard
happa-drjúgr, a. lucky; -mikill, a. language; -mæltr, a. = -orðr.
having great luck; -ráð, n. happy counsel; harðna (að), v. (1) to harden; (2) to be-
-verk, n. happy deed. come severe (of weather); to grow worse;
happ-auðigr, a. lucky; -fróðr, a. wise harðnaði matlífi þeirra, they ran short of
in season; -samr, a. lucky; -skeytr, a. a provisions.

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harð-orðr H hauga-eldr
harð-orðr, a. hard-spoken. harm-blandinn, pp. mixed with sor-
harðr, a. (1) hard (h. steinn, skafl); (2) row; -brögð, n. pl. mournful deeds;
hard, stern, severe (h. í skapi, í hjarta); (3) -dauði, m. sorrowful death; -dauði,
hardy; fólk hart ok illit at sœkja, hardy -dauðr, a. lamented (vera -dauði e-m);
and difficult to assail; h. í horn at taka, -dögg, f. sorrow-dew, tears (poet.);
hard to take by the horns, stubborn; h. -fenginn, pp. affected by grief; -flaug,
bardagi, hard-fought battle; leika e-n bart, f. baneful shaft; -fullr, a. = harmsfullr;
to treat one harshly; ríða hart, to ride fast. -kvæli, n. pl., -kvöl, f. torments.
harð-ráðr, a. (1) firm, determined harmr (-s, -ar), m. sorrow, grief.
(maðr vitr ok -ráðr); (2) severe, tyranni- harm-saga, f. tidings of grief; -samli-
cal; -reiðr, a. hard to ride on; -rétti, n. gr, a. sad, mournful.
hardship; -ræði, n. (1) hardiness, hardi- harms-auki, m. addition to one’s grief;
hood, firmness; (2) hardness, harshness; -fullr, a. sorrowful, distressed; -léttir,
-skeyti, f. hard shooting; -skeytr, a. (1) m. relief.
shooting hard; (2) hard, severe; -skipaðr, harm-sök, f. cause of grief, sad case;
pp. manned with hardy men; -sleginn, -söngr, m. dirge; -tíðindi, n. pl. =
pp. hard-hammered; -slœgr, a. hard to -saga; -tölur, f. pl. lamentations;
mow (-slœgr teigr); -snúinn, pp. ‘hard- -þrunginn, pp. filled with grief;
twisted’, staunch, stubborn; -sóttr, pp. -þrútinn, a. swollen with sorrow.
hard to get, difficult; -steinn, m. whet- harneskja, f. harness, armour.
stone; -tœkr, a. hard, exacting; -úðigr, harpa, f. (1) harp (leika, slá hörpu); (2)
a. hard-minded; -vaxinn, pp. strong- harp-seal (era hlums vant, kvað refr, dró
built, brawny; -yrði, n. pl. hard words; hörpu at ísi).
-yrki, m. hard worker; -ýðgi, f. hardness hasla (pl. höslur), f. pole of hazel
of heart, severity. wood; hasla (að), v. to mark out by hazel-
hark, n. noise, tumult. poles; h. e-m völl, to challenge one to a
harka, f. hardness, hardiness. pitched battle or duel.
harka (að), v. (1) to scrape together (h. hastar-liga, adv. suddenly.
e-u saman); (2) e-m harkar, harkar fyrir hast-orðr, a. harsh-spoken.
e-m, things go ill with one; harkar um e- hata (að), v. (1) to hate (h. e-n); (2) to
t, it goes badly; harkast um, to be in a bad damage, destroy (poet.); (3) refl., hatast
way; (3) refl., harkast, to make a tumult. við e-n, to be full of hatred against one.
harka-geta, f. coarse, scanty food; hatr, n. hatred, enmity.
-lið, n. rabble; -menn, m. pl. tramps, hatr-liga, adv. hatefully; -ligr, a.
scamps; -samliga, adv. coarsely. hateful; -samligr, -samr, a. hateful hos-
harki, m. rubbish, trash. tile (-samr e-m).
harma (að), v. to bewail; h. sik, to wail; hatrs-fullr, a. hateful hostile.
impers., e-m or e-n harmar, it vexes one, hattr, m. hat, = höttr.
H

one is vexed. hauðr, n. poet. earth.

harman-liga, adv. sorrowfully; -ligr, hauga-eldr, m. cairn fire; -öld, f. the
a. sorrowful. age of cairn-burial, opp. to ‘brunaöld’, the

227
haug-brot H hálf-bergrisi
age of burning the dead. há, f. hide (hangir með hám).
haug-brot, n. breaking of a cairn; há-altari, m. high altar; -beinn, a.
-búi, m. ‘cairn-dweller’, ghost; -fœra high-legged, long-legged; -bjarg, n. high
(-ða, -ðr), v. to bury in a cairn; -ganga, rock; -bogaðr, a. high-curved (of a sad-
f. the breaking into a cairn. dle).
haugr (-s, -ar), m. (1) mound; (2) há-bora (að), v. to fit with rowlocks.
sepulchral mound, cairn. há-borur, f. pl. rowlocks.
haug-setja (see setja), v. = haug- há-brók, f. a kind of hawk; -brókast
fœra. (að), v. refl. to puff oneself up.
haugs-gólf, n. floor of a cairn; -gørð, háð, n. scoffing, mocking.
f. cairn-making. há-degi, n. midday, noon.
haug-staðr, m. heathen burial-place; hádegis-skeið, n. noon-tide.
-tekinn, pp. taken from a cairn. háð-samr, a. scoffing; -semi, f. mock-
haugs-öld, f. = hauga-öld. ery (með hrópyrðum ok h.).
hauka-veiðr, f. hunting with hawks. háðugr, a. shameful, disgraceful.
hauk-ligr, a. hawk-like (of the eyes). háðu-ligr, a. (1) scornful, abusive (-lig
haukr (-s, -ar), m. hawk; fleygja hau- orð); (2) disgraceful (-ligt verk).
ki, to fly a hawk. háðung, f. shame, disgrace.
haukstaldr, m., poet. man, hero. háðungar-orð, n. pl. scornful words.
hauld-, hauldr, see höld-, höldr. háð-yrði, n. pl. = hæði-yrði.
haull, m. rupture, hernia. há-fjall, n. high mountain; -fleygr,
hausa-kljúfr, m. skull-cleaver (nick- a. high-flying; -flœðr, f. full flood, high
name); -mót, n. pl. sutures of the skull. flood-tide; -fœttr, a. high-legged;
haus-brot, n. skull-fracture; -fastr, a. -leikr, m. highness; -leitligr, a. sub-
seated in the skull; -filla, f. the skin of lime; -leitr, a. looking upwards; fig.
the skull. lofty, sublime.
hauss (pl. hausar), m. skull. hála, f. giantess; hálu skær, wolf (po-
haust, n. harvest season, autumn. et.).
hausta (að), v. to draw near autumn. hálfa, f. (1) region, part (veröldin var
haust-blót, n. sacrificial feast in au- greind í þrjár hálfuir); (2) lineage, kin (fr-
tumn; -boð, n. autumn feast; -dagr, m. jálsborinn í allar hálfur); (3) af e-s hálfu,
day in autumn; at or í -degi, in autumn; on one’s behalf; on one’s part; af guðs hálfu
-gríma, f. autumn night; -heimtur, f. ok lands-laga, on behalf of God and the law
pl. getting in sheep in autumn; -langr, a. of the land.
lasting all the autumn; -mánaðr, m. au- hálf-bergrisi, m. half a giant;
tumn month, September; -víking, f. free- -dauðr, a. half dead; -ermaðr, pp. half-
booting expedition in autumn; -þing, n. sleeved; -fífl, n. half an idiot; -fullr, a.
autumn assembly; -öl, n. autumn (drink- half full; -görr, a. only half, done, left half
ing) festival. undone; -kirkja, f. annex-church, chapel
há, interj. eh! what do you say? of ease; -launat, pp. n. half rewarded;
há, f. after-grass, after-math. -litr, a. of two colours, with a different

228
hálf-neytr H hár
colour on each side; -ljóst, a. n., þá er put the foot on one’s neck; (2) bow of a ship
-ljóst var, in the twilight; -mörk, f. half or boat (Hýmir reri í hálsinum fram); (3)
a mark; -nauðigr, a. half reluctant; -nið, the front-sheet (tack) of a sail; (4) the end
n. half a lampoon. of a rope; (5) the tip of a bow (hann dregr
hálf-neytr, a. ‘half-good’; þótti Birni svá bogann, at saman þótti bera hálsana);
eigi verr en -neytt, þó at, B. was out half- (6) ridge, hill; (7) pl., góðir hálsar, good
loath, though. men! fine fellows!
hálfr, a. (1) half; h. mánaðr, half a hálsa (að), v. (1) to embrace; (2) h.
month, fortnight; til hálfs by a half; h. an- segl, to clew up the sail.
nar, þriði, fjórði, &c., one, two, three and háls-bein, n. neck-bone; -beina, n.
a half; hálft annat hundrað, one hundred neck-bone; -björg, f. gorget; -bók, f. a
and a half; h. þriði tøgr manna, twenty- book to be hung from the neck; -brotna
five men; (2) neut. ‘hálfu’, by half, with a (að), v. to break one’s neck; -brún, f. edge
comparative in an intensive sense, much, of a hill; -digr, a. thick-necked; -fang, n.
far; hálfu verri, far worse; hálfu meira, far embrace; -gjörð, f. necklace; -högg, n.
more; hálfu siðr, far less. stroke on the neck; -höggva (see högg-
hálf-risi, m. half a giant; -róinn, pp. va), v. to behead; -járn, n. neck-iron, iron
having rowed half the way; -rými, n. half collar; -langr, a. long-necked; -liðr, m.
a ‘rúm’ in a ship. neck-joint; -ljósta (see ljósta), v. to
hálfrýmis-félagar, m. pl. messmates strike one on the neck; -men, n. necklace;
in the same hálfrými; -kista, f. a chest be- -sár, n. neck wound; -slag, n. = háls-
longing to a hálfrými. högg; -stefni, n. (1) throat; (2) part of a
hálf-røkvit, a. n. half twilight; -skip- ship.
tr, pp. = -litr; -troll, n. half a giant; há-læti, n. shouting, noise; -messa, f.
-tunna, f. half a tun; -unninn, pp. half high-mass; -mælgi, f. loud talking.
done; -virði, n. half worth; -þrítugr, há-mót, n. ankle-joint; only in the
a. aged twenty-five; -þynna, f. a kind of phrase, fara í há-mót (or -mótit) eptir e-
small axe; -œrinn, a. half sufficient; m, to follow one closely, sneak along be-
-œrr, a. half mad (hann var hálf-œrr af hind one.
drykkju). há-mæli, n., fœra (bera) e-t í -mæli, to
háll, a. slippery (var hált á ísinum). speak loud of; -mæltr, pp. loud-voiced;
hál-leikr, m. slipperiness. -nefjaðr, a. high-nosed; -pallr, m. dais
hálmr (gen. -s), m. straw, haulm (þeir (in a hall).
lögðust þar niðr í hálm). hár (há, hátt), a. (1) high; á háfum
hálm-strá, n. haulm-straw; -visk, n. fjöllum, in high mountains; hæri en, high-
wisp of straw; -þúst, n. flail. er than; (2) tall (h. maðr vexti); (3) su-
háls (gen. háls, pl. hálsar), m. (1) perl. at the highest pitch; meðan hæst
neck; taka höndum um h. e-m, to embrace væri vetrar, sumars, in the depth of win-
H

one; beygja h. fyrir e-m, to bend the neck ter, in the height of summer; (4) high, glo-
to one; liggja e-m á hálsi fyrir e-t, to re- rious; hæstu hátíðir, the highest feasts; (5)
prove, blame one for; standa á hálsi e-m to loud (h. brestr); mæla hátt, to speak loud;

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hár H háttr
hón verðr há við, she becomes clamorous -steint, a. n. full of high boulders (var
or excited. hásteint í ánni).
hár (gen. hás, pl. háir), m. thole. há-stokkr, m. gunwale.
hár, n. hair (jarpr á h.). há-stóll, m. high-seat; -sumar, n.
hár, m. dog-fish. midsummer; -sæti, n. high-seat, seat of
hár-amr (= hár-hamr), m. the hairy honour (= öndvegi).
side of a skin; -bjartr, a. fair-haired. hásætis-borð, n. high-seat table;
há-reiðar, f. pl. rowlocks. -kista, f. a chest near the high-seat;
há-reysti, n. and f. noise, clamour; -maðr, m. the man in the high-seat.
-reystr, a. noisy, loud-voiced. há-talaðr, a. loud-voiced; -timbra
hár-fagr, a. fair-haired; -ferð, f. fash- (að), v. to build high; -tíð, f. festival,
ion of the hair; -hvass, a. hair-edged; feast (halda hátíð).
-klæði, n. hair cloth; -knifr, m. razor; hátíðar-aptann, m. eve of a feast;
-laug, f. washing the hair; -leppr, m. -dagr, m. festal day, holiday; -hald, n.
lock of hair. holding a feast.
hárr, a. hoary, grey-haired. hátíðis-dagr, m. = hátíðardagr.
hár-rœtr, f. pl. roots of the hair; hátíð-liga, adv. with festivity; -ligr,
-skurðr, m. cut of the hair. a. festive, festal.
hárs-litr, m. color of the hair. hátta (að), v. (1) to arrange, dispose,
hár-taug, f. string of horse-hair; with dat.; h. sér, to conduct oneself; im-
-vara, f. fur; -vöxtr, m. hair-growth. pers., háttar svá, at hann kom, he hap-
há-segl, n. top-sail. pened to come; (2) to go to bed.
há-seti, m. oarsman, opp. to ‘stýri- hátta-brigði, n. change of manners.
maðr’ (helmsman). háttaðr, pp. fashioned, conditioned
há-seymdr, pp. studded with large nails (hvernig var jörðin háttuð?); e-u er svá
(beizl háseymt). háttat, it is so made or conditioned of that
há-sin, f. Achilles’ tendon. nature or kind; yðr frændum er svá háttat,
háska-ferð, -för, f. dangerous journey you kinsmen are of that stamp.
(exploit); -lauss, a. free from danger; hátta-góðr, a. well-mannered, well.
-ligr, a. dangerous; -samliga, adv. dan- behaved; -lykill, m. key to metres;
gerously; -samligr, a. perilous; -samr, a. -skipti, n. (1) change of manners; (2)
perilous; -tími, m. time of danger; -vað, shifting of metre; -tal, n. enumeration of
n. dangerous ford; -ván, f. danger to come. metres.
há-skeptr, a. long-handled, long-shaft- hátt-prúðr, a. well-mannered, polite;
ed (háskept øx, spjót). -prýði, f. good manners.
háski, m. danger, peril. háttr (gen. háttar, dat. hætti; pl.
hás-mæltr, a. hoarse-speaking. hættir, acc. háttu), m. (1) mode of life,
háss, a. hoarse. habit, custom (rikra manna háttr); halda
há-staðr, m. high (important) place; teknum hætti, to go on in one’s usual way;
-stafir, m. pl., in the phrase, gráta (2) pl. conduct, behaviour (vanda um hát-
(œpa) -stöfum, to weep (shout) loudly; tu manna); fara vel með sínum háttum,

230
hátt-samr H hefna
to conduct oneself well; ráða sjálfr sínum hafinn), v. (1) to heave, raise, lift (h.
háttum; one’s own master; halda háttum stein); hann hóf upp augu sin, he lifted
við aðra menn, to conduct oneself proper- up his eyes; h. sik á lopt, to make a leap;
ly; (3) mode, way of doing a thing; kunna h. handa, to lift the hands (for defense);
hátt á e-u, to know how to do a thing; (4) h. höfuðs, to lift the head, be undaunted;
mikils háttar, of importance; lítils háttar, h. graut, to lift the porridge, eat it with a
insignificant; þess háttar, of that kind; alls spoon; (2) to exalt, raise in rank; h. e-n til
háttar, of every kind; á allan hátt, in every ríkis, to raise one to the throne; (3) to be-
respect; (5) moderation, measure; eptir gin; h. mál sitt, to begin one’s speech; h.
hætti, duly, properly; (6) metre. ferð, to set out on a journey, to start; h.
hátt-samr, a. well-mannered. flokk, to raise a party; h. ákall, to raise a
háttung, f. danger, risk. claim; impers., hefr e-t = hefr upp e-t, it
há-tún, n. high place. begins (hér hefr Kristnisögu); refl., hef-
hávaða-maðr, m. a noisy, self-assertive jast, to begin, originate (hvaðan af hefir
man; -mikill, a. boastful, self-assertive; hafizt skáldrskarpr?); (4) impers. to be
-samr, a. boisterous. carried, drifted (by storm or tide); höf
há-vaði, m. (1) noise, tumult; kveða e-t skipin öll saman (all the ships were drift-
upp, segja e-t, í -vaða, to proclaim loudly; ed) inn at landinu; þeir létu h. skipin
(2) loud self-assertion; (3) = hávaða-maðr. ofan forstreymis, they let the ships drift
há-vetr, m., -vetri, n. midwinter (þe- down the stream; (5) with preps., h. e-t af
gar hávetri var liðit). e-u, to take it off; impers., en er af hen-
heðan, adv. (1) hence, from this place; ni hóf öngvit (acc.), when she recovered
(2) fyrir h. hafit, on the hither side of the from her swoon; þá hóf af mér vámur allar,
sea; (3) henceforth; h. í frá, hereafter. all ailments left me; refl., hefjast af hön-
heðinn (dat. heðni), m. jacket of fur or dum e-m, to leave one; h. á rás, to take
skin; vefja (or veifa) heðni at höfði e-m, to one’s feet (= hafa á rás); refl., láta hef-
to wrap a skin round one’s head, to hood- jast fyrir, to retreat, withdraw; h. munn
wink one. sinn í sundr, to open one’s mouth; im-
heðra, adv. here, hither. pers., Birkibeina (acc.) hefr undan, the B.
hefð, f. prescriptive right (með réttri ok drew back; h. e-t upp, to lift up (hann hóf
löglegri hefð). orminn upp á hendi sér); impers., hóf
hefða (að), v. to acquire a prescriptive honum upp brýn (acc.), his face bright-
right to (h. sér e-t). ened; h. e-t upp, to begin (= hefja 3); Egill
hefðar-maðr, m. possessor, holder. hóf upp kvæðit, E. began his poem; im-
hefill (pl. heflar), m. a noose fas- pers., hér hefr upp Konunga-bók, here
tened to the edge of a sail to help in furling begins the K.; refl., hefjast upp, to begin
it; láta siga (or hleypa segli) ór heflum, to (hér hefjast upp landnám); hefjast upp til
unfurl the sail. ófriðar (með ófriði), to begin warfare; láta
H

hefil-skapt, n. a boat-hook to pull the hefjast við, to lay to (naut.).

sail down. hefla (að), v. to furl the sail.
hefja (hef; hóf, hófum; hafiðr and hefna (-da, -dr), v. to avenge, take

231
hefnd H heið-skírr
vengeance, with the thing and the person hégóma-dýrð, f. vain-glory; -fullr, a.
in gen., h. sára, to avenge the wounds, vain, vain-glorious; -maðr, m. charlatan,
h. bróður síns, to avenge one’s brother, h. quack; -mál, n. vain speech; gøra orð e-s
sín, to avenge oneself; with dat. of the at -máli, to disregard one’s words; -nafn,
person, h. e-m, to take vengeance on (sku- n. empty name, sham name.
lu við h. honum); with the thing in gen. hé-gómi, m. falsehood, jolly nonsense;
and the person in dat.; áttu honum at h. segja -góm á e-n, to slander one.
frændaláts, thou hast to avenge on him the hágóm-ligr, a. vain, false.
death of a kinsman; impers., e-m hefnir e- hegri, m. heron.
t, one pays (suffers) for a thing (svá hefndi heið, n. bright (clear) sky (veðr var bjart
honum þat mikla mikillæti); with preps., ok skein sól í heiði).
h. e-m fyrir e-t, h. e-s a e-m, to avenge a heiðar-brúin, f. edge of a heath.
thing on one; refl., hefnast, to avenge one- heiðar-lauss, a. ignominious dishon-
self (= hefna sín); h. e-s, to avenge a thing; ourable; -liga, adv. honourably; -ligr, a.
h. á e-m, to avenge oneself on a person; e- honourable.
m hefnist e-t, one has to pay (suffer) for; heiðar-vegr, m. road across a heath.
hefnast mun honum vist, the day of retri- heið-bjartr, a. serene (veðr -bjart).
bution will assuredly come to him. heið-fé, n. fee, stipend.
hefnd, f. revenge, vengeance. heiðin-dómr, m. heathendom.
hefnda-laust, adv. without retribution heiðingi (pl. -jar), m. (1) heathen,
or revenge. gentile; (2) wolf (poet.).
hefndar-dagr, m. day of vengeance; heiðingligr, a. heathen.
-maðr, m. avenger. heiðinn, a. heathen, pagan; heiðnir
hefni-leið, f. ‘way to vengeance’; róa á menn, heathens.
-leið, to set about taking vengeance; -leit, heið-maðr, m. = málamaðr.
f. seeking for vengeance; róa á -leit e-s, to heiðnast (að), v. to become heathen.
seek vengeance for; -samr, a. revengeful. heiðni, f. (1) heathenism; (2) heathen.
hegat, adv. = hingat, higat. country (= heiðit land); (3) the heathen
hegða (að), v. to arrange (h. e-u). age, the time of heathendom.
hegðan, f. conduct, behaviour. heiðr, a. bright, clear, cloudless; h.
hégeitill, m. flint. himinn, clear sky; heiðar stjörnur, bright
heggr (pl. -ir), m. bird cherry. stars.
hegla (-di, -t), v. to hail. heiðr (gen. heiðar, dat. and acc.
hegna (-da, -dr), v. (1) to hedge, pro- heiðir; pl. heiðar), f. heath, moor.
tect; (2) to punish, chastise (hegna ráns- heiðr (gen. heiðrs), m. honour.
menn, úsiðu). heiðr (gen. -ar), m. honour, worth.
hegnari, m. chastiser. heiðra (að), v. to honour.
hegnd, f. punishment, chastisement. heið-ríkr, a. cloudless, serene.
hegning, f. punishment, chastisement. heiðrs-maðr, m. man of honour.
hé-góma (að), v. to speak falsely; -góma heið-skírr, a. bright, cloudless (-skírt
á e-n, to slander one. veðr); -vanr, a. accustomed to the clear

232
heið-virðr H heilsu-bót
sky; -viðri, n. bright weather. heill, n. and f. luck, omen, foreboding;
heið-virðr, a. honest, honourable. góðu (illu) heilli, in a good (evil) hour;
heila-bust, f. crown of the head. mörg eru giptusamlig heill, there are
heilag-leikr, m. holiness; -liga, adv. many good auspices; fall er farar h., a fall
holy; -ligr, a. holy. is a good omen; hann bað þeim h. duga, he
heilagr (acc. helgan (heilagan), pl. wished them good speed; heillum horfinn,
helgir (heilagir), &c.), a. (1) holy; (2) in- forsaken by luck; ok var brugðit heillum
violable, sacred. sverðsins, the spell of the sword was bro-
heilan, f. healing. ken.
heil-brigði, f. health; -brigðr, a. heilla (að), v. to enchant, spell-bind,
hale, healthy. bewitch; heilluð ertu (thou art infatuated),
heilendi, n. good health. ef þú ætlar, etc.
heilindi, n. good health. heilla-brigð, n. pl. turn of luck; -dr-
heil-eygr, a. ‘hale-eyed’, having sound júkgr, a. fortunate, happy; -leysi, n. ill-
eyes; -fœttr, a. ‘hale-legged’; luck; -maðr, m. lucky man; -ráð, n. good
-hugaðliga, adv. sincerely, = af heilum advice, wholesome counsel; -vænligr, a.
huga; -hugaðr, a. ‘whole-minded’, sin- hopeful, promising; -vænn, a. boding good
cere. luck, promising well.
heilhuga-friðr, m. sincere peace; heil-leikr, m. (1) health; (2) sincerity,
-ráð, n. sincere purpose. uprightness; -liga, adv. fairly, candidly;
heil-hugi, m. sincere person; -hugli- -ligr, a. fair; -næmligr, a. wholesome;
ga, adv. sincerely. -ráðr, a. giving wholesome counsel; tak-
heili, m. brain, = hjarni. ing wholesome counsel; -ræði, n. wise
heili-vátgr, m. healing liquor, balm. (wholesome) counsel.
heill, a. (1) hale, sound; illa h., in ill heilsa (að), v. to say hail to one, greet
health; hann sagði at þar var vel heilt, one (= biðja e-n heilan vera), with dat.; h.
he said they were all well there; kona eigi á e-n = h. e-m.
heil, enceinte; grœða e-n at heilu, to heal heilsa, f. (1) health; (2) restoration to
one fully; (2) whole, healed, in respect of health (hann var feginn heilsu sinni); (3)
wounds or illness, with gen. (verða h. sára salvation.
sinna); er um heilt bezt at binda, it is heil-samligr, a., -samr, a. whole-
better to bind a hale than a hurt limb; (3) some, salutary.
blessed, happy; njótið heilir handa, ‘bless heilsan, f. salutation, greeting.
your hands’, well done; kom heill! wel- heil-smíðliga, adv. uprightly, fairly,
come, hail! far h., farewell! (4) whole, en- properly.
tire; h. hleifr, a whole loaf; sjau hundruð heilsu-bót, f. improvement of health,
heil, full seven hundred; (5) true, upright; recovery; -bragð, n. cure; -drykkr, m.
ráða e-m heilt, to give one a wholesome healing draught; -far, n. state of health;
H

(good) advice; af heilum hug, af heilu, sin- -gjöf, f. cure, restoration to health;
cerely; heilt ráð, wholesome advice; heil -lauss, a. in bad health; -litíll, a. in
kenning, a useful, profitable lesson. weak health; -ráð, n. means to recover

233
heil-und H heimill
one’s health; -samligr, a., -samr, a. m. a stay-at-home; hleypa -draganum, to
wholesome, salutary; -tapan, f. perdition. see the world.
heil-und, f. brain wound. heimfarar-lefi, n. = heimleyfi.
heilundar-sár, n. = heilund. heim-ferð, f. (1) going home, return
heil-vita, a. indecl. ‘hale-witted’, of home; (2) inroad into one’s home, atför,
sound mind, sane. heimsókn.
heim, adv. home, homewards; sœkja e-n heimferðar-leyfi, n. = heimleyfi.
h., to visit one; to attack one. heim-fúss, a. longing for home; -för,
heima, n. home (ganga til sins h.); at h. f. = heim-ferð; -ganga, f. going home;
mínu, at my house; eiga h., to have one’s -gás, f. tame goose; -hamr, m. one’s own
home, to live (Hallfreðr átti h. at Haukag- skin.
ili). heimila (að), v. to give a title or right to
heima, adv. at home, at, or in, one’s own a thing (heimilaði jarl þeim þat er þurfti
house (halr er heima hverr); sitja h., to re- at hafa).
main at home. heimild, f. title, right.
heima-ból, n. homestead, manor; heimildar-maðr, m. a man from whom
-bóndi, m. franklin or yeoman in a -ból; a title is derived; -tak, n. taking proper
-brunnr, m. home-well; -dyrr, f. pl. en- possession or title (-tak á skóginum).
trance to a dwelling-house; -elskr, a. fond heimilda-vandr, a. fastidious in re-
of staying at home; -fólk, n. home folk, gard to title.
household; -griðungr, m. a bull kept at heimili, n. house, home, homestead
home; -hús, n. dwelling-houses; -kona, f. (eiga h. e-s staðar).
house-maid; -land, n. home estate; -líð, heimilis-fang, n. domicile; -fastr, a.
n. = -fólk; -maðr, m. one of the house- having a fixed homestead; -hús, n. (1)
hold, a servant (= griðmaðr). closet; (2) privy; -kviðr, m. home-verdict;
heiman, adv. from home; in some -prestr, m. chaplain; -sök, f. a charge
phrases the reference is to the marriage that can be brought home to one; -vist, f.
and dowry of women. permanent habitation; vera -vistum með
heiman-búnaðr, m. preparation for a e-m, to reside with one.
journey from home; -ferð, f. journey (voy- heimill, a., e-m er e-t heimilt, one has
age) from home; -fylgja, f. the dowry a right to, is free to have a thing; heimill er
which the bride takes with her from home; maðr þeim, er hafa þurfu, the food is free
-för, f. = heiman-ferð; -förull, a. to those who need it; kvað honum heim-
strolling from home; -gengt, a. n., in the ilan sinn styrk, his help should be at his
phrase, eiga lítt -gengt, to have no time or disposal; segir, at þat var skylt ok heimilt,
opportunity to leave home. due and just; eiga heimilt (at gera e-t),
heima-prestr, m. resident priest, par- eiga e-t heimilt, to have a right (to do a
son; -seta, f. sitting at home; -sveit, f. thing), to have at one’s disposal; láta e-m
= -fólk; -taða, f. the hay from the home- e-t heimilt, to give one a right to, to place
field; -vist, f. staying at home. at one’s disposal (lét Þ. honum heimilan
heim-boð, n. invitation, feast; -dragi, hest sinn).

