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com‬‬

‫ﻋـــﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺘﻘــﺮﺑــﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﺴــﺎﻓــﺎت‬

‫‪!"#‬‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﻋﺎﻳﺪ‬

‫‪READING‬‬
‫ﻋـــﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺘﻘــﺮﺑــﻠﻚ اﻟﻤﺴــﺎﻓــﺎت‬

‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻮل‬
‫‪Ayed Elstohy‬‬
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‫‪First strategy: Figures Analysis‬‬

‫كيفية التعامل مع الرسوم البيانية و الجداول و االحصاءات‬

‫عناصر الرسم البياني‪:‬‬

‫‪ .1‬الفئة المراد تقييمها (مثل‪ :‬عدد زوار المملكة للحج – استهالك المياه)‬

‫الفئة‬ ‫‪ .2‬السنة التي يتم فيها التقييم باستخدام ?‪which year‬‬

‫‪ .3‬قيمة هذه الفئة‬

‫بيكون موجود عنصرين في السؤال و يطلب العنصر المفقود‬

‫السنة‬ ‫القيمة‬ ‫إذا طلب منك القيمة عليك مراعاة األتي ‪:‬‬

‫‪ .1‬القيمة االكثر باستخدام احدي هذه الكلمات‬

‫(‪(the most – the highest – the largest - the biggest‬‬

‫‪ .2‬القيمة األقل باستخدام احدي هذه الكلمات‬

‫)‪(the least – the lowest – the fewest- the smallest‬‬

‫‪ .3‬تقدير تقريبي لعنصر ما باألرقام‬

‫?‪How many students prefer football‬‬

‫‪2‬‬
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between ‫●او يمكن ان يطلب الفارق في القيمة بين سنتين باستخدام كلمة‬

How many visitors decreased between 1997 and 1998?

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Passage 1

What percentage of spending was on food in 1929?

a) %10
b) %15
c) %24
d) %27

In which year was the percentage of spending on transportation highest?

a) 1929
b) 1965
c) 2001
d) 2011

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Passage 2

What was the homicide rate per 100,000 people in Europe in 2015?
a) 2
b) 5
c) 12
d) 15
How many homicides per 100,000 people happened in Africa in 2005?
a) 7
b) 13
c) 19
d) 24

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Passage 3

Which year had the most pilgrims to Saudi Arabia?

a) 2002
b) 2008
c) 2010
d) 2012

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Passage 4

Which year represents the highest wind investment?

a) 2002
b) 2004
c) 2010
d) 2012
Which year represents the lowest solar investment?
a) 2004
b) 2006
c) 2011
d) 2015

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Passage 5

How many hectares of palm area did the Private Estate reach by 2008?
a) 1 million
b) 2.3 million
c) 1.3 million
d) 3.5 million
What year did the Government Estate reach 500,000 hectares?
a) 1989
b) 1997
c) 2004
d) 2009

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Passage 6

How much did the freshwater levels decrease in Syria between 1967 and 2011?
a) about 800 cubic meters
b) about 500 cubic meters
c) about 400 cubic meters
d) about 250 cubic meters

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Passage 7

How much did life expectancy increase in Latin America between 1960 and 2010?
a) almost 25 years
b) almost 20 years
c) almost 15 years
d) almost 10 years
What was the average life expectancy at birth in Sub-Saharan Africa in 1970?
a) about 45
b) about 50
c) about 55
d) about 60

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Passage 8

What was the lowest number of paid holidays for any city?
a) 4.2 days
b) 6.1 days
c) 8.0 days
d) 9.7 days

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Second Strategy: Meaning Technique

The Question is:

The word … in paragraph) …( is closest in meaning to ....…

‫في هذا التكنيك يكون هناك كلمة في القطعة محددة بالخط العريض او تحتها خط‬
‫ويطلب منك تحديد معناها او االقرب لمعناها من بين الخيارات‬

‫يمكن اختصار االستراتيجية السابقة بحفظ الجدول الذي سيتم إدراجه‬

Passage 1

(3) Although he was not an explorer like Christopher Columbus, Piri was an expert
cartographer. He used a map of Columbus, as well as other older Arab, Chinese,
Indian, Spanish and Greek maps, to create the most accurate map of the known
world of that time. A small part of one of Piri's first world maps was discovered in
1929 at the Topkapi Palace in Istanbul. It was drawn in 1513 on gazelle skin. Copies of
Piri's book and maps can be found in many libraries and museums around the world.
including the Topkapi Palace, the British Museum in London, and the National Library
of France in Paris.
The word cartographer in Paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to………...
a) ship maker
b) map maker
c) navigator
d) Sailor

