A Concise

Dictionary
of
Old Icelandic
Fonts by Monokrom
Formatting by Prince
 Published by Oxford University Press

1910Original content by Geir T. Zoëga.

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a af

A
from the meeting; Flosi kastaði af sér
skikkjunni, threw off his cloak; Gizzur

A
gekk af útsuðri at gerðinu, from the south-
west; hann hafði leyst af sér skúa sína,
he had taken off his shoes; Steinarr vildi
slíta hann af sér, throw him off; tók Gísli
þá af sér vápnin, took off his arms; bréf
af Magnúsi konungi, a letter from king
a, a negative suffix to verbs, not; era út- Magnus; land af landi, from one land to
makligt, at it is not unmeet that. the other; hverr af öðrum, one after anoth-
abbadis (pl. -ar), f. abbess. er, in succession; vil ek þú vinnir af þér
abbast (að), v. ref. to be angry, to quar- skuldina, work off the debt; muntu enga
rel (a. við e-n, upp á e-n). sætt af mér fá, no peace at my hand; rísa
abbindi (= afbindi), n. constipation. af dauða, to rise from the dead; vakna af
aðal, n. nature, disposition. draumi, to awaken from a dream; lúka upp
aðal- in compds., chief, head, principal; af hrossi, to open a gate from off a horse;
-akkeri, n. sheet-anchor; -ból, n. vindr stóð af landi, the wind blew from the
manor; -borinn, pp. of noble birth, = land; (2) out of; verða tekinn af heimi, to
óðal-borinn; -festr, f. see alaðsfestr; be taken out of the world; gruflar hón af
-fylking, f. the main body of troops, cen- læknum, she scrambles out of the brook;
tre; -haf, n. the high sea; -henda, f. = Otradalr var mjök af vegi, far out of the
alhenda; -hending, f. full or perfect way. Connected with út; föstudaginn fór
rhyme, as góð: blóð (opposed to út herrinn af borginni, marched out of the
‘skothending’); -hendr, a. (verse) with town. II. Of time; past, beyond: af óma-
perfect rhymes; -kelda, f. chief well; ga-aldri, able to support oneself, of age;
-kirkja, f. chief part of a church, opp. to ek em nú af léttasta skeiði, no longer in
‘forkirkja’; -liga, adv. completely, quite; the prime of life; þá er sjau vikur eru af
-merki, n. chief banner; -ritning, f. sumri, when seven weeks of summer are
chief writing; -skáli, m. the main hall, past; var mikit af nótt, much of the night
opp. to ‘forskáli, forhús’; -tré, n. trunk was past. III. In various other relations:
of a tree; -troll, n. downright ogre; (1) þiggja lið af e-m, to receive help from
-túlkr, m. chief spokesman. one; hafa umboð af e-m, to be another’s
aðild, f. chief defendantship or prosecu- deputy; vera góðs (ills) maklegr af e-m,
torship. to deserve good (bad) of one; féll þar lið
aðildarmaðr, m. = aðili. mart af Eyvindi, many of Eyvind’s men fell
aðili (-ja, -jar, later -a, -ar), m. chief there; þá eru þeir útlagir ok af goðorði
defendant (varnaraðili) or prosecutor (sók- sínu, have forfeited their ‘goðorð’; þá skalt
naraðili, sakaraðili). þú af allri fjárheimtunni, forfeit all the
af, prep. w. dat. I. Of place: (1) off, claim; ek skal stefna þér af konunni, sum-
from; G. hljóp af hesti sínum, G. jumped mon thee to give up; (2) off, of; höggva
off his horse; ganga af mótinu, to go away fót, hönd, af e-m, to cut off one’s foot,