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heimis-garðr H heiptar-blóð
heimis-garðr, m. homestead; -haugr, heim-stöð, f. homestead.
m. ‘homestead-cairn’; -kviðr, m. = heim- heims-vist, f. living, dwelling;
iliskviðr. -þriðjungr, m. = -álfa.
heim-kváma, f. return home; -kynni, heim-sœkja (see sœkja), v. to visit.
n. home, household; -leiðis, adv. home- heimta (-mta, -mtr), v. (1) to draw,
wards (fara -leiðis); -leyfi, n. leave to go pull; h. upp akkeri, to weigh anchor; fig.,
home; -ligr, a. worldly. h. sik fram með fégjöfum, to make one’s
heimoll, a. = heimill. way by giving presents; h. sik í vináttu við
heimol-leikr, m. intimacy; -liga, e-n, to get on friendly terms with one; h.
adv. (1) with full right to possession; (2) nyt af fé, to milk cattle; (2) to get back,
privately (fá e-m e-t -liga); -ligr, adv. (1) recover, regain (þóttust þeir hafa hann ór
intimate; (2) private (heimolligr klerkr). helju heimtan); esp., to get home the
heimr (-s, -ar), m. (1) a place of abode, sheep from the summer pastures; (3) to
a region or world (níu man ek heima); claim (h. e-t at e-m); h. arf, skuld, toll, to
spyrja e-n í hvern heim, to ask one freely; claim an inheritance, debt, toll; h. vilmæli,
(2) this world (segðu mér ór heimi, ek to claim the fulfilment of a promise; h. e-
man ór helju); koma í heiminn, to be n á tal við sik, to ask for an interview with
born; fara af heiminum, to depart this life; one; (4) impers., e-n heimtir, one longs
liggja milli heims ok heljar, to lie between (slíks var ván, at þik mundi þangat h.);
life and death; (3) the earth; kringla heim- (5) refl., heimtast fram at aldri, to ad-
sins, the globe. vance in years; h. saman, to gather togeth-
heim-reið, f. (1) ride home; (2) inroad, er, join (heimtust brátt skip hans saman).
attack. heimta, f. (1) claim, demand (of pay-
heims-aldr, m. age of the world; -ál- ment due to one); (2) esp. in pl. (heim-
fa, f. quarter (part) of the world; -brestr, tur) bringing home sheep from the summer
m. crash of the world; -bygð, f. the peo- pastures (verða h. góðar).
pled world. heimting, f. claim, demand.
heimska, f. folly, nonsense. heimull, a. = heimoll, heimill.
heimsk-liga, adv. foolishly; láta -liga, heim-ván, f. (1) prospect of coming
to play the fool; -ligr, a. foolish, silly home; (2) prospect of salvation.
(heimsklig orð). hein, f. hone, whetstone.
heimskr, a. foolish, silly; verðr opt hei- heinar-smjör, -sufl, n. the grease or
tum h. maðr feginn, fair words often make liquor which mowers put on the whetstone.
a fool s heart rejoice. hein-berg, n. hone-quarry; -brýni, n.
heimsku-verk, n. foolish deed. hone, whetstone.
heims-liga, adv. = heimskliga. heipt, f. (1) feud, deadly war; vinna e-
heim-sókn, f. (1) visit; (2) inroad, at- m h., to wage war against one; deila heip-
tack on one’s home (veita e-m -sókn). tir, to wage deadly feud; (2) deadly hatred,
H

heims-slit, n. pl. the end of the world; spite (meirr af h. en ást); h. ok harðindi,
-sól, f. the sun; undir heims-sólu, on ill-will and tyranny; hafa h. á e-m, to hate.
earth. heiptar-blóð, n. bloodshed;

235
heipt-fenginn H hel
-fenginn, a. breathing hatred against heita (heitta, heittr), v. (1) to heat
one; -hugr, m. wrath, hatred (hafa -hug á (h. spjót í eldi); (2) to brew (h. mungát, h.
e-m); -mál, n., -orð, n. pl. words breath- öl).
ing hatred. heita, f. brewing (cf. ölheita).
heipt-fenginn, a. = heiptarfenginn; heitan, f. threatening.
-gjarn, a. spiteful; -móðr, a. wrathful; heitanar-orð, n. pl. menaces.
-mögr, m. foeman, adversary; -rækr, a. heitast (að), v. refl. to make threats, to
vindictive, revengeful; -úð, f. deadly ha- speak threateningly (aldrei heitaðist hann
tred, revengefulness; -yrði, n. pl. words of við úvini sina); h. til e-s, to use threats to
hatred. obtain a thing; h. at gera e-t, to threaten to
heit, n. (1) solemn promise, vow; efla do a thing.
(stofna, festa) heit, to make a vow; heit-bundinn, pp. bound by a vow (í e-
strengja e-s h., to make a solemn vow; (2) u við e-n); -fastr, a. true to one’s word;
pl. threats (hann stóð undir heitum ok il- -fengi, f. the being -fengr; -fengr, a.
lyrðum). able to eat one’s food burning hot; -fé, n.
heita (heit; hét, hétum; heitinn), votive money; -guð, m. a god to whoin one
v. (1) to call give a name to; Grímni mik inakrs a vow.
hétu, they called me G.; heitinn eptir e- heiti, n. name, denomination.
m, called (named) after one; (2) to call on heitingar, f. pl. threats, imprecations
one; h. e-n á brott, to call on one to be (h. ok hrakning).
gone, bid one go (heitit mik héðan); h. á heit-kona, f. one’s promised spouse;
e-n, to exhort one (in battle); to invoke (h. -orð, n. promise (of marriage).
á hinn heilaga Ólaf); h. á e-n til e-s, to in- heitr, a. (1) hot, burning; eldi heitari,
voke (appeal to) one for a thing (hann hét hotter than fire; e-m verðr heitt, one gets
á Þór til fulltings); (3) intrans., the pres. warm; (2) hot, ardent, zealous (verða h.
‘heiti’ (not ‘heit’), to be hight, be called; við e-t).
Óðinn ek, nú heiti, now I am called Odin; heit-ramr, a. boasting, braggart.
Ólafr heiti ek, my name is O.; Úlfr hét heit-rof, n. breach of faith; -rofi, m.
maðr, there was a man, whose name was promise-breaker.
U.; bœr heitir á Bakka (at búrfelli), there heitsi, a., verða e-s h., to engage, one-
is a farm called B.; h. (to be reckoned) fr- self to a thing.
jáls maðr, hvers manns níðingr; (4) with heit-strenging, f. making a solemn
dat. to promise (h. e-m e-u); mantu, hver- vow; -strengja (-da, -dr), v. to vow
ju þú hézt mér, do you remember what you solemnly (= strengja e-s heit); -söngr,
promised me? h. e-m hörðu, to threaten m. votive song.
one; Bárði var heitit meyjunni, the maid heitu-hús, n. brew-house; -ketill, m.
was promised to B.; (5) refl., heitast, to boiler; -maðr, m. brewer.
vow, plight one’s faith (þeir hétust reka hekla, f. cowled or hooded frock.
Hákon ór landi); h. e-m, to vow one’s per- hel (gen. heljar, dat. helju), f. (1)
son to one (h. hinum heilaga Ólafi konun- Hel (the goddess of death); blár sem h.,
gi); to be betrothed to one. black as Hel; (2) abode of the dead (gráta

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héla H helti
Baldr ór helju); leysa höfuð sitt ór helju, holy place.
to save oneself from death; rasa í helina helgr (gen. helgar, dat. and acc.
opna, to rush into open death; liggja á hel- helgt; pl. helgar), f. holiday, festival;
jar þremi, to be on the verge of death; (3) hringja til helgar, to ring for a festival.
death (þykkir ekki betra líf en hel); berja hel-gráðr, m. voracity betokening
e-n grjóti í hel, to stone one to death. death; -grindr, f. pl. Hel’s gate.
héla, f. hoar frost, rime. heljar-karl, m. (1) accursed fellow; (2)
héla (héldi, héldr), v. to cover with one doomed to die; -maðr, m. (1) accursed
rime; to fall as rime. fellow; (2) one doomed to die; -skinn, n. a
hel-blár, a. black as death. dark-skinned person.
heldr, adv. compar. (1) more, rather; h. heljast, v. refl. to work hard (hann hel-
en, rather than, more than (vápn þeirra jast á skálasmíð).
bitu eigi h. en vendir); (2) at h., any the hella, f. flat stone, slab of rock.
more; also, all the more (at h. tveimr, at hella (-ta, -t), v. to pour out (h. e-u);
ek mynda gjarna veita yðr öllum); at hel- var hellt í þik mjólk, milk was poured in-
dr þótt, even although; (3) rather (nú var- to thy mouth; h. út blóði, tárum, to shed
tu h. til skjótr, en ek h. til seinn); var blood, tears.
brúðrin döpur h., the bride was rather hellir (gen. hellis, dat. and acc.
sad; (4) after a negative, but, on the con- helli; pl. hellar), m. cave, cavern.
trary. hellis-berg, n. cavernous rock; -dyrr,
heldri, a. compar. better; helztr, a. f. pl. door (entrance) of a cave; -maðr, m.
superl. best; í heldra lagi, in a high de- cave-dweller, outlaw; -munni, m. mouth
gree; þykkir mönnum sá helztr kostr, the of a cave; -skúti, m. jutting cave.
best choice. hellna-grjót, n. flat stones, slabs.
hel-fúss, a. murderous (-fúss hönd); hellu-steinn, m. flat stone, slab.
-för, f. death. helma, f. haulm, straw.
helga (að), v. (1) h. sér land to appro- helming, f. = helmingr.
priate land by performing sacred rites; (2) helminga (að), v. to halve.
to hallow to one (hét hann at helga Þór allt helminga-skipti, n. division in two
landnám sitt); (3) h. þing, to proclaim the equal portions.
sanctity of a meeting; h. e-n, to proclaim helmingr (-s, -ar), m. half; at helmin-
a person inviolable; (4) refl., helgast to he gi, by half; skipta í helminga, to share in
sanctifled. two equal portions.
hel-galdr, m. death-dirge. helmings-félag, n. joint company
helgan, f. (1) sanctification, sanctity; (with equal shares).
(2) sacrament. helsi, n. collar, esp. for a dog.
helgar-fríðr, m. holiday-truce. hel-skór, m. pl. shoes for the dead;
helgi, f. (1) holiness, sanctity (h. Ólafs -stafir, m. pl. baneful characters;
H

konungs); (2) inviolability, security. -strið, n. agony.

helgi-brigði, n. Sabbath-breaking; heltast (t), v. refl. to become lame.
-hald, n. holiday-keeping; -staðr, m. helti, f. lameness.

237
hélu-fall H heraðs-bóndi
hélu-fall, n. fall of rime; -kaldr, a. oneself.
rime-cold; -þoka, f. rime-fog, mist. henta (-nti, -nt, or að), v. to fit, be
hel-vegr, m. the way to Hel; -víti, n. suitable for (sárum mönnum hentir betr
hell, the abode of the damned. mjólk en mungát); eigi hentir svá, it will
helvítis-kvalir, f. pl. torments of hell; not do that way.
-maðr, m. a man doomed to hell. henti-ligr, a. befitting, = hentr.
helvízkr, a. hellish, infernal. hent-leikr, m. opportunity.
helzt, adv. superl. (cf. ‘heldr’), most hentr, a. fit, suited for one; er slíkum
of all, especially (hefi ek þat helzt í hug mönnum bezt hent þar, there is the right
mér). place for such men.
helzti, adv. far too (= helzt til); h. len- hentug-leikr, m. = hentleikr.
gi, far too long. hentugr, a. befitting, convenient.
helztr, a. superl., see ‘heldri’. heppi-fengr, a. making a good catch.
hemingr, m. the skin of the shanks. heppinn, a. lucky, fortunate.
henda (henda, hendr), v. (1) to catch hepta (-pta, -ptr), v. (1) to bind, fet-
with the hand (hann kastaði heininni í ter; h. hross, hest, to hobble a horse; (2) to
lopt upp, en allir vildu h.); to pick out or impede, hinder (illt er flýjanda at h.); h.
up (hann safnar mönnum til at h. svínin); sik, to restrain oneself, forbear; refl. to be
h. e-t augum, to catch with the eyes; h. til thwarted (heptist ferð þeirra).
smátt ok stórt, to pick up small and great hepti, n. haft (of a dirk).
alike, look closely after; h. gaman (skem- hepting, f. tether; impediment.
tan) at e-u, to take a delight in (hann hen- hepti-sax, n. a kind of digger.
di skemtan at sögum ok kvæðum); h. hér, adv. (1) here; á landi h., in this
sakir á e-m, to pick up charges against one; country; h. ok hvar, here and there; (2)
(2) to touch, concern one (tíðendi þau, er here, hither (margir þeir er h. koma); (3)
bæði okkr henda); (3) to befall, happen with preps., h. af, here from, from this; h.
to one; þá hafði hent glœpska mikil, they eptir, hereafter, according to this; h. fyrir,
had committed a great folly; hann kvað þat for this, therefore; h. til, hereto; h. um, in
dugandi menn h. (it happened to brave this, as regards this.
men) at falla í bardögum. herað, n. (1) district; (2) country, opp.
hendi-langr, a. helpful, ready to help to ‘bœr’ (town).
(vera e-m -langr um e-t). heraðs-bóndi, m. franklin; -bót, f.
hending (pl. -ar), f. (1) catching; var bettering the affairs of a district; -brestr,
í hendingum með þeim, they were near m. a crash that can be heard all over the
coming to close quarters; (2) rhyme or asso- district; -bygð, f. a district and its people;
nance; rhyming or assonating syllable. -deild, f. district quarrel; -fteygr, a.
hendingar-orð, n. rhyming syllable. quickly known over a district; -flótti, m.
hendi-samr, a. picking, thievish. flight or exile from a district; -fundr, m.
hengi-skafl, m. jutting heap of snow. district meeting; -íseta, f. = heraðs-vist;
hengja (-da, -dr), v. to hang up, sus- -kirkja, f. parish church; -konungr, n.
pend; to hang on a gallows; h. sik, to hang kinglet; -ríkr, a. of influence in one’s dis-

238
herað-vært H Herjan
trict; -sekr, a. outlawed within a district; herðar, f. pl. shoulders, the upper part
-sekt, f. outlawry within a district; of the back.
-stjórn, f. district government; -vist, f. herðar-blað, n. shoulder blade.
abiding within a certain district; -vært, herða-sár, n. a wound over the shoul-
a. n., eiga -vært, to be at liberty to reside ders; -toppr, m. shoulder tuft (of a
within a district; -þing, n. district assem- horse’s mane).
bly (in contrast to the ‘alþingi’). herði, f. hardness, hardihood.
herað-vært, a. n. = heraðs-vært. herði-breiðr, a. broad-shouldered;
her-baldr, m. poet., warrior. -lítill, a. = herðalítill; -lútr, a. with
her-bergi, n. (1) room; (2) lodgings, stooping shoulders.
quarters (var þeim vísat fyrst í gestahús herði-maðr, m. hardy man.
til herbergis). herði-mikill, a. = herði-breiðr;
herbergis-maðr, m., -sveinn, m. -þykkr, a. thick-shouldered.
groom of the chamber. herðu-góðr, a. well tempered (øx
herbergja (-ða, -ðr), v. (1) to harbour herðugóð ok snarpegg).
(a person); (2) to lodge, take up one’s quar- her-draga (see draga), v. to drag vio-
ters (= h. sik). lently (at grípa, slá, eða h.).
her-blástr, m. blast of trumpets; her-fang, n. booty (taka fé e-s at -fan-
-boð, n. war summons; -brestr, m. ex- gi); -fenginn, pp. captured, taken by
plosion; -búðir, f. pl. camp; -búinn, pp. force; -ferð, f. (1) warfare, military expe-
armed; -búnaðr, m. armament. dition; (2) host.
herða (-rða, -rðr), v. (1) to make hard, herfi, n. harrow.
temper (h. járn, sverð); (2) to press, herfi-liga, adv. wretchedly; -ligr, a.
clench; h. hendr (knúa) at e-u, to clench wretched.
with the hands (fists); fig., h. atgöngu, to her-fjöturr, m. ‘war-fetter’;
make the attack harder; (3) to make firm, -flokkr, m. body of warriors; -fólk, n.
exhort; h. huginn, h. sik, to take heart, men of war; -fórur, f. pl. harness;
exert oneself; (4) absol. to follow closely, -fœrr, a. able for war service; -för, f.
pursue vigorously (Birkibeinar herðu eptir = -ferð (1); -ganga, f. march; -gjarn, a.
þeim); h. áfram, to push on; h. at (e-m) warlike; -glötuðr, m. destroyer of hosts;
to press hard (upon one); (5) impers. to be- -hlaup, n. rushing to arms; -horn, n.
come hard; veðr (acc.) herði, it blew up war trumpet.
a gale; herði seglit, the sail was strained heri, m. hare; hafa hera hjarta, to be
hard (by the gale); (6) refl. to take heart hare-hearted.
(bað konungr menn vel við herðast). herja (að), v. (1) to go harrying or free-
herða, f. (1) tempering (of steel), steel- booting; (2) with acc. to despoil, waste (h.
ing; (2) hardness, severity. land); refl., herjast á, to harry (wage war
herða-drengr, m. hump on the back on) one another.
H

(cf. ‘herðar’); -lítill, a. narrow shoul- herja-föðr, m. father of hosts, Odin.

dered; -munr, m. superiority, superior herjan, m. Lord of hosts (a name of
force. Odin).

239
herjans-kerling H her-skapr
herjans-kerling, f. hag; -sonr, m. wax angry with a thing.
‘devil’s limb’, wretch. hérna, adv. here (= hér).
her-kastali, m. castle, stronghold. hernaðar-fólk, n., -menn, m. pl.
her-kerling, f., only in ‘hver -ker- plunderers, forayers; -ráð, n. pl. a plan-
ling’, every old woman. ning for plunder; -sök, f. a case of raid.
herkja, v. to drag oneself along. hernaðr (gen. -ar), m. (1) harryng,
her-klukka, f. alarm-bell; -klæða plundering; (2) warfare, raid, foray (hefja
(-dda, -ddr), v. to clothe in armour; refl., hernað, fara í hernað).
-klæðast, to put on armour; -klasti, n. her-nema (see nema), v. to capture,
pl. armour; -konungr, m. warrior-king; take by force.
-kumbl, -kuml, n. war token, arms (on herneskja, f. armour.
shields). her-numi, a., -numinn, pp. captive;
hér-kváma, f. arrival. -óp, n. war-cry, war-whoop.
her-land, n. harried land; -leiða herr (gen. hers, older herjar), m.
(-dda, -ddr), v. to lead off into captivity; (1) crowd, great number (fylgdi oss h.
-leiðing, f. captivity; -leiðsla, f. = her- manna); með her manns, with a host of
leiðing. men; úvígar h., overwhelming host; (2)
hér-lendr, -lenzkr, a. domestic, na- army, troops (on land and sea). Cf. ‘allsh-
tive, opp. to ‘útlenzkr’ (foreign). erjar-’.
her-lið, n. war-people, troops; -ligr, herra (indecl. in sing.; pl. herrar),
a. marlial-looking; -lúðr, m. war trumpet m. master, lord.
(þeyta h.). herra (að), v. to confer the title ‘herra’
herma (-da, -dr), v. (1) to relate, re- upon a person.
peat, report (h. orð e-s); (2) h. eptir e-m, herra-dómr, m., -dœmi, n. lordship;
to imitate or mimic one. dominion; -ligr, a. lordly; -maðr, m.
her-maðr, m. man of war, warrior lordly man, lord, knight.
(hann var mikill h.). herramann-liga, adv. in a lordly man-
hermann-liga, adv. gallantly; -ligr, ner; -ligr, a. lordly.
a. gallant, martial. herra-samligr, a. = herraligr.
hermast (d), v. refl. to wax wroth (e-m her-saga, f. war-news.
hermist við e-n). hers-borinn, pp. born of a hersir.
hermd, f. vexation, aimer. hers-höfðingi, m. commander of an
hermdar-fullr, a. wrathful; -litr, m. army; general.
colour of wrath; -orð, n. pl. angry words; hersir (-is, -ar), m. a local chief lord
-verk, n. deed of renown (?); -yrði, n. pl. (in Norway).
= -orð. herskapar-búningr, m. warlike
her-megir, m. pl. warriors. equipment; -fœri, n. implement of war.
hermi-kráka, f. mimic, ape. her-skapr, m. harrying, warfare;
hermi-liga, adv. right angrily. -skár, a. (1) warlike, martial; (2) exposed
herming, f. indignation, wrath. to raid or warfare, in a state of war (landit
hermt, pp. n., e-m verðr h. við e-t, to var þá herskátt; í þann tíma var mjók

240
herstast H hey-gjöf
-skátt); -skip, n. warship; -skjöldr, m. m. noise (din) of horsemen; -járn, n. pl.
war shield; fara land -skildi, to harry a horse-shoes; -keyrsla, f. driving the hors-
land (= herja land); -skrúð, n., -skrúði, es on, in horse-fight; -kostr, m. supply of
m. harness; -skrýddr, pp. clad in ar- horses (hafa lítinn -kost); -líð, n. horse-
mour; -spori, m. caltrop. men; -maðr, m. = -svein; -skipti, n.
herstast (st), v. refl. to speak harshly change of horses; -stafr, m. horse staff
to one (h. á e-n). (used in a horse-fight); -stallr, m. =
hersti-ligr, a. harsh. hest-hús; -sveinn, m. horse boy, groom;
her-stjóri, m. commander; -stjórn, -vað, n. horse ford; -víg, n. horse-fight;
f. command of troops. -þing, n. a meeting for a public horse-
herstr, a. harsh; mæla herst við e-n, to fight.
speak harshly to one. hest-bak, a. horse-back; -bein, n.
her-taka (see taka), v. to capture; horse bone; -birgr, a. = hestabirgr;
-taka konu, to abduct a woman; -taka, -brynja, f. armour for a war-horse; -bú-
f. captivity; -taki, m. captive; -tekja, naðr, m. horse-gear; -fœrr, a. able to
-tekning, f. = -taka. ride; -gangr, m. set of horse shoes;
hertoga-dómr, m. leadership; duke- -gjöf, f. gift of a horse; -hús, n. horse-
dom; -dœmi, n. duchy; -nafn, n. title of stall, stable; -klárr, m. hack; -lán, n.
a duke. loan of a horse; -lauss, a. without a horse.
her-togi, m. (1) commander of troops; hestr (-s, -ar), m. (1) stallion (hestar
(2) duke; -váðir, f. pl. armour; -vápn, n. þrír ok merhross eitt); (2) horse.
pl. weapons; -vegr, m. highway; -virki, hest-skeið, n. race-course; -skór, m.
n. ravaging, plundering, damage. horse-shoe; -tönn, f. horse’s tooth;
hér-vist, f. dwelling here. -verð, n. horse’s worth; -víg, n. = hesta-
her-vígi, n. ravage, man-slaughter; víg; -vörðr, m. mounted guard (halda
-víkingr, m. plunderer, pirate; -væða hestvörð).
(-dda, -ddr), v. = -klæða. hetja, f. hero, dauntless man.
herzla, f. tempering (of steel). hetju-skapr, m. courage, valour.
her-þurft, f. want of troops; -ör, f. hetta, f. (1) hood; (2) a kind of cape.
‘war-arrow’ (sent round as a to of war); hey (dat. heyi or heyvi), n. hay; hirða
skera upp -ör, to summon a district to h., to get in hay; pl. stores of hay (hann
arms. hefir rænt mik öllum heyjum).
hesli, n. hazel-wood; -kylfa, f. hazel hey-annir, f. pl. hay-making time, hay-
club; -skógr, m. hazel-wood; -stöng, f. ing season; -björg, f. stores of hay (varð
hazel-pole; -vöndr, m. hazel wand. all-lítil -björg manna); -des, f. hay-rick;
hespa, f. (1) hasp, fastening; (2) skein -fang, n. produce of hay; -fátt, a. n.,
(of wool). var -fátt, there was little hay; -garðr, m.
hesta-at, n. horse-fight; -birgr, a. stack-yard.
H

Well provided with horses; -geldir, m. heygja (-ta, -tr), v. to bury in a how
horse gelder; -geymsla, f. horse keeping; (haugr), = haugfœra.
-gneggjan, f. neighing of horses; -gnýr, hey-gjöf, f. giving hay (to horses or

241
heyja H himna-brauð
cows); -hjálmr, m. hay-rick; -hlass, n. listened to, paid heed to, esteemed (biskup
load of hay. vel heyrðr).
heyja (hey; háða, háiðr), v. (1) to heyri-ligr, a. becoming; mér er -ligt
hold, conduct (h. þing, dóm); h. gleði to at, it is incumbent on me to.
indulge in mirth; h. sér orðfjölda to ac- heyrin-kunnigr, -kunnr, a. well
quire a store of words; (2) h. orrostu, known, known to all.
bardaga, hólmgöngu to fight a battle or heyrn, f. hearing; í h. e-m, in one’s
duel (hann hafði margar orrostur háðar); hearing; sumt ritaði hann eptir sjálfs síns
refl., heyjast við (viz. bardaga), to fight, h., from what he heard himself.
bandy words (þeir háðust þar við um heyrum-kunnr, a. = heyrin-kunnr.
stund). hey-sala, f. sale of hay; -stái, n. the
heykjast (t), v. refl. to bend, cower middle of a hay-stack; -taka, f. plunder of
down (h. niðr). hay; -teigr, m. strip of a hayfield; -tjú-
hey-kleggi, m. = hey-des; -kostr, m. ga, f. pitchfork; -verð, n. payment for
stores of hay; -lauss, a. short of hay; hay; -verk, n. hay making; -vöndull,
-leiga, f. rent paid in hay; -leysi, n. fail- m. wisp of hay; -þrot, n. want of hay;
ure in hay; -lítill, a. short hay; var hey- -þrota, a. indecl. short of hay; -önn, f. =
litit, there was little hay. -annir.
heyra (-ða, -ðr), v. (1) to hear; h. hifna-, = himna-.
heyrir þat, er gras grœr á jörðu, hears the higat, adv. = hingat.
grass grow; h. illa, hard of hearing; h. e- hildi-leikr, m. game of war, battle (po-
t til e-s, to hear (a sound) from one; hefir et.); -meiðr, m. warrior (poet.).
hvárki heyrt til hans styn né hosta, nei- hildingr (-s, -ar), m. chief, hero.
ther groan nor cough has been heard from hildr (gen. hildar, dat. and acc. hil-
him; heyrir blástr (acc.) hans í alla heima, di), f. battle (poet.); vekja bildi, to wage
when he blows, it can he heard in all the war, to fight.
worlds; (2) to listen to, give ear to; h. bœn hilmir (gen. -is), m. chief, prince.
e-s, to listen to (to grant) one’s prayer; h. himbrin, n. great northern diver.
á e-t, to listen (= hlýða á e-t); (3) h. til e- himin-bora, f. = -rauf; -fastr, a. fixed
s or e-m til, to belong to, concern (þetta in heaven (of stars); -geisli, m. heavenly
mál, er heyrir til dóttur þinnar); þat er beam; -jöðurr, m. the rim of heaven;
til mín heyrir, as far as I am concerned; -lopt, n. the vault of heaven.
(4) with dat. to behave (mér heyrir eigi at himinn (gen. himins, dat. himni; pl.
þegja við yðr); (5) refl. e-m heyrist e-t, himnar), m. heaven; undir berum himi-
one thinks he hears; þá heyrðist þeim öl- ni, in the open air.
lum sem sveinninn kvæði þetta, they all himin-raufar, f. pl. the windows of
thought they heard the boy say this (verse). heaven; -ríki, n. kingdom of heaven;
heyrandi (pl. -endr), m. hearer; í -skaut, n. quarter of heaven; -tungl, n.
heyranda (gen. pl.) hljóði, in the hearing heavenly body; -vangr, m. field of heaven
of all, in public. (á -vanga).
heyrðr, pp. (1) able to hear (h. vel); (2) himna-brauð, n. bread of heaven, man-

242
himneskr H hita
na; -dróttinn, m. king of heaven; -fag- konungr).
naðr, m. heavenly joy; -mjöl, n. flour of hirða (-rða, -rðr), v. (1) to keep in a
heaven, manna; -ríki, n. kingdom of heav- box or chest (Ásgerðr hirði slœðurnar, þar
en; -vald, n. heavenly power; -vist, f. sem áðr vóru); (2) h. hey, to gather in hay;
abode in heaven. (3) to hide, conceal; (4) to mind, care for
himneskr, a. heavenly. (aldregi hirði ek þat); h. eigi um e-t, not
hind, f. hind (female of ‘hjörtr’). to care about (þeir hirðu ekki um líf sitt);
hindra (að), v. (1) to keep behind, hin- hirð eigi, hirðit eigi, do not seek (hirð eigi
der; (2) to loiter, linger; h. eptir e-u, to loi- þú at hopa á hæl!).
ter about a thing; (3) impers., e-n hindrar hirð-biskup, m. king’s bishop;
e-t, one wants or lacks a thing. -bróðir, m. comrade of the king’s men;
hindri, a. compar. (rare), hindra dags, -búnaðr, m. apparel for king’s man.
the next day. hirðir (-is, -ar), m. herdsman, shep-
hindr-vitni, f. idolatry, superstition. herd; pastor.
hingat, adv. hither; -burðr, m. the hirð-lið, n. the king’s troops; -ligr, a.
birth of Christ; -ferð, f. journey hither; belonging to the king’s men, courtly (-lig
-för, f. journey hither; -kvæma, f. coming málsnild); -lög, n. pl. laws and statutes
hither, arrival. of the king’s men, their community or fel-
hinka (að), v. to limp, hobble. lowship (taka e-n í -lög); -maðr, m. king’s
hinkr, n. loitering, delay. men.
hinn (hin, hitt), dem. pron. (1) the hirðmanna-lúðr, m. a trumpet be-
other; á hinn fótinn, on the other leg; pl. longing to the king’s men; -stefna, f. a
the others, the rest (Kimbi bar sár sín en- hustings of the king’s men.
gan mun betr en hinir); (2) emphatically, hirð-mær, f. court lady; -prestr, m.
that; hitt ek hugða, that was what I king’s chaplain; -prúðr, a. cour teous;
thought; hitt vil ek vita, that I want to -prýði, f. royal pomp; -siðir, m. pl. the
know. customs of the king’s men; -stefna, f.
hinn (hin, hit), def. art., before an meeting of the king’s men; -stjóri, m. the
adjective standing alone or followed by a captain of the king’s men; -stjórn, f. the
substantive, the, = inn, enn (eptir hinni dignity of a stjóri; -stofa, f. king’s hall;
eystri kvísl). -sveit, f. the host of king’s men; -vist, f.
hinna, f. film, membrane. the position of a king’s man.
hinnig (= hinneg, hinnog), adv. (1) hirðu-leysa, f. carelessness, neglect.
there, in the other place, opp. to ‘hér’; (2) hirsi, n. millet.
the other way (= hinn veg); (3) thus, so; hirta (-rta, -rtr), v. to chastise.
(4) the other day formerly; (5) hither. hirting, f. chastisement.
hinztr (hinnstr), a. superl. hind- hirtingar-lauss, a. unchastised;
most, last; hinzta sinni, for the last time; -leysi, n. want of chastisement; -orð, n.
H

h. fundr, the last meeting. pl. severe words; -samr, a. severe.

hirð, f. a king’s or earl’s bodyguard; the hirzla, f. (1) keeping; (2) box, chest.
king’s men (hann hefir á h. um sik sem hita, f. heating, heat.