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Passage 2

An Air India flight bound for New Delhi with 130 people onboard made an emergency
landing in southern Pakistan last week due to technical problems, aviation officials
said. The Airbus A320 from Abu Dhabi made the unscheduled stop at Nawabshah
airport, around 230 kilometers northeast of the port city of Karachi, Pakistan.
The word unscheduled in the passage is closest in meaning to……….
a) not planned
b) not timed
c) extra
d) long

Passage 3

1) A matryoshka doll refers to a set of dolls of decreasing word size placed one
inside the other, The word a diminutive form of the Russian female first name 3
“atryoshka”, "Matryona". The first doll set in Russia was carved in1890 by
VasilyZvyozdochkin from a design by Sergey Malyutin, who was a folk crafts
painter. Traditionally the outer layer is a woman, dressed in a sarafan, a long
traditional Russian dress.
The word carved in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to………...
a) sourced
b) planned
c) shaped
d) copied

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Passage 4

1) The traveler Marco Polo retuned from his famous expedition to the Far East
with fruit-flavored ices. We know from Marco Polo that Asians had been making
fruit-flavored ices for thousands of years, long before he reached this part of
the world. These delicacies became popular in France in the 1500s, but only among
royalty. Over the next few centuries, the process of making them evolved and
eventually cream was introduced as an ingredient. By the 1700s, people were
enjoying a dessert that was very similar to today's ice cream. It became a treat
that could be enjoyed by almost anyone, not just the rich.
The word expedition in Paragraph (1) is closest in meaning to……
a) life
b) invention
c) experience
d) journey

Passage 5
1) My room was large and clean with a big bed. It also had a great view of the sea
and the beach from the window. The location was great, too-right on the beach. It
was 10 minutes on foot from the city center, so I didn't need to drive or take a taxi
to get there. All the staff members were also polite and helpful. But the best part
was the breakfasts which included different breads, cheeses, jams, yogurt and
fruits. Fantastic! I ate something different every day. There were two things I did
not like: the swimming pool was too small for swimming, and the Internet was too
slow to watch videos. However, I'll be visiting again. Peter from Australia).
The word location in the passage is closest in meaning to………..
a) bus
b) View
c) Place
d) Shopping

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‫‪Third Strategy: Referring Technique‬‬

‫هذا التكنيك يتناول السؤال كلمة او عبارة او ﺿمير تم وﺿعه في القطعة بالخط االسود او‬
‫تحته خط ويطلب منك الى اي اختيار يعود هذا الضمير او الكلمة او العبارة‬

‫صيغة السؤال‪:‬‬

‫…‪The word\pronoun …(it) in paragraph … (2) refers to‬‬

‫اكثر الضماﺋر المستخدمة‬

‫‪It – its - they – their – them – there‬‬

‫مراحل الحل ‪:‬‬

‫تنقسم الى تالت مراحل ‪:‬‬

‫‪ – 1‬نوع الضمير وتحديده من ناحية المفرد و الجمع‬

‫علي سبيل المثال ( ‪ )it – its‬مفرد غير عاقل اذ َا هنختار الغير عاقل‬

‫‪ -2‬تحديد نطاق البحث ‪ :‬الضمير بيعود على كلمة في الجمله التي قبله فاذا كان الضمير‬
‫في بداية الجملة مثل ‪ It‬نطاق البحث هيكون في الجملة التي قبله‪.‬‬

‫‪ -3‬السياق ويتطلب فهم السياق وترجمته‬

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passage 1

3) In 1968, both countries formed a joint committee. They formed it to assess

the financial undertaking required for the task. As a result, the World Bank was
requested by the committee to contribute their assistance in methods of
implementation of the mammoth sized project. This required taking into account
the environmental and geographical aspects
of the Saudi-Bahrain region.
The word “it” in paragraph 3) refers to ……...
a) Saudi
b) Bahrain
c) The project
d) The joint committee

Passage2 (‫)الﺰراعة بين الماﺿي والحاﺿر‬

A comparison was made between cultivation in the past in 1900 and the present
time. Where it was found that in the year 1900, 40% of the workers were working
in the field of agriculture, and farmers were producing per day enough food for
an average of 5 people, for themselves and their families, and working manually.
But at the moment there is much more equipment, machinery and production.

The pronoun ‘themselves’ in paragraph (1) refers to ……

a) Agriculture
b) Americans
c) Labor force
d) Farmers

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Passage 3 (‫ )السمك‬Fish

(2) Fish can live in almost any conditions of water. They can live in the freezing
waters of Antarctica, hot jungle streams, lakes and fast flowing mountain rivers.
Nearly all fish get their oxygen from water. Although we cannot see it, water does
contain oxygen. To get this oxygen, the fish forces water through its gills. The gills
absorb oxygen and release carbon dioxide into the water which then passes out
through the gills.