3
afar A af-burðr
hand; vil ek, at þú takir slíkt sem þér of the way; sofa af nóttina, to sleep the
líkar af varningi, whatever you like of the night away.
stores; þar lá forkr einn ok brotit af en- afar, adv., used as an intensive before
danum, with the point broken off; absol., an adj. or another adv., very, exceedingly
beit hann höndina af, bit the hand off; (a. auðigr, a. breiðr, a. vel, a. illa).
fauk af höfuðit, the head flew off; (3) of, afarkosta-laust, adv. on fair terms.
among; hinn efniligasti maðr af ungum afar-kostr, m. hard terms; -ligr, a.
mönnum, the most promising of the young immense, huge; -menni, n. an outstand-
men; (4) with; hláða, (ferma) skip af e-u, ing man; -orð, n. overbearing word; -úði-
to load (freight) a ship with; fylla heiminn gr, a. overbearing; -yrði, n. pl. proud
af sínu kyni, to fill the world with his off- speech.
spring; (5) of (= ór which is more fre- af-auðit, pp. n., e-m verðr afauðit um
quent); húsit var gert af timbr stokkum, e-t, one has bad luck (fails) in a thing;
was built of trunks of trees; (6) fig., eigi vi- -blómga (að), v. to deprive of flowers;
ta menn hvat af honum er orðit, what has fig., afblómga frægð e-s, to detract from
become of him; hvat hefir þú gert af Gun- one’s fame; -boð, n. threats, high words;
nari, what hast thou done with Gunnar?; -bragð, n. paragon (afbragð annarra
(7) denoting parentage, descent, origin; manna); in genitive as a prefix to nouns,
ok eru af þeim komnir Gilsbekkingar, are surpassing, excellent (afbragðs vænleikr,
descended from them; kominn af afbragðs maðr).
Trójumönnum, descended from the Tro- afbragðligr, a. surpassing.
jans; (8) by, of (after passive); ek em afbrigð, n. deviation, transgression.
sendr hingat af Starkaði, sent hither by; afbrigðar-tré, n. tree of transgres-
ástsæll af landsmónnum, beloved of; (9) sion.
on account of, by reason of, by; úbygðr af-brigði, n. (1) alteration; (2) = -brigð;
at frosti ok kulda, because of frost and -brot, n. offence, transgressi on;
cold; ómáli af áverkum, speechless from -brugðning, f. deviation; -brúðigr, a.
wounds; af ástæld hans, by his popularity; jealous; -brýða (-dda, -ddr), v. to be
af því, therefore; af hví, wherefor why; af jealous; -brýði, n. jealousy.
því at, because; (10) by means of, by; fram- afburðar, gen. from ‘afburðr’, used as
fœra e-n af verkum sínum, by means of an intensive before adjectives and ad-
his own labour; af sínu fé, by one’s own verbs, very, exceedingly (a. digr, a. vænn,
means; absol., hann fekk af hina mestu a. sterkliga, a. vel).
sœmd, derived great honour from it; (11) afburðar-maðr, m. man of mark;
with adjectives, in regard to; mildr af fé, -samr, a. given to distinguish oneself;
liberal of money; góðr af griðum, merciful; -skip, n. first-rate ship.
fastr af drykk, close (stingy) in regard to af-burðr, m. superiority; kvað honum
drink; (12) used absol. with a verb, off eigi annat vænna til afburðar, to get the
away; hann bað hann þá róa af fjörðinn, better of it; ok vilda ek, at hón yrði eigi
to row the firth off; ok er þeir höfðu af með minnum afburðum, less glorious;
fjörðung, when they had covered one forth -dalr, m. a remote, an out-oj-the-way,

4
affara- A afkleyfis-orð
valley; -deilingr, m. part, portion, af-gøra (-ða, -ðr), v. to do amiss, do
share; -dráttr, m. (1) diminution, deduc- wrong (ek hefi engan hlut afgørt við þik);

A
tion; (2) subtraction; -drif, n. pl. destiny, -gørð, f. transgression, offence; -hallr,
fate (líkligr til stórra afdrifa); -drykkja, a. having a downward slope; -haugr, m.
f. = ofdrykkja; -dœma (-da, -dr), v. (1) side-mound; -hefð, f. withholding, anoth-
to take away from one by judicial decision et’s property; -helgast (að), refl. to be-
(afdœma e-n e-u); (2) to prohibit; -eggja come unholy, to be profaned; -hellir, m.
(að), v. to dissuade; -eigna (að), v. to dis- side-cave; -henda (-nda, -ndr), v. (1) to
possess (afeigna e-m e-t); -eista (að), v. hand over; (2) to pay (afhenda skuld);
to castrate; -erfa (-ða, -ðr), v. to disin- -hendis, adv. off one’s hand; -hendr, a.
herit; -eyringr, m. one whose ears have out of one’s hand; segja e-n (sér) afhen-
been cut off; -fall, n. diminution, abate- dan, to give one up; -hent, a. n. unfit
ment; selja e-t með afföllum, to sell at a (e-m er e-t afhent); -heyrandi, pr. p.
discount. out of hearing; absent, opp. to ‘áheyran-
affara-, gen. pl. from ‘afför’, depar- di’; -heyris, adv. out of hearing, opp. to
ture; hence affara-dagr, m. the last day ‘áheyris’; -hlaup, n. surplus; -hlutr, m.
of a feast; -dagr jóla, Twelth Night; af- share of a thing; -hlýðast (-dd), v. refl.
fara-kveld, n. the last evening of a feast. to disobey; -hrapi, m. impoverishment;
af-feðrast (að), v. to degenerate; -hroð, n. damage, loss; gjalda mikit
-ferma (-da, -dr), v. to unload (afferma afhroð, to sustain a heavy loss; gera mikit
skip); -fletta (-tta, -ttr), v. to strip afhroð, to make great havoc; -huga, a. in-
(affletta e-n e-u); -flutningr, m. (1) de- decl. having turned one’s mind from; verða
preciation; (2) dissuasion; -flytja (see afhuga e-u, to mind no more; -hugaðr,
flytja), v. (1) to disparage (afflytja fyrir a. = -huga (-hugaðr við e-t); -hugast
e-m); (2) to represent as unadvisable; (að), v. refl. to put out of one’s mind, with
-fœra, v. to misrepresent; -gamall, a. dat.; -hús, n. outhouse, side-apartinent;
very old, decrepit; -ganga, f. (1) digres- -hvarf, n. deviation from the direct path
sion; (2) deviation from the right course (opp. to ‘gagnvegr’); -hýða (-dda,
(afganga guðs laga); -gangr, m. (1) sur- -ddr), v. to scourge thoroughly; -hylja
plus; hafa hey með afgöngum, to spare; (see hylja), v. to uncover; -hyrning, f.
afgangs, left over, remaining; (2) decease, by-corner, recess; -hæra (-ðs, -ðr), v. to
death; -gelja, f. chattering; -gipt, f. in- cut off the hair; -höfða (að), v. to behead;
dulgence, absolution. -högg, n. hewing off, mutilation; chip-
afgiptar-bréf, n. letter of indulgence. pings.
af-gjarn, a. eager to be off (afgjarnt er afi, m. (1) grandfather; (2) man; a. eptir
öfundarfé); -gjöf, f. tribute; -glapa afa, in regular descent.
(að), v. to disturb an assembly or public af-kaup, n. bad bargain (opp. to
meeting; -glapan, f. disturbance (þings ‘hagkeypi’).
afglapan); -glapi, m. fool, simpleton; af-kárr, a. strange, prodigious.
-greizla, f. payment, contribution. afkleyfis-orð, n., -samstafa, f. a su-
afgöngu-dagr, m. = affara-dagr. perfluous word, syllable (in a verse).