243
hiti H hjá
hiti, m. heat, warmth. hjalt-land, n. Shetland; -lendingr
hitna (að), v. to become hot; impers., (-s, -ar), m. Shetlander; -lenzkr,
e-m hitnar, one gets hot (warm). -neskr, a. from Shetland.
hitta (-tta, -ttr), v. (1) to hit upon, hjara, f. hinge, = hjarri.
meet with one; h. ráð, to hit upon a device; hjarðar-sveinn, m. = hjarð-sveinn.
h. leiðina, to find one’s way; absol., h. inn hjarð-hundr, m. shepherd’s hound;
í váginn, to find the way into the bay; sjal- -reki, m. = -sveinn; -rækr, a. able to
dan hittir leiðr í lið, an unwelcome guest drive a drove; -sveinn, m. shepherd boy;
always misses the feast; h. í vandræði, to -tík, f. shepherd’s dog.
get into scrapes; h. á e-t, to hit upon (hitti hjarn, n. hard frozen snow.
hann þar á þórolf); (2) to hit, strike hjarna (að), v. to revive, recover
(spjótit hitti í brjóst hestsins); (3) to visit, strength (h. við).
call on, see (fóru þá margir menn at h. hjarni, m. brain, = heili.
Hákon konung); (4) refl., hittast, to meet hjarn-skál, m. brain pan, skull.
one another; hann bað þá vel fara ok heila hjarri, m. hinge.
h. (meet again safe and sound). hjarsi, m. the crown of the head.
hitu-eldr, m. a fire for heating (brew- hjarta (pl. hjörtu, gen. hjartna) n.
ing); -hús, n. brew-house; -ketill, m. (1) heart; (2) mind, feeling.
boiler. hjarta-blauðr, a. cowardly; -blóð, n.
hixta (-xta, -xt), v. to hiccough; to sob; heart’s blood; -góðr, a. kind-hearted;
meðan í önd hixti, while the breath rattled -ligr, a. hearty; -prúðr, a. stout-heart-
in his throat. ed, generous; -prýði, f. stoutness of heart,
hixti, m. hiccough; sobbing. courage; -ragr, a. = -blauðr; -rœtr, f.
hí-býli, n. see ‘hý-býli’. pl. heart strings; -sár, n. heart wound;
híð, n. lair, den, esp. of a bear. -tregi, m. heart-ache.
híð-björn, m. common bear. hjart-blóð, n. = hjarta-blóð; -fól-
hít, f. skin-bag. ginn, pp. heart-felt, cherished in heart;
hjal, n. chatter, talk. -mörr, m. the fat about the heart;
hjala (að), v. to chatter, talk (h. e-n); -næmr, a. heart-touching; -sári, a. heart-
hjalast við, to talk together. sore, broken-hearted.
hjaldr (-rs), m. fight, battle (poet.). hjart-skinn, n. deer-skin (hjartskinns
hjal-drjúgt, a. n. talkative, chatting; glófar).
þeim verðr -drjúgt, they have much to say. hjassi, m. see ‘hjarsi’.
hjalli, m. ledge in a mountain side. hjassi, m. a fabulous beast.
hjallr, m. (1) scaffold, frame of timber; hjá, prep. with dat. (1) by, near; liggja
(2) shed (for drying fish). (sitja) h. e-m, to lie (sit) by one; sofa
hjals-kona, f. female friend. (hvíla) hjá e-m, to sleep with one; h. du-
hjalt, n. (1) the boss or knob at the end runum, near (close to) the door; (2) by,
of a sword hilt (eptra, efra hjaltit); (2) the with; vera h. e-m, to stay with one; vera í
guard between the hilt and blade (fremra gistingu h. e-m, to lodge with one; maðr
hjaltit). einn var eptir h. honum, was left with

244
hjá-bú H hjúpa
him; (3) present; svá at Flosi var h., in the helplessness; -ráð, -ræði, n. helping ad-
presence of F.; (4) past, by; fara, ganga h. vice; help, means of saving; -samligr, a.
e-m, to go by, pass one (mánaði síðarr fóru helpful, salutary; -semd, f. help, salvation;
þeir h. mér kátir); farast h., to pass by one -vænligr, a. promising help, likely to
another; fara h. sér, to go beside oneself; help, salutary; -vænn, a. = -vænligr.
fram h. Knafahólum, past K.; þeir riðu h. hjá-máll, a. refractory, obstinate;
fram, they rode by; (5) in comparison with -staða, f. assistance; -stigr, m. by-path;
(to); höfðu þeir fátt kvikfjár h. því sem -tœkr, a. missing one’s hold; -vera,
þurfti, they had few live stock in compari- -vist, f. presence.
son with what was needed. hjól, n. wheel (vagnar á hjólum); brjóta
hjá-bú, n. out-lying estate; -hvíla, f. á hjóli, to break (a person) on the wheel.
concubinage; -kona, f. concubine; hjól-vagn, m. cart on wheels.
-leikr, m. trick. hjón or hjún, n. (1) one of the household
hjálmaðr, pp. helmed. (griðkona var hit þriðja h.); (2) pl. mar-
hjálm-barð, n. helmet-rim; -bönd, n. ried couple, man and wife (Höskuldr bað
pl. helmet strings; -drótt, f. helmed host, hana vinna þeim hjónum); (3) domestic,
war host; -gjörð, f. rim of a helmet; servant (ef þú sýnir skilríki, at hann sé
-höttr, m. helmet-hood (a kind of cowl þitt h. = þinn vinnumaðr); rézt hann þar
put over the helmet); -laukr, m. a kind at hjóni, he took service there.
of leek, garlic. hjóna, n. = hjón (rare).
hjálmr (-s, -ar), m. (1) helm, helmet; hjóna-band, n. matrimony; -lið, n. do-
(2) rick (of hay or barley). mestic servants; -ligr, a. connubial;
hjálm-stafr, m. warrior (poet.); -skilnaðr, m. divorce; -tak, n. hiring of
-stofn, m. the head; -vítr, f. ‘helm- servants; -val, n. choice of servants (eigi
wight’, Valkyrie. hefik dyggt h.).
hjálmun-völr, hjálm-völr, m. tiller hjón-margr, a., hafa -margt, to have
of a helm. many servants.
hjálp (-ar, -ir), f. help. hjú (pl. hjú, dat. hjúm), n. = hjón,
hjálpa (help; halp or hjalp, hjún; (1) þeir ráku hann í stofu ok hjú
hulpum; hólpinn), v. (1) to help (h. e- hans öll, and all his household-people; (2)
m); h. e-m við = h. e-m; (2) to save (h. lífi hjú gørðu hvílu, man and wife went to rest;
sínu); refl. to be saved (þá munu vér hjál- (3) hann reið heim á Laugaland ok réð sér
past allir saman). hjú, and engaged servants.
hjálpa (að), v. = prec. hjúfra (að), v. to weep.
hjálpar-gata, f. a way to help. hjúka (að), v. to nurse a sick person (h.
hjálpari, m. helper, saviour. e-m, h. at or við e-m); refl., to recover
hjálpar-lauss, a. helpless; -maðr, m. strength (hón hjúkast lítt við þessa fœðu).
(1) helper; (2) one saved; ek mun vera hjúkan, f. nursing (of a sick person).
H

-maðr, ef, I shall be saved, if; -ráð, n. hjú-kólfr, m. convivial meeting.

helping advice. hjún, n. = hjón.
hjálp-lauss, a. helpless; -leysi, n. hjúpa (að), v. to shroud (a corpse).

245
hjúpr H hlaupa
hjúpr, m. a kind of doublet. hlað-búð, f. a booth with walls of turf or
hjúskapar-band, n. bond of matrimo- stones.
ny; -far, n. cohabitation; -mál, n. a case hlað-búinn, pp. ornamented with lace,
referring to marriage; -ráð, n. pl. the con- laced (= hlöðum búinn).
tracting of matrimony; -samlag, n. wed- hlaði, m. pile, stack.
lock. hlakka (að), v. (1) to cry, scream (of the
hjú-skapr, m. matrimony. eagle); (2) to rejoice; h. yfir e-u, to exult
hjölp (gen. hjalpar), f. = hjálp. over a thing.
hjörð (gen. hjarðar, dat. hjörðu; hlamm, n. a dull, heavy sound.
pl. hjarðir), f. herd, flock. hlamma (að), v. (1) to give a dull, heavy
hjör-drótt, f. sword-company; sound; (2) to exult.
-leikr, m. ‘sword-play’, fight; -lögr, m. hland, n. urine; -ausa, -skjóla, f.,
‘sword-liquid’, blood (poet.). -trog, n. urine trough.
hjörr (gen. hjarar and hjörs, dat hlass, n. cart-load.
hjörvi), m. sword. hlaup, n. (1) leap, jump (Egill hljóp yfir
hjör-stefna, f. ‘sword-meeting’, battle, díkit, en þat var ekki annara manna h.);
fight (poet.). (2) run, running; taka h., to take to run-
hjörtr (gen. hjartar, dat. hirti; pl. ning, to run (hann tók h. heim til herber-
hirtir, acc. hjörtu), m. hart, stag. gis); vera í hlaupum ok sendiförum, to
hjör-undaðr, pp. wounded by a sword; run on errands; (3) a sudden rise (in a riv-
-þing, n. = -stefna. er), flood, freshet (hlaup kom í ána); (4)
hlað, n. (1) pile, stack; (2) pavement (in assault (= frumhlaup).
front of a homestead); (3) border, lace- hlaupa (hleyp; hljóp, hljópum;
work; feldr búinn hlöðum, a laced cloak. hlaupinn), v. (1) to leap, jump (hann
hlaða (hleð; hlóð, hlóðum; hljóp meirr en hæð sina); hljópu þeir á
hlaðinn), v. (1) to pile up (h. korni í hjál- hesta sína, they sprang upon their horses;
ma); h. grjóti (hellum) at höfði oðrum, to h. fyrir borð, útbyrðis, to leap overboard;
be present at another’s burial, to survive; h. á sund, to leap into the water; h. upp,
(2) to build, with acc. (h. vegg, vörðu); to spring to one’s feet, start up (þá hljópu
(3) to load, esp. lade a ship (h. skip e-u, varðmerm upp); (2) = renna, to run (þeir
af e-u, með e-u); kistur hlaðnar af gul- hlaupa eptir, en hann kemst á skóg un-
li, chests laden with gold; (4) to fell, lay dan); refl., hlaupast á brott, to run away;
prostrate, with dat. (gátu þeir hlaðit hon- (3) of a river, to flood; hljópu vötn fram
um um síðir ok bundu hann); h. seglum, ok leysti árnar, the waters rose in flood
to take in sail; (5) to slay (bera vápn á and the ice was broken; of ice, mikit svell
Finnana ok fá hlaðit þeim); (6) refl., var hlaupit upp (there was a great sloping
hlaðast at, to throng, crowd; vér viljum ei- sheet of ice) öðru megin fljótsins; (4) with
gi, at fjölmenni hlaðist at (throng to see), preps., h. at e-m, h. á e-n, to attack one;
er vér erum afklæddir; hlaðast á mara bó- h. á, to come suddenly on, spring up, of a
ga, to mount the horses. gale (þá hljóp á útsynningr steinóði); h.
hlaða, f. store-house, barn. saman, of a wound, to heal over; h. í sun-

246
hlaupa-far H hlið
dr, to open up again (sárit var hlaupit í hlemmr (-s, -ar), m. trap-door.
sundr). hlenni, m. robber (poet.).
hlaupa-far, n. assault; pl. -för, up- hlenni-maðr, m. robber, thief.
roar; -piltr, m. errand boy. hlér (gen. hlés), m. the Sea.
hlaupari, m. (1) landlouper; (2) charger hler, n. listening; standa á hleri, to
(horse). stand eaves-dropping or listening.
hlaup-ár, n. leap-year. hlera (að), v. to listen.
hlaupingi (pl. -jar), m. landlouper, hleypa (-ta, -t), v. (1) to make one run
runaway. or go; to move or impel in some way; h.
hlaup-óðr, a. in a great flurry; -rífr, njósnarmönnum á land upp, to send spies
a. precipitate; -stigr, m. run-away-path ashore; hleypti hann annarri brúninni
(taka e-n á þeim -stigi). ofan á kinnina, he let one eye-brow sink
hlaut, f. blood of sacrifice. upon the cheek; h. hurð í lás, to shut a
hlaut-bolli, m. sacrificial bowl; door; h. ánni í veg sinn, to lead the river
-teinn, m. sacrificial twig (for sprinkling into its channel; h. e-u á e-n, to cause to
the blood with). fall upon one (hleypti Gróa skriðu á þá);
hlaut-viðr, m. rod immersed in sacri- hann hleypir út vatni miklu ór sullinum,
ficial blood, divination rod. he presses much water out of the sore; h.
hláka, f. thaw. ór e-m auganu, to poke the eye out; (2)
hlána (að), v. to thaw (veðr tók at to throw off (h. heimdraganum); h.
þykkna ok hlána). akkerum, to cast anchors; (3) h. berki af
hlátr (gen. -rar and -rs), m. laughter; trjám, to cut the bark off the trees; h. upp
reka upp h., to burst out laughing; hafa e-t dóminum, to break up the court (by vio-
at hlátri, to ridicule, make a laughing-stock lence); (4) to gallop, ride swiftly = h. hesti
of. (Hrungnir varð reiðr ok hleypti eptir
hlátr-mildr, a. prone to laughing. honum).
hlé, n. (1) shelter; (2) lee, lee side; sigla hleypi-fífl, n. a headlong fool;
á h., to stand to leeward. -flokkr, m. band of rovers; -för, f. ram-
hlé-barðr, m. (1) leopard (also poet. ble, roving; -hvel, n. a kind of war en-
bear, wolf); (2) shield (poet.). gine; -maðr, m. rover.
hlé-borð, n. the lee side. hleyping, f. galloping.
hleði, m. shutter (= hleri). hleypi-piltr, m. errand-boy; -skip,
hléðr, a. famous, renowned (?). n., -skúta, f. swift boat.
hleifr (-s, -ar), m. loaf. hleyta-menn, m. pl. kinsmen.
hleifs-efni, n. dough for a loaf. hleyti, n. (1) part = leyti; (2) pl. affin-
hleina (-da), v. to guard oneself (?). ity; gøra h., bindast hleytum við e-n, to
hlekkjast (t), v., in the phrase, e-m marry into another’s family.
hlekkist á, one gets impeded, suffers mis- hlið, n. (1) gate, gateway (h. heitir á
H

carriage. garði); (2) wide gap; (3) space, interval

hlekkr (-s or -jar; pl. -ir), m. link; pl. (var hvergi h. í milli); (4) space of time;
a chain of links. pause, halt (eptir þat varð h. á orrostun-

247
hlið H hljóðr
ni). to rest satisfied with, be content with (var
hlið (pl. -ar), f. side; standa á aðra h. hann kvæntr, en hlítti þó eigi þeirri ein-
e-m, to stand on one side of one; á tvær ni saman); eigi má því einu h., er bezt
hliðar e-m, on either side of one; á allar þykkir, one must put up with something
hliðar, on all sides. short of the best; eigi mun minna við h.,
hliða (að), v. to give way, recede (h. un- less than that will not do; eigi muntu því
dan, h. fyrir e-m); refl., hliðast, to be- einu fyrir h., thou shalt not get off with
come open. that; (3) to submit to, abide by (h. sætt, h.
hlið-farmr, m. ‘side-burthen’, load (- órskurði, dómi, ráðum e-s).
farmr Grana); -lauss, a. without a gate hljóð, n. (1) silence, hearing; biðja
or opening (veggir -lausir); -mæltr, pp. (kveðja sér) hljóðs, to beg (ask for) a hear-
said in oblique speech. ing (Njáll kvaddi sér hljóðs); fá h., to get
hlið-skjálf, f. the seat of Odin. a hearing; þegja þunnu hljóði, to keep a
hlið-skjár, m. side window; -veggr, watchful silence; af hljóði, í hljóði, in all
m. side wall. stillness, silently; (2) sound (Þorfinnr kom
hlið-vörðr, m. porter. engu hljóði lúðrinn); koma á h. um e-t, to
hlíð (pl. -ir), f. mountain side, slope become aware of; drepr h. ór e-m, one is
(fagrar hlíðir grasi vaxnar). struck dumb; (3) musical sound, tune; (4)
hlíf (pl. -ar), f. cover, shelter, protec- trumpet (h. Heimdallar = Gjallarhorn).
tion, esp. shield. hljóða (að), v. to sound (hverr stafr
hlífa (-ða, -t), v. (1) to shelter, protect, hljóðar með löngu hljóði eða skömmu).
with dat. (h. sér með skildi, en vega með hljóðaðr, a. sounding; sorgsamliga h.,
sverði); (2) to spare, deal gently with (mun having a plaintive note.
ek ekki h. þér í gørðinni); refl., hlífast við hljóða-grein, f. distinction of sound,
e-n, to spare one (hann hlífðist þá við en- accentuation.
gan mann); h. við at gøra e-t, to refrain hljóðan, f. sound, tune.
from doing a thing; h. við, to hold back hljóð-bjalla, f. tinkling bell; -fall, n.
(sumir hlífðust við mjök). consonancy; -fegrð, f. euphony; -fyl-
hlífar-lauss, a. uncovered. landi, m., -fylling, f. = stuðill; -fœri,
hlífð, f. protection, defence. n. musical instrument; -góðr, a. well-
hlífðar-lauss, a. = hlífarlauss; tuned; -látr, a. reticent, taciturn;
-staðr, m. safe place; -vápn, n. weapon -leikr, m. silence, sadness; -liga, adv.
of defence. in all stillness, silently; -ligr, a. silent;
hlífi-skjöldr (hlíf-skjöldr), m. -lyndr, a. taciturn; -læti, n. stillness;
shield of defence (hafa e-n at -skildi). -mikill, a. shrill-sounding; -mæli, n. se-
hlít, f. sufficiency, satisfaction; til crecy; fœra e-t í -mæli, to hush up.
(nökkurrar) hlítar, tolerably, pretty well; hljóðna (að), v. to become silent; þar
at góðri h., very well indeed. til hljóðnar um mál þessi, till the noise
hlíta (-tta, -tt), v. (1) to rely on, trust, about it subsides.
with dat. (hlítir Ástríðr ekki öðrum kon- hljóðr (hljóð, hljótt), a. silent, tac-
um at því at þjóna honum í lauginni); (2) iturn; tala hljótt, to speak in a low voice;

248
hljóð-samliga H hlutr
láta hljótt um sik, to keep quiet: var hljótt, lot (vóru menn hlutaðir til skipstjórnar);
there was silence. (3) refl., hlutaðist svá til, at, it so turned
hljóð-samliga, adv. = hljóðliga; out that (= hlauzt svá til, at); hlutast til e-
-samr, a. = hljóðr; -semd, -semi, f. still- s, to meddle with a thing (ekki hefi ek hlu-
ness, calmness. tazt til málaferla, yðvarra); h. til með em,
hljóðs-grein, f. (1) a kind of sound; (2) to assist one in a case.
pronunciation; (3) accentuation. hlut-deila (-da, -dr), v. to meddle
hljóð-stafr, m. vowel. with a thing (-deila e-t); -deilinn, a.
hljómr (gen. -s), m. sound, tune. meddlesome; -deilni, f. meddlesomeness;
hljóta (hlýt; hlaut, hlutum; -drjúgr, a. lucky, getting the better share;
hlotinn), v. (1) to get by lot, to have al- -fall, n. casting of lots; leggja e-t til
lotted to oneself (hón hlaut at sitja hjá -falls, to settle a thing by drawing lots;
Björgólfi); (2) to get (h. sigr); margir hlu- bjóða til -falla, to bid one proceed to cast
tu gott af hans ráðum, many benefited lots; -gengr, a. up to the mark; -gengr við
by his counsels; (3) to undergo, suffer (h. e-n, equal to one, a match for one; -girni,
högg, úför, harm); (4) to be obliged to; svá f. = -deilni; -gjarn, a. = -deilinn.
mun nú h. at vera, it must needs be so; hluti, m. (1) part (í þeim hluta veral-
fara hlýtr þú með mér, thou must go with dar); at mínum hluta, for my part, as far
me; (5) refl., hljótast af e-u, to result or as I am concerned; (2) share, lot; gera á
proceed from (mun hér h. af margs manns hluta e-s, to wrong one; eptir er enn yðarr
bani); hlauzt svá til, at þá tunn átti In- h., your part (of the work) remains yet.
gimundr, it so happened that. hlut-lauss, a. not partaking in, having
hlotnast (að), v. refl. to fall to lot (e- taken no part in (-lauss eðr sýkn af man-
m hlotnast e-t). ndrápi); -laust, adv., ríða -laust, to pass
hlóa, v. to be boiling hot. free, unmolested.
hlóðyn (gen. -ynjar), f. the Earth. hlutr (-ar, -ir), m. (1) lot; bera (leg-
hlummr (-s, -ar), m. handle of an oar. gja) hluti í skaut, to throw the lots into
hlumr (-s, -ir), m. (1) = hlummr; (2) a cloth (lap of a garment); skera (marka)
roller = hlunnr. hluti, to mark the lots; (2) amukt, talisman
hlunka (að), v. to give a dull, hollow (h. er horfinn or pússi þínum); (3) share,
sound (brúin hlunkaði undir hófunum allotment, portion (hann fœrði Ølvi skip
hestanna). sin ok kallar þat vera hans hlut); (4) part
hlunn-goti, m. poet. ship. (of a whole); höggva í tvá hluti, to cut in
hlunnindi, n. pl. emoluments. two parts; mestr h. liðs, the most part of
hlunnr (-s, -ar), m. roller for launch- the company; meiri h. dómanda, the ma-
ing or drawing up ships. jority of the judges; tveim hlutum dýrra,
hlunn-vigg, n. poet. = -goti. twice as dear; (5) participation; eiga hlut
hlust (pl. -ir), f. ear (= eyra). í e-u or at e-u, to have part in, be con-
H

hlusta (að), v. to listen (h. til e-s). cerned in (mér uggir, at hér muni eigi gæ-
hluta (að), v. (1) to draw (cast) lots for a fumenn hlut í eiga); þar er þú ættir hlut
thing (h. e-t or h. um e-t); (2) to select by at, wherein thou wast concerned; (6) con-

249
hlut-ræningr H hlœgja
dition, position, lot; eiga hlut e-s, to be h. móti at mæla, E. would not hear of any
in one’s place (position); ef þú ættir minn one’s gainsaying; (4) refl. to listen (hann
hlut, if thou wert in my place; láta hlut hlýðist um, hvárt nökkurir vekti); to be
sinn, to be worsted; sitja yfir hlut e-s, to allowable (konungr sagði, at þeim skyldi
oppress, weigh a person down; leggja hlut þat ekki hlýðast).
sinn við e-t, to cast in one’s lot with, to es- hlýðinn, a. (1) willing to give ear to one,
pouse a cause; hafa (fá) hærra, meira (læ- compliant (hann var h. vinum sínum um
gra) hlut, to get the best (worst) of it; (7) öll góð ráð); (2) yielding homage to one.
thing; allir hlutir, all things; kynligr h., a hlýð-samt, a. n. suitable, proper; vera
strange thing; um alla hluti, in all things, h., = hlýða (3).
in all respects. hlýðnast (að), v. refl. to obey (ef þér
hlut-ræningr, m. one robbed of his vilið mér hlýðnast).
share; verða -ræningr e-s or fyrir e-m, to hlýðni, f. obedience, homage; -brot, n.
be unfairly dealt with; -samr, a. meddle- disobedience (við e-n); -mark, n. token of
some (um e-t); -seigr, a. tenacious, obsti- obedience.
nate; -skipti, n. (1) sharing; (2) booty; (3) hlýja (hlý, hlýða, hlúit), v. to cover,
share, lot; -sæll, a. getting the best share; shelter (hlýrat henni börkr né barr).
-takandi, -takari, m. partaker; -van- hlýr, n. (1) cheek; h. roðnaði, her cheek
dr, a. upright, honest; -verk, n. work al- reddened; (2) bow of a vessel, = kinnungr;
lotted, task. (3) the flat of an axe.
hlykkjóttr, a. crooked. hlýr-bjartr, a. having brightly painted
hlykkr (-s, -ir), m. bend, curve. bows (of a vessel).
hlymja (hlym, hlumda, hlumit), v. hlýri, m. friend, brother (poet.).
to make a loud noise. hlæja (hlæ; hló, hlógum;
hlymr (-s, -ir), m. a resounding noise hleginn), v. (1) to laugh; h. hátt, to laugh
(hlymr var at heyra). loud; h. at e-u, to laugh at; þau tíðendi,
hlynna (-ta, -t), v. to prepare the way er þeim hló hugr við, that gladdened their
for one (h. fyrir e-m). hearts; (2) h. e-n, to laugh at, deride one.
hlynr (-s, -ir), m. maple tree. hlær (hlæ, hlætt), a. warm, mild
hlý, n. warmth (sumar-hlýit). (veðr var þykkt ok hlætt).
hlýða (-dda, -tt), v. (1) to listen hlœða (-dda, -ddr), v. (1) to lade (h.
(eyrum hlýðir hann, en augum skoðar); skip); h. hest, to load, saddle, a horse;
h. e-m, to listen (give ear) to one; h. mes- (2) with dat. to load (þú munt gulli h. á
su, tíðum, to hear mass, attend service; h. Grana bógu).
á e-t or til e-s, to listen to (sitja menn þar hlœgi, n. ridicule; fá e-m, hlœgis, to
umhverfis ok hlýða til sögunnar); (2) to make one a laughing-stock.
yield to, obey (h. ráðum, orðum e-s); (3) hlœgi-liga, adv. laughably; -ligr, a.
to do, be permissible or proper; hlýðir það laughable; -máll, -málugr, -orðr, a.
hvergi (it will not do) at hafa eigi lög í lan- humorous.
di; engum öðrum skyldi þat h., nobody hlœgja (-ði), v. to make one laugh; þat
else should dare to do so; Einar lét engum hlœgir mik, at, it makes me glad, I am re-

250
hlœg-ligr H hníga
joiced, that. á mýrar); h. e-m frá, to repel, repulse; (2)
hlœg-ligr, a. = hlœgiligr. to check, thwart, prevent; h. för sinni, to
hlöðu-dyrr, f. pl. door of a barn; -vin- halt and go back again; h. vándu ráði, to
dauga, n. barn window. prevent an evil deed; (3) to fall back, with-
hløra (að), v. = hlera. draw (hnekkja Írar nú frá).
hnafa (hnóf), v. to cut off (rare). hneppa (-ta, -tr), v. (1) to curtail;
hnakka-bein, n. neck-bone; -filla, f. hneppt em ek at brœðrum, I am bereft
the flesh and skin on the nape. of brothers; (2) to thrust, force (Hrólfr
hnakk-band, n. anchor cable. hneppti hann undir sik, ok setti kné fyrir
hnakki, m. the back of the head, nape of brjóst honum); h. fólk í þrælkan, to keep
the neck. a people bound in thraldom.
hnakk-miði, m. anchor-buoy. hneppi-liga, adv. scarcely, scantily.
hnakkr, m. (1) nape = hnakki; (2) stool hneppr, a. scant; ætla hneppt til jólan-
= knakkr. na, to make scant provision for Christmas.
hnefa (að), v. to clasp with the fist. hneri, m. sneeze, sneezing.
hnefa-högg, n. a blow with the fist; hneyking, f. shame, disgrace.
-tafl, n. a kind of chess. hneykja (-ta, -tr), v. to put to shame,
hnefi, m. (1) closed hand, fist; (2) the confound, with acc. (h. grimmleik heiðin-
king in hnefa-tafl. na þjóða).
hnef-tafl, n. = hnefatafl. hneyksli, n. disgrace, dishonour;
hneigja (-ða, -ðr), v. (1) to bow, bow -yrði, n. pl. foul language, calumny.
down, bend, incline; h. sik, to make a bow; hnigna (að), v. to begin to sink, decline
h. sik til við e-n, to bow down, pay homage (e-rr er, gerist, hnignandi).
to one; h. e-m, to bow down to one; h. eptir hnipinn, a. drooping, downcast.
e-m, to be biassed towards one; (2) refl., hnipna (að), v. to become downcast, to
hneigjast, to lean; h. af villu, to forsake droop (hnipnaði þá Grani).
heresy; h. til e-s, to lean towards a person; hnippa (-ta, -t, or að), v. to poke;
h. fyrir fortölur e-s, to be swayed by an- hnippadði kolli hverr at öðrum, they laid
other’s persuasions. their heads together, nodded significantly;
hneisa, f. disgrace, shame (gera, vinna, refl., hnippast, to quarrel (= h. við); h.
e-m hneisu). Cf. ‘neisa’. orðum við e-n, to bandy words with one.
hneisa (-ta, -tr), v. to disgrace (h. e- hnita (að), v. to weld together.
n). Cf. ‘neisa’. hnit-bróðir, m. ‘near brother’.
hneisu-liga, adv. (1) disgracefully; (2) hníga (hníg; hné and hneig,
insultingly. hnigum; hniginn), v. (1) to fall gently,
hneita (-tta, -ttr), v. to cut (rare). sink down (hné Guðrún höll við bólstri);
hnekking, f., hnekkir, m. check, re- h. at armi e-m, to sink into one’s arms; (2)
buff (hafa hnekking). to flow (hnigu heilög vötn af himinfjöl-
H

hnekki-stikill, m. bump on the head. lum); (3) to sink down, fall dead (= h. at
hnekkja (-ta, -tr), v. (1) to drive back, velli); h. at grasi, í gras, to bite the grass;
with dat. (síðan lét Egill h. nautunum út (4) to incline, turn; eigi mátti sjá hvernig

