úráð-leitinn Ú ú-röskr

úráðhollr, a. self-willed (heimskr maðr úræst, n. filth, nastiness; úrmætligr,

ertu ok ú.); úráðinn, pp. (1) unsettled, a. filthy; úrœkiliga, adv. negligently;
wavering; (2) not haviq, made up one’s úrœkinn, a. negligent; úrœkja (-ta,
mind (E. kvaðst ú. til at bœta fé). -tr), v. to neglect; úrœkt, f. neglect, neg-
úráð-leitinn, a. seeking no expedi- ligence (ú. boðorða þinna).
ents; -liga, adv. unadvisedly; -ligr, a. úrœktar-þokki, m. dislike.
unadvisable, inexpedient; -vandr, a. dis- ú-röskr, a. slovenly; úsagðr, pp. un-
honest; -vendi, f. dishonesty, wickedness; said; úsakaðr, pp. unhurt (heill ok ú.);
-þægr, a. taking no advice, self-willed. úsakgæfr, a. inoffensive; úsaltr, a. un-
ú-refjusamr, a. untrickish; úrefsin- salted, fresh; úsambæriligr, a. discor-
gasamr, a. remiss in punishing; úreiðr, dant; úsamjafn, a. unequal; úsamr, a.
a. impassable on horseback; úreiðr, a. unwilling; úsamvirðiligr, a. incompara-
not wroth, calm. ble; úsamþykki, n. disagreement; úsan-
úreiðu-maðr, m. unruly man. na (að), v. to refute; úsannligr, a. (1)
ú-rengðr, úrendr, pp. undressed (?), improbable; (2) unjust, unfair; úsannr, a.
of flax and linen; úréttliga, adv. im- (1) untrue; (2) not guilty (ú. e-s or at e-u);
properly; úréttligr, a. unjust, lawless; úsannsær, a. unfair; úsaurgaðr, pp.
úréttr, a. unright, incorrect; undefiled; úsáinn, pp. unsown; úsárr,
úréttviss, a. unrighteous, unjust. a. (1) not sore, not smarting; (2) unwound-
úrig-hlýra, a. indecl. wet-cheeked, ed; úsátt, f. disagreement, displeasure;
weeping (poet.). at ú. e-s, without one’s consent; úsáttan,
úrigr (acc. úrgan), a. wet. n. = úsátt; úsáttfúss, a. uncompromis-
úrigr, a. ill-tempered, vicious. ing; úsáttr, a. disagreeing, unreconciled;
ú-ritinn, pp. unwritten; úrífliga, úseðjanligr, a. insatiable; úsekja, f. in
adv. unfavourably; úrífligr, a. (1) bad, the phrase, at usekju, with impunity;
unfavourable; (2) scanty; úrikborinn, úsekr, a. not guilty guiltless; úséligr,
pp. of low birth; úrikmannliga, adv. a. unsightly; úsendiligr, a. not fit to be
humbly; úrikr, a. unmigthy, humble; sent; úsénn, pp. unseen; úsetligr, a.
úrotinn, pp. unwritten; úró, f. unrest, improper, unseemly; úsettr, pp. unset-
restlessness, trouble. tled (svá at úsett sé málunum);
úróar-maðr, m. peace-disturber. úsiðblendr, a. unsociable; úsiðlátr, a.
ú-róast (að), v. refl. to become restless, unmannered, barbarous, rude; úsiðligr,
unruly; úrói, m. = úró; úróliga, adv. a. ill mannered; úsiðlæti, n. indecency,
restlessly; úrór, a. restless, uneasy (hes- bad manners; úsiðr, m. barbarity; pl. im- Ú
trinn gorist úrór). morality; úsiðsamligr, a. indecent;
úrr (gen. úrar), m. the ur-ox; urus. úsiðsemd, f. indecency; úsiðugr, a. ill-
úr-ræði, n., see ‘órræði’; -skurðr, mannered, wicked, barbarous; úsiðvan-
m., see ‘órskurðr’. dr, a. disorderly; úsiglandi, pr. p. not
úr-svalr, a. wet-cold, cold and dank; fit for sailing, of weather; úsigndr, pp.
-væta, f. drizzling rain, = úr. without making the sin of the cross; úsigr,
ú-rýrliga, adv. unscantily, largely; m. defeat; hafa, fá ú., to be defeated; úsi-

571
úskap Ú ú-skyti
granligr, a. invincible; úsigrsamr, a. ga, adv. unjustly; úskilsamliga, adv.
not victorious; úsigrsæll, a. not victori- unjustly; úskiptiligr, a. indivisible;
ous; úsigrvænligr, a. not promising vic- úskírborinn, pp. not born in wedlock;
tory; úsinniligr, a. not likely to help; úskírlífi, n. unclean life; úskírr, a. (1)
úsjaldan, adv. not seldom; úsjálfráða, unclean, impure; (2) indistinct (úskírt
a. beyond one’s own control; bezt at sér um mál); úskoraðr, pp. unchallenged, with-
þat allt, er henni var úsjálfrátt, best gifted out reservation; úskorinn, pp. uncut;
in everything that was not in her own pow- úskuggasamligr, a. unsuspicious;
er; úsjúkr, a. not ill, well; úskaddr, pp. úskuldvarr, a. incautious in incurring
unscathed. debts; úskundi, m. affront (gera e-m
úskap, n. (1) hostility, spleen, ill hu- úskunda); úskúaðr, pp. unshod;
mour; (2) pl., úskóp, evil fate (verða fyrir úskygn, a. dim-sighted; úskygnleiki,
úsköpum). m. dim-sightedness; úskyldr, a. (1) not
úskapa-verk, n. ill-fated work, deed related; (2) e-m er e-t úskylt, it is not one’s
done by evil fate. duty, does not concern one; úskyldugr,
úskap-bráðr, a. calm-minded, well a. undue.
tempered; -felldr, pp. disagreeable to úskyn-samliga, adv. unreasonably;
one’s mind, unpleasant; e-m er -fellt um e- -samligr, a. (1) irrational, foolish; (2) un-
t, one is displeased with; -felliliga, adv. intelligent; -samr, a. foolish; -semd, -se-
disagreeably; -gæfr, a. not gentle, moody; mi, f. unreason.
-léttr, a. not light minded; e-m er -létt, ú-skyti (gen. úskytja), m. bad marks-
one is in bad humour; -liga, adv. enor- man; úskýrr, a. (1) stupid; (2) indistinct;
mously; immoderately; -ligr, a. against úskærleikr, m. want of transparency;
nature’s order, monstrous, horrible; -líkr, úsleginn, pp. unmown; úsleitiliga,
a. unlike in temper; -stórr, a. not proud adv. unshrinkingly; drekka ú., to drink
tempered; -tíðr, a. not to one’s mind; without heeltaps; úslétta, f. unevenness;
-værr, a. restless of temper; -þekkr, a. úsléttr, a. uneven, unlevel; úslitinn,
unpleasant. pp. untorn, unbroken up; úsljór, a. not
ú-skeifligr, a. not awry; úskeini- blunt; úslóttigr, a. not wily; úslyngr,
samr, a. not hurtful; -hættr, a. not hurt- a. unskilled; úslæliga, adv. not slowly,
ful; úskelfdr, pp. unshaken, undaunted; sharply (höggva ú.); úslœgr, a. not sly,
úskelfr, a. untrembling; úskerðr, pp. not cunning; úsløkkviligr, a. inextin-
undiminished, whole, entire; úskil, n. pl. guishable; úsmár, a. not small, great; e-m
unfair dealings, improper treatment (gera felir e-t úsmátt, a thing has no difficulties
e-m ú.). to one; úsnilld, f. (1) folly; (2) lack of elo-
úskila-máðr, m. an unreadyman. quence; úsnjallr, a. unskilled, unwise;
úskil-fenginn, pp. illegitimate (móðir úsnjósamr, a. void of snow (vetr góðr ok
-fengin); -getinn, pp. not born in wed- ú.); úsnotr, a. unwise; úsnötrmannli-
lock. gr, a. dull, faint; úsoltinn, pp. not hun-
ú-skiljanligr, a. unintelligible; ú- gry; úsómi, m. dishonour, disgrace;
skilrikiliga, adv. unfairly; úskilsli- úsóttnæmr, a. not apt to be taken ill;

572
úspektar-ferð Ú útan
úspakliga, adv. tumultuously; úspakli- a. wretched; úsælligr, a. joyless, ill-
gr, a. (1) unwise, foolish; (2) unruly, tur- favoured; úsætiligr, a. intolerable;
bulent; úspakr, a. (1) unwise; (2) restless, úsætt, f., úsætti, n. = úsátt; úsœkili-
unruly; úsparliga, adv. unsparingly; ús- gr, a. impregnable; úsœma (-da, -dr), v.
parr, a. unsparing; úspáligr, a. un- to dishonour; úsœmd, f. (1) disgrace, dis-
prophetic; úspeki, úspekt, f. turbulence, honour; (2) impropriety.
uproar. úsœmdar-hlutr, m. contumely; -orð,
úspektar-ferð, f. raid; -maðr, m. un- n. unseemly language.
ruly person, peace-disturber. ú-sœmiliga, adv. dishonourably, unbe-
ú-spilliligr, a. inviolable; úspilltr, comingly; úsœmiligr, a. (1) unseemly;
pp. inviolate; unspoiled; taka til úspilltra (2) unworthy of (ú. e-s); úsœmr, a. unbe-
mála, to fight out in real earnest; úspu- coming, unseemly; úsœra (-ða, -ðr), v.
rall, a. not inquisitive; ústaðfastr, a. to break (ú. sinn eið); úsœrr, a. not to be
unsteadfast; ústaðfesta, f. unsteadfast- taken, of an oath; úsöngvinn, a. unwill-
ness; ústarfsamr, a. remiss in work, ing to chant prayers.
idle; ústefliga, adv. disorderly; út, adv. (1) out, towards the outer side,
ústerkr, a. not strong, weak; ústill- opp. to ‘inn’ (út ok inn með hverjum fir-
ing, f. vehemence; ústilltr, pp. intem- di); kalla menn út, out of doors; út ór,
perate; ústund, f. disregard (leggja ú. á out of, out from; út munninn, out of the
e-t); ústyrkjast (t), v. refl. to grow in- mouth; (2) of time, út jól, all through Yule;
firm; ústyrkleikr, m. infirmity; (3) láta út, to stand out to sea; esp. of go-
ústyrkr, m. weakness; ústyrkr, a. ing out to Iceland from Norway, opp. to
weak, feeble; ústyrkt, f. infirmity; ‘útan’ (far þú til Íslands út); koma út hin-
ústýrilátr, a. ungovernable; ústöðu- gat, or simply, koma út, to come to Ice-
gr, a. unsteady, unsettled; ústöðuligr, land; also of other far countries (fara út
a. unstable; úsundrskilligr, a. insepa- til Jórsala); (4) with verbs; brenna út, to
rable; úsúrr, a. not sour; úsváss, a. un- burn out; bjóða út liði, to levy troops.
mild (úsvást veðr); úsvefnsamr, a. not ú-tal, n. countless number; útalh-
sleepy; e-m verðr -samt, one cannot sleep; lýðinn, a. not heeding advice, hard to
úsvefnugr, a. not sleepy; úsvífinn, a. persuade; útaliðr (útaldr, útalinn),
coarse, impudent, overbearing; úsvífr, a. pp. untold, uncounted; útalligr, a. innu-
coarse, impudent, overbearing; úsvifrun- merable, countless; útamdr, pp. untamed
gr, m. enemy; úsvinnr, a. unwise; (hross útamit).
úsvipligr, a. ill-looking; úsvipt, a. n., útan, adv. (1) from without, from out- Ú
see ‘ósvipt’; úsyknligr, a. ugly, dismal; side; (2) from abroad, from Iceland; fara
úsyndr, a. not able to swim; úsynju, adv. ú., to go abroad, from Iceland (spurði
without foresight, unwisely; úsýnliga, Þórarinn Glúm, hvárt hann ætlaði ú.,
adv. invisibly; úsýniligr, a. (1) invisible; sem hann var vanr); meðan hann væri ú.,
(2) unlikely; (3) unsightly, ugly; úsýnn, whilst he was abroad; (3) without motion,
a. uncertain (úsýnar hefndir); úsæbrat- outside; bæði ú. ok innan, both outside
tr, a. not steep towards the sea; úsæll, and inside; (4) conj. except, but (var fólk

573
útan-borðs Ú útgöngu-leyfi
allt í svefni ú. móðir hans); (5) as prep. burst; -brotning, f. outbreak; -burðr,
with acc., without (ú. frænda ráð); with m. (1) a beating out; (2) exposure (of an in-
gen. (ú. sætta); (6) fyrir ú., outside, be- fant); an exposed child; -búinn, pp. fitted
yond, with acc. (fyrir ú. Þjórsá). out; -byrðis, adv. overboard; -dalr, m.
útan-borðs, adv. overboard (steypast a valley near the coast, opp. to ‘fjalldalr’;
-borðs); -borgar, adv. without the town; -dyrr, f. pl. = útidyrr.
-brautar, adv. out of the way; -eygðr, ú-teitr, a. not gladsome; útekinn, pp.
a. = úteygr; -ferð, f. a journey abroad; not taken, unleased; útelgdr, pp. uncar-
-fjarðar, adv. outside the firth; ved; úteljanligr, a. innumerable (þar
-fjórðungs, adv. outside the quarter; verða -lig tákn).
-fótar, adv. on the outside of the foot út-ey, f. out-lying island; -eygðr, a.
(leg); -för, f. = útanferð; -garða, adv. gogyle-eyed; -eygr, a. gogyle-eyed;
outside the yard (house); -garðs, adv. out- -fall, n. ebbing, ebb, reflux of the tide.
side the fence; -gátta, adv. out of door; útfarar-, gen. from ‘útför’; -drápa, f.
-heraðs, adv. outside the district; a poem on a voyage to Palestine; -leyfi,
-hrepps, adv. out. side the poor district; n. the king’s leave to return to Iceland from
-lands, adv. abroad (þú mant -lands dey- Norway; -saga, f. a story of a voyage to
ja). Palestine; -skip, n. a ship for a voyage to
útanlands-maðr, m. foreigner; Palestine.
-siðir, m. pl. outlandish, foreign manners út-ferð, f. (1) a journey to a remote,
(eigi kanntu -siðu manna). outlying place; (2) journey to Iceland.
útan-lendis, adv. = -lands; -lærs, útferðar-leyfi, n. = útfararleyfi;
adv. outside the thigh; -sóknar, adv. out- -saga, f. = útfarar-saga.
side the parish; -stefning, f. a summons út-firðir, m. pl. the outer fjords; -firi,
abroad; -vertr, a. outward, outside, out- n. ebbing; -fœri, n. exfiedient; -fœttr,
erpart of. a. splay-footed, = útskeifr; -för, f. (1) =
útar, adv. compar. farther out, farther útferð; (2) burial (var hennar -för gör
off (vóru þeir komnir svá langt út, at hætt sœmilig eptir fornum sið); -ganga, f. (1)
var at sitja ú.); Hrútr sat ú. frá Höskuldi, a going out (from a house); (2) passage;
H. sat nearer the door than H. (3) payment, discharge; -gangr, m. (1) a
út-arfi, m. collateral heir. going out; (2) passage; -garðar, m. pl.
útar-la, adv. far out; -liga, adv. far the outer building; fœra e-n við -garða, to
out; sitja, -liga, to sit near the entrance; throw one to the wall; fœra e-n um -garða,
-meirr, adv. compar. farther out. to cast one out; -gjald, n. (1) payment,
útarst, adv. compar. farthest out. discharge; (2) outlay, fine; -greizla, f.
út-beit, f. grazing (góð-beit); -boð, n. discharge; -grunn, n. = út-grynni;
levy, conscription, of ships and men (jarl -grunnr, a. shoaling gradually from the
hafði útboð mikit). shore; -grynni, n. shallowness stretching
útboða-bréf, n. writ of conscription. out from the shore (sakir straums ok út-
út-borði, m. the outboard, seaward grynnis).
side; -borg, f. outworks; -brjótr, m. out- útgöngu-leyfi, n. leave to go out.

574
út-görð Ú út-jörð
út-görð, f. outfitting, of a war expedi- man.
tion; -haf, n. the out-sea, ocean; -hálfa, ú-tilheyriligr, a. improper; útili,
f. outskirts; -heimta, f. craving for pay- m. mischance; útillátsamr, a. un-yield-
ment; -helling, f. outpouring, shedding ing; útilleitinn, a. inoffensive;
(-helling blóðs); -hey, n. hay of the unma- útiltœkiligr, a. inexpedient.
nured outfields; -hlaða, f. outlying barn; ú-tíðr, a. rare, infrequent.
-hlaup, n. raid, sally, excursion. útíma-dagr, m. day of misfortune, evil
úthlaups-maðr, m. raider, pirate; day (þetta er -dagr).
-skip, n. pirate ship. ú-tími, m. evil time, misfortune, afflic-
út-horn, n. out-skirt, out-corner; tion (útímar ok úgæfur); útír-ligr, a.
-hverfr, a. turned inside out; -hýsa unsightly, wretched.
(-ta, -t), v. to deny shelter to a stranger, úti-róðr, m. = útróðr; -seta, f. a sit-
with dat.; -hýsi, n. outlying house; ting out in the open air, esp. of wizards
-höfn, f. carrying out to Iceland. for the practice of sorcery.
úti, adv. (1) out, out-of-doors (ú. ok in- útisetu-maðr, m. wizard (sitting out
ni); liggja ú., to lie in the open air, house- at night).
less; byrgja ú., to shut out; verða ú., to úti-skemma, f. an outlying, detached
be lost, perish, in a snowstorm or in a house; -vist, f. a being out at sea; hafa
desert; (2) out at sea; þeir vóru ú. þrjár -vist langa, a long voyage.
vikur, they were out three weeks; drekka út-jörð, outlying estate; -kastali, m.
júl ú., to hold Yule out at sea; hafa her ú., = -borg; -kirkja, f. outlying church; -ko-
to have a fleet out; (3) at an end, over (nú ma, f. (1) coming out; (2) arrival in Ice-
er ú. sá tími). land; -kváma, f. (1) coming out; (2) arrival
úti-búr, n. out-house, store-house. in Iceland; -kvæmt, a. n., eiga -kvæmt,
útidyra-umbúningr, m. fittings of the to be permitted to return to Iceland; -laga,
outer-door. a. indecl. outlawed, banished; -laga (að),
úti-dyrr, f. pl. outer door; -fé, n. cattle v. to deprive one of his possessions (-laga
that graze outside in the winter; -fugl, en af sínu gózi); refl., -lagast, to be fined;
m. wild-fowl, opp. to ‘alifugl’; -gangr, -lagðr, pp. outlawed, banished; -lagr,
m. grazing out in the winter. m. outlaw; -lagr, a. (1) outlawed, ban-
útigangs-jörð, f., góð -jörð, land with ished; (2) having, to pay a fine, fined, with
good winter-grazing. the fine in dat. (verða -lagr um e-t, þrem
ú-tiginn, a. having no title; útiginn mörkum); (3) forfeited (þá eru búðirnar
maðr, commoner. -lagar við þann, er landit á); -lausn, f. Ú
úti-hurð, f. outer door; -hús, n. out- (1) redemption, from captivity; (2) ransom
house; -kamarr, m. an outside privy; (bjóda Helju -lausn, ef hón vill láta fara
-klukka, f. outside bell; -lega, f. ‘out- Baldr heim í Asgarð); (3) dismissal of
lying’, of robbers or highwaymen; piracy guests (vóru ok gjafir stórar at -lausnum);
(Eiríkr blóðøx var í -legu ok í hernaði). -lát, n. (1) putting out to sea (þar var
útilegu-maðr, m. highwayman, pirate; Englandsfar albúit til -láts); (2) pl. out-
-víkingr, m. pirate; -þjófr, m. highway- lays; -legð, f. (1) banishment, exile (reka

575
útlegðar-maðr Ú ú-tæpiliga
e-n í -legð); (2) fine (þriggja marka -legð). to fish, deep-sea fisherman.
útlegðar-maðr, m. exile; -sök, f. fix- ú-trú, f. unbelief, faithlessness;
able case; -tími, m. time of exile. útrúaðr, pp. unbelieving; útrúanli-
út-leggjast, v. refl. to be fined; -leið, gr, a. incredible; útrúfastr, a. unbe-
f. the outer course, at sea = hafleið; -leiði, lieving; útrúleikr, m. (1) faithlessness;
n. = út-leið; -leiðis, adv. on the outer (2) unbelief; útrúliga, adv. (1) unfaith-
course (snua -leiðis); -leizla, f. (1) ‘lead- fully; (2) incredibly; útrúligr, a. (1) in-
ing out’ of guests, taking leave of them credible; (2) suspicious, not to be depended
after an entertainment (veizlan var hin on; útrúnaðr, m. faithlessness; útrúr,
vegsamligsta ok -leizlan hin sköruligsta); a. (1) faithless; (2) unbelieving; útrygð,
(2) burial (jarlinn andaðist ok var gör f. faithlessness, falseness; útryggligr, a.
virðulig -leizla hans); -lenda, f. outlying not to be trusted; útryggr, a. faithless,
estate, opp. to ‘heimaland’; -lendast, v. not to be trusted.
(1) to travel abroad; (2) settle abroad; út-rœði, n. = -róðr; -seldr, pp. lost
-lendingr (-s, -ar), m. foreigner; (öllum þótti konungr -seldr, ef hann fœri
-lendis, adv. abroad. við annan mann); -sending, f. sending
útlendis-maðr, m. foreigner. out; -sigling, f. sailing out to Iceland;
út-lendr, a. outlandish, foreign; -sjár, -sjór, m. the ocean; -skagi, m. =
-lenzka, f. foreign idiom; -lenzkr, a. = -nes; -skeifr, a. splay-footed; -sker, n.
-lendr (þarlenzkr ok útlenzkr). ‘out-skerry’, distant skerry; -skýra (-ða,
útlima-smár, -stórr, a. having small, -ðr), v. to explain; -skýring, f. expla-
large, hands and feet. nation, interpretation; -sog, n. the back-
út-lægja (-ða, -ðr), v. to banish; -læ- ward flow of the surf; -sótt, f. dysentery;
gr, a. banished, outlawed; -lönd, n. pl. -stafr, m. outward post; -strönd, f.
(1) outlying fields; (2) foreign countries outlying strand; -suðr, n. the southwest,
(sem títt var í -löndum); (3) outlying opp. to ‘landsuðr’; -sunnan, adv. from
provinces (þá bygðust -lönd, Færeyjar ok the south-west.
Ísland); -messa, f. afternoon service; útsunnan-veðr, n. = útsynningr.
-mokstr, m. shovelling out, digging; út-synningr, m. south-westerly gale;
-nes, n. outlying ness; -norðr, n. north- -valning, f. election; -vega (að), v. to
west; -nyrðingr, m. northwest wind; procure; -vegr, m. (1) a way out; (2) ex-
-rás, n. (1) sally, sortie (gera -rásir á hen- piedient, means of escape (øngan -veg á
dr e-m); (2) outlet, outflow. hón nema renna undan); (3) state of af-
ú-trauðr, a. not reluctant, willing; fairs (segir hann konungi allan -veg þann,
neut., útrautt, as adv. quite; útraustr, sem var á); -ver, n. outlying fishing sta-
a. untrusty, insincere, weak; útregr, a. tion; -vinna, f. service at sea; -vígi, n.
unreluctant, willing. out-work; -vik, f. outlying creek; -vörðr,
út-reið, f. riding out, expedition; m. out-post; -þýðing, f. commentary, in-
-róðr, m. rowing out to fish (hann lét terpretation.
þaðan sœkja -róðra). ú-tæpiliga, adv. (1) unsparingly; (2)
útróðirar-maðr, m. one who rows out fully; kenna ú., to feel it unmistakably,

576
úvand-blœtr Ú ú-virda
smart sorely; útæpr, a. not scant, ample; úverðugr, a. unworthy, undeserving of
útöluligr, a. countless; úumrœðiligr, (ú. e-s); úverk, n. wicked deed;
a. unspeakable; úumskiptiligr, a. un- úverkan, f., úverknaðr, m. = úverk;
changeable; únaðsamr, a. discontented; úvesall, a. not wretched; úviðbúinn,
úút-skýranligr, a. inexpressible; pp. unprepared; úviðrkvæmiligr, a. un-
úvaldr, a. innocent; ú. e-s, not guilty of; becoming; úviðrskiljanliga, adv. in-
úvaltr, a. not shaky; úvandaðr, pp. separably; úvili, m., at úvilja e-s, against
common, vile. one’s good-will; úviljaðr, a., úviljandi,
úvand-blœtr, a. easily satisfied; pr. p. unwilling, unintentional; úviljugr,
-fenginu, a. not hard to get; -görr, a. a. unwilling, with infin. (ú. vín at drek-
requiring little pains. ka); úvilltr, pp. free from heresy, ortho-
ú-vandi, m. evil habit. dox.
úvand-launaðir, pp. easy to repay; úvina-fagnaðr, m. (1) joy to one’s foes
-leikinn, pp. easy to deal with (sýnist (gerðu eigi þann -fagnað, at þú rjúfir sætt
mér nú -leikit við hann); -liga, adv. (1) þína); (2) welcoming one’s foes (vér köl-
carelessly; (2) not quite (féll þar -liga út lum slíka vist -fagnað).
sjórinn). ú-vinátta, f. enmity, unfriendliness;
ú-vandr, a. not difficult, plain; ú. at e- úvindligr, a. not windy; úvinfengi, n.,
u, not particular about a thing; hversu úvingan, f. unfriendliness, bad feeling;
úvant hann lét gera við sik, how little pre- úvingast (að), v. refl. to show enmity to-
tensions he made; úvani, m. (1) want of wards a person (ek vilda í fyrstu úvingast
practice; (2) bad habit; úvarandi, pr. p. við þik).
unaware; úvarliga, adv. unwarily; úvin-gjarnliga, adv. in an unfriendly
úvarligr, a. unwary, imprudent; úvar- manner; -gjarnligr, a. unfriendly, hos-
mæltr, pp. unwary in speech; úvarr, a. tile; -liga, adv. = úvingjarnliga; -ligr, a.
(1) unaware; koma at e-m úvörum, kom = úvingjarnligr.
e-m á úvart, to come unawares upon one, ú-vinnanligr, a. invincible.
take one by surprise; (2) unwary; ú-vinr, a. foe, enemy.
úvarugð, f. unwariness; úvaskr, a. cow- úvin-sæla (-da), v., -sæla sik, to make
ardly; úveðr, n. bad weather, storm; oneself disliked; refl., -sælast = -sæla sik;
úveðran, úveðrátta, f. = úveðr; -sæld, f. unpopularity, disfavour; -sæll,
úvegligr, a. undistinguished, unho- a. unpopular, disliked; -veittr, a. (1) hos-
noured; úvegr, m. shame, dishonour; tile, of persons; (2) unpleasant, disagree-
úveitull, a. unspending, close; able, of things. Ú
úvendiliga, adv. carelessly, wretchedly, ú-virda (-rða, -rðr), v. to disregard,
badly; úvendiligr, a. wretched, mean. slight; úvirðanligr, a. inestimable,
úvendis-maðr, m. discreditable person huge; úvirðiligr, a. contemptible, scorn-
(at gefa slíkum -manni mat). ful; úvirðing, f. disgrace; gera ú. til e-
ú-venja, f. bad habit; úverðr, a. (1) s, to scorn; úvirðuligr, a. = úvirðiligr;
unworthy, undeserving; (2) guiltless (láta úvirðr, pp. unvalued (ú. eyrir); úvirkr,
úverða menn gjalda reiði sinnar); a. out of work, idle; úvistligr, a. unfit for

577
úvísa-vargr Ú ú-þessligr
habitation; úvit, n. insensibility, swoon; (1) = úvænligr (úvænt ráð); (2) not to be
falla í ú., to faint fall into a swoon; honum expected, not likely (þykkir mér úvænna,
helt við ú., he was near fainting away; at hann komi skjótt á minn fund); ú. til
úvita, a. indecl. senseless, insane; úvi- e-s, unlikely to a thing; e-t horfir úvænt,
tand, f. ignorance; úvitandi, pr. p. ig- it looks hopeless; úværast, v. refl. to be-
norant of (ú. e-s); at e-m úvitanda, with- come restless; úværð, úværi, f. uneasi-
out one’s knowledge; þú gerðir þat ú., un- ness, itch; úværr, a. restless, uneasy;
intentionally; úviti, m. idiot; úvitr, a. úvært er mér, I feel uneasy; gera e-m
unwise, foolish; úvitra, f. foolishness; úvært, to make uneasy, harass; úvættr,
úvitrleikr, m. foolishness; úvitrligr, f. (and m.) evil spirit, monster; úyfir-
a. foolish; úvitsarnligr, a. foolish; úvi- fœriligr, a. impassable; úyfirstigli-
tugr, a. ignorant of (ú. e-s); úvizka, f. gr, a. insurmountable; úyfirstiganli-
want of foresight, foolishness; úvizkr, a. gr, a. insurmountable; úyndi, n. feeling
foolish, silly; úvíða, adv. in but few of restlessness, irksomeness, discontent
places; úvíðr, a. narrow in circumference; (sumir segja, að hón hafi tortímt sér af
úvígðr, pp. unconsecrated; úvígliga, úyndi).
adv. in a state unfit for war; úvígligr, a. úyndis-órræði, n. an extreme mea-
unmartial; úvígr, a. (1) unable to fight, sure, dire expedient.
disabled; (2) ú. herr, an overwhelming, ir- ú-þakklátr, a. ungrateful;
resistible host; úvíkianligr, a. unyield- úþakklæti, n. ingratitude;
ing; úvísa, f. doutbful bearing, hostility úþakknæmr, a. unthankful; úþarfi, a.
(sýna sik í úvísu við e-n); úvísast (að), needless, wanton; úþarfliga, adv. harm-
v. refl. to show hostility against (ú. mót fully, mischievously; úþarfr, a. (1) un-
kirkju guðs). suitable, useless (ú. e-m); (2) doing harm
úvísa-vargr, m. a sudden, unforeseen to one (ú. e-m); tíðindi mikil ok úþórf,
misfortune (var þat þeim hinn mesti -var- very bad news; úþefjan, f. stench, foul
gr). smell; úþefr, m. stench, foul smell;
ú-vísligr, a. unwise, foolish; úvíss, a. úþekkiligr, a. repulsive, disagreeable;
(1) unwise, foolish; (2) ignorant of (ú. e-s); úþekkr, a. disagreeable (flestum mön-
(3) unknown (úvísir eru mönnum hættir num ú.); úþekt, f. (1) dislike (leggja ú. til
hans); (4) uncertain, doubtful; úvægi, f. e-s); (2) a disgusting thing, offensive smell
overbearing temper; úvægiliga, adv. un- or taste.
mercifully, violently; úvægiligr, a. not úþektar-för, f. hateful journey; -ligr,
to be weighed; úvæginn, a. unyielding, a. offensive, disgusting; -svipr, m. slight,
headstrong; úvægr, a. unmerciful offence (sýna e-m -svip).
(grimmr ok ú.); úvænkast (að), v. to úþerri-samr, a. wet (sumar -samt).
grow less hopeful, of one’s chance; úvæn- ú-þessligr, a. not like that; úþing-
liga, adv. with small chance of success, fœrr, a. unable to go to the þing;
unpromisingly, badly; horfa ú., to look úþinsliga, adv. in a manner unworthy of
hopeless; úvænligr, a. unpromising, thee; úþjóð, f. evil people, rabble;
leaving little hope of success; úvænn, a. úþjófligr, a. not likely to be a thief;

578
úþokka-dæl Ú úþveri
úþokka (að), v. to disparage; refl., inexhaustible; úþróttligr, a. feeble;
úþokkast, to grow angry, annoyed, or dis- úþrælsligr, a. not like a thrall;
contented (with, or at a person or thing); úþurft, f. scathe, harm (gera e-m e-t til
úþokkaðr, pp. disliked, abhorred; mér úþurftar).
er úþokkat til þeira, I loathe them. úþurftar-maðr, m. ill-doer, offender.
úþokka-dæl, f. filthy hollow; -fert, f. úþvera-samr, a. scabbed.
hostile journey; -gripr, m. nasty thing; úþveri, m. scab, skin disease; úþykkja,
-liga, adv. discontentedly; -ligr, a. dirty, f. = úþykt; úþykkr, a. not thick; úþykt,
nasty; -svipr, m. frowning mien, cross f. discord, ill-will; úþyrmiliga, adv.
countenance; -sæll, a. unpopular, dis- roughly, harshly; úþyrmiligr, a. harsh,
liked; -vísa, f. obscene ditty. unmerciful; úþyrmir, m. merciless being;
ú-þokki, m. dislike, disfavour, displea- úþyrstr, a. not thirsty; úþýðligr, a. un-
sure (fá úþokka e-s, af e-m); úþol, n. friendly, rough; úþýðr, a. unfriendly,
impatience; úþolandi, pr. p. intolerable; rough; úþægð, f. dislike; úþægiligr, a.
úþolanligr, a. intolerable; úþoli, m. disagreeable; úþægja (-ða, -t), v. to trou-
restlessness; úþolinmóðr, a. impatient; ble, vex (ú. e-m); úþægr, a. unacceptable;
úþolinmœði, f. impatience; úþolinn, a. úþökk, f. displeasure, reproach; kunna e-
unenduring; úþolligr, a. unbearable; m ú. fyrir e-t, to be displeased with one on
úþoran, n. faint-hearledness; account of something; úæti, n. uneatable
úþorstlátr, a. not causing thirst; thing; úætr, a. uneatable, unfit to be eat-
úþrifinn, a. unthrifty, sluggish; en; úœðr, a. impassible to wade (vatnföll
úþrifhatr, m. slothfulness, slugishness; úœð); úœðri, a. compar. lower in rank;
úþrjótanligr, a. never ceasing; úþr- úœll, a. not to be fed; úœrr, a. not mad;
józkr, a. not refractory; úþrotinn, pp. úöld, f. bad season, hard times, famine;
never tiring; úþrotligr, a. never failing; úört, adv. hesitatingly, slowly (mæla ú.).

579
vað vaka

V
akrinn).
vað-steinn, m. a stone (serving as a
lead) on a fishing-line.
vaf, n. wrapping; verða lítill í vafi, to be
small, insignificant.
vafi, m. doubt, uncertainty.
vafin-skepta, f. an axe with an iron-
bound handle.
vað, n. wading place, ford (þar var þá v. vafka (að), v. = vafra.
á ánni, er nú er ekki). vafla (að), v. = vafra.
vaða (veð; óð, óðum, and vóð, vaflanar-för, f. vagrancy.
vóðum; vaðinn), v. (1) to wade through vafningr, m. entanglement (þótti öl-
water, snow, smoke, fire (v. ár, mjöll, reyk, lum horfa til inna mestu vafninga).
eld); absol. to wade through water; Þórr vafra (að), v. to hover about, roam.
óð til lands, Th. waded ashore; (2) to rush vafr-leysa, f. nonsense; -logi, m.
(Kolskeggr óð at honum); v. at vígi, to flickering flame.
rush into fight; v. fram, to rush forth, in vaf-spjörr, f. a strip of cloth wound
battle; hann lætr v. stein til eins þeira, round the leg instead of stockings.
he lets fly a stone at one of them; hón vaga (að), v. to wag, waddle.
lét skíran málm v., threw gold broadcast; vagar, f. pl. sledge; cf. ‘vögur’.
(3) v. uppi, to appear above water (óðu li- vagga, f. cradle (barn í vöggu).
marnar uppi, en rœtrnar í sjónum); fig. vagl, m. beam, esp. an upper cross-
to be overbearing (þenna tíma óð herra A. beam; -eygr, a. wall-eyed.
mjók uppi). vagn, m. (1) vehicle, sledge, wagon, car-
vað-bjúgr, a. falling slack like a fishing- riage; (2) Charles’s Wain.
line; fara -bjúgr fyrir e-m, to give in; vagna, f. dolphin or porpoise, = vögn
-horn, n. a horn fastened to the gunwale (sáu þeir vögnu eina).
of a boat over which to draw the fishing vagna-borg, f. rampart of chariots;
line. -braut, f. carriage road; -hvel, n. wag-
vaðill (pl. vaðlar), m. (1) wading (við on-wheel; -líð, n. host of chariots; -meis-
vás ok vaðla spiltist mjök meinit); (2) tari, m. master of chariots.
shallow water, esp. places where fiords or vagn-hestr, m. chariot-horse; -hlass,
straits can be passed on horseback (var n. wqgon-load; -karl, m. wagoner;
flœðr sævar ok ekki reitt yfir vaðla). -sleði, m. sledge-wain; -slóð, f. wagon-
vaðil-sund, n. shallow sound. track.
vaðinn, pp. gone, done with, destitute; vaka (vaki, vakta, vakat), v. (1) to be
vaðin at vilja, joy-bereft. awake, to keep awake (hann hefir vakat í
vað-mál, n. a plain woolen stuff, wad- alla nótt); v. yfir e-u, to watch during the
mal (sex alnir vaðmáls). night (v. yfir fé sínu); (2) to awake, = vak-
vaðr (pl. -ir), m. (1) fishing-line; (2) a na (hann bað hann v. skjott).
line for measuring (draga vað yfir þveran vaka (gen. pl. vakna), f. (1) waking hal-

580
vakka V vallar-sýn
da vöku sinni, to keep oneself awake; (2) ústerkr, at ek má eigi v. sverðinu, that I
vigil (fara til hins heilaga Ólafs til vöku); cannot wield the sword; (2) to rule over; en
(3) eve of saint’s day. þar Heimdall kveða v. véum, there they
vakka (að), v. to stray, hover about, = say H. rules over the fane; (3) to cause, be
vafka (þeir látu v. við skipin). the cause of, with dat. or absol. (eigi vissu
vakna (að), v. to awake, wake up (er menn, hvat því olli); þessu mun Svanr v.,
hann vaknaði, þá rann dagr upp); menn this must be Swan’s doing.
vöknuðu við, er hann gekk út, men woke valdandi, valdari, m. wielder, ruler
up just as he went out; v. við e-t, to rec- (sigrs valdari).
ognize, recollect (þá vaknaði konungr við vald-borg, f. stronghold.
ætt þeira). valdi, m., in ‘ein-, fólkvaldi’.
vaknan, f. awakening. valdi, a., v. e-s = valdr e-s.
vakna-skeit, n. vigil-time. valdr, m. wielder, ruler.
vakr (vökr, vakrt), a. watchful, alert, valdr, a., v. e-s, the cause of, guilty of
wakeful (v. í bœnahaldi). (þótt þú sjálfr sér þess eigi v.).
vakr-liga, adv. nimbly; -ligr, a. val-dreyri, m. = valblóð; -dreyrugr,
watchful, lively; -lyndr, a. frisky. a. gory with blood of the slain.
vakta (að), v. to watch, with acc. valds-ligr, a. powerful, mighty;
val, n. choice; hann spurði hverjar -maðr, m. mighty man, ruler.
sögur í vali væri, what stories there were val-dýr, n. carrion-beast, esp. wolf;
to choose among; engi váru völ á því, there -dögg, f. ‘the dew of the slain’, blood;
was no chance of that. -fall, n. the fall of the slain; -fóðr, m.
vala-ript, f. French cloth. father of the slain, Odin; -galdr, m.
val-baugar, m. pl. French rings, for- charms, spells to raise the dead; -gjarn, a.
eign gold; cf. ‘Valir’. greedy for carrion, of the wolf; -glaumr,
val-blóð, n. blood from the slain (valr); m. the swarm of the slain in Valhalla;
-bráð, f. flesh of the slain (manna -grind, f. the gate of Valhalla.
-bráðir). val-knot, f. walnut.
val-bygg, n. foreign barley. val-höll, f. (1) the hall of the slain, Val-
val-böst, f. some part of a sword. halla; (2) a great hall of a king.
vald, n. (1) power, authority (þér hafið valin-kunnr, a. (1) impartial; (2) hon-
vald til þess at ráða þessu at sinni); eiga est, respectable.
(fá) v. yfir e-m, to have (get) power over valir, m. pl. the inhabitants of France
one; gefast í v. e-s, ganga (koma) á, v. e- (other than the Franks); Vala málmr,
s, to submit to one; (2) power, dominion Vala ript, gold or costly stuff from France.
(þá tók til v. Sviakonungs); (3) pl. völd, val-kyrja, f. a chooser of the slain,
the cause or origin of a thing; kenni ek þér Valkyrie; -köstr, m. a heep of slain.
völd um þat, I charge it on thee; af mínum val-land, n. France.
V

völdum, of my doing. vallari, m. destitute person, tramp,

valda (veld, olla or volda, valdit), beggar; vagabond, wanderer.
v. (1) to wield, with dat.; ef ek em svá vallar-sýn, f. outward appearance