5
af-klæða A afli
af-klæða (-dda, -ddr), v. to undress; af-lausn, f. (1) discharge (release) from
refl., afklæðast, to undress oneself; -ko- claim or obligation; (2) absolution, indul-
mandi (pl. -endr), m. descendant; gence (aflausn synda); -lot, n. (1) leaving
-kvistr, m. lateral branch, offshoot; off, relinquishing (aflát synda, misverka);
-kvæmi, n. offspring. án afláti, incessantly; (2) remission, par-
afkvæmis-maðr, m. descendant. don (aflat misgerninga, synda); -láta
af-kynjaðr, pp. degenerate; -kynjast (see láta), v. with infin. to cease; -legg-
(að), v. refl. to degenerate. ja (see leggja), v. (1) to put aside; (2) to
afl, m. hearth of a forge. give up, abandon; -leiðing, f. (1) terms;
afl, n. (1) physical strength (ramr góðar afleiðingar eru með þeim, they are
styrkr, at afli); (2) force, violence taka on good terms; (2) metric., continuation;
með afli, by force; (3) plurality of votes, -leiðingr, m. = afleiðing (1); þeir skildu
majority; ok skal afl ráda, the majority góðan afleiðing, they parted on friendly
shall decide; (4) virtue, inherent power; a. terms; -leiðis, adv. (1) out of the right
dauðfœrandi grasa, the virtue of poisonous path or course (sigla afleiðis); (2) fig., gan-
herbs. ga afleiðis, to go astray; snua (draga,
afla (að), v. to gain, earn, procure (a. fœra) e-t afleiðis, to pervert, misrepresent
e-m e-s); a. sér fjár ok frama, to earn (þú fœrðir orð þeirra afleiðis); snúa e-
fame and wealth; aflaði þessi bardagi hon- m afleiðis, to lead astray; -leifar, f. pl.
um mikillar frægðar, brought him great leavings, remnants; -leitinn, a. of odd
fame; (2) with acc., to earn (aflaði hann appearance; -leitliga, adv. perversely
þar fé mikit); refl., e-m aflast e-t, one (illa ok afleitliga); -leitligr, a. perverse,
gains a thing; (3) with dat., to perform, deformed; -leitr, a. (1) strange, hideous,
accomplish (hann aflaði brátt mikilli vin- disgusting (hversu afleitir oss sýnast
nu); with infin., to be able (ekki aflar þeirra hættir); (2) with dat., deserted by;
hann því at standa í móti yður). afleitr hamingjunni, luckless; -lendis,
afla-fár, a. short of strength; e-m verðr adv. abroad (= erlendis); -lendr, a. far
afla-fátt, one fails in strength. from land, in open sea; -letja (see let-
aflag, n. (1) slaughtering of cattle; (2) ja), v. to dissuade from (afletja e-n at gera
gen., aflags = afgangs, left over. e-t, afletja e-t fyrir sér); -létta (-tta,
af-laga, adv. unlawfully; -lagliga, -tt), v. to cease; cf. létta af; -léttr, a.
adv. = aflaga. prompt, ready.
afla-lítill, a. deficient in strength, afl-fátt, a. n. short of strength; e-m
weak; -maðr, m. powerful man; -mikill, verðr -fátt, one fails in strength.
a. (1) strong; (2) powerful; -munr, m. afl-gróf, f. forge-fit; -hella, f. hearth-
odds; etja við -muninn, to fight against stone in a forge.
odds. afli, m. (1) means, gain, earnings, pro-
aflan, f. gain, acquisition. ceeds (afli ok herfang); (2) might, power;
aflanar-maðr, m. good steward. hafa afla til einskis, to have means for
afla-skortr, m. short-coming in power nothing, be unable to do anything; (3)
or strength; -stund, f. fishing season. troops, forces; þeir draga afla at ýður, they

6
af-lima A af-roð
gather forces against you; aflinn (the main -neiting, f. abnegation, renunciation, de-
body) Magnúss, konungs flýði allr. nial; -neyzla, f. use (afneyzla skógarins);