The pronoun ‘it’ in Paragraph (2) refers to ……

a) fish
b) water
c) a river
d) oxygen

Passage 4 (‫)اديسون المخترع العظيم‬

Thomas Edison was totally deaf in one ear and hard of hearing in the other. He
thought of his deafness as a blessing in many ways. It kept conversations short,

so that he could have more time for work. He called himself a "two-shift man
"because he worked 16 out of every 24hours. Sometimes he worked so intensely
that his wife had to remind him to sleep and eat. Thomas Edison died at the age of
84 on October 18, 1931, at his estate in West Orange, New Jersey. He left numerous
inventions that improved the quality of life all over the world.
The pronoun ‘it’ in paragraph (5), refers to his......
a) Blessing.
b) Deafness
c) Thought
d) Ear.

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Passage 5 Currencies
(6) Although the Germans and the Finns use the Euro now, their former
currencies the German mark and the Finnish Markka, both have their origin in
units of weight. While the Spanish peso meaning 'weight" in Spanish, is also no
longer used in Spain, it lives on as the currency of Mexico, Argentina and the
Philippines. The British pound or pound sterling comes from the Latin pounds
weight.

The pronoun ‘it’ in paragraph (6), refers to......

a) Peso.
b) Spain.
c) Weight.
d) Markka

Passage 6 (‫)النمل‬

(5) Ants are interesting creatures. They have very tiny bodies but live in a complex
social community. They are not simply pests, as many people think; in point of
fact, they represent a positive example of how planning and teamwork should work
in our societies.
The pronoun ‘they’ in Paragraph (5) refers to ________.
a) Ants
b) pests.
c) bodies
d) people

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passage 7 (Pizza)

Pizza, which originated in Italy. Is a fast food that is known and loved all around
the world. How did it become so popular? Part of the reason is that tourists who
went to Italy ate it there and loved it. When they returned to their countries,
They looked for Italian restaurants that might have it. But much more significant
in pizza becoming popular worldwide the fact that lots of American soldiers who
were in Italy during World War II ate it there and then wanted it when they
returned to the USA. This dramatic increase in the demand for pizza in the 1950s
led to the development of special restaurants for pizza.

The word there in paragraph 1 refers to……………

a) the United States
b) a pizza restaurant
c) Italy
d) the world

passage 8

Scientists at an Alaskan laboratory have been busy analyzing the unknown

substance. They have concluded that it is a formation of microscopic eggs. One
of the scientists said that there are traces of oil in the eggs, and this is what is
causing the strange, orange color.
The word it in Paragraph (2) refers to……………...
a) traces of oil
b) a microscope
c) the unknown substance
d) one of Alaska's laboratories

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Fourth Strategy: Conjunctions

‫تﺄتي الروابط بطريقتين‬

:‫الطريقة األولى‬
:‫شكل السؤال‬

Which word can we use to replace the word……in paragraph ……?

‫بيسﺄل عن معنى الرابط ويمكن حفظ هذا الجدول للتسهيل‬

Word Meaning ‫المعنى‬

Because Since ‫ بسبب‬- ‫ألن‬
Due to Because of ‫ألن‬
While Although ‫رغم أن‬
For example, For instance, ‫على سبيل المثال‬
as well too ‫باإلﺿافة الى‬
Then after that ‫بعد ذلك‬

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Passage 1

(1) Prince Henry led the way in sponsoring exploration for Portugal, a small nation
next to Spain. First, Prince Henry's navigators discovered and claimed the
Madeira and Azores islands to the west and southwest of Portugal. By 1415,
Portugal had expanded into Muslim North Africa, seizing the port of Ceuta on the
North African coast.

(2) Prince Henry saw great promise in Africa. The Portuguese could convert
Africans-most of whom practiced tribal religions-to Christianity. He also believed
that in Africa he would find the sources of riches the Muslim traders controlled.

(3) Finally, Prince Henry hoped to find an easier way to reach Asia, which meant
going around Africa. The Portuguese felt that with their expert knowledge and
technology ,they could accomplish this feat. At Sagres, in southern Portugal,
Henry gathered scientists, cartographers, or mapmakers, and other experts.
They redesigned ships, prepared maps, and trained captains and crews for long
voyages. Henry's ships then slowly worked their way south to explore the
western coast of Africa.

(4) Henry died in 1460, but the Portuguese continued their quest. In 1488.
Bartholomeu Dias rounded the southern tip of Africa. Despite the turbulent seas
around it, the tip became known as the Cape of Good Hope because it opened the
way for a sea route to Asia.