581
vall-gangr V vand-blœtr
(miklir eru þeir at -sýn). (hón gerði honum ok klæði öll, er mest
vall-gangr, m. excrements; -gróinn, skyldi v.); vandaðr, elaborate, highly fin-
pp. grown with turf (-grónir bakkar); ished (vandaðr skipabúnaðr); vandaðar
-þrúðr, a. proud of gait. krásir, choice dainties; (2) to pick out the
val-mær, f. = valkyrja. best, choose carefully (muntu þurfa at v.
valneskr, a. French, = valskr. til ferðar þessar bædi menn ok skip); (3)
valr, m. the slain (látu þeir búa um val to find fault with, be particular about, care,
þann, er þar hafði fallit). mind, with a negative (v. lítt um siðu
valr (-s, -ir), m. hawk, falcon. manna); vanda ek eigi, þótt sá sé dre-
valr, a. round, oval. pinn, I mind not though he be killed; v.
val-rauðr, a. blood-red, crimson; um e-t við e-n, to find fault with one for
-rauf, -rof, n. plundering the slain; -rú- a thing, complain of; (4) refl., vandast, to
nar, f. pl. obscure runes; -sinni, n. the become difficult, precarious (þykki mér nú
company of the slain. v. málit); impers., vandast um e-t, it be-
valska, f. the French language, = völsk contes difficult.
tunga; valskr, a. French; valskar mýss, vanda-, gen. from ‘vandi’; -bundinn,
rats. pp. closely allied, connected with (-
val-slöngva, f. ‘war-sling’, catapult; bundinn e-m); -hlutr, m. difficult thing
-stefna, f. war-meeting, battle; -tivar, (eigi lítill -hlutr).
m. pl. gods of the slain. vanda-, gen. pl. from ‘vöndr’; -hús, n.
valtr, a. easily upset, unstable, un- wicker-house.
steady (völt er þessa heims hamingja). vanda-lauss, a. (1) not difficult, easy;
val-veiðr, f. hawking. (2) unrelated with (-lauss e-m;) -lausir
valz-ligr, a. proud, = valdsligr. menn, strangers; (3) free of obligation (ek
vamm, n. blemish, = vömm; leita e-m vil vera -lauss af, þótt, þú farir heim þan-
vamms, to do one harm. gat); e-m er laust við e-n, one is in no
vamma-fullr, a. full of blemishes; relation to (quite neutral as to) a person;
-lauss, -vanr, a. unblemished. -lítill, a. easy; -maðr, m. relation,
van-, a prefixed particle denoting lack- friend, = venzla-maðr; -mál, n. a diffi-
ing, under-, un-. cult, complicated case; -mikill, a. closely
vana (að), v. (1) to diminish, opp. to connected; -ráð, n. = vanda-mál.
‘auka’; (2) to disable, spoil, destroy; (3) re- vandar-högg, n. flogging.
fl., vanast, to wane, fail. vanda-samligr, a. difficult; -sýsla, f.
van-afli, a. weak, waning in strength. difficult task.
vana-ligr, a. usual, common; -sótt, f. vanda-tíðir, f. pl. customary feasts.
habitual illness; -sótt kvenna, menstrua- vand-bálkr, m. a wall of wands or
tion; -sóngr, m. usual singing. wicker, wattled partition.
van-burða, a. indecl. born prematurely vand-blœtr, a. fastidious, difficult to
(-burða eldi); -búinn, pp. unprepared. please; -fenginn, pp. difficult to get;
vanda (að), v. (1) to work elaborately, -fœrr, a. difficult to pass, of a road;
bestow great pains on, prepare carefully -gætt, pp. n., in the phrase, e-m verðr

582
vandi V van-efni
-gœtt til e-s, a thing is difficult to keep kaupunautum?).
or manage; -hœfi, n. difficulty, difficult vand-raun, f. hard trial.
management; -hœfr, a. difficult to man- van-drengr, m. mean, dishonourable
age. fellow, = ú-drengr.
vandi, m. (1) difficulty, difficult task vandræða-félag, n. troublesome fel-
(lízt mér þat mikill v.); (2) responsibility lowship; -gripr, m. troublesome thing;
(ek af sel vanda mér af höndum, hversu -kostr, m. dire choice; -laust, adv.
sem gefst); (3) obligation, duty, esp. of re- without troubles; skildu þeir allir -laust,
lationship; e-m er v. á við e-n, one is under they parted without a quarrel; -líkligr,
obligation to a person (er þér miklu meiri a. likely to cause trouble; -maðr, m. trou-
v. á við Eirik konung en Egil); binda sér blesome person; -samr, a. troublesome;
vanda við e-n, to enter into obligation. -skáld, n. troublesome poet, a nickname.
vandi, m. custom, habit, wont (leggja e- vand-ræðast (dd), v. refl. to grumble
t í vanda); at (or eptir) vanda, as usual. over, complain of (-ræðast um e-t).
vandindi, n. pl. difficulties. vandræða-tak, n. troublesome taking;
vand-kvæði, n. perplexity, trouble; hit- -vant, a. n. difficult.
ta (koma) í -kvæði, to get into trouble; vand-ræði, n. difficulty, trouble, per-
-launaðr, pp. difficult to reward as is plexity (hann leysti hvers manns -ræði);
due. -sénn, pp. difficult to see; -sét er við e-u,
vand-laupr, m. basket of wands. it is difficult to be on one’s guard against;
vand-látr, a. fastidious, difficult to -settr, pp. difficult to place; -skipaðr,
please; -liga, adv. (1) carefully, exactly pp. difficult to man (-skipaðr mun þér
(segja -liga frá e-u); gæta e-s liga, to watch stafninn); -stilltr, pp. difficult to tem-
closely; (2) completely, fully (svá -liga týn- per.
du þeir sannleikinum, at engi vissi ska- vand-styggr, a. ‘wand-shy’, flinching
para sinn); -líft, a. n. difficult to live from the rod, of a horse.
(e-m er -líft); -lyndi, n. difficult temper; vand-tekit, pp. n. difficult to receive;
-lyndr, a. difficult of temper; -læta -tekit er við e-m, it is not safe to receive
(-tta, -tt), v. to be zealous; -læti, n. one; -veittr, pp. difficult to give; -virk-
zeal. liga, adv. painstakingly, carefully;
vandlætis-maðr, m. zealot. -virkr, a. painstaking, careful; -virkt,
vand-mæli, n. difficult question. f. (1) good workmanship; (2) carefulness,
vandr (vönd, vant), a. (1) difficult, re- painstaking; -yrkliga, adv. = vand-virk-
quiring pains and care; sýndist henni vant liga.
at neita þessu boði, it was a risk to refuse van-efni, n. pl. lack of means;
such an offer; ór vöndu er at ráða, this is -farinn, pp. in a strait; vér erum -farnir
a difficult case; vera vant við kominn, to hjá honum, we are much short of him;
be in a perplexity; (2) e-m er vant við e-n, -ferli, n. things going wrong; -festr,
V

one is under obligation to a person, = e-m pp. badly fastened; -frægð, f. disrepute;
er vandi á við e-n; (3) careful; v. at e-u, -frægja (-ða, -ðr), v. to bring a bad
particular about (hversu v. muntu vera at name on; -fœri, f. disability; -fœrr, a.

583
vanga-bein V van-signaðr
(1) disabled, infirm; (2) unable, incapable failing strength, illness; -megin, n. (1)
(fœrr em ek til at gera þér veizlu). weakness, illness; (2) fainting, swoon;
vanga-bein, n. cheek-bone; -filla, f. -meginn, a. feeble, weak; -megn, n. =
skin and flesh of the cheek; -gull, n. ear- van-megin; -megna (að), v. to weaken;
ring; -högg, n. box on the ear. refl., -megnast, to grow faint; -menna,
van-geyma (-da, -t), v. to be negligent f., -menni, n. worthless person; -meta,
of; -geyminn, a. negligent; -geymni, a. indecl. in a weak, bad condition (var
-geymsla, f. negligence. fótrinn -meta); -metnaðr, m. disgrace;
vangi, m. the upper part of the cheek. -mettr, pp. hungry; -minni, n. forget-
vangr, m. field (cf. ‘himinvangr’); frá fulness; -mælt, pp. n., eiga e-t -mælt,
mínum véum ok vöngum, from my hearth to have anything unsaid, anything to say;
and home. hvárt sem mér verðr of mælt eða -mælt,
van-gæzla, f. negligence, = van-geym- whether I say too much or too little.
sla; -hagr, m. (1) disadvantage; (2) mis- vanr, a. (1) wont, accustomed (bað hann
conduct; -hald, n. damage, loss (bíða ganga, til sætis þess, er hann var v. at sit-
-hald af e-m); pl. ill-luck, thriftlessness; ja); v. e-u, used to a thing; (2) usual (ekki
-haldin, pp. getting, less than one’s due, fekk ek minna til bús en vant er).
wronged; -heiðr, m. dishonour; -heila, vanr, a. lacking, wanting, with gen.;
f. = -heilsa; -heiligr, a. wretched, ill; handar em ek v., I lack a hand; vön geng
-heilindi, n. failing health, illness; ek vilja, I walk joyless; e-s er vant, some-
-heill, a. (1) not hale, disabled; e-m thing is wanting or missing; eitt sinn var
verðr -heilt, one is taken ill; (2) pregnant; vant kýr í Þykkvabœ, a cow was wanting.
-heilsa, f. failing health, illness; -hen- van-rétti, n. loss of right, injury (þola
ta, v. to stand in need of, want (hann kvad -rétti); -rœkiliga, adv. carelessly,
sér -henta annat); -hentr, a. not suit- slovenly; -rœkinn, a. careless, negligent;
able; e-m er e-t -hent, it suits him not -rœkja (-ta, -tr), v. to neglect, disre-
well; -hertr, pp. not pushed up to one’s gard; -roekni, f. lack of care, negligence;
mettle; -hluta, a. indecl. unfairly dealt -roekt, f. lack of care, negligence; -sami,
with; verða -hluta, to be worsted; -hlutr, m. dishonour; -sénn, a. difficult to see.
m. damage, loss; -hyggja, f. lack of fore vansi, m. (1) lack, want (v. matar ok
thought. klæða); (2) shame, disgrace (verða fyrir,
vani, m. custom, usage; leggja e-t í vana fá, vansa); (3) harm, injury; þeir fengu
sinn, to practice habitually. engar bœtr fyrir vansa sina, they got no
van-kunnandi, -kunnasta, f. want of compensation for their hurts.
knowledge, ignorance; -launaðr, pp. van-signaðr, pp. cursed; -skör-ungr,
badly rewarded; -lofaðr, pp. under- m. wretched fellow; -stilli, n. lack of
praised; -luktr, pp. half-finished; -lyk- moderation, intemperance; -stilling, f.
tir, f. pl. neglect, með (at) -lyktum, un- lack of moderation, intemperance; -still-
finished, half done; -mátta, a. indecl. tr, pp. (1) wanting in temper, rash; (2) ex-
weak, infirm; -máttigr, a. failing in cessive; -sætti, n. discord; -sœmd, f. dis-
strength; unable, impotent; -máttr, m. honour, contumely, = úsœmd.

584
vanta V varð-berg
vanta (að), v. to want, lack; impers. (vara íslenzk).
with acc. of the person and thing (e-n van- varan, f. (1) warning; (2) shunning.
tar e-t); vantaði þá eigi hesta né aðra hlu- varar-feldr, m. a kind of cloak;
ti, they wanted neither horses nor other -skinn, n. skin current in trade; -váð, f.
things. = vöruváð.
van-talat, pp. n. = -mælt; á ek við var-boðit, pp. n. underbidden, under-
hvárigan ykkar -talat, I want to speak to rated; -búinn, pp. unprepared.
neither of you; -talit, pp. n. not fully ac- varða (að), v. (1) to warrant, guarantee,
counted for, short in the tale; -tempran, answer for; v. fyrir e-n, to stand bail for
f. immoderation; -traust, n. lack of trust; one; ek vil, at Flosi einn varði við mik,
-trú, f. unbelief; -trúaðr, pp. unbeliev- my will is that F. alone shall be answerable
ing; -trúnaðr, m. distrust; -trúr, a. = (for the fines) to me; (2) to bargain for
-trúaðr; -unninn, pp. unfinished; -virða (S. hefir áðr varðat viðinn fyrir þrjú hun-
(-rða, -rðr), v. disregard, dishonour, put druð einlit); (3) to be of importance (ef
to shame; -virða, f. disgrace, shame; þér þykkir v. um mína vináttu); v. e-n,
-virðing, f. disgrace, shame; -virkja, f. to concern one, be of importance to one (at
defect fault; -vizka, f. foolishness. segja þér þat, er þik varðar); v. miklu,
vanyfla-sótt, f. habitual illness. litlu, engu, to matter much, little, naught;
van-yfli, n. pl. chronic ailments. hann kvað þá engu þat v., said it was no
var-, a prefixed particle, = van-. business of theirs; varðar engu um vára
vara (að), v. (1) to warn, caution; v. e- aptrkomu, it does not matter whether we
n við e-u, to caution one against, bid one come back or not; (4) to guard, watch, de-
beware of (þú hefir þat ráð upp tekit, er fend (v. land, alla vega); v. e-m e-t, to
ek varaða þik mest við); v. sik, to be on ward a thing off from a person withhold it
one’s guard, beware; (2) refl., varast = vara from him; v. mér bátinn: to forbid me the
sik (þeir Þorgils vissu sér engis ótta ván boat, by force; v. e-m, with infin. to hin-
ok vörudust ekki); v. af e-u to take warn- der, prevent (varðar hann fé váru at ko-
ing from (svá at aðrir varist af úförum mast yfir ána); (5) to be liable to, punish-
þinum); v. e-t, to be on one’s guard able by (varðar þat fjörbaugsgarð); hvat
against, shun, take care not to (hann varðar, þótt vér reynim, what risk though
varaðist þat mest at koma við landit); bad we try?; v. e-m e-t, to entail as a penalty
jarlinn við v., to be on his guard. upon one (spurði, hvat konu varðaði, ef
vara (-ði), v. to give (one) a foreboding hón væri í brókum jafnan svá sem kar-
of; þess varir mik, at, I have a presenti- lar); v. við lög, to be punishable by law (þat
ment that; þeir kómu þar jafnan fram, er ætla ek við lög v. at vinna á Mikjálsdegi);
engi mann varði, where no one expected; ok lét v. þriggja marka útlegð, he asked for
bar hann skjótara at en þá varði, soon- a fine of three marks; (6) to belong to (sú
er than they expected; þá er minnst varir, jörð er klaustrinu varðaði).
V

when one least expects it. varða, f. pile of stones, cairn (hlaða,
vara, f. wares, in Norway chiefly of fur reisa vörðu).
(grá-, skinna-vara), in Iceland of wadmal varð-berg, n. ‘watch-rock’, outlook; ve-

585
varðhalds-engill V var-mæltr
ra á -bergi, to be on the lookout; -hald, varg-rœkr, a. who is to be hunted down
n. (1) holding ward, keeping watch; vera as a wolf.
á -haldi, to keep watch (hann skyldi gæta vargs-hold, n. wolf’s flesh.
hesta þeira ok vera á -haldi); (2) custody varg-skinn, n. wolf’s skin.
(hafa e-n í -haldi). vargs-líki, n. likeness of a wolf (brugðu
varðhalds-engill, m. guardian angel; Æsir Vala í -líki); -rödd, f. voice (howl-
-maðr, m. watchman. ing) of a wolf.
varð-helgi, f. sanctuary, asylum; varg-stakkr, m. a cloak of wolf ’s skin
-hundr, m. watch-dog; -hús, n. watch- (þeir höfðu -stakka fyrir brynjur); -tré,
house. n. gallows.
varði, m. cairn = varða (var v. stórr varg-úlfr, m. were-wolf.
fyrir ofan tjaldit). varg-ynja, f. she-wolf; -öld, f. age
varð-karl, m. watch-carle, warder; (time) of wolves.
-klokka, f. watch-bell; -lokkur, f. pl. var-haldinn, pp. unfairly treated;
a kind of magic song, charms; -maðr, m. -hluta, a. indecl. verða -hluta fyrir e-m,
watchman, warder; -veita (-tta, -ttr), to get an unfair share, be wronged; -hugi,
v. (1) to keep, preserve, with dat. (-veita m. precaution; gjalda -huga við e-u, to be-
þessum steini); later with acc., svá skal ware of; -hygð, f. wariness, watchfulness.
ek þik -veita, at þik skal ekki saka, I shall vari, m. wariness, precaution; betri er
take such good care of thee, that no harm hinn fyrri varinn, fore-thought is better
shall come to thee; -veita sik við e-u, frá than after-thought; til vara, by way of pre-
e-u, to abstain from; ef maðr tekr grið ok caution.
-veitir þat ekki, if a man takes up an abode vari, m. the watery substance of the
and does not keep it; (2) to observe (-veita blood (vatn, er menn kalla vara).
guðs boðorðum); -veizla, f. keeping, cus- varinn, pp. conditioned = farinn (svá er
tody; fá e-m fé til -veizlu, to hand money mér varit, at).
over to one to keep. varla, adv. hardly, scarcely.
varðveizlu-lauss, a. watchless, un- var-launaðr, pp. insufficiently reward-
guarded; -maðr, m. warder, keeper. ed; eiga e-m -launat, to be in debt to one;
var-fœri, f. wariness; -fœrr, a. wary, -leika, a. indecl., verða -leika, to be
cautious (Ólafr bað hann vera varfœran). worsted in a game; -leiki, m. wariness;
varg-dropi, m. son of an outlaw. -leitat, pp. n. insufficiently searched
var-gefin, pp. f. ill-matched, of a (hafa -leitat e-s); -liga, adv. (1) scarcely,
woman; -goldinn, pp. underpaid. hardly; (2) warily (fara, mæla -liga);
varg-hamr, m. wolf’s skin; -ljöð, n. -ligr, a. displaying wariness, cautious,
pl. wolf-howlings. safe (þat þótti -ligra).
vargr (-s, -ar), m. (1) wolf (trollkona varma-hús, n. a warmed room.
sat á vargi); (2) thief, robber, miscreant; varmr, a. warm; var honum varmt
eyða vörgum, to destroy miscreants; (3) mjök, he was very warm.
outlaw (Eyvindr hafði vegit í véum, ok var-mæltr, pp. cautious in one’s lan-
var hann v. orðinn). guage; cf. ‘varorðr’.

586
varna V vatna-djúp
varna (að), v. (1) to withhold from one, vart, adv. (1) scantily, poorly (konur v.
deny one a thing, v. e-m e-s (v. e-m liðvei- búnar); (2) scarcely.
zlu, máls, réttinda); (2) v. við e-u, to ab- varta, f. wart (þat tekr af vörtur).
stain from (v. við kjötvi); varnaði-t við vartari, m. strap, thong.
tárum, she could not forbear weeping. var-úð, f. precaution; gjalda varúð við
varnaðar-bréf, n. letter of protection, e-u, to beware of.
safe-conduct; -maðr, m. warder, varúðar-mál, n. pl. warning words.
guardian. var-úðigr, a. wary, cautious.
varnaðr (gen. -ar), m. (1) protection, varúð-liga, adv. warily.
keeping (hafði hann tekit mál þeira á. varzla, f. surety, caution, guarantee;
sinn varnað); (2) warning, caution; láta ganga í vörzlu fyrir e-n, to become surety
sér annars víti at varnaði verða, to be for one.
warned by another’s woe; bjóða, setja e- vasast (að), v. refl., v. í e-u, to be en-
m varnað ð e-u, to bid one beware of a tanged in, meddle with or in a thing (eigi
thing; margir hlutir vóru þar til varnaðar vil ek v. í slíku).
mæltir, were forbidden; (3) wares, goods vaska (að), v. to wash the head, with
(Egill lét upp setja skip sín ok fœra var- dat. (v. höfði, honum, sér).
nað til staðar); (4) household people. vask-leikr, m. bravery, valour; -liga,
varnan, f. warning, caution. adv. valiantly; -ligr, a. of brave or gallant
varnar-, gen. from ‘vörn’; -aðili, m. bearing.
defendant in a suit, opp. to ‘sóknar-aðili’; vaskr, a. manly, valiant (þú ert maðr v.
-eiðr, m., -gögn, n. pl., -kviðr, m. ok vel at þér).
oath, evidence, verdict for the defence; vatn (gen. vatris or vatz), n. (1) wa-
-lauss, a. defenceless; -maðr, m. defend- ter, fresh water (spratt þar v. upp); sól
er. gengr at vatni, the sun sets in the sea; (2)
varningr, m. wares, goods, cargo. fears (vatnit for niðr eptir kjálkanum á
var-orðr, a. wary in one’s words, dis- honum); halda vatni, to forbear weeping;
creet; cf. ‘varmæltr’. (3) lake (Mjörs er svá mikit vatn, at líkara
varp, n. casting, throwing, of a net. er sjó); (4) pl., vötn, large rivers (hnigu
varpa (að), v. to cast, throw, with dat. heilög vötn af Himin-fjöllum).
(v. frá sér kyrtlinum); v. öndinni, to draw vatna (að), v. (1) to water (v. hestum,
a deep breath. fénaði); (2) to fast on water, = vatnfasta;
varpa, f. fishing-net. (3) impers., land vatnar, the land disap-
varr (vör. vart), a. (1) aware; verða e-s pears under the (horizon at) sea (þeir
v., verða v. við e-t, to be aware of, learn, sigldu þrjá daga til þess er landit var vat-
hear; gera e-n varan við e-t, to warn a per- nat).
son; gera vart við e-t, to draw attention to vatna-djúp, n. abyss; -gangr, m. in-
a thing; (2) wary, cautious; vera v. um sik, undation, overflow, fall of rain; -hlaup,
V

to be on one’s guard; v. við e-t, on one’s n. floods, rushing forth of waters; -vöxtr,
guard against. m. swelling of waters; -þytr, m. sound of
varr-simi, m. the wake of a ship. falling waters.

587
vatn-beri V váða-hark
vatn-beri, m. = vatnsberi; -bólginn, u, to be overgrown with (hrísi vex ok hávu
a. dropsical; -dauðr, a. drowned in fresh grasi vegr, er vætki treðr); (3) to wax, in-
water; -dragari, m. water-carrier; -dra- crease (veðr, vindr vex); þá er honum óx
gi, m. water-carrier; -fall, n. (1) stream, aldr, when he grew older; e-m vex e-t í
river (svá mikit -fall sem áin Nið er); (2) augu, a thing grows big in one’s eyes; (4)
torrents of rain (-fall fylgdi hér svá mikit to grow greater in fame (Sigurðr konungr
ór lopti, at); -fátt, a. n. short of water; þótti v. mikit af þessi veiziu).
fá -fátt, to become short of water; -fasta vax-blys, n. wax-torch.
(að), v. to fast on water; -fasta, f. ‘water- vaxinn, pp. (1) grown up (v. maðr); (2)
fast’; -fiskr, m. fresh-water fish; -gan- overgrown with (grasi, skógi, viði, reyri
gr, m. swelling of water; -kakki, m. wa- v.); (3) shapen, formed (Nóregr er v. með
ter-butt; -karl, m. jug; -kálfr, m. drop- þrem oddum); svá er við vaxit, the matter
sy; -ker, -kerald, n. water-vessel; stands so.
-lauss, a. = vatnslauss; -ormr, m. wa- vax-kerti, n. wax-candle, wax-light;
ter-serpent; -rás, f. = vatnsrás. -ljós, n. wax-candle, wax-light; -spjald,
vatns-bakki, m. bank or shore of a lake; n. wax-tablet, for writing on.
-beri, m. water-bearer, Aquarius; -botn, vaxta-lauss, a. without increase or in-
m. upper end of a lake; -burðr, m. car- terest.
rying water; -drykkr, m. drink of water; vaxt-samr, a. fruitful, productive.
-endi, m. end of a lake; -fall, n. = vatn- vaz-, (= vats-) the common spelling for
fall; -farvegr, m. bed of a river; -fata, f. ‘vatns-’.
water-pail; -hríð, f. heavy shower of rain vaztir, f. pl. fishing-bank (á þær v., er
with wind; -íss, m. ice on a lake; -ker, hann var vanr at sitja).
n. water-vessel; -kerald, n. water-vessel; vá (gen. vár), f. woe, calamity, danger;
-lauss, a. waterless; -skírn, f. baptism in þat er lítil vá, ’tis no great harm; e-m
water; -skortr, m. lack of water; -óss, bregðr vá fyrir grön, one gets a sudden
m. mouth of a lake (connected with the fright (brá þeim vá fyrir grön, er þeir sá
sea); -rás, f. water-course; -sótt, f. drop- Birkibeina).
sy; -strönd, f. bank of a lake; vá, f. nook, corner = vrá.
-støkkull, m. a brush for sprinkling wa- vá (váða), v. to blame (úkynnis þess vár
ter; -veita, f. drain trench, aqueduct; þik engi maðr).
-vígsla, f. consecration of water; -vík, f. vá-beiða, f. an evil-boding monster;
creek in a lake; -æðr, f. vein of water. -brestr, m. a sudden evil-boding crash or
vatta (að), v. to grasp with gloves. sound; -böl, n. an unlooked for calamity.
vatz-, = vatns-, vaz-. váð (pl. -ar), f. (1) stuff, cloth as it leaves
vax, n. wax (bráðna sem v. við eld). the loom (sat þar kona, sveigði rokk, bjó
vaxa (vex; óx or vóx, óxum or uxum; til váðar); (2) fishing-net; (3) pl., váðir,
vaxinn), v. (1) to wax, grow (hann heyrir clothes (váðir mfnar gaf ek tveimr
þat er gras vex á jörðu); v. upp, to grow trémönnum).
up (þá er hann óx upp); honum vóx eigi váða-hark, n. terrible noise; -kuldi,
skegg, no beard grew on his chin; (2) v. e- m. perilous cold; -ligr, a. scatheful, per-

588
váð-áss V vána
ilous; -samligr, a. = -ligr; -verk, n. acci- bezt til váligra þegna); -lítill, a. (1)
dental deed, of an unintentional harm in- harmless, doing small harm; (2) very little,
flicted. very short, of time; -ljúgr, m. disappoint-
váð-áss, m. a pole to hang clothes on; ment (nú er mér orðinn -ljúgr at þeim
-hœfr, a. fit for sail (-hœft veðr). átrúnaði).
váði, m. scathe, danger, peril, of ex- válka, n. tossing to and fro, esp. at sea
treme sudden danger (mér þykkir við (fekk harm þá v. mikit).
váða búit, ef); stýra e-m til ens mesta, válka (að), v. (1) to toss to and fro, drag
váða, to expose one to the greatest danger. with oneself (eigi hœfir svá gömlum karli
váð-ker, n. a tub in which clothes are at v. svá væna mey); (2) v. e-t fyrir sér,
stamped or trodden; -meiðr, m. clothes- v. e-t í hugnum, to ponder over; (3) refl.,
pole = -áss. válkast í e-u, to wallow in (þeir höfðu
váð-veifliga, adv. suddenly. válkazt í róðru ok blóði).
váð-verk, n. cloth-making. vá-lyndi, n. ill-will; -lyndr, a. ill-na-
váð-vænligr, a. perilous; -vænn, a. tured, scatheful.
fraught with danger; straumar váðvænir, váma, f. qualm, ailment.
dangerous currents. vámr, m. a loathsome person.
váfa (-ða), v. to swing, vibrate to and ván (pl. -ir), f. hope, expectation,
fro, hang; v. yfir, to be impending. prospect; mér er v., at, I expect that; er v.
váfa, f. ghost, spectre, shade. e-s, it is to be expected; sliks var v., this
vág, f. (1) balance, scales (hann biðr was to be looked for; þeim var ills ván at
Gilla taka vágina); (2) weight (v. min af Þór, they apprehended evil from Th.; sem
gulli). hann hafði áðr sagt á ván, as he had giv-
vága (að), v. to dare, venture. en to understand; sem v. var at, as was to
vá-gestr, m. dangerous guest. be expected; vita sér engis ótta vánir, to
vág-föll, n. pl. the running of blood apprehend no danger; konungs var þangat
and matter from a sore. v., the king was expected there; e-t sten-
vág-glati, m. destruction. dr til vánar, it bids fair; e-t er at vánum,
vág-marr, m. ‘wave-steed’, ship. it is what could be looked for (ok er þat
vágr (-s, -ar), m. (1) wave, sea; (2) at vánum við skaplyndi Þorgeirs); vita v.
creek, bay; (3) matter from a sore. til e-s, to expect; hann vissi enga v., at,
vág-rek, n. wreck, goods drifted ashore he had no expectation that; eiga barn í
(skyldi þat -rek heita). vánum, to have a child in prospect; dra-
vágs-botn, m. inner end of a bay. ga e-t í v., to hold out a prospect of; mör-
vág-skorinn, pp. indented with bays. gum þykkir fyrir v. komit, many think it
vála (að), v. to wail. is past all hope; þá er allar vánir vóru
válat, n. misery, destitution (hón grét rannsakaðar, when all likely places were
mjök fátœki sitt ok v.). searched; dat., vánu, with compar., vánu
V

válaðr, a. wretched, indigent, dis- bráðara, skjótara, sooner than expected;

tressed (vesall ok v. ok fátœkr). vánu verr, worse than might be expected.
vá-ligr, a. hurtful, harmful (spyrja er vána (að), v. to hope, look for, expect, =

589
vánar-lauss V vár-dagar
vænta (ek vána, at góð verði þessi ferð). -þing; -tak, n. (1) weapon-grasping, used
vánar-lauss, a. hopeless; -maðr, m. to express consent by waving or brandish-
(1) a person who has a prospect of being ing the weapons (œptu upp allir með -ta-
saved; (2) almsman, beggar; -völr, m. ki, at þeir skyldi allir vera útlagir); gera
beggar’s staff (bera -völ). -tak at e-u, to pass a resolution at a public
ván-biðill, m. a wooer waiting for an assembly; (2) in the Icel. parliament, the
answer. breaking up of the session, when the men
vándr, a. (1) bad, wretched (í vándum resumed their weapons (þat heitir -tak, er
klæðum); (2) bad, wicked (v. hefi ek verit, alþýða riðr af alþingi); (3) = -þing;
en aldri hefi ek þjófr verit). -viðskipti, n. = -skipti; -þing, n.
vándska, f., vánd-skapr, m. wicked- muster, wapenshaw (um morgininn átti
ness; evil conduct. konungr -þing ok kannaði lið sitt).
vánds-liga, adv. badly; -ligr, a. bad, vápn-bitinn, pp. dead by the sword;
wicked; harmful. -dauðr, a. weapon-dead, = -bitinn;
ván-leysi, n. hopelessness; -ligr, a. -djarfr, a. gallant; -fimi, f. skill in arms;
likely, to be expected; -lygi, m. frustration -fimr, a. dexterous in arms; -fœrr, a.
of hope, disappointment. (1) able to bear arms (M. hafði samnat
vápn, n. weapon (vóru sumir vápnum hverjum manni, er -fœrr var); (2) fit as a
vegnir, sumir grýttir til bana). weapon; -föt, n. pl. armour; -göfigr, a.
vápna (að), v. to furnish with arms; v. glorious in arms; -hanzki, m. warglove;
sik, to arm oneself; refl., vápnast, to take -hestr, m. war-horse; -hœfr, a. fit for,
one’s arms. manageable, as a weapon; -lauss, a.
vápna-afli, m. stores of arms; -bit, n. weaponless, unarmed; -rokkr, m. coat
‘weapon-bite’, wound; -brak, n. din of worn above armour; -slœgr, a. = -fimr;
arms; -burðr, m. (1) carrying of arms (þá -steinn, m. stone used as a weapon;
var svá lítill -burðr, at ein var stálhúfa -sœkja, v. to attack; -söngr, m. clash of
þá á alþingi); (2) fray, shower of weapons arms; -vana, a. indecl. = -lauss.
in battle; bar fyrir útan þat skip -burð vár, f. one of the goddesses.
heiðingja, their missiles fell outside the vár, n. spring; um várit, á várin, in the
ship; -búnaðr, m. equipment of arms, ar- spring (á várin, er ísa leysir); í vár, last
mour; -búningr, m. equipment of arms, spring.
armour; -gangr, m. (1) clash of weapons; vára (að), v. to become spring; impers.
(2) shower of missiles; -glam, n., -gnýr, (þá er váraði; er vára tók); refl., en er
m. clash of weapons; -kista, f. arm-chest; viraðist, gerðist hann hljóðr mjök, when
-mót, n. fight, battle; -samankváma, f. spring came, he grew very silent.
meeting of weapons, battle; -skipti, n. (1) várar, f. pl. solemn vow, oath; Helgi á
exchange of weapons; (2) exchange of Sváfa veittust v., H. and S. plighted their
blows (oss munu öll -skipti þungt ganga); faith; armr er vára vargr, wretched is the
-staðr, m. (1) a place where one may be faith-breaker.
wounded (sjá beran -stað á e-m); (2) vár-dagar, m. pl. spring days; -fer-
weapon-mark, wound; -stefna, f. = ill, m. spring-traveller; -gæra, f. spring-

590
vár-kunn V veð-bróðir
fleece. weather.
vár-kunn, f. (1) what is to be excused; váta-drífa, f. fall of sleet; -reykr, m.
er þat nókkur -kunn, at þú verðir oss eigi wet reek, steam.
at liði, there is some excuse for thee for not vát-fœrr, a. wet to pass, of a road;
helping us; (2) compassion, pity; -kunna, -lendi, n. wet sail.
v. to excuse, pity, = -kynna. vátr, a. wet (þeir vóru vátir mjök).
várkunnar-bragt, n. = -verk; -hugr, vátta (að), v. to witness, affirm.
m. compassionate mind; -lauss, a. (1) un- vátta-laust, adv. without witnesses.
merciful; (2) inexcusable; -leysi, n. mer- vátt-bærr, a. admissible as a witness;
cilessness; -verk, n. excusable deed. -lauss, a. unwitnessed; -nefna, f. calling
várkunnigr, a. merciful, forbearing, witnesses; -næmdr, pp. attested by wit-
compassionate. nesses; -orð, n. evidence, testimony.
várkunn-látr, a. forbearing; vera sér váttr (-s, -ar), m. witness (hafa vátta
-látr um e-t, to excuse oneself; -ligr, a. við, nefna vátta).
excusable; -leati, n. forbearance, mercy. vátt-visi, f. testimony.
vár-kynd, f. = -kunn; -kynna (-da, -t), vátviðra-samr, a. wet (sumar þetta
v. (1) to excuse; (2) to pity. var illt ok -samt).
vár-langr, a. as long as in spring; vát-viðri, n. wet weather (þá gerir á
-ligr, a. belonging to the spring. skúr mikla ok -viðri).
várr, poss. pron. our; sá v., er, the one vá-veifi, n. fearful suddenness; -veifis,
of us who; skipi hvert várt stýrði each of us adv. all of a sudden.
steered his own ship; fundir várir (-okkrir) váveif-liga, adv. suddenly; -ligr, a.
Hákonar, the meeting of H. and myself. sudden (-ligr hlutir).
vár-tíð, f., -tími, m. spring-tide, vé, n. (1) mansion, house; byggja vé
spring-time; -víking, f. freebooting expe- goða, to dwell in the homes of the gods; (2)
dition in spring; -yrkja (-ta, -t), v. to do temple, sanctuary (vega víg í véum).
the spring-work, in a household; -þing, n. vé, n. pl. standard (poet.).
spring; -önn, f. spring-work. vear, m. pl. the gods (poet.).
vás, n. toil, fatigue, from bad weather vé-bönd, n. pl. the ropes fastened to
(þola v. ok erfiði); -búð, f. = vás (var þar stakes (heslistengr) by which the court was
hörð vásbúð); -ferð, -för, f. wet (rough) surrounded.
journey. veð (gen. pl. veðja), n. pledge, surety;
vá-sjaldan, adv. very seldom. setja e-t í v., at veði, to pledge, give in
vá-skapaðr, m. mischief-maker; pledge; hann bauð at veði alla eign sína,
-skeytr, a. fickle, shifty. he offered all his property as a pledge; leysa
vás-klæði, n. pl. bad-weather clothes; (út) v., to redeem a pledge; hafa e-t í veði,
-kufl, m. rain-cloak; -kyrtill, m. = to have at stake; vera í veði, to be at stake
-kufl; -samr, a. wet and toilsome; (líf mitt er í veði).
V

-stakkr, m. = -kufl. veð-bróðir, m. a plighted brother, con-

vá-stigr, m. woeful path. federate; -fé, n. a bet or wager; dœmdu
vás-verk, n. wet work; -viðri, n. bad þeir, at dvergrinn ætti -féit, that the

591
veðja V vefnaðr
dwarf had won the wager. marked by hard weather (haust -hart);
veðja (að), v. to stake in a wager, with -himinn, m. atmosphere; -kœnn, a. skil-
dat.; þú veðjaði Loki höfði sínu við þann ful in forecasting the weather, weather-
dverg, then L. wagered his head with that wise; -leikr, m. = veðrátta; -lítill, a.
dwarf; v. um við e-n, to lay a wager with calm, light, of wind; -sjúkr, a. anxious
one (búinn em ek at v. um við þik, at ek about the weather; -spár, a. weatherwise;
mun finna ljótara fót). -stáða, f. direction of the wind; -sæll, a.
veðjan, f. wagering, betting. blessed with good weather; -vana, a. in-
veð-máli, m. pledge, mortgage; -mæla decl. lacking favourable wind; -vandr, a.
(-ta, -tr), v. to demand as, bind by a nice as to weather; -viti, m. vane.
pledge. veð-setja, v. (1) to pawn. mortgage (-
veðr, n. (1) weather (gott, illt); (2) wind setja jarðir sínar); (2) to hazard, stake (-
(tók at lægja veðrit); sigla (stýra) í v. e- setja sik ok fé sitt); -setja sik í þetta mál,
m, to get to the wind-ward of one, take the to pleage oneself to (take part in) this case.
wind out of his sail; (3) quarter, tack; veifði vefa (vef; vaf, váfum, vófam, ófum;
hann rœði annars veðrs til, he steered ofinn, vofinn), v. (1) to weave (v. vef,
round with his oar on the other tack; (4) dúk); (2) to plait, twist (v. vandlaup).
the lower air (þetta smiði var svá mikit vé-fang, n. division or disagreement in
vorðit, at þat tók upp ór veðrum); v. rauf court; -fengja (-da, -dr), v. to bring
upp, the air cleared up; (5) wind, scent; about a véfang, divide the court in a suit
bersi hafði v. af manninum, the bear had (þeir munu ok ætla at -fengja bren-
wind of the man, scented him; komast við numálit).
veðri, to be scented, rumoured; láta koma vefja (vef; vafða; vafiðr, vafðr,
v. á e-n um e-t, to let one get scent of, vafinn), v. (1) to wrap, fold; v. e-u um
throw out hints to one about a thing; höfuð sér, at höfði e-m, to wrap it round
staðarmenn mæltu mjök á. v., hinted one’s head; hann tók vaðmál ok vafði at
broadly. sér, and wrapped it round himself; v. e-t
veðr (gen. -rs and -rar, pl. -rar), m. saman, to fold or wrap it together (vóru
(1) wether; (2) battering-ram. þar margir tötrar saman vafðir); v. e-t e-u
veðra-bálkr, m. continuous stormy (í e-u, með e-u), to wrap it up in a thing
weather; -bati, m. an improvement in the (barnit var vafit í dúki); meðal-kafli gulli
weather (heita til -bata). vafiðr, a sword-haft wound with gold; (2) to
veðrar-horn, n. a wether’s horn. entangle, embroil (þú lætr Egil v. öll mál
veðrátta, f. (state of the) weather. fyrir þér); (3) refl., vefjast, to be wrapped
veðr-belgr, m. weather-bag; -blaka, (v. um fœtr e-m) to straggle (hrossin
f. breath of wind; -dagr, m., einn tíma höfðu vafizt í einu lœkjarfari); to be en-
er -dagr var góðr, one fine day; -eygr, tangled (vefjast í áhyggjum).
a. weather-wise; -fall, n. condition (set) veðjar-möttull, m. a costly woven
of the wind; -fastr, a. weather-bound; mantle, cloak; -skikkja, f. a costly woven
-gnýr, m. gust of wind; -góðr, a. with mantle, cloak; -stofa, f. weaving-room.
a mild climate (land -gott); -harðr, a. vefnaðr (gen. -ar), m. weaving, woven