A
af-lima (að), v. to dismember, mutilate; -nita (-tta, -tt), v. = -neita.
-lima, a. indecl. (1) dismembered, muti- afr, n. some kind of beverage.
lated; (2) fig., verða aflima, to lose the use afr, a. strong (a. í tvau áss brotnaði).
of one’s limbs, to become paralysed; verða af-ráð, n. payment; gjalda afráð, to pay
e-m aflima, to be parted from (ek kveð heavily, suffer severely.
aflima orðnar þérdísir); -liman, f. dis- af-reið, f. setting off on horseback.
membering, mutilation. af-reizla, f. outlay, payment.
afl-lauss, a. nerveless, weak, palsied, af-rek, n. great achievement, deed of
paralytic; -leysi, n. weakness, nerveless- prowess (vinna afrek; margir lofuðu mjök
ness; -lítill, a. weak, feeble; -mikill, a. afrek Egils).
strong, of great strength. af-reka (að), v. to achieve, perform
af-lofa, v. to prohibit; -loka (að), v. to (munu þér mikit afreka).
open (afloka hurðina). afreks-gripr, m. a thing of great val-
afl-raun, f. trial (proof) of strength ue; -maðr, m. a valiant man, hero;
(þótti þetta mikill -raun); pl. bodily exer- -verk, n. valiant deed, great achievement,
cises (Skallagrímr hendi mikit gaman at exploit.
-raunum ok leikum); -skortr, m. lack of af-remma, f. restriction, encumbrance.
strength; (skortr við þik fyrrum). afrendi, f. strength, valour; afrendr,
afls-maðr, m. strong man; -munr, m. a. strong (a. at afli); cf. afr-hendr.
difference in strength, odds. af-rétt, f. common pasture, = af-réttr.
afl-vani, a. deficient in strength; verða afréttar-dómr, m. a court held for de-
afl-vani, to succumb, be over-powered. ciding causes concerning common pasture;
afl-vóðvi, m. the biceps muscle. -menn, m. pl. partners in common pas-
af-lögliga, adv. unlawfully; -lögligr, ture.
a. unlawful, contrary to law; -má (see má), af-réttr, m. common pasture (þat er
v. to blot out, destroy; -mœðra (að), v. to afréttr, er tveir menn eigo saman eða
wean; -nám, n. (1) taking away, extirpa- fleiri).
tion, destruction; (2) at afnámi, by reser- afr-hendr, a. strong, = afrendr.
vation (before division of property, spoil, af-roð, n. = afhroð, afráð; -róg, n. jus-
or inheritance); (3) loss (ef hann verðr at tification, excuse; -ruðningr, m. clear-
skaða þeim mönnum, er oss mun þykkja ing of, defence; -runr (pl. -ir), m. injury,
afnám í); (4) surplus. wrong; -rœkja (-ta, -tr), v. to neglect, =
afnáms-fé, n., -gripr, m. goods, an úrœkja (afrœkja boð e-s); refl., afrœkjast
article of value, taken before a division; cf. e-u or e-t, to neglect; to leave off (konun-
afnám (2). gar afrœktust at sitja at Uppsölum); -sa-
af-nefjaðr, pp. having the nose cut off, ka (að), v. to excuse, exculpate; -sakan,
noseless; -neita (að or -tta, -tt), v. (1) f. excuse, exculpation; -sanna (að), v. to
to renounce (afneita veröldinni); (2) deny, prove to be false, refute; -segja (see seg-
refuse (eigi vil ek því afneita); -neitan, ja), v. (1) to resign, renounce (afsagði hann