251
hnípa H hold-rosa
h. mundi, which way the scale would turn hnýfil-drykkja, f. drinking-bout.
(in a battle); (5) h. til e-s, to turn towards hnýffil, m. short horn (= knýfill).
(var jafnan þeirra hlutr betri, er til hans hnœfi-ligr, a. taunting (-lig orð).
hnigu); h. til liðs, hjálpar við e-n, to side hnœfil-yrði, n. pl. taunts, gibes.
with one pp., hniginn, advanced (stricken) hnøggr (acc. -van), a. stingy (h. fjár).
in years, = h. á aldr, h. at aldri; of a door, hnøri, m. = hneri.
shut; var hurð hnigin, the door was down; hodd, f. hoard, treasure (poet.).
hurð hnigin á hálfa gátt, á miðjan klofa, hof, n. heathen temple.
half shut, half down. hof-ferð, f. pride, pomp; -fólk, n.
hnípa (-ta, -t), v. to be downcast, droop courtiers; -garðr, m. lordly mansion.
(hann hnípti í jörðma). hof-goði, m. temple-priest; -gyðja, f.
hnísa, f. porpoise. priestess; -helgr, f. temple-feast.
hníta (hneit, hnitu), v. to strike, hof-lýðr, m. = hof-fólk; -maðr, m.
wound; hjörr hneit við hjarta, steel courtier; gentleman in waiting.
touched the heart. hofs-dyrr, f. pl. temple-doors; -eiðr,
hnjóða (hnýð; hnauð; hnoðinn), v. m. temple-oath; -goði, m. = hofgoði;
to rivet, clinch (Helgi hnauð hjalt á sverð). -helgi, f. sanctity of a temple; -mold, f.
hnjóð-hamarr, m. rivetting, hammer; temple-earth, holy mould.
also as a nickname. hof-stabr, m. sanctuary; -tollr, m.
hnjósa (hnýs, hnaus), v. to sneeze. temple-toll, rate.
hnjóskr, m. touchwood, = fnjóskr. hoka, hokra (að), v. to crouch (h. eða
hnoða, n. clew. skríða); h. undan, to slink away.
hnoð-saumr, m. clincher nails. hol, n. hollow, cavity, esp. cavity of the
hnoss (pl. -ir), f. costly thing, ornament body; ganga (hlaupa) á h., to pierce to the
(hverr vildi mér hnossir velja). inwards (of weapons); hit efra h., the cav-
hnot (gen. -ar, pl. hnetr), f. nut. ity of the chest; neðra h., the stomach.
hnot-skógr, m. nutwood, hazelwood. hola, f. hole, hollow.
hnugginn, pp. bereft (miklu h.). hola (að), v. to make hollow.
hnúka (-ta, -t), v. to sit cowering. hol-blóð, n. blood from the inwards.
hnúta, f. = knúta. hold, n. (1) flesh; svörðr ok h., skin
hnyðja, f. club, rammer. and flesh; bjarnar h., bear’s flesh; (2) pl.
hnykill (gen. -s, dat. hnykli; pl. fleshiness; -borinn, pp., -borinn bróðir,
hnyklar), m. knot, tumor. one’s own brother; -fúi, m. mortification.
hnykka-stafr, m. a kind of peg (?). holdgan, f. incarnation.
hnykking, f. pulling. holdgast (að), v. refl. to take flesh.
hnykkja (-ta, -tr), v. to pull violenty, hold-gróinn, pp. grown to the flesh;
with dat. (h. e-m til sin); h. e-u upp, to -ligr, a. carnal (-lig ást); -ligr bróðir,
pull up a thing; absol., þykkist sveinninn one’s own brother; -lítill, a. lean.
hafa vel hnykkt, he thought he had made a holdr, a. fleshy; vel h., well-fleshed.
good pull. hold-rosa, f. fieshy side of a hide;
hnýðingr (-s, -ar), m. dolphin. -tekja, f. = holdgan.

252
hol-fenni H hosaðr
hol-fenni, n. hollow pile of snow; entertainment; (3) refl., Hjalta þótti þá
-gómr, a. having a hollow palate; -hög- úvænt á horfast, H. thought that matters
gvinn, pp. cut into the cavity of the body. looked unpromising; horfðust þeir Gizurr
hollendr, m. pl. suppporters. höfðum at, he and Gizurr lay with their
hollosta, f. faith, loyalty (við e-n). heads together.
hollr, a. (1) faithful, loyal (h. e-m); of horfa (að), v. = hörfa.
the gods, gracious (holl regin); (2) whole- horfin-alda, a. indecl. luckless;
some, salutary (holl ráð). -heilla, a. indecl. luckless; horfinheilla
holl-ráðr, a. giving wholesome coun- er mér, luck has left me.
sel; -ræði, n. wholesome counsel. horfinn, pp.; see ‘hverfa (4)’.
holr, a. hollow; h. innan, hollow within horn, n. (1) horn (of cattle); vera harðr
(þetta guð er holt innan). í h. at taka, to be hard to take by the horns,
hol-sár, n. wound in a vital part. hard to deal with; (2) drinking-horn; (3)
holt, n. (1) wood (opt er í holti heyran- horn, trumpet (blása í h.); (4) corner, an-
di nær); (2) rough stony ridge. gle; skýtr í tvau h. um e-t, there is a great
holt-rið, n. wooded ridge. difference between; skýtr í tvau h. með
hol-und, f. a wound entering the cavity okkr, we are at variance; (5) nook, corner
of the body; mortal wound. (in a house).
holundar-sár, n. = holsár, holund. horna-fláttr, m. flaying a hide with
hopa (að), v. (1) to move backwards; h. the horns; -skvol, n. noise of horns;
hestinum undan, to back the horse; (2) to -tog, n. a rope round the horns.
draw back, retreat (= h. aptr, á hæl, un- horn-blástr, m. sound of trumpets;
dan). -bogi, m. horn-bow; -fiskr, m. garfish
hoppa (að), v. to hop, skip. or green bone; -göfugr, a. proud of his
hor-digull, m. a clot of mucus hanging horns; -kerling, f. old woman in the cor-
from the nose. ner; -kona, f. = -kerling; -reka, f. = -ker-
horfa (-ða, -t), v. (1) to turn (be ling; -sil, n. stickle-back; -skafa, f. a
turned) in a certain direction; horfði upp scraper made of horn; -spánn, m. horn
eggin, the edge turned upwards; suðr hor- spoon; -stafr, m. corner pillar in a build-
fðu dyrr, the door looked south; h. baki við ing.
e-m, to turn the back against one; h. við hornungr (-s, -ar), m. (1) bastard son;
e-m, to face one; fig. to set oneself against (2) scamp, outcast (vera h. e-s).
one (þeir er heldr höfðu við honum horft horr, m. (1) starvation; detta, niðr í
í sínum huga); (2) to look in a certain way, hor, to starve to death; (2) mucus from the
to have a certain appearance; h. úvænt, to nose.
look unpromising (úvænt horfir um sæt- horsk-leikr, m. knowledge, wisdom;
tir); hvárum horfir vænna, who is more -ligr, a. wise, noble.
likely to get the betler; h. fastliga, erfiðli- horskr, a. wise (h. ok þögull).
H

ga, to look difficult; horfir mjök í móti hortugr, a. pert, impertinent.

oss, matters look bad for us; horfir til hosa, f. hose, legging.
gamans mikils, there is a prospect of much hosaðr, pp. wearing hose.

253
hosna-reim H hósti
hosna-reim, f., -sterta, f. garter. appease; -værð, f. calmness of mind;
hot-vetna, see ‘hvatvetna’. -værr, f. calmness of mind; -værligr,
hó, interj. hoh! ah! oh! -værr, a. gentle, meek of mind.
hóa (að), v. to shout ‘hoh’ (h. á féit). hól, n. praise, flattery.
hóf, m. (1) moderation, measure; kunna hólfa (-di, -t), v. to capsize (þar hólfir
h., to show (observe) moderation; þá er h. skip á sjónum).
á (or at), then it is all right; at hófi, toler- hólkr (-s, -ar), m. ring or tube (of met-
ably, moderately (jarl svarar þessu at hófi al) on a staff, knife-handle, etc.
vel); e-t gegnir hófi, it is fair; vel er þes- hóll (-s, -ar), m. = hváll.
su til hófs mikils, this affair is well set- hólm-ganga, f. ‘holm-going’, a duel or
tled; ór hófi, beyond measure; (2) propor- wager of battle fought on an islet (hólmr).
tion, equal degree (hefði hann lið at því hólmgöngu-boð, n. challenging to
hófi, sem hann er sjálfr frœkn ok djarfr); hólmganga; -lög, n. pl. the law, rules of
(3) judgement (vil ek, at þú hafir þar engis h.; -maðr, m. duellist; -staðr, m. a
manns h. nema þitt). place where a ‘hólmganga’ is fought;
hóf, n. feast, banquet. -sverð, n. a sword used in ‘hólmganga’.
hóf-gullinn, a. with golden hoof; hólmi, m. (1) islet, = hólmr; knoll.
-hvarf, n. pastern of a horse. hólm-lausn, f. releasing oneself by pay-
hóf-lauss, a. immoderate; -leysa, f. ing the ransom after a duel.
immoderation, excess; -liga, adv. (1) with hólmr (-s, -ar), m. holm, islet; falla á
moderation; (2) fitly; (3) fairly (munu þeir hólmi, to fall in a duel; skora e-m á min,
nú vera -liga hræddir); -ligr, a. moder- to challenge one; leysa sik af hólmi, to re-
ate. deem oneself after a duel.
hóft (-s, -ar), m. hoof (of a horse). hólm-staðr, m. = hólmgöngu-staðr;
hóf-samligr, -samr, a. moderate tem- -stefna, f. meeting (duel) on a holm (ko-
perate; -semd, -semi, f. moderation, tem- ma, riða til -stefnu).
perance. hón, pers. pron. she.
hóf-skegg, n. fetlock. hóp, n. a small land-locked bay or inlet
hófs-maðr, m. temperate, just man. (connected with the sea).
hóf-stilling, f. moderation. hópr (-s, -ar), m. troop, flock, crowd.
hóg-bærr, a. easy to bear; -fœrr, a. hór (gen. hós), m. pot-hook.
lively, light (of a horse); -látr, a. of easy hóra (að), v. to commit adultery (h. or
temper; -leiki, m. = -væri; -liga, adv. hórast undir bónda sinn).
calmly, meekly; taka -liga á, to touch gen- hóra, f. whore, harlot.
tly; -ligr, a. easy, gentle; -lífi, n. easy hóran, f. adultery.
(quiet) life; -lyndi, n. easy temper; -lyn- hór-dómr, m. adultery; -karl, m.
dr, a. easy-tempered, peaceable; -læti, adulterer; -kerling, f. harlot; -kona, f.
n. gentleness; -samr, a. gentle; -semd, f. adulteress.
gentleness; -seta, f. = -lífi; -stýrt pp., hórr (gen. hórs), m. adulterer.
n. easy to steer (eigi verðr mér nú -stýrt hósta (að), v. to cough.
fótunum); -væra (-ða, -ðr), v. to calm, hósti, m. cough, coughing.

254
hóstr H hregg-viðri
hóstr, m.; see ‘óstr’. long to destruction; (4) to fall, tumble down
hót, n. whit, bit; hóti heldr, a bit more, (hrapaði hann niðr í fjöruna).
a good deal more; with superl., hóti hrapaðr, m. hurry; af hrapaði, hurried-
líkast, most likely; þat er hóti úmakligast, ly.
that is least undeserved. hrapal-liga, adv. hurriedly, headlong
hót, n. pl. threats; hafa í hótum við e- (fara -liga); -ligr, a. hurried.
n, to threaten one. hrapan, f. downfall.
hóta (að), v. to threaten, = hœta (h. e- hrap-orðr, a. hasty in one’s language
m); hótan, f. threatening. (Sæmundr varð við h.).
hót-samr, a. menacing. hrata (að), v. (1) to reel, stagger (hann
hraða (að), v. to hasten, with dat. hrataði við, en féll eigi); (2) to tumble
hrað-byri, n. a fresh fair wind; -byrja, down, fall (hrataði hann ofan af þekjun-
a. indecl., sigla -byrja, to sail with a strong ni).
wind; -farta, a. indecl. = -fœrr; -feigr, hrati, m. rubbish, trash.
a. doomed to instant death; -fœrr, a. hrauk-tjald, n. rick-formed tent.
fleet, swift (hestr-fœrr); -geði, n. hasty hraun, n. (1) rugged ground, wilderness;
temper; -liga, adv. swiftly; -mæltr, a. (2) lava field, lava.
quick of speech; -mælt tunga, a glib hraun-búi, m. dweller in a ‘hraun’, gi-
tongue. ant; -hvalr, m. monster of the wilderness.
hraðr (hröð, hratt), a. swift, fleet. hraunóttur, a. rugged, stony.
hrafn (-s, -ar), m. raven. hraust-leikr, m. prowess, valour;
hrafh-hvalr, m., a kind of whale; -liga, adv. valiantly; -ligr, a. bold,
-reyðr, f. a kind of whale; -tinna, f. ob- valiant; -mannligr, a. = -ligr; -menni,
sidian or agate. n. a strong, stout man.
hrak-, in compds., denoting wretched, hraustr, a. (1) valiant, doughty; (2)
vile; -bú, n. wretched household; -dýr, n. strong, hearty (gamall, en þó h.).
hunted deer; -ferð, f. disgraceful journey; hrá-blautr, a. moist, raw, of hides
-för, f. disgraceful journey; -liga, adv. (nautshúð hráblaut).
wretchedly; -ligr, a. wretched, disgrace- hráki, m. spit, spittle.
ful; -magr, a. wretchedly thin. hrár (hrá, hrátt), a. (1) raw, of meat
hrakning (pl, -ar), f. wretched treat- or food (hrár fiskr, hrátt kjöt); (2) raw,
ment, injury, insult (ek hefi af þár heitin- fresh, sappy (h. viðr).
gar ok hrakning). hrá-skinn, n. shelter, refuge; -viði, n.
hrakningr (-s, -ar), m. = prec. saplings, young plants; -æti, n. raw flesh
hrak-yrði, n. foul language. used asfood.
hramm-dýr, n. beast of prey. hreða, f., see ‘hrœða’; hreðulauss,
hrammr (-s, -ar), m. bear’s paw. a., see ‘hrœðulauss’.
hrapa (að), v. (1) to hurl, with dat. (h. hreðar, f. pl. the scrotum.
H

e-m til helvítis); (2) to hurry on, hasten (h. hregg, n. storm, blast (var bæði h. ok
ferð sinni); (3) to rush on, hurry (h. á fund regn).
e-s); h. til dauðans: banans, to rush head- hregg-viðri, n. tempest.

255
hreiðr H hreysti-bragð
hreiðr, n. bird’s nest. hrekkr (pl. -ir), m. trick, piece of mis-
hrorast (að), v. refl. to nestle. chief (hrekkir ok slœgðir).
hreiðr-böllr, m. ‘nest-ball’, egg. hrekk-vísi, f. trickiness; -víss, a.
hreifi, m. (1) wrist, = úlfliðr; (2) the tricky, mischievous.
hand and fingers; (3) seal’s fin, flipper. hrella (-da, -dr), v. to distress, annoy,
hreimr, m. scream, cry. trouble (h. e-n).
hreina (-da, -dr), v. to make (swine) hrelling, f. anguish, affliction.
squeal (ef svín eru hreind). hremma (-da, -dr), v. to clutch.
hrein-bjálbi, m. reindeer’s skin; hremsa (að), v. = hremma.
-dýri, n. reindeer. hremsa, f. (1) clutch; (2) poet. shaft.
hrein-ferði, n. purity; -ferðugr, a. hreppa (-ta, -tr), v. to catch, obtain;
pure, chaste. en er hann hreppti áverkann, when he re-
hrein-gálkn, n. poet. wolf (?). ceived the wound.
hrein-hjartaðr, a. pure of heart; hreppa-skil, n. pl. poor-law matters.
-látr, a. clean, chaste; -leikr, m. (1) hreppr (-s, -ar), m. poor-law district
cleanliness; (2) chastity; -lifnaðr, m. = (in Iceland).
-lífi; -liga, adv. (1) cleanly; (2) with pu- hrer, n. corpse, = hrør.
rity; -ligr, a. (1) clean, cleanly; (2) pure; hress, a. hale, hearty, in good spirits.
-lífi, n. pure life, chastity; -lífr, a. pure hressa (-ta, -tr), v. (1) to refresh,
of life; -lyndr, a. pure of heart, upright; cheer; hann bað hann h. sik, he bade him
-læti, n. cleanness, chastity; -mannli- cheer up; refl., hressast, to recover
gr, a. of noble or manly bearing. strength, be refreshed; (2) to restore (h.
hreinn, a. (1) clean (hrein klæði); (2) staðinn).
bright (hreinir kyndlar, hrein vápn); (3) hress-leikr, m. good health.
clear (hrein rödd); (4) pure, sincere. hret, n. storm, = hregg.
hreinn (-s, -ar), m. reindeer. hreyfa (-ða, -ðr), v. to move, stir, with
hreinsa (að), v. (1) to make clean, acc.; refl., hreyfast, to put oneself in mo-
cleanse; (2) to purge, clear (h. land af tion, stir.
víkingum). hreysar, f. pl. heap of stones.
hreinsan, f. cleansing. hreysi, n. (1) = hreysar; (2) cave, den
hreinsanar-eldr, m. purgatory. (skríða í hreysi).
hrein-staka, f. reindeer skin. hreysi-köttr, m. ermine, weasel.
hreistr, n. scales (of fish). hreysta (-sta, -str), v. to encourage
hrekja (hrek; hrakta, hröktum; make valiant; h. sik, to cheer up, take heart
hrakiðr, hraktr), v. (1) to drive away, or courage.
chase off (h. e-n af máli); (2) to annoy, hreysti, f. valour, prowess.
vex, ill-treat (Sigmundr sagðist heldr vilja hreysti-bragð, n. feat of prowess;
h. þá sem mest); h. e-n í orðum, to scold -liga, adv. stoutly, boldly; -ligr, a, stout,
and abuse one; (3) to damage, spoil (h. mál bold; -maðr, m. valiant man; -mannli-
fyrir e-m); absol., h. fyrir e-m, to do dam- gr, a. gallant, bold; -orð, n. word of
age to one; (4) to abuse (= h. e-n í orðum). prowess; -raun, f. trial of valour; -verk,

256
hreyta H hrífa
n. deed of prowess. hringr (-s, ar), m. (1) ring, circle; slá
hreyta (-tta, -tt), v. to cast, scatter, hring um e-n, to make a ring around one;
throw about, with dat. (h. mold-inni, í hring, in a circle; hann fór í hring um
hringum). skipit, he swam in a circle round the ship;
hreyting, f. spreading, scattering. með hringum, all around, altogether
hreyti-speldi, n. top (a child’s toy). (brendu upp bœinn Með hringum); (2)
hriflinga-björg, f. hand-to-mouth life ring (on the finger or arm, at the end of
(er slíkt kallat -björg). a chest, in a door, at the end of the hilt);
hrifs, n. robbery, pillaging. link (in a chain).
hrifsa (að), v. to rob, pillage. hring-variðr, pp. ‘ring-mounted’;
hrifsan, f., hrifsing, f., = hrifs. málmr -variðr, a sword with rings.
hriki m., huge fellow. hrinr, m. howling, screaming.
hrikja (-þa), v. to creak (rare). hrip, m. box of laths, basket.
hrinda (hrind; hratt, hrandum; hripuðr, m. fire (poet.).
hrundinn), v. (1) to push, thrust, with hrista (-sta, -str), v. to shake (h. hö-
dat. (hann hratt hestinum í vök eina); var fuðit); h. e-t af sér, to shake it off; marir
þá hrundit hátnum, the ship’s boat was hristust, the horses shook their manes;
put out; h. hurð (upp), to push the door þeim hristust tennr í höfði, the teeth chat-
open; h. e-m í myrkvastofu, to cast into tered in their head.
prison; h. á braut, to drive away; h. skipi hríð (pl. -ir), f. (1) storm, esp. snow-
fram or út, to launch a ship; impers., hratt storm; h. mikla gerði at þeim, laust á fyrir
stundum fyrir, en stundum frá, the clouds þeim h. mikilli, they were caught by a vio-
were drifting on and off (the moon); (2) to lent snow-storm; (2) attack, onset, in a bat-
cast (throw) off (h. harmi, ótta); h. máli, tle (hörð, snörp h.); (3) a while; nökku-
to make a case void, clear oneself of it; h. ra h., for a while; langa (litla) h., a long
e-u af e-m, to free one from, rid one of a (little) while; þessar hríðir allar, all this
thing. while; um h., for a while (hann dvaldist
hringa (að), v. to furnish with a ring. þar um h.); um hríðir sakir = um h.; í
hringa-brynja, f. coat of ring-mail. hríðinni, immediately, at once (hann fór í
hring-broti, m. ‘breaker of rings’, hríðinni upp til Hofs); hríðum, frequently
prince (poet.); -drifi, m. ‘distributor of (stundum í Hvammi, en hríðum at Stað);
rings’, prince, king (poet.). (4) space, distance (var þó h. löng í mil-
hringing (pl. -ar), f. bell-ringing. lum).
hringja (-da, -t), v. to ring bells. hríð-drepa, a. incled. killed by a snow-
hringja (-da, -dr), v. to encircle, sur- storm; -fastr, a. detained by a snow-
round; h. e-u um e-n, to encircle with (cf. storm.
kringja um, urnkringja). hríðóttr, a. stormy (h. vetr).
hringja, f. buckle. hríð-viðri, n. storm, tempest.
H

hring-leginn, pp. coiled up (of a ser- hrífa (hríf; hreif, hrifum;

pent); -leikr, m. ring-dance; -ofmn, pp. hrifinn), v. (1) to catch, snatch (h. til
woven with rings. e-s); h. við, to take hold, to grip (kasta

257
hrím H hrossa-bein
akkerum, ok hrífa þau við, um síðir); im- hrjóstr, n. barren, rocky place.
pers., hríft við, it takes effect, it turns out hrjóstugr, a. rough, barren.
well; (2) to scratch (hann lét h. sér með hrjóta (hrýt; hraut, hrutum;
kömbum). hrotinn), v. (1) to fall, fly, be flung (øxin
hrím, n. (1) rime, hoar frost; (2) the hraut ór hendi honum); hraut upp
black soot on a kettle (ketil-hrím). hurðin, the door was flung open; eldr
hrím-aldl, m. lazy lout. hraut ór hlunnunum, fire sprang from the
hrím-drif, n. rime-drift; -frosinn, rollers; hrjóta spœnirnir upp í móti hon-
pp. rimy; -kaldr, a. rime-cold; -kalkr, um, the chips flew up into his face; h. í
m. foaming cup; -steinar, m. pl. rime- sundr, to be snapped asunder (í sundur
covered stones; -þursar, m. pl. frost-gi- hrutu baugar); (2) to snore (hann svaf ok
ants. hraut sterkliga).
hrína (hrín; hrein, hrinum; hrjúfr, a. (1) rough to the touch (h.
hrinit), v. (1) to squeal (of swine); h. háls); (2) scurvy.
við, to neigh to a horse (of a mare in heat); hroða-ligr, -vænligr, a. likely to
(2) h. á (or á e-m), to take effect, esp. of cause disturbance.
imprecations. hroð-gás, f. = hrot-gás.
hrís, n. (1) brushwood; (2) faggots. hroði, m. (1) trash, rubbish; (2) distur-
hrís-byrðr, f. load of faggots; -fleki, bance, riot (h. ok stornir).
m. hurdle of brushwood; -kjarr, n. brush- hrogn, n. roe, spawn.
wood. hrogn-kelsi, n. lumpfish.
hrísla, f. sprig of a branch, twig. hroka (að), v. to fill above the brim.
hrísóttr, a. grown with shrubs. hroki, m. a heap above the brim.
hrís-runnr, m. bush. hrokkin-hárr, -hæðr, a. curlyhaired
hrísungr, m. a kind of bastard. (bleikhárr ok hrokkinhárr).
hrjá (hrjái, hrjáða, hrjáðr), v. to hrokkinn, pp. curly (hrokkit hár);
vex, harass (a person). wrinkled (hrokkit skinn).
hrjóða (hrýð; hrauð, hruðum; hrokkin-skinna, f. ‘wrinkle-skin’, old
hroðinn), v. (1) to unload (h. skip sín); woman.
(2) to strip, disable, esp. a ship in a sea- hrolla (-di), v. to shiver, shudder (hrol-
fight (hann hrauð öll víkingaskipin); (3) lir hugr minn).
impers., hrýðr e-u, it clears away; mun hrollr, m. shivering (from cold).
hroðit myrkvanum, the fog will have hross, n. (1) horse; (2) mare.
cleared away; hrauð upp ór honum miklu hrossa-bein, n. pl. horse bones; -fúl-
vatni, he brought up much water; (4) refl., ga, f. fodder or pay given to keep a horse;
hrauðsk ór skikkju, she threw off her man- -fœtr, m. pl. horses’ hoofs; -gaukr, m.
tle. the snipe; -geymsla, f. horse keeping;
hrjósa (hrýss, hraus, hrosit), v., -hús, n. stable; -höfn, f. horse pasture;
only in the phrase, hrýss mér hugr við, I -kipping, f. quarrel about horses; -kjöt,
shudder with horror (ávalt hrýss mér hugr n. horse flesh; -kyn, n. horse kin; -maðr,
við, er ek sé þik). m. groom; -reið, f. = hross-reið; -slátr,

258
hross-bak H hryggja
n. horse meat; -stóð, n. stud of horses and hróp-yrði, n. pl. slander, calumny.
mares; -stuldr, m., stud of horses and hrósa (að), v. to praise, with dat.; h.
mares; -taka, f. horse stealing; -vöndr, sér, to boast; h. sigri, to triumph.
m. horse-whip; -þjófr, m. horse-thief. hrósan, f. praise, boasting.
hross-bak, n. horseback; á -baki, on hrósari, m. boaster.
horseback; -bein, n. horse’s bone; -eigan- hrufa, f. rough surface, crust.
di, m. horse-owner; -fellir, m. loss of hrufla (að), v. to scratch.
horses (from hunger or disease); -fjöldi, hrukka, f. wrinkle.
m. drove of horses; -gjöf, f. the gift of a hruma (að), v. to enfeeble, make infirm;
horse; -gørsemi, f. a treasure of a horse, hrumaðr, infirm, worn by age.
a valuable horse; -hali, m. horse’s tail; hrum-ligr, a. infirm.
-hauss horse’s head (skull); -hús, n. sta- hrumr, a. infirm, decrepit, staggering
ble; -hvalr, m. walrus; -höfuð, n. (h. í göngu).
head’s head; -íss, m. ice that is strong hrundning, f. kicking, pushing.
enough to ride on; -klyf, f. horse pack; hrúðr, m. crust, scab on a sore.
-lifr, f. horse’s liver; -nautn, f. using hrúga, f. heap (liggja í hrúgu).
another’s horse; -neyzla, f. using anoth- hrúgald, n. heap, mass.
er’s horse; -reið, f. riding another’s horse; hrút-mánaðr, m. the third month of
-rófa, f. horse’s tail; -síða, f. horse’s side; winter (Dec.-Jan.).
-tagl, n. horse’s tail; -verð, n. the worth hrúðr (-s, -ar), m. ram.
of a horse; -þjófr, m. horse-stealer; -æta, hrúts-fall, n. a ram’s carcase; -gæra,
f. eater of horse-flesh. f. the skin and fleece of a ram; -höfuð, n.
hrosti, m. the mash (in brewing). a ram’s head; -mark, -merki, n. the sign
hrot-gás, f. barnacle-goose. Aries.
hrot-garmr, m. ‘howling dog’; -garmr hryðju-verk, n. foul deed, outrage.
viðar, fire (poet.). hrygð, f. affliction, grief, sorrow (mikil
hrotta-meiðr, m. warrior (poet.). hrygð ok hörmung).
hrotti, m. (1) sword (poet.); (2) a hrygðar-búnaðr, m. mourning dress;
coarse, rude fellow. -búningr, m. mourning dress; -dagr, m.
hróðr (gen. -rs and -rar), m. praise. day of sorrow; -efni, n. cause of sorrow;
hróðr-baðmr, -barmr, m. the famous -fullr, a. sorrowful, rueful; -mark, n.
branch (the mistletoe); -fúss, a. eager for token of sorrow; -samligr, a. mournful;
praise. -svipr, m. mournful look; -yfirbragð,
hróðugr, a. triumphant, glorious. n. mournful look.
hróf, n. shed (under which ships are hrygg-afl, n. strength of the back;
built or kept). -bjúgr, a. crook-backed; -brotinn, pp.
hrókr (-s, -ar), m. rook (the bird). broken-backed; -brotna (að), v. to break
hrókr, m. rook, castle (in chess). one’s back.
H

hróp, n. slander, foul words. hryggiligr, a. mournful, sad.