592
vef-nistingar V vegr
stuff. vegg-sleginn, pp. wedge-formed (øx
vef-nistingar, f. pl. sails (poet.). -slegin ok þykk).
vefr (-jar, -ir), m. (1) a web in the vegg-þili, n. wainscoting (veggþili vóru
loom; (2) woven cloth (dýrir vefir). tjölduð með fögrum skjöldum).
veftr, m. (1) woof, weft; (2) cloth. veg-látr, a. stately, high-minded;
vega (veg; vá, vágum; veginn), v. (1) -liga, adv. nobly, magnificently; -ligr,
to lift (hann vegr heyit upp á herðar sé); a. grand, magnificent; -lyndi, n. generos-
v. e-n á bál, to lift one on the funeral fire; ity; -lyndr, a. generous, high-minded;
v. e-n ór skógi, to inlaw one; (2) to weigh -mannligr, a. magnicent; -mensks, f.
(verðum vér at leita at skálum, ok v. noble manners, generosity.
hringinn); fig., skal yðr engi vera traus- veg-móðr, a. tired of the journey.
tari vin, þott þér vegit þat lífit, though ye vegna (að), v. to proceed, go (v. vel, il-
esteem it little; (3) to weigh, be of weikht la); þeim hafði illa vegnat, they had done
(hvert haglkorn vá eyri); (4) to fence, fight badly, had bad luck.
(smite) with a weapon (hann vá svá skjótt vegna, gen. pl. (1) tveggja v., on (from)
með sverði, at þrú þóttu á lopti at sjá); (5) two sides (sœkja þeir nú at honum tveggja
v. at e-m, to attack one, fight against one v.); (2) á (or af) v. e-s, on one’s behalf,
(ungr skal at ungum vega); (6) to gain by also simply, v. e-s, on one’s account or be-
fighting; v. sigr, to gain the victory; v. sigr half, on the part of; minna (várra) v., on
á e-m, to overcome, beat, vanquish; v. til my (our) behalf.
landa, to win land weapon in hand; (7) to veg-nest, n. traveling provisions.
smite, slay, kill; v. mann, v. víg, to slay a vegr (gen. -ar and -s; pl. -ir and -ar,
man; (8) refl., þat sverð, er sjálft mun ve- acc. -u and -a), m. (1) way, road (á vegum
gast, the sword that will fight of itseff; vást úti); (2) fig. phrases, koma e-u til vegar,
meirr á hlut Grikkja, the Greeks lost more to bring about; fara til vegar, to go, proceed
men; recipr., vegast, to slay one another. (ekki mun þér um, at kenna, hversu sem
vega-bót, f. way-mending; -mót, n. pl. til vegar ferr); ganga (koma) til vegar, to
meeting of roads. come to an issue, be decided (gekk þat ok
vegandi (pl. -endr), m. slayer, killer eigi til vegar); gera endiligan veg á máli,
(ef v. beiðir sér griða). to bring it to an issue; venda sínum vegi,
veg-farandi (pl. -endr), m. wayfarer. to wend one’s way; (3) way, mode, manner;
vegg-berg, n., -hamarr, m. steep pre- þessir menn munu sœkja oss með eldi,
cipitous rock. er þeir megu eigi annan veg, if they can-
veg-girni, f. ambition, vanity. not (get at us) in any other way; einn veg,
veggjaðr, pp. walled (veggjaðar ok one way, in the same way; annan veg, oth-
vígskerðar borgir). er-wise (er annan veg en ek hygg); þann
veg-gjarn, a. ambitious, vainglorious veg, thus, in that wise (þetta er ekki þann
(fégjarn ok veggjarn). veg at skilja); hvern veg, how (eigi veit ek
V

veggr (gen. -jar and -s, pl. -ir), m. hvern veg þá mun verða);þótti sinn veg
wall (hlaða vegg); fig., var lágr v. undir hvárum, each of the two had his own opin-
solina, the sun was low above the horizon. ion, they disagreed; á alla vega, in every

593
vegr V veik-dómr
way, manner, respect; á marga vega, in haul; -ferð, f. a fishing or hunting expedi-
many ways; (4) direction; alla vega, in all tion; -för, f. a fishing or hunting expedi-
directions, on all sides (kváðu við lúðrar tion; -gögn, n. pl. fishing- tackle; -horn,
alla vega í braut frá þeim); skjót annan n. hunting-horn; -hundr, m. hound;
veg, in another direction; snúa hverr síns -kona, f. fisher woman, huntress; -ko-
vegar, each his own way, in different di- nungr, m. hunting king, a nickname;
rections; flýja viðs vegar, to flee scattered -ligr, a. promising a good catch; -maðr,
about; (5) side, hand; eins vegar, on one m. hunter, fowler, fisher; -mannligr, a.
side (var eins vegar sjór); á hœgra (vin- hunter-like; -matr, m. meat (food) from
stra) veg e-u, on the right (left) hand of; game or fishing; -mörk, f. hunting-forest.
tvá vega, on two sides. veiðinn, a. expert in fishing or catching
vegr (gen. -s), m. honour, distinction (allra manna veiðnastr).
(er yðr þat v. mikill); til vegs guði, to the veiði-skapr, m. a catch in hunting or
glory of God. fishing; róa at -skap, to row out to fish;
vegr, f. pl. levers, see ‘vög’. munum vér eigi þurfa -skap at kaupa,
veg-sama (að), v. to honour, glorify; to buy fish; -spell, n. spoiling the catch
-samliga, adv. honourably, gloriously (gera -spell); -staða, f. fishing-place,
(taka -samliga við e-m); -samligr, a. glo- hunting-ground; -stóð, f. fishing-place,
rious (-samlig veizla); -semd, f. glory, ho- hunting-ground; -vatn, n. fishing lake;
nour (veita e-m heiðr ok -semd); -skarð, -ván, f. pospect of a catch; -vélar, f. pl.
n. a flaw in one’s honour. traps or devices used in hunting or fishing.
vegs-kona, f. stately lady (A. var -kona veiðr (gen. -ar, dat. and acc. -i; pl.
mikil); -munir, m. pl. honours, credit, -ar), f. hunting fishing, catch (öll v. fugl
fame; -þjónasta, f. honourable service. ok fiska); fara á veiðar, to go out hunting;
veg-tjón, n. discredit; -tylla, f. a í honum. er þó veiðrin meiri, still there is
scrap of honour. bigger game in him.
veg-víss, a. acquainted with the road. veifa (-ða, -t), v. to wave, swing (veifði
veg-þurðr, m. impairment of honour hann Mjöllni morðgjörnum fram); veifði
(vegðurðr eða sœmdarspell). hann rœði, he pulled the oar; refl., veifast
vei, interj. woe, with dat., v. er mér, um lausum hala, to ‘wag a loose tail’, be
woe is me! v. verði yðr, woe to you! free to do as one pleases.
veiða (-dda, -ddr), v. (1) to catch, hunt veifi-skati, m. spendthrift; engi -skati,
(v. rauðdýri, hreina, fugla); v. fisk, to rather close-fisted.
catch fish; (2) to hunt down an enemy; fá veig (pl. -ar), f. (1) strong beverage,
e-n veiddan, to get one hunted down. drink (hann skal drekka dýrar veigar); (2)
veiðar-efni, n. chance of a good catch; pith, strength (fór þat líð aptr, er honum,
-fœri, -tœki, n. hunting-gear, fishing- þótti minni veig í).
gear. veigaðr, a. brocaded (?).
veiði-bráðr, a. eager to make a catch veik-dómr, m. weakness, infirmity;
(vera of -bráðr); -dýr, n. deer, game; -leikr, m. weakness, infirmity; -ligr, a.
-fang, n. catch, haul; -fangi, m. catch, weakly.

594
veikr V veizlu-búnaðr
veikr, a. weak (hornbogi v.). veita (-tta, -ttr), v. to convey, lead
veilindi, n. disease, ailment. (water), with acc. or dat. (v. vatn or vat-
veill, a. (1) ailing, diseased (veill á fó- ni); v. ánni ór enum forna farveg, to di-
tum); (2) wretched. vert the river from its old course; impers.,
veina (að), v. to wail (hann veinaði veitir vatn til sjóvar, the rivers trend to-
mjök, er hann hafði misst konu sína). wards the sea.
veinan, f. wailing (óp ok v.). veita, f. (1) draining; (2) ditch; trench;
veisa, f. pool, pond of stagnant water (3) = veiti-engi.
(var v. ein yfir at fara). veitall, a. giving freely, generous (v. af
veita (-tta, -ttr), v. (1) to grant, give peningum).
(v. e-m líð, hjálp, huggun, grið, trygðir); veitandi (pl. -endr), m. (1) giver; (2)
(2) to help, assist, stand by one (þeir veittu helper, supporter (margir vóru veitendr at
Gizuri hvíta í hverju máli); (3) to grant, málum með þorbirni).
permit (Þ. beiddist at sjá gripina, ok þat veitari, m. giver, donor.
veitti hón henni); v. e-m bœn, to grant veiti-engi, n. a trenched meadow.
one a request; (4) v. veizlu, to give a feast; veiting, f. grant, gift.
v. brúðkaup e-s, to hold a wedding; v. út- veizla, f. (1) grant, gift, allowance; (2)
ferð e-s, to hold a funeral feast; also absol. help, assistance, backing, = lið-veizla; (3)
to give a feast or entertainment (v. stór- feast, banquet (veizlan fór vel fram, ok
mannliga, með inni mestu rausn); (5) to var veitt með miklum kostnaði); (4) the
entertain, treat (konungr veitti reception or entertainment to be given to
sveitungum sínum); (6) to sustain, sup- the Norse king by his landed men (lendir
port an indigent person (síra Hafliði veit- menn) and stewards (ármenn), and to
ti þessi góðu konu allt til dauðadags); (7) the bishop by the priests; the king was
of a performance; v. e-u áhald, to lay hold said to ‘fara at veizlum, taka veizlur’; (5)
on; v. atfór, heimferð at e-m, to make an a royal grant, revenue (fekk konungr hon-
expedition against one; v. e-m atsókn, to um veizlur miklar); hann hafði áðr haft
allack; v. e-m áverka, to inflict a wound alla sýsluna suma at veizlu, en suma at
on; v. e-m eptirför, to pursue one; (8) e- léni, partly as a grant, partly as a fief.
t veitir e-m þungt, erfitt, it proves hard, veizlu-búnaðr, m. preparation for a
difficult for one (Dönum veitti þungt at- feast; -dagr, m. banquet-day; -fall, n.
sóknin); impers., keisaranum veitti failure of a feast; -fé, n. fee, money paid in
þungt, the emperor had the luck against lieu of veizla; -gjald, n. fee, money paid
him; e-t veitir erfitt, it is hard work; Geir- in lieu of veizla; -gørð, f. feast-giving;
mundi veitti betr, G. got the better of it, -höll, f. banqueting-hall; -maðr, m. one
carried the day; (9) to happen (þat veitir sustained, supported by another (E. kveðst
sjaldan, optliga, stundum); (10) recipr., ekki þurfa at vera hans -maðr); -skáli,
veitast at, to back one another (vit Egill m. = -höll; -spjóll, n. pl. the spoiling of
V

munum nú v. at); þeir veittust at öllum a feast (gera -spjóll); -stofa, f. = -höll;
málum, they stood by one another in all -sveinn, m. a lad supported by one;
suits. -taka, f. the receiving of a veizla.

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vekja V velja
vekja (vek; vakta; vakiðr, vaktr, (illt er vin v. þanns þér vel trúir); v. frá
vakinn), v. (1) to waken, rouse from sleep honum sverðit, to get the sword from him
(þorði engi at v. hann); (2) to stir, rouse (by tricks); ek vélta hann ór viti, I wiled
(gør þú eigi þat, son minn, at þú vekir þá, him out of his wit; (2) v. um e-t, to deal
er þeir hafa áðr frá horfit); (3) to cause, with, be busy with; torveldligr um at v.,
begin (v. víg, styrjöld); (4) v. upp, to wak- difficult to deal with.
en, rouse (H. vakti upp alla heimamenn véla-kaup, n. fraudulent bargain;
sína); fig., hann vakti upp tvá boða mik- -lauss, a. guileless; -maðr, m. fraudulent
la; (5) to start (broach) a question (E. vakti or deceitful person; -samliga, adv. guile-
þat mál við Þórólf); v. til e-s (or v. til fully, craflily.
um e-t) við e-n, to raise the question, in- vel-borinn, pp., -burðugr, a. well-
troduce the mention of a thing with one born, noble.
(S. konungr vakti þá til um eyrendi sitt veldi, n. (1) power (með miklu v.); (2)
við Sigurð jarl); (6) to make to flow; v. empire; Dana-veldi, Denmark.
sér blóð, to make one’s blood flow, open a veldis-engill, m. archangel;
vein (nú vekja þeir sér blóð ok láta renna -hringr, m. hale round the head of a
saman dreyra sinn); verjum hendr várar, saint; -stóll, m. throne; -sæti, n.
ef þeir vekja fyrri við oss, if they be the throne; -vöndr, m. sceptre.
first to quarrel with us. vélendi, n. gullet, esophagus.
vekra (að), v. to freshen up, rouse. vélendis-gangr, m. belching.
vel, adv. (1) well (taka v. við e-m); v. í vel-farandi, m., velfarar-minni,
vexti, well-grown, well-shapen; vera v. til n. farewell cup (drekka -faranda, -minni).
e-s, to be kind to one; mér gefr vel at skil- vel-ferð, f. well-doing, welfare; -fer-
ja, I understand quite well; (2) easily (þat ðugr, a. well-behaved, righteous.
mætti v. verða þinn bani); (3) fully, am- vél-fimi, -finni, f. artifice.
ply, largely (v. vegnar fimm merkr); faðir vel-gørð, -gørning, f., -gørningr,
hennar hafði v. fé, plenty of money; inten- m. benefit, goodness (hann þakkaði hon-
sive, with adj.; v. flestir, the most part; um -gørning sinn).
v. mikill, rather great; v. tuttugu menn, velgja (-da, -dr), v. to warm.
twenty and upwards; hundrað manna eða véli, n. birds tail; -fiðri, n. tail-feath-
v. svá, a hundred or fully that. ers; -fjöðr, f. tail-feather.
vél (pl. -ar), f. (1) artifice, craft, device; vélindi, n. pl. tricks (gera e-m v.).
gørva vélar til e-s, to contrive some trick to vélinn, a. wily, guileful.
obtain a thing; við vélar, with artifice, cun- véli-stuttr, a. short-tailed, of a bird.
ningly; draga v. at e-m, beita e-n vélum, velja (vel; valda; valiðr, valdr,
to use guile towards one, deal cunningly valinn), v. to choose, select, pick out (v.
with one; (2) apparatus, machine; vél til e-n til fylgdar við sik); v. um e-t, to choose
at taka fiska, a contrivance to catch fish; between; er gott um at v., there is plenty
vél er menn kalla veðr, an engine that is of choice; eiga um tvá kosti at v., to have
called a battering ram. two alternatives to choose between; v. e-m
véla (-ta, -tr), v. (1) defraud, betray hæðilig (hörð) orð, to speak ignominiously

596
velkja V venja
to (or of) one; hafa valit líð, to have picked v. to roll, tumble over (ultu báðir ofan fyrir
troops; refl., veljast til e-s, to come for- brekkuna); impers., veltr til vanda, it
ward (völdust margir göfgir menn til þes- goes as usual (ok valt til vanda, at bœndr
sar ferðar). flýðu).
velkja (-ta, -tr), v. (1) to toss about velta (-lta, -ltr), v. to roll, set rolling,
(þeir velktu Tuma lengi); impers., velkir with dat. (v. manna búkum frá fótum jar-
e-n í hafi, one is tossed about on the sea; li); impers., því næst velti skipinu, she
refl., velkjast úti, to be tossed about on the capsized; refl., veltast, to turn oneself, re-
sea; (2) to ponder over, consider; hann sér, volve (sól veltist um átta ættir); hestrinn
at eigi mun duga at v. ráðit, to waver, hes- veltist um tólf sinnum, the horse rolled it-
itate; v. e-t fyrir sér, to turn over, revolve, self over; veltast ór konungdómi, jarldó-
a thing in one’s mind. mi, to give up one’s kingdom, earldom
vel-kominn, pp. welcome (biðja e-n ve- (veltist hann þá ór jarldómi ok tók höld-
ra -kominn). srétt).
vell, n. gold; poet. and in compds. velti-ligr, a. rolling (-ligt hjól).
vella (vell; vall, ullum; ollinn), velting (pl. -ar), f. rolling, rotation.
v. (1) to be in a state of ebullition, boil vel-viljaðr, -viljugr, a. benevolent.
(rigndi blóði vellanda); (2) to well up, venda (-nda, -ndr), v. (1) to wend, turn
swarm; v. möðkum, to swarm with worms; (vendi S. aptr herinum); v. sínum vegi, to
ullu út ór ormar, worms swarmed out. wend ones way (hann vendir sínum vegi
vella (-da, -dr), v. to prepare or cook by austr til landsenda); (2) to change, convert
boiling (v. lauk ok grös). (guð vendi því ok sneri til góðs); (3) ab-
vella, f. boiling heat, ebullition. sol., to turn (þeir vendu þá á þat fjall, er
vell-auðigr, a. rich in gold, immensely kallat er Vazfell); v. aptr, to return (vendi
rich (maðr -auðigr). hann aptr sömu leið).
vél-lauss, a. guileless; at -lausu, -laust, venda (að), v. to change, alter (v. siðum
without fraud. sínum).
vell-heitr, a. boiling hot. vendi-liga, adv. (1) carefully (spyrja
vellingr, m. pottage. -liga at e-u); segja -liga frá tíðindum, to
vel-lyndr, a. well-minded; -menning, tell minutely; (2) quite, entirely (svá var
f. good upbringing. -liga upp gengit alit lausafé hans); -ligr,
vél-óttr, a. wily, tricky; -prettr, m. a. careful.
wily tricky; -ráðr, a. wily; -ræði, n. vengi, n. pillow, cushion.
guileful design, deceitful act; -samligr, a. venja (van; vanda; vandr and
guileful (með -samligri flærð); -samr, a. vaninn), v. (1) to accustom (v. e-n e-u
wily. or við e-t) v. hann við íþróttir ok hæver-
vel-setning, f. well-doing, good posi- sku, to teach him, train him in; v. barn af
tion; -spár, a. good at soothsaying (völva brjósti, to wean a child (þá var hann af
V

-spá). brjósti vaninn); (2) to train animals (þar

vél-stuttr, a. short-tailed. keypti Auðunn bjarndýri vel vanit); to ed-
velta (velt; valt, ultum; oltinn), ucate children (var þat almælt, at engi

597
venja V vera
born væri svá vel vanin); (3) v. komur sí- undone, not to do it; (5) to dwell, stay;
nar til e-s, to visit habitually (hann venr hann bað hana vera í búð sinni, he asked
komur sínar til Ormhildar); v. e-t af e-m, her to stay in his booth; hann var á
to unteach one a thing (kostgæfði hann af Höskuldsstöðum um nótt, he passed a
þeim at v. öll úkynni); (4) refl., venjast e- night at H.; (6) with infin., hlymr var at
u, við e-t, to get accustomed to, used to (nú heyra, a clattering was to be heard; þar var
mun ek verða at v. hestinum um hrið; v. at sjá, there was to be seen; v. at gera e-
við íþróttir); with infin. to be wont, used t, to be doing a thing; kvað hann v. at tel-
to (vandist E. optliga at ganga til tals við ja silfr, said he was counting the money;
Egil). denoting necessity, a thing about to hap-
venja, f. custom, habit (þat var v. hans, pen, or to be done; nú er þeim út at gan-
at); at venju, as usual. ga öllum, er leyft er, now all those must
venju-bragð, n. habit; -liga, adv. usu- go out to whom leave is given; er nú eigi
ally; -ligr, usual. Kára at varast, now there is no need to be-
venzl, n. pl. relationship, ties of blood ware of K.; nú er þar til máls at taka, at,
or affinity; fyrir venzla sakir, for kinship’s now it is to be told that; nú er at segja frá
sake. Skamkatli, now we must tell of S.; (7) with
venzla-lauss, a. bound by no ties; a predicate (noun, adj., or adv.); v. ko-
-lausir menn, persons not related, nungr, Jarl, biskup, to be king, earl, bish-
strangers; -maðr, m. kinsman, relation, = op; v. glaðr, sæll, hryggr, ungr, gamall, to
vandamaðr. be glad, happy, sad, young, old; v. vel, illa
veptr, m. woof, = veftr. til e-s, to be well, ill-disposed towards one;
ver, n. (1) station for taking eggs, fish- þat er illa, it is sad; vera spakliga í heraði,
ing, catching seals, &c. (cf. ‘egg-, fiski-, to behave gently; orð kvað þá Vingi þats
sel-, út-ver’); (2) poet. sea; fyrir handan án veri, words which he had better not have
v., beyond the sea. said; (8) impers., e-m er varmt, heitt,
ver (gen. pl. -ja), n. case, cover (verit kalt, one is warm, cold; (9) with past par-
var af guðvefjarpelli). ticiples in passive sense; v. kallaðr, sagðr,
vera (er; var, várum or vórum; ver- tekinn, to be called, said, taken; (10) with
it), v. (1) to be, exist; þeir menn vóru, er, preps., v. af e-u, to be off, out of (v. af
there were men who; (2) to be, happen; þat klæðum); v. at e-u, to be busy at; verk-
var, at hón fór brott, so it was that she menn váru at arningu, they were plough-
went away; en er váraði, var þar búskortr, ing; to be present (þar varstu at); ek var at
there was scarcity in the household; hvat ok vafk, I was about weaving; þeir höfðu
er henni, what is the matter with her! þat verit at þrjú sumur, they had been busy at
var einn dag, at, it happened one day that; it for three summers; v. eptir, to be left, re-
kann (má) v., at, it is possible, it may be main (A. kvazt vilja v. eptir ok hvílast); v.
that; (3) to last; meðan þingit væri, while fyrir, to lead (see ‘fyrir’); v. til, to exist; v.
the Thing lasted; (4) láta e-n v., to leave um, undir, see ‘um, undir’.
one alone (lát mik v. ok ger mér ekki illt); vera, f. (1) stay, sojourn; ef hann á sér
bað hann láta v., begged him to leave it í vá veru, if he has a corner to stay in; (2)

598
veraldar- V verða
comfort (slíkt er válaðs v.). dan verðr víti vörum, the wary man will
veraldar-, gen. from ‘veröld’; -auðœ- seldom make a slip; e-m verðr þörf e-s,
fi, n. pl. worldly riches; -bygð, f. the in- one comes to be in need of; (3) to happen
habited world; -friðr, m. world-peace, to be, occur; í lœk þann, er þar verðr, in
universal peace; -frægr, a. world-famous; the brook that happens to be there; varð
-girnd, f., -glys, n., -góz, n. worldly fyrir þeim fjörðr, they came on a fjord;
desires, toys, goods; -höfðingjar, m. pl. v. á leið e-s, to be on one’s path, happen
the great ones of the world; -klerkr, m. to one; (4) v. brottu, to leave, absent one-
= -prestr; -lán, n. worldly grants; -lif- self (þeir sá þann sinn kost líkastan at
naðr, m. life in this world; -líf, n. life in v. á brottu); v. úti, to go away (verð úti
this world; -lög, n. pl. civil law; -maðr, ok drag ongan spott at oss); to perish in
m. a man of this world, secular person, lay- a storm from cold (sumir urðu úti); þeim
man; -prestr, m. secular priest; -ráð, þótti honum seint heim v., they thought
n. pl. management of worldly affairs; -rí- that he was long in coming home; (5) with
ki, n. worldly rank and power; -ríkr, a. acc. to lose; kváðust okkr hafa orðit bæði,
immensely rich; -sjór, m. the ocean; said that they had lost us both; (6) fol-
-spekingr, m. = -vitringr; -spekt, f. lowed by a noun, adj., pp., adv., as pred-
worldly wisdom; -starf, n. worldly busi- icate, to become; þá verðr þat þinn bani,
ness; -sæla, f. worldly bliss; -válað, n. it will be thy death; v. glaðr, hryggr, reiðr,
wretchedness of the world; -vitringr, m. to become glad, sad, angry; v. dauðr to
philosopher; -vizka, f. secular wisdom, die (áðr Haraldr inn hárfagri yrði dauðr)
worldly knowledge. with participles; ok varð ekki eptir hon-
verald-ligr, a. worldly, secular. um gengit, he was not pursued; verða þeir
veran, f. being, essence (guðlig v.). ekki fundnir, they could not be found; blóð
verð, n. worth, price (galt hann þegar hans varð ekki stöðvat, the blood could
verðit í gulli ok brendu silfri); þetta eru not be staunched; þeim varð litit til hafs,
þrenn verð, three times as much as the they happened to look seaward; impers., e-
thing is worth; halda e-u til verðs, to put m verðr bilt, one is amazed; Kolbeini varð
out for sale; marka v. á e-u, leggja v. í e-t, ekki fyrir, K. lost his head, was paralysed;
to fix the price of, set a value on. with adverbs; hann varð vel við skaða
verða (verð; varð, urðum; orðinn, sinn, he bore his loss well, like a man; jarl
vorðinn), v. (1) to happen, come to pass; varð illa við þetta, the earl was vexed by
ætluðu allir, at þeir myndi tala um mál this; (7) with infin., denoting necessity,
sitt, en þat varð ekki, but it came not to one must, needs, is forced, obliged to do;
pass, it was not so; þá varð óp mikit at þat verðr hverr at vinna, er ætlat er, every
lögbergi, then there arose a great shout one must do the work that is set before him;
at the Lawhill; (2) v. e-m, to happen to, þar er bera verðr til grjót, where stones
befall one (slikt verðr opt ungum mön- have to be carried; verð ek nú flýja, now
V

num); þat varð Skarphéðni, at stökk í I must flee; (8) with preps., v. af e-u, to
sundr skóþvengr hans, it happened to S. come to pass (var um rœtt, at hann skyl-
that his shoe-string snapped asunder; sjal- di leita fara, en eigi varð af); varð ek-

599
verð-aurar V verja
ki af ferðinni, the journey came to nought ga verðar); cf. ‘dag-, náttverðr’.
was given up; verðr þetta af, at hann tekr verðr, a. (1) worth, with gen. (meira
við sveinunum, the end was that at last þykki mér verð vinátta þin); svá þótti
he took the boys; starf ok kostnaðr varð honum mikils um vert, he took it so much
af þessu, trouble and expenses arose from to heart; mikils v., much worth; (2) worthy,
this; livat verðr af e-u, what becomes of; deserving; v. e-s, worthy of (þótti þér hann
hvat varð af húnum mínum, what has be- ekki drápunnar verðr?).
come of my cubs?; v. at e-u, to become (v. verð-skylda (að), v. to deserve; -skyl-
at undri, undrsjónum); veiztu, hvat þér dan, f. merit, desert.
mun v. at bana, knowest thou what will be verðugr, a. (1) worthy (v. e-s); (2) de-
the cause of thy death?; v. at engu, to come served (lofuðu allir guð semverðugt var)
to nothing; v. á, to come on, happen; þvat at verðugu, deservedly.
sem á yrði síðan, whatever might happen verðu-liga, adv. deservedly; -ligr, a.
later on; e-m verðr á, one makes a blunder, deserved.
mistake (þótti þér ekki á v. fyrir honum, verðung, f. poet. king’s men.
er hann náði eigi fénu?); v. eptir, to be ver-fang, n. taking a husband.
left (honum varð þar eptir geit ok hafr); verga (að), v. to soil; refl., vergast, to
v. fyrir e-u, to meet with (v. fyrir goða be soiled (kleði hans verguðust).
reiði); to forebode (v. fyrir stórfundum); ver-gjörn, a. f. mad after men.
v. fyrir e-m, to be in one’s way, as a hin- vergr, a. only in superl.; vinna it ver-
drance (því meira sem oss verðr fyrir, því gasta, to do the dirtiest work.
harðara skulu þér niðr koma); v. í, to hap- verja (ver; varða; variðr, varðr),
pen (tókust nú upp leikar sem ekki hefði v. (1) to defend (v. sik vel ok frœknliga);
í orðit); v. til e-s, to come forth to do a v. landit fyrir e-m, to defend the country
thing, be ready to; en sá er nefndr Her- against one; ek man þó engum hlífa, ef
móðr, er til þeirar farar varð, who under- ek á hendr mínar at v., if I have to fight
took this journey; v. við e-m, to respond to for my life; (2) v. mál, to defend a cause,
(bið ek þik, at þú verðir við mér, þó at en- opp. to sœkja; (3) v. e-t, or v. e-m e-t, to
gi sé verðleiki til). guard a place, hold it against a comer (at
verð-aurar, m. pl. medium of pay- vísu ætla ek at v. þér ríki mitt); Egill varði
ment; value given or received. dyrrnar, E. held the door; v. e-t laga lýri-
verð-gangr, m. begging; -geta, f. en- ti, to forbid by a lawful protest; (4) v. e-u,
tertainment, fare; -gjölf, f. the giving of a to keep away (Birkibeinar vörðu eldinum
meal. ok fengu sløkkt); v. e-m e-u, to withhold
verð-kaup, n. reward; -keyptr, pp. from one; meyjar ástum muna þér verða
purchased; -laun, n. pl. reward; -launa of varið, the maiden’s love shall not be de-
(að), v. to reward; -lauss, a. valueless; nied thee; (5) refl., verjast, to defend one-
-leikr, m. merit, desert; esp. pl., hafa self (þeir vörðust með drengskap); v. e-u,
-leika til e-s, to deserve; eptir -leikum, ac- to defend oneself against (þar mœtti hann
cording to ones deserts; -ligr, a. valuable. finngálkni ok varðist því lengi).
verðr (gen. verðar), m. meal (fá árli- verja (ver; varða; variðr, varðr),

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verja V vermir
v. (1) to wrap, enclose; v. e-n armi, faðmi, verkja (-ti, -t), v. impers. to feel pain,
to fold in one’s arms, embrace; mun ek to smart (eigi er sá heill, er í augun
vexa vel blæju at v. þitt líki, to shroud thy verkir).
body; variðr, mounted, adorned (gulli, sil- verk-kaup, n. wages; -kona, f.
fri, járni variðr); (2) v. sverði, to swing, verkakona; -laun, n. pl. reward.
wield the sword; (3) v. sér til, to exert one- verk-lauss, a. without pain (verkr),
self; en með því at hann varði sér mjök painless (sár verklaus).
til, þá spruttu honum fœtr á jakanum, as verk-ligr, a. active, practical (verkligt
he exerted himself greatly, his feet slipped líf).
on the ice; (4) to invest money, lay out, ex- verklundar-maðr, m. industrious,
pend (hann selr jarðir sínar ok verr fénu hard-working man; Grettir var lítill -maðr,
til útanferðar); vænta ek, at ek hafa þá G. had little mind for work.
vel varit, that I have made a good bargain; verk-maðr, m. workman, labourer;
(5) pp. n., varit; áttu svá til varit of -maðr góðr, a good worker.
menn, at, thou art so well provided with verknaðr (gen. -ar), m. work, bad-
men that; þú átt til þess varit, it is thy na- ness; taka upp verknað, to take to some
ture; e-m er svá varit, at, one is so consti- work; halda verknaði á hendr e-m, to put
tuted that (honum var svá v., at hann var one to work.
undirhyggjumaðr). verk-óði, a. mad with pain (verkr).
verja, f. outer garment, cloak (hann verkr (-jar, -ir), m. pain (hafa verk í
hafði yfir sér verju, saumaða saman af augum).
mörgum tötrum). verk-reki, m. servant (-reki e-s).
verjandi (pl. -endr), m. defendant, verks-háttr, m. working method.
opp. to ‘sœkjandi’. verk-smiðr, m. workman; -smíð, f.
verk, n. (1) work, business; vera á verki, craft, work.
to be at work; (2) a piece of work (v. hefi ek verksmiðar-maðr, m. craftsman (engi
hugat þér); (3) act, deed; Gunnarr sagði var hann -maðr).
Njáli v. þessi, G. told N. of these deeds. verk-stjóri, m. overseer; -stjórn, f.
verka (að), v. to work; v. sér til e-s, to the supervision of work; -þræll, m. work-
deserve by one’s deeds. ing slave.
verka-efni, n. = verkefni; -kaup, n. ver-lauss, a. (1) without a husband; (2)
wages, = verk-kaup; -kona, f. work- without a case or cover (dúnbeðr -lauss);
woman, servant; -laun, n. pl. reward; -liðar, m. pl. men; vinr -liða, friend of
-lýðr, m. work people; -maðr, m. = men, Thor.
verk-maðr; -nauð, f. heavy task. verma (-da, -dr), v. to warm (Egill fór
verk-dagr, m. work-day; -efni, n. til elds at v. sik).
work to be done, task; -fákr, m. = -hestr; ver-maðr, m. fisherman at an outlying
-fœri, n. implement, tool; -fœrr, a. able station (ver).
V

to work; -hestr, m. work-horse, cart- vermi, m. warmth (hafa verma af eld-

horse. inum; leita sér verma).
verki, m. verse-making. vermir, m. = vermi.

601
Vermir V vesal-látr
vermir, m. pl. the men from Vermaland, to the call.
in Sweden. verpill (pl. verplar), m. (1) die (kas-
vermakr, a. from Vermaland. ta verplum til fjár sér); (2) cask (sumr
vermsl, n. pl. never-freezing spring. drykkr var í verplum).
verna (að), v. to protect, defend (rare). verpils-tala, f. cubic number.
vernd, f. (1) protection (veita e-m v.); verpla-kast, n. cast (throw) of dice.
(2) a point for the defence, = vörn (en í verr (-s, -ar), m. (1) sing. husband (vil-
máli vóru engar verndir); (3) = verndan; di hón ver sínum vinna ofrhefndir); (2)
eiga v. á at gera e-t, to have a right, title to pl., verar, men (þú ert æ vísastr vera).
do a thing. verr, adv. compar. worse; vánu v.,
vernda (að), v. (1) to protect; (2) excuse worse than expected; verst, superl. worst
(v. sik e-u). (þykki mér þat verst).
verndan, f. excuse, subterfuge. verr-féðrungr, m. a person worse
verndari, m. protector, defender. than his father.
verpa (verp; varp, urpum; orpinn), verri, a. compar. worse; verstr, su-
v. (1) to throw, with dat. (hann varp af sér perl. worst.
skildinum); hestrinn féll ok varp honum vers, n. verse; Maríu v., Ave Maria.
af baki, threw him off; hann verpr sér í versa (að), v. (1) to put into verse (v.
söðulinn, he throws himself into the sad- sögu); (2) to make verse.
dle; v. af sér klæðum, to throw off the versa-bók, f. a book in verse, poem;
clothes; v. mœðiliga öndinni, to draw a -gørð, f. verse-making.
deep sigh; v. orðum (or orði) á e-n, to versna or vesna (að), v. to get worse
address (þessi varp orðum á konung ok (hlutr e-s versnar).
spurði); væntir mik þess, at margir verpi ver-sæl, a. f. happy in one’s husband;
þar góðum orðum á mik, that many men -þjóð, f. mankind, men.
will have good words to say of me; v. e-n veröld (gen. -aldar, pl. -aldir), f. (1)
inni, to shut one in; impers. to be thrown; world; (2) age.
þar varp út údaun miklum, a great stench vesa, v. to be, = vera.
came out; (2) v. á, to guess at, calculate vesala (að), v. to make wretched.
(verpa menn svá á, at latizt hafi níu vesaldar-, genitive from ‘vesöld’; -au-
menn); (3) to lay eggs (= v. eggjum); (4) ki, m. increase of wretchedness; -maðr,
to cast up (v. haug eptir fornum sið); þeir m. destitute person.
urpu haug eptir Gunnar, they raised a vesalingr (-s, -ar), m. = veslingr.
mound over G.; v. aptr hauginn, to shut vesall (vesöl or vesul, vesalt, pl.
the cairn; v. vef, to warp a web (sá er or- vesalir or veslir), a. (1) poor, destitute,
pinn vefr ýta þörmum); (5) pp., orpinn; wretched (vesöl arfasáta); (2) with gen.
sandi o., covered with sand; aldri o., bent wretched in respect of (vesöl eru vér ko-
with age; uppi o. fyrir e-m, quite over- nungs).
whelmed, at one’s mercy; (6) refl., urpust vesal-látr, a. shabby; -liga, adv. mis-
flestir vel við orðsending Danakonungs, erably; -ligr, a. wretched, wretched-look-
they turned a favourable ear to, responded ing; -mannligr, a. = -ligr; -menni, n.