7
afskipta-lauss A af-virða
sér heiminn); (2) to refuse, deny (þeir af- manikin, pigmy; -svar, n. refusal; veita
sögðu leiðangr úti at hafa); -setning, e-a afsvör, to refuse, deny; -svara (að),
f. deposition; -siða, a. indecl. immoral; v. to deny, refuse (afsvara e-u or um e-t);
-sifja (að), v. to alienate from one’s fam- -sveipa (að), v. to uncover (afsveipa lík-
ily (afsifja sér e-t); -síða, adv. aside, it); -sviptr, pp. deprived of; afsviptr þin-
apart; -skapligr, a. monstrous, huge, ni ásjónu, cut off from thy countenance;
shocking (afskapligt áfelli); -skeiðis, -sýnis, adv. out of sight; -sæll, a. unfor-
adv. out of the right path, astray, = tunate, luckless.
afleiðis, afvegis; -skipan, f. dismissal, af-tak, n. (1) taking away; (2) slaying,
deposition; -skipta, a. indecl. wronged, manslaughter; hvat hann vildi bjóða fyrir
cheated; vera görr afskipta, to be wronged. aftak Geirsteins, for the slaying of G.;
afskipta-lauss, a. having nothing to do -taka, f. (1) taking away, loss; (2) slaying,
with (gera sér -lauss -við e-n); -lítill, a. = aftak (hann hafði verit at aftöku
caring little about (um e-t); -samr, a. = Þorkels fóstra).
afskiptinn. aftaka-maðr, m. a determined person
af-skipti, n. pl. dealings (with), inter- (-maðr um e-t); -minni, a. compar. less
course (ok engi afskipti veita heiðnum stubborn, more pliable.
goðum); -skiptinn, a. meddlesome; af-tekja, f. revenue (ábúð ok aftekja
-skiptr, pp. (1) wronged, cheated; (2) af- staðanna); -tekning, f. taking away;
skiptr af e-u, void of, leaving no interest -tekt, f. (1) = aftekja; (2) = aftak 2; -tel-
in; -skrámligr, a. hideous, monstrous ja (see telja), v. to represent as unad-
(afskrámligt illvirki); -skræmiliga, adv. visable, dissuade (aftelja e-t fyrir e-m);
hideously; óttast afskræmiliga, to be -tigna (að), v. to strip of dignity or ho-
scared at; -skurðr, m. cutting, off; nour; -trúa, f. unbelief heresy; -trúa
-skyld, f. obligation, encumbrance; (að), v. to make one abandon his religious
-sliðra (að), v. to unsheath; -smekkr, faith; refl., aftrúast, to fall into unbelief;
m. taste; -snið, n. a bit cut off, snip; -tœkiligr, a. adviseable; -tœkr, a.
-sniðning, f. cutting or snipping off. blameworthy (at fáitt muni vera aftœkt
afsniðningar-járn, n. chopper. um skapsmuni yðra); -tœma (-da, -dr),
af-sniðis, adv. obliquely, aslant (afs- v. to empty; refl., aftœmast, to be emptied
niðis um handlegginn); -spraki, m. ru- or cleared of (e-u).
mour, news; -springi, n. (1) offspring, afusa, f. gratitude; see ‘aufusa’.
progeny; (2) produce, growth of the earth; af-valdr, a. vera afvaldr e-u or e-s, to
-springr, m. (1) = -springi; (2) band, de- be the cause of a thing; af-vega, adv. out
tachment; (3) fig. offshoot (er mikill ván, of the right way, astray; -vegaðr, pp. led
at þar verði nökkur afspringr af þessum astray, misled; -vegar, -vegis, adv. =
ófriði); (4) rumour, notice (fá nökkurn af- -vega; -velta, a. indecl. fallen on the back
spring um e-t); -spurn, f. news, informa- and unable to rise; -vensla, f. expenses,
tion; -standa (see standa), v. to cease, outlay; -vik, n. creek, recess; -vinna, f. =
part with; -stigr, m. bypath; -stúka, f. afvensla.
side-nook, side-room; -styrmi, n. af-virða (-rða, -rðr), v. (1) to dis-

8
afvirðiligr A akra-ávöxtr
grace, dishonour (afvirða náunga sinn); prep. í or á; Freyr ók í kerru með gelti;
afvirða fyrir e-m, to throw a slur on one; ríðr Þ. hesti þeim, er hann hafði ekit á;

A
(2) to detest, abhor (afvirða ódáðirnar); (4) absol., to drive in a vehicle (fóru þeir
refl., afvirðast, to think it unworthy of one- í sleðann ok óku alla nóttina); with acc.
self, with infin. of the road (óku úrgar brautir); (5) naut.,
afvirðiligr, a. detestable, mean. to trim the sail (a. seglum at endilöngum
af-virðing, f. disparagement, depreci- skipum); (6) to remove, with dat.; ók
ation; -vænn, a. unexpected, = úvænn; hann af sér fjötrinum, worked it off by
-vöxtr, m. decrease, loss, opp. to ‘ávöx- rubbing; ók Oddr sér þar at, worked him-
tr’. self thither (of a fettered prisoner); a. e-
af-þokka (að), v. to disparage, discred- m á bug or a. bug; á e-n, to make one give
it, to bring into discredit (afþokka fyrir way, repel; intrans. = akast, to move slow-
e-m); refl., afþokkast e-m, to displease; ly; hvárrgi ók (gave way) fyrir oðrum; a.
-þokkan, f. (1) disparagement; (2) dis- undan, to retire, retreat; (7) impers., hart
pleasure, dislike; -þvattr, m. washing ekr at e-m, one is in great straits; ekr nú
off, ablution; -þýða (-dda, -ddr), v. = mjók at, I am hard pressed; e-m verðr nær
afvirða, afþokka; -æta, f. a great bully. ekit, one gets into straits, is hard pressed;
aga, v. impers., nú agir við, now there is refl., e-m ekst e-t í tauma, one is thwarted
a great uproar. in a thing.
aga-lauss, a. (1) free from disturbances akarn, n. acorn.
(var nú allt kyrt ok agalaust); (2) undi- ak-braut, f. carriage-road; -fmri, n.
minished; -samligr, a. unruly; -samr, a. driving gear, carriage and harness.
turbulent; agasamt mun þá verða í her- akkeri, n. anchor; liggja um akkeri, to
aþinu, ef, there will be uproar in the dis- lie at anchor; leggjast um a., to cast an-
trict, if. chor; heimta upp a., to weigh anchor; a.
agi, m. (1) awe, terror (þá skelfr jörð óll í hrífr við, the anchor holds.
aga miklum); (2) uproar, turbulence (a. ok akkeris-fleinn, m. fluke of an anchor;
úfriðr); (3) discipline, constraint. -lauss, a. without anchor; -leggr, m.
agn, n. bait; ganga á agnit, to nibble the shank of an anchor; -lægi, n. anchorage;
bait; -sax, n. a knife for cutting bait; -ör, -sát, f. = -lægi; -stokkr, m. anchor-
f. barb of a fish hook. stock; -strengr, m. anchor-rope, cable;
aka (ek, ók, ókum, ekinn), v. (1) to -sæti, n. = -sát.
drive (a vehicle or animal drawing a vehi- akr (gen. akrs, pl. akrar), m. (1)
cle), with dat.: gott er heilum vagni heim field, corn-field (bleikir akrar en slegin
at a., it is good to get home safe and sound; tún); (2) crop (þeir hófðu niðrbrotit akra
a. þrennum eykjum, with three yoke of hans alla).
horses; (2) to carry or convey in a vehicle, akra-ávöxtr, m. produce of the fields;
to cart, with dat. or acc. (hann ók heyjum -gerði, n. enclosure of arable land;
sínum á yxnum; hann ók skarni á hóla); -merkil, n. field-boundary; -skipti, n.
a. saman hey, to cart hay; líkin váru ekin parcelling out of fields; -spillir, m. de-
í sleða, carried in a sledge; (3) with the stroyer of fields.