hrópa (að), v. (1) to slander, defame; (2) hryggja (-ða, -ðr), v. (1) to distress,
to shout (h. á e-n). grieve, with acc. (ekki hryggja mik hót

259
hrygg-knýttr H hröðuðr
þín); refl., hryggjast, to become sad or sor- hræði-liga, adv. dreadfully, fearfully;
rowful; (2) to cause to look sad (h. andlit -ligr, a. dreadful, fearful.
sitt). hræðinn, a. timid.
hrygg-knýttr, pp. humpbacked. hræ-dreyrugr, a. gory.
hrygg-leikr, m. = hrygð. hræfa (-ða, -t), v., h. um e-t, to bear
hrygg-lundir, f. pl. loins. with, tolerate; má ekki um þat h. lengr, it
hryggr (-jar, -ir), m. (1) backbone, is no longer tolerable.
spine; (2) ridge, mountain-ridge. hræ-gífr, n. ‘carrion beast’, wolf.
hryggr (acc. -van), a. afflicted, griev- hrækja (-ta, -tr), v. to spit; h. e-u út,
ed, sad; er þér hryggt í hug, art thou heavy to spit out.
of heart? hræla (að), v. to beat the loom with a
hrygg-spenna (-ta, -tr), v. to clasp weaver’s rod (hræll).
the arms round another’s back. hræll, m. weaver’s rod, slay.
hrygg-sterkr, a. strong-backed. hræ-ljómi, m., -log, n. the light from
hryggva, v. = hryggja (old form). decomposing matter.
hrygna, f. spawner. hræva-daunn, hræva-þefr, m. car-
hrym(j)ast (d), v. refl. to become old rion-smell; stench of dead bodies.
and infirm; hrymdr, infirm from age (h. hræzla, f. dread, fear.
bæði at sýn ok elli). hræzlu-fullr, a. in great fear; -gœði,
hryn-henda, f. a kind of metre (having n. timidity.
lines with four stresses). hrœða, f. disquiet, disturbance.
hrynja (hryn, hrunda, hruninn), hrœðu-lauss, a. free from disturbance,
v. (1) to fall in, collapse, topple down (veg- quiet, peaceable (sjaldan mun -laust vera í
grinn hrynr, björgin hrynja); (2) to flow, þessu heraði).
stream (hrundu tárin á kinnr honum); (3) hrœra (-ða, -ðr), v. (1) to move, stir
to fall loosely (klæðit hrundi ofan um (h. fingrna); h. í katlinum, to stir the pot;
hann); látum und hánum h. lukla, let the h. e-t saman, to mix up (h. saman allt,
keys rattle down from his girdle; (4) h. á moldina ok blóðit); (2) refl., hrœrast, to
hæla e-m, to shut upon one’s heels. move oneself, to be in motion (þá hrœrist
hryssa, f. mare (cf. ‘merhryssi’). heinin í höfuð Þór); to move from one’s
hrytr, m. snoring. place, to budge, stir (ek ætla héðan hvergi
hrýgja (-ða, -ðr), v. to heap together at hrœrast).
(h. hverjum ofan á annan). hrœrar, m. pl. groin.
hræ (gen. pl. hræva), n. (1) dead body, hrœriligr, a. movable.
carrion; (2) fragments (of a thing), scraps. hrœring (pl. -ar), f. (1) motion, stir;
hræða (-dda, -ddr), v. to frighten; re- (2) inclination.
fl., hræðast e-t or við e-t, to be afraid of, hrœsinn, a. boasting, vaunting.
to fear, dread. hrœsni, f. boasting, bragging.
hræddr, a. afraid (við e-t, of), fright- hrøðast, v. refl. to grow old and de-
ened (at); vera h. um, at, to fear, be afraid, crepit.
that. hröðuðr, m. ‘the swift one’, poet.

260
hrøkkla H hugð
name of fire. hugaðr, a. (1) courageous, bold; (2) h.
hrøkkla (að), v. to reel, totter. e-m vel (lítt), well (ill) disposed towards
hrøkkva (hrøkk; hrökk, hrukkum; one; (3) e-m er mest um e-t hugat, one
hrokkinn), v. (1) to fall back, recoil, be has most at heart (Hafliði kvað þat sýnt,
repelled; h. frá, to shrink back; h. fyrir e- at henni var mest um hann hugat).
m, to give way before one (gekk konungr hugað-samliga, adv. carefully; -samr,
svá hart fram, at allt hrökk fyrir honum); a. gentle, engaging.
h. undan, to give way, draw back, retreat hugaðs-rœða, f. sensible speech.
(hrukku Baglar þá undan); h. við, to stand huga-fullr, a. anxious; -góðr, a.
at bay, make a stand (verðr Sigvaldi nú við kind-hearted.
at h.); (2) to curl, of hair (hann hafði gult hugall, a. mindful, thoughtful.
hár, ok hrökk mjök); (3) to suffice. hugalt, adv. carefully (geyma h.).
hrøkkva (-ta, -tr), v. (1) h. e-u um e- hugan, f. care, concern (konungr bar
t, to lash (switch) with a thing; beit eigi hér mikla hugan fyrir).
heldr á en tálknskíði (a piece of whale- hugar-angr, n. heart’s grief; -bót, f.
bone) væri hrøkt um; (2) to spur or whip comfort; -ekki, m. heart-ache, distress of
a horse (eptir þat hrøkti hann hestinn); mind; -far, n. disposition, frame of mind;
(3) refl., hrøkkvast, to coil, wriggle, of a -fýst, f. desire; -góðr, a. kind of heart;
snake (undan honum hrøktist ein naðra -herði, f. hard-heartedness; -hrœring,
at Oddi); hrøkkvast aptr, to turn back (G. f. emotion; -hvarf, n. estrangement;
reið síðastr ok skyldi geyma, at engir -kraptr, m. strength of mind; -látliga,
hrøktist aptr). adv. amiably, gently; -lund, f. disposition
hrönn (gen. hrannar, pl. hrannir), of mind, fancy; -ótti, m. fright, anxiety;
f. wave; dat. pl., hrönnum, in heaps -reikan, f. wandering of mind; -ruglan,
(drepr hann hirðmenn konungs niðr f. wandering of mind; -sturlan, f. insan-
hrönnum). ity; -styrkr, m. strength of mind; -um-
hrør, n. corpse = hrer. skipti, n. pl. change of mind; -válað, n.
hrørast, v. refl. = hrøðast. anguish of mind; -œði, f. fury; -œsingr,
hrør-ligr, a. dilapidated, ruinous. m. excitement, agitation of mind.
hrørna (að), v. (1) to fall into decay (of hugat, adv. frankly, sincerely (mæla
buildings); (2) to wither (tréit deyr, þegar hugat).
þat hrørnar). hug-ást, f. heartfelt affection; unna -ás-
huga (að), v. (1) to excogitate, think out tum, to love with all one’s heart; -blauðr,
(hugat hefi ek mér ráð); (2) h. e-m e-t, a. cowardly; -bleyði, f. cowardice;
to think of, intend, for one (verk hefi ek -blíðr, a. gentle of mind; -boð, n. fore-
hugat þér); (3) h. at e-u, to attend to, look boding, anticipation, fancy (þat er nær
after (þá var at hugat sárum Kormaks); h. mínu -boði, at); -boðit, pp. n., hafa e-
um e-t, to be concerned about; h. fyrir e-u, t -boðit, to intend; -borð, n. courage;
H

to provide for. -borg, f. the breast (poet.); -bót, f. com-

hugað-látr, a. engaging, amiable; fort; -brigðr, a. fickle, false (við e-n).
-liga, adv. amiably, lovingly. hugð, f., only in compds., hugðar-.

261
hugða H hugr
hugða, f. interest, affection; leggja mindful, attentive; -kœmligr, a. =
hugðu til e-s, to take interest in, feel af- -kvæmligr; -lauss, a. faint-hearted, cow-
fection for one (konungr leggr enga hugðu ardly; -leggja (see leggja), v. to lay to
til hests síns); mæla, rœða af hugðu, to mind, to reflect on; -leiða (-dda, -ddr),
speak from one’s heart. v. to pay attention to, consider; -leiðing,
hugðar-erindi, n. a matter which one f. reflection; -létt, a. n., e-m er -létt =
has at heart; -maðr, m. intimate friend; e-m er -hœgt; -léttir, m. mind’s ease,
-mál, n. = -erindi. comfort; -leikit, pp. n., mér er eigi -leik-
hug-dirfa (-ða, -ðr), v. to encourage; it at, I have no mind to; -leysa, f., faint-
-dirfð, f. courage; -djarfr, a. coura- heartedness; -leysi, n. faint-heartedness;
geous, stout-hearted. -lítill, a. fainthearted; -ljúfi, m. dar-
hugðu-maðr, m. = hugðar-maðr. ling; (hann var ljúfi allra manna); -maðr,
hug-dyggr, a. steadfast; -fastliga, m. bold man; -mannliga, adv. boldly.
adv. steadfastly; -fastr, a. steadfast, hugna (að), v. to please; e-m hugnar e-
fixed in one’s mind; e-m er e-t -fast, one is t, one is pleased, satisfied with a thing; im-
bent on; -fátt, a. n., e-m verðr fátt, one pers., mér hugnar vel (illa) við e-n, I am
loses heart; -feldr, a. agreeable; -festa pleased (displeased) with one; refl., hug-
(-sta, -str), v. (1) to fix in one’s mind; (2) nast = hugna.
to make up one’s mind about; -fullr, a. hug-prúðr, a. stout-hearted, noble;
full of courage. -prýði, f. courage, nobleness.
hugga (að), v. to comfort, console; refl., hugr (-ar, -ir), m. (1) mind; í hug eða
huggast, to be comforted. verki, in mind or act; vera í hug e-m,
huggan, f. comfort, consolation. to be in one’s mind; koma e-m í hug, to
hugganar-orð, n. word of comfort; come into one’s mind, occur to one; leiða
-ván, f. hope of comfort. e-t hugum, to consider; ganga (líða, hver-
huggandi, m. comforter. fa) e-m ór hug, to pass out of one’s mem-
huggari, m. comforter. ory, to be forgotten; snúa hug sínum eptir
hug-góðr, a. kind-hearted, cheerful; (at, frá) e-u, to turn one’s mind after (to,
-gæfr, a. cheerful; -gœði, n. goodness from); mæla um hug sér, to feign, dissem-
of heart; -hress, a. cheerful, at ease; ble; orka tveggja huga um e-t, to be of two
-hreysti, f. courage; -hvarf, n. change minds about a thing; orkast hugar á e-t,
of mind; telja e-m -hvarf, to persuade one to resolve; ef þér lér nökkut tveggja huga
to change his mind; -hœgr, a., e-m er um þetta, if thou be of two minds about
-hœgt, one feels at ease. the matter; (2) mood, heart, temper, feel-
hugi, m. mind (= hugr); illum huga, ing; góðr h., kind heart; illr h., ill temper,
with evil mind, ill, badly; hafa e-t í huga, spite; heill h., sincerity; reynast hugi við,
to have in one’s mind, to think of; leiða e-t to make close acquaintance; hugir þeirra
huga, to consider. fóru saman, they loved each other; (3) de-
huginn, m. the wise raven of Odin. sire, wish; leggja hug á e-t, to lay to heart,
hug-kvæmligr, a. ingenious, apt; take interest in; leggja lítinn hug á e-t, to
-kvæmr, (1) recurring to one’s mind; (2) mind little, neglect; leggja hug á konu, to

262
hug-rakkr H hund-gá
fall in love with a woman; mér leikr h. á a. strong of mind; -stiginn, pp. in high
e-u, I long (wish) for a thing; e-m rennr spirits; -stolinn, pp. mad, crazy;
h. til e-s, to have affection for one; mér -stórr, a. high-minded; -stœðr, a. (1)
er engi hugr á at selja hann, I have no fixed in one’s mind; (2) vera -stœtt til e-
mind to sell him; (4) foreboding; svá se- s, to be opposed to one; -sýki, f. anxiety;
gir mér h. um, I forebode; hann kvað sér -sýkja (-ta, -tr), v. to make one anxious;
illa hug sagt hafa (he had evil forebod- -tregi, m. affliction, grief; -trúr, a.
ings) um hennar gjaforð; mér býðr hugr true, faithful.
um e-t, I anticipate (eptir gekk mér þat, hugum-stórr, a. great of heart.
er mér bauð hugr um); mér býðr e-t í hug-veikr, a. weak-minded; -vit, n.
hug, it enters my mind, I think; gøra sér í understanding, sagacity; -þekkr, a. en-
hug, to imagine; (5) courage; h. ræðr hál- deared to one, after one’s heart (-þekkr all-
fum sigri, a stout heart is half the battle; ri alþýðu); -þokkaðr, pp. well disposed;
herða huginn (hug sinn), to take heart, -þokki, m. mind, disposition, judgement
exert oneself. (hefir þetta farit eptir -þokka mínum);
hug-rakkr, a. stout-hearted; -raun, f. -þungt, a. n., e-m er -þungt, one is de-
(1) trial of one’s mind; (2) trial of valour; pressed.
-rekki, f. courage, intrepidity; -ren- huld, f. giantess, = trollkona.
ning, f. thought; -ró, f. peace of mind. hulda, f. (1) cover, veil (mikil þoka ok
hug-ró, f. clinch on a sword’s hilt. h. liggr yfir eyju þeirri); (2) hiding, secre-
hug-rúnar, f. pl. ‘mind-runes’. cy; drepa huldu á e-t, to hide, conceal a
hugsa (að), v. to think, think upon; matter.
hugsat hefi ek kostinn, I have thought huldar-höttr, m. hood of disguise.
over the terms; h. eptir um e-t, to con- huliðr, pp. hidden, obscure.
sider; h. e-t fyrir sér, to ponder over, re- huliðs-hjálmr, hulins-, m. ‘hiding
flect upon; h. um e-t, to think about; h. sik helmet’; bregða -hjálmi yfir e-n, to make
um e-t, to take counsel with oneself about one invisible.
a thing, consider. hulning, f. hiding, covering.
hugsan, f. (1) thought, thinking; bera h. humarr (gen. -s, pl. humrar), m. lob-
fyrir e-u, to ponder over; (2) opinion (hér ster; humra fjöll, waves (poet.).
em ek í annari h.). humótt, f. = hámót.
hugsanar-augu, n. pl. mental vision, hunang, n. honey.
intellect; -stund, f., -tími, m. time for hunang-ligr, a. honeyed.
consideration or reflection. hunangs-dögg, f., -fall, n. honey
hugsi, a. indecl. thoughtful, meditative, dew; -ilmr, m. smell of honey; -lœkr, m.
absent-minded (hann fór jafnan sem h. stream of honey.
væri). hund-, in compds., very, extremely;
hug-sjúkr, a. distressed, anxious; -djarfr, a. exceedingly bold; -forn, a.
H

-skot, n. mind, soul; -sótt, f. care, anxi- very old.

ety, concern; -speki, f. sagacity, foresight; hund-gá, f. barking; -heiðinn, a. ‘dog-
-steinn, m. the heart (poet.); -sterkr, heathen’, = heiðinn sem hundr.

263
hund-margr H húsa-bœr
hund-margr, a. innumerable. húð-keipr, m. canoe of skin, kayak;
hundr (-s, -ar), m. dog, hound; vera -lát, n. loss of one’s hide, flogging;
ór hunda hljóði or hljóðum, to have made -skór, m. a shoe of raw hide; -strjúka
one’s escape. (see strjúka), v. to flog; -stroka, f.
hundrað (pl. hundruð), n. hundred; flogging; -strýkja (-ta, -tr), v. to flog;
tírœtt h. = 100; tólfrœtt h. = 120; hun- -þak, n. roof of hides; -þekja (see þek-
druðum, by (in) hundreds; as value, one ja), v. to cover with hides.
hundred and twenty ells of the stuff wad- húfa, f. (1) cap, bonnet; (2) vault, ceiling
mal; h. frítt, a hundred paid in cattle; tólf of a church (hann lét penta húfuna).
hundruð mórend, twelve hundred in dark- húfr (-s, -ar), m. hulk or hull of a ship
striped wadmal; hundrað silfrs, ? the silver (undir húfinn á skipi).
value of 120 ells (= 20 ounces). húka (-ta, -t), v. to squat.
hundrað-faldr, a. hundredfold. húm, n. twilight, dusk.
hundraðs-höfðingi, m. centurion. húma (að), v. to grow dusk (var nú mjök
hunds-bit, n. bite of a dog; -soð, n. húmat).
broth made from a dog. húna-land, n. the land of the Huns.
hund-tík, f. bitch. húnar, m. pl. the Huns.
hund-villr, a. utterly lost, quite astray; hún-bora, f. the hole in the mast-head
-víss, a. very wise (hundvíss jötunn). through which the halyard went; vinda segl
hungr (gen. -rs), m. and n. hunger. við -boru, to hoist the sail; -dreginn, pp.
hungra (að), v. impers., e-n hungrar, hoisted to the top; -kastali, m. the crow’s
one hungers; hungraðr, a. hungry. nest at the mast-head (á knörrunum vóru
hurð (pl. -ir), f. door; h. er aptr, the húnkastalar).
door is shut; drepa á h., to knock at the húnir, m. pl. the Huns.
door. hún-lenzkr, a. Hunnish; -megir, m.
hurðar-ásar, m. pl. ‘door-beams’; pl. = Húnar, Húnir.
-bak, n. the back of a door; at -baki, be- húnn (-s, -ar), m. the knob at the top of
hind the door; -bora, f. small hole in a the mast-head; draga segl við hún (í hún
door; -flaki, m. hurdle; -hringr, m. upp), vinda upp segl við húna, to hoist a
door-ring; -járn, n. door-hinge; -klofi, sail to the top.
m. door-groove; -oki, a cross-plank join- húnn (-s, -ar), m. (1) bear’s cub; (2)
ing the boards of a door (þá boraði A. urchin, boy (poet.).
hurðarokann). húnskr, a. = húnlenzkr, hýnskr.
hurð-áss, m. ‘door-beam’. hús, n. house (leita nú um hvert h. á
huttututu, interj., to express shiver- þeim bœ); pl. the group of buildings on a
ing from cold. farm, = bær; taka hús (pl.) á e-m, to take
húð (pl. -ir), f. hide (of cattle). a person by surprise in his house; at húsa
húðar-þvengr, m. a thong cut out of a baki, at the back of the houses.
hide. húsa (að), v. to build houses, furnish
húð-fat, n. a kind of hammock. with houses (Uni húsaði þar).
húðfats-félagi, m. hammock mate. húsa-bœr, m. farmstead, farmhouses;

264
hús-bak H hvar
-kostr, m. lodgings, house-accommoda- quarter) the wind blew, meðan ek veit eigi
tion; -kot, n. cottage; -kynni, n. pl. = vist, h. G. hinn ríki stendr at, as long as
-kostr; -mót, n. pl. the joining of build- I know not what side G. takes; (2) from
ings; -skipan, f. arrangement of build- wheresoever; h. sem, from what place or
ings; -snotra, f. an ornament on a gable- source soever; hann siglir h. sem á cr, he
head or on a ship; -topt, f. house walls sails, whatever wind may blow; h. æfa,
(without the roof); -umbœtr, f. pl. from every side (þustu þá borgarmenn h.
house repairs; -viðr, m. house-timber; æfa at þeim); on all sides; hann vann svá,
-vist, f. abode (hann tekr sér þar -vist). at h. æfa vóru á honum hendrnar, he
hús-bak, n. back of the houses; -bóndi, worked as if he had hands all over him.
m. master of the house; -brenna, f. house- hval-föng, n. pl. stores of whale (blub-
burning, arson; -búnatr, m. house fur- ber); -gröf, f. whale pit (where blubber
niture, esp. hangings, tapestry; -búmin- was kept); -járn, n. harpoon; -kaup, n.
gr, m. house furniture, esp. hangings, ta- purchase of whale-blubber; -kálfr, m.
pestry; -dyrr, f. pl. house doors; -endi, young whale; -koma, f. stranding of
m. house end, gable; -fastr, a. domiciled; whales.
-freyja, f., -frú, f. (1) mistress of the hvalr (-s, -ar, and -ir), m. whale;
house; (2) wife; -gafl, m. house-gable; skera hval, to flense a whale.
-ganga, f. ‘house-walking’, visits; -gan- hval-reit, f., stranding of whales; -re-
gr, m. begging from house to house (fara ki, m., stranding of whales; -rekstr, m.
á -gang); -gumi, m. = -bóndi; -göngull, stranding of whales; -rif, n. whale’s rib;
a. making many visits; -gørð, f. house- -saga, f. news of a whale.
making. hvals-auki, m. spermaceti.
húsi, m. case (skæra-húsi, scissor case). hval-skurðr, m. flensing (cutting up)
hús-karl, m. (1) house-carle, man-ser- of a whale; -skyti, m. whale harpooner.
vant; (2) pl. the king’s men, his body- hvammr (-s, -ar), m. grassy hollow or
guard. little vale (kaus hann sér bústað í hvammi
húskarla-lið, n. body of house-carles. einum).
hús-kona, f. housewife, lady of the hvann-njóli, m. angelica-stalk.
house; -kytja, f. hovel. hvar, adv. (1) where, in or at what place
húsl, n. housel; húsla (að), v. to (h. vartu í nótt, eða h. er þitt heimili?);
housel, administer the Eucharist to one h. skulu vit á leita? where shall we search?;
(var húslaðr ok dó síðan). (2) where, to what place, whither (sé ek
hús-mœnir, m. ridge of a house; nú, h. sök horfir); (3) anywhere; hér fra-
-prúðr, a. = hýbýla-prúðr; -veggr, m. marr en h. annars staðar, here more than
house wall; -þekja, f. housethatch; -þing, anywhere else; (4) in each place (urðu þrjú
n. council, meeting (to which a king or þing í hverjum fjórðungi ok skyldu þing-
chief summoned his people or guards- nautar eiga hvar saksóknir saman); hér
H

men). ok h., here and there, now here now there;

hvaðan, adv. (1) whence; þóttist engi víðast h., in most places, in most instances;
vita, h. veðr var á, whence (from what h. sem, wherever (h. sem hann fór); (5)

265
hvarf H hvatr
ever so, very; h. fjarri, ever so far, very far gen., h. er þat fira, flagða, drauma, fiska?
Off (ek ligg einn í húsi ok kerling mín, en what sort of men. witches, dreams, fishes?
h. fjarri öðrum mönnum); víðara h., ever h. manna ertu? what sort of a man art
so much farther (um allt Hálogaland ok þó thou?; with dat., hann spurði, h. mön-
víðara h.); h. meiri, ever more, much more num þeir væri, what kind of men they
(ek skal þó h. meiri stund á leggja). were; (2) implying an answer in the neg-
hvarf, n. disappearance (h. Iðunnar); ative, to what end? of what use? (h. skal
rann hann þeim þar h., he ran out of their rögum manni langt vápn?) (3) how, = hve,
sight. hversu; fréttir hann nú, h. liði bónorðs-
hvarfa (að), v. (1) to be turned round; málum, how the was going on; II. indef.
lét hann sér í hendi h. ker gullit, he rolled pron. (1) each, every; h. at öðru, ‘each
the gold cup round in his hand; (2) stroll with the other’, everything; þat lið, er hon-
about (fílamir hvarfa um skóginn); e-m um fylgdi, flýr sér hvat, scattered in all di-
hvarfar hugr, one’s mind wavers; (3) h. í rections; h. bíðr sinnar stundar, there is a
milli, to stand between (in the way). time for everything; (2) = hvatki, with the
hvar-fúss, a. fickle (poet.). relat. part. ‘er (es)’ or ‘sem’; h. sem or h.
hvargi, adv. in each (every) place, es, whatsoever; (3) with compar., ever so
everywhere; h. er (or sem), wheresoever much; hann var til hans h. betr en til sin-
(h. er þú tekr land). na barna, he was ever so much kinder to
hvar-leiðr, a. loathsome to all men. him than to his own children.
hvarmr (-s, -ar), m. eyelid. hvata (að), v. (1) to hasten, with dat.,
hvars, adv. = hvar es, wheresoever. h. för sinni, h. ferðinni, to hasten one’s
hvar-vetna, adv. everywhere. journey; h. göngunni, to quicken one’s
hvass, a. (1) sharp, keen (h. knífr, pace; h. báli, to hurry on the bonfire; (2)
hvössøxi, hvasst vápn); pointed, tapering absol., to hasten, speed (h. til skipa, h.
(h. hjálmr); (2) fig., of the intellect, keen heim).
(hvasst næmi); of the eyes or sight (hvöss hvata-, gen. pl. from ‘hvöt’.
augu, hvöss sjón); (3) sharp, acute; hvasst hvata-buss, m. busybody; -maðr, m.
hljóð, a sharp sound; (4) of wind, sharp, prompter.
fresh (h. byrr, hvasst veðr, andviðri). hvatan, acc. from ‘hvatr’, at a quick
hvass-eggjaðr, a. keen-edged; -eygr, pace (ríða h.).
a. keen-eyed; -leikr, m. sharpness; hvati, m. hurry, haste.
-leitr, a. sharp-looking; -liga, adv. hvatki, indef. pron. (1) each thing,
sharply; -nefiaðr, a. sharp-nebbed; everything for itself (munu þér þá vita til
-tenntr, a. sharp-toothed; -viðri, n. hvers h. kemr); (2) with ‘er’; h. er (es),
sharp gale, = hvasst veðr. whatsoever (heill Atla, h. es þik dreymir).
hvat (old gen. hvess, dat. hví), neut. hvat-látr, a. quick; -leikr, m.
pron. I. interrog. (1) what (h. sýnist þér alacrity, activity (-leikr í orrostum);
ráð?); h. er þér, Hjálmar? what is the mat- -liga, adv. quickly (riða -liga); -ligr, a.
ter with thee, H.?; expressing wonder, quick, brisk; -ligt lið, active troops.
what sort of? (h. Øgmundr ertu?); with hvatr, a. active, brisk, vigorous (h.

266
hvat-ræði H hvelpr
maðr, h. hugr); neut. ‘hvatt’ as adv. konur).
quickly (riða hvatt, sem hvatast). hvárt, neut. from ‘hvárr’, as interr.
hvat-ræði, n. quick action; -skeyti, n. adv., whether, direct and indirect; h.
precipitancy; -skeytiligr, a. rash, head- grætr þú? whether dost thou weep (or not)?
long. h. skal ek fara eðr eigi? whether shall I go
hvat-vetna (gen. hvers-, dat. hví- or not? hann vildi vita, h. hann var í bryn-
vetna), pron. n. anything whatever; vex ju, he wanted to know whether he wore a
þér hvatvetna í augu, everything grows big coat of mail; with the rel. part. er (es or
in thy eyes; var Hrafn fyrir þeim í hvívet- sem), h. er … eða, whether … or (h. er
na, H. was superior in every respect. þeir töluðu hér til fleira eða færra).
hvat-vísi, f. temerity; -vísliga, adv. hvárz = hvárts = hvárt es (= er).
rashly; -viss, a. rash, headlong, reckless hvé, adv. (1) how, in what manner (hvé
(maðr hvatvíss ok óvitr). fór með þeim?); h. heitir þú? how art thou
hválf, n. (1) vault; (2) concavity (of a named?; (2) qualifying an adj. or adv.,
shield). how, to what extent; h. gamall maðr hann
hválfa (-da, -t), v. = hólfa. væri, how old he was; þeir vissu eigi, h.
hváll (-s, -ar), m. hill, hillock, knoll fram var, they did not know the time of
(dalr var í hválinum). day; h. nær? when? (hvé nær mun hann
hváptr (-s, -ar), m. mouth, chops. heim koma?)
hvárgi (neut. hvárki and hvártki), hvégi, adv. howsoever, always with a
indef. pron. neither (of two); h. þeirra, following particle, er (es) or sem (h. lengi
neither of them; neut. ‘hvárki’ as adv., sem, h. viða sem).
hvárki … né, neither … nor (hefir h. hveim, dat. from the obsolete pron.
heyrt til hans styn né hósta). ‘hvar’ = hverr; (1) to whom? (h. eru bekkir
hvárgin-ligr, a. neuter (-ligt kyn). baugum sánir?); (2) to any (manni h., or
hvárigr or hvárugr, indef. pron. nei- manna h.) h. er (es), to whomsoever
ther, = hvárgi. (orðstírr deyr aldregi hveim, er sér góðan
hvárr, pron. (1) which (of the two) in getr).
pl. of two parties, hvárir sigrast, which of hveiti, n. wheat; -akr, m. wheatfield;
both (hosts) will gain the day; (2) each (of -mjöl, n. wheat meal, flour.
the two); h. við annan, each to the oth- hvel, n. wheel; á hverfanda hveli, on it
er; sinn veg h., each his own way; (3) at whirling wheel.
hváru, yet, nevertheless, however. hvelfa (-da, -dr), v. to upset, overturn,
hvárrgi, pron. = hvárgi. with dat. (hann hvelfdi nökkvanum
hvárr-tveggi, -tveggja, pron. each undir sér); impers., skipinu hvelfdi, the
of the two, either, both; (1) as adj., ór hvár- ship capsized.
ritveggju hlustinni, out of both ears; (2) hvell-mæltr, a. clear-voiced.
as subst. with gen., -tveggi þeirra, both hvellr, a. shrill, sharp in tone (h lúðr);
H

of them; with a possess., -tveggi okkarr, hvell rödd, a clear voice; mæla. (tala) hátt
both of us; (3) the neut. hvárttveggja, ok hvellt, to speak loud and clearly.
used as adv., both (hvárttveggja karlar ok hvelpr (-s, -ar), m. whelp.