602
vesast V vetrar-braut
paltry person; -menska, f. stinginess, vestr, n. (1) the west (frá vestri ok til
shabbiness. norðrs); sá ek fugl fljúga ór vestri, from
vesast (að), v. refl., to be wretched and the west; (2) adv. westwards, west, towards
uncomfortable (Austmenn vesuðust illa). the west (hvert sinn er þá ríðr v. eða ves-
veski, n. bag, knapsack. tan); þykki þér eigi gott v. þar, there in
vé-skóp, n. pl. holy ordinances. the west; sigla v. um haf, to sail westwards
vesl, n. a kind of cloak. over the sea, to the British Isles.
vesla (að), v. to make wretched; refl., vestr-ferð, f. a journey to the west;
veslast, to grow wretched, poor. -för, f. a journey to the west; -hálfa, f.
veslingr (-s, -ar), m. a poor, puny per- the western part or region; -heruð, n. pl.
son, wretch (hvat myndi v. þessi varða the western districts (of Iceland).
mér bátinn). vestri, a. compar. more westerly (v.
veslings-maðr, m. = veslingr. bygð); vestastr, superl. most westerly (lig-
veslugr, a. poor, wretched (fátœkr ok gja þessi lönd vestust).
veslugr landskapr). vestr-lönd, n. pl. (1) the British Isles;
vesning, f. being, essence. (2) the Occident.
vestan, adv. (1) from the west (ríðu vestr-sveitir, f. pl. the western dis-
síðan hina sömu leið vestr, sem þeir tricts (of Iceland); -vegr, m. the ‘western
hófðu v. riðit); v. um haf, ‘from west over way’, i. e. the British Isles (herja í -veg);
the sea’, from the British Islands; (2) on the -víking, f. a freebooting expedition to the
western side of, with gen. (v. bœjar); fyrir West (Vestrlönd); -ætt, f. the western
v., west of, with acc. (fyrir v. vötnin). quarter, of the heavens (líta í -ætt).
vestan-ferð, f. journey from the vest-rœna, f. westerly wind; -rœnn, a.
west; -maðr, m. a man from the west; westerly (vindar -rœnir).
-veðr, n. west wind; -verðr, a. western, vesæla, v. = vesala.
westerly (hit þriðja bú átti hann við sjóinn vesæll, a. = vesall.
á -verðum Mýrum); -vindr, m. west vesöld (gen. -aldar), f. misery,
wind. wretchedness.
vestarr, adv. compar. more to the west vetlingr, m. glove (cf. ‘vöttr’).
(eigi v. en í Hrútafjörð). vetr (gen. vetrar, pl. vetr), m. (1)
vestar-liga, adv. toward the west. winter; miðr v., midwinter; í v., this win-
vestastr, a. superl., see ‘vestri’. ter; v. verðr mikill, the winter becomes
vest-firðingar, m. pl. the men from cold, severe; á vetri, í vetri, last winter;
the West-fjords (Vestfirðir), in Iceland. (2) year (sextán vetra gamall); tíu vetrum
vest-firðis, adv. in the west of a fjord; síðarr, ten years later.
-firzka, L a custom in the West-fjords; vetra (að), v. to become winter; líðr
-firzkr, a. from the West-fjords. fram haustinu ok tekr at v., the winter be-
vest-fyldir, m. pl. men from the Norse gan to set in, it became wintry.
V

district Vestfold; -maðr, m. a man from vetrar-braut, f. winter-road; -dagr,

the West, one from the British Isles, esp. m. winter-day; á -dag, in the winter; -far,
from Ireland, opp. to ‘Austmaðr’. n. the course (character) of winter (sagði

603
vetra-tal V við
hón mönnum forlög sin ok -far ok aðra niðr v. steininum, he dashed his head
hluti); -langt, adv. during winter, against the stone; hús liggja v. velli, the
throughout the winter; -megn, n. the houses lie in ruins; kasta sér niðr v. velli,
severest part (the depth) of winter; -nauð, to cast oneself down on the ground; er inn
f. severe winter; -ríki, n. = vetrar-nauð (- efri kjöptr v. himni, en inn neðri við
ríki var mikit); -tíð, f. winter-tide; -tími, jörðu, the upper jaw touches the heaven,
m. winter-time. the lower the earth; hann hjó hann upp
vetra-tal, n. number of winters, years v. garðinum, he smote him close by the
(fyrr rosknir at afli en -tali). fence; skera af sér strenginn við øxinni,
vetr-beit, f. winter pasture; -björg, f. to cut the string, asunder against the axe;
winter provender; -gamall, a. a year old (2) against, towards, of direction; horfa
(-gamalt lamb); -gata, f. winter-road; v. e-m, to look towards, face; (3) along
-gemlingr, m. a sheep a winter old; with (hann hafði marga smiðu v. sér); (4)
-gestr, m. winter guest; -grið, n. win- with, of an instrument (jarl hljóp upp v.
ter-stay, winter-quarters (bjóða e-m -grið); sverði); (5) among; gengu síðan í sæti sin
-hagi, m. winter pasture; -hringr, m. v. öðrum mönnum, among other men; (6)
the milky way; -hús, n. pl. winter houses, denoting barter, exchange, against, for
opp. to ‘sel’; -langt, adv. = vetrarlangt; (geta gull v. grjóti); (7) denoting remedy,
-líti, m. one who has passed a winter, against (hjálpa e-m v. e-u); (8) against,
‘winter-old’ bear; -ligr, a. wintry; -lægr, denoting contest, warding off (hafa
a. lying up in harbour for the winter. liðsafla v. e-m); hafa (viz. afl) v. e-m, to
vetrnátta-helgr, f. the first Sunday be one’s match; (9) ellipt. usages; stinga
in the winter-season; -skeið, n. the season v. fótum, to stop; hrífa v., to catch hold;
when winter sets in. búast v., to make oneself ready; risa v., to
vetr-nætr, f. pl. the winter nights (the withstand; hvatz hann fiðr v., whatsoev-
three days which begin the winter sea- er he may object; II. with acc. (1) by, at,
son); -seta, f. winter quarters; -taka, f. close to (sníða skeggit við hökuna); skjöl-
taking a winter-guest. dr við skjöld, shield to shield; v. Sand-
vetrtaks-, or vetrtöku-maðr, m. hólaferju, at Sandholferry; v. veginn, by
winter-guest. the wayside; v. ána, by the river; draga segl
vetrungr (-s, -ar), m. an animal one v. hún, to hoist the sail to the top; festa
winter old, yearling, esp. a calf. e-n v. meið, tré, to fasten to a pole, tree;
vetr-veðr, n. winter weather; -vist, f. binda v. fót e-s, to bind up a broken leg;
winter abode, winter quarter. dró upp flóka v. austr, in the east; (2)
vett, n. lid of a chest, see ‘vætt’. of time, towards, at; v. solar-setr, at sun-
vett-fangr, -rim, -vangr, see vætt-, set; v. sól, with the sun, at sunrise; v. ap-
etc.; vettugi, see vættugi. tan, towards evening; vera v. aldr, to be
véurr, m. holy warder. stricken in years; (3) at, by (vera heima
vexa (-ta, -tr), v. to rub with wax. v. bú sitt); Hrútr var v. skip um sumarit,
við or viðr, prep. with dat. and acc.; H. stayed by his ship during the summer;
I. with dat. (1) against; hann sló honum sitja v. stýri, to sit at the rudder; styðja

604
við V við-fang
sik v. e-t, to lean on; ganga v. staf, to -flaki, m. hurdle (scaffolding) of wood;
walk with a staff; vera v. e-t, to be pre- -föng, n. pl. wood-stores; -hlass, n. load
sent at; sitja v. drykk, to sit at drink; (4) of wood; -högg, n. wood-cutting; -lauf,
denoting direction; í sýn v. bœinn, with- n. wood-leaves; -mark, n. mark on a tree;
in sight of the town; (5) denoting compa- -rif, n. the right of taking faggots; -rót,
ny, with (bauð þeim heim vill alla sína f. root of a tree; -runnr, m. grove; -taka,
menn); v. annan, þriðja, fjórða mann, be- f. wood-pilfering; -tág, f. tough root;
ing two, three, four altogether; (6) towards -tálga, f. wood-cutting; -teinungr, m.
(a person or thing), respecting, regarding wand; -val, n. picked wood; -verk, n.
(mildr, blíðr, góðr v. e-n); til gæzlu v. e- wood-work; -vöxtr, m. young plantation,
n: for keeping, watching one; hræddr v. e- brushwood; -øx, f. wood-axe.
n, afraid of one; (7) of cause, by, at; falla viða-val, n. selection of timber.
v. högg, to fall by a stroke; sigla v. stjör- við-band, n. withy-band.
nuljós, to sail by starlight; verða reiðr v. við-bára, f. objection, pretext; -bein,
e-t, to become wroth at; (8) as compared -beina, n. collar-bone; -bit, n. butter.
with, set off against (þrjóta mun okkr ill- við-bitull, m. withy-bridle.
sku v. þik); eigi minna virðr en v. ko- við-bjóðr, m. disgust, dislike (mér er
nunginn, of equal worth with the king; (9) -bjóðr við e-u, um e-ð).
according to, after (gera klæði v. vöxt e- við-björn, m. wood-bear, black bear.
s); v. sik, in proportion; hann var skapaðr við-bland, n. admixture (taka -bland af
allr v. sik, well shaped, symmetrical; vita, e-u).
hvat v. sik væri, to know what was the mat- við-borði, m. the broadside turned to-
ter; (10) denoting means, with, by (v. þes- wards the enemy; vera (hafa sik) á borða,
sar fortölur); tendra eld v. e-t, to make to be broadside on, in an an opposed posi-
fire by; (11) ellipt. usages; bregða við, to tion.
start; hann þagði v., he remained silent; fá við-bragð, n. (1) quick movement, start;
v. þrjú skip, to add three ships; þurfa v., skjótligr í -bragði, on the alert; seinligr
to need; bjarga, hjálpa e-u v., to help, put í -bragði, slow in his movements; bregða
right; koma e-u við, to bring about. engum -brögðum, to make no starts, not
við (gen. -jar, pl. -jar), f. withy, withe; to stir; (2) look, countenance, outward ap-
collar (viðjar af gulli). pearance (skolbrúnn ok nökkut grimmli-
viða (að), v. to furnish wood. gr í -bragði); -brekt, a. n. steep, uphill,
viða, f. (1) mast (lét hann reisa viðuna opp. to ‘forbrekkis’ (var -brekt at ríða at
ok draga seglit); láta skip renna at (or á) bœnum); -búnaðr, m., -búningr, m.
viðum, to let the ship run under bare poles; preparation; hafa -búnað, -buning, to get
(2) a high deck or bridge, amidships on oneself ready.
ships of war (Sverrir konungr hljóp upp á við-fall, n. (1) the lowering of a mast
viðuna). (viðr); (2) prosperous issue (væntir mik, at
V

viðan, f. cutting and fetching wood. eigi fái þeir -fall þaðan af); ná øngu -falli,
viðar-bulungr, m., -byrðr, f., to come to no conclusion.
-fang, n. a pile, burden, armful of wood; við-fang, n. (1) dealing with; góðr,

605
viðfanga-laust V viðr-lífi
harðr, illr -fangs, good, hard, bad to deal tree (hann sá einn íkorna í viðum uppi);
with; (2) pl., -föng, stores, provisions (en (2) forest, wood; sól gengr til viðar, the
er þat þrýtr, þá mun illt til -fanga). sun sets; (3) felled trees, timber (nú vil ek
viðfanga-laust, a. n. without provi- at þú takir mjöl ok við); (4) mast.
sions. viðra (að), v. (1) to blow, be such and
við-fellinn, a. pliant, complaisant (ve- such, of the weather; fjöld um viðrir (=
ra -fellinn við e-n); -för, f. treatment viðrar) á fimm dögum, the weather often
(hafa verri -farar); -ganga, f. confession changes in five days; (2) to snuffle, scent
(-ganga synda). (refkeilan viðraði í allar ættir).
viðgørðar-mikill, a. requiring great viðr-auki, m. augmentation, addition;
efforts, dangerous (veðr var hvasst ok -borði, m. = viðborði; -búnaðr, -bún-
-mikit). ingr, m. = viðbúnaðr, viðbúningr;
við-gørningr, m. treatment (góðr -eign, f. (1) dealing with, intercourse; illr,
-gørningr); -hjálp, f. help, support. harðr -eignar, hard to deal with, ill to man-
við-högg, n. wood-cutting. age; (2) encounter (-eign Sigmundar ok
viði-hæll, m., see ‘víði-hæll’. Haralds).
viðja, f. withy, = við. við-reki, m. drift of wood.
við-kenning, f. (1) an additional ken- við-rétta, f. redress, compensation.
ning; (2) acknowledgement (koma til -ken- viðr-föng, n. pl. = viðfang 2; -ganga,
ningar sannleiksins); -koma, f. touch; f. (1) resistance; (2) = viðganga; -hend-
-kvað, n. = -kveð; -kváma, f. = -koma; ing, f. ‘after-rhyme’, the latter rhyme-syl-
-kveð, n. scream, yell, shriek; -kœmili- lable in a verse-line; -hjal, n. conversa-
ga, adv. becomingly. tion, talk; -hjálp, f. help, assistance.
við-köstr, m. pile of wood. -viðri, n. weather; in compds., haf-,
við-lagning, f. addition; -látinn, pp. heið-, hvass-, land-, vit-viðri, &c.
prepared, ready (kvezt eigi mundu í annat viðr-jafna (að), v. to compare (e-t e-
sinn betr -látinn); -látinn at greiða, ready u); -kenning, f. = viðkenning; -komn-
to pay; nú er svá -látit, at, now things ing, f. compunction; -kveð, n. = viðkveð;
stand so that; -leitinn, a. trying to do -kvæmiliga, a. becomingly; -kvæmili-
one’s best, endeavouring (viðleitinn um al- gr, a. becoming; -kœmiligr, a. becom-
lar íþróttir); -leitni, f. endeavour, at- ing; -lifnaðr, m. means of sustenance;
tempt; -lífi, n. behaviour, conduct; -líkr, -lit, n. (1) a looking towards; (2) look,
a. similar; -lögur, f. pl. fines, = viðrlög countenance (Hornbogi var í viðrliti
(miklar viðlögur við manns aftak); bjartlitaðr).
-mæli, n. (1) conversation, interview (vei- viðrlita-mikill, a. big to behold.
ta e-m -mæli); góðr, blíðr -mælis, affable; viðr-lífi, n. = -lifnaðr; -líking, f.
(2) agreement (þótti honum eigi haldizt comparison, imitation; -líkjast (t), v. re-
hafa -mæli þeira); -nám, n. resistance fl. to imitate, with dat.; -líkr, a. similar,
(veita -nám). = viðlíkr; -lægr, a. near; var þá -lægt,
viðr, prep. with dat. and acc. = við. at, it was on the verge; -lög, n. pl. fine,
viðr (gen. -ar; pl. -ir, acc. -u), m. (1) penalty; -lögur, f. pl. = -lög; -mæli, n.

606
viðr-sjön V vil
conversation, talking together; -nám, n. -stöðu); -sýnd, f. = viðrsýn, viðrsjön;
resistance, = viðnám; -nefni, n. surname; -sœmandi, pr. p. beseeming; -sœming,
-orð, n. adverb; -rœða, f. = viðrœða. f. respects, homage (veita e-m -sœming);
viðr-sjön, f. a warning, a thing to be hœgr -sœmingar, easy to get on with;
shunned; -skipti, n. = viðskipti; -sko- -taka, f. (1) reception, receiving hann
tull, a. taunting; -slag, n. the parrying fekk þar enga -tóku, he was rejected; veita
of a blow; -sýn, -sýnd, f. = -sjön; -taka, konungi -töku, to receive the thing; (2)
f. = viðtaka; -tal, n. conversation; -ta- pl., esp. hospitalily; vera góðr -takna, to
lan, f. talking together; -tekt, f. recep- be a good host; fá góðar -tökur, to be well
tion, receiving; hafa -tektir góðar, to be received; (3) resistance, = viðrtaka (var
well received; -tœkiligr, a. susceptible, þar lítil -taka); -takandi, m. receiver;
acceptable; -vera, f. presence; -verandi, -tal, n. conversation, = viðrtal; -tekja,
pr. p. present; -vist, f. (1) presence; (2) f. reception (fá góðar -tekjur); -tekt, f. =
means of sustenance (öll önnur skepna var viðrtekt; -tœkiligr, a. agreeable.
skópuð manninum til -vistar); -væri, n. viðtöku-maðr, m. receiver.
= viðrvist (2). við-varan, f. warning; -varnam, f. ab-
við-rœða, f. conversation, talk. stinence from (-varnan fœzlu); -vindill,
við-sjá (pl. -sjár), f. a shunning, wari- m. woodbine; -væri, n. = viðrværi;
ness (vóru þá miklar dylgjur ok -sjár með -vörun, f. = -varan.
þeim); gjalda (veita) -sjá, to be on one’s vigg, n. poet. horse, steed.
guard; hann gerði at -sjám at finna hann, vigr (pl. vigrar), f. poet. spear.
he shunned him deliberately; -sjáll, a. on vika (gen. pl. vikna), f. (1) week; nú lí-
one’s guard against (við e-u). fa sumarit til átta vikna, till it was eight
viðsjá-, or viðsjár-maðr, m. a person weeks to winter; hin helga v., Holy-week
to be on one’s guard against, to be shunned; (after Whitsun); efsta v., the last week of
-verðr, a. worth being on one’s guard Lent, Passion-week; (2) sea-mile, = vika
against. sjóvar, v. sævar (Ólafseyjar liggja út á
við-skipti, n. (1) dealings; illr, hœgr, firðinum hálfa aðra viku undan Reyk-
góðr -skiptis, ill, easy, good to deal with; janesi).
(2) plur. hostile intercourse (segir honum vikna (að), v. to give way (v. fyrir, v.
frá -skiptum þeira Ásgríms); (3) sexual við); of ranks in battle, in wrestling (gekk
intercourse (eiga -skipti við karlmenn). L. svá fast fram, at þeir viknuðu fyrir
viðskota-illr, a. malicious. Skotarnir).
við-skraf, n. talk, chat. vikóttr, a. bald on the forehead above
við-smjör, n. ‘wood-butter’, (olive) oil the temples (bleikr á hár ok v. snemma).
(smurðr helgu -smjöri). vikr, f. pumice-stone (fló v. mikil á
viðsmjörs-horn, -ker, n., -ketill, bœinn í Næfrholt).
m. a horn, vessel, of oil; -kvistr, m. olive vil (gen. vilja), n. pl. entrails.
V

branch; -tré, n. olive free. vil, n. (1) desire, lust (dul ok v.); (2) í
við-spell, -spjall, n. conversation; v. e-m, at one’s will, to one’s liking (ráða
-staða, f. resistance (fekk hann enga drauma í v. e-m).

607
vil-björg V villa
vil-björg, f. good help. wilt thou that I shall go to the islands; (2)
vild, f. (1) will, liking (eptir várri v.); (2) with acc. to wish, want (eigi vil ek þessa);
favour (fyrir vildar sakir við lýðinn). hvat vilt þú honum, what dost thou want
vildar-fólk, n. the chosen people; with him?; v. hverjum manni gott, to wish
-klæði, n. pl. the best clothes, state robes; good to everybody; v. heldr, to prefer (viltu
-lið, n. the best men, favourites; -maðr, heldr dóminn?); (3) impers., var sigit inn
m. a distinguished man, favourite (konun- eptir firðinum svá sem vera vildi, as best
gr ok mart -manna); -mær, f. favourite might be, at random; þá er vel vildi, when
maid, maid of honour. the luck was fair; (4) v. e-m, to favour one
vildis-lýðr, m. the best men, = vildar- (þat er ván, at þér mundi sœmdin v.); (5)
lið; -maðr, m. = vildarmaðr. v. til, to happen (ef þat á. til at v.); (6) re-
vildr (compar. vildri or vildari, su- fl., þeir viljast eigi við oss, they bear no
perl. vilztr or vildastr), a. (1) agree- good will towards us.
able (era sá vinr öðrum, er vilt eitt segir); viljaðr, a. (1) willing, inclined; nú væra
(2) good, choice, esp. in compar. and su- ek á þat v. at, I should like to; skal ek eigi
perl. better, best; honum var ekki vildara vera verr v. en hann, I shall not be less
af ván, he expected nothing better; vildra eager (less ready) than he; (2) intentioned,
sverð, better sword. disposed (at drottning mundi miklu verr
vil-gali, m. flattery, = fagrgali. viljuð); vera e-m vel v., well disposed to-
vilgi, adv. (1) very; v. mjök, very much wards one; e-m er lítt viljat til e-s, one
(hann kvíddi engu v. mjök); (2) by no does not like a person; játta því nökkuru,
means, not at all (hann vissi þat v. görla). er þeim væri eigi vel viljat, not to their lik-
vilgis, adv. very, = vilgi (v. opt.). ing.
vil-hallr, a. partial; segja -hallt, to vilja-góðr, a. well disposed; -lauss, a.
give a partial, unfair report (liðsmenn seg- joyless; -leysa, f., -leysi, n. want of will;
ja opt -hallt, ok segja þat, er þeir vildi at -ligr, a. voluntary.
væri). viljan-liga, adv. willingly; -ligr, a.
vili (gen. vilja), m. (1) will, wish, de- willing.
sire (sigrsæll er góðr v.); (2) disposition, viljari, a. compar., viljastr, a. su-
mind (vera e-m með góðum vilja); (3) de- perl. = vildari, vildastr, see ‘vildr’.
light, joy; vanr vilja, joyless. viljug-liga, adv. readily.
vili-sess, m. pleasant seat (?). viljugr, a. (1) willing, ready (v. til e-s);
vilja (vil, vilda, viljat), v. (1) to will, (2) to one’s liking (hvárt sem henni væri
wish, with infin. (nú vil ek spyrja yðr); þat viljugt eða miðr).
Austmaðr kvazt vildu (pret. infin.) fyrir vilkit, a. n., poet. not good, dismal.
hafa land, the Easterling said he wished to villa, f. (1) error, falsehood; (2) heresy;
have land for (the ship); with the infin. left (3) delusion.
out or understood; vildi Aðalráðr hann ek- villa (-ta, -tr), v. (1) to lead astray
ki þar, A. wished him not (to be) there; hón (nótt hefir mik villt); ok er svá villt fyrir
vildi hann feigan, she wished him dead; mér, at, I am so bewildered that; (2) to fal-
with subj., viltu, at ek fara til eyjanna, sify, counterfeit (v. heimildir á. fé); villtar

608
villi-bráð V vinda
rúnar, dark, obscure runes; rísta (rúnar) m. way of error.
villt, to mis-write, write wrong; v. leitina vil-mál, -mæli, n. kind word, word of
fyrir e-m, to confound the search, put one good will (hafa -mæli við e-n); -mæltr,
on a wrong scent; (3) refl., villast, to go pp. speaking to one’s liking (vera -mæltr e-
astray, lose one’s way (hafði hann villzt m).
ok snúizt frá guði); with gen., nú vill- vilna (að), v. (1) to make concession to,
tust þeir vegar, now they lost the road; favour one (þau ein kaup höfðu þeir við
villtust hundarnir farsins, the hounds lost átzt, at þeim var eigi vilnat í); (2) refl.,
the track; þeim öllum villtist sýn, at engi vilnast e-s, to hope for, wish for, a thing
þeira mátti finna hann, they were all so (vilnaðist bann jafnan guðs miskunnar).
bewildered that none of them could find vilnaðr (gen. -ar), m. (1) joy, comfort;
him. (2) hope.
villi-bráð, f. venison; -dýr, n. wild vilnan, f. = vilnaðr; iðrast með v., to
beast; -eldr, m. wild-fire; -fygli, n. wild repent with hope.
fowl; -fœrr, a. bewildering, difficult to vilt, a. n. from ‘vildr’ and ‘villr’.
find the way (var þeim -fœrt til bœjarins); vimpill, m. ‘wimple’, veil.
-graðungr, m. wild bull; -göltr, m. vin (gen. -jar), f. meadow.
wild boar; -ráða, a. indecl. bewildered; vin, m. friend, = vinr.
-sauðr, m. wild sheep; -skógr, m. wild vina, f. female friend.
forest; -ský, n. bewildering cloud; -stígr, vina-boð, n. feast of friends; -fundr,
m. wild false path; -svin, n. wild boar. m. meeting of friends; -skipti, n. change
villr, a. (1) wild, false (hverfa af villum of friends; -styrkr, m. strength, backing
götum); (2) bewildered, erring, astray; of friends; -vandr, a. particular as to
fara v., fara villt, to go astray (hann fór friends; -veizla, f. = -boð.
v. um stórar merkr ok úkunnar); (3) per- vinátta, f. friendship (binda, halda,
plexed, uncertain (þeir urðu villir á hvára vináttu við e-n).
hönd þeim sjór skyldi liggja); with gen., vinátta-boð, n. friendly offer, offer of
fara v. vegar, to go astray. friendship; -bragð, n. friendly turn;
villu-átrúnaðr, m. false belief, unbe- -heit, n. promise of friendship; -kveðja,
lief; -biskup, m. false bishop; -bönd, n. f. friendly greeting; -mark, n. token of
pl. bonds of error; -dómr, m. error; friendship; -mál, n. message, intercourse,
-draumr, m. false dream; -dýr, n. = vil- of friendship; -merki, n. = -mark; -sam-
lidýr; -efni, n. cause of error; -fullr, a. ligr, a. friendly, amicable.
erroneous; -gata, f. wrong path; -karl, vin-bein, n. collar-bone, = viðbein
m. = -maðr; -kast, n. wrong throw; (lestist vinbein hans).
-keisari, m. false (heretic) emperor; vinda (vind; vatt, undum; undinn),
-lauss, a. free from error, orthodox; v. (1) to twist, wring, squeeze; v. klæði sín,
-maðr, m. heretic; -nótt, f. night of er- to wring one’s wet clothes; v. sik = v. kleði
V

ror; -samligr, -samr, a. erroneous, false; sín (vóru allir vátir ok tóku at v. sik); v.
-spámaðr, m. false prophet; -stígr, m. = e-t sundr, to break, snap asunder (hann
villistígr; -trú, f. unbelief, heresy; -vegr, vatt ljáinn í sundr milli handa sér); (2) to

609
vinda V vin-gjarnliga
wind, twist; v. vef, to wind the woof; þær -lítill, a. light of wind, calm (veðr vóru
ór sandi síma undu, they wound a rope out vindlítil).
of sand; (3) to wind, hoist up by means of vindr (-s or -ar), m. (1) wind; v. var
a ‘vindáss’; v. segl, to hoist sail (þeir un- á norðan, it blew from the North; (2) air
du segl sín.); v. upp akkeri, to weigh an- (gekk svá milli úvina sinna náliga sem
chor; vindum af ræfrit af skálanum, let hann œði vind).
us pull the roof off the hall; (4) to turn, vindr, m. winding-stairs.
swing; höfði vatt þá Gunnarr ok Högna til vindr (vind, vint), a. awry.
sagði, G. turned his head and spoke to H.; vindr, m. pl. the Wends.
v. eldskíðu í næfrarnar, to hurl a burning vinds-blær, m. = vindblær; -bylr, m.
brand on the roof; vindr upp sjóðnum, he gust of wind; -fullr, a. = vind-fullr;
suddenly lifted up the money-bag; (5) refl., -gnýr, m. squall of wind.
vindast, to make a sudden movement, turn vind-skeið, f. barge-board.
oneself quickly; pres. ‘vizt’ (í því kemr vind-stœði, n. the direction of the
Þorgerðr inn, ok vizt Helgi við fast ok wind; -svalr, a. = -kaldr.
fellr ofan af þilinu). vindugr, a. exposed to the wind (ek
vinda, f. hank of yarn. hekk vin[d]ga meiði á).
vinda-brú, f. draw-bridge. vind-verska, f. the Wendish language;
vindandi, f. the use of v (vend) before r, -verskr, a. Wendish.
as in v-rangr, v-reiðr. vind-þrotinn, pp. short of wind;
vind-auga, n. window, = vind-gluggr. -þurr, a. wind-dry, air-dried (viðr -þurr);
vind-áss, m. winding-pole, windlass -æðar, f. pl. ‘wind-veins’, the arteries;
(þeir undu með -ásum). -öld, f. ‘wind-age’, a time of tempests.
vind-belgr, m. wind-bag, bellows; vin-fastr, a. steadfast as a friend;
-blaka, f. wind-flow, breeze; -blásinn, -fengi, n. friendship; -festi, f. steadfast-
pp. distended by the wind; -blástr, m. ness in friendship.
wind-blast; -blær, m. light air, breath; vingaðr, pp. standing in friendly rela-
-fullr, a. windy; -gluggr, m. window; tions (vel var Sveinn jarl v. við lenda
-gul, n. air, wind. breeze; -heimr, m. menn).
world of the winds the air; -hjálmr, m. vingan, f. friendliness, friendship.
‘wind helmet’, the sky. vinganar-heit, n. pl., -mál, n. pl.,
vindingr, m. strips of cloth for winding -orð, n. pl., -svipr, m. promise, asser-
round the leg. tions, words, look of friendship.
vind-kaldr, a. wind-cold. vingast (að), v. to make friends; v. við
vindla (að), v. to wind up (v. ull). e-n, til e-s, to enter into friendship, or
vind-land, n. the land of the Wends. friendly relations, with a person.
vind-lauss, a. windless, calm (veðr var vin-gjarnliga, adv. friendly, kindly;
-laust A sjákyrt). -gjarnligr, a. friendly, kind; -gjöf, f.
vind-lenzkr, a. Wendish. friendly gift; -góðr, a. kind towards one’s
vindli, m. wisp (fjúka sem v.). friends; neut. -gott, friendliness (heldr vil
vind-ligr, a. windy (veðr var -ligt); ek gjalda féit, ok mun -gott í móti koma);

610
vingull V vinna
-gott var með þeim, they were good (v. aptr þat ríki, er látit er); (7) to over-
friends; eiga -gott við e-n, to be good come, master, get the better of (þeir ætla,
friends with a person. at þeim muni illa sœkjast at v. oss); (8)
vingull, m. a horse’s male organ. to avail (veit ek eigi, hvat þat vinnr); e-
vin-gæfr, a. procuring friends (mun oss t vinnr e-m þörf, it suffices, is sufficient
sjá sigr ekki -gæfr vera); -gœði, n. kind- for one (þörf vinnr hverjum presti at seg-
ness, amiability; -hallr, a. (1) partial; ei- ja eina messu); v. e-m at fullu, to be quite
gi var hann -hallr í dómum, he was no sufficient for one, do away with, kill (tók
respecter of persons in his decisions; (2) hann sótt þá, er honum vann at fullu);
= -hollr; -hollr, a. true, steadfast as a (9) to withstand, with dat., = v. við e-u;
friend, affectionate as a friend; -hollr e- sköpum viðr (= vinnr) manngi, no man
m, friendly towards one; -kaup, n. acqui- can withstand his fate; (10) followed by an
sition of a friend (honum þótti í þér mest adj. or pp., to make (v. e-n sáran, reiðan,
-kaup); -kona, f. female friend; -lauss, barðan, felldan); vann hann yfirkominn
a. friendless; -margr, a. having many Harald, he succeeded in vanquishing H.; v.
friends; -mal, -mæli, n. friendly words, hefnt, to take revenge; v. annat, to prove;
assertions (Egill þakkaði konungi gjafar (11) to reach (smíðuðu einn stöpul, þann
ok -mæli). er þeir ætluðu at v. skyldi til himins);
vinna (vinn; vann, unnum, un- (12) with preps., v. at e-u, to be busy with
ninn), v. (1) to work, labour, do work (Ás- (v. at heyi); v. at svínum, sauðfé, to tend
mundr vildi lítit v.); v. á akri ok plœgja, swine, sheep; fá ekki at unnit, to effect
to work in the field and plough; (2) to work, nothing (ekki munu þér fá at unnit svá
till, cultivate (v. akr, jörðina); (3) to work, búit); v. at e-m, to do away with, kill (þat
perform, do; v. verk sin, to do one’s work; var markat á tjaldinu, at Sigurðr vann at
þat verðr hverr at v., er ætlat er, every one Fáfni); v. e-t á, to do, effect (höfum vér
must do the work that is set before him; þér mikit á unnit í várri ferð); v. á e-m, to
hafið mikit stórvirki unnit, ye have done do one bodily injury, = v. áverka á e-m
a great deed; v. eið, sœri, to take an oath; (með þann hug at v. á Gunnari); v. e-t til
v. bœtr á e-u, to redress; v. e-m bein- e-s, to do one thing in order to obtain or
leika, beina, to show hospitality to one; effect another (vildi hann v. þat til sæt-
v. e-m geig, bana, to work harm, death, tar með þeim brœðrum); þat vil ek til
to one; v. e-m úsœmd, to bring shame, vinna, that I am ready to do; v. til e-s,
disgrace on one; v. e-m bót (illt), to do to make oneself worthy of, deserve (v. til
one good (harm); v. e-m hefnd, to take re- dauða); v. til fjár ok frægðar, to act so as to
venge on; (4) v. e-m, to wait upon, attend gain money and fame; v. við e-u, to with-
to, tend (Höskuldr bað hana vinna þeim stand (mátti hann ok eigi við sköpum v.
hjónum); (5) to win, gain; v. orrustu, sigr, né sínu aldrlagi); v. e-n yfir, to overcome;
to gain a battle, victory; v. sigr á e-m, to (13) refl., vinnast, to last, suffice; meðan
V

obtain a victory over, defeat, one; (6) to dagrinn vannst, as long as the day last-
win, conquer (v. land, borgir, skip); v. e- ed; Illugi elti hann meðan eyin vannst, to
t aptr, to recover by conquest, reconquer the end of the island; festrin vannst eigi

611
vinna V virði-liga
til jarðar, the rope was not long enough to pp. bound in friendship; -traust, n. trust
touch the ground; þar sátu konur úti frá in a friend; -veittliga, adv. kindly, in a
sem vannst, as there was room; ek vinnst friendly manner; -veittligr, a. friendly;
eigi til þér at launa, I am unable to reward -veittr, a. (1) given in a friendly spirit,
thee; ekki unnust þau mjök fyrir, they did agreeable, favourable (byrinn ekki -veit-
little to support themselves; recipr., vin- tr); nú mun ek gera þér um -veitt, now I
nast á, to wound one another. will do thee a friendly turn; (2) of persons,
vinna, f. work, labour; vera at vinnu, to friendly amiable (úvandblœtr ok -veittr at
be at work. veizlum).
vinnandi (pl. -endr), vinnari, m. vinza (að), v. to winnow (v. korn).
worker. vin-þurfi, a. in want of a friend.
vinningr, m. gain, profit. vipr, f. pl. child’s toys (barna v.).
vinnu-fullr, a. having plenty of work; vipta, f. woof weft = veptr.
-fœrr, a. able to work; -góðr, a. clever at virða (-rða, -rðr), v. (1) to fix the
work; -greifi, m. over-seer; -hjún, n. pl. worth of a thing, to tax, value (síðan vóru
work-people, servants on a farm; -lítill, virð fé Haflgerðar); (2) fig., to value, es-
a. doing little work; -maðr, m. labourer, timate (þat kann engi v. nema guð einn);
man-servant on a farm. with gen., v. e-t mikils, to rate highly,
vinr (-ar, -ir), m. friend; í þörf skal think much of; v. lítils, to think or make
vinar neyta, a friend in need is a friend in- light of; v. e-t engis (einskis), to make
deed; hverr á sér vin með úvinum, every nothing of; v. e-t með sjálfum sér, to be-
one has a friend among foes; vera e-m í think oneself of, consider; konungr virði
vina húsi, to be one’s friend. mest skáld sín, he held his poets in the
vin-raun, f. proof of friendship; -ræði, highest estimation; virði jarl hann vel, the
n. pl. friendliness, = vinsemd; -samliga, earl showed him great honour; v. til, to pay
adv. in a friendly manner; -samligr, a. heed to, regard; hann kveðst vilja v. til
friendly, amicable; -semd, -semi, f. enn heilaga Jacobum postola, he said he
friendliness; -sending, f. friendly mes- would respect the sanctity of St. James; v.
sage or gift sent; -skapr, m. friendship; e-t til e-s, to consider (deem) as (v. e-t
-slit, n. pl. breach of friendship (þetta til útrúleika við e-n); v. e-t vel, illa fyrir
mun okkr verða at -slitum); -spell, n. e-m, to put it to his credit, discredit; (3)
spoiling, of friendship. refl., virðast vel, to be highly esteemed
vinstri, a. compar. the left (á v. hlið, til (hann virðist hvervetna vel); impers.,
v. handar). virðist öllum mönnum vel til hans, every-
vin-sælast (d), v. refl. to endear one- body liked him; virðist oss svá, sem
self to (-sælast e-m); -sæld, f. popularity minnkaðist vár sœmd í því, it seems to
(tóku við slíkt at vaxa -sældir hans); us, we think that …; virðist hann konung-
-sæll, a. blessed with friends, beloved, inum afbragðsmaðr, the king thought him
popular (hann var -sæll af öllum mön- to be an exceptional man.
num); maðrinn var miklu -sælli en áðr, virðar, m. pl., poet. men.
much more liked than before; -tengdr, virði-liga, adv. worthily, honourably;

612
virðing V vist
-ligr, a. (1) worthy, worshipful; (2) state- naði hann með mikilli v.; hann bað af
ly, imposing (-ligr maðr); (3) of things, þeim (= h. bað þá) virkta vinum sínum
fine, splendid (-ligr bústaðr). ok frændum, he recommended his friends
virðing, f. (1) valuation (at lögligri and kinsmen to their special charge; ok
virðingu); (2) reputation, honour; gera e- bað honum virkta við konunginn áðr þeir
m þá v., to do that honour to one; leggja v. skildi, recommended him to the king before
á e-n, to make much of one; (3) opinion, es- they parted; (2) good wishes; biðja e-m
teem; at minni v., in my opinion. virkta, to wish one all good wishes (Ásdís
virðinga-maðr, m. a man of distinc- bað honum margra virkta); (3) fondness,
tion or rank; -mikill, a. distinguished, affection; spurði, hverja hluti H. hefði, þá
worshipful. er honum væri mest v. á, which were dear-
virðingar-för, f. honourable journey; est to him; leggja á þá alla v., to cherish
-gjarn, a. ambitious; -heimboð, n. hon- them in every way; hafa e-n í kærleik ok
ourable invitation; -hlutr, m. great cred- virktum, to hold one in love and affection;
it (hafa -hlut af e-u); -kona, f. worthy (4) af or með v., af or með virktum, with
lady; -lauss, a. without honour, rank, or special care (hann lét gera skip af virk-
distinction; -maðr, m. appraiser; -munr, tum).
m. disparity in rank; -ráð, n. (1) re- virkta-lið, n. = -menn; -maðr, m. a
spectable estate or condition; (2) hon- chosen man, favourite man (-menn Sveins
ourable plan; -vænligr, -vænn, a. hon- konungs); þeir kváðu hann vera -mann,
ourable. they said he was a capital man; -ráð, n.
virðinga-samr, a. ambitious. excellent advice; -vel, adv. very well;
virði-samr, a. vain-glorious. -vinr, m. intimate friend.
virðu-liga, adv. respectfully (kveðja e- virku-liga, adv. carefully.
n -liga); magnificently (búast -liga); virtr, n. wort (in brewing).
-ligr, a. worthy, fine, splendid. visinn, a. wizened, withered.
virgill, m. halter (var v. dreginn á háls visk, f. wisp (hálm-visk, sef-visk).
honum). visna (að), v. to wither (hönd visnaði;
virgil-nár, m. a corpse on a gallows. visnuð hönd).
virki, n. (1) work, = verk; esp. in com- vissa, f. certain knowledge, certainty
pds., ill-, spell-, stór-, þrek-virki; (2) (hafa vissu af e-u); gera e-m vissu af e-u,
stronghold, castle. to give notice of.
virkis-armr, m. wing of a castle; vissu-liga, adv. certainly (vita -liga);
-maðr, m. defender in a castle. -ligr, a. certain (-lig ván).
virkja (-ti, -t), v. impers. = verkja. vist (pl. -ir), f. (1) stay; hann fór til
virkr, a. (1) working; in compds., góð-, vistar til Hliðarenda, he went to stay at
harð-, mikil-, stór-; virkr dagr, work-day, H.; hann var vistum með föður sínum,
week-day; (2) careful, painstaking (v. at e- he stayed with his father; (2) abode (mar-
V

u); (3) v. e-m, valued by, dear to (kærr var gar eru þá vistir góðar ok margar illar);
hann ok v. konunginum). veita e-m v., to lodge one; (3) food, provi-
virkt, f. (1) tender care; Ástríðar læk- sions, often in pl.; ønga v. þarf hann, he

613
vista V vita
requires no food; v. ok drykkr, meat and vel viti borinn, with a good understand-
drink; Hrapp þraut vistir í hafi, H. ran ing; ganga af vitinu, to go out of one’s wits,
short off provisions at sea. go mad (hann varð svá hræddr, at hann
vista (að), v. (1) to lodge, find lodgings gekk náliga af vitinu); þat er mitt v., at,
and food for (hann vistar kaupmenn nær it is my opinion that; (4) sense, organ of
skipi); (2) to furnish with food, provisions sense (ekki v. manns heyrirnema eyru);
(þat var þá háttr, at menn vistuðu sik (5) pl., a place where a thing is kept, re-
sjálfir til þings); (3) refl., vistast, to take ceptacle (varðveita e-t í vitum sínum); (6)
up a fixed abode, stay, sojourn (hann vildi visiting, searching; fór M. jarl vestr um
hér v. um sumarit). haf á v. ríkis sins, M. returned to his king-
vista-byrðingr, m. store-ship; -fang, dom; ríða á v. sín, to look after one’s own
n. provisions stores; -far, n. domicile; affairs.
-fátt, a. n. running short of provisions vit or við, pers. pron. dual, we two.
(hann hafði, or honum var, -fátt); -fer- vita (veit, vissa, vitaðr), v. (1) to
li, n. = -far; -fæð, f. lack of provisions; have sense, be conscious (hann var enn ei-
-gjald, n. contribution in food (leggja gi ørendr, en vissi þó ekki); with gen.,
-gjald á e-n); -gnótt, plenty of provi- gráðugr halr, nema geðs viti, unless he has
sions; -lauss, a. without provisions; his senses about him; (2) to know; engi vis-
-leysi, n. lack of provisions; -malr, m. si skapara sinn, no one knew his maker;
provision-bag. þeir er vel mart vitu, those who know
vistar-far, n. domicile; fara -farl á e- many things; v. sik saklausan, to know
n stað, to go to stay at a place; -gørð, f. oneself to be innocent; veizt þú, hvat þér
fare (eigi er hér vönd -gørð); -laun, n. man verða at bana, dost thou know what
pl. board-wages; -maðr, m. lodger, board- will be the cause of thy death?; v. skyn
er; -taka, f. forag ing; -tekja, f. sojourn- á e-m, to know one; Flosi kvaðst eigi v.
ing, boarding (bjóða e-m marga kosti um skyn á, hverir lögmenn væri beztir, F.
-tekju); -veizla, f. boarding or housing of said that he knew nothing about who were
a person; -vera, f. sojourn. the best lawyers; v. ván or vánir e-s, to ex-
vista-skip, n. provision-ship; -skortr, pect, look for (G. vissi slíks matar þar ek-
m. want of provisions. ki ván); v. fram, to be prescient, know the
vist-fang, n. = vistafang; -fastr, a. future; veit þat trúa min, upon my faith!;
having a fixed abode; -lauss, a. homeless, (3) to see, try to find out (bað þá v., hvat
with no fixed domicile (ek em maðr af Gretti yrði); vittu, ef þú hjálpir, see
-lauss). if thou canst help; vit, at þá náir sverði
visundr (gen. -s or -ar, pl. -ar) m. bi- því, try to get that sword; (4) to look, be
son-ox. turned towards; v. upp, fram, aptr, to look
vit, n. (1) consciousness; hafa v. sitt, vita (be turned) upwards, forwards, backwards;
vits síns, to be in one’s senses, be con- v. móti sólu, at sjánum, to face the sun,
scious; (2) intelligence, cognizance; á. fár- the sea; v. til norðrættar, to look north;
ra (allra) manna viti, within few (all) men’s ormahöfuð öll vitu inn í húsit, all the
knowledge; (3) wit, understanding, reason; heads of the serpents look into the hall;

614
vitaðr V vitna
with gen., þeir fundu vínvið allt þar sem vita-vörðr, m. beacon-watch.
holta vissi, they found the vine wherever vit-fátt, a. n. short of wit (e-m verðr
there was woodland; (5) to come under a -fátt); -firring, f. insanity, madness.
certain head; sökin veit til lands-laga, en viti, m. (1) token, mark, signal; þat þótti
ekki til Bjarkeyjar-réttar, the case comes eigi góðs v., it boded nothing good; (2) as
under the country-law, and not under the a naut. term; hafa vita af landi, to stand
town-law; (6) to bode, betoken, with gen. so near land as to be aware of it; (3) a bea-
(ekki vita slík orð lítils); þat mun eigi øn- con, kindled as a warning signal (brenna,
gra tíðinda v., this betokens no small tid- kveikja, kynda vita).
ings; (7) to mean, have such and such bear- vitja (að), v. to go to a place, to visit
ing; hvat veit óp þetta, what means this (tók hann þat ráð at v. eigi optarr til Ís-
shouting?; eigi veit þannig við, that is not lands); with gen., v. frænda sinna, to visit
the case; seg mér hit sanna, hversu við one’s kinsmen; at þeir mundi koma ok v.
veit, how things stand; ok rœddu um þat, Gizurar, fiay G. a visit, attack him at his
at nú mundi vel v., that things were like- home; þóttust þeir vita, hvar hans var at
ly to take a good turn; (8) with preps., v. v., where he was to be found; þeir vitja
af e-u, to know of (ekki vissi á. af kaupi graðungsins, they went to fetch the bull;
þeira); v. e-t at sér, to know oneself to be v. ráðahags, ráðs, to come to fetch one’s
guilty of; v. e-t eptir sér = v. e-t at sér bride; v. einkamála, heita, to come to
(v. eptir sér slíkan glœp); v. e-t frá sér, claim the fulfilment of an agreement, or
to be conscious (sensible) of (ek var svá promise.
syfjaðr, at ek vissa fátt frá mér); v. e-t vitjan, f. visit (hafið þér veitt oss sæmd
fyrir, to know beforehand (ørlög sín viti með v. yðvarrar tignar).
engi maðr fyrir); v. til e-s, v. til um e-t, to vitkast (-að), v. refl. (1) to recover
know of (ekki vissu landsmenn til um ferð one’s senses; (2) to recover from a swoon
Þórólfs); v. ekki til sín, v. ekki til man- (úvit).
na, to have lost consciousness, one’s senses; vitki, m. wizard; vitka líki, in the form
recipr. to know of an another (þeir vissust of a wizard.
jafnan til í hafinu); v. um e-t, to make in- vit-lausa, f. = -leysa; -lauss, a. (1)
quiries about (fara at v. um e-t); to know mad (hann hleypr þegar sem hann sé vit-
about (eigi veit ek um gaman þetta); v. e- lauss); (2) unconscious, senseless (Ölvir lá
t við e-n, to get to know a thing, from one þar -lauss, en Bárðr veginn); (3) foolish
(mun ek v. við skipverja mina, hvat þeim (-lauss ok illviljaðr); -leysa, f. madness,
sýnist ráð). nonsense; -leysi, n. madness, nonsense;
vitaðr, pp. (1) known, proved; (2) -leysingr, m. a witless, foolish person;
marked out (sá er þeim völlr of v.). -lítill, a. small-witted; -maðr, m. a man
vita-karl, m. beacon-watchman. of great intellect, clever man; -menni, n.
vitand, f. knowledge, privity (var þat a man of great intellect, clever man;
V

gört með yðvarri v. ok ráði); at minni -mikill, a. of great intellect, clever.