9
akr-dái A al-auðn
akr-dái, m. a kind of weed (galeopsis); beget; born ólu þau, they begat children;
-deili, n. patch of arable land; -for, f. börn þau, er hann elr við þeirri konu,
plough-forrow; -gerð, f. agriculture. begets by that woman; (2) to bear, give
akrgerðar-maðr, m. husbandman. birth to (þóra ól barn um sumarit); börn
akr-gerði, n. enclosure of arable land; þau óll, er alin eru fyrir jól, who are born
-hæna, f. quail; -karl, m. ploughman, before Christmas; alnir ok úalnir (=
reaper; -kál, n. potherbs; -kvísl, f. dung- úbornir), born and unborn, present and
fork, = mykikvísl; -land, n. arable land; future generations; (3) to bring up (chil-
-lengd, f. field’s length (svá at akrlengd dren); ala skal barn hvert er borit verðr,
var í millum þeirra); -lykkja, f. = -gerði; every child that is born shall be brought up;
-maðr, m. = -karl, akrgerðarmaðr. adding the particle ‘upp’ skal eigi upp al-
akrplógs-maðr, m. ploghman. la, heldr út bera arn þetta, this child shall
akr-rein, f. strip of arable land; -skip- not be brought up, but be exposed to perish;
ti, n. division of a field; -skurðr, m. of animals, to rear, breed (einn smásauð,
reaping. er hann ól heima í húsi sínu); (4) to give
akrskurðar-maðr, m. reaper. food to, harbour, entertain (a. gest ok gan-
akr-súra, f. field-sorrel; -tíund, f. ganda); guð elr gesti, God pays for the
tithe paid on arable land; -verð, n. price guests; (5) fig. in various phrases; a. aldr,
of a corn field; -verk, field-work, harvest- a. aldr sinn, to pass one’s days; a. sút to
work. grieve, mourn (= sýta); a. önn of e-t or at
akrverks-maðr, m. husbandman; e-u, to take care of, see to; a. e-t eptir e-
tiller of the ground. m, to give one encouragement in a thing (ól
akta (að), v. (1) to number, tax, value (a. hann eptir engum mönnum ódáðir); a. á
fólkit, a. vísaeyri konungs); (2) to exam- mál, to press or urge a matter (nú elr Gun-
ine, search into (aktið þér ok öll leyni þau, narr á málit við þórð ok segir).
er hann má felast); (3) to devote attention alaðs-festr, f. the last ounce (eyrir) of
to, to study (a. ýmisligar íþróttir, bókli- the sum ‘fjörbaugr’ to be paid by a convict
gar listir); (4) to procure (a. þá hluti er in the Court of Execution.
hinum sjúka henta); a. e-t inn, to furnish, al-auðn, f. total devastation; -auðr, a.
supply; (5) to debate, discuss in parliament altogether waste; -bata, a. indecl com-
(nú sem þetta var aktat, gengu menn til pletely cured, quite well; -berr, a. (1)
lögréttu). quite bare, stark-naked; (2) manifest;
ak-tamr, a. tame under the yoke -bitinn, pp. bitten all over; -bjartr, a.
(griðungr -tamr); -taumr, m. esp. in pl. quite bright, brilliant; -blindr, a. stone-
aktaumar, braces (straps) of a sail (cf. aka blind; -blóðugr, a. bloody all over;
segli); Þórarinn hafði -taumana um -breiðr, a. of the full breadth (albreitt
herðar sér, had the braces round his shoul- lérept); -brotinn, pp. quite broken, shat-
ders; sitja í -taumum, to manage the sail; tered; -brynjaðr, pp. cased in mail; -búa
fig., to have the whole management of a (see búa), v. to fit out, furnish or equip
thing. completely (albúa kirkju); -búinn, pp. (1)
ala (el, ól, ólum, alinn), v. (1) to completely equipped (ok er Björn var al-