Which word can we use to replace the word “because” in Paragraph (4)?
a) although
b) besides
c) since
d) so

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Passage 2(Personal Finance)

An annual survey in 2017 from the National Endowment for Financial Education
(NEFE)found Americans cited the most significant financial setbacks they
experienced in 2016as transportation issues (23 percent), housing repairs/
maintenance (20 percent),and medical care for an injury/ illness (18 percent). If
faced with a major unexpected expense, over one third say they would pay for it
with credit cards or emergency savings–both at 35 percent–followed by cash at
32 percent.

(2) The survey also found that nearly half (48 percent) of Americans admit that
they are living paycheck to paycheck. The main reasons people believe they are
living paycheck to paycheck are due to credit card debt (24 percent). employment
struggles (22 percent). and mortgage/ rent payments (18 percent). Compounding
the uneasiness, over three quarters (78 percent) say something causes them
financial stress. Saving money (53 percent) tops the list, followed by managing
debt (44 percent).

(3) «Get debt under control», says Paul Golden (a spokesman for NEFE). «Take a
hard look at what you Owe. If there's a clear warning sign of too much debt. take
action. Set a goal to reduce your debt load next year by 5 to 10 percent. That might
mean reducing impulse shopping. Six in 10 people admit they purchase on impulse and
80 percent of those regret purchases afterwards. When you face temptation,
walk away for at least30 minutes and see if you still want it and it's a good idea».

Which expression can we use to replace the expression “due to” in Paragraph (2)?
a) however
b) although
c) meanwhile
d) because of

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Passage 3
(1) Since 1876, when Henry Heinz first started selling ketchup in glass bottles,
people have been arguing over the best way to get the condiment out of the
packaging and onto their plates. A physicist decided to apply a little science to the
matter and now has found what he calls a scientifically optimized method for
getting the ketchup to flow.
(2) While it may look like a liquid, ketchup is actually a non-Newtonian fluid. Instead
off lowing consistently the viscosity of these substances change with the amount
of force put on them.
(3) Because of the physics that govern ketchup's viscosity, packaging them in
glass bottles makes it much harder to hit that pressure sweet spot. But if you' re
dedicated on sticking to the classics and not switching to squeeze bottles,
Stickland has developed a method based on physics for coaxing ketchup out of the
bottle, Daisy Meager reports for Munchies.
(4) You have to start by giving the sauce a good shake," Stickland says in a
statement.
(5) The next step is to flip the bottle upside-down (with the lid still on). Then, shake
the bottle until the ketchup has slid into its neck. Lastly, turn the bottle so that
it's pointing towards your meal at a 45-degree angle and uncap. If needed,
Stickland says to give the ketchup a little "encouragement" by tapping on the
bottom of the bottle-gently at first, but with increasing force until it finally slides
out and onto the plate. "The trick is to get the sauce flowing, but not too fast."
Which word can we use to replace the word While in Paragraph (2)?
a) because
b) although
c) however
d) besides

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Passage 4(Air Pollution)

(1) Air Pollution Air pollution describes the chemicals and gasses that enter and
cause harm to people, animals, and their environment. Two of the worst types of
pollution we experience in the world are outdoor air quality in cities and indoor air
Pollution. To solve the problem of air Pollution. It is necessary to understand the
causes and look for ways to fix them.

(2) Human activities have been the main causes of air Pollution, especially in modern
cities. To support a larger population, there is always a need for energy.
Transportation, and industries, which result in the spread of harmful chemicals
into the air. In addition to outdoor air pollution, there is another type of pollution.
The air quality around and inside buildings and structures is known as indoor air
quality. Indoor air quality has a direct effect on the comfort and health of the
people inside a building. Some of the common sources of indoor air pollution include
chemicals and cleaning products used in homes and offices.

(3) There are some simple things people can do to help keep the air around them
cleaner. For example, people can use less energy because the more we use sources
of energy, like electricity and gasoline, the more air Pollution we create. People can
ride a bicycle or walk.

Which word can we use to replace the words "for example" in Paragraph (3)?
a) Therefore
b) Although
c) In particular
d) For instance

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Passage 5 Space Junk

1) Many people know that garbage is a big problem on Earth. What many people
don't know is that trash has become a problem in space too. Years of space travel
have left tones of space junk" in orbit around the planet.
2) There are more than 22,000 pieces of junk in space around the earth. And these
are just the items that we can see from earth. There are also millions of smaller
pieces of junk that we can't see
3) To help reduce more space junk, countries around the world have agreed to limit
the time their tools stay in space to 25 years. Each tool must be built to fall safely
into the earth's atmosphere, or the gases that surround the earth. After that, in
the upper parts of the atmosphere, it will burn up.
4) Scientists are suggesting different ways to clean up space junk. In England a
metal object is being tested that can be sent into space and then pull the space
junk back into the earth's atmosphere where it would burn up. The Germans have
been planning a space mission with robots that would collect pieces of space trash
and bring them back to Earth so that they can be safely destroyed.
5) “In our opinion the problem is very challenging, and it’s quite urgent as well,” said
Marco Castronuovo, an Italian Space Agency researcher who is working to solve
the problem.