(várri) v., to my (our) knowledge. vitna (að), v. (1) to witness, attest, with
vitan-ligr, a. known (-ligr e-m). acc. (v. málit); (2) v. undir e-n, to call one

615
vitna-laust V víðka
as a witness. speech (hon er væn ok -mál).
vitna-laust, adv. without witnesses. vits-munir, m. pl. sense, sagacity; ko-
vitneskja, f. signal, sign (góð v.). ma á -muni við e-n, to outwit one.
vitni, n. (1) witness, testimony; bera v., vit-stola, a. indecl., -stolinn, pp.
to bear witness; bera e-m gott v., to bear out of one’s mind, insane.
one good witness; (2) = váttr, witness, of vitt, n. sorcery, charms.
persons; nefna v., to call witnesses; (3) ev- vitta (-tta), v. poet. to bewitch, charm
idence, outward mark, or sign (var þar or- (vitti hon ganda).
pinn sá haugr til vitnis). vitta-fullr, a. full of charms.
vitnir (gen. -is), m. poet. wolf. vittugr, a. skilled in witchcraft.
vitnis-burðr, m. a bearing witness; vitugr, a. sensible, clever.
giving evidence, testimony; -bœrr, a. able vitund, f. = vitand.
to bear witness; -fastr, a. proved by ev- vit-vandr, a. requiring cleverness.
idence; -fjall, n. the mount of the vizka, f. wisdom, sagacity.
covenant; -lauss, a. unattested (-lausar vizkr, a. clever, sensible (vel v.).
sögur); -maðr, m. witness, = váttr; -órk, vizku-bragð, n. wise contrivance;
f. the ark of the covenant. -liga, adv. wisely; -ligr, a. wise; -maðr,
vit-orð, n. (1) knowledge (ekki var mar- m. wise man; -munr, m. difference in wit;
gra nianna -orð á hans ætterni) vera á (í, -samligr, a. wise; -tré, n. the tree of
með) e-s -orði, to be known to one (þat var knowledge.
á margra manna -orði); (2) privity (vera í víða (-ara, -ast), adv. (1) widely far
ráðum ok -orðum með e-m um verk). and wide, in many places (vóru þeir því
vitorðs-maðr, m. a person cognizant (- ágætari ok víðfrægri sem þeir fóru
maðr þess verks). víðara); víðast um veröldina (in the wide
vitr (acc. vitran), a. wise (v. maðr). world) fannst eigi sá maðr; (2) largely, ex-
vitra, f. (1) wisdom, sagacity; (2) tensively (hann ló v. frá).
knowledge (v. góðs ok ills). víða (-dda, -ddr), v. to widen (braut
vitra (að), v. to manifest, reveal (v. ísinn ok víddi vökina).
mönnum úorðna hluti); refl., vitrast, to víðatta, f. wideness, openness, of a dis-
reveal oneself, appear in a dream or vision trict (farið nú á viðáttu jarðar).
(mikit er um fyrirburði slíka, er hann vídd, f. width, wideness, extension.
sjálfr vitrast okkr). víðerni, n. extension, extent.
vitran, f. (1) revelation; (2) vision, ap- víð-faðmr, a. extensive, far-reaching;
pearance in a dream. -fleygr, a. wide-flying; -frægja (-ða,
vitringr (-s, -ar), m. wise man, sage -ðr), v. to make widely known; -frægr, a.
(var þorgnyr inn mesti v.). far-renowned, famous; -förli, f. extensive
vitr-leikr, m. wisdom, sagacity. travelling; -förull, a. far-travelling.
vitrleiks-maðr, m. = vitringr. víði-hæll, m. a peg of willow.
vitr-liga, adv. wisely, with wisdom; víðir (gen. -is), m. willow (sjá dalr er
-ligr, a. wise, judicious, sensible (-lig mjök víði vaxinn).
stjórn, ráðagørð); -máll, a. wise in víðka (að), v. to widen.

616
víð-leikr V vígs-bœtr
víð-leikr, m. width, extent; -lenda vígi (gen. pl. vígja), n. (1) vantage
(-nda), v. to extend, enlarge a territory; ground, stronghold (klettrinn var víðr
-lendi, n. broad lands, wideness of lands, ofan ok v. gott); (2) the bulwarks or gun-
extent; -lendr, a. having extensive lands, wale of a ship.
of a king. vígis-munr, m. difference in vantage-
víðr, a. wide, large, extensive (víðir skó- ground (þar var svá mikill -munr, at þar
gar); á víða vega, widely abroad, broad- mundi ekki vinna bergit).
cast; víðs vegar, in all directions (flýja, vígja (-ða, -ðr), v. (1) to hallow, con-
dreifast víðs vegar); víðs fjarri, far away. secrate, in a heathen sense (tók upp
víð-læss, a. far-roaming; of deer; hamarinn Mjölni ok vígði
-sýnn, a. with wide prospect (á haugum hafrstökurnar); (2) in a Christian sense,
nökkurum, þar sem -sýnt var). to consecrate, ordain (vígja biskup, prest,
víf, n. poet. woman, wife. djákn; vígja e-n til biskups, prests, ko-
vífandi, pr. p., in the phrase, koma at nungs).
v., to arrive as by chance. víg-kœni, f. = -fimi; -kœnn, a. = -fimr;
vífinn, a. given to women. -kœnska, f. = -kœni; -leysi, n. defence-
vífl, f. cudgel, bat, used in washing. lessness; -lið, n. warriors; -ligr, a. mar-
víg, n. (1) fight, battle; eiga v. móti e-m, tial, doughty; -ligr á velli at sjá, of martial
to fight against; eiga v. saman, to have a appearance; -ljóss, a. having daylight for
fight together; verja e-t vígi, to defend by fighting, (þá var þó svá kveldat, at eigi
fighting; (2) homicide, man-slaughter (ve- var -ljóst); -maðr, m. warrior; -mannli-
ga v.). ga, adv. martially; -mannligr, a. mar-
víga-far, n. battle, slaughter (úfriðr ok tial; -málugr, a. given to talk of battle;
-far); -ferði, n., -ferðir, f. pl., -ferli, -móðr, a. weary in battle; -nest, n. poet.
n. pl. man-slayings (man þetta upphaf armour (?); -nesta böl, sword or spear.
-ferla þinna); -guð, n. god of battle; vígr, a. (1) in fighting condition, able to
-hugr, m. = víghugr; -maðr, m. a fight- fight (hafa með oss alla víga. menn); v.
ing man; -maðr mikill, a great manslayer. vel, well skilled in arms, (2) þeir drápu
víg-áss, m. war-beam, for defence (þeir karla þá, er vígt var at, they smote the men
höfðu -ása í dyrum); -djarfr, a. daring that might be slain.
in fight, stout-hearted; -drótt, f. war- víg-reiðr, a. in warlike mood; -risinn,
riors; -fimi, f. skill in arms; -fimr, a. a. gallant in war; -risni, f. prowess in
skilled in feats of arms; -flaki, m. mantlet arms; -roð, n., roði, m. glow of war (ver-
of boards; -fleki, m. (1) = -flaki; (2) = pr -roða um víkinga).
-gyrðill; -frekr, a. eager for fight; vígsakar-aðili, m. prosecutor in a suit
-frœkn, a. martial, gallant; -fœrr, a. for manslaughter; -bœtr, f. pl. = vígs-
able to fight; -gyrðill, m. a shelter used bœtr.
on ships during battle; -gyrðla (að), v. to vígs-bœtr, f. pl. compensation for
V

protect, fortify with ‘víggyrðlar’; -hestr, manslaughter; -gengi, n. backing one in

m. war-horse; -hugr, m. warlike (murder- battle (veita e-m -gengi); -gjöld, n. pl. =
ous) mood. vígs-bœtr.

617
víg-skarða V víkja
víg-skarða (að), v. to furnish with ram- (vikings); -höfðingi, m. chief of vikings;
parts, fortify; -skár, a. exposed to war (- -lið, n. company of vikings; -skeið, f.,
skátt ríki); -skerðr, pp. furnished with -skip, n. viking’s ship.
‘vígskörð’; -skörð, n. pl. battlements, víkingligr, a. like a viking.
ramparts. víkingr (-s, -ar), m. (1) freebooter, sea-
vígsla, f. consecration, ordination (taka rover, pirate, viking (Flóki Vilgerðarson
vígslu af biskupi). hét maðr, hann var v. mikill); (2) in later
víg-sloði, m. the section of law treating times, robber, highwayman.
of battle and manslaughter. víkings-efni, n. one likely to become a
vígslu-dagr, -eiðr, m. day, oath of great viking.
consecration; -faðir, m. ordaining father víkingskapr (gen. -ar), m. piracy.
(of a bishop); -gull, n. coronation ring; víkja (vík; veik, vikum; vikinn), v.
-gørð, f. performance of ordination; (1) to move, turn, with dat. (sveinninn
-hrútr, m. sacrificial ram; -hönd, f. or- mátti hvergi v. höfðinu); hann veik sér
daining hand; leggja -hendr yfir e-n, to hjá dyrunum, he passed by the door; v. e-
lay hands on, of a bishop; -kaup, n. coro- m af hendi, to turn one off, dismiss; v. e-
nation fee; -klæði, n. pl. consecration u af sér, to decline (A. veik því af sér); v.
robes; -maðr, m. one in holy orders; e-u til ráða (atkvæða) e-s, to hand it over
-skrúð, n. coronation robes; -sverð, n. to one’s decision; v. tali, rœðu, máli til e-
coronation sword; -vatn, f. holy water. s, to turn one’s speech to one, address one-
vígs-mál, n. a suit for manslaughter. self to one; v. til e-s, to mention, refer to
víg-spár, a. boding of war; -spjöll, n. (hefr hann svá kvæðit, at hann víkr til
pl. tidings of war. Ólafs konungs); v. til við e-n, to broach it
vígs-víti, n. punishment for manslaugh- to one; v. á e-t, to hint at (Þ. víkr á nökkut
ter. í Þorgeirsdrápu á misþokka þeira); v. á
víg-sök, f. suit of manslaughter; -tól, við e-n = v. til við e-n; víkja svá bœkr til,
n. pl. murderous tools; -tönn, f. canine at, the books indicate that; (2) to move, go
tooth, tusk; -vél, f. war-trick, war-engine; (þeir víkja þegar eptir þessum mönnum);
-völlr, m. battle-field; -völr, m. ‘battle- v. aptr, to return (þeir víku aptr ok leita
stick’, weapon; -þrima, f. din of battle; þeira); hann veik heim, he returned home;
-þrot, n. end of the battle; -æsa, v. to fur- v. til norðrættar, to trend north (þat ríki
nish with vígásar; -ór, f. a kind of dart. víkr til norðrættar); v. inn til hafnar, to
vík (gen. víkr, pl. víkr), f. inlet, small veer round and seek harbour (önnur skipin
bay; róa v. á e-n, to row one round, get the viku inn til hafna af leiðinni); v. eptir e-
better of one. m, to follow one’s example; v. eptir e-u,
víking, f. freebooting voyage, piracy, to yield to (v. eptir freistingu fjándans);
(hann var í v. á sumrum ok fekk sér fjár); (3) impers. to turn, trend; landinu víkr til
liggja í víkingu ok hernaði, to be engaged landnorðrs, the land trends to north-east;
in freebooting expedition and warfare; fara svá veik viðr veginum, at þar var hraun-
í v., to go out on a freebooting expedition. gata mikil, the road was of this nature; nú
víkinga-bœli, n. haunt of sea-rovers veik svá við, at liðit fór yfir á eina mik-

618
víkjanligr V vís-bending
la, now it came to pass; nú víkr sögunni America (Vínland it góða).
vestr til Breiðafjarðardala, now the story vínlands-ferð, -för, f. expedition to
turns west to B.; en þar veik annan veg Wineland.
af, it turned out quite another way; (4) re- vín-laukr, m. a kind of grass or herb;
fl., víkjast, to turn oneself; v. aptr, to re- -lauss, a. wineless; -leysi, n. lack of
turn; hón sat ok veikst eigi, she sat and wine; -óðr, a. wine-mad, drunk; -órar,
stirred not; v. eptir e-u, to turn after, imi- m. pl. wine-ravings; -pottr, m. wine-pot;
tate; v. undan e-u, to evade, decline; v. un- -tré, n. vine, vine-plant; -tunna, f.
dan við e-n, to refuse one; v. undir hlýðni wine-cask; -viði, n., -viðr, m. vine, =
við e-n, to do homage to; v. við e-t, to re- -tré; -þröng, f. wine-press.
spond to (kvað hann vel hafa vikizt við sí- víra-virki, n. ‘wire-work’, filigree.
na nauðsyn). vírr, m. wire, thread of metal.
víkjanligr, a. yielding, pliant. vísa (að, rarely -ta, -t), v. to show,
víkva, v. = víkja (v. skapi sínu til e-s). point out, indicate; v. e-m leið, to show one
vík-verjar, m. pl. the men from the dis- the way; v. augum í e-n, to direct, fix the
trict ‘Vík’ in Norway; -verskr, a. from the eyes on one; v. hundi at mann í, to set a
‘Vík’, of persons. hound on a person; v. e-m til sætis, to show
víl, n. wisely, wretchedness (v. ok er- one where to sit; v. e-m til landskostar,
fiði); -mögr, m. wretch, bondsman; to direct one to the best of the land; þeir
-siðr, m. misery, distress; -sinni, n. mis- vísuðu honum til Kols, they showed him
ery, distress; -sinnis spá, evil prophecy; the way to Kol, told him where he was to
-stígr, m. path of misery, woeful path. be found; v. e-m til vegar, to show one the
vín, n. wine; -belgr, m. wine-bag; road; v. e-m frá, to send one away, reject
-ber, n. grape; -berill (pl. -berlar), an application; v. á e-t, to point at, indi-
m. wine-vessel. cate (fleiri eru þau tíðindi, er kvæðit vísar
vínberja-köngull, m. bunch of á); v. svá til, at, to indicate (vísa ok svá til
grapes. enskar bœkr, at); impers., vísar svá til í
vín-byrli, m. cup-bearer; -dropi, m. sögu Bjarnar, it is indicated, referred to, in
drop of wine; -drukkinn, pp. drunken the story of B.; with infin., v. e-m at gera
with wine; -drykkja, f. wine-drinking; e-t, to tell, prompt one to do a thing.
-drykkr, m. drink of wine; -fat, n. wine- vísa, f. verse, strophe, stanza (hann orti
vat; -fátt, a. shortage of wine, scarcity of kvæði ok eru þessar vísur í).
wine; -ferill, m. wine-vat; -garðr, m. vísa-eyrir, m. fixed, regular income.
vineyard. vísan, f. direction, instruction (nú skulu
víngarðs-fágari, m. vine-dresser. þeir fara eptir minni v.).
vín-guð, m. the wine-god, Bacchus; vísa-ván, f. a thing sure to happen.
-hús, n. wine-house; -höfugr, a. heavy vís-bending, f. signal; gera e-m -bend-
with wine (skálir vínhöfgar); -kaggr, m. ing, to give one a signal; -dómr, m. (1)
V

wine-jar; -ker, n. wine-beaker; -kjal- knowledge, intelligence; bera fullan (san-

lari, m. wine-cellar. nan) -dóm á e-t, to know for certain; (2)
vín-land, n. Wineland, part of North wisdom, wise talk, opp. to ‘heimska’.

619
vísdóms-fullir V vægð
vísdóms-fullir, a. full of wisdom, to know for certain; þat vil ek víst, surely I
wise; -kona, f. wise woman, sibyl; -maðr, will; víst eigi, certainly not, by no means;
m. (1) sage; (2) soothsayer, prophet; at vísu, certainly, surely (hann hefir þat at
-meistari, m. magician. vísu í hug sér); til víss, for certain (sjá, vi-
vísendi, n. pl. = vísindi. ta kenna e-t til víss) fyrir víst = til víss;
vís-eyrir, m. a king’s regular revenue; acquainted with (dvergar veggbergs vísir).
cf. ‘vísa-eyrir’. vísu-helmingr, m. half a strophe;
vísi, m. poet. leader, chief. -lengd, f. length of a strophe; -orð, n. a
vísinda-bók, f. learned book; -kona, f. line of a strophe.
wise woman, sibyl; -maðr, m. soothsayer; vís-vitaðr, pp. known for certain.
-svör, n. pl. answers information; -tré, víta (-tta, -ttr), v. to fine, sconce (vít-
n. the tree of knowledge; -vegr, m. the tr ertu nú skáld, er þú kemr eigi undir
way of knowledge or truth. borð).
vísindi, n. pl. (1) knowledge, intelli- víta-verðr, a. worthy of punishment or
gence; taka v. af e-u, to draw information fine.
from a thing; svá er sagt í fornum vísin- víti, n. (1) punishment; skapa e-m v.
dum, at, in old lore (in old songs) it is said fyrir e-t, to punish one for a thing; fá, taka
that; hann (viz. Mímir) er fullr af vísin- v., to suffer punishment (Þorgils segir, at
dum, he is full of wisdom (knowledge); vita hún skal v. fyrir taka); láta sér annars
e-t með vísindum at segja, to know for v. at varnaði, to be warned by another’s
certain; (2) revelation (urðu mörg v sýnd woe; (2) fine, mulct, = févíti (gjalda v.); (3)
mönnum í draumum); (3) magic art (fara sconce, = borðvíti; en er kom at jólum,
með vísindum ok spádóm). vóru v. upp sögð, but when Yule came the
vísir, m. (1) leader, king, = vísi; (2) sconces were declared.
sprout (sýndist mér vísirinn vaxa). vítis-horn, n. sconce-horn or cup;
vís-leikir, m. knowledge, wisdom; -lauss, a. without punishment, blameless;
-liga, adv. (1) for certain (vita -liga); (2) -leysi, n. impunity.
wisely; -ligr, a. certain, sure, safe (þykkir vítka, v. to blame (v. e-n e-s).
mér vísligra at fara aptr í ríki mitt). vítt, adv. far, = víða.
víss, a. (1) certain (þótti honum sér þá víxl, n., only in the phrase, á víxl (1)
vísari dauði en líf); þótt ek vita vísan ba- passing by one another in opposite direc-
na minn, though I know my death is sure; tions (bryggjur svá breiðar, at aka mátti
verða e-s v., to ascertain, become aware of vögnum á, v.); (2) across; standa á v. fó-
(ek mun þessa brátt v. verða af konungi); tunum, to stand cross-legged.
impers., þessa mun aldri víst verða, this víxlingr, m. changeling, = skiptingr.
will never be known; verða e-s v. um e-t, víxtr or víxltr, pp. changed, of a
af e-u, to get some information of, as to; changeling (at hann myndi v. vera).
víss vitandi, knowingly, intentionally; (2) voga (að), v. to dare, venture.
wise (I. var inn vísasti maðr í öllu); (3) voldugr, a. powerful, = völdugr.
known (nú liðu svá sex vetr, at þetta varð væða (-dda, -ddr), v. to clothe.
eigi vist); (4) neut. as adv., vita e-t víst, vægð (pl. -ir), f. mercy, forbearance

620
vægtar-lauss V vænta
(eiga øngrar vægðar ván). vænd (pl. -ir), f. prospect, expectation
vægtar-lauss, a. merciless, exacting; (er í þær vændir komit, at).
-laust, adv. without mercy. vændis-fólk, n. wicked people;
vægi, n. weight, moment; vera lítils -höfðingi, m. wicked, bad chief; -kona,
vægis, to be of small moment. f. harlot; -maðr, m. miscreant.
vægi-liga, adv. forbearingly, leniently; væng-brotinn, pp. broken-winged.
-ligr, a. forbearing, lenient (-ligr dómr). vængi, m. cabin on board a ship.
væginn, a. lenient, yielding. vængjaðr, a. furnished with wings.
vægja (-ða, -t), v. (1) to give way to, væng-knúi, m. the wing joint.
with dat.; v. göngunni, to yield the road, vængr (-jar, -ir), m. (1) wing (með
when two meet one another; (2) absol., vængjunum huldi hann landit allt); (2)
to give way, yield (jafnan vægir hinn vit- wing of a budding, esp. of a church.
rari); v. fyrir e-m, to give way to one (hón væni, n. prospect; þótti öllum mikils ills
kvaðst aldri v. skyldu fyrir Hallgerði); v. af v., every one thought that much evil
eptir e-m, v. við e-n, to yield to one; (3) might be looked for.
to temper, with dat. (v. reiði sinni); v. væning (pl. -ar), f. imputation.
dómum, to temper judgement; v. orða vænkast (að), v. to bid fair, look well,
atkvæðum, to forbear from words; (4) to take a good turn (þykkir þeim v. um sinn
spare, with dat. (Þorkell bað jarl v. bón- hag).
dum); (5) refl., vægjast, to yield, give way væn-leikr, m. bodily beauty (þá var
(betra er at v. tit góðs en bægjast til ills); þeim eintalat um Helgu, ok lofaði hann
v. til við e-n, to give way to one. mjök -leik hennar).
vægja (-ði, -t), v. impers. to emit mat- vænleiks-maðr, a. a fine man.
ter (vágr), suppurate (hendr hans hafði væn-liga, adv. hopefully, promisingly;
vægt ok fœtr). -ligr, a. hopeful, promising, fine (mikill
væg-leiðinn, a. = væginn (við e-n). maðr ok -ligr).
vægr, a. nicely balanced, of scales (væ- vænn, a. (1) likely, to be expected (er
gar skálir). vænst, at liðnar sé mínar lífsstundir); (2)
væl, n. wailing. bidding fair, likely to succeed (eigi mundi
vælan, f. wailing. í annat sinn vænna at fara at jarli); hér
væla (að), v. to wail. ferr vænt at, here it goes fairly; (3) of per-
væna (-da, -dr), v. (1) to give one hope sons, hopeful, promising (Björn þótti v. til
of, v. e-m e-s or e-u (v. e-m miskunnar ok höfðingja);(4) fair to behold fine, beauti-
eilífrar dýrðar); (2) to ween, think (í kveld ful (væn kona ok kurteis); of things, fine
væni ek, at ek heiti Úfeigr); impers., e- (kross v. með líkneskjum).
n vænir, at, one thinks that (vænir mik vænta (-nta, -nt), v. (1) to give one
nú, at þeir hafi aptr snúit); (3) v. e-n e- hope of, v. e-m e-u (ek vænti þér sættinni,
u, to charge one with a thing (v. e-n ly- en ek heit eigi); (2) to hope for, expect,
V

gi); (4) refl., vænast e-s or e-u, to hope for with gen. (væntum vér oss góðra viðtak-
(vænist hann ok øngra manna liðveizlu); na); v. til e-s, to hope for; v. í e-u, to
v. e-u, to boast of. hope in, set one’s hope in (væntum í hans

621
vænting V vögn
miskunn); (3) impers., (þess) væntir vætt, n. lid of a chest or shrine.
mik, at, I expect (hope) that (væntir mik vætta (-tta, -tt), v. = vænta.
enn, at honum fari vel). vætt-fangr, m., see ‘vættvangr’.
vænting, f. hope, expectation. vætti, n. witness, testimony (bera v.;
væpna (-ta, -tr), v. to arm. fœra fram v. sín).
vær, pron. we, = vér. vættis-burðr, m. bearing witness.
væra, f. snugness, warmth. vættki (gen. vættkis, vættugis;
værð, f. rest, tranquility (samfarar þeira dat. vættugi), n. no whit nothing,
vóru eigi með værðum). nought, = ekki vætta; hafða ek þess v.
væri, n. abode, shelter (þeir átu hvárki vífs, I got no favour from that lady; væt-
vist né v. í Víkinni). tugis verðr, worthless; varr at vættugi,
væringja-lið, n. the body of the fearing nothing.
Værings; -lög, n. pl. the league, guild of vættr (pl. -ir), f. (1) wight, being; þegi
the V.; -seta, f. the guard of the V. þú, rög v., hold thy tongue, vile being; (2)
væringjar, m. pl. Varangians, North- esp. a supernatural being; hjálpi þér hollar
ern warriors who served as bodyguard to vættir, way the gracious powers help thee;
the emperors of Constantinople. heiðnar vættir, heathen fiends; illar væt-
vær-leikr, m. rest, peace, tranquillity. tir, evil beings; (3) ekki vætta, no whit,
værr, a. (1) snug, comfortable, peaceful nothing at all (höfðu þeir ekki vætta at
(samfarar þeira vóru eigi værar); í væru sök); as adv. not at all (ekki vætta hræd-
ranni, in the peaceful hall; honum gerðist dr); øngu vætta vildi hann eira, he would
ekki mjök vært, he did not feel much at not spare anything.
ease; (2) neut., vært, fit to be or stay at a vætt-rim or vett-rim, f. ? a ridge
place (þér er ekki vel vært hér í landi); ei- along the middle of a sword-blade.
gi er ykkr saman vært, ye cannot live to- vætt-vangr, m. the spot where a battle,
gether. assault, or manslaughter has taken place.
væru-gjarn, a. fond of rest and warmth. vættvangs-bjargir, f. pl. the aiding
væstr, pp. worn out by wet and toil (kó- or abetting an assault on the very spot;
mu þeir væstir til bœjar). -búar, m. pl. neighbours to the scene of
væta, f. wet, sleet, rain (vóru vætur action, to be summoned as ‘búar’.
miklar bæði nætr ok daga). vætu-drifa, f. sleet; -lopt, n. moist
væta (-tta, -ttr), v. to wet, make wet air; -sumar, n. wet summer.
(at v. allan senn dúkinn). vœðr, a. fordable, = œðr.
vætr, n. indecl. nought; hyggst v. hvatr vöðull (pl. vöðlar), m. = vaðill.
fyrir, a valiant man fears nothing; with vöðva-sár, n., -skeina, f. flesh-wound,
gen., v. manna, no man; v. véla, no fraud. slight wound.
vætt (pl. -ir), f. (1) prop. weight (þat vöðvi, m. muscle (Grettir hjó til hans á
fé allt, er at vættum skal kaupa); (2) of lærit hœgra svá at ór tók allan vöðvann).
a definite weight, in Norway = 1/24 of vög (pl. vegr), f. lever.
a ‘skippund’; in Iceland = 80 lbs. (þrjár vögn (pl. vagnir), f. a kind of whale, a
vættir ullar). dolphin or grampus.

622
vögn- V vörn
vögn-, vögnu-hvalr, m. = vögn. meadow (reiða á völl).
vögur, f. pl. bier, hand-barrow. völr (gen. valar, dat. veli; pl. velir,
vök (gen. vakar, pl. vakir and acc. völu), m. round stick, staff; cf.
vakar), f. a hole, opening in the ice (hann ‘hjálm-, rið-, vígvölr’.
hratt hestinum í v. eina). völu-leiði, n. sibyl’s barrow.
vökna (að), v. to become wet. völundr (-ar, -ar), m. master smith,
vökóttr, a. full of holes, of ice. great artist (Hrafn var v. at hagleik bæði
vökr (acc. -van), a. wet, moist (þeira at tré ok at járni).
líkamir eru vökvir ok vátir). völva (gen. völu; pl. völur), f.
vöku-, gen. from ‘vaka’; -líð, n. watch- prophetess, sibyl, wise woman, witch (fóru
ing-people, scouts; -maðr, m. watchman; þá um landit spákonur, er kallaðar vóru
-nótt, f. watchful night. völur).
vöku-, gen. from ‘vökva’; -samr, a. vömb (gen. vambar), f. ‘womb’, belly,
moist; -skortr, m. want of moisture. paunch; kýla vömbina, to fill the belly.
vökva (gen. vöku), f. moisture, humidi- vömm (gen. vammar), f. disgrace.
ty. vöndla (að), v. to make up into a bundle
vökvi, m. moisture, humidity. (v. e-t upp).
vökva (að), v. (1) to moisten, water (v. vöndr (gen. vandar, dat. vendi; pl.
landit, pálmviðinn); (2) = vekja; v. sér vendir, acc. vöndu), m. (1) wand,
blóð, to make blood flow. switch, twig (sverðit beit eigi heldr en
vökvi, m. moisture, fluid, = vökva. vendi berði um); snúa vönd í hár e-m, to
völdug-leikr, m. power, authority; as twist a wand in one’s hair, preparatory to
a title, yðvarr -leikr, your highness. beheading a culprit; (2) stripe, in cloth
völdugr, a. mighty, powerful (v. ok (segl stafat vendi blám ok rauðum).
mikils ráðandi). vöndull, m. bundle of hay (tóku þeir
völdug-skapr (-ar), m. = völdug- vöndul heys fyrir hvern hest).
leikr. vör (gen. varar, pl. varar), f. (1) a
völdu-liga, adv. proudly (láta -liga); fenced-in landing-place (sigla ór vörum);
-ligr, a. powerful. (2) wake; (3) = vörr, m.
völlr (gen. vallar, dat. velli; pl. vörð (pl. varðir), f. poet. woman.
vellir, acc. völlu), m. (1) field, (level) vörðr (gen. varðar, dat. verði; pl.
ground (þar vöru víða vellir sléttir); kasta verðir, acc. vörðu), m. (1) ward, warder
sér niðr við vellinum, to cast oneself down (Heimdallr er v. goða); hafa á sér vörðu,
flat on the ground; leggja e-n við (or at) to have watches out (þeir höfðu á, sér
velli, to lay one level with the ground, kill vörðu; Sverrir konungr hafði fengit njósn
one; hús mín liggja við velli, my house lies af, hvar verðir þeira vöru); (2) guard,
an the ground, is demolished; lauss á vel- watch; halda vörð, to keep watch or guard;
li, loose in the ranks, not steady; fastr á ganga á vörð, to mount guard; vera á
V

velli, firm, steady; vígligr á velli at sjá, verði, to be on guard; veita e-u vörð, to
martial to look at; friðr, mikill á velli, of watch, take care of.
fine, stout, appearance; (2) manured field, vörn (gen. varnar, pl. varnir), f. (1)

623
vörnuðr V vözt
defence (mun hans v. uppi, meðan landit -sekkr, m. sack (pack) of wadmal;
er byggt); til varnar, for defence (þeir -smíði, n. work in wood or metal; -váð,
höfðu engan liðskost til varnar); (2) in f. marketable cloth, common wadmal;
law, defence, opp. to ‘sókn’; bjóða til var- -virðr, a. marketable.
na, to call on the defendant to begin his vörzlu-maðr, m. warranter, surety.
pleadings; fœra v. fram fyrir mál, to act vöttr (gen. vattar, dat. vetti; pl.
for the defendant in a suit; (3) a point for vettir, acc. vöttu), m. glove (hafa vöt-
the defence, exception; Ásgrími tókst svá tu á höndum).
til, at v. var í máli hans, that there was a vöxtr (gen. vaxtar, dat. vexti; pl.
flaw in his suit. vextir, acc. vöxtu), m. (1) growth, in-
vörnuðr, m. warning (bjóða vörnuð); crease; ganga (fara) í vöxt, to increase;
cf. ‘varnaðr’ (2). (2) increase, interest; taka fé til vaxta, to
vörpu-ligr, a. of stout, stately appear- make it productive; (3) size, stature
ance (inn -ligsti maðr). (mikill, lítill vexti); haffœranda skip at
vörr (gen. varrar, pl. varrar, var- vexti, a sea-going ship in size; (4) way
rir), f. lip; vörr in efri, neðri, the upper, of growth, shape (líkr e-m á vöxt ok
lower lip; G. beit á vörrinni, G. bit his lip. viðbragð); (5) condition, state, the circum-
vörr (gen. varrar, dat. verri; pl. stance of a case (hann sagði honum alla
verrir, acc. vörru), m. a pull of the oar vöxtu, sem á vóru um þeira eyrendi); svá
(er þeir höfðu fá vörru róit frá landi); er mál með vexti, at, the case stands so
þeysa vörru, to pull with might and main that.
(ríkuliga hygg ek þá vörru þeysa). vöxtuligr, a. big, of great size.
vöru-hlaði, m. pile of wares (vara); vözt (pl. vaztir), f., see ‘vaztir’.