10
ør-endi Ö, Ø ør-óf
(öreignarinnar eldr). -kymsl, n. maim = -kuml; -kynja, a. in-
ør-endi (from ‘ør’ and ‘önd’), n. (1) decl. degenerate; -kynjast (að), v. to de-
breath; e-n þrýtr -endit, one’s breath fails, generate (-kynjazt hefir þú ok afspringi
one loses breath; Þórr þreytir á drykkjuna, föður þíns með þér).
sem honum vannst til -endi, Thor drank ørlags-þráðr, m. thread of life.
hard while his breath lasted; (2) strophe, ör-látr, a. open-handed; -leikr, m.
stanza (of a poem); cf. ‘erendi, eyrendi, liberality, munificence.
eyrindi’; -endr, a. having breathed one’s ør-lendast, -lendis, -lendr, a., see
last, dead (hón hné í fang bónda sínum ‘erlendast’, &c.
ok var þá -end); cf. ‘eyrendr’. ör-liga, adv. largely, abundantly;
ör-falr, m. socket of an arrow-head. -ligr, a. abundant (-ligr ávöxtr); -lyndi,
ør-ferð, f. fate, doom; -firi, n., f. bountiful mind; -lyndr, a. (1) bountiful,
-fjara, f. an out-going, ebbing. liberal, free-handed; (2) impetuous, head-
örga (að), v. = örðga (ö. augunum). strong; -læti, n. liberality, charitableness.
ør-gáti, m. cheer, fare. ør-lygi, n. fight, war; -lög, n. pl. fate,
örglast (að), v. refl. to rise up (hann doom, fortunes (segja fyrir, sjá fyrir, -lög
örgiaðist þegar á fœtr). manna); þat er likast, at liðin sé min -lög,
ør-grynni, n. countless multitude, = that my life-time is at an end; ef nornir
úgrynni; -hilpr, a. helpless; -jarta, a. ráða -lögum manna, if the Norms rule over
indecl. out of heart, having lost heart; the fortunes of men.
-hóf, -hœfi, n. = -óf, -œfi. ørlög-lauss, a. futureless, with fortune
örk (gen. arkar and erkr, pl. arkir), still undecided; -símu, n. pl., -þættir,
f. (1) ark, chest (gengr Vigdís inn ok til m. pl. threads, strands of fate (snøru af
erkr þeirar, er Þ. átti); (2) coffin. afli -þáttu).
örku-fótr, m. the foot of a chest. ör-malr, m. arrow-case, quiver.
ørkn, n. a kind of seal. ör-málugr, a. hasty of speech.
ør-kola, a. indecl. burnt out; fig., verðr ør-mul, n. pl. remnants, traces (engi
-kola fyrir mörgum, many are at the end of -mul fundust af Háreki).
their resources; -kosta, f. good fare, pro- ör-mælir, m. quiver, = örva-mælir.
visions; -kostr, m. (1) resource, means; örn (gen. arnar, pl. ernir, acc. ör-
(2) abundance (-kostr hvera); -kuml, nu), m. eagle (gunni at heyja ok glaða ör-
-kumbl, n. lasting scar, bodily blemish, nu).
maiming, mutilation (lifa við -kuml); ørna, gen. pl.; see ‘erendi’.
-kumla (að), v. to maim, mutilate; -kum- ør-nafn, -nefni, n. local name (hann
laðr maðr, a maimed invalid. skyldi af hans nafni ørnefni gefa).
ørkumla-lauss, a. unmaimed, unblem- ör-oðr, a. hasty of speech, frank, out-
ished; sá maðr féll ok varð aldri -lauss spoken, = örmálugr.
meðan hann lifði, he was ever after a crip- ør-óf, n. immensity (-óf manna ok váp-
ple so long as he lived; -maðr, m. = na); -ófi vetra áðr væri jörð of sköpuð,
ørkumlaðr maðr. winters unnumbered ere earth was fash-
ør-kunnast (að), v. refl. to degenerate; ioned.

658
ørr Ö, Ø ør-vilnan
ørr, n. scar (hann hafði ø. í andliti). íss, -uggt fylgsni).
örr (acc. örvan), a. (1) swift, ready; örva (að), v. to incite.
neut., ört, fast; ísinn rak svá ört, at, the örva-drif, n., -drifa, f, shower of ar-
ice drifted so fast, that; (2) liberal, open- rows; -flug, n. flight of arrows; -malr,
handed (allra manna örvastr); neut., ört, -melr, -mælir, m. quiver.
fully, quite; eigi ört hálfr fjórði tugr man- örvar-boð, n. a message or summons by
na, not quite thirty-five men; (3) active, an arrow; -drag, n. = ördrag; -oðr, m.
energetic. arrow-point, arrow-head; -skapt, n. shaft
ørróttr, a. scarred, covered with scars of an arrow; -skot, n. = örskot; -skurðr,
(hendr ørróttar). m. despatching an arrow-message; -þing,
ør-sauði, a. sheepless, = sauðlauss; n. an assembly summoned by means of an
-sekr, a. ‘clear of guilt’, free; -skamma, arrow-message.
a. indecl. shameless, unblushing; -skemd, ør-vasi, a. decrepit, worn out (gamall
f. a great shame, disgrace; -skemmiliga, ok allnær -vasi at aldri); á -vasa aldri, in
adv. shamelessly, unblushingly. one’s old age.
ørskipta-maðr, m. an eccentric, over- ørvendr, a. left-handed (ø. maðr).
bearing person. ør-verpi, n. decrepitude (?).
ør-skipti, n. pl. eccentricity, strange af- ør-vilnan, f. despair, despondency;
fairs; segja frá nökkurs konar -skiptum, -vilnast (að), v. refl. to despair (-vilnast
to relate strange things. e-s); -viti, a. out of one’s senses, frantic,
ör-skot, n. arrow-shot, = -drag. mad; banvænn ok nær -viti, sinking fast
örskots-helgr, f. asylum or sanctuary and well-nigh senseless; -vinan, f. vine-
within arrow-shot; -lengd, f. range of an gar; -væna, f. anything beyond hope; mér
arrow. er Sveins á engri stundu -væna, I may ex-
ör-skreiðr, a. swift-gliding, of a ship pect S. at any time; -væni, n. ‘non-expec-
(skipin vóru örskreið). tation’; vissi engi hans náttstað, ok engi
ør-taka, a. indecl. losing one’s grasp; hans -væni, nobody knew when he might