Which word can we use to replace the words “as well” in paragraph (5)?
a) therefore
b) though
c) still
d) too

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passage 6 Computer Ethics

2) Use of the internet has led to an increase in plagiarism - this is when a person
takes another person's idea/work and claims it as their own. While it is perfectly
fine to quote another person's idea, it is essential that some acknowledgement is
made so that the originator of the idea is known to others. This can be done by a
series of references at the end of a document or footnotes on each page where
a reference needs to be made. Software exists that can scan text and then look
for examples of plagiarism by searching web pages on the internet.

Which word can we use to replace the word then at the end of Paragraph (2)?
a) even though
b) in addition
c) in contrast
d) after that

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‫الطريقة التانية‬
:‫شكل السؤال‬

‫عند السؤال عن لماذا استخدم الكاتب هذه الكلمة‬

Why does the writer use the word……… in paragraph……?

‫الرابط‬ ‫لماذا استخدمة الكاتب‬

also, in addition, moreover to give more information/ to show another …..

To show contrast / opposite ‫ تضاد‬/ ‫تناقض‬

while-however–but– ‫غالبا االجابة الصحيحة تﺄتي بعدهم‬
although –yet ‫لذلك يجب قراءة الجملة التي بعدها‬

for example, for instance to give an example

because to show the reason

to show the result

so ‫وداﺋم ًا االجابة تكون بعدها لذلك يجب قراءة الجملة‬
‫التي بعدها جيد ًا‬

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Passage 1 (Personal Finance)

(1) An annual survey in 2017 from the National Endowment for Financial Education
(NEFE)found Americans cited the most significant financial setbacks they
experienced in 2016as transportation issues (23 percent), housing
repairs/maintenance (20 percent), and medical care for injury illness (18 percent).
If faced with a major unexpected expense, over one third say they would pay for
it with credit cards or emergency savings both at 35 percent-followed by cash at
32 percent.

(2) The survey also found that nearly half (48 percent) of Americans admit that
they are living paycheck to paycheck. The main reasons people believe they are
living pay check to paycheck are due to credit card debt (24 percent), employment
struggles (22percent), and mortgage/rent payments (18 percent). Compounding
the uneasiness, over three quarters (78 percent) say something causes them
financial stress. Saving money (53 percent) tops the list, followed by managing
debt (44 percent). (3) "Get debt under control" says Paul Golden (a spokesman for
NEFE). "Take a hard look at what you owe. If there's a clear warning sign of too
much debt. take action. Set a goal to reduce your debt load next year by 5 to 10
percent. That might mean reducing impulse shopping .Six in 10 people admit they
purchase on impulse and 80 percent of those regret purchases afterwards. When
you face temptation, walk away for at least 30 minutes and see if you still want it
and it's a good idea".

Why does the writer use the word also in Paragraph (2)?
a) to give an example of the survey results
b) to show a list of answers reported in the survey
c) to give more information about the survey results
d) to show different results from those reported before

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Passage 2(Air Pollution)

(1) Air Pollution Air pollution describes the chemicals and gasses that enter and
cause harm to people, animals, and their environment. Two of the worst types of
pollution we experience in the world are outdoor air quality in cities and indoor air
Pollution. To solve the problem of air Pollution. It is necessary to understand the
causes and look for ways to fix them.

(2) Human activities have been the main causes of air Pollution, especially in modern
cities. To support a larger population, there is always a need for energy.
Transportation, and industries, which result in the spread of harmful chemicals
into the air. In addition to outdoor air pollution, there is another type of pollution.
The air quality around and inside buildings and structures is known as indoor air
quality. Indoor air quality has a direct effect on the comfort and health of the
people inside a building. Some of the common sources of indoor air pollution include
chemicals and cleaning products used in homes and offices.

(3) There are some simple things people can do to help keep the air around them
cleaner. For example, people can use less energy because the more we use sources
of energy, like electricity and gasoline, the more air Pollution we create. People can
ride a bicycle or walk.

Why does the writer use the words "In addition" in Paragraph (2)?
a) to give more information about air pollution.
b) to give an example of air pollution.
c) to explain the result of air pollution.
d) to explain the cause of air pollution.

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Passage 3 Sickle Cell Anemia

1) Sickle cell anemia is a disease that damages red blood cells. The cells, which are
normally round, become shaped like a sickle. A sickle is a crescent-shaped tool, used
to harvest crops. The sickle-shaped cells are fragile and die quickly. Sickle cell
anemia affects about 1 out of 12 people with African ancestry. It also affects
people with South Asian, Middle Easter, or Mediterranean roots.