624
yðarr yfirhafnarlauss

Y
superior, master; -bót, f. (1) penance, pen-
itence (iðran ok -bót); (2) pl., -bœtr, com-

Y
pensation, atonement (bjóða e-m sætt ok
-bœtr); -bragð, n. (1) outward look, ap-
pearance, demeanour; með miklu -bragði,
of very imposing demeanour, magnificent;
(2) show, pretence, outer appearance (með
sáttgjarnligu -bragði); (3) surface (allt
yðarr or yðvarr, poss. pron. your; jarðarinnar -bragð).
yður fór, your journey; yðvart ríki, your yfirbragð-ligr, a. extraordinary.
kimgdom; tvá hesta skal hafa hverr yðarr, yfirbragðs-lítill, -mikill, a. poor,
each of you shall have two horses. grand, in look or appearance.
ydda (yddi), v. to show the point on the yfir-breizl, n. coverlet; -breizla, f.
other side (S. lagði sverðinu í gegnum coverlet; -buga (að), v. to overcome, sur-
hann, svá at út yddi um bakit). pass; -burðr, m. excess (-burðr um þat,
yðr, pron., dat. and acc. pl. you. er lögin segja); -bæriliga, adv. surpass-
yfir, prep. with dat. and acc.; I. with ing; -bæriligr, a. surpassing; -bœta
dat. over, above (hvers manns alvæpni (-tta, -ttr), v. to atone for; -dómandi,
hekk y. rúmi hans); sitja y. borðum, to -dómari, m. over-judge.
sit at table; s. yfir málum manna, to sit yfirdrepskapr (gen. -ar), m. dissimu-
at, attend to cases, as judge; konungr y. lation, pretence.
Englandi, king over E.; vaka y. e-m, to yfir-dróttning, f. sovereign queen;
wake or watch over; II. with acc. (1) over, -engill, m. archangel; -faðir, m. patri-
above (Skaði tók eitr-orm, ok festi upp arch; -fat, n. over-garment; -ferð, f. a
y. hann); hann tók y. sik skikkjuna, he passage over or through a country; visita-
put on the mantle; komast y. e-t, to come tion.
by a thing; (2) over, across, through (síðan yfirferðar-illr, a. difficult to pass.
fóru þeir y. Norðrá); (3) fig. over, beyond; yfir-fœriligr, a. passable; -för, f. (1)
hafa vöxt y. e-n, to have growth over, be = yfirferð (banna e-m fór); (2) visitation
taller than; fram y. aðra menn, beyond, (hafa -fór um sýslu sína); -ganga, f. (1)
above other men; (4) adverbial usages, sá passing through; (2) transgression; -gan-
kvittr kom y., passed over; kveld kemr y., gr, m. (1) passing through; (2) overbearing
evening draws on. conduct, tyranny, oppression.
yfir-afli, m. superior force; -afligr, yfirgangs-maðr, m. lordly man.
a. over-strong, very strong; -band, n. yfir-gefa, v. to forsake, abandon;
string to fasten the mouth of a bag; -berli- -girnd, f. excessive ambition; -gjarn, a.
gr, a. surpassing, extraordinary; -berr, ambitious; -gjarnligr, a. ambitious;
a. surpassing, extraordinary; -biskup, -gnæfa (-ða, -t), v. (1) to hang over, with
m. high priest; -bjóða, v. to rule over; dat.; (2) to impend, threaten; -gyðingr,
-boð, n. rule, command, authority; m. Pharisee.
-boðari, m. superior, master; -bóði, m. yfirhafnarlauss, a. without an upper

625
yfir-hlaup Y ymja
garment (vápnlausir ok -lausir). ment; -sýn, f. (1) appearance, look (friðr
yfir-hlaup, n. skipping; -hylma (-da, at -sýn); (2) superintendence; -sýnd, f. =
-dr), v. to hide; -höfðingi, m. over-cap- -sýn I; ljótr -sýndar = l. at -sýn; -sögn,
tain, ruler; -höfn, f. over-coat; -kenni- f. decision; -söngr, m. singing, service;
maðr, m. high-priest; -klerkr, m. over- -tak, n. transgression; -taka, v. = taka
clerk, one of the highest clergy; -klæði, yfir; -tyrma (-da, -dr), v. to overwhelm;
n. over-cloak; -koma, v. to overcome; geta -vald, n. (1) power, rule (Sveinn jarl hafði
-komit e-n, fá e-n -kominn, to manage to -vald í Nóregi); (2) the authorities (-vald
overcome one; -kominn af mœði, exhaust- staðarins); -varp, n. outward show; -vet-
ed; -konungr, m. supreme king; -kus- tugis, adv. to excess; -vinna, v. to van-
sari, m. corsair-chief; -land, n. land on quish, overcome; -vættis, adv. exceeding-
the other side; -lát, n. honour, favour; ly; -vættligr, a. exceedingly great.
hafði S. minnst -lát, S. was made least yfrinn, a. over-great, abundant, large, =
of; -leðr, n. upper leather, of shoes; ýrinn, œrinn (nil eru ok yfrin efni til, því
-lesning, f. perusal; -ligr, a. lying at ekki skortir oss lið); neut. as adv. very
above, celestial; -lit, n. look, personal ap- (yfrit mikill, djarfr, lengi).
pearance (-lit hennar ok kurteisi); esp. in yggjungr, m. ‘the wise one’; y. ása,
pl., líkr feðr sínum at -litum ok skaplyn- Odin.
di; -litr, m. = -lit; -læti, n. = -lát; vera yggr, a. anxious (yggt vas þeim síðan).
með e-m í miklu, góðu -læti, to be in ygla (-da, -dr), v. to wrinkle; hann
high favour with one; -maðr, m. superior, yglir brýnn, he knits the brows, he frowns;
master (Ólafr er betr til -manns fallinn refl., yglast á e-n, to frown at or upon one
en mínir synir); -mannligr, a. chieftain- (konungrinn ygldist á sveininn); ygldr,
like; -meistari, m. head-master; -port, pp. frowning.
n. lintel, = ofdyri; -ráðandi, m. master, ygli-brún, frowning brow.
commander (-ráðandi skipanna); -reið, f. ykkarr, possess. pron., dual, your;
‘riding over’, visitation; -seta, f. (1) task, ferð ykkur, your journey; hvárngan
business (ekki ætlaða ek, at þat væri min ykkarn Hákonar jarls mun hann spara, he
-seta at dœma milli þeira); (2) nursing a will spare neither of you, neither Hacon nor
sick person. thee.
yfirsetu-kona, f. midwife. ylfskr, a. wolfish, treacherous.
yfir-sjón, f. (1) supervision, inspection; ylgjast (ð), v. refl. to frown, look
(2) appearance, look; -skikkia, f. over- gloomy (tekr veðrit at y.).
cloak; -skipan, f. authority; -skygnari, ylgr (gen. ylgjar, dat. and acc. ylgi),
m. supervisor; -sloppr, m. outer gown; f. she-wolf (kom þar y. ein).
-sókn, f. = -ferð; -sterkari, a. compar. ylja (að), v. to warm, = verma.
stronger; verða, -sterkari, to get the upper ylmast (d), v. to chafe, rage (er hann
hand; -stiginn, pp. overcome; -stign- fann þat, ylmdist hann í móti).
ing, f. hyperbaton; -stígari, m. con- ylr (-jar, -ir), m. warmth.
queror; -stórmerki, n. pl. great won- yl-samligr, a. warm.
ders; -stöplan, f. transgression, infringe- ymja (ym, umda, umit), v. to whine,

626
ymni Y yztr
cry (svá bar hann prúðliga sóttina, at engi á e-t, to set about; en er þeir fundust, or-
maðr heyrði hann y.) ymr it aldna tré, tu bœndr þegar á til bardaga, the peasants

Y
the old tree grows umdu ölskálir, the ale- at once set upon them; Eiríkr jarl orti ekki
beakers rang. á at berjast við Erling, Eirik made no at-
ymni, m. hymn (syngja helga ymna). tempt to fight Erling; y. á e-n, to work up-
ymr, m. humming-sound, groaning (þá on; hvárki eldr né járn orti á þá, neither
heyrðu þau ym mikinn ok gný) ára y., fire nor iron did them any harm; y. orða
splashing of oars. á e-n, to address one, speak to one (hann
ymta (að), v. to talk of, mutter. svaraði stirt ok strítt, þá er menn ortu
ymtr, m. rumour (y. leikr í e-u). orða á hann); (4) refl., yrkist í um e-t, it
yndi, n. delight, happiness; njóta yndis, begins; (gerist nú svá sem dœmi finnast
to enjoy happiness, live in bliss; þeira sam- til, at á ortist um mannfallit); recipr. to
farar urðu ekki at y., their married life was attack one another (síðan fylktu þeir liði
not happy; nema, festa y. á e-m stað, to sínu ok ortust á ok börðust); þeir ortust
feel happy in a place; ok hvárki nam hann á vísur, they competed in verse-making.
y. á Íslandi né í Nóregi, he found no rest yrkr, a. working, when one may work =
in Iceland or in Norway. virkr (yrkir tímar).
yndi-fall, n. bereavement; -liga, adv. yrmlingr, m. ‘wormling’, little snake
charmingly; -ligr, a. pleasurable (með (ötul augu sem yrmlingi).
fagnaði ok -ligu lífi). yrmt, a. n. swarming with vermin (hér
yndis-bót, f. increase of bliss; -staðr, er víða y.).
m. place of bliss (of Eden). yss, m. noise, bustle of a crowd (þá var
ynglingr, m. young-person, youth. yss mikill í skálanum).
ynni-ligr, a., -samligr, a. lovely. ystast, v. refl. to curdle (þat rennr
yppa (-ta, -t), v. to lift up, raise; y. saman ok ystist sem mjölk).
hurðum, to open the doors; y. hans lofi, to ytri, better ýtri, a. compar., yztr,
extol him. better ýztr, superl. outer, outermost.
yppi-mannliga, adv. like a great man yxn, m. pl. or n. pl. oxen, see ‘uxi’.
(þeir létu hit -mannligasta). yxna, a. indecl. in heat (kýr y.).
yr, prep. out of, = ór, úr, or. yxna-flokkr, m. a herd or drove of ox-
yrkis-efni, n. pl. subject of a poem. en; -liki, n. the shape of oxen; -réttr,
yrkja (yrki, orta, ortr), v. (1) to m. oxfold.
work, esp. to fill, cultivate (y. jörðina, lan- yxni, n. ox (y. fimm vetra gamalt).
dit); (2) to make verses (y. kvæði, drápu, yxnis-fall, n. carcass of an ox; -húð, f.
lof, níð, háðung um e-n); absol., hann hide of an ox; -hvarf, n. disappearance of
var kærr konungi ok orti vel, he was an ox.
beloved by the king, and a good poet; (3) y. yztr, a. superl., see ‘ytri’.

627
ý-bogi ýtri

Ý
diverse (-ligir dauðligir hlutir, -ligar
þjóðir).
ýmiss (neut. ýmist; pl. ýmissir, ýmis-
sar, usually contracted ýmsir or ymsir,
ýmsar or ymsar, neut. ýmis, ýmsi or
ýms), a. now this, now that (ýmist hann
hugði); hann gerði ýmist, hjó eða lagði,
he cut and thrust alternately; esp. pl. vari-
ý-bogi, m. a yew-tree bow. ous, sundry, now these, now those, by turns
ýðgi, f. mind, disposition (harðýðgi, (höfðu ymsir sigr); í ymsum stöðum, in
grunnýðgi). various places; reka kaupferðir til ýmissa
ýfa (-ða, -ðr), v. to rip up (ý. mál); landa, to go on trading expeditions to var-
refl., ýfast, to become ruffled, get angry ious countries; einir ok ýmissir, one and
(þótti mér sá björninn, er fyrir varð, ý. another, sundry; allir ok þó ýmissir, all by
mjök); tók at ý. með þeim, they began to turn; ýmist … eða, now … now, sometimes
be on bad terms; ý. við e-n, to provoke one, … sometime (Bolli var ýmist í Tungu eða
pick a quarrel with one (Magnús son hans at Helga felli).
ýfðist mjök við Harald). ýr (gen. ýs, dat. ý), m. (1) yew tree; (2)
ýfinn, a. ruffled, wroth, angry. bow of yew, = ýbogi.
ýfis-orð, n. pl. irritating or ruffling ýra (-ða), v. to shed in small drops; refl.,
words, taunts. ýrast, to drizzle; ýrðist dögg reyfit, dew
ýgjast (ð), v. to grow vicious, of a bull settled on the fleece.
(graðungrinn tók at ý.). ýrinn (contr. from ‘yfrinn’), a. abun-
ýgr, a. fierce, gruff, stern. dant, = yfrinn, œrinn.
ýja (úði), v. to swarm, teem. ýsa, f. haddock.
ýki (dat. pl. ýkjum), n. (1) exageration ýskja (-ta, -t), v. = œskja.
(telja e-t með ýkjum); (2) aggravation. ýta (ýtta, ýtt), v. (1) to push out,
ýkva, v. = víkva, víkja. launch (ý. báti, skipi); ý. e-u at e-m í hönd
ýla (-da, -t), v. to howl, yelp, of dogs, e-m, to push it towards one; (2) to put out
wolves; ýla, f. howl, howling. to sea, start on a voyage (þat skal yðr kun-
ýlda, f. decay, rottenness, stench. nigt gera, at vé ýttum af Nóregi).
ýling, f. howling. ýtar, m. pl., poet. men (ýta synir).
ýmis-leikr, m. fickleness, mutability; ýtri, ýztr, see ‘ytri’, ‘yztr’.
-liga, adv. variously; -ligr, a. various,

628
þaðan þar

Þ
þakk-látligr, a. grateful (-látlig tár);
-látr, a. thankful, grateful; -læti, n.
thank-fulness, gratitude; -næmr, a. =
-látr; -samliga, adv. thankfully, grateful-
ly; biðja -samliga, to be, hard; -samligr,
a. thankful, grateful.
þak-lauss, a. thatchless, roofless;
-næfrar, f. pl. bark used for thatching;
þaðan, adv. (1) thence, from there (þ. -vana, a. indecl. = -lauss.
heldu þeir suðr til Danmerkr); þ. af = þ. þambar-skelfir, m. paunch-shaker, a
(þ. af falla ár þær, er svá heita); hón var nickname.
skamt þ. á veizlu, she was a little way off, þang, n. sea-weed, sea-wrack.
at a feast; (2) fig., þ. mátti skilja, thence þangat, adv. thither, to that place (hann

Þ
it could be understood; skulu vér þ. at ve- hleypr þ.); hingat ok þ., hither and thith-
ra, we will be on that side; þ. af veit ek, er; þ. til, till that time.
therefrom I know; allan helming, eða þ. þangat-ferð, -för, f. a journey thith-
af meira, a full half and even more; (3) of er; -koma, f. a coming thither arrival.
time, after that (þ. eru tólf nætr til Þor- þang-floti, m. drift of sea-weed;
láks-messu); þ. af, þ. frá, þ. í frá, from -skurðr, m. cutting of sea-weed.
that time (þ. af varð hann hinn grim- þannig, þannug, þanninn, adv. =
masti). þann veg; (1) that way, thither (þeir höfðu
þaðra, adv. there, = þar. þ. farit kaupferð); (2) this way, thus, so
þafðr, pp., see ‘þefja’. (Þorkell grunar, hvárt þ. mun farit hafa).
þaga, f. silence, in ‘endr-þaga’. þanns = þann es, þann er.
þagall, a. silent, = þögull. þar, adv. (1) there, at that place (þ. var
þagat, adv. thither, = þangat. fjölmenni mikit); þ. er, þ. sem, there
þagga (að), v. to silence, put to silence where; þeir þóttust þar eiga allt traust er
(þ. mann, börn). hann var, they thought that all their hope
þag-mælskr, a. silent, discreet. was there where he was; fig. there, in that
þagna (að), v. to become silent (konun- case, at that point (lýkr þar viðskiptum
gr þagnar við); síðan er hann þagnaði, þeira); þ. sem, þ. er, whereas; þú gerir
when he left of speaking. þik góðan, þ. sem þú ert þjófr ok morðin-
þagnar-, gen. from ‘þögn’; -hald, n. gi, whereas thou art both thief and murder-
keeping silent; -stund, f. pause; -tími, er; mun F. annat ráð taka, þar sem hann
m. time of silence. hefir drepit Njál föðurbróður minn, see-
þak, n. (1) bed-cover; (2) thatch, roof. ing that he has killed N.; (2) there, thith-
þakiðr, pp. from ‘þekja’; kunna mjöt er (var þat ákveðit nær konungr skyldi
þakinna næfra, to know how many bark- þar koma); (3) with prep. = an oblique
flakes to use in thatching. case of the demonstrative pronoun þ. af,
þakka (að), v. to thank (þ. e-m e-t). therefrom, from that, = af því þ. at, there-
þakkan, f. thanking, thanks. at; þ. á, thereupon; þ. eptir, after that,

629
þara-brúk Þ þá
thereafter; þ. fyrir, therefore; þ. í, therein; þarfr, a. useful (hann var þeim þ.).
þ. í móti, in return (þ. í móti vil ek eiga þarf-samliga, adv. duly, gratefully;
hálft dýrit); þ. með, therewith, besides; þ. -sæll, -sælligr, useful, profitable.
ór, there from, there out of; þ. til, there- þari, m. sea-weed.
to; þ. til er, to the place where (O. gekk þar-koma, -kváma, f. coming there, ar-
þ. til, er H. var); till, until (konungr ríðr rival; -kominn, pp. arrived there;
langa leið til er hann finnr eitt hús); þ. -lands, adv. in that land.
um, about that, = um þat (verið eigi þ. um þarlands-höfðingi, -maðr, m. a
hugsjúkir); þ. undir, there underneath; þ. chief, native, of that land.
út í frá, furthermore, besides; þ. við, there- þar-lendr, -lenzkr, a. native.
by, by that; þ. yfir, there above. þarmr (-s, -ar), m. gut, intestine; cf.
þara-brúk, n. heap of sea-weed; -nyt- ‘endaþarmr’, ‘smáþarmar’.
jar, f. pl. the use of sea-weed. þarna, adv. there (menn fara þ.).
þar-borgarmaðr, m. inhabitant of þarnast (að), v. refl., see ‘þarfna’.
that town. þars, adv. = þar es, see ‘þar’.
þarfa (að), v. impers., e-m þarfar e- þar-vera, -vist, f. sojourn (staying)
t, it is necessary for one, one is in want there, at that place.
of (fekk svá mikinn fjárhlut sem honum þat, pron. (1) neut. from ‘sá’, that, it
þótti sér þ.). (þ. var einhverju sinni, at); (2) so = svá
þarfa-gangr, m. urine, excrement. (sagðist hann mundu vera þeim þ. úþarfr
þarfi, a. needing, in want of (þá er hann sem hann mætti); (3) conj. that, = at
þykkist liðs þ. vera). (sagði sönn tíðindi af ferðum Þorgils ok
þarfindi, n. pl. things needful, neces- þat hann hafði eltan Hrafn á fjöll upp).
saries (keypti sér mat ok önnur þ.). þat-ki, ’that not’; þatki at, when … not
þarf-lausa, f. = -leysa; -lausligr, a. (til hvers skal ek þjóna honum lengr, þat-
needless; -lauss, a. needless, useless (- ki at ek fá mála minn falslaust); not even
laust eyrendi); at -lausu, needlessly; that (þatki at þú hafir brœkr þinar).
-látliga, adv. meekly, humbly; -látr, a. þatz = þat es, þat er, = þaz.
humble; -leysa, f. needlessness (láta þat þatztu = þat es þú, that which thou.
mart eptir börnum, er -leysa er); -leysi, þaular, f. pl. complicated state of
n. = -leysa. things; mæla sik í þ., to talk oneself into
þarfleysu-, in compounds, useless, troubles.
mischievous (-erendi, -forvitni, -glens, þaular-vágr, m. winding creek (róum
-hugsan, -tal, -upphlaup). út ór þessum -vági).
þarf-liga, adv. humbly = -látliga; þausn, f. bustle, wild fray, tumult.
-ligr, a. useful. þausna-lauss, a. without tumult.
þarfna (að), v. to be needful, necessary; þaz = þatz, þat es, þat er.
refl., þarfnast, to lack, want, be without, þá, adv. (1) then, at that time (var hón þá
with acc. (svá at vit þarfnimst eigi alla fjórtán vetra gömul); þá er, þá es, when
góða hluti). (Y. var með þorvaldi, þá er Einarr var
þarfhan, f. need, want. veginn); þá ok þá, at every moment (létu

630
þá Þ þegn-skapr
sem þeir mundi fara norðir þá ok þá); þef-lauss, a. smell-less, vapid.
(2) then, there-upon (et næsta Gunnari sat þefr, m. (1) smell; (2) taste.
Njáll, þá Skarphéðinn, þá Helgi, þá þega, f. present, gift (dýrlig þ.).
Grimr); (3) then, in that case (þykki mér þegar, adv. (1) at once, forthwith (hón
þá vel sýslat, ef þú heyrir orð Svíako- gekk þ. til hans); þá var hann þ. fjarri,
nungs); (4) pleonastic, beginning the then he was already far away; þ. á unga
apodosis, then (ok er Illugi bjóst, þá sat aldri, when quite young; þ. í stað, at once;
Gunnlaugr í stofu); en af því at…, þá, Þ. bar merkit þ. eptir honum, immediate-
þá hann miskunn af konunginum, but be- ly after him; (2) þ. er, þ. es, þ. sem, þ. at,
cause…, then he received mercy from the as soon as; (3) = þ. er (þ. Skapti vissi þet-
king; (5) when, = þá er (ferr nú til Arna, ta, gekk hann til búðar Snorra goða).
þá konungr er þar at veizlu). þegars = þegar er, as soon as.
þá, f. thawed ground (þeir reka spor sem þegat, adv. = þangat, þagat.

Þ
hundar bæði á þá ok hjarni). þegja (þegi, þagða, þagat), v. to be
þá-fjall, n. ‘thawed fell’; henda hrein silent (R. þagði við); þegi þú!, be silent!;
á -fjalli, to catch a reindeer on the thawing with gen., þegi þú þeira orða, keep silence
hill-side. from such words, speak not so; þ. yfir e-
þá-leiðar, -leiðis, adv. that way, thus, u, to keep silent about, conceal (kvað hana
= á þá leið. hølsti lengi hafa, þagat yfir svá góðri
þána (að), v. to thaw, = þiðna. ætt).
þás, conj. when, = þá es, þá er. þegn, m. (1) thane, franklin, freeman,
þáttr (gen. þáttar, pl. þættir, acc. man; Mörðr kvaddi oss kviðar þegna níu,
þáttu), m. (1) a single strand of a rope M. summoned us nine franklins on this in-
(skar í sundr átta þáttuna í festinni); fig., quest; hann lézt eigi vita, hverr þ. hann
þættir ættar minnar, strands of my race; væri, he said he knew not what person he
(2) section, division, esp. a section of law was; þ. ok þræll, freeman and bondman,
(kristinna laga þ.); (3) short story (Þ. all men; ek ok mínir þegnar, I and my
Orms Stórólfssonar). men; (2) a good (liberal) man (svá er sagt,
þefa (að), v. to smell, sniff. at hann sé ekki mikill þ. við aðra menn af
þefaðr, pp., illa þ., ill-smelling, foul. fé sínu); (3) liegeman, subject (þeir játuðu
þefan, f. smelling, smell. skattgjöfum ok gerðust konungs þegnar).
þef-góðr, a. sweet-smelling. þegn-gildi, n. the weregild for a ‘þegn’
þefja (þafða, þafðr), v. to stir, thick- 3.
en; remains only in the pp.; hann hafði þegnskapar-maðr, m. liberal man.
þá eigi þafðan sinn graut, he had not þegn-skapr, m. (1) honour; leggja (fela)
cooked his porridge thick. e-t undir -skap sinn, to swear upon one’s
þefja (að), v. (1) to smell; (2) to emit honour, pledge one’s honour to a thing; (2)
a smell (min fœzla þefjar betr hverjum liberality, generosity (honum eyddist fé
ilm). fyrir-skapar sakir); reyna -skap Flosa, to
þefjaðr, pp. smelling (vel þ.). put Flosi’s generosity to the proof; -skyl-
þefka (að), v. to smell, = þefja. da, f. the duty of a thane towards his liege

631
þeima Þ þerra
lord, allegiance (játa e-m -skyldu). þátti (old pret. = þekti), when Fafnir’s
þeima, old dat., sing. and plur., = þes- slayer espied the burg; (2) to comprehend
sum, to this, to these (á þ. bœ, á þ. (mátt þú nú þat þ., er fyrr sagða ek þér);
mánuðum). (3) to know, recognize (þóttist hón þ. bar-
þeimon, þeimun, all the = þeim mun nit); (4) refl., þekkjast e-t, to comply
(þ. harðara). with, consent to, accept of (þeir þektust
þeims = þeim es, þeim er. þetta boð gjarna); þ. e-m, to please; megi
þeir (þær, þau), demonstr. pron. pl. þér (dat.) mitt líf þ., may it please thee.
they, those, answering to the sing. ‘sá, sú, þekkr, a. agreeable, liked; þ. e-m or við
þat’, and ‘hann, hón, þat’; (1) the neut. e-n (þýðr em ok þ. við sína menn).
pl. ‘þau’ as collective for a masc. and þekt, f. agreeableness.
fem.; síðan gengu þau (sc. Njáll and þekta (-kta), v. to silence; hann þekti
Bergthora) inn bæði; (2) ‘þeir’ is fre- menn af orðum þessum, he forbade men
quently used before an adv., or a prep. to utter these words.
with its complement; þeir norðr þar, þel, n. the inner and finer wool.
those there in the north; þeir fyrir austan þél, f. file (þ. er smiðar-tól).
árnar, those east of the rivers; (3) þéla (að), v. to file, = sverfa.
pleonast. before the names of two or þela-högg, n. ice-hoe; -lauss, a. un-
more persons; þau Ásgerðr ok Þorsteinn, frozen, thawed, of the ground (illt yfirfer-
Asgerd and Thorstein; börn þeira ðar, þá er þelalaust er).
Hildigunnar ok Kára váru þeir Starkaðr þel-högg, n. = þelahögg.
ok Flosi, the children of H. and K. were þeli, m. frozen ground, frost in the
these, S. and F.; þeir feðgar, father and ground (var þá allr þ. ór jörðu).
son; (4) ellipt., before the name of a sin- þelli, n. fine-wood; -safi, n. the sap of
gle person; þeir Oddr, O. and his men; frá a young pine-trees (þeir átu -safa); -viði,
skiptum þeira Þórðar, about the dealings n. pine-trees.
of Thord and Björn; þau Asgerðr, Asgerd þéna (að, or -ta), v. to serve.
and her son (Thorstein). þénari, m. servant.
þeirs = þeir es, þeir er, those who. þénasta, f. service, = þjónusta.
þeisti, m. black guillemot. þengill, m. poet. prince, king.
þekja (þak; þakta; þakiðr, þaktr, þenja (þen; þandi; þaniðr, þandr,
þakinn), v. to thatch, cover; skjöldum er þaninn), v. to stretch, extend (þ. skinn,
salr þakiðr, the hall is thatched with húð); þ. vömbina, to distend, fill the belly.
shields; þ. sundit alt með skipum to lay þerfi-ligr, a. useful, convenient.
the ships right across the sound. þermlast (að), v. refl. (1) to lack, miss,
þekja, f. thatch, roof. want, with gen. (þá er maðr þermlast síns
þekki-liga, adv. with grace; -ligr, a. gripar); (2) to differ from, with dat. (allt
handsome; eigi -ligr, ill-favoured. mál þat, er þerm. last alþýðligu orðtaki).
þekkja (-ta, -tr), v. (1) to perceive, es- þerms-ligr, a. meet, fit.
py, notice (ok er konungr þekkir, at svein- þerna, f. (1) tern; (2) maid-servant.
ninn er heill); þás bani Fáfnis borg of þerra (-ða, -ðr), v. (1) to dry, make dry

632
þerra Þ þili-viðr
(þ. hey, föt); (2) to dry, wipe (griðkona þéttr, a. tight, watertight, opp. to ‘lekr’
þerði fœtr sína á þúfu); hann þerði blóðit (í skinnbrókum þéttum).
af andlitinu, he wiped the blood off the þeygi, conj. yet not, = þó eigi; þ.
face; hón tók skikkjuna ok þerði með Guðrún gráta mátti, yet G. could not
blóðit alit, and wiped off all the blood with weep; þeygi … þótt, not … althouah.
it; þ. sér á e-u, to wipe oneself on or with a þeyr (gen. þeys, pl. þeyir), m. thaw.
thing. þeysa (-ta, -tr), v. (1) to spirt out, gush
þerra, f. towel, = handklæði. forth (þeysti E. upp ór sér spýju mikla);
þerra-leysi, n. want of dry weather. (2) to make rush on (þá þeysti hann líð
þerri-dagr, m. dry day; -leysa, f. wet sitt at þeim fram); þ. reiðina, to ride at
season. a gallop; with dat. (þ. út úvígum her ór
þerrileysu-sumar, n. wet summer. borginni); absol., þeir þeystu þá sem
þerrir (gen. -is, pl. -ar), m. (1) drying; harðast at þeim, they rushed violently on

Þ
breiða e-t til þerris, to spread it out for them; (3) refl., þeysast, to dash, rush on
drying; (2) dry weather (um haustit kómu (þá þeystist eptir allr múgrinn).
þerrar góðir). þeyta (-tta, -ttr), v. to make sound; þ.
þerri-samr, a. good for drying, of a lúðr, to blow the trumpet.
season; -sumar, n. dry summer (= þer- þey-viðri, n. thawing weather, thaw, =
risamt sumar). þeyr.
þess, gen. sing. from ‘sá, þat’; (1) de- þið or þit, dual. ye.
noting mode, kind, manner, so, thus, of þiðinn, a. thawed free from ice.
that kind (sér þú nú þess, er þér þykki þiðna (að), v. to thaw, melt away (fyrr
með undarligu móti); hefi ek nökkut þ. en ísa leysti ok sjár tœki at þ.).
gört, at þér mislíki, have I done aught that þiðurr (gen. þiðurs, pl. þiðrar), m.
it should mislike thee? (2) þ. er, in so far as wood-grouse, capercailye.
(hón var allra kvenna kurteisust at öllum þiggja (þigg; þá, þágum; þeginn), v.
hlutum, þ. er hann hafði spurt); þ. þó, (1) to receive, accept of; þ. e-t af e-m, at
at, yet so that (vilda ek helzt hafa atferð e-m, to receive (get) from one, at one’s
ok höfðingskap Hrólfs kraka, þ. þó, at ek hands; þ. e-t at gjöf, to receive as a pre-
helda allri kristni ok trú minni); (3) with sent; þ. e-n undan, to get one relieved, set
a compar. the more, so much the more, = free (ef þér vilit þessa menn undan þ.);
því (þ. meirr er hinn drekkr, þ. meirr þyr- (2) absol., to take lodging, receive hospi-
stir hann). tality for a night (þigg þú hér, Sigurðr!);
þess-háttar, gen. of that kind. (3) to accept (þóttist jarl þá vita, at Óðinn
þessi (þessi, þetta), demonstr. pron. mundi þegit hafa blótit).
this (þ. kona, or kona þ.); í þessu, in this þikkja, v.; see ‘þykkja’.
moment. þil, n. = þili; -far, n. deck of a ship;
þess-konar, gen. of that kind; -liga, -fjöl, f. deal-board.
adv. on this wise; -ligr, a. of such appear- þili, n. wainscot, panel, board, partition
ance, such (-ligr er varningr þinn). (þeir brutu upp þilit).
þétt-ligr, a. tight (skipin eigi -lig). þili-viðr, m. wainscot.

633
þilja Þ þings-afglöpun
þilja (þil; þilda; þilitir, þildr, munity; -fœrr, a. able to go to a public
þilinn), v. to cover with deals, to board, assembly; eiga -fœrt = eiga -gengt; -för,
plank. f. = -ferð; -gengt, a. n., in the phrase,
þilja, f. deal, plank, planking, esp. on eiga -gengt, to have free admission to the
a ship; pl. the deck (far þú undir þiljur ‘þing’; -há (pl. -hár), f. a þing-district
niðr). or community (konungr fór í allar -hár ok
þing, n. (1) assembly, meeting; esp. for kristnaði þarallan lýð); -heimr, m. the
purposes of legislation, a parliament; slí- assembly at a ‘þing’; -helgr, f. (1) the
ta þingi, segja þ. laust, to dissolve a meet- consecrated precincts or boundary of a pub-
ing; (2) parish; (3) district, county, shire; lic assembly; (2) the ceremony of hallowing
vera í þingi goða, to be in the district of an assembly; -heyjandi, m. a ‘þing-per-
such and such a ‘goði’, to be his liegeman, former’, any person who visits a ‘þing’,
in his jurisdiction; (4) interview, of lovers; on a summons to perform any public du-
vera í þingum við konu, to have a love ty; -hús, n. a house in which a meeting
intrigue with a woman (þat var talat, at is held, esp. a Jewish synagogue; -kostr,
Þorbjórn væri í þingum við Þórdísi); (5) m. = -veizla; -lag, n. the public standard
in pl. things articles, valuables (síðan tók of value, as fixed at a ‘þing’; -lausnir,
hón þing sín, en Þorsteinn tók hornin). f. pl. the dissolution of a parliament (skal
þinga (að), v. (1) to hold a meeting (ko- hann eigi fara af þingi fyrir -lausnir); -lo-
nungar tóku þar veizlur ok þinguðu við gi, m. one who breaks his engagement to
bœndr); (2) to consult, discuss (ekki veit attend a meeting; -lok, n. the conclusion
ek, hvat þeir þinga); þeir þinguðu um, (end) of a ‘þing’; -maðr, m. (1) a person
hvat at skyldi gøra, they discussed what present at an assembly, a member of par-
was to be done. liament; (2) a liegeman belonging to this
þinga-menn, m. pl. the housecarles or or that þing-community (þeir vóru -menn
bodyguard of King Canute and his succes- Þorgeirs goða).
sors in England. þingmanna-leið, f. the way taken in
þingan, f. debate, holding counsel. riding to the ‘þing’; -lið, n. the king’s
þinga-prestr, m. vicar of a parish. housecarles in England.
þingat, adv. thither, = þangat. þing-mark, n. (1) the boundary or
þing-boð, n. ‘assembly-summons’, in precincts of a public assembly; (2) district
the shape of a stick, cross, or axe; jurisdiction (ef maðr tekr hjú ór öðru
-borinn, pp. presented at an assembly; -marki); -mót, n. a public meeting;
-brekka, f. bank or slope at an assembly- -nest, n. provisions on a journey to the
place; -deila, -deild, f. a quarrel at a ‘þing’; -reið, f. a riding to attend parlia-
public meeting. ment; -reitt, a. n., in the phrase, eiga
þingfarar-kaup, n. a fee for travelling -reitt = eiga -fœrt; -rikr, a. influential in
to the parliament. the parliament; -rof, n. dissolution of a
þing-fastr, a. belonging, to a certain public meeting.
county (þing); -ferð, f. journey to the þings-afglöpun, f. contempt of the
‘þing’; -festi, f. domicile in a þing-com- ‘þing’; -boð, n. = þingboð.

634
þingskapa-bálkr Þ þjóð-á
þingskapa-bálkr, -þáttr, m. the sec- fresh, of water; (3) insipid, flat.
tion of law relating to ‘þingsköp’. þjarka, f. quarrel (gøra þjörku).
þing-sköp, n. pl. the rules or regulations þjarma (að), v. to handle roughly (þ. at
of a parlament; -sókn, f. = -há; -staðr, e-m).
m. a place where a parliament is held; þjá (þjá, þjáða, þjáðr), v. to constrain,
-stefna, f. a summons to a ‘þing’; -stöð, enthral, enslave; hann var þjár til vinnu,
f. = -staðr; -tak, n. the passing of a law by he was forced to work as a bondsman.
a public meeting. þjákaðr, pp. = þjakaðr.
þingu-nauðr, m. (1) a member of a þjálmi, m. snare, trap, toil.
community or ‘þing’; (2) parishioner. þján, f. bondage, servitude, oppression
þing-veizla, f. entertainment at an as- (þján á þrældómr).
sembly; -vika, f. the week during which þjáning, f. affliction, distress.
the parliament sits; -vist, f. = -festi; þjokk-liga, adv. frequently, often.

Þ
-víti, n. a fine for not appearing when þjokkr, a. thick, dense, = þykkr.
summoned; -vært, a. n., in the phrase, þjó, n. the thickest part of the thigh.
eiga -vært, to be allowed to be present at þjóð (pl. -ir), f. people, nation (allar
a ‘þing’, of an outlaw; -völlr, m. ‘parlia- þjóðir ok tungur); þ. eru þrír tigir, thirty
ment-field’, a place where the ‘þing’ sat. make a ‘þjóð’; þ. veit, ef þrir ‘ro, what
þinig, þinnig, adv. poet. hither, = þen- three know, all the world (soon) knows.
na veg. þjóðann, m. poet. prince, ruler.
þinn (þin, þitt), possess. pron. thy, þjóð-á, f. great river, chief river;
thine; þ. heljar-karl, thou hell-carle!; hun- -braut, f. high road; -drengr, m. good
drinn þ., thou dog! man, brave fellow; -gata, f. = -braut;
þinnig, adv.; see ‘þinig’. -góðr, a. very good, excellent; -hagr, a.
þinull, m. the edge-rope of a net. masterly in skill or craft; -hlið, n. public
þinurr, m. (1) a kind of resinous fir- (main) gate; -konungr, m. great king,
tree; (2) fig. bow. sovereign; -kunnr, a. very famous;
þistill, m. thistle (þistlar ok illgresi). -land, n. great country; -leið, f. high
þit or þið, dual, ye two, = it, ið. road, esp. on the sea (sigldu þeir -leið til
þíða (þídda, þíddr), v. to melt, thaw líðandisness); -leiðr, a. much hated, ex-
(síðan vóru eldar görvir ok þídd klæði ecrated; -lygi, f. great lie, slander, calum-
manna). ny; -löð, f. hearty welcome; -menni, n.
þíðna (að), v.; see ‘þiðna’. brave man; -mærr, a. glorious; -nýtr,
þíðr, a. not ice-bound, thawed (ísum a. very excellent; -ráð, n. excellent plan
þakt eða þítt); meðan áin er þíð, whilst (þetta þykkir mér -ráð); -skáld, n. great
the river is open. poet; -smiðr, m. master-craftsman, great
þínsligr, a. like thee. artist; -stefna, f. a meeting of the whole
þísl, f. poet. cart-pole. people, public meeting; -sterkr, a. very
þjakaðr, pp. exhausted, worn (þ. af kul- strong; -sýniliga, adv. in the sight of all
da, göngu ok erviði). people, openly; -sýniligr, a. open, clear,
þjarfr, a. (1) unleavened, of bread; (2) vehement; -vegr, m. high road, = -braut;

635
þjófa Þ þoka
-vel, very well, excellently; -vitnir, m. without sacrament; (2) without divine ser-
poet. the great wolf. vice; -maðr, m. man-servant; -mjúkr, a.
þjófa (að), v. to call one a thief. officious, obliging; -mær, f. maid-servant;
þjóf-laun, f. thievish concealment of a -samr, a. ready to serve; -semd, f. readi-
thing; -ligr, a. thievish. ness to serve; -skyldr, a. in duty bound;
þjófnaðr (gen. -ar), m. theft. -sveinn, m. page, male servant; -tekja,
þjófr (-s, -ar), m. thief. f. taking of the sacrament; -verk, n. per-
þjófs-augu, n. pl. thief’s eyes. formance of service (gera -verk).
þjóf-skapr, m. theft; -snara, f. thief’s þjónusta, f. = þjónosta.
halter (hanga í -snöru). þjórr (-s, -ar), m. bull.
þjófs-nafn, n. the name of a thief; þjós, f. carcass of a whale, = fjós.
-nautr, m. a partaker with thieves (illa er þjóstr, m. anger, fury, vehemence.
þá, ef ek em -nautr). þjóst-samliga, adv. furiously.
þjóf-sók, f. a charge or accusation of þjóta (þýt; þaut, þutum; þotinn), v.
theft; -stolinn, pp. stolen. (1) to emit a loud or whistling sound, of the
þjó-hnappr, m. buttock; -leggr, m. wind, surf, waves, leaves of trees; øxin
the thigh bone. þaut, the axe whistled; á þaut af þjósti, a
þjóna (að), v. (1) to serve (settist hann river roared with fury; reiðar-þrumur þjó-
heima ok þjónaði ekki konungi); þ. til e- ta, the thunder roars; úlfar, vargar þjóta,
s, to serve, pay homage to (kvaðst hann the wolves howl; þ. í horn, to blow a horn
skyldr at þ. til konungs); to deserve (launa or trumpet (áðr halr hugfullr í horn um
þeim sem þeir hafa til þjónat); þ. undir e- þaut); (2) to rush; þ. upp, to dart up, start
n, to serve under one; (2) to attend on as a up (þá þutu upp allir); (3) þ. á, to burst
servant, wait on (hón þjónaði honum eigi on one like a storm, = dynja á (varði mik
verr enn bónda sínum). trautt, at svá skjótt mundi á þjóta, sem
þjónan, f. service, attendance. nú er).
þjónasta, f. = þjónosta, þjónusta. þjótandi, f. the name of a vein.
þjónka (að) v. to serve, = þjóna. þjörku-drjúgr, a. quarrelsome.
þjónkan, f. service, = þjónan. þoka, f. fog; mist (væta mikil ok þ.).
þjónn (-s, -ar), m. servant, attendant. þoka (að), v. (1) to move, with dat.
þjónosta, þjónusta, f. (1) service (ve- (Hrútr þokaði nú bústað sínum); (2) to
ra í e-s þjónostu); (2) divine service (guðs move oneself, move, = þokast þ. at e-m, to
þ.); (3) the eucharist. go near to, approach; fram þoki herr, let
þjónosta (að), v. to serve, esp. to ad- the men move forwards; þú skalt þ. fyrir
minister the sacrament to one. konu þessi, thou shall give place to this
þjónostu-bundinn, pp. bound in ser- woman; þ. undan e-m, to give way, yield
vice or allegiance; -embætti, n. divine to one; þokar áleiðis um e-t, it goes well
service; -fólk, n. servant-folk; -fullr, a. (húskarlinn kvað vel þ. áleiðis um heilsu
serviceable, ready to serve; -gjóld, n. pl. manna); afleiðis þokar um kurteisi kar-
wages for service; -gørð, f. divine service; lanna, it goes backwards with the manners
-kona, f. female servant; -lauss, a. (1) if men; (3) to change, alter (eigi skal for-

636
þokka Þ þorn
num samkomu-málum þ.); (4) refl., manns þ., no man can bear that; cf. ‘úþol’.
þokast, to be displaced (þokast þá nökkut þola (þolda, þolt or þolat), v. (1) to
steina-sørvit); lítt þokaðist á um mann- bear, endure, suffer (þ. högg, mannraun
fallit, it made little progress. dauða); reyna, hvárt hann þyldi járn eða
þokka (að), v. (1) to think so and so eigi, to try whether he could bear iron or
of, like; ymsa vega þokka menn þat, men not; þ. hart, to suffer hardship; hversu þol-
think variously of it; konungr þokkar ekki di S. í brennunni, how did S. bear the
mitt mil, he likes it not; (2) þ. með e-m, burning?; (2) þ. e-m e-t, to bear it at one’s
to side with one, take one’s part (hvárra hand (kann verap at þá sá nökkurir svá
líðsmenn þokkuðu með sínum höfðing- röskvir, at ei þoli jarli allan ósóma); þ. ei-
ja); (3) refl., þokkast, to be liked (hann gi lög, not to bear the law; eigi skal þat, ok
kemr sér í tal við menn, ok þokkaðist skal þ. Snorra lög, S. shall have the bene-
hann vel). fit of the law; (3) to feel at rest, be still or

Þ
þokka-bót, f. reparation, redress. quiet; þá œðist dýrit svá at þat þolir hver-
þokkaðr, pp., þ. e-m, af e-m, liked by gi, so that it has no rest; fylgdi svá mikill
one; illa þ., ill-liked. verkr, at hann mátti hvergi kyrr þola, so
þokka-góðr, a. engaging, amiable; great pain that he could nowhere remain
-gœði, n. favour, grace; -kona, f. mis- quiet.
tress, paramour; -maðr, m. lover; -mót, þolanligr, a. tolerable, to be tolerated.
n. good favour, grace; -samr, a. well-liked, þolin-móðliga, adv. with patience;
popular (-samr af e-m); -sæld, f. popular- -móðr, a. patient; -mœði, f. patience,
ity; -sæll, a. in good favour, well-beloved long-suffering.
(-sæll af alþýðu). þolinn, a. lasting, durable; enduring
þokki, m. (1) thought, opinion; (2) lik- (þrekinn ok þ. við vás ok erviði).
ing; leggja þokka til e-s, á e-n, to take a þol-leysi, n. lack of endurance; -ligr,
liking for (Leifr lagði þokka á konu þú, er a. tolerable, = þolanligr.
Þórgunna hét); mér er þú vel í þokka, I þollr, m. fir-tree, tree in general.
like thee well; (3) consent, good-will (hann þol-raun, f. trial of one’s patience.
tók riki með alþýðu þokka of síðir); (4) þopta, f. rowing bench, thwart.
enmity, discord, = þykkja. þopti, m. bench-fellow.
þokknast (að), v. refl. to please, be ac- þora (þorða, þorat), v. to dare, have
ceptable, with dat.; Ólafi þokknaðist vel the courage to do a thing (þorði hann þó
tal þeira, O. was well pleased with their ekki at synja þeim gistingar).
talk. þoran, f. daring, courage.
þokkuligr, a. agreeable. þoran-raun, f. trial of courage.
þoku-fullr, a. foggy, misty; -lauss, a. þori, m. the greater part, main part (alir
free from fog, clear; -myrkr, n. murky þ. liðsins; mestr þ. manna).
fog; -myrkvi, m. = þoku-myrkr; -samr, þorn (-s, -ar), m. (1) thorn (þornar ok
a. foggy; -veðr, n. foggy, weather. þistlar); (2) spike, esp. the tongue of a
þol, n. patience, endurance (hann bað buckle, pin of a brooch (þorni n í belti); (3)
Sturlu hafa þ. við ok bíða); þat er einskis the letter þ.