Ö, Ø
verða -taka, to lose hold. not be expected, no one fell safe from him;
ørtog, f. an old Norse weight, = a third -vænliga, adv. feignedly; láta -vænliga,
part of an ounce (eyrir). to feign, make believe; -vænn, a. beyond
ør-ugga (að), v. to comfort; -ugga sik, expectation, past hope; fyrir hann var ein-
to cheer one’s heart, take heart. skis -vænt, anything might be expected
ørugg-leikr, m. (1) security, confi- from him; eigi er -vænt, at, it is not un-
dence; (2) fearlessness; -liga, adv. unfail- likely, it is to be looked for, that (eigi er
ingly, without fear, boldly. -vænt, at skjótt steypist hans riki); -væn-
ør-uggr, a. (1) out of danger, safe, se- ta (-nta, -nt), v. to despair, with gen.;
cure; (2) fearless, undaunted (-uggr í einskis ills -vænti ek fyrir yðr, there is
framgöngu); (3) resolved (þeir vóru -uggir no wicked thing that may not be expected
í því at firrast Nóreg sem mest); (4) from you; -vænta sér e-s, to despair of; re-
trusty, to be relied on (gefið eignir þeim, fl., -væntast e-s = -vænta sér e-s; -væn-
sem yör eru -uggir); of things, safe (-uggr tan, f. despair, hopelessness; -vætta, v. =

659
ørþrif-ráða Ö, Ø öxul-tré
-vænta (Danir ørvæntu sér sigrs). øx (gen. øxar, exar, dat. and acc. øxi,
ørþrif-ráða, a. indecl. destitute of ex- exi, pl. øxar, exar), f. axe (hann hafði í
pedients, at a loss what to do (Vagn verðr hendi øxi mikla).
eigi -ráða). øxa (að), v. to cut or shape with an axe
ørþrifs-ráði, a. = ørþrifráða. (ø. kirkjuvið).
ør-œfi, n. an open, harbourless coast- øxar-egg, f. edge of an axe; -hamarr,
land (fyrir hafnleysis sakir ok -œfis). m. back of an axe.
öskra (að), v. to roar, bellow. øxarhamars-högg, n. a blow with the
öskran, f. roaring, bellowing. back of an axe.
öskran-ligr, a. horrible, = öskur-ligr øxar-hyrna, f. the hooked point of an
(óp mikit ok -ligt). axe-blade; -skapt, n. handle of an axe;
ösku-, gen. from ‘aska’; -bakaðr, pp. -tálga, f. cutting with an axe (hvárki
baked in ashes; -dagr, m. Ash Wednes- hamarshögg né -tálga).
day; -dreifðr, pp. besprinkled with ash- øxa-tré, n. a beam on the house-wall for
es; -dyngja, f. heap of ashes; -fall, n. hanging up axes.
fall of ashes (from a volcano); -fölr, a. öxl (gen. axlar, pl. axlir), f. (1)
ash-pale, pale as ashes; -haugr, m. = shoulder-joint, shoulder (hendr blóðgar
-dyngja; -óðins-dagr, m. = -dagr. upp til axla); hann hafði øxi um öxl, he
öskur-liga, adv. horribly, hideously carried an axe over his shoulder; sat
(œpa -liga); -ligr, a. hideous, terrible Þorkell upp við ö., TH. sat half up, lean-
(belja -ligri röðu). ing on his arm; líta um ö., to look over
ösla (að) v. to wade or splash (hón öslar one’s shoulder; (2) fig. the shoulder of a
aptr til meginlands). mountain (en er þeir kömu inn fyrir öxli-
ösnu-ligr, a. like a she-ass; -ligr kvern- na); (3) axel = öxull.
steinn, the upper mill-stone (mola asinar- øxn, m. pl., see ‘oxi’.
ia). öxull, m. axle (himinn sýnist um þær
ösp (gen. aspar, pl. aspir), f. aspen- veltast sem hvel um öxul).
tree (einstœð sem ö. í holti). öxul-tré, n. axle-tree.
ötu-fœrr, a. able to fight, of a horse.

660