2) Like other types of anemia, sickle cell anemia causes tiredness, weakness, and
shortness of breath. It also may lead to jaundice, which is a yellowing of the skin
and eyes. The pain may occur in the arms, legs, stomach, or chest. A pain crisis can
last from several hours to several days. People with sickle cell anemia also are more
likely to get infections. In addition, children with the disease may grow more slowly
than other children.

3) Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease, which means that it is handed down from
parent to child. For a child to have sickle cell anemia, both parents must carry the
responsible gene. If only one parent has the gene, the child does not get the
disease. However, the child may pass the gene on to his or her children.

4) There is no way to prevent sickle cell anemia. But I think a healthy lifestyle and
medications can help patients to manage the symptoms.

34) Why does the writer use the words “in addition” in paragraph 2)?
a) To show another result of the disease
b) To explain what happens to children
c) To explain what happens after an infection
d) To show children are different than their parents.

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Passage 4 Changes in Agriculture

1) Between 1950 and 1970, a world-wide effort to combat hunger and malnutrition
led to dramatic improvements in farming techniques and crop yields. This effort
came to be called the green revolution because it greatly increased the world's
food supply. Green revolution technologies enabled many countries to end chronic
food shortages and, in some cases, become exporters of surplus food.
2) At the heart of the green revolution was the use of high-yield varieties of seed
and fertilizer. For thousands of years, farmers have added essential nutrients in
the form of natural fertilizers such as animal manure. While some farmers today
still use these traditional methods, many farmers use artificial fertilizers.

Why does the writer use the word while in Paragraph (2)?
a) to give more information about nutrients.
b) to give an example of the green revolution
c) to show that natural fertilizers are better.
d) to show that artificial fertilizers are more popular

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Passage 5
(1) During the French Revolutionary Wars, the French army had a problem. A big.
potentially deadly problem. It was so big that on this day in 1795, they offered
12.000francs to anyone who could successfully solve it.
(2) That problem–how to store food safely–was one shared by most of the rest of
humanity, which probably explains why its solution has been so popular and lasting:
canning. When left out, food, as we all know, goes bad.
(3) Although food could be dried, smoked, fermented or pickled before the
invention of canning, none of these methods were certain to be safe and they
didn't preserve flavor. Then came Nicolas Appert, a candy maker and winner of the
prize money and the title «The Father of Canning».
(4) Canning works by placing food in jars or cans and heating the whole set-up to
a temperature that kills bacteria and other microorganisms. As the jars/ cans cool,
a vacuum seal is formed which prevents other microorganisms from getting in.
(5) Here's the thing, though: Appert could never explain why his method worked.
Appert's work was centered around the idea of removing air from food. Appert's
method started with putting food in jars, which were then corked, and sealed off
with a wax seal. The jars were wrapped in canvas and then boiled.
(6) After years of experimentation, Appert decided, correctly, that the two most
important factors in canning were «the absolute deprivation from contact with
the exterior air» and «application of the heat in the water bath».
Why does the writer use the word although in Paragraph (3)?
a) To show an example of how food was kept safe.
b) To give more information about Nicolas Appert's work.
c) To prove that flavor was important in keeping food safe.
d) To show that these methods of keeping food safe had some issues

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Passage 6 (Irish Potato Famine)

(1) Under British rule, three quarters of Irish farmland was used to grow crops that
were exported. The potato was the main source of food for most of the Irish people.
In 1845, disaster struck. A blight or disease destroyed the potato crop. Other crops,
such as wheat and oats, were not affected. Yet British landowners continued to ship
these crops outside Ireland, leaving little for the Irish except the blighted potatoes.
The result was a terrible famine that the Irish called the 'Great Hunger'. In four years,
about one million Irish men, women and children died of starvation or disease. Many
more emigrated to the United States and Canada. The Great Hunger left a legacy of
Irish bitterness toward the English.
(2) In the 1850s, some Irish militants organized the Fenian Brotherhood. Its goal was to
liberate Ireland from British rule by force. In the 1870s, moderate Irish nationalists
found a rousing leader in Charles Parnell. He rallied Irish members of Parliament to
press for home rule, or local self-government. The debate dragged on for ages.
(3) The 'Irish question' disrupted English Politics. At times, political parties were so
deeply split over the Irish question that they could not take care of other business.
As prime minister, Gladstone pushed for reforms in Ireland, he ended the use of Irish
tax money to support the British and tried to ease the hardship of Irish tenant
farmers. New laws prevented landlords from charging unfair rents and protected the
rights of tenants to the land they worked.
(4) Finally, in 1914. Parliament passed a home rule law. But it delayed putting the new
law into effect when World War 1 broke out that year. The southern counties of
Ireland finally became independent in 1921.
Why does the writer use the word Yet in Paragraph (1)?
a) To prove that the Irish only liked to eat potatoes most of the time
b) To give more information about which crops were sent to Canada
c) To show that crops, like wheat and oats, were also affected by disease
d) To show that British landowners sold good crops while people were hungry