267
hvenar H hverr
hvenar, adv. when? (= hvé nær). district.
hverfa (hverf; hvarf, hurfum; hverfa (-ða, -ðr), v. (1) to turn a thing
horfinn); v. (1) to have a circular or ro- (in a certain direction); h. e-m hugi (acc.
tatory motion, turn round (himinn hverfr); pl.), to change a person’s mind; (2) h. e-u
with acc. of the place, himin h. þau skulu um e-t, to enclose with a thing; vera hver-
hverjan dag, they shall wheel round the fðr útan um e-t, to encircle a thing.
heaven every day, of the sun and moon; hverfi, n. cluster of farms.
(2) to be lost to sight (h. at sýn); to disap- hverf-lyndi, n. fickleness; -lyndr, a.
pear, vanish (hverfa af himni heiðar stjör- fickle-minded.
nur); e-m hverfr e-t, one loses a thing hverfr, a. (1) shifty, changeable (h.
(Mávi hurfu sauðir nökkurir); síðan hvarf hugr); (2) neut., hverft, quickly (fara h.;
hann þeim, he vanished out of their sight; stýra h.).
(3) with preps. and advs., h. af at gera e- hverf-ráðr, a. fickle, wavering.
t, to leave off doing a thing; h. aptr, to turn hverfull, a. shifty, changeable.
back, return; aptr hverfr lygi, þá er sönnu hvergi, pron. (1) each, every one (hann
mœtir, a lie recoils before the truth; h. at lét sem hann eigi vissi, hvat h. talaði);
e-m, to throng around one (þá hurfu þegar (2) adding ‘er’ or ‘sem’, whosoever (h. er
at honum allir ok fögnuðu honum); h. at þá beiðir); hverngi veg sem (howsoever)
e-u, to turn to, to adopt (h. at e-u ráði); h. hann vill svara.
brott, to disappear; h. eptir e-m, to follow hvergi, adv. (1) nowhere (hann undi
one; h. frá e-u, to turn away from; gørðu- h.); h. annars staðar, nowhere else; (2) by
t far festa, áðr þeir frá hyrfi, they did not no means, not at all; vil ek h. ara, I shall
moor the boat before they turned away; to not go at all; vera h. fœrr, to be quite un-
leave off (nú skal þar til taka, sem fyrr var able to go; h. nær, far from it (h. nær
frá horfit); h. í sundr, to part; h. til e-s, allir); with compar. (Bergr var þess h.
to turn (go) to one, or to a place (hlæjan- fúsari); alls h., nowhere at all.
di Guðrún hvarf til skemmu); esp. to go hver-gætir, m. ‘cauldron-keeper’, cook
to one and take leave (Gunnar hverfr til (poet.).
allra manna, er hann er búinn); to fall to hverigr, pron. = hvergi.
one’s lot, accrue to one (þótti stór heill til hvernig, adv. how (= hvern veg).
hans horfit hafa); h. um e-t, to encircle, hvernin, adv. = hvernig.
surround (h. um hodd goða); h. undan e- hvernug, adv. = hvernig.
m, to be withdrawn from, lost to one (hvarf hverr (-s, -ar), m. (1) kettle, cauldron;
ríki í Noregi undan Dana konungum);(4) (2) hot spring (hverrinn var bæði heitr ok
horfinn, pp. (1) surrounded (bœrinn var djúpr); holtriða h., ‘rock-cauldron’, cave.
h. mönnum); vera vel vinum h., to be well hverr, pron. (1) interrog., used both
backed by friends; vel um horfit, in good substantively and adjectively, who,
condition (þar stóð naust ok var vel um which, what? hverjar ero þær meyjar? who
horfit); (2) abandoned, forsaken; heillum are these maids? h. á hestinn? who owns
h., forsaken by luck; sök h., having lost the the horse? h. er þessi maðr? who is this
suit; heraði h., bereft of a dwelling in the man? hvern enda? what end? (2) indef.

268
hvers-dagliga H hvíla
each, every one, as subst., with gen.; hviða, f. squall of wind.
manna h., every man; fróðra h., every hvika (að), v. to quail, shrink, waver (=
wise man; h. várr, each of us; as adj., h. h. undan); impers., hví hvikar þér svá?
gumi, every man; hverjan or hvern dag, why art thou so slow?
every day; as adv., í hverju, moment hvikan, f. wavering.
(veðrit óx í hverju); (3) any (fyrir útan hvik-saga, f. idle lale, slander.
hverja hjálp); (4) with the relat. part. ‘er’ hvim-leiðr, a. loathsome, detested (-
or ‘sem’, whosoever, whichever (þá skulu leiðr bæði trollum ok mönnum).
þeir þegar drepa hann h. sem hann er); hvimsi, a. taken aback, discomfited
(5) with another pron. or adj; h. at (verða h. við).
öðrum, one after another (hverja nótt ep- hvinn, m. pilferer; hvinnska, f. larce-
tir aðra); at öðru hverju, every now and ny; hvinnskr, a. thievish.
then, hverir tveir, every two and two; þrið- hvinr, m. whiz, whistling (h. örvarin-
ja hvert ár, every three years (= á hverjum nar; hvinrinn af högginu).
þremr árum); hverr … sinn, every one … hvirfill (gen. -s, dat. hvirfli), m. (1)
his (hverr maðr í sínu rúmi); (6) relat. circle, ring; (2) crown of the head (milli
(rare), who, which. hvirfils ok ilja).
hvers-dagliga, adv. (1) every day; (2) hvirfil-vindr, m. whirlwind.
commonly, generally (eigi var hón hvirfing, f., hvirfingr, m. (1) circle
margmælt -dagliga); -dagligr, a. (1) (of men); setjast í hvirfing, to sit down in
every day; (2) common. a circle; (2) drinking match (drekka hvirf-
hversdags-maðr, m. an every-day ing).
man, ordinary person. hvirfings-bróðir, m. club-mate;
hvers-konar, -kyns, adv. of every -drykkja, f. drinking bout (in a sort of
kind (á -konar lund). club or guild).
hversu, adv. how, = hvé. hvirfla (að), v. to whirl, spread (þær
hvert, adv. (1) whither, where (Gunnar ætinþu at h. heyit).
sagði þeim, h. hann ætlaði); (2) h. er, hviss, interj. whew!
whithersoever (h. er hann ferr). hví, (1) an old dat. of ‘hvat’; þá spurði
hver-vetna, adv. everywhere (= Hallr, hví þat sætti, then H. asked what
hvarvetna). was the matter; fyrir hví, why, wherefore
hvessa (-ta, -tr), v. (1) to sharpen, (fyrir h. biðr þú eigi lækningar?); (2) adv.
whet (h. spjót); h. augun á e-t, to look why? = fyrir hví (hví ertu svá fölr?).
keenly or hard at; (2) to stir up, instigate; hvíla (-da, -dr), v. (1) with acc. to rest;
(3) impers., hvessir (acc.), it blows up a h. lið sitt, to let one’s troops rest; h. sik,
gale. to take rest (þeir hvíldu sik þar ok eyki sí-
hvetja (hvet; hvatta, hvöttum; na); hvíldr, rested (þeir hafa mœdda hes-
hvattr), v. (1) to whet, sharpen (h. ta, en vér höfum alla hvílda); refl.,
H

sverð); (2) to encourage (síðan hvatti hann hvílast = h. sík; (2) to lie, rest, sleep in a
lið sitt); hvat hvatti þik hingat? what bed (h. í rekkju sinni); h. hjá e-m, to sleep
urged thee to come here? with one; (3) to lie buried (til staðarins þar

269
hvíla H hyggja
sem Ólafr hinn helgi hvílir). hvíti, f. fair complexion.
hvíla, f. bed; ganga (fara) til hvílu, to hvítingr, m. a kind of whale.
go to bed. hvít-klæddr, pp. clad in white;
hvíl-beðr, m. bed of rest; -brögð, n. -leikr, m. whiteness.
pl. = hvílubrögð. hvítna (að), v. to become white.
hvíld, f. (1) rest, repose (taka h. or hvítr, a. white (hvítt silfr); h. á hár,
hvíldir); (2) pause (þá var h. nökkur á um white-haired.
bardagann). hvít-röndóttr, a. white-striped;
hvíldar-dagr, m. day of rest, the Sab- -skeggjaðr, a. white-bearded; -skinn,
bath; -hestr, m. relay horse; -lauss, a. n. white skin, ermine; -váðungr (-s,
restless. -ar), m. one dressed in white weeds (hví-
hví-líkr, a. of what kind or sort. taváðir).
hvílu-brögð, n. pl. cohabitation; hvæsa (-ta, -t), v. to hiss, of serpents
-félagi, m. bed-fellow; -gólf, n. bed (h. sem höggormr).
closet; -klæði, n. pl. bed-clothes; hvæsa, hvæsing, f. hissing.
-tollr, m. hire of a bed; -þröng, f. want hvönn (gen. hvannar, pl. hvannir),
of room in one’s bed. f. angelica.
hvína (hvín; hvein, hvinum; hvörfun, f. vacillation; á h., wavering
hvininn), v. to whiz, whistle (örvar hvinu (var á h. hugr minn of þat).
hjá þeim öllum megin). hvöt (gen. hvatar, pl. hvatir), f. in-
hvískr, n. whisper, whispering. stigation, encouragmient, impulse.
hvískra (að), v. whisper. hvötuðr, m. encourager, instigator.
hvísl, n., hvísla, f. whisper. hvötun, f. instigation, egging; ganga at
hvísla (að), v. = hvískra; recipr., hvís- h. e-s, to follow one’s egging.
last, to whisper to one another. hyggendi, f. wisdom, prudence.
hvíta-björn, m. white bear, polar bear; hyggi-liga, adv. wisely, prudently;
-dagar, m. pl. ‘the white days, Whitsun- -ligr, a. wise, prudent.
week. hygginn, a. wise, prudent, intelligent
hvítadaga-helgr, f. Whitsuntide; -vi- (þeir er hyggnastir vóru).
ka, f. Whitsun-week. hyggja (hygg, hugða, hugðr and
hvíta-kristr, m. the white Christ. hugaðr), v. (1) to think, believe; hugðu
hvít-armr, a. white-armed. þó mjök sér hvárir-tveggju, they were of
hvíta-sunna, f. Whitsunday. different opinions; (2) to guess; fár hyggr
hvítasunnu-dagr, m. = hvítasunna. þegjanda þörf, few can guess the needs of
hvíta-váðir, f. pl. the white dress worn him that is silent; (3) to intend, purpose
by those newly baptized. (sóknargögn þau, er hann hugði fram at
hvít-beinn, a. white-legged; fœra); mæla fagrt, ok flátt h., to speak fair
-fjaðraðr, a. white-feathered; -fyøsa and mean false; mæla hugat (af hugðu), to
(-ti, -t), v. to be white with foam; -had- speak sincerely; (4) h. e-m e-t, to intend
daðr, a. white-haired, light-haired (mey- a thing for one, to have in store for one
jar -haddaðar); -hárr, a. white-haired. (þóttist þann vita, at honum mundi slíkr

270
hyggja H hý-róg
kostr hugaðr); h. e-m vel, to be well dis- last e-n = hylla sik e-m; h. e-n at, to pay
posed towards a person; h. e-u illa, to be homage to.
ill pleased with; ok munu þau vel h. (they hylli, f. favour, grace (hafa guðs h.).
will be glad), er þau hafa akrinn; (5) with hylma (-da, -dr), v., h. yfir e-u, to
preps., h. af e-u, to leave off thinking hide, conceal (þarf ekki lengr yfir þessu at
about, forget or drop (h. af harmi, heim- h.).
sku); h. af um leitina, to give up the hylming, f. concealment.
search; h. at e-u, to attend to, mind, look hylr (-jar, -ir), m. deep place, pool, in
at; konungr hugði vandliga at man- a river (í hylnum undir fossinum).
ninum, the king looked closely at the man; hyrna, f. point of an axe-head.
h. á e-t, to think of (h. á flótta); ef hann hyrndr, a. (1) horned (hyrnd kýr); (2)
á grið hygði, if he thought of any breach angular (þrí-, fer-, átt-hyrndr).
of faith; h. fyrir e-u, to look to, take heed hyrning (pl. -ar), f. corner, nook (of a
to (hygg nú svá fyrir hag þínum); h. til house or room).
e-s, to look forward to with pleasure, &c. hyrningr, m. (1) a horned man (a bish-
(hversu hyggr þú til at deyja? gott hygg ek op wearing a mitre); (2) angle (þrí-hyrn-
til bana míns); h. um e-t, to think about a ingr, triangle).
thing; h. um með e-m, to deliberate with hyrr (gen. hyrjar), m. fire (poet.).
one about a thing; (6) refl., hyggjast, to hyski, n. = hýski.
think; hyggst þú betr gøra munu? thinkst hýbýla-, gen. pl. from hýbýli; -bót, n.
thou thou canst do it better? h. fyrir, to bettering of one’s homestead; -brestr, m.
hesitate; hyggst vætr hvatr fyrir, a valiant home loss; -hættir, m. pl. home affairs,
man flinches for nought. home manners; -prúðr, a. keeping a hos-
hyggja, f. thought, mind, opinion. pitable house (A. var -prúðr ok gleðimaðr
hyggjandi, f. = hyggendi. mikill); -skömm, f. disgrace to the home.
hyggju-leysi, n. thoughtlessness. hý-býli, n. pl. (1) home, homestead,
hyggnast (að), v., h. af e-m, to gain house (í annarra manna hýbýlum); (2)
knowledge from one. household.
hylda (-lda, -ldr), v. (1) to cut up (tak- hýða (-dda, -ddr), v. to flog (= berja
it þér Högna ok hyldit með knífi); h. húð af e-m).
hval, to flense a whale; (2) refl., hyldast, hýðing, f. flogging (= húðstroka).
to grow fat, get flesh. hýnir, m. pl. = Húnar.
hyldr, pp. fleshy. hý-nótt, f. night of anxious waiting (?).
hylja (hyl, hulda, huliðr and hul- hýnskr, a. Hunnish.
dr), v. to hide, cover (hann huldi höfuð hýrast (ð), v. refl. to be gladdened,
sitt); fara huldu höfði, to go ‘with the head brighlen up (hýrðist hann skjótt í
covered’, in disguise, by stealth. viðbragði).
hyljan, f. hiding, covering. hýr-liga, adv. cheerily, with a smiling
H

hylla (-ta, -tr), v., h. sik e-m, to court face (líta -liga til e-s); -ligr, a. friendly,
a person’s friendship, make friends with; h. smiling.
fyrir e-m, to recommend one; refl., hyl- hý-róg, n. servants’ slander (quar-

271
hýrr H hættr
relling). (or af) hærum, white with grey hair.
hýrr, a. smiling, pleasant, mild, friendly hærðr, a. haired; h. vel, having-fine
(h. í viðbragði). hair; h. mjök, having much hair.
hýsa (-ta, -tr), v. to house, harbour. hæringr, m. hoary (old) man.
hýski, n. household, family. hæru-karl, m. = hæringr; -kollr, m.
hæð, f. (1) height; hann hljóp meirr en hoary head, a nickname; -langr, a. hav-
h. sína, he could leap more his own height; ing long grey hair; -skeggi, m. hoary
(2) height, eminence, hill (gengu þeir upp beard; -skotinn, pp. grizzled.
á h. nökkura). hætta (-tta, -tt), v. to leave of, with
hæða (-dda, -ddr), v. to scoff at, mock dat. (h. heyverkum); with infin. to cease
(h. e-n or h. at e-m). (h. at tala).
hæð-liga, adv. mockingly, scornfully hætta (-tta, -tt), v. to risk, venture,
(tala -liga til e-s); -ligr, a. (1) derisive stake, with dat. (L. vildi eigi út h. sínum
disgraceful; (2) contemptible. mönnum); h. til þess virðing þinni, to
hæðinn, a. fond of mocking. stake thy honour on it; impers., litlu hæt-
hæð-yrði, n. pl. taunts, gibes. tir nú til, there is but small risk; absol.,
hæðni, f. mocking, mockery. hefir sá er hættir, he wins who risks, ‘noth-
hæki-liga, adv. vehemently. ing venture nothing have’; h. til e-s, to
hæl-bein, n. heel bone; -bítr, m. heel- risk a thing (vil ek heldr til þess h. en
biter; -dreginn, pp. dragging the heels in hitt spyrist áönnur lönd); h. á e-t, to risk
walking; -drep, n. blow on the heel. (kváðust á það mundu h. at berjast); to
hæli, n. shelter, refuge; leita s ér hælis, venture upon, to trust to (h. á miskunn e-
to seek for shelter. s); h. e-u undir e-n, to depend on one for a
hæl-krókr, m. ‘heel-crook’, catch with thing.
the heel (a trick in wrestling). hætta, f. danger, peril; eiga mikit íhæt-
hæll (-s, -ar), m. heel; hlaupa (fara, tu, to run a great risk; leggja e-t í hættu,
ganga) á hæla e-m, to follow at one’s heels; to expose to risk or danger (leggja sik, líf
hurð felir (lýkst) á hæla e-m, the door sitt, fé sitt, í hættu); leggja á þá hættu, to
shuts (closes) upon one’s heels; fara aptr á run the risk.
hæli, to return immediately; hopa (fara) á hætting, f. danger, risk.
hæl fyrir e-m, to retreat, recede before one. hættingar-ferð, f. dangerous journey
hæll (-s, -ar), m. (1) peg, pin; (2) han- (= hættu-ferð).
dle in a scythe-shaft (orf-hæll). hætt-leggja (see leggja), v. to risk;
hæll, m. a widow whose husband has -liga, adv. dangerously; -ligr, a. danger-
been slain in battle. ous; kölluðu -ligan mátt hans, they said
hæl-síðr, a. reaching down to the heels that he was sinking fast.
(-síðr kyrtill). hættr, a. (1) dangerous (slíkr maðr er
hængr, m. male salmon. hættastr, ef); (2) dangerously ill (vera, lig-
hæra, f. hoariness, grey hair (skegg gja, h.); (3) exposed to danger; ekki h.
hvítt af hæru); fá elli ok hæru, to live to a fyrir vápnum, proof against weapons; (4)
hoary old age; esp. in pl., grár (hvítr) fyrir e-m er hætt við e-u, one is in danger of;

272
hættu-ferð H höðnu-kið
var Þuríði við engu meini hætt, Thurid (2) to relieve, seek relief for one (var þeim
was out of danger; (5) doubtful, uncertain. hœgt í öllu sem mátti); (3) refl., hœgjast,
hættu-ferð, -för, f. dangerous jour- to abate (sjór tók at h.); to get smoother
ney; -lauss, a. free from danger, without (kann vera at hœgist ráðit); impers., ep-
danger; -lítill, a. little dangerous; tir allt þetta hœgðist Fróða lítit, F. be-
-mikill, a. very dangerous; -ráð, n. dan- came more at ease.
gerous plan. hœg-liga, adv. with ease, gently; -ligr,
hœfa (-ða, -ðr), v. (1) to hit, with acc. a. easy, convenient; -lífi, n. easy or com-
(þeir hœfa aldri dýr); hann hœfði allt þat, fortable life.
er hann skaut til, he never missed his hœgr (acc. -jan and -an), a. easy, con-
mark; h. til, to aim; svá hafði smiðrinn venient; ykkr er þat hœgst um hönd, it is
til hœft, so well had he aimed; (2) to fit, most at hand for you; h. byrr, a gentle, fair
with dat. (hœfðu Kjartani þau klæði allv- wind; ekki var samlag þeirra hœgt, they
el); (3) to behove, be meet (eigi hœfir at were not on good terms; h. e-m or við e-n,
drepa svá fagran svein); svá hœfir eigi, gentle towards one.
segir Úlfr, that will not do, said U.; h. e- hœgri, a. compar. (from hœgr), right;
m, to be meet for one; (4) refl., hœfast, to til h. handar, til hœgra vegs, on the right
fit each other, to correspond; spjótit mun hand, to the right.
h. ok sár þat, the shaft and the wound will hœkil-bjúgr, a. bowed in the knees.
correspond; h. á, to agree in time, coincide. hœkja, f. crutch.
hœfi, n. (1) fitness; vera við e-s h., to hœla (-da, -t), v. (1) to praise, with dat.
fit one, be suitable, convenient (Hrútr fekk (hann hœldi Úlfari mjök); (2) to boast of
sér nú konu þá, er honum þótti við sitt (sverði hœlir þú tar, en eigi sigri); (3) re-
h.); (2) skjóta til hœfis, to shoot at a mark. fl., hœlast, to boast, vaunt; h. e-u (af e-u,
hœfi-látr, a. moderate; -liga, adv. fit- um e-t), to boast of; h. við e-n, to boast
ly; -ligr, a. fit, due. over one.
hœfindi, n. pl. what fits, behoves. hœlinn, a. given to boasting.
hœfing, f. aiming; gøra h., to take aim. hœlni, f. boasting, bragging.
hœfinn, a. aiming well, good at hitting hœna, f. hen (hani ok hœna).
the mark. hœns, hœnsn, n. pl. liens, fowls.
hœfni, f. good marksmanship (Eindriði hœta (-tta, -tt), v. to threaten; h. e-
lofaði hœfni konungs). m e-u, to threaten one with a thing (hœtti
hœfr, a. fit, proper; engu h., good for honum dauða).
nothing, useless, worthless. hœting (pl. -ar), f. threatening.
hœgindi, n. pl. (1) relief (for the sick hœtinn, a. given to threatening.
and poor); (2) comforts; snúast til hœgin- hœverska, f. courtesy, good manners.
da, to turn to advantage, for the better; hœversk-liga, adv. politely, fashion-
(3) in sing., bolster, pillow, cushion (undir ably (-liga klædd); -ligr, a. = hœver-
H

hœgindit í hvílunni). skr.

hœgja (-ða, -ðr), v. (1) to abate, with hœverskr, a. well-mannered, polite.
dat.; h. rás sinni, to slacken one’s course; höðnu-kið, n. female kid, young she-

273
höfða H höfuð-á
goat (cf. ‘haðna’). höfgi, m. (1) heaviness, weight; (2)
höfða (að), v. (1) to cut the head off (h. sleep, nap (rann á hann h.); drowsiness
fisk), to behead; (2) h. mál (sök) áhönd (á (sló á þá höfga svá miklum, at þeir máttu
hendr) e-m, to bring an action against one. eigi vöku halda).
höfðaðr, pp. headed (h. sem hundr; höfn (gen. hafnar, pl. hafnir), f. (1)
cf. tví-, þrí-höfðaðr). haven, harbour; (2) fœtus (á þann hátt
höfða-fjöl, f. head-board of a bed- sem h. vex með konu); (3) coat, cloak,
stead; -hlutr, m. = höfuðhlutr; -lag, n. = yfirhöfn (hann tók af sér höfnina ok
bed’s head; -skip, n. a ship with an orna- sveipaði um konunginn); (4) tenure of
mental prow; -tal, n. ‘tale of heads’, num- land (jarðar h.); (5) crew, = skipshöfn.
ber of persons, etc. höfuð (dat. höfði, gen. pl. höfða),
höfði, m. headland. n. (1) head (höggva h. af e-m); láta e-n
höfðingi (pl. -jar), m. (1) chief, leader; höfði skemmra, to behead one; strjúka al-
h. þeirrar ráðagørðar, at the head of that drei um frjálst h., to be never free, never
plan; (2) captain, commander (K. var h. at ease; skera e-m h., to make a wry face
yfir þeim her); (3) chief, ruler, esp. in pl., at one; heita í h. e-m, to be called after a
men of rank or authority (höfðingjar ok person; hætta höfði, to risk one’s life; leg-
góðir menn; hann gørðist þá h. mikill). gja við h. sitt, to stake one’s head; fœra e-
höfðingja-, gen. from ‘höfðingi’; m h. sitt, to surrender oneself to an ene-
-ást, f. love for one’s chief; -bragð, n. my; drepa niðr höfði, to droop the head;
the bearing of a chief (hafa -bragð á sér); þoku hóf af höfði, the fog lifted; stíga yfir
-djarfr, a. frank and bold in one’s inter- h. e-m, to overcome one; hlaða helium að
course with the great; -efni, n. a hope- höfði e-m, to leave one dead on the spot;
ful man for a chief (L. þótti bezt -efni ganga milli bols ok höfuðs e-s or á e-m,
austr þar); -fundr, m. meeting of chiefs; to hew of one’s head, to kill outright; sen-
-hlutr, m. a chief’s lot or share; -kærr, da e-n til höfuðs e-m, to send one to take
a. in favour with the great; -lauss, a. another’s head; leggja fé til höfuðs e-m,
chiefless; -merki, n. chiefs standard; to set a price on one’s head; leggjast e-t
-nafn, n. chiefs title; -skipti, n. change undir h., to put aside, neglect (Þ. lagðist
of rulers; -son, m. son of a chief; -stef- eigi þessa ferð undir h.); vera höfði hær-
na, f. = -fundr; -styrkr, m. support of ri, to be taller by a head; (2) head, chief
great folk; -ætt, f. noble extraction, high (h. lendra manna); Þrándheimr hefir len-
birth. gi verið kallaðr h. Noregs, the chief dis-
höfðing-liga, adv. nobly, generously; trict of Norway; (3) ornamental prow of
-ligr, a. princely, noble; -skapr, m. (1) a ship (skip með gyltum höfðum); orna-
power, dominion; (2) authority, prestige; mental head on a bridle (slitnaði sundr
(3) liberality, generosity. beizlit, ok týndist h., er á var).
höfga (að), v. to make heavy; impers., höfuð-á, f. chief river; -árr, m.
e-m (or e-n) höfgar, one becomes heavy archangel; -átt, f. cardinal point;
with sleep. -baðmr, m. the ‘head stem’, agnate lin-
höfga-vara, f. heavy wares. eage; -band, n. head-band, snood, fillet;

274
höfuðs-bani H högg-fœri
-bani, m. death, destruction; -bein, n. head-cupbearer; -skömm, f. great shame,
pl. head-bones; -benda, f. (1) naut. slay, scandal; -skörungr, m. great and noble
shroud; (2) fig. stay, support; -blót, n. person.
chief sacrifice; -borg, f. head town, capi- höfuðs-maðr, m. head-man, leader,
tal; -ból, n. chief estate, manorial estate; chief (vel til fallinn at vera -maðr).
-brot, n. great dammage, ruin; -burðr, höfuð-smátt, f. the opening for the
m. ‘bearing of the head’, fig. honour, cred- head (in a shirt or smock-frock); -smiðr,
it, prestige; e-m er lítill -burðn at e-u, m. chief builder; -staðr, m. capital, chief
it does him little honour (credit); -bœr, place; -steypa, f. tumbling on the head
m. = -ból; -dúkr, m. head-kerchief, hood; (fara -steypu); -sviða, f. singed sheep’s
-faðir, m. protector, patron; -firn, n. pl. head; -svörðr, m. head-skin, scalp; stan-
great scandal; -gersemi, f. great jewel; da yfir -svörð-um e-s, to have an enemny’s
-gjarnt, a. n. fatal, dangerous to one’s head in one’s power; -synd, f. cardinal sin;
life; -gjöf, f. capital gift; -goð, n. prin- -sæti, n. chief seat; -tunga, f. chief lan-
cipal god; -gæfa, f. great luck; -hátíð, guage; -vápn, n. principal weapon; -vei-
f. principal feast; -hetja, f. great champi- zla, f. chief banquet; -vél, f. chief device;
on, chief; -hlutr, m. the upper part of the -verkr, m. headache; -vinr, m. bosom
body, opp. to ‘fótahlutr’; -hof, n. chief friend; -vörðr, m. bodyguard; -þing, n.
temple; -ísar, m. pl. great masses of ice, chief meeting; -þváttr, m. head-washing;
ice-banks; -kempa, f. = -hetja; -kenni- -ætt, f. = -átt; -œrr, a. insane; -œrsl,
maðr, m. great clerk, ecclesiastic; -kirk- n. pl., -œrslur, f. pl. = -órar.
ja, f. high-church, cathedral; -klerkr, m. höfug-leikr, m. heaviness.
great clerk or scholar; -konungr, m. sov- höfugr, a. (1) heavy (h. steinn); (2)
ereign king; -lausn, f. ‘head-ransom’ (the heavy with sleep, drowsy; e-m er höfugt,
name of three old poems); -lauss, a. (1) one is sleepy.
headless, without a head; (2) without a höfundr (-ar, -ar), m. (1) author, orig-
leader (-lauss herr); -leðr, n. head-piece inator; (2) judge (rare).
of a bridle; -læknir, m. chief physician; högg (dat. höggvi), n. (1) stroke, blow;
-löstr, m. cardinal sin; -maðr, m. head- ljósta h. á dyrr, to knock at the door;
man, chief; -mein, n. sore (boil) on the skamma stund verðr hönd höggvi fegin,
head; -meistari, m. head-master; -mer- only a short while is the hand fain of the
ki, n. (1) chief mark, characteristic; (2) blow; eigi fellr tré við hit fyrsta h., no tree
chief standard; -mikill, a. big-headed; falls at the first stroke; (2) beheading, ex-
-mundr, m. ransom; -nauðsyn, f. great ecution (leiða e-n til höggs); (3) fig. gap,
need; -niðjar, m. pl. head-kinsmen, ag- breach (kom þá fljótt h. í liðit).
nates; -órar, m. pl. delirium; -ráð, n. högg-fœri, n. the being within sword’s
chief council; -ráðgjafi, m. chief adviser; reach; standa í -fœri (við e-n), to stand
-sár, n. wound in the head. within stroke of sword; -járn, n. ‘hewing
H

höfuðs-bani, m. = höfuðbani. iron’, chopper; -ormr, m. viper; -or-

höfuð-skáld, n. great poet; -skepna, rosta, f. close fight; -ró, f. clinch on a
f. prime element; -skutilsveinn, m. sword’s hilt (cf. ‘hugró’); -rúm, n. room