637
þorna Þ þrá
þorna (að), v. to become dry, dry -up. to the hall; dropping the ‘at’; þó þú sért
þorn-gjörð, f. crown of thorn; -runnr, lítillar ættar, although thou art of low ex-
m. thorn-bush. traction.
þorp, n. (1) an isolated farm; (2) in for- þóf, n. (1) crowding, thronging, pressing;
eign countries, a thorp or village (Írar leiðist mér þ. þetta, this crowding wearies
hlaupa saman í eitt þ.); (3) an open, un- me; (2) wearisome, endless struggle (þar
sheltered place (hrørnar þöll, sú er stendr kemr enn þófinu, at).
þorpi á). þófa-hattr, m. felt hood; -höttr, m.
þorpara-ligr, a. boorish, clownish; felt hood; -stakkr, m. felt cloak.
-skapr, m. clownishness. þófi, m. (1) felt; (2) saddle-cloth of felt.
þorpari, m. cotter, peasant, boor, churl þóknast, see ‘þokknast’.
(þorparar ok verkmenn). þópta, see ‘þopta’.
þorp-karl, m. churl; -karlligr, a. þórr, m. the god Thor.
churlish, clownish. þórs-dagr, m. Thursday.
þorra-blót, n. the great sacrifice when þótt, conj. contr. from þó at, although;
Thorri began (in heathen times). see ‘þó’ 3.
þorri, m. the fourth winter month, the þóta-bragð, n. angry look.
first after midwinter. þótti, m. (1) thought, mind; (2) displea-
þorskr (-s, -ar), m. cod, codfish. sure, anger.
þorsta-drykkr, m. a draught for slak- þóttr, m. = þótti; mæla sinn þótt, to
ing the thirst; -fullr, a. thirsty. tell one’s mind.
þorsti, m. thirst. þóttu, = þótt (þó at) þú.
þorst-lauss, a. not thirsty; -látr, a. þramma (að), v. to trudge, trample.
given to thirst, thirsty. þramman, þrömmun, f. trampling.
þot, n. rush; in phrase, sitja (standa) í þrap or þrapt, n. quarrel.
þot við e-n, to sit (stand) ready to make (? þrasa (pres. þrasi), v. to talk big, to
or meet) an attack. rage (hví þrasir þú svá, Þórr!).
þó, adv. (1) yet, though, nevertheless, still þraut (pl. -ir), f. hard strugggle, great
(þeir vóru síð búnir ok sigldu þó í haf); exertion, labour, hard task (ek mun láta
(2) connected with other particles; ok þik vinna til ráðahags þessa þrautir
þó, and besides, and even, to boot (í Nóre- nökkurar); þola þrautir, to suffer hardsh-
gi er lítil bygð ok þó sundrlaus); mörgum ps; gera þ. til e-s, to try hard; berjast til
mönnum ófróðum ok þó óvitrum, ill-in- þrautar, to fight to the end.
formed and unwise as well; er þó, since yet, þrautar-laust, adv. without a strug-
considering that (kvazt hjá bóndum skyl- gle, without resistance.
du vera, er þó buðu þeir honum svá góða þraut-góðr, a. good in straits; -laust,
kosti); (3) conj., þó at, contracted þót, adv. = þrautarlaust.
þótt, although, even though, with subj. þrá (þrá, þráða, þráðr), v. to long,
(hann rengdi til augum, þó at úskygn yearn (slá ekki slíku á þik, at þ. eptir ein-
væri); halda máttu þessu sæti, þótt hón ni konu); refl., þrást á e-t, to long for a
komi sjalf til, though she comes herself in- thing.

638
þrá Þ þrennr
þrá, f. longing, yearning; leggja þrár í e- þref, n. a kind of upper floor; fig., kemr
t, to yearn after a thing. nú á þ. um draumana, the (dismal) dreams
þrá, n. obstinacy (Hrafn harðnaði í sínu come again.
þrái við biskup); í þ. e-m, in defiance of, þre-falda (að), v. to triple; -faldan,
in spite of (gerði þat hverr í þ. öðrum); f. a making threefold; -faldliga, adv. tre-
honum þótti þat mjök gert í þ. sér, in his bly; -faldr, a. threefold.
despite, in order to thwart him; ganga á þreft, m. a number of sheaves, thrave.
þ., to veer round and become contrary, of þreifa (að), v. to feel with the hand,
wind (því næst gekk veðr á þ.). touch (far þú hingat ok vil ek þ. um þik);
þrá-beiting, f. continual tacking; þ. í hönd e-m, to shake one’s hand; refl.,
-bœni, f. persistence in praying or asking; þreifast fyrir, to feel for oneself, grope
-bœnn, a. persistent in prayer or entreaty. along.
þráðr (gen. þráðar; pl. þræðir, acc. þreifanligr, a. tangible.

Þ
þráðu; nom. and acc. also þræðr), m. þrek, n., poet. þrekr, m., pith,
thread. strength, courage, daring (eigi hófum ver
þrá-fylginn, a. persevering, persistent; þrek til at berjast við Þorstein) hafa þrek
-girni, f. obstinacy; -gjarn, a. obstinate; við e-m, to be a match for.
-gjarnliga, adv. obstinately; -halda, v. þrekaðr, pp. worn, exhausted.
to holdfast, stick to (á e-u); -haldr, a. ob- þrek-förlaðr, pp. with failing courage
stinate, stubborn. or strength (poet.).
þrái, m. obstinacy, = þrá (n.). þrekinn, a. strong, enduring.
þrá-látr, a. stubborn, obstinate; þrekkóttr, a. dirty, filthy.
-leikr, m. perseverance; -liga, adv. (1) þrekkr, m. dirt filth.
obstinately (neita e-u -liga); (2) incessant- þrek-lauss, a. pithless; -leysi, n. lack
ly, continuously; -ligr, a. continuous, in- of fortitude, pithlessness; -liga, adv.
cessant; -lífr, a. tenacious of life; -lun- strongly, stoutly; -ligr, a. strong. stout of
daðr, a. = þrá-lyndr; -lyndast, v. refl. frame; -maðr, m. a stout, strong man;
to be obstinate in a thing (í e-u); -lyndi, -mannliga, adv. stoutly; -mikill, a.
n. stubbornness; -lyndr, a. obstinate, strong, valiant.
stubborn; -læti, n. = -lyndi; -mæli, n. þrekr, m. = þrek (mikill þ. ok afl).
obstinate talk. þrek-raun, f. trial of strength or
þrár (þrá, þrátt), a. stubborn, obsti- courage (þetta var mikil -raun).
nate (þótt þú sér svá þ., at þú vilir engis þreku-ligr, a. = þrekligr.
manns ráði hlýða); neut., þrátt as adv., þrek-vana, a. indecl. destitute of
frequently. strength; -virki, n. deed of derring-do
þrá-reip, n. tight or strong rope (?); (þetta er hit mesta -virki).
-rækiligr, a. obstinate; -rækr, a. per- þrenning, f. trinity, esp. the Trinity
sistent; -samliga, adv. perseveringly, ob- (þrenningar trúa); þrenningar-messa,
stinately (neita -samliga); -seta, f. long f. Trinity-Sunday.
sitting; -viðri, n. a constant adverse wind; þrennr, a. trifile, threefold; plur. in
-yrði, n. pl. obstinate speech = -mæli. distrib. sense, three; þrennar tylftir í

639
þrep Þ þrí-falda
fjórðungi hverjum, three twelves in each third; the third part the wife was entitled to
quarter; þetta eru þrenn verð, three times of the joint property.
the price. þrif, n. pl. thriving condition, well do-
þrep, n., þrepi, m. ledge. ing, prosperity; standa e-m fyrir þrifum,
þreskja (-ta, -tr), v. to thresh. to stand in the way of one’s well-doing;
þresköldr (gen. -aldar, dat. -eldi; verða at þrifum, to become prosperous.
pl. -eldir, acc. -öldu), m. (1) threshold; þrifgast (að), v. to thrive, = þrífast.
(2) an isthmus or ridge flooded at high wa- þrif-gjafari, m. giver of good things;
ter. -gjafi, m. = -gjafari; -gjöft, f. gift of
þrettán, card. numb. thirteen; þret- grace salvation.
tándi, ord. numb. the thirteenth. þrifinn, a. (1) active; (2) well-favoured
þre-vetr, a. three winters (or years) old (þ. af sinum líkam).
(þeir vóru -vetrir). þrif-liga, adv. (1) deftly, briskly (eta
þreyja (þrey, þreyða, þreyðr), v. to -liga); (2) neatly, carefully (-liga búinn);
feel for, desire, yearn after. -ligr, a. thrifty, well-looking; -mannli-
þreyta (-tta, -ttr), v. to prosecute a gr, a. -ligr.
thing stoutly to strive hard in a thing; þ. þrifnaðar-lauss, a. miserable,
leik, rás við e-n, to contend in a game, run wretched; -maðr, m. a well-to-do (pros-
a race with one; þ. kapp-sigling, to sail a perous) man.
race; þ. drykkju við e-n, to vie in drinking þrifnaðr, m. thriving, prosperity, suc-
with one; þ. á drykkjuna, to strive hard to cess in life.
drink; þ. e-t með kappmælum, to dispute þrif-samligr, a. wholesome; -samr, a.
eagerly; þ. lög um e-t, to contend at law; thriving, prosperous; -semd, -semi, f.
jarlarnir þreyttu þetta með sér, it came prosperity, welfare.
to high words between them; þeir þreyttu þrift, f. = þrif, þrifnaðr.
at komast inn í borgina, they tried hard þriskja (-ta, -tr), v. = þreskja.
to get into the burgh; þ. hest sporum, to þrí-angaðr, a. three-forked; -boginn,
prick the horse with the spurs. pp. thrice bent; -breiðr, a. of triple
þreyttr, pp. exhausted, worn out; þótt breadth, of cloth; -bryddr, pp. with three-
hann sé mjök at þ., though he be sorely fold mounting; -deila (-da, -dr), v. to di-
tried. vide into three parts; -engdr, pp. three-
þriði (gen., dat., acc. þriðja, pl. pronged.
þriðju), ord. numb. the third; í þriðja þrífa (þríf; þreif, þrifum;
sinn, for the third time. þrifinn), v. (1) to catch, grasp, to take
þriðja-brœðra, indecl. fourth (male) hold of suddenly (þ. e-n, eptir e-m, í e-n,
cousins; -brœðri, m. fourth cousin. til e-s); þ. á e-m, to lay hands on; (2) refl.,
þriðjunga-skipti, n. a division into þrífast, to thrive (hann bað bann illa fara
three parts. ok aldri þ.).
þriðjungr, m. the third part; aukast þrí-falda (að), v. to make threefold;
þriðjungi, to be increased by a third. -faldr, a. threefold; -forn, a. thrice-old,
þriðjungs-auki, m. an increase by a three years old (-fornt smjör); -fœttr, a.

640
þrír Þ þrotinn
three-legged; -gilda (-lda, -ldr), v. to pay þrjót-lyndi, n. stubbornness; -lyndr,
three-fold; -greindr, pp. three-branched; a. refractory stubborn.
-hendr, a. with three rhyming syllables þrjótr, m. (1) knave; (2) defiance;
in each line; -hyrndr, pp. three-horned, bjóða e-m þrjót, to bid defiance to one.
triangular; -hyrningr, m. triangle; þrjózka, f. refractoriness, obstinacy.
-höfðaðr, pp. three-headed; -kvíslaðr, þrjózkast (að), v. refl. to be refractory
pp. three-branched; -menningr, m. sec- or rebellious.
ond cousin; -merkingr, m. a ring weigh- þrjózkr, a. refractory.
ing three ounces; -mútaðr, pp. thrice þroskaðr, pp. grown up, adult.
moulted; -nættr, a. three nights old. þroska-maðr, m. a stout, vigorous
þrír (þrjár, þrjú), card. numb. three. man; -mikill, a. vigorous; -munr, m.
þrí-skafinn, pp. thrice polished; difference in vigour; -samr, a. manly, vig-
-skeptr, pp. (wadmal) of three strands; orous.

Þ
-skeyta, f. triangle; -skipta (-pta, þroskast (að), v. to grow up to full age,
-ptr), v. to divide into three parts; -tu- live to be a man.
gandi, ord. numb. the thirtieth; -tugr, þroska-vænligr, a. promising.
a. (1) aged thirty (-tugr at aldri); (2) hav- þroski, m. (1) maturity, full age, man-
ing thirty oar-benches; (3) of thirty (fath- hood (sveinninn var snimma með mik-
oms, ells). lum þroska); (2) promotion, advancement
þrítug-sessa, f. a ship having thirty (ek em því fegnust, at þinn þ. mætti
oar-benches. mestr verða).
þrítøg-náttr, a. of thirty nights. þroskr, a. vigorous, mature, full-grown
þrí-tøgr, a. = þrítugr; -vetr, a. (enn þroski Njarðar sonr).
þrevetr; -vægr, a. of triple weight; -ærr, þroskuligr, a. vigorous (snemma þ.,
a. three years old. mikill ok sterkr).
þrjóta (þrýt; þraut, þrutum; þrot, n. lack, want (þar er ekki þ. átu);
þrotinn), v. impers.; (1) þrýtr e-t (acc.) at þrotum kominn, worn out, exhausted
it fails, comes to an end; en er veizluna (þeir vóru þá allir at þrotum komnir of
þrýtr, when it came to the end of the ban- matleysi).
quet; þar til er þraut dalinn, till the dale þrota (að), v. impers., e-n þrotar e-
ended (among the hills); þar til er þraut t, one runs short of a thing (ef þik þrotar
sker öll, till there was an end of all the föng); ráðin þrotar fyrir honum, there is
skerries; seint þrýtr þann, er verr hefir, a lack of counsel for him, he is at his wit’s
the man with a bad case has a hundred ex- end.
cuses; (2) with acc. of person and thing þroti, m. swelling, tumour.
(e-n þrýtr e-t); en er hann (acc.) þraut þrotinn, pp. from ‘þrjóta’, at an end,
orendit, when breath failed him; Hrapp past, gone (get ek, at þrotin sé þín mesta
þraut vistir í hafi, H. ran short of food at gæfa); þ. at drykk, out of drink; hestrinn
sea; (3) to become exhausted, fail; mara var þ., quite exhausted; en er allir vóru
þraut óra, our steeds were exhausted. þrotnir á at biðja hann til, when all were
þrjótkast (að), v. = þrjózkast. tired of begging him.

641
þrotna Þ þrælka
þrotna (að), v. to run short, dwindle þrúðigr, þrúðinn, a. strong; powerful,
away, come to an end (Hreiðarr sá, at þeir- mighty.
ra kostr mundi brátt þ.). þrúð-æóðugr, a. heroic of mood; -val-
þrotnaðr, m., þrotnan, f. vanishing, dr, m. the mighty ruler (Thor).
vera í þrotnan, to be waning. þrúð-vangr, m. = -heimr.
þrot-ráði, a. destitute, helpless. þrúgan, f. compulsion (þ. laganna).
þrots-maðr, m. destitute person, pau- þrútinn, a. swollen, oppressed.
per. þrútna (að), v. (1) to swell (fótrinn
þró (pl. þrœr, þróar), f. hollowet þrútnaði mjök); (2) to increase, wax
wood or stone, trough. (þrútnar at um e-t).
þróast (að), v. refl. to wax, increase, þrútnan, f. swelling.
grow; metnaðr honum þróast, pride wax- þrútuligr, a. swollen in the face.
es in him. þrymill, m. a hard knot in the flesh.
þróttigr, a. powerful, mighty. þrymja (þrumda), v. to lie, extend,
þrótt-lauss, a. pithless, powerless; spread (þrymr of öll lönd ørlögsímu).
-leysi, n. want of strength; -liga, adv. þryngva (þryng; þröng, þrungum;
mightily, forcibly; -mikill, a. doughty, þrunginn), v. (1) to press, thrust (þistill,
strong. sá er var þrunginn í ónn ofanverða); (2)
þróttr (gen. -ar), m. strength, might, to rush, press onward, = þröngvast (ok er
valour, firmness (sannliga er skekinn þ. ór liðit þröng í milli skipanna, þá brast niðr
yðr). undir þeim íssinn); see ‘þrunginn’.
þrótt-sinni, n. endurance, vigour; þrysvar, adv. thrice, three times.
-öflugr, a. mighty. powerful. þrýsta (-sta, -str), v. (1) to thrust,
þruma, f. clap of thunder (reiðar þ.). press (þá tók H. konungr á öxl honum
þruma (að), v. to rattle. hendinni ok þrýsti); B. þrýstir at Eyjúlfi
þruma (þrumi, þrumða, þrumat), v. fast, B. thrust E. hard; hann þrýsti knénu
(1) to stand, sit fast; þars Valhöll víð of við steininn, he pressed his knee against
þrumir, stands spacious; þ. yfir öldrinn, to the stone; (2) to force, compel (þ. e-m til e-
hover over banquets; (2) to stay behind, loi- s).
ter, mope. þrýstiligr, a. stout, robust.
þrunginn, pp. from ‘þryngva’, (1) sti- þrýsting, f. pressure, compulsion.
fled, oppressed, moody (þrungin góð); þræla-eini, n. pl. persons to be made
þrungin dœgr, dismal days; (2) full of, slaves of; -fólk, n. thralls, slaves; -tala,
fraught with; Hélu þ., thick with rime; f., hafa e-n í -tölu, to treat one as a slave;
hleifr þ. sáðum, a loaf full of bran; þ. -ætt, n. family of slaves; sú kona er eigi
mœði, swollen with anger; dynr var í -ættar, that woman is of no mean extrac-
garði, dröslum of þrungit, crowded with tion.
horses. þræl-baugr, m. money paid as were-
þrúð-hamarr, m. strong hammer. gild for a thrall; -borinn, pp. thrall-born;
þrúð-heimr, m. ‘the strong abode’, the -dómr, m. thraldom.
habitation of Thor. þrælka (að), v. to enthral.

642
þrælkan Þ þulniungr
þrælkan, f. thraldom (leiða e-n í þ.). n. narrow land; -lendr, a. narrow, of a
þræll (-s, -ar), m. thrall, slave; fig. land (þar var svá þröng-lent); -liga, adv.
wretch, scoundrel. narrowly, in straits; -meginn, a. op-
þræls-efni, n. a person to be made a pressed.
slave of; -gjöld, n. pl. weregild for a þröngr (acc. -van and -an), a. (1) nar-
thrall; -jafningi, m. thrall’s equal; row, close, tight (vefjar-upphlutr þ.); skó-
-kona, f. thrall’s wife; -ligr, a. slavish; grinn var þ., the wood was thick; (2)
-nafn, n. name of a thrall; bera -nafn, to thronged, crowded (þröngt var á skipinu).
be called thrall; -verk, n. work of a thrall. þröng-rýmt, a. n. narrow (scanty) land
þræta (-tta, -tt), v. to wrangle, liti- (hafa þröng-rýmt).
gate; þ. e-s, to gainsay, contradict, deny þrøngsl, n. pl. straits, distress.
(eigi mun ek þess þuifa at þ.); þ. um e-t, þrøngva (-ða, -ðr), v. (1) to press on
to wrangle about (um þetta þrættu þeir); one (þ. e-m); with acc., hann tók at þ.

Þ
þ. í móti, to gainsay contradict. mik mjók, he took and pressed me hard;
þræta, f. quarrel, wrangling, litigation (2) to straiten, tighten (þ. kosti e-s); im-
(þar sló í þrætu). pers., er Ribbungar sá, at alla vega
þrætinn, a. litiguous contradictory. þrøngði kosti þeira, that on all sides their
þrætni, f. disputatiousness. means were straitened; (3) þ. e-m til e-s,
þrætu-bók, f. book of dialectics; -dól- to force one to a thing; þ. e-m undir sik,
gr, m. quarrelsome litigant; -fullr, a. to subdue one by force; þ. e-t út af e-m,
disputatious; -hagi, m. disputed pasture; to extort from one; (4) refl., þrøngvast, to
-ligr, a. dialectical; -lig íþrótt, art of di- throng, press forward (þeir réðust í móti
alectics; -maðr, m. (1) disputer, dis- ok þrøngðust at vaðinu); loftit þrøngvist
putant; (2) schismatic; -mál, n. litigation; ok þykknar, the air waxes close and thick-
-páfi, m. schismatic pope; -samligr, a. ens.
contentious; -sterkr, a. strong in dispute. þrøngving, f. straits; fig. distress.
þrömmun, f. trampling, = þramman. þrøngvingar-þél, f. file of adversity.
þrömr (gen. þramar, dat. þremi; pl. þrøsköldr, m. = þresköldr.
þremir, acc. þrömu), brim, edge, verge þröstr (gen. þrastar; dat. þresti pl.
(kominn á heljar þröm). þrestir, acc. þröstu), m. thrush.
þröng (pl. þröngvar), f. (1) throng þukla (að), v. to feel, touch (þ. sullinn
crowd (varð þ. mikil); (2) narrow place or á sullinum); var svá til þuklat, at, it
(sumir vörðust í þröngunum); (3) fig. was handled so that.
straits (alla þá þ. ok nauð, er hann þoldi); þula, f. rhapsody, rigmarole; Rígs þ., the
(4) short breath and cough (þá setti at Lay of Rig.
honum þ. mikla). þular-stóll, m. wise-man’s chair.
þröng-brjóstaðr, a. mean-spirited. þulr (gen. -ar), m. wise-man, sage.
þröngð, f. = þröng. þumal-fingr, m. thumb-finger; -tá, f.
þröng-fœrr, a. narrow to pass. the great toe; -öln, f. thumb-ell.
þrønging, f. = þrøngving. þulniungr (-s, -ar), m. (1) the thumb
þröng-leikr, m. narrowness; -lendi, (of a glove); (2) inch.

643
þunga Þ þurfi
þunga (að), v. to load (þ. skip sitt) gra, one gets the worst of it; fá þungt af e-
þungð kona, a woman with child; Þórey m, to suffer hard treatment from one; mér
var mjök þungð, Th. was far advanced. er þungt, segir Eyjólfr, I do not feel well,
þunga-fullr, a. (1) heavy (-fullr says E.
svefn); (2) burdened, oppressed. þung-reiðr, a. heavy to ride through;
þungan, f. burden. -ræðr, a. difficult, laborious; -yrkr, a.
þunga-varnaðr, -varningr, m. hard, severe.
heavy goods. þunn-bygðr, pp. thinly inhabited;
þung-býlt, a. n., e-m verðr -býlt, one -býlt, a. n. thinly peopled with farms;
has troublesome neighbours; -bærr, a. -eggjaðr, a. thin-edged; -geðr, a. weak-
heavy to bear, burdensome; -eygr, a. minded, fickle; -hárr, a. thin-haired;
heavy-eyed, dim-eyed; -fœrast, v. refl., -heyrðr, pp. keen of hearing; -leitr, a.
to become heavy, infirm; -fœrr, a. (1) thin-faced; -meginn, a. weak, feeble.
heavy to move; (2) infirm (þórir var gamall þunnr, a. thin; þunnt hár, thin hair;
ok -fœrr); -gengt, a. n. difficult to walk þunn ox, a thin-edged axe; þurint veðr,
(e-m verðr -gengt). clear weather; þegja þunnu hljóði, to keep
þungi, m. (1) heaviness, weight (Gin- a watchful silence.
nungagap fylltist með þunga og höfugleik þunn-skafinn, pp. thin-scraped;
íss ok hrims); (2) burden, encumbrance -skipaðr, pp. thinly manned; -sleginn,
(verðr mér heldr at því þ. en gagn); (3) pp. thinly beaten, thinly mounted; -vangi,
load, cargo (Þórir spurði, hvat þunga Ás- m. the temple.
björn hefði á skipinu); (4) heaviness, þurðr (gen. -ar), m. decrease, waning
drowsiness (þótt þunga eðr geispa slái á (ekki fara í þurð draumarnir).
hann). þurfa (þarf, þurfta, þurft), v. (1)
þungleika-aldr, m. age of infirmity. to need, want (ekki þarft þú at ganga í
þung-leikr, m. heaviness, infirmity; hús mín); with gen., þ. e-s, or þ. e-s við,
-liga, adv. heavily (Njáll tók þessu -liga); to stand in need of (ek þyrfta nú guðs
vera -liga haldinn, to be very ill; -ligr, miskunnar); Gunnarr kvað einskis
a. heavy, difficult (eigi lízt mér þetta mál mundu við þ., G. said there was no need
-ligt); -lífr, a. heavy in the body; of anything; (2) impers., þess þarf (við),
-meginn, a. oppressed (þeir vóru fáir ok it is needed; þess þyrfti, at, it would be
-megnir). necessary that; with acc. (hversu marga
þungr, a. (1) heavy, weighty (þótti mér munu vér menn þ.); ekki var sá leikr, er
hann nökkurs til þ.); þ. á baki, heavy to nökkurr þyrfti við hann at reyna, it was
carry on horseback; skip þungt undir no use for anybody to strive with him in any
árum, heavy to pull with oars; (2) fig. game.
heavy, oppressive (mannfæðin var hin þurfa-maðr, m. poor man, needy per-
þyngsta); honum vóru augu þung, he was son (-mannatíund).
heavy-eyed; með þungu yfirbragði, with a þurfandi (pl. -endr), m. = prec.
gloomy mien; henni féll þungt til fjár, her þurfi or þurfa, a. wanting, in need of
money affairs were bird; e-m veitir þyn- (liðs þíns væra ek þá þ.).

644
þurfsamr Þ þver-á
þurfsamr, a. helping (e-m). þúst, n. flail.
þurft, f. (1) need, want, necessity; (2) þústr, m. (1) stick; (2) chafing, anger,
necessary discharge esp. urine; ganga in- enmity (þótti honum mjök vaxa þ. milli
nar þynnri þurftarinnar, to make water. manna í heraðinu).
þurftugr, a. (1) in need of (nú em ek þ. þúsund (pl. -ir), f. thousand.
yðars fulltings); (2) poor, indigent (gamall þvara, f. pot-stick, stirrer.
maðr ok þ.). þvari, m. bolt, spear.
þurftuligr, a. useful, profitable. þvá (þvæ; þó, þógum; þveginn), v. (1)
þurka (að), v. to dry, make dry (gerðu to wash (þ. lík, sár manna, höfuð sitt); þ.
þeir mikinn eld ok þurkuðu sik). sík or þ. sér, to wash oneself; (2) to remove
þurka, f. (1) drought, dryness; (2) towel. by washing.
þurkan, f. drying (Karlsefni lagði þvátt-aptann, m. Saturday evening.
viðinn til þurkanar). þváttari, m. washer.

Þ
þurku-samr, a. dry (-samt sumar). þvátt-dagr, m. Saturday; -kona, f.
þurr, a. dry (hrár viðr eða þ.); þ. klæði, washer-woman; -nótt, f. Saturday nikht.
dry clothes; ganga þurrum fótum (or þurt) þváttr (gen. þváttar, dat. þvætti),
yfir ána, with dry feet, without wetting the m. (1) wash, washing (kona nökkur fór
feet; sitja þurt um allar vitundir, to be með klæði til þváttar); (2) clothes washed
clear of all cognizance; á þurru, on dry at one time, washing (hengja upp þvátt).
land; fasta þurt (or við þurt), to fast on þvatt-steinn, m. washing-stone;
fish and vegetable food. -vífl, n. bat used in washing.
þurra-frost, n. dry frost. þveita (-tta, -tt), v. to hurl, fling.
þurr-fasta, f. fasting on fish and veg- þveiti, n. a small weight of silver.
etable food; -fasta (að), v. to fast on fish þvengr (-jar, -ir), m. thong, latchet.
and vegetable food; -fjallr, a. dry- þverast (að), v. refl. to move athwart,
skinned, in dry clothes; -fœtis, adv. with- aside (þveraðist Steinarr fram á
out wetting the feet; -leikr, m. dryness; bakkann).
-lendi, n. dry land; -lendr, a. with dry þver-á, f. side river, tributary river;
soil (jörð -lend); -ligr, a. dry (veðr gott -bak, n., um -bak, across a horse’s back;
ok -ligt); -lyndi, n. dryness, surliness; -brestr, m. cross chink; -brot, n. a
-viðri, n. dry weather. break across, breach; -dalr, m. side dale;
þurs or þuss, m. giant, ogre, monster -feta (að), v. to go aslant; -fingr, m.
(líkir þursum at vexti); þursa ráðbani finger’s breadth; -fjörðr, m. cross-fjord,
‘slayer of giants (Thor). side-fjord; -gyriðingr, m. cross-girding;
þurs-ligr, a. like a giant. -høggr, a. cut across, steep, abrupt;
þú (gen. þín, dat. þér, acc. þik; pl. þér -hönd, f. hands breadth; -knýta (-tta,
or ér, gen. yðar, dat. and acc. yðr), -ttr), v. to refuse flatly; -kominn, pp. in
thou. an awkward position; -kyrfa (-ða, -ðr),
þúfa (gen. pl. þúfna), f. mound, knoll v. to divide (a house) across or transversely,
(H. sat við þúfu eina). opp. to ‘at endilöngu’; -liga, adv.
þús-hundrað, n. = þúsund. ‘athwart’, flatly (neita, synja, taka e-u

645
þverr Þ þykkja
-liga); -lyndi, n. refractoriness, wrong- press; (2) to compel, force.
headedness; -lyndr, a. wrong-headed, re- þvingan, f. oppression, hardship (til
fractory; -neita (að), v. to deny flatly; þvingunar ok ófrelsis).
-pallr, m. cross dais, the high-floor at the þvis, interj. (hvis, þ., af tjöldin!).
halls end. þviti, m. a kind of stone (tóku þeir
þverr, a. (1) athwart, transverse, opp. to mikinn stein; sá heitir þ.).
‘endilangr’ (tjalda um þveran skálann); lá því (prop. dat. from ‘þat’), adv. and
hverr um annan þveran, in heaps; fara þ. conj. (1) therefore (varð þ. ekki af fer-
á fœti at e-u, to be unwilling for a thing; ðinni); af þ., therefore; (2) af þ. at, þ.
beita þvert, to sail close-hauled, near the at, because, for (tókst eigi atreiðin, því at
wind; (2) adverse, contrary (veðr hörð ok búendr frestuðu); (3) þ. at eins, only on
þver); (3) cross, obstinate; hann kvazt ek- that condition (4) why, = hví (only in lat-
ki þ. vera í því at selja skipit, he said he er texts); (5) with compar., the; hann var
would not be hard about selling the ship; þ. ástsælli sem hann var ellri, he was the
setja þvert nei fyrir, to deny flatly; ek vil more beloved the older he grew.
þó eigi þvert taka, ef þér er lítit um, I will þvígit = því-gi at; with compar. not the;
not take it crossly, if it is not to thy mind. þ. fleira, not the more, no more.
þverra (þverr; þvarr, þurrum; því-líkr, a. ‘such-like’, such (mundi en-
þorrinn), v. to wane, grow less, decrease gi eiga -líkan hest).
(í þenna tíma þurru mjök vinsældirValde- þvísa, old dat. sing. neut., = þessu; í þ.
mars konungs). ljósi, in this light, in this world.
þverra, v. to make to decrease. þykk-byrt, a. n., hafa -byrt, to have
þvers, adv. across, athwart; hann snýr thick, stout armour; -býlt, a. n. thick-set,
þ. af leiðinni, he turns abruptly away from studded, with hamlets; -farit, pp. n.,
the path; þ. í móti e-u, quite contrary to. gera -farit, to make frequent visits.
þver-skeytingr, m. cross-wind, side- þykkja (þykki, þótta, þótt), v. (1) to
wind; -skipa, adv. athwart the ship; be thought to be, seem to be, be esteemed
-skurðr, m. transverse cut; -skyt- or reckoned as; hón þótti beztr kostr, she
ningr, m. = -skeytingr; -slag, n. cross- was thought the best match; (2) with dat. it
stroke; -stigr, m. cross-path, side-path; seems to one, one thinks (þykki mér ráð, at
-stræti, n. cross-street; -syll, f. cross- þú farir at finna Gizur hvíta); e-m þykkir
sill. at e-u, one feels hurt at, takes it to heart,
þverst or later þvest, n. the lean flesh is displeased with (þótti mönnum mikit
underneath the blubber of a whale. at um víg Kjartans); mér þykkir fyrir (or
þver-taka, v. to deny flatly, = taka e-u fyr) e-u, I dislike, am unwilling to (mér
þvert; -tré, n. cross-tree; -úð, f. (1) dis- þykkir meira fyrir en öðrum mönnum at
cord; (2) disobedience; -vegr, m. cross- vega menn); e-m þykkir mikit um e-t,
way; á -veginn, across, cross-wise, one takes it much to heart (honum þótti
athwart; -þili, n. crossdeal, transverse svá mikit um fall Ólafs konungs, at); e-
partition. m þykkir mikit undir e-u, one thinks it
þvinga (að), v. (1) to weigh down, op- of great importance (mikit þótti spökum

646
þykkja Þ þyrm-liga
mönnum undir því, at); impers., vilda lipped; -vaxinn, pp. thick-set, stout of
ek, at þér þœtti eigi verr, I wish that thou growth.
wouldst not take it amiss; þótti sinn veg þykt, f. thickness, denseness.
hvárum, they disagreed; þykki mér sem þykt, f. resentmnent, displeasure.
undan sé gaflveggrinn, it seems to me as þylja (þyl; þulda; þuliðr, þulinn),
though the gable-wall were down; þótti v. to speak, recite, chant; to mutter to one-
mér þeir sœkja at (= sem þeir sœkti at), self; þ. í feld sinn, to murmur into one’s
methought they pressed hard on me; (3) re- cloak; refl., þyljast um, to mutter to one-
fl., þykkjast, to seem to oneself, think one- self.
self, think (en ek þykkjumst þó mjök ney- þyngd, f. (1) heaviness, weight; (2) ill-
ddr til hafa verit); hann þykkist einn vita ness, sickness (H. tók þá þ. mikla ok lá
allt, he thinks he alone knows everything; þó eigi); (3) troubles (síðan er vér mistum
þykkist hann mjök fyrir öðrum mönnum, skipa várra, er oss hefir öll þ. af staðit).