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‫‪Fifth Strategy‬‬
‫‪Information & details‬‬

‫استخراج المعلومات والتفاصيل من القطعة مبنيه على مرحلتين‬

‫(مرحلة المعلومات المباشرة – مرحلة المعلومات غير المباشرة)‬

‫• المعلومات المباشرة أول خطوة فيها هي فهم السؤال (يقصد بها فهم الكلمات‬
‫االستفهامية)‬

‫‪WHAT‬‬ ‫ما – ماذا‬ ‫‪When‬‬ ‫متى‬

‫‪Where‬‬ ‫أين‬ ‫‪Who‬‬ ‫من‬
‫‪Which‬‬ ‫أي‬ ‫‪Why‬‬ ‫لماذا‬
‫‪How Much‬‬ ‫كم التكلفة‬ ‫‪How Many‬‬ ‫كم العدد‬
‫‪How Long‬‬ ‫كم المدة‬ ‫‪How Old‬‬ ‫كم العمر‬

‫• الخطوة الثانية هي تحديد المعلومة المطلوبة من رأس السؤال‪.‬‬

‫رأس السؤال عبارة عن جﺰﺋين (جﺰء كلمة استفهامية – المعلومة المطلوبة)‬

‫‪ o‬المهارة المطلوبة في النوع ده من االسئلة هي مهارة بسيطة جدا (لما تشوف‬

‫المعلومة المطلوبة تروح للقطعة تعمل عملية مسح ومطابقة)‬
‫‪ -‬المسح هو تحديد مكان المعلومة في القطعة او البرقراف لو حدده‬
‫‪ -‬المطابقة هي مطابقة ما بين المعلومة اللي في رأس السؤال وما بين المعلومة اللي‬
‫في القطعة‪.‬‬

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Passage 1

1) Air pollution is a major problem all over the world today. Scientific research now shows
us that indoor air pollution may be a much greater danger than outdoor pollution. In one
2009 study, researchers found 586 chemicals in the air of 52 typical homes in Arizona,
USA. This led them to conclude that indoor air quality can be five times worse than
outdoor air. Offices, factories and other places of work can be just as polluted as homes,
maybe more so. In today's society most people spend up to 90% of their time indoors. We
seal our buildings tightly to reduce energy costs. Equipment and buildings themselves,
give off an increasing amount of synthetic man-made) chemicals and gases. There is
inadequate ventilation and no access to fresh air, all these harmful elements are kept
inside. This condition is known as "sick building syndrome" furnishings in buildings, and the
When condition is known as "sick building” syndrome.
2) The sources of indoor air pollution can be easily pollen, identified. Air pollutants fall into
three main categories: biological particles mold, bacteria, viruses, pollen, etc.). non-
biological particles smoke, dust, heavy metals, radioactive isotopes, etc.), and gases
carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, radon, etc.). In homes, there are four major sources of
these pollutants: pressed wood products, carpets, paints, and furniture. Addition, the
indoor air space of offices is full of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by
photocopiers, computers and other equipment. Dangerous pollutants can also be found
in air-conditioned rooms in summer and rooms heated by coal or wood fires in winter. The
kitchen is another place where the air may contain harmful gases from cooking stoves
and non-stick Teflon) cooking pans.
3) Poor indoor air quality can cause a number of health problems. These include asthma,
allergies, headaches, memory loss and fatigue tiredness). Eye and irritations can also
result from bad indoor air. People who spend a lot of time indoors away from fresh air skin
may suffer more from sore throats, colds and flu as well. The more serious long-term
effects of breathing toxic airborne particles include heart and respiratory diseases in
addition to different kinds of cancer.
4) There are a number of ways to improve our indoor air very simple and make our
buildings healthier. One very simple solution is to get some houseplants. In India, people are