275
höggu-nótt H hönd
to use a sword; -sax, n. a kind of cutlass; or axe (opp. to ‘lagvápn’).
-spjót, a kind of halberd; -staðr, m. höggva-skipti, -viðskipti, n. pl. ex-
place for a blow (leita -staðar á e-m); change of blows.
-stokkr, m. chopping-block. högg-øx, f. ‘hewing-axe’, hatchet.
höggu-nótt, f. = hökunótt. högld (pl. hagldir), f. a kind of buck-
höggva (høgg; hjó, hjoggum or le (shaped like oo), used to run a rope
hjuggum; höggvinn and högginn), v. through with which hay is trussed
(1) to strike, smite (with a sharp weapon); (bregða reipum í hagldir).
høggr sá, er hlífa skyldi, he strikes who höku-, gen. from ‘haka’; -bein, n. chin
ought to shield; h. sverði (or með sverði), bone (hökubeinit ok hakan); -langr, a.
to strike with a sword; h. e-n bana-högg, to having a long chin.
give one his deathblow; (2) to cut down, de- hökul-brœkr, f. pl. ‘cloak-breeches’
stroy (þeir hjoggu drekann mjök); (3) to (exact meaning doubtful).
put to death, behead (suma lét hann heng- hökull (dat. hökli), m. priest’s cope
ja eða h.); to kill, slaughter (h. hest, búfé, chasuble.
kýr, naut); (4) to fell trees (hann hefir hökul-skúaðr, pp. ‘cloak-shod’ (?).
höggvit í skógi mínum); (5) to strike, bite höku-mikill, a. having a large chin
(of a snake, boar); ormrinn hjó hann til (hálslangr ok h.).
bana, the snake struck him dead; (6) with höku-nótt, f. midwinter-night.
preps., h. e-t af, to hew or cut off (h. af höku-skegg, n. beard on the chin.
kampa ok skegg); h. af fé, to kill (slaugh- höld-borinn, pp. born of a ‘höldr’, en-
ter) cattle; h. e-t af sér, to ward of; h. joying a höld’s right, free-born.
eptir e-m, to cut at one, = h. til e-s (hjá höldr, m. (1) a kind of higher yeoman;
eptir honum með sverði); h. í höfuð e- (2) in poetry, man; hölda synir, sons of
m, to give one a blow on the head; h. e- men.
t niðr, to cut down (var merki hans niðr hölkn, n. a rough, stony field.
höggvit); to kill, butcher (I. hefir áðr niðr höll (gen. hallar, pl. hallir), f.
höggvit brœðr sína tvá); h. e-t ór, to cut large house, hall (esp. of a king or earl).
out; fig. to make even, smooth (láta ko- hølzti, adv. = helzti.
nung ok erkibisup ór h. slíkar greinir); höm (gen. hamar), f. ham or haunch (of
h. e-t í sundr, to hew asunder; h. til e- a horse).
s, to strike (cut) at one, = h. eptir e-m; hömlu-, gen. from ‘hamla’; -band, n.
h. upp tré, to cut down a tree; h. upp oar-strap, oar-grummet.
skip, to break a ship up; (7) refl. to be cut, hönd (gen. handar, dat. hendi; pl.
hacked (hjást skjöldr Helga); þótti hon- hendr), f. (1) hand; taka hendi á e-u,
um nú taka mjök um at höggvast, things to touch with the hand; hafa e-t í hendi,
looked hard; recipr., to exchange blows, to hold in the hand; drepa hendi við e-
fight (þeir hjuggust nökkura stund). u, to refuse; halda hendi yfir e-m, to pro-
höggvandi, m. (1) hewer, smiter; (2) tect one; taka e-n höndum, to seize, cap-
headsman, executioner. ture; bera hönd fyrir höfuð sér, to defend
högg-vápn, n. ‘cutting weapon’, sword oneself; eiga hendr sínar at verja, to act

276
höndla H hörr
in self defence; láta e-t hendi firr, to let á hœgri hendi hring fyrir ofan ölnboga);
go out of one’s hands, to lose; taka í h. e- var eigi djúpara en þeim tók undir hendr,
m, to join hands with one; eiga e-t jöfnum the water just reached to their armpits; (3)
höndum, to own in equal shares; sverja hand, side; á hœgri (vinstri) h., on the
sér af hendi, to forswear; af hendi e-s, on right (left) hand, side; á hvára h., on either
one’s behalf, on the part of (af hendi lands- hand; minnar (yðvarrar) handar, for my
manna); at hendi, as adv. in turn; hverr (your) part; (4) kind, sort; allra handa
at hendi, each in turn; felast á hendi e- árgœzka, great abundance of all things.
m, to be under one’s protection; hvat er höndla (að), v. (1) to seize, capture (h.
þér á höndum, what hast thou in hand?; glœpamann); (2) to treat; h. e-n illa, to
ef honum væri ekki á höndum, if he had treat one ill.
nothing in hand, if his hands were free; hönk (gen. hankar, pl. henkr), f.
eiga e-t fyrir hendi (höndum), to have in hank, coil, loop, ring; sterkar henkr,
hand (duty, business, engagement); vera strong clasps.
í hendi, to be at hand, at one’s disposal; hörfa (að), v. to retire, withdraw (h.
hafa vel (illa) í höndum, to behave well undan); h. fyrir e-m, to give way before
(badly); hafa e-t með höndum, to have in one.
hand, manage, discharge; hljóta e-t un- hör-gefn, f. poet. woman.
dan hendi e-s, from one, at one’s hand; hörgr (-s, -ar), m. heathen place of
á h., á hendr, against (lýsa vígi á h. e- worship, cairn or altar of stone (hörg hann
m); snúa vanda á hendr e-m, to throw mér gørði hlaðinn steinum).
the responsibility on one; fœrast e-t á hen- hör-hnoða, n. clew of flax.
dr, to undertake; ganga (drífa) á h. e-m, hörkla (að), v. to hobble, walk with dif-
to submit to one; bjargast á sínar hendr, ficulty (þat lið tekr at dasast ok hörklar af
by one’s own handiwork; selja, gefa, fá e- heiðinni ofan).
t í hönd (hendr) e-m, to give into one’s hörkull, m. noise, din.
hands, hand over; búa e-t í hendr e-m, hörmugr, a. afflicted, sorrowful.
to make it ready for one; kalla til e-s í hörmu-liga, adv. sadly; -ligr, a. sad,
hendr e-m, to lay claim to a thing at the distressing (-lig tíðendi).
hands of another; þá sömu nótt, er fór í hörmung, f. grief, affliction.
h., the following night; veðr óx í h., the hörmungar-læti, -orð, n. pl., -ta-
wind rose higher and higher; vera hœgt la, f. lamentations.
um h., to be easy in hand; til handa e-m, hörpu-, gen. from ‘harpa’; -leikr, m.
into one’s hands; ganga til handa e-m, to playing on a harp; -skel, f. ‘harpshell’,
put oneself in another’s hands, submit to scallop; -slagari, m. harper; -slagi, m.
him; ef þat berr þér til handa, if it befalls harper; -slagr, m. striking the harp;
thee; þá skömm kýs ek mér eigi til han- -sláttr, m. striking the harp; -stokkr,
da, I will not have that shame at my door; m. harp-case; -strengr, m. harp-string.
H

biðja konu til handa e-m, on one’s behalf, hörr (dat. hörvi and hör), m. flax,
for him; (2) the arm and hand, the arm linen (af hör eða hampi); dúkr hvítr af
(höndin gekk af axlarliðnum; hann hefir hörvi, a cloth of white linen.

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hör-skryddr H höttr
hör-skryddr, pp. clad in linen. hös-magi, m. a sheep with a grey, dusky
hörund, n. and f. (1) human flesh, = belly; -mögóttr, a. grey on the belly
hold (milli skinns ok hörunds); (2) skin, (hrútr h. at lit).
complexion; svartr á hár ok h., black in höss (acc. hösvan), a. grey, of a wolf
hair and skin. (úlfr hinn hösvi).
hörundar-litr, m. colour of flesh (Hel hösvast (að), v. refl. to approach one
er blá hálf, en hálf með -lit). wrathfully (h. at e-m).
hörunds-litr, m. = hörundarlitr; höttr (gen. hattar, dat. hetti; pl.
-ljóss, a. of bright complexion. hettir, acc. höttu), m. hood.

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iða ill-kvikendi

I
iðug-liga, = iðu-liga; -ligr, = iðu-ligr.
iðu-kast, n. whirling eddy, = iða.
iðu-liga, adv. frequently; -ligr, a. fre-

I
quent, continuous.
iður-liga, = iðu-liga; -ligr, = iðu-ligr.
if, ifa, ifan, see ‘ef, efa, efan’.
igða, f. a kind of small bird.
il (pl. iljar), f. sole of the foot.
iða, f. eddy, whirlpool. il-band, n. strap under the foot.
ið-gjöld, n. recompense, reward; -gnó- ilbanda-brœkr, f. pl. breeches or
gr, a. over-abundant; -gnótt, f. great trousers with ‘il-bönd’.
abundance. illa (compar. verr, superl. verst),
iðinn, a. diligent, assiduous. adv. badly, ill; líka i., to dislike.
iðja (að), v. to do, perform. ill-bragð, n., -brigði, n. bad trick;
iðja, f. activity, doing, business. -býli, n. wretched home; -deildir, f. pl.
iðja-grœnn, a. ever-green. hostilities, quarrels; -dýri, n. noxious ani-
iðju-, gen. from ‘iðja’; -fullr, a. hard- mal.
working; -lauss, a. idle; -leysi, n. idle- illendi, n. pl. (1) spite (til áleitni ok il-
ness; -maðr, m. hard-working man; lenda); (2) gangrene (þat sár greri illa, svá
-samr, a. industrious. at blástr hljóp ok illendi í).
iðka (að), v. to perform, cultivate. ill-felli, n. mishap; -fengr, ill-na-
ið-líka, adv. exactly alike (e-m). tured; -ferli, n. pl. ill doings, evil ways;
iðn (pl. -ir), f. occupation, business. -fúss, a. ill-willed; -fygli, n. noxious
iðna (að), v. (1) to do, perform, = iðja; birds; -fýstr, pp. bent on evil; -geta, f.
(2) to work at (a thing). imputation; -girnd, f., -girni, f. ill-will,
iðnar-, gen. from ‘iðn’; -maðr, m. = ill-nature, malice; -gjarn, a. ill-willed, ill-
iðjumaðr. natured, malicious; -gjarnligr, a. ill-na-
iðr, n. pl. bowels, entrails. tured, spiteful; -gresi, n. ‘evilgrass’,
iðra (að), v. to make one repent (eigi weeds, tares; -grunaðr, pp. suspected of
iðra mik mínar gørðir); impers. e-n iðrar evil (um e-ð); -gæti, n. ill fare; -gørð, f.
e-s or eptir e-t, and refl., iðrast e-s, to re- evil doing, misdeed.
pent of. illgørða-flokkr, m. gang of evil-do-
iðran, f. repentance. ers; -maðr, m. evil-doer; -samr, a. evil-
iðranar-fullr, a. repentant, penitent; doing.
-fúss, a. repentant, penitent; -lauss, a. ill-hreysingr, m. savage, miscreant;
unrepentant; -mark, n. mark of repen- -hveli, n. evil (noxious) whale.
tance. illi-liga, adv. hideously; -ligr, a. ill-
iðrandi (pl. -endr), m. repentant. looking, hideous (-lig gaulan).
iðrar, f. pl. (1) bowels, entrails = iðr; (2) ill-kvikendi, n. noxious beast;
repentance. -kykvendi, n. noxious beast; -kyndugr,
iðri, a. compar., see ‘innri’. a. crafty, wily, cunning; -kyngi, f. wili-

279
ill-liðnaðar-maðr I inn
ness; -leikni, f. ill-treatment (gøra e-m evil deed; -viðri, n. bad weather.
-leikni). illviðris-bakki, m., -klakkar, m.
ill-liðnaðar-maðr, m. a man of an ill pl. foul-weather clouds.
life (-maðr um kvennafar). ill-vili, m. ill-will, hostility; -vilja, a.
ill-lifnaðr, m., -lífi, n. wicked life; indecl., -viljaðr, a. ill-willed, evil-mind-
-lífr, a. wicked; -lyndi, n. evil temper, ed.
ill-nature; -læti, n. pl. hideous grimaces; illvilða-maðr, m. ill-wisher.
-mannliga, adv. wickedly, cruelly; ill-virki (pl. -virkjar), m. evil-doer,
-mannligr, a. inhumane, cruel, wicked; criminal; -virki, n. evildoing, crime, rob-
-málugr, a. foul-mouthed, slanderous; bery, ravage; -vært, a. n., illvært var úti,
-menni, n. wicked (cruel) man; -menns- one could hardly stay out of doors; -yrða
ka, f. wickedness, cruelty; -mæla (-ta, (-eða, -ðr), v. to speak ill, to abuse;
-tr), v. to talk evil of, slander, with acc. -yrði, n. pl. abusive language; -yrmi, n.
or dat.; -mælgi, f., -mæli, n. slander, noxious worms, vermin; -ýðgi, f. = -úð;
calumny, libel; -orðr, a. slanderous, abu- -þræli, n. wretched thrall; -þýði, n. rab-
sive. ble, gang of thieves and robbers.
illr (compar. verri, superl. verstr), illþýðis-fólk, n. = illþýði; -maðr, m.
a. (1) ill, evil, bad; illr maðr, a bad man; = illvirki (m.).
ill ráð, evil counsel; illum huga, with evil ilma (-di, -t), v. (1) to smell sweet; il-
intent; illu feginn ver þú aldregi, never re- mandi, sweet-smelling; (2) to scent, per-
joice at evil; illar álögur, evil, oppressive ceive by smell (þefja ok ilma).
burden; (2) hard, difficult, with gen.; illr ilmr, m. sweet smell, scent.
viðr-eignar, ill to deal with; (3) close, imbru-dagar, m. pl. Ember-days.
mean, stingy (illr af mat). imbrudaga-vika, f. Ember-week.
ill-ráðr, a., -ráðugr, a. wicked; imbru-dœggr, n. pl. = -dagar.
-ræði, n. evil deed, crime. in, temp. adv., pleonast. before a com-
illræðis-maðr, m. evil-doer. par., hélt-a in lengr rúmi, he kept not his
ill-sakar, f. pl., troða -sakar við e-n, place longer, he ran away; mann in
to have it out with one. harðara = harðara mann, a hardier man;
illska, f. wickedness, cruelty. nema þú in snotrari sér, unless thou art
illskast (að), v. refl. to wax wroth and wiser; né in heldr, neither; né hests in
furious. heldr, nor of his horse either; eigi in heldr
ill-skái, m. the less of two evils. ætla ek þat, neither do I think that.
illsku-fullr, a. full of wickedness; inn (compar. innarr, superl. innst),
-kraptr, m. wicked power; -maðr, m. adv. (1) in, into; ganga inn í búðina, to
wicked (cruel) man; -þrá, f. incination to go into the booth; ganga inn, to go indoors
mischief or evil. (Njáll gekk ýmist út eða inn); kasta e-m
ill-spár, f. pl. evil prophecy, croakings; (setja e-n) inn, to cast into prison; var þar
-svipligr, a. ill-looking; -úð, f. ill-na- glaumr mikill inn (in the house) at heyra;
ture; -úðigr, a. ill-natured, evil-boding; inn eptir firði, inwards along the firth; (2)
-úðligr, a. ill-looking, grim; -verk, n. denoting the situation of a place, = inni

280
inn I inn-koma
(varð Hálfdán bráðdauðr inn í þrándhei- -rifja, adv. within the ribs, inwardly;
mi); (3) innarr, more inward, farther in; -sótt, f. = -mein; -vátr, a. wet within;
innst, most inward, farthest in. hafa -vátt, to have the sea washing over;

I
inn (in, it), def. art. the = hinn (hin, þeir fengu mjök -vátt, they had a wet pas-
hit). sage; -verðr, a. inward, interior; í -verðri
inna (-ta, -tr), v. (1) to perform (i. búðinni, in the inner (inmost) part of the
Íþrótt); hafði hann þá af hendi innt alla booth.
sætt sína, he had then fulfilled all the innar-liga, adv. far inward.
terms of his atonement; (2) to pay, dis- innarr, adv. compar., see ‘inn’.
charge (i. gjald af hendi); hvat áttu mér innarst, adv. superl. farthest in, at the-
illt at i., what evil hast thou to repay me? further end, = innst, see ‘inn’.
(3) to relate, tell (i. sín vandræði); innti inn-blástr, m. inspiration; -borg, f.
orðstafi at eldi ljósum, she read out the the inner castle, keep; -byrðis, adv. on
letters by the light of the fire; (4) i. til e-s, board; -dæli, n. ease, comfort; -dæll, a.
to allude to, mention, speak of (þá skatta, quite easy; -eygr, a. in-eyed, hollow-eyed;
sem nú mun ek til i.); i. upp, to sum up, -firðingr (-s, -ar), m. a man from the
expound (i. upp allan málavöxt); (5) refl., inner part of a fjord; -ganga, f. entrance;
innast til um e-t, to discuss; inntust þeir beiða e-n -göngu, to ask one to be let in;
til um kaupakosti, they discussed the bar- -gangr, m. (1) = inn-ganga; (2) begin-
gain; innast orð við, to exchange words. ning (föstu -gangr); -gjald, n. paying in,
innan, adv. (1) from within, from an in- opp. to ‘útgjald’, outlay; -gröptr, m. en-
ner part (reru þeir innan í móti þeim); graving (on a seal).
læsti hón loptinu i., she locked the door inn-fjálgr, a. hot, burning (tár innfjál-
from the inside; (2) internally, within; gen- gt).
gu þeir um kirkjuna i., all around the in- inngöngu-leyfi, n. leave to enter.
side of the church; rak þá síðan um haf i., inn-hallt, adv. in towards land; sigla
all about the sea; fyrir i., prep. with acc. -hallara, to stand nearer the shore;
Inside of, within; fyrir i. stokk, in-doors; -hlutr, m. inner part; -hýsa (-ta, -tr),
(3) prep. with gen. Within; i. lítils tíma, v. to house, harbour; -hýsingr (-s, -ar),
within a short time, presently; esp. in a m. lodger; -hýsis, adv. = innanhúss.
great many adverbial compds. inni, adv. in-doors; úti ok i., out-doors
innan-borðs, adv. on board; -borgar, and in-doors; brenna e-n i., to burn one to
adv. within the town; -búðar, adv. within death in his house; hafa boð i., to hold a
the booth; -bæjar, adv. within town; (wedding-) feast at one’s home.
-gengt, a. n. accessible from within (- inni, n. abode, house, home; ná sínu i.,
gengt var í fjósit); -húss, adv. indoors, to get home.
within the house; -lands, adv. within the inni-hús, n. dwelling-house; -höfn, f.
land, at home. harbouring, housing; -liga, adv. exactly,
innanlands-höfðingi, m. native minutely (segja -liga frá e-u); -vist, f.
chief; -menn, m. pl. natives. dwelling in a house.
innan-mein, n. internal conplaint; inn-koma, f. coming in, arrival; -kvá-

281
innri I Inn-þrændir
ma, f. coming in, arrival; -kvæmt, a. n., inn-sigli, n. seal, seal-ring.
er engum manni -kvæmt, no one is al- innst, adv. superl. from ‘inn’.
lowed to enter; -land, n. inland; -leið, f. inn-stólpi, m. = -stöpull.
(1) coasting along, course along the shore; innstr, a. superl. innermost.
(2) entrails (innleið dýra); -leizla, f. in- inn-strönd, f. the inner strand;
troduction; -lendr, a. (1) native, opp. to -stœða, f. investment; -stöpull, m. in-
‘útlendr’; (2) residing in one’s country; ner pillar; -tak, n. contents (of a book);
-lenzkr, a. indigenous; -raptr, m. in- -viðir, m. pl. ribs (of a ship).
ner rafter; -reið, f. riding in; -renta, f. inn-virðiliga, -virðuliga, adv. close-
income. ly, minutely, = einvirðuliga.
innri, a. compar. inner, inmost, interi- inn-yfli, n. pl. entrails, bowels.
or, = iðri; fara hit innra (iðra), to go by the inn-þrændir, m. pl. the inhabitants of
inner road. the inner part of Thrandheim.
inn-sigla (að), v. to seal.

282
í íð

Í
how is that? what is the matter? (10) by
means of, through (opt kaupir sér í litlu
lof); (11) equivalent to a gen. or possess.
pron.; hann braut hrygg í henni, he broke
her back; hann knýtir saman alla halana
í nautunum, all the cows’ tails; II. with
acc., (1) in, into (spjótit fló niðr í völlinn);
leggja e-t í kistu, to put into a chest (cof-

Í
í, prep. — I. with dat., (1) in, within; fin); steinninn kom í höfuð honum, the
fela fé sitt í jörðu, to hide one’s money stone hit him in the head; sigla (láta) í haf,
in the earth; fastir í vellinum, fast in the to stand out to sea; var þat sagt Gunnari
ground; vera í sveit, to live in a district; inn í búðina, word was carried into the
í öðrum löndum, in other lands; (2) with booth to Gunnar; giptast í önnur lönd, to
local names (í Orkneyjum, í Laxárdal, í marry into other countries, marry an alien;
Borgarfirði, &c.); (3) in a certain spot; deyja Mælifell, to pass into M. after death;
í einum stað, í þeim (hverjum) stað, in þórðr svaf ok horfði í lopt upp, with his
one, that (every) place; standa í höggfœri, face turned upwards; (2) of time; in, dur-
within sword’s reach; (4) in, among; í val- ing; í þat mund, at that hour; í nótt, this
num, among the slain; (5) of clothes; vera night; i vetr, this winter; í (= um) fjórtán
í, to have on, wear (hann var í blám stakki, vetr, for fourteen winters; (3) denoting en-
í litklæðum); (6) during, in; þenna vetr í trance into a state, condition, in, into;
jólum, during Yule; í sumri (hausti), this ganga íbönd ok eiða, to enter into bonds
summer (autumn); í því bili, in that mo- and oaths; falla í úvit, to fall into a swoom;
ment; í því er Gunnar stendr upp, at the taka e-n í frið, to pardon one; bjóða búum
very moment when G. rises; (7) denoting í setu, to call on the neighbours to take
action, state, condition; vera í för með their seats; (4) denoting change into;
e-m, to travel in one’s company; vera í skjöldrinn klofnaði í tvá hluti, split in
víkingu, to be engaged in freebooting; í two; brotna í spán, to be shivered to
trausti e-s, in his trust, under his protec- pieces; verja fé sínu í lausaeyri, to convert
tion; vera í góðu yfirlæti, to be in good one’s property into movables; (5) denoting
quarters, live well; liggja í úviti, to lie in the object, purpose, &c.; gjalda í sonar-
a swoon; vera í góðu (illu) skapi, to be in bœtr, to pay as the son’s weregild; þiggja e-
good (ill) humour; (8) in respect of, in re- t vingjafir, to accept as a friend’s gift; kau-
gard to; roskinn í orðum, mature in words; pa e-t í skuld, to buy on credit; gøra e-t
léttr í máli, cheerful in speech; í öllum í hag (vil) e-m, to do something in one’s
mannraunum, in all trials; (9) denoting favour.
form or content, in; at eigi hafi komit í-blár, a. bluish; í-blástr, m. inspira-
til Noregs meiri gørsemi í skikkju, such a tion; í-búa, f. female inmate; í-búð, f. in-
jewel of a cloak; fé er í því there is value dwelling; í-byggjari, m. inmate, inhabi-
in it; Hallr kvað góðan kost í henni, H. tant.
said she was a good match; hvat er íþví? íð (pl. -ir), f. doing, deed (poet.).

283
í-endr Í íviðja
í-endr, a. still breathing, alive, opp. to (poet.); -kol, -kul, n. iron chill or cold-
‘ør-endr’; í-fang, n. grappling with; í- ness.
fellt, a. n., of the wind, filling the sails; ís-brot, n. broken ice; -brún, f. edge of
í-frá, prep., see ‘frá’; í-ganga, f. under- an ice-field; -högg, n. ice-breaking.
taking, entering upon; í-gangr, m. (1) be- í-sjá, f. attention.
ginning; (2) wearing of clothes. ís-jaki, m. ice-floe.
ígangs-klæði, n. pl. wearing apparel ísjá-verðr, a. worth looking into.
(höfðu menn -klæði sín). í-sjón, f. aspect, appearance (þann veg
í-gildi, n. equivalent, equal (þeir þykkja er himininn ísjónar).
vera lendra manna ígildi); í-gjarn, a. ea- ís-kaldr, a. ice-cold.
ger for (e-s); í-gróðra, a. indecl. in full ís-land, n. Iceland.
growth. ís-lendingr (-s, -ar), m. Icelander.
ígull, m. sea-urchin. ís-lenska, f. the Icelandic tongue.
íhlutanar-mikill, -samr, a. meddle- ís-lenskr, a. Icelandic.
some, interfering. ís-lög, n. pl. = ísalög; -möl, f. ground
í-hræddr, a. a little timid; í-huga (broken) ice; -rek, n., -reki, m. ice-drift.
(að), v. to consider, muse over; í-hugan, íss (gen. íss, pl. ísar), m. ice; ísa (acc.)
f. minding, consideraticn; í-hugi, m. leggr á vötn, the lakes (rivers) freeze over;
minding, sympathy. ísa leysir, tekr af vötnum, the ice thaws,
í-högg, n. striking in. breaks up.
íkorni, m. squirrel. í-stað (pl. í-stöð), n. stirrup; í-stan-
í-kynda (-da, -dr), v. to kindle; refl., gan, f. instigation, pricking; í-stig, n. =
íkyndast, to be kindled, take fire; í-lát, n. ístað.
vessel into which a thing is put; í-lendast ístr, n., ístra, f. paunch-fat.
(d), v. refl. to settle in a country; í-lendr, ístöðu-lauss, a. weak, faint-hearted.
a. settled in a place, naturalized. ítala, f. proportionate share in common
ím, n. dust, ashes. pasture.
íma, f. poet. strife, fight, battle. ítar-ligr, a. fine, glorious, lordly.
írar, m. pl. Irishmen, the Irish. ítr (acc. ítran), a. glorious, excellent.
írast, v. refl. to be rumoured abroad. ítr-borinn, pp. high-born; -hugaðr,
íri, m. rumour, gossip (rare). a. high-mmuinded; -laukr, m. beautiful
írland, n. Ireland. leek or plant; -mannligr, a. of stout, no-
írska, f. the Irish tongue. ble bearing; -skapaðr, pp. beautifully
írskr, a. Irish. shaped; -vaxinn, pp. of beautiful stature;
ísa (að), v. to cover with ice (íss). -þveginn, pp. clean-washed, bright
ísa-gangr, m. drifting of ice; -lauss, a. (ítrþvegnir armar).
ice-free; -lög, n. pl. formation or layer of í-vera, f. ‘dwelling-in’ (kjósa sér stað til
ice. íveru).
ísarn, n. iron, = járn; -kol, n. bellows; ívið-gjarn, a. wicked, evil (rare).
-leikr, m. battle (poet.). íviði, n. (Völuspá 2)?
ísarn-borg, f. iron plating of a ship íviðja, f. giantess, ogress (rare).

284
í-vist Í íþrótt-ligr
í-vist, f. = ívera; hús til ívistar, a house íþrótta-lauss, a. unskilled; -maðr,
to dwell in. m. one skilled in bodily exercises.
íþrótt, f. accomplishment, feat, art, íþrótt-ligr, a. skilful; -ligr fimleikr,
skill (vel búinn at íþróttum). dexterity in feats.