Þ
he thinks himself far above other men; en þynging, f. burden, heaviness.
Brynhildr þykkist brúðr var-gefin, but B. þyngja (-da, -dr), v. to weigh down,
will think she is ill-matched. make heavy; impers., sóttinni þyngir, the
þykkja, f. (1) thought; liking, sentiment, illness grows worse; þyngir e-m, one grows
disposition; fóru þykkjur þeira saman, worse (from illness); one grows heavy from
their sentiments went together; (2) dislike, sleep; refl., þyngjast, to grow heavy, ad-
displeasure (leggja þykkju á e-n or e-t). verse (tekr nú bardaginn at þ.); e-m þyn-
þykkjast (t), v. refl. to take offence at, gist = e-m þyngir (þá tók honum at þyng-
take amiss, get angry with (þ. við e-t orvið jast).
e-n). þyngsl, n. pl. (1) burden; gera e-m þ.,
þykkju-dráttr, m. discord; -lauss, a. vera e-m til þyngsla, to be a burden to
good-natured, careless, easy; -mikill, a. one; (2) heavy affliction (mér þykkir illt,
choleric of temper. at menn hljóti svá mjök þ. af mér).
þykk-leikr, m. thickness; -leitr, a. þynna (-ta, -tr), v. to make thin; im-
chubby-faced; -liga, adv. proudly, sulkily pers., þynnir kóf, þoku, the fog begins to
(svara -liga); -mikill, a. very thick, of lift.
weather. þyrja (þurða), v. poet. to sweep, rush.
þykkna (að), v. to thicken, become thick þyrma (-da, -t), v. (1) to deal reverently
(tók veðrit at þ.). with, show respect to, keep, observe, with
þykkr, m. thwack, hurt. dat. (þ. eiðum, griðum); þ. hátíð, to re-
þykkr (acc. -van), a. thick, = þjokkr spect the holy-day; (2) to show mercy to,
(garðr fimm feta þ.); þykkt veðr, thick spare (þ. úvinum sínum); (3) refl., þyr-
weather; þ. skógr, dense forest; þykkt hár, mast, to display forbearance; konungr bað
thick hair. hann, at hann skyldi þ. við Magnús ko-
þykk-röggvaðr, pp. thick-furred; nung, to forbear from violence towards
-settr, pp. thick-set, thick-ranked; king M.
-skipaðr, pp. thickly manned; -skýjaðr, þyrmi-liga, adv. gently, forbearingly.
pp. thick-clouded; -varraðr, pp. thick- þyrm-liga, -samliga, adv. = þyrmiliga

647
þyrna-fullr Þ þökk
(bundinn eigi -samliga). þýðerskr, -eskr, a. = þýðverskr.
þyrna-fullr, a. full of thorns. þýðing, f. (1) interpretation, translation;
þyrni-hjálmr, m. thorn-helmet; -ko- (2) sense, meaning.
róna, m. crown of thorns. þýð-leikr, m. attachment, affection;
þyrnir (pl. þyrnar), m. thorn. -ligr, a. attached, affectionate; -læti, n.
þyrni-tré, n. thorn-bush. = -leikr.
þyrpast (t), v. refl. to crowd, throng þýðr, a. kind, affectionate, affable.
(þyrptust menn at honum). þýð-verska, f. (1) German language or
þyrsklingr, m. codling. custom; (2) Germany (= þýðverskuland);
þyrsta (-sti, -st), v. impers., mik þyr- -verskr, a. German.
stir, I am thirsty (hana þyrsti at meirr; þar þýfð, f. (1) theft; (2) stolen goods.
þyrstir jörðina). þýfðr, pp. covered with little hillocks
þyrstr, a. thirsty (þ. til e-s, í e-t). (þúfur), uneven, of a field (þar var þýft
þys-höll, f. a crowded hall. mjök).
þysja (þys, þusta þust), v. to rush þýfi, n. theft, stolen goods.
(þustu þeir þá fram ór skóginum). þýfi-gjöld, n. pl. a fine for theft.
þys-mikill, a. noisy, uproarious. þýfska, f. theft, stolen goods.
þyss, m. noise, uproar, riot (þá gerðist þ. þýzkr, a. = þýðverskr (þ. söðull).
mikill í bœnum). þægiligr, a. acceptable, agreeable.
þytr, m. noise, whistling sound (þ. vat- þægindi, n. pl. pleasure; gera e-m e-t til
na); þ. smábarna, cries, wailings. þæginda, to do a thing to please one.
þý (gen. -jar, dat. -ju; pl. -jar), f. þægja (-ða, -ðr), v. (1) to make accept-
bondmaid, bondwomnan. able; (2) to push roughly, shove, with dat.;
þý-borinn, pp. born of a bondwoman. Þorsteinn þægir honum íbekkinn, Th.
þýða (-dda, -ddr), v. (1) to win over, at- pushes him roughly on the bench.
tach; þ. sér, to attach to oneself (hann ferr þægr, a. acceptable, agreeable.
víða um lönd ok þýddi sér fólkit); (2) to þœfa (-ða, -ðr), v. (1) to full (þ. klæði);
explain, interpret (þ. draum); (3) to signi- (2) to press; þ. e-n um liðsbeina, to press
fy (hvat ætlar þú þenna draum þ.?); (4) one for help; (3) to walk heavily, lumber
refl., þýðast e-n, to attach oneself to, asso- (þœfði hón þá ofan til árinnar); (4) refl.,
ciate with one; þ. e-n með vináttu, to be on þœfast við, to quarrel, squabble; þ. til e-s,
a friendly footing with one; þ. e-m = þ. e- to struggle (fight) for a thing (eigi mun ek
n; Uni þýddist þórunni, dóttur Leiðólfs, lengi þ. til hvílunnar við þik).
U. paid court to Th., daughter of L.; þ. til þœfa, þœfð, f. quarrel, squabble.
e-s, undir e-n, to attach oneself to, pay þœfni, f. disposition to quarrel.
homage to, submit to (vildu þeir heldr þ. þögn (gen. þagnar), f. silence; slær á e-
undir hans konungdóm en undir Svía-ko- n, one is struck dumb.
nung; þýddust til hans margir höfðingjar þögull, a. habitually silent, taciturn.
af öðrum löndum). þökk (gen. þakkar, pl. þakkir), f. (1)
þýða, f. attachment, love. pleasure, liking; gera e-t til þakka e-s, to
þýðerska, -eska, f. = þýðverska. one’s liking, to please a person; (2) thanks

648
þöll Þ þörf-gi
(Auðr tók þat með þökkum); mér er þ. á wanted, is necessary (hón kvað þess litla
e-u, I am thankful for a thing; kunna e-m þ.); e-m er e-s þ., e-m er þ. á e-u, one is
þ. fyrir e-t, to be much obliged to one for a in need of; þá er þ. verðr, when wanted;
thing; gera guði þakkir fyrir e-t, to thank ef gørast þarfar þess, if need be; þola þ.
God for a thing. e-s, to be in want of; fjár síns, er fengit
þöll (gen. þallar), f. young fir-tree. hefir, skylit maðr þ. þola, a man should
þömb (gen. þambar), f. paunch. not stint himself of money he has made;
þön (gen. þanar, pl. þanir), f. tenter, þörfum meirr, more than wanted, exces-
stretcher (þeir tóku gærur af þönum). sively; e-t kemr vel í þarfar, it comes to
þöngull (pl. þönglar), m. stein of good use, comes in when wanted; vinna þ.,
tangle (S. greip upp einn þöngulinn). to suffice; kunna þ. (with infin.), to long
þörf (gen. þarfar, pl. þarfar), f. to, feel impelled to.
want, need, necessity; e-s er þ., a thing is þörf-gi, poet. no need, not needed.

649
æ ætla

Æ
æja (æ, áða, áð), v. to rest and bait (æ.
hestum sínum); absol., þeir áðu í Kerlin-
gardal, they baited their horses in Carline-
dale.
æligr, a. vile, wretched.
æ-lífr, a. eternal, = eilífr.
ær (gen. ær, dat. and acc. á; pl. ær,
gen. á, dat. ám), f. ewe (kýr ok ær).
æ, interj. ah! o! oh! (denoting pain). æra, f. honour (engrar æru verðr).
æ, adv. (1) aye, ever, always (við vín eitt æra (-ða, -t), v. to row, pull (from ‘ár’,
Óðinn æ lifir); æ ok æ, for ever and ever; oar); æ. undan e-m, to row away from, re-
æ jafnan, forever and aye; (2) with com- treat before, one.
par.; gljúfrin vóru æ því breiðari er ofarr æra (-ða, -t), v. to give a good crop
dró, the ravine became ever the broader the (from ‘ár’, year); impers., ærir akr (acc.),
higher one went up; æ sem fyrst, the soon- the field becomes fertile.
est possible; (3) never (æ menn hann sjál- ær-ligr, a. honest (for. and late).
fan um sjá). -ærr, a. -oared, in compds.
æða-blóð, n. blood running in the veins; ært, a. n., in the phrase, vel æ., illa æ.,
taka e-m -blóð, to bleed one. a good, bad year or season.
æða-fugl, m. eiderbird, = æðr. æru-fullr, a. worthy; -lauss, a. dis-
æðr (gen. æðar, dat. and acc. æði; pl. honest; -ligr, a. honourable.
æðar), f. eiderduck. æs (pl. -ar), f. thread-hole in a shoe.
æðr (gen. æðar, dat. and acc. æði; pl. æsta (æsta, æstr), v. to ask, demand,
æðar), f. vein (blóð hans var allt ór request (æ. e-n e-s); æ. sór griða, to ask
æðum runnit). for a truce.
æðra, f. fear, despondency, despair; æta, f. eater, in ‘mann-æta’.
mæla æðru, to utter words of despair. -æti, n. edible thing, in ‘úæti’.
æðrast (að), v. refl. to falter from fear, æ-tíð, adv. at every time, ever.
lose heart (eigi skyldim vér æ. at leggja til ætla (að), v. (1) to think, mean, suppose
bardaga). (munu þeir æ., at vér hafim riðit austr);
æðru-orð, n. word of fear (engi maðr hann ætlaði henni líf en sér dauða, he ex-
skyldi þar -orð mæla). pected life for her, but death for himself;
æfar, adv. very, exceedingly,= afar. (2) to intend, purpose (ek ætla ok styrkja
æfi, f. age, etc., see ‘ævi’. Gunnar at nökkuru); þeir ætluðu ekki
æfintýr, n., see ‘ævintýr’. lengra í kveld, they did not intend to go
ægir (gen. ægis), m. (1) the sea, ocean, any farther to-night; þat verðr hverr at
main; sól gengr í ægi, the sun sets in the vinna, er ætlat er, every one must do the
sea; (2) the giant Ægir, the husband of work that is set before him; æ. e-m e-t, to
Ran; Ægis dœtr, the daughters of Æ., the set apart for one, allot to one (hann æt-
waves, billows. laði þrælum sínum dagsverk); to intend a
ægi-sandr, m. sea-sand. thing for one (hann keypti þar pell ágætt,

650
ætlan Æ ætt-fólk
er hann ætlaði Ólafi konungi); to expect thralls; telja æ. til e-s, to trace one’s pedi-
from one, suspect one of (þér mundi þat gree to; e-t gengr í æ., it is hereditary; (3)
engi maðr æ.); æ. sér hóf, to keep within generation (í ina þriðju eða fjórðu æ.).
bounds; æ. sér (with infin.), to intend, ættaðr, pp. descended (hón var ættuð
purpose (ef hann ætlar sér at keppa við ór Mostr); æ. vel, well-born, of good fami-
oss); suðr ætla ek mér at ganga, I intend ly.
to go south (to Rome); æ. fyrir (with in- ættar-bragð, n. family trait; -bœtir,
fin.), to intend (eru þat hin mestu firn, m. betterer of one’s family; -ferð, f. ori-
at þér ætlið fyrir at leggja á allt fólk gin, descent; -fylgja, f. family guardian
ánauðarok); æ. e-t fyrir, to foredoom, fore- spirit; -gift, f. family luck; -gripr, m.
ordain (þat mun verða um forlög okkur heirloom; -haugr, m. family cairn, family
sem áðr er ætlat fyrir); æ. fyrir sér, to tomb; -högg, n. family blow, calamity;
think beforehand, expect (mart verðr an- -mót, n. family likeness (er þat -mót með
nan veg en maðrinn ætlar fyrir sér); æ. til okkr); -nafn, n. hereditary title; -réttr,
e-s staðar, to intend to go to a place (þeir m. hereditary right; -ríki, n. hereditary
sigldu nú ok ætla, til Miklagarðs); æ. til kingdom; -skarð, n. a loss (by death) in a
e-s, to reckon upon, expect (eigi þarftu til family; -skömm, f. a disgrace to a family
þess at æ., at ek ganga við frændsemi við (of a person); -spillir, m. family spoiler,

Æ
yðr); hann tók sér bústað ok ætlaði þar disgracer; -svipr, m. = -mót; -tal, n.,
landeign til, he destined a piece of land for -tala, f. pedigree, genealogy.
that purpose; (3) refl., ætlast, to intend, ætt-bálkr, m. lineage, family; -bogi,
purpose, = ætla sér (hann ætlast at fara til m. lineage; -borinn, pp. (1) born, native;
Jómsborgar); æ. e-t fyrir, to intend to do þar -borinn í Þrándheimi, a native of Th.;
a thing (vér skulum halda til njósn, hvat vel -borinn, well-born, of good family; (2)
Ólafr ætlast fyrir). born to, entitled to by birth; -borinn til
ætlan, f. (1) thought, meaning, opinion lands, a rightful heir of the land; (3) legiti-
(hverja æ. hafið þér um úfrið þenna); (2) mate (sonr -borinn).
plan, design (brást sú æ., sem áðr var gör ætterni, n. (1) descent, extraction, ori-
um atlöguna); (3) reason, meaning; þat er gin (ekki var margra manna vitorð á hans
engi æ., there is no use thinking of that; æ.); suðreyskr at æ., by birth; telja æ. til
(4) estimate (mevi fjöldi en hœgt væri at e-s, to reckon one’s pedigree up to a per-
telja eða æ. á koma). son; (2) family, kindred, kinsmen (þar er
ætlanar-maðr, m. steward, = bryti, æ. hans allt).
ráðsmaðr; -verk, n. task. ætt-fólk, n. relations, kinsmen;
ætni, f., -löstr, m. gluttony. -fróðr, a. well versed in pedigrees;
ætr, a. eatable (allt þat er ætt er). -fœrsla, f. adoption; -gangr, m. succes-
ætt (pl. -ir), f. (1) quarter of the heaven, sion; -geigr, m. family calamity; -gen-
direction, = átt (flugu þau í brott bæði gr, a. characteristic of one’s family, born
samt í sömu æ.); (2) one’s family, extrac- in the blood (e-m er e-t -gengt); -góðr, a.
tion, pedigree (hann var sœnskr at æ.); of good family; -gœði, n. goodness of ori-
þaðan eru komnar þræla ættir, the race of gin, rank, high birth; -göfugr, a. of noble

651
ættingi Æ æzli
extraction; -hagi, m. = átthagi; -hringr, æ-verðligr, a. everlasting.
m. lineage, pedigree. ævi (gen. ævi), f. (1) age, time; hann var
ættingi (pl. -jar), m. kinsman. konungr yfir Nóregi langa æ., for a long
ætt-jörð, f. native country; -kvísl, f. time; um aldr ok æ., for ever and ever; alla
a line, branch of family; -land, n. one’s æ., for all time, ever; in forna (nýja) æ.,
native land; -leggr, m. stem, lineage; the old (new) era; (2) lifetime (helzt þat
-leiða (-dda, -ddr), v. to legitimate (a allt um hans æ.); (3) a life-story, biography
natural child); -leiðing, f. legitimation = ævi-saga (hann ritaði æ. Nóregs konun-
(of a natural child); -leiðingr, m. a le- ga).
gitimated child; -leifð, f. patrimony; ævi-dagar, m. pl. life-days; -liga, adv.
-lera, a. indecl. degenerate; -leri, m. a for ever; -ligr, a. everlasting; -lok, n. pl.
degenerate person, a discredit to a family; life’s end, death.
-liðr, m. a link in a pedigree; -menn, m. ævin-lengd, f. a life’s course; -liga,
pl. kinsmen; -nafn, n. a (Christian) name adv. for ever; -ligr, a. everlasting; -rú-
usual in a family; -niðr, m. descendant; nar, f. pl. everlasting runes or mysteries;
-rif, n. = -leggr; -smár, a. of low ex- -trygðir, f. pl. everlasting truce (al-
traction; -stórr, a. high-born; -stœri, f. drtrygðir ok -trygðir).
greatness of extraction; -víg, n. slaying of ævintýr, n. (1) adventure; vita sitt ep-
a kinsman; -vísi, f. knowledge of genealo- tirkomanda ævintýr, to know one’s future
gies. lot; (2) tale, story.
æva, adv. (1) never (sá er æ. þegir); Gísli ævintýrr, m. = ævintýr.
kvað þá vísu, er æ. skyldi, G. repeated ævi-saga, f. life, biography.
a verse that he never should; (2) at any æzka, f. relationship, kinship (vera í
time, ever; æ. ekki, never, = æva-gi; (3) æzku við e-n).
not (jörð fannst æ. né upphiminn). æzkatr, pp. = ættaðr.
æva-gi, adv. never, = æva ekki. æzli, n. carrion.
ævar, adv. = afar, æfar.

652
œða œrsl

Œ
-hjálmr, m. helmet of terror; bera -hjálm
yfir e-m, to hold one in awe and submis-
sion; bera -hjálm í augum, to have a ter-
ror-striking glance.
œgja (-ða, -ðr), v. (1) to make terrible,
exaggerate; mjök hafa þessir œgðir verit í
frásögnum, made more terrible than they
are; (2) to scare, frighten, with dat. (œgir
œða (œdda, œddr), v. to make furious; mér ekki þetta fégjald); impers., e-m
mostly refl., œðast, to become frantic or œgir, one is afraid (er eigi þat, at þér œgi
furious (hestrinn œddist ok sleit reipin). við mik at berjast?); (3) to threaten; hón
œði, f. (1) rage, fury (R. spratt upp af œ. œgði mér af afbrýði, she threatened me in
mikilli ok mælti); (2) madness, frenzy. her jealousy; œ. e-m píslum, to threaten
œði, n. nature, disposition, mind, also with tortures.
manners (hann hafði mjök á sér kaup- œgr, a. terrible, = ógurligr.
manns œ.); er þat ok ekki við þitt œ., it œliligr, a. fit to be brought up.
does not suit thee. œll, a. fit to be fed or harboured.
œði-fullr, a. furious; -saraligr, a. = œmta (-mta, -mt), v. to mutter (kerlin-
-fullr; -stormr, m. furious gale; gin œmtir við innar í húsinu); œ. e-u or
-straumr, m. furious current; -veðr, n. e-m, to say a word to, pay attention to, take
= -stormr; -verkr, m. furious pain; -vin- heed of.
dr, m. = -veðr. œpa (-ta, -t), v. to cry, shout (bónda
œðr, a. that may be waded, fordable, = múgurinn œpti ok kallaði, at þeir vildi

Œ
vœðr (áin var eigi œð). hann til konungs taka); œ. upp, to shout
œðri, a. compar., œztr, a. superl. out; œ. at e-m, œ. á e-n, to call, cry out to
higher, highest; (1) in a local sense; uppi one; with acc., œ. heróp, sigróp, to raise
ok niðri leitaða ek œðra vegar, up and a war-cry, a shout of victory.
down I sought for the higher road; œðra œra (-ða, -ðr) v. to madden, make mad
öndvegi, œðri bekkr, the upper high-seat, (illr andi œrði Saul); refl., œrast, to run
higher bench, opp. to úœðra ö., úœðri b., mad, run wild (œrast nú hestarnir báðir).
the lower high-seat or bench; (2) fig. higher œri, a. compar. younger (engi maðr œ.
(highest) in rank or dignity (tólf hofgoðar en átján vetra gamall).
vóru œztir). œri-liga, adv. furiously, madly (láta
œfi-maðr, m. man of violence. -liga); -ligr, a. mad, absurd.
œfr, a. vehement, angry, chafing (var þá œrinn, a. sufficient, = ýrinn, yfrinn
konungar svá œ. ok œrr, at). (œrin var nauðsyn til þessa verks); er þat
œgi-liga, adv. terribly, threateningly; ok œrit eitt, at, it is quite sufficient that;
-ligr, a. terrible, awful. œrit fagr, fair enough til œrins, sufficient-
œgir (gen. -is), m. frightener, terrifier ly.
(Engla œ., gumna œ.). œrr, a. mad furious (œ. ok ørvita).
œgis-heimr, m. poet. this world; œrsl, n. pl. madness, frenzy; taka œ.,

653
œrsla Œ œxling
to run mad; hann gerði þat eigi í œrslum, œski-liga, adv. to one’s wishes; -ligr,
in fits of madness; stormr mikill með a. to be wished (-lig hvíld); -ligr sonr, an
œrslum, a violent gale. adopted son.
œrsla, f. madness, fury. œskingar-sonr, m. = óskasonr.
œrela-fullr, a. raging, raving (-full œskja (-ta, -tr), v. to wish (þess œski
grimd móður þinnar); -læti, n. pl. rav- ek, at ek óðlist ilíft elíf eptir dauðann);
ings; -sótt, f. madness. œ. e-m e-s (or e-t), to wish a thing, for one.
œsa (-ta, -tr), v. to stir up, excite; œ. œsku-aldr, m. youthful days or age,
úfrið, to stir up war; œ. e-n fram, to egg youth; -blómi, m. flower of youth;
on; impers., œsti storminn svá, at, the -bragð, n. youthful trick; -fullr, a.
storm became so violent, that; refl., œsast, youthful; -gleði, f. glee of youth; -maðr,
to be stirred up, swell (vötn œsast, eldr m. a youth; -mót, n. youth-dress; -skeið,
œsist). n. the prime of life; vera af -skeiði, to be no
œsi-, with adjectives and nouns, vio- longer a young man; -synd, f. sin of one’s
lently, very (-mikill, -hvatlig); -frost, a youth (-syndir mínar ok óvizkur).
sharp frost. œstr, pp. excited, eager, ardent; œ. á
œsi-liga, adv. violently, furiously (falla ímu, eager for fight; neut. œst as adv. =
vötnin -liga); -ligr, a. vehement (-lig œsiliga.
sótt). œxi, n. excrescence (on the body).
œsing, f. vehemence, fury (með svá mik- œxla (œxlta or œxta, œxltr or œx-
lum œsingi, at). tr), v. to cause to increase (dvergrinn lézt
œsingr, m. vehemence, fury (með svá mega œ. sér fé af bauginum); œxti hón
miklum œsingi, at). öldrykkjur, she made a great ale-drinking.
œsir, m. inciter, stirrer, ringleader. œxla (að), v. = œxla (œxlta).
œska, f. youth, childhood. œxling, f. increase.

654
öðlast öl-bekkr

Ö, Ø
öfunda (að), v. to envy, bear a grudge
against (ö. e-n); ö. vinsæld e-s, to envy
his popularity; ö. e-n við e-n, to disparage
one.
öfundar-andi, m. malice; -blóð, n.
blood shed in enmity; -bragð, n. mali-
cious trick; -fé, n. money which is a cause
of envy; -flokkr, m. a troop of ill-wishers
öðlast or øðlast (að), v. refl. to win, (-menn); -fullr, a. full of envy; -grein,
gain as property, get for oneself (ef þú vill f. hostile quarrel; -kent, a. n., e-m er
ö. ástir mínar). -kent til e-s, one bears malice to a person;
øðli, n. origin, extraction, = eðli. -krókr, m. malicious trick; -lauss, a.
øðli, in the phr. at aldar øðli, in ever- unenvied; -maðr, m. ill-wisher, enemy;
lasting possession. -mál, n. slander, calumny; -orð, n. pl.
öðlingr, m. a noble captain, prince. words of envy, slander; -samr, a. envious;
öðru-vís, -vísa, -vísi, -vísu, adv. oth- -verk, n. work of envy; -þáttr, m. =
erwise, in another manner. -verk.
öfga (að), v. (1) to reverse (allir stafir öfund-fullr, a. envious; -kent, a. n.
eru öfgaðir þess nafns [Eva] ok gört af = öfundar-kent (e-m er -kent við e-n);
Ave); (2) to distort, misrepresent (ö. orð e- -lauss, a. unenvied; -samliga, adv. en-
s). viously; -samr, a. (1) envious; (2) causing
öflgast (að), v. refl. to get strong, wax envy, envied; -sjúkr, a. envious, jealous;
(þá öflgaðist ágirni til fjár); ö. í móti e-m, -sýki, f. envy.
to rise strong against. öfúsa, f. thanks, gratitude, = aufúsa.
öflugr, a. strong, powerful (mikill vexti öfúsu-gestr, m. a welcome guest.
ok ö.); leggja öfiga hönd á e-n, to lay vio- ögn (gen. agnar, pl. agnar, agnir),
lent hands on one. f. chaff, husks (blanda agnar ok sáðir við

Ö, Ø
öflun, f. gain, = aflan. brauð).
óflunar-maðr, m. a good steward. ögr, n. inlet, small bay.
øfri, øfstr, see ‘efri’, ‘efstr’. økkvinn, a. thick, clodded (ø. hleifr).
öfugr, a. (1) turned the wrong way with ökla (pl. öklu), n. ankle.
the tail or back foremost; ganga, hlaupa ö., ökla-eldr, m. a fire reaching to the an-
to walk, leap backward; drepa, höggva öf- kles; -liðr, m. ankle-joint.
gri hendi, with the back of the hand; (2) ökul-brœkr, f. pl. breeches reaching
unkind, harsh (mæla öfugt orð til e-s). down to the ankles; -skúaðr, pp. wearing
öfund, f. grudge, envy, ill-will, hatred shoes up to the ankles.
(sakir öfundar við Nóregs konung); e-m öku-vegr, m. carriage road, cart road (-
leikr (vex) ö. á e-u, one envies, feels envy vegrinn var ekki breiðr).
at; verk þat var með hinni mestu ö., that ökvisi, m., see ‘aukvisi’.
act was the object of the greatest indigna- öl (dat. ölvi, gen. pl. ölva), n. ale.
tion. öl-bekkr, m. ale-bench, drinking-

655
öl-bogi Ö, Ø önd
bench; sitja á -bekki, to sit drinking. -góðr, a. = -gjarn; -gœði, f. charitable-
öl-bogi, m., see ‘ölnbogi’. ness; -kona, f. poor woman; -maðr, m.
öl-búð, f. ale-booth. almsman; -moli, m. crumb of charity
öld (gen. aldar, pl. aldir), f. (1) time, (þurfandi -mola).
age (var ö. hans góð landsfólkinu); of al- öl-mæli, n. = ölmál, öldrmál.
lar aldir, through all ages; at alda øðli, to öln (gen. alnar, pl. alnar, alnir), f.
everlasting possession, for ever; (2) cycle, (1) fore-arm; (2) cubit, ell.
period; gamla ö., the old cycle; (3) poet., ölnboga-bót, f. the hollow of the arm;
men, people; alda börn, children of men. cf. ‘knésbót’.
öldr, n. (1) ale (drekka öldr); (2) drink- öln-bogi, m. elbow.
ing-party (at öldri ok at áti). öl-óðr, a. drunk (hann varð -óðr).
öldr-mál, n. pl. talk over ale. ölr, a. drunk (ö. ek varð).
öl-drukkinn, pp. drunk with ale; ölr, m. alder-tree, = elrir.
-drykkja, f. ale-drinking; -drykkjar, öl-reifr, a. = -kátr; -rúnar, f. pl. a
m. pl. drinking-mates. kind of runes; -selja, f. a female cup-
öldungr (-s, -ar), m. (1) elder, alder- bearer; -siðr, m. a custom at a drinking-
man; senator; (2) hero, champion (mikinn party; -skál, f. ale-cup; -stofa, f. ale-
öldung höfum vér hér at velli lagt); (3) room, drinking-hall.
old bull. ölstr, n. alder-bush (?).
öldunga-húð, f. hide of an old bull öl-teiti, f. cheer, merriment, over
(hann lætr breiða eina -húð). drink; -teitr, a. = -kátr; -tól, n. drink-
öldur-maðr, m. alderman, man of ing-vessel.
rank; -mannligr, a. aldermanlike, portly, öl-úð, f. sincerity, affection; taka við e-
venerable. m með -úð, to give one a hearty reception;
öl-eysill, m. ale-ladle; -föng, n. pl. veita með -úð, to give hospitable treat-
ale-stores; -gögn, n. pl. drinking vessels; ment.
-gørð, f. ale making, brewing. ölúðar-vin, m. sincere friend.
ölgørðar-maðr, m. brewer. ölvaðr, pp. worse for drink, tipsy.
öl-hita, f. ale-brewing; -horn, n. ale- öl-værð, f. = ölúð (taka við e-m með
horn, drinking-horn; -kátr, a. merry with -værð); -værliga, adv. heartily; -værr,
ale; -kelda, f. mineral well; -ker, n. ale- a. affectionate, kind.
cask; -kjóll, m. ale-cauldron; -krásir, f. ömbun, f. payment for service reward,
ale-dainties. return (ef þeir mætti hafa ö. erfiðis síns).
öllungis, adv. altogether, quite. ömbuna (að), v. to reward, make a re-
öl-mál, n. pl. talk over ale, table-talk; turn for (ö. e-m e-t).
-móðr, a. dull with drink. ömbunari, m. rewarder.
ölmusa, f. (1) alms, charity (gera. e-m ömstr, m. stack, rick, = amstr.
ölmusu); (2) imbecile person (eru þér þó ömurligr, a. detestable, disgusting.
ölmusur hjá mér). önd, f. porch, = anddyri.
ölmusu-barn, n. pauper child; -gjarn, önd (gen. andar, pl. endr and
a. charitable; -gjöf, f. alms-giving; andir), f. duck (fundu þeir þar andir

656
önd Ö, Ø ør-eigð
margar; endr ok elptr). øngving, f. distress, affliction.
önd (gen. andar, dat. önd and öndu; öng-vit, n. fainting-fit, swoon, = úvit
pl. andir), f. (1) breath; draga öndina, to (falla í -vit); -værr, a. in anguish, dis-
draw breath; verpa, varpa öndu, to draw tressed; -þveiti, n. straits; koma í -þveiti,
a sigh; (2) breath, life; týna öndu, to lose to get into a strait.
breath, die; fara öndu e-s, to put to death; önn (gen. annar, pl. annir), f. (1)
(3) soul; fela guði ö. sína á hendi, to give work, business, trouble; harin var í mikilli
over one’s soul into God’s hands. ö., very busy; fá e-m ö., to give one trou-
önd- = and-, before v and u. ble; (2) pl. annir, working season, esp. the
öndóttr, a. fiery, awful, of the eyes. hay-making season (en þetta var of annir).
öndugi, n. the high-seat, = öndvegi. önn, f. for ‘önd’ = anddyri (?).
öndurðr, a. = öndverðr. önn-kostr, m., in the phrase, fyrir
öndurr, m. = andri. -kost, intentionally, purposely; sigla skipi
önd-vegi, n. high-seat (sitja í -vegi). á sker fyrir -kost, to run a ship ashore pur-
öndvegis-höldr, -maðr, m. the man posely.
sitting in the high-seat (öndvegi) opposite önnugr, a. busy (ö. í e-u).
to the lord of the house, the king’s first önnungr, m. labourer, toiler.
man; -súla, f. high-seat post or pillar. önnungs-verk, n. hard work.
önd-verða, f. beginning (fyrir -verðu ör (gen. -var, pl. -var), f. arrow; skjóta
heims þessa); -verðliga, adv. early, at öru, to shoot an arrow; frequently used as
the outset; -verðr and -urðr, a. (1) a token sent round to summon a meeting
standing face to face (-urðir skulu ernir (skera ör, skera ör upp); cf. ‘herör’.
klóast); (2) lying in front; í -urðri ør-, a prefixed particle, prop. = ór; also
fylkingu, in the front of the battalion; (3) spelt eyr-, er- (eyrendi, erendi).
of time, coming first, earlier, former (part ør-bjarga, a. indecl. helpless.
of a period); á -verðum vetri, in the be- örð (gen. arðar), f. crop, produce.
ginning of the winter; bæði -verðar nætr örðga or örga (að), v. to raise, lift (ö.

Ö, Ø
ok ofan-verðar, both in the beginning and augum); örðgast upp sem leo, to rise to
end of the night; af -verðu, from the begin- one’s feet like a lion.
ning; fyrir -verðu, at the outset. örðigr, a. (1) erect, upright, rising on
øngd, f. strait, affliction. end; ríss hestrinn ö. undir honum, the
öng-, øng-leiki, m. straitness, narrow- horse rears under him; (2) fig. difficult, ar-
ness; -liga, adv. in straits (-liga staddr). duous (en hitt mun mér örðigra þykkja at
øngr (acc. -van), pron. none, = engi. lúta til Selþóris); (3) harsh, hard (sumt
öngr and øngr, a. narrow, strait. þykkir heldr örðigt í orðum konungs).
öngull (pl. önglar), m. fish-hook. ör-drag, n. arrow-shot, used to express
øngva (-ða, -ðr), v. to straiten, oppress distance (Sveinki mun eigi flýja eitt
(ø. e-m). -drag).
öngva (að), v. to press (ö. saman). ør-eigð, f. utter poverty, destitution;
öngvar, f. pl. straits; aka ór öngum, to -eigi, m. indigent (destitute) person; a.
get out of a strait. indecl. destitute, poor; -eign, f. = -eigð

657
ør-endi Ö, Ø ør-óf
(öreignarinnar eldr). -kymsl, n. maim = -kuml; -kynja, a. in-
ør-endi (from ‘ør’ and ‘önd’), n. (1) decl. degenerate; -kynjast (að), v. to de-
breath; e-n þrýtr -endit, one’s breath fails, generate (-kynjazt hefir þú ok afspringi
one loses breath; Þórr þreytir á drykkjuna, föður þíns með þér).
sem honum vannst til -endi, Thor drank ørlags-þráðr, m. thread of life.
hard while his breath lasted; (2) strophe, ör-látr, a. open-handed; -leikr, m.
stanza (of a poem); cf. ‘erendi, eyrendi, liberality, munificence.
eyrindi’; -endr, a. having breathed one’s ør-lendast, -lendis, -lendr, a., see
last, dead (hón hné í fang bónda sínum ‘erlendast’, &c.
ok var þá -end); cf. ‘eyrendr’. ör-liga, adv. largely, abundantly;
ör-falr, m. socket of an arrow-head. -ligr, a. abundant (-ligr ávöxtr); -lyndi,
ør-ferð, f. fate, doom; -firi, n., f. bountiful mind; -lyndr, a. (1) bountiful,
-fjara, f. an out-going, ebbing. liberal, free-handed; (2) impetuous, head-
örga (að), v. = örðga (ö. augunum). strong; -læti, n. liberality, charitableness.
ør-gáti, m. cheer, fare. ør-lygi, n. fight, war; -lög, n. pl. fate,
örglast (að), v. refl. to rise up (hann doom, fortunes (segja fyrir, sjá fyrir, -lög
örgiaðist þegar á fœtr). manna); þat er likast, at liðin sé min -lög,
ør-grynni, n. countless multitude, = that my life-time is at an end; ef nornir
úgrynni; -hilpr, a. helpless; -jarta, a. ráða -lögum manna, if the Norms rule over
indecl. out of heart, having lost heart; the fortunes of men.
-hóf, -hœfi, n. = -óf, -œfi. ørlög-lauss, a. futureless, with fortune
örk (gen. arkar and erkr, pl. arkir), still undecided; -símu, n. pl., -þættir,
f. (1) ark, chest (gengr Vigdís inn ok til m. pl. threads, strands of fate (snøru af
erkr þeirar, er Þ. átti); (2) coffin. afli -þáttu).
örku-fótr, m. the foot of a chest. ör-malr, m. arrow-case, quiver.
ørkn, n. a kind of seal. ör-málugr, a. hasty of speech.
ør-kola, a. indecl. burnt out; fig., verðr ør-mul, n. pl. remnants, traces (engi
-kola fyrir mörgum, many are at the end of -mul fundust af Háreki).
their resources; -kosta, f. good fare, pro- ör-mælir, m. quiver, = örva-mælir.
visions; -kostr, m. (1) resource, means; örn (gen. arnar, pl. ernir, acc. ör-
(2) abundance (-kostr hvera); -kuml, nu), m. eagle (gunni at heyja ok glaða ör-
-kumbl, n. lasting scar, bodily blemish, nu).
maiming, mutilation (lifa við -kuml); ørna, gen. pl.; see ‘erendi’.
-kumla (að), v. to maim, mutilate; -kum- ør-nafn, -nefni, n. local name (hann
laðr maðr, a maimed invalid. skyldi af hans nafni ørnefni gefa).
ørkumla-lauss, a. unmaimed, unblem- ör-oðr, a. hasty of speech, frank, out-
ished; sá maðr féll ok varð aldri -lauss spoken, = örmálugr.
meðan hann lifði, he was ever after a crip- ør-óf, n. immensity (-óf manna ok váp-
ple so long as he lived; -maðr, m. = na); -ófi vetra áðr væri jörð of sköpuð,
ørkumlaðr maðr. winters unnumbered ere earth was fash-
ør-kunnast (að), v. refl. to degenerate; ioned.

658
ørr Ö, Ø ør-vilnan
ørr, n. scar (hann hafði ø. í andliti). íss, -uggt fylgsni).
örr (acc. örvan), a. (1) swift, ready; örva (að), v. to incite.
neut., ört, fast; ísinn rak svá ört, at, the örva-drif, n., -drifa, f, shower of ar-
ice drifted so fast, that; (2) liberal, open- rows; -flug, n. flight of arrows; -malr,
handed (allra manna örvastr); neut., ört, -melr, -mælir, m. quiver.
fully, quite; eigi ört hálfr fjórði tugr man- örvar-boð, n. a message or summons by
na, not quite thirty-five men; (3) active, an arrow; -drag, n. = ördrag; -oðr, m.
energetic. arrow-point, arrow-head; -skapt, n. shaft
ørróttr, a. scarred, covered with scars of an arrow; -skot, n. = örskot; -skurðr,
(hendr ørróttar). m. despatching an arrow-message; -þing,
ør-sauði, a. sheepless, = sauðlauss; n. an assembly summoned by means of an
-sekr, a. ‘clear of guilt’, free; -skamma, arrow-message.
a. indecl. shameless, unblushing; -skemd, ør-vasi, a. decrepit, worn out (gamall
f. a great shame, disgrace; -skemmiliga, ok allnær -vasi at aldri); á -vasa aldri, in
adv. shamelessly, unblushingly. one’s old age.
ørskipta-maðr, m. an eccentric, over- ørvendr, a. left-handed (ø. maðr).
bearing person. ør-verpi, n. decrepitude (?).
ør-skipti, n. pl. eccentricity, strange af- ør-vilnan, f. despair, despondency;
fairs; segja frá nökkurs konar -skiptum, -vilnast (að), v. refl. to despair (-vilnast
to relate strange things. e-s); -viti, a. out of one’s senses, frantic,
ör-skot, n. arrow-shot, = -drag. mad; banvænn ok nær -viti, sinking fast
örskots-helgr, f. asylum or sanctuary and well-nigh senseless; -vinan, f. vine-
within arrow-shot; -lengd, f. range of an gar; -væna, f. anything beyond hope; mér
arrow. er Sveins á engri stundu -væna, I may ex-
ör-skreiðr, a. swift-gliding, of a ship pect S. at any time; -væni, n. ‘non-expec-
(skipin vóru örskreið). tation’; vissi engi hans náttstað, ok engi
ør-taka, a. indecl. losing one’s grasp; hans -væni, nobody knew when he might

Ö, Ø
verða -taka, to lose hold. not be expected, no one fell safe from him;
ørtog, f. an old Norse weight, = a third -vænliga, adv. feignedly; láta -vænliga,
part of an ounce (eyrir). to feign, make believe; -vænn, a. beyond
ør-ugga (að), v. to comfort; -ugga sik, expectation, past hope; fyrir hann var ein-
to cheer one’s heart, take heart. skis -vænt, anything might be expected
ørugg-leikr, m. (1) security, confi- from him; eigi er -vænt, at, it is not un-
dence; (2) fearlessness; -liga, adv. unfail- likely, it is to be looked for, that (eigi er
ingly, without fear, boldly. -vænt, at skjótt steypist hans riki); -væn-
ør-uggr, a. (1) out of danger, safe, se- ta (-nta, -nt), v. to despair, with gen.;
cure; (2) fearless, undaunted (-uggr í einskis ills -vænti ek fyrir yðr, there is
framgöngu); (3) resolved (þeir vóru -uggir no wicked thing that may not be expected
í því at firrast Nóreg sem mest); (4) from you; -vænta sér e-s, to despair of; re-
trusty, to be relied on (gefið eignir þeim, fl., -væntast e-s = -vænta sér e-s; -væn-
sem yör eru -uggir); of things, safe (-uggr tan, f. despair, hopelessness; -vætta, v. =

659
ørþrif-ráða Ö, Ø öxul-tré
-vænta (Danir ørvæntu sér sigrs). øx (gen. øxar, exar, dat. and acc. øxi,
ørþrif-ráða, a. indecl. destitute of ex- exi, pl. øxar, exar), f. axe (hann hafði í
pedients, at a loss what to do (Vagn verðr hendi øxi mikla).
eigi -ráða). øxa (að), v. to cut or shape with an axe
ørþrifs-ráði, a. = ørþrifráða. (ø. kirkjuvið).
ør-œfi, n. an open, harbourless coast- øxar-egg, f. edge of an axe; -hamarr,
land (fyrir hafnleysis sakir ok -œfis). m. back of an axe.
öskra (að), v. to roar, bellow. øxarhamars-högg, n. a blow with the
öskran, f. roaring, bellowing. back of an axe.
öskran-ligr, a. horrible, = öskur-ligr øxar-hyrna, f. the hooked point of an
(óp mikit ok -ligt). axe-blade; -skapt, n. handle of an axe;
ösku-, gen. from ‘aska’; -bakaðr, pp. -tálga, f. cutting with an axe (hvárki
baked in ashes; -dagr, m. Ash Wednes- hamarshögg né -tálga).
day; -dreifðr, pp. besprinkled with ash- øxa-tré, n. a beam on the house-wall for
es; -dyngja, f. heap of ashes; -fall, n. hanging up axes.
fall of ashes (from a volcano); -fölr, a. öxl (gen. axlar, pl. axlir), f. (1)
ash-pale, pale as ashes; -haugr, m. = shoulder-joint, shoulder (hendr blóðgar
-dyngja; -óðins-dagr, m. = -dagr. upp til axla); hann hafði øxi um öxl, he
öskur-liga, adv. horribly, hideously carried an axe over his shoulder; sat
(œpa -liga); -ligr, a. hideous, terrible Þorkell upp við ö., TH. sat half up, lean-
(belja -ligri röðu). ing on his arm; líta um ö., to look over
ösla (að) v. to wade or splash (hón öslar one’s shoulder; (2) fig. the shoulder of a
aptr til meginlands). mountain (en er þeir kömu inn fyrir öxli-
ösnu-ligr, a. like a she-ass; -ligr kvern- na); (3) axel = öxull.
steinn, the upper mill-stone (mola asinar- øxn, m. pl., see ‘oxi’.
ia). öxull, m. axle (himinn sýnist um þær
ösp (gen. aspar, pl. aspir), f. aspen- veltast sem hvel um öxul).
tree (einstœð sem ö. í holti). öxul-tré, n. axle-tree.
ötu-fœrr, a. able to fight, of a horse.

660