285
jaðarr jafni

J
af hálsinum ofan á jöfnu).
jafnaðar-boð, n. fair offer; -dómr, m.
fair judgement; leggja mál til -dóms, to
put a case before an umpire; -fundr, m. a
meeting on equal terms; -geð, n. even tem-
per; -kaup, n. equal bargain; -maðr, m.
(1) equal match; (2) fair (impartial) man;
-samr, a. fair; -skipti, n. fairdealing;
jaðarr (gen. -s, dat. jaðri, pl. -þokki, m. mutual affection.
jaðrar), m. (1) edge, border, selvage (of jafnaðr (gen. -ar), m. (1) comparison;
cloth, of a sail, tent, &c.); (2) poet. (2) equal share (en þaðan af höfum vit jaf-
prince, lord (ása j., folks j.). nað báðir); at jafnaði, in equal proportions
jaðra-skegg, n. whiskers. (skipta e-u at jafnaði); usually, as a rule (=
jafn, a. (1) even; jöfn tala, even number; með jafnaði); (3) equity, fairness.
(2) equal, the same; þínar (viz. ferðir) jafn-aldra, a. indecl. of the same age;
verða flestar jafnastar, thy doings are -aldri, m. one of the same age (þeir váru
mostly the same, all equally bad; hann var mjök jafnaldrar).
ellefu vetra ok sterkr at jöfnum aldri, and jafnan, adv. constantly, always.
strong for his age; jafn e-m, equal to one; jafn-bjóða (see bjóða), v. to be equal
jafnt er sem þér sýnist, af er fótrinn, it is to, be a match for one (e-m); -borinn,
just as it appears to thee, the leg is off; ko- pp. of equal birth; -borinn til e-s, having
mast til jafns við e-n, hafa e-t til jafns við equal birthright to (-borinn til ríkis sem
e-n, to equal one, be one’s match in a thing; ek); -breiðr, a. equally broad; -dœgri,
at jöfnu, equally, in equal shares. n. equal length of day and night, equinox;
jafn-, in compds., such a, so… a, equal- -dœmi, n. equitable (fair) judgement, jus-
ly, as; er þat skömm j.-mörgum mön- tice; -dœmr, a. fair, impartial.
num, it is a shame for so many men; j.-fræ- jafnendr, m. pl. daysmen, umpires.
gr drengr, so fine a fellow; j.-auðveldr, as jafn-fram, adv. (1) equally forward,
easy. side by side, with (leggr fram skeiðina
jafna (að), v. (1) to cut even, to trim -fram skipi Hrúts); evenly, in a straight
(mörum sínum mön jafnaði); (2) to make line (standa allir -fram fyrir konungs-
equal; (3) to divide in equal shares (j. ríki borðinu); (2) at the same time (þeir riðutil
með sér); (4) j. e-u til e-s, við e-t, to þings -fram Skeggja); -framt, adv.
compare (liken) one thing with (to) anoth- equally, in the same degree, = -fram;
er; j. e-u saman, to compare, set of one -fœtis, adv. on equal footing (standa
thing against another (var þá jafnat saman -fœtis e-m, við e-n); -gegnt, prep. with
vígum); (5) refl., jafnast við e-n, jafnast dat. just opposite to; -girnd, f. equity,
e-m, to even oneself with, call oneself a fairness; -gjarn, a. as eager; just, equi-
match for, another; j. orðum við e-n, to table; -harðr, a. as hard; -hugaðr, a. (1)
bandy words with one. of even temper; (2) of one mind.
jafna, f. level ground, plain (hann flýði jafni, m. (1) equalness; mæla til jafna (=

286
jafningi J jarð-bann
til jafns) við e-n, to speak just as well as v. to weigh against, counterbalance; -yrða
another; (2) even number (= jöfn tala). (-ða, -ðr), v. to bandy words with one (e-
jafningi (pl. -jar), m. equal, match. n).
jafn-keypi, n. equal bargain, = jaf- jaga (að), v. (1) to harp on one string; j.
naðarkaup; -kominn, pp. on even terms; ávallt á enni sömu sök, to be always harp-
with equal title (-komnir til erfðar); neut., ing on the same case; (2) to hunt (j. dýr),
-komit er á með ykkr, you are well rare.
matched; -krappr, a. as strait, as narrow; jaka-för, f. drifting of ice-floes.
í -krappan stað, in such a strait; -leikit, jaki, m. broken ice, ice-floe.
pp. n. an equal game; -lendi, n. a level jakobs-land, n. Compostella in Spain;
piece of ground; -lengd, f. the same time -messa, f. St. James’ mass.
of the following day (til -lengdar annars jalda, f. mare (í jöldu líki).
dags); the same day in the next year, an- jam-, jamn-, see ‘jafn-’.

J
niversary (eigi síðarr en fyrir -lengd); jamtar, jamtr, m. pl. men from Jamta-
-léttvígr, a. as active in wielding arms; land in Sweden.
-liða, a. indecl. with an equal number of jarða (að), v. to earth, bury.
men; -liga, adv. (1) equally, fairly (skipta jarðar-, gen. from ‘jörð’; -ávöxtr, m.
-liga); (2) usually, always; -ligr, a. equal, produce of the earth; -blómi, m. bloom of
fair; -lyndi, n. evenness of temper; -lyn- the earth; -megin, n. strength of the earth
dr, a. even-tempered; -maki, m. = jafnin- (sá var aukinn -megni or -magni); -men,
gi; -menni, n. equal, match; -menntr, a. n. a long sod or turf; ganga undir -men, to
of equal rank; -mæli, n. fair play, equal- creep under a sod partially detached from
ity; -oki, m. equal, match (for one); the earth.
-ræði, n. equal match; -saman, adv. to- jarð-bann, n. want of grazing (from
gether (fyrir þessa hugsan alla -saman); snow or frost); -borg, f. stronghold of
-skiptiliga, adv. equally; -skjótt, adv. earth; -búi, m. underground-dweller; -el-
immediately, at once; -skjótt sem, as soon dr, m. volcanic fire; -fall, n. earth-slip;
as; -snemma, adv. at the very same mo- -fastr, a. fixed in the earth (-fastr
ment; allir -snemma, all at the same time; steinn); -fé, n. treasure hidden in the
-sætti, n. an agreement on equal terms. earth; -fjúk, n. drifting snow; -fólginn,
jafnt, adv. (1) just, precisely (þat var j. pp. hidden in the earth; -hita, f., -hiti,
jólaaptan sjálfan, er þeir börðust); (2) al- m. subterranean (volcanic) heat; -hola, f.
ways, perpetually. earth-hole; -hús, n. underground room or
jafn-tefli, a. an equal, drawn game; passage; -kostr, m. choice of land, land
-vegit, pp. n. with an equal number slain to be had; -kross, m. cross-shaped mark
on both sides; -vel, adv. (1) as well, equal- in the ground; -laug, f. a bath in a warm
ly well; (2) likewise, even (-vel sýniliga); spring in the earth; -ligr, a. earthly;
-virði, n. equal worth; -vígi, n. drawn bat- -lús, f. ‘earth-louse’; -lægr, a. lying on
tle; -vægi, n. equal weight; -vægja (-ða, the ground; -neskr, a. earthly; -ríki, n.
-t), v. to equal, match, with dat.; -vægr, the earth, world, opp. to ‘himin-ríki’;
a. of equal weight; -vætta (-tta, -tt), -skjálfti, m. earthquake; -stofa, f. un-

287
jarki J járn-hanki
derground room; -veggr, m. earthen wall. carry hot iron (as an ordeal); (2) in pl.
jarki, m. the outside edge of the foot. irons, fetters (setja e-n í j., sitja íjárnum);
jarkna-steinn, m. glittering gem. iron hinges (lék þar grind ájárnum);
jarl (-s, -ar), m. (1) poet. a highborn, horse-shoes.
noble man or warrior; (2) earl (in dignity járna (að), v. (1) to mount with iron
next to the king); -borinn, pp. earl- (járnaðir vagnar); (2) to shoe a horse (hes-
born, an earl by birth; -dómr, m., -dœmi, tr járnaðr öllum fótum).
n. earldom. járna-far, n. iron-plating, on a ship;
jarls-dóttir, f. earl’s daughter; -gangr, m. chafing, galling from irons
-maðr, m. an earl’s follower; -nafn, n. (máttlítill af -gangi); -staðr, m. mark or
earl’s title; -ríki, n. dominion of an earl, print of irons.
earldom; -sæti, n. earl’s seat. járn-borg, f. ‘iron-castle’ (used of a
jarma (að), v. to bleat, of sheep and ring of iron-clad ships); -bundinn, pp.
goats (ærin jarmaði). iron-bound, of a shield; -burðr, m. the
jarmr, m. bleating (sauða j.); screaming ordeal of carrying hot iron; -bútr, m. iron
of birds (fugls j.). stump; -dragi, m. ‘iron-drawer’, magnet;
jarpr, a. chestnut, reddish-brown (j. á -festr, f. iron band; -fjöturr, m. iron-
hár); j. hestr, chestnut-horse. fetter; -fleinn, m. iron rod; -gaddr, m.
jarp-skamr, m. ‘the brown pygmy’ (viz. iron spike (goad); -gjörð, f. iron girdle;
Erpr). -glófi, m. iron glove; -góðr, a. of good
jarp-skjóttr, a. bay-piebald. iron; -greipr, f. pl. iron gloves.
jar-tegn (-tein, -teikn), n. (1) token, járngørðar-maðr, m. blacksmith.
proof (of a thing); hafa e-t til -tegna, to járn-hanki, m. iron handle; -hólkr,
use as a token or evidence; vera til jarteg- m. iron tube; -hvalr, m. harpooned
na, to serve as a token; (2) miracle; -teg- whale; -kambr, m. iron comb; -ketill,
na, -teina (að or -di, -dr), v. to betoken. m. iron kettle; -kló, f. iron claw or fang;
jata (gen. jötu), f. manger. -klukka, f. iron bell; -klæddr, pp. iron-
jaur, adv. yes indeed, yes certainly. clad; -krókr, m. iron crook; -kylfa, f.
jaxl (-s, -ar), m. jaw-tooth, grinder, mo- iron club; -ligr, a. of iron; -loka, f. iron
lar (tennrnar ok jaxlarnir). bar; -lurkr, m. iron cudgel; -lykkja, f.
jaxla-verkr, m. tooth-ache. iron clasp; -meiss, m. iron basket; -mél,
já, adv. yea, yes; já, já! yes, yes! n. pl. iron mouth-piece (of a bridle);
já (jái, jáða, jáðr), v. to say yes, assent -mikill, a. of solid iron; -nökkvi, m.
to, with dat. (hann jáði því); já e-m e-u, iron boat; -rekendr, f. pl. iron chains;
to confess a thing to one; j. e-u upp, undan -rending, f. iron brim (of a shield);
sér, to yield up. -rendr, pp. bordered with iron (targa
já-kvæða (-dda, -ddr), v. to say yes -rend); -sía, f. spark from red-hot iron;
to, with dat.; -kvæði, n. assent, consent; -skór, m. iron shoe; -slá, f. iron bar;
gjalda -kvæði til e-s, to give one’s assent -sleggja, f. iron sledge-hammer; -smiðr,
to; -orð, n. = -kvæði. m. blacksmith; -smíði, n. smith’s work;
járn, n. (1) iron (hagr á j.); bera j., to -spjót, n. iron spear; -spöng, f. iron

288
játa J jökla-gangr
plate; -stafr, m. iron staf; -stöng, f. Christmas.
iron bar; -súla, f. iron column; -teinn, jóla-aptann, m. Yule-eve, Christmas-
m. iron prong; -vafiðr, pp. wound round eve; -boð, n. Yule banquet; -dagr, m.
with iron; -variðr, pp. mounted with iron Yule-day, Christmas-day; -drykkja, f.
(= járni varðr); -vápn, n. pl. iron Yule-drinking; -fasta, f. Advent; -friðr,
weapons; -viðjar, f. pl. iron withes, iron m. Yule-peace, Christmas-peace; -gjöf, f.
wire. Yule-gift, christmas box; -hald, n. keep-
játa, or játta (að, or -tta, -ttr), v. ing of Yule; -kveld, n. Yule-eve;
(1) to say yes to, with dat. (þessu játar -morginn, m. Yule morning; -nótt, f.
or játir hann); (2) to acknowledge, admit Yule night; -tíðir, f. pl. Christmas ser-
(erkibiskup hafði því játat, at); (3) to con- vice; -veizla, f. Yule banquet or entertain-
sent; mun ek þessu j. fyrir mik ok mína ment; -vist, f. staying over Yule; -öl, n.
heimamenn, I will agree to this for myself Yule ale.

J
and my household; j. e-u undan sér, j. e-u jóms-víkingar, m. pl. the Vikings of
upp, to yield up; (4) to promise (konungr Jom (Wollin in Pomerania).
játaði þeim griðum ok sættum); (5) with jón, m., a proper name, John.
acc. of the thing, to acknowledge (j. syn- jóns-messa, f. St. John Baptist’s day,
dir); to grant, give (játtuðu allir þér ko- the 24th of June; -stúka, f. chapel of St.
nungdóm); with acc. of the person; fyr John; -vaka, f. = -messa.
engan mun játum vér hann guð, by no jór (gen. jós; pl. jóar, acc. jóa and
means do we acknowledge him to be God; j. jói, dat. jóm), m. poet. stallion, steed.
sik, to confess oneself; j. sik undir e-t, to jó-reið, f. riding on horseback; -reykr,
engage oneself; (6) refl., játast undir e-t, m. cloud of dust (seen afar off above a
játast til e-s, = játa sik undir e-t. body of horsemen).
játan, játtan, f. (1) affirmation; (2) jórsala-, gen. pl. from ‘Jórsalir’;
confession (j. synda). -borg, f. Jerusalem; -fari, m. Jerusalem
játari, m. one who confesses. traveller; -ferð, -för, f. journey to J.;
játning, f. confession (j. heilagrar -lýðr, m. the people of J.
trúar, j. synda). jórsalir, m. pl. Jerusalem.
ját-orð, n. consent (seinn í -orðum). jótar, m. pl. the Jutes.
játsi, a. indecl. saying yes; verða e-m e- jót-land, n. Jutland.
s j., to promise one a thing. jung-frú, f. princess, lady; -herra, m.
játta (að, or -tta, -ttr), v. = játa. ‘young lord’, prince.
já-yrði, n. consent; leggja sitt -yrði til, jurt (pl. -ir), f. aromatic herb.
to give consent. justa, f. bowl, cup.
jóð, n. baby (j. ól Edda). jöðurr, m. = jaðarr.
jóð-ligr, a. thriving (of a baby); -sótt, jöfurr (-s, pl. jöfrar), m. poet. king,
f. pains of childbirth; -ungr, a. very prince, chief (af Svía jöfri).
young. jöklaðr, a. covered with icicles (yfir
jól, n. pl. Yule, a great midwinter feast jökluðu skeggi).
in the heathen time, afterwards applied to jökla-gangr, m. ice-drift (in a river);

289
jökul-barinn J jötunn
-vatu, icy water. surface of the earth, ground (féll hann þá
jökul-barinn, pp. storm-beaten, stiff- dauðr til jarðar); (3) mould; (4) land, es-
ened with ice; -kaldr, a. ice-cold. tate.
jökull (gen. -s, dat. jókli; pl. jök- jörfi, m. gravel, gravel bank.
lar), m. (1) icicle (hann gekk inn í sal, jörmun-, a prefix, denoting something
glumdu jöklar); (2) ice (vatnit snýst í huge, vast superhuman; -gandr, m. the
jökul); (3) glacier. great monster, the Midgard Serpent;
jökul-vatn, n. ice-water from a glacier; -grund, f. the earth.
-vetr, m. severe winter. jöstr (gen. jastar), m. yeast.
jöll, n. poet. disturbance, strife (?). jötun-heimar, m. pl. the Giants’ land;
jörð (gen. jarðar, dat. jörðu; pl. -móðr, m. giant’s wrath, fury.
jarðir), f. (1) earth, opp. to ‘himinn’ jötunn (gen. -s, dat. jötni; pl. jöt-
(hvárt býr guð á himni eða jörðu?); (2) the nar), m. giant; jötna synir, sons of giants.

290
kaðall kalla

K
-þykkr, a. very thick (of fog, sn ow-
storm, etc.).
kaga (að), v. to bend forward and peep,
pry (hón kagar hjá gáttinni).
kaggi, m. keg, cask, a nickname.
kala (kell, kól, kalinn), v. impers.,
mik kell, I freeze, become frost-bitten
(kalinn á fótum); e-n kell í hel, one freezes
kaðall (gen. -s, dat. kaðli; pl. to death.
kaðlar), m. cable, rope. kalda (að), v. to become cold; impers.
kaf, n. a plunge into water, dive, diving; to blow cold; kaldar af boðafallinu, a gust
fær hann annat k. at öðru, he gets one of cold wind came from the breakers.
plunge after another; taka k., to dive under kalda-hlátr, m. sardonic laughter.
water; á k., í k., into water, under water; kald-liga, adv. coldly; -ligr, a. cold.
hlaupa á k., to plunge into water; fara í k., kaldr, a. (1) cold; kalt veðr, cold weath-
to go under water; á kafi, í kafi, under wa- er; brenna (e-t) at köldum kolum, to burn
ter, diving; of snow, lágu hestarnir á kafi to cold ashes; konungi gørði kalt, the king
í snjónum, the horses stuck deep in the began to get cold; (2) baneful, hostile, cruel

K
snow; standa á kafi to sink deep (øxin stóð (köld eru kvenna ráð).
á kafi). kald-ráðr, a. evil-minded, ill-affected;
kafa (að), v. to dive, swim, under water; -rifjaðr, a. ‘cold-ribbed’, cold-hearted,
of a ship, to be swamped in a heavy sea cunning; -yrði, n. pl. ‘cold words’, sar-
(síðan kafaði skipit). casm.
kafa-fjúk, n. thick fall of snow; -hríð, kalekr (-s, -ar), m. cup, chalice.
f. thick snow-storm. kalkr (-s, -ar), m. drinking-cup, goblet
kaf-fœra (-ða, -ðr), v. to thrust under (k. er þú skalt drekka af).
water, to duck (= fœra e-n í kaf); -för, kall, n. (1) call, cry, shouting (heyra k.
f. going under water, ducking; -hlaðinn, mikit); (2) appellation, name (þeir nefna
pp. deep-laden; -hlaup, n. deep snow; hann jarl enn illa, var þetta k. haft lengi
-hleypr, a. sinking deep in the snow (var síðan).
svá mikill snjór, at allt var -hleypt). kalla (að), v. (1) to call, shout, cry
kafinn, pp. from ‘kefja’, fig. absorbed. (kallaði konungr ok bað létta af); (2) to
kafli, m. a piece cut off; tok at leysa call, summon by a call, send for (um
ísinn í köflum, the ice began to break up kveldit kallaði konungr Áslák); (3) to say
into floes. (sumir menn kalla, at eigi sé sakleysi í);
kafna (að), v. to be suffocated, choked, at kalla, so to say, nominally; sáttir at k.,
in water, smoke, etc. (k. í sandfoki, í sto- nominally reconciled; (4) k. sér e-t, to
fureyk). claim for oneself (konungr kallaði sér allar
kafnan, f. suffocation. Orkneyjar); (5) to call, name (Mörðr hét
kaf-sund, f. swimming under water; maðr, er kallaðr var gígja); (6) refl.,
-syndr, a. good at swimming under water; kallast, to say of oneself; konungr

291
kallari K kapp-kosta
kallaðist hann reynt hafa at góðum make one’s acquaintance (Þórólfr hitti þar
dreng, the king said that he had found him marga frændr sina þá, er hann hafði ei-
a good and brave fellow; (7) with preps., gi áðr við kannazt); to acknowledge (kön-
k. at e-m, to call to one; k. á e-n, to call nuðust þeir við, at þat var sannmæli); to
to one (Flosi gekk þá at durum ok kallaði recognize as one’s own (með því at engi
á Njál); to call on, invoke (kallaði hann á kannast við svein þenna); recipr., to rec-
guð ok hinn helga Olaf); k. á e-t, to lay ognize one another (síðan könnuðust þau
claim to (Snækollr kallaði á bú nökkur þar við).
í eyjunum); k. eptir, to protest; k. e-n ep- kanóki, m. canon (of a church).
tir e-m, to call or name after; k. til e-s, kantara-kápa, f., -sloppr, m. a
to call to, invoke (k. til guðs); to lay claim priest’s or bishop’s gown.
to, to claim, demand (Snorri kallaði þá til kapal-hestr, m., -hross, n. = kapall.
brynju sinnar); k. til e-s við e-n, í hendr kapall (-s, pl. kaplar), m. pack-horse,
e-m, to claim a thing from one. hack (naut ok kaplar).
kallari, m. crier, herald. kapella, f. chapel (k. konungs).
kalls, n. (1) taunting, raillery; gøra e-m kapellu-prestr, m. priest of a chapel.
k., hafa í kallsi við e-n, to taunt one; (2) kapituli, m. (1) chapter; (2) meet-
importunate claim. ingroom in a cloister or convent.
kallsa (að), v. (1) to taunt, mock; (2) to kapp, n. contest, zeal, eagerness, ardour;
molest, annoy, importune. deila kappi við e-n, brjóta kapp (halda til
kalls-lauss, a. unmolested; -yrði, n. kapps) við e-n, to contend, contest, with
pl. gibes, taunts. one; með kappi, with ardour; meirr af
kamarr (-s, pl. kamrar), m. privy. kappi en forsjá, with more obstinacy than
kambari, m. comb-maker. prudence; berjast af miklu kappi, with
kambr (-s, -ar), m. (1) comb; (2) card- great ardour; renna í köpp við e-n, to run
ing-comb; (3) crest, comb; (4) ridge (of a race with.
hills). kappa-, gen. pl. from ‘kappi’; -lið, n.
kampr (-s, -ar), m. (1) beard on the lips, troop of champions; -tala, f. roll of cham-
moustache; (2) the whiskers (of a seal); (3) pions (taka e-n í kappatölu); -val, n.
front wall. Also ‘kanpr’. choice of chamnpions.
kangin-yrði, n. pl. jeering- words. kapp-drykkja, f. drinking-match;
kanna (gen. könnu), f. can, tankard. -drœgt, a. n. strongly contested; varð
kanna (að), v. (1) to search, explore þeim -drœgt í leiknum, it was a hard con-
(þeir könnuðu landit fyrir austan ána); test; kvað þeim þetta mundu -drœgt, it
k. lið, to review, muster troops; k. val, to would be a hard task; -fúss, a. = -gjarn;
search the field for slain; k. e-t af, to find -girni, f. eagerness, energy; -gjarn, a.
out, make out (ferr Brandr biskup norðr á full of energy and desire to excel.
Völlu ok kannar þat af, at); k. til = k. af kappi, m. hero, champion, man of valour
(kannaðist svá til, at); (2) refl., kannast (k. mikill, kappar konungs).
við e-t, to recognize, know again (kan- kapp-kosta (að), v. to strive, endeav-
naðist hón við hann ok kynferði hans); to our; -leikr, m. fighting-match; -mæli, n.

292
kapps-fullr K kasta
pl. dispute; -nógr, a. plentiful; -orðr, a (good) match, of a man; -kyn, n. the
a. contentious, wrangling; -róðr, m. row- male sex; -leggr, m. male lineage, ag-
ing-match; -samliga, adv. (1) impetuous- nates; -maðr, m. (1) man, male, opp. to
ly, with energy; (2) abundantly, plentifully; ‘kvennmaðr’ woman (-maðr ok kona); (2)
-samliga alinn, very well fed; -samligr, man of valour (styrkr ok fálátr ok inn
a. (1) vehement; (2) rich, liberal (-samlig hraustasti -maðr).
veizla); -samr, a. vehement, impetuous; karlmann-liga, adv. in a manly way;
-semd, -semi, f. energy, headstrong char- -ligr, a. (1) manly, bold; (2) masculine (-
acter. ligt kyn).
kapps-fullr, a. contentious, eager to karlmanns-búnaðr, m., -klæði, n.
excel, vehement (harðr ok k.). pl., man’s attire.
kapp-sigling, f. sailing-match. karl-mennska, f. manhood, valour.
kapps-maðr, m. man of energy. karls-efni, n. ‘the makings of a man’,
kapp-sund, n. swimming-match; -svin- a promising lad (as a nickname); -höfuð,
nr, a. vehement, passionate; -yrði, n. pl. n. a man’s head (carved on a pillar).
overbearing language; -œrinn, a. fully karl-sift, adv. on the male side;
sufficient, abundant. -svipt, f. relationship by descent on the
karar-, gen. from ‘kör’; -kerling, male side; -sviptr, a. male.

K
-kona, f., -maðr, m. bedridden old karmr (-s, -ar), m. breast-work, para-
woman, man. pet (kastalar ok karmar).
karbunkuli-steinn, m. carbuncle. karnaðr (gen. -ar), m. concubinage.
kardináli, m. cardinal. karp, n. bragging, boasting; -málugr,
karfa-fótr, m. an unsteady leg. a. bragging, boastful; -yrði, n. pl. over-
karfi, m. swift-going ship, galley. bearing words.
karfi, m. red-fish, red sea-perch. karsk-liga, adv. briskly, boldly.
karína, f. a fast of forty days (imposed karskr, a. brisk, bold; hale, hearty.
as a penance). kart-nagl, m. diseased nail.
karl (-s, -ar), m. (1) man, opp. to kartr (-s, -ar), m. cart.
woman (brigðr er karla hugr konum); (2) kasa (að), v. to heap earth upon, to bury
a man of the common people, a carle; (3) (hann var kasaðr í urð).
old man. kass, m. large box, case, creel.
karla-fólk, n. male folk; -föt, n. pl. kast, n. (1) cast, throw of a net; (2) throw
men’s attire; -sæti, n. seat for men. of dice; koma í k. við e-n, to come in colli-
karl-dyrr, f. pl. the men’s door; -fátt, sion with one; kemr til várra kasta at, it is
a. n. wanting in men-folk (þar var -fátt our turn to; (3) a kind of cloak.
heima); -fjöldi, m. multitude of male kasta (að), v. (1) to cast, throw, with
persons; -föt, n. pl. men’s attire; -gildr, dat. (Egill kastaði þegar niðr horninu);
a. as good as a man (var hón ok -gild k. akkerum, to cast anchor; k. verplum,
at afli); -höfði, m. a carved man’s head, teningum, to throw with dice; k. orðum á
figure-head; -kenndr, pp. masculine; e-n, to address one; refl., kastast orðum á,
-klæði, n. pl. men’s clothes; -kostr, m. to exchange words; k. kalls-yrðum at e-m,

293
kastala-menn K kaup-varningr
to throw taunts at one; k. eign sinni á e-t, kaupast við, to bargain with one another.
to seize upon, take possession of; k. á sik kaupa-kostir, m. pl. terms of a bar-
sótt, to feign illness; (2) to cast off (er H. gain; -land, n. purchased land; -mang,
heyrði þetta, kastaði hann skikkjunni); k. n. barter, bartering; -mark, a. purchased
trú, to cast off one’s faith; (3) impers., e-u (cattle) mark, opp. to one inherited.
kastar, is thrown, flung; tóku þeir gneista kaupangr (-rs and -s), m. market-
þá, er kastat hafði ór Múspellsheimi, they place (í kaupangi sem í heraði).
took the sparks that had been cast out from kaupangrs-lýðr, m. towns-folk.
M.; skipinu hafði kastat, had capsized; kaup-brigði, n. breach of contract;
henni var kastat skinni at beini, the skin -bœr, m. = kaupangr; -drengr, m. =
was, as it were, thrown over her bones -maðr; -dýrr, a. demanding a high price,
(from leanness); (4) with ‘um’; k. um expensive; -eyrir, m. article of trade,
hesti, to turn, wheel, a horse right round; wares, cargo; -ferð, f. trading journey or
k. um sínum hug, to alter one’s (own) dis- voyage; -fox, n. cheating; -friðr, m. se-
position; absol. to turn round, wheel about. curity for trade; -för, f. = -ferð, esp. in pl.
kastala-menn, m. pl. defenders of a (hafa skip í -förum, fara -förum); -gegn,
castle; -stafr, m. castle pillar; -veggr, a. good at trading; -gjald, n. wages, pay;
m. castle wall. -hús, n. shop; -lag, n. tax, price;
kastali, m. castle, stronghold. -laust, a. n. (1) without charge, gratu-
katlari, katla-smiðr, m. kettlemak- itously; (2) without bargain or profit;
er. -ligr, a. mercantile; mér verðr -ligt, I
katt-skinn, n. cat’s skirt. come to a bargain; -maðr, m. trader, mer-
kaup, n. (1) bargain; illt (gott) k., bad chant; -manga (að), v. to bargain (-man-
(good) bargain; slá kaupi við e-n, to strike ga við e-n).
a bargain with one; eiga k. við e-n, to bar- kaupmanna-gørfi, n. merchant’s at-
gain, trade with one; verða at kaupi, to tire; -lög, n. pl. league of merchants (vera
come to a bargain; (2) stipulation, agree- í -lögum = vera kaupmaðr).
ment (þá tala þeir um k., ok verða á allt kaupmann-liga, adv. in a merchant-
sáttir); (3) wages, pay (konungr gaf hon- like manner; -ligr, a. merchant-like.
um mikit k.); vera af kaupi, to be of one’s kaup-máli, m. bargain, contract; -rof,
bargain, to have forfeited it. n. breach of bargain; -sáttr, a. agreed as
kaupa (kaupi, keypta, kayptr), v. (1) to a bargain; -skapr, m. stores of mer-
to buy (keypti Njáll land í Ossabœ); ab- chandise, wares; -skip, n. merchant ship;
sol. to make a bargain; k. kaupi, to bar- -slaga (að), v. to bargain; -staðr, m.
gain; (2) to make an agreement about (þeir market town; -stefna, f. fair, market;
keyptu þessu); (3) with preps., k. e-n á -sveinn, m. = -drengr; -tún, n. market
braut, to buy one of; k. e-t at e-m, to buy a town.
thing of one; k. saman, to bargain; k. um kaupu-nautr, m. customer.
e-t, to barter, exchange (keypti hann um kaup-varningr, m. merchant wares;
lönd við Guðrúnu); k. við e-n, to make a -váttr, m., -vitni, n. witness to a bar-
bargain, come to terms with one; recipr., gain; -þorp, n. = -tún.

294