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already using plants to take the place of air filters. One business center in New Delhi has
successfully used this method for fifteen years. For a building with 30 people, they used
over 1,200 plants to clean the air. There are other things we can do in our homes. Open a
few windows every day for five or ten minutes to change the air and do not allow smoking
inside. Do not use non-stick cookware. Do not use synthetic materials for carpets and
buy real wood furniture. Use natural materials such as cotton and wool for curtains and
bedding. Do not use toxic cleaning materials or paints in your home. Finally, be sure to
keep heating stoves and air conditioners in good repair and clean them often.
1. According to Paragraph 1), in the 2009 study, how many chemicals did the researchers
find in the indoor air?
a) 25
b) 90
c) 300
d) 586
2. According to Paragraph 2), which of the following are sources of VOCs?
a) cooking stoves and Teflon pans
b) photocopiers and computers
c) radon and formaldehyde
d) paints and furniture
3. According to Paragraph 4), where are plants being used successfully to keep the air
healthy?
a) in a research center in the USA
b) in a business center in India
c) in offices in America
d) in typical homes in Arizona

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Passage 2 (Growth of Public Education)

1) By the early 1800s, reformers persuaded many governments to set up public schools
and require basic education for all children. Teaching «the three Rs» – reading, writing
and arithmetic – was thought to produce better citizens. In addition, industrialized
societies recognized the need for a literate workforce. Schools’ taught punctuality,
obedience to authority. disciplined work habits, and patriotism. In European schools.
children also received basic religious education.
Public Education Improves
2) At first, elementary schools were primitive. Many teachers had little schooling
themselves. In rural areas, students attended schools only during the times when they
were not needed on the farm or in their parents' shops.
3) By the late 1880s, more and more children were in school, and the quality of elementary
education improved. Teachers received training at Normal here the latest 'norms and
standards' of educational practices were taught. Beginning in 1879, schools to train
teachers were established in France. In England, schooling girls and boys between the
ages of five and ten became compulsory after 1881. Also, governments began to expand
secondary schools, known as high schools in the United States. In secondary school,
students learned the classical languages Latin and Greek, along with history and
mathematics.
4) In general, only middle-class families could afford to have their sons attend these
schools, which trained students for more serious study or for government jobs. Middle-
class girls were sent to school primarily in the hope that they might marry well and
become better wives and mothers. Education for girls did not include subjects such as
science, mathematics. Or physical education because they were not seen as necessary
subjects for girls to learn higher education expands.
5) Colleges and universities expanded in this period, too. Most university students were
the sons of middle-or upper-class families. The university curriculum emphasized ancient
history and languages, philosophy, religion and law. By the late 1800s, universities added
courses in the sciences, especially in chemistry and physics at the
same time, engineering schools trained students who would have the knowledge and skills
to build the new industrial society.
6) Some women sought greater educational opportunities. By the 1840s, a few small
colleges for women opened, including Bedford College in England and Mount Holyoke in the

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United States. In 1863, the British reformer Emily Davies campaigned for female students
to be allowed to take the entrance examinations for Cambridge University. She
succeeded, but as late as 1897, male Cambridge students rioted against granting degrees
to women.

4. In 1879, where did schools to train teachers start?

a) England
b) France
c) United States
d) Greece
5. Where is Mount Holyoke College for Women?
a) England
b) United States
c) France
d) Greece
6. What university course was added to the curriculum by the late 1800s?
a) chemistry
b) mathematics
c) religion
d) physical education

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passage 3 stars

1) If we look at the night sky carefully, we will see that the stars are of many different
colors. Some are red, others are yellow and some are blue. This is also shown when we take
color photographs of the night sky. You can take such a photograph with an ordinary
camera as long as it is kept steady. A thirty second exposure is sufficient.
2) Astronomers have been able to classify stars according to color. They have found that
blue stars are the largest and red stars the smallest. However, there are a few stars
which cannot be classified in this way. These are the superstars. For example, Ryiejol is a
blue superstar as big as 40.000 suns and Beetlejuice is a superstar with a size equal to
17.000 suns.
3) Suppose an astronomer observes two stars, one brighter than the other. If neither of
them is a superstar. he will know immediately that the brighter star is closer.
Astronomers have instruments like light meters which can measure the brightness of a
star quite accurately. It is possible to measure a star's distance from the earth if
astronomers know the color, brightness and whether or not it is a superstar.
Which of the following colors is NOT mentioned in the passage?
a) green
b) yellow
c) blue
d) red
According to Paragraph (2) Beetlejuice is a superstar …………
a) as big as the sun
b) smaller than the sun
c) as big as 17,000 suns
d) as big as 40.000 suns
According to Paragraph (2), astronomers classify stars according to the following
EXCEPT ………
a) size
b) color
c) shape
d) brightness

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passage 4 Strange Substance

1) A mysterious, orange, sticky gel, found on the beaches of Kivalina, a village situated on
the Alaskan coast between Kotzebue and Point Hope, was recently the source of much
interest. Many people thought that the sticky gel was some strange compound that had
spread as a result of a chemical reaction. Others had more farfetched ideas about the
substance's origins ranging from aliens to volcanic remains.

According to Paragraph (1), the strange, orange substance was found ……..
a) on the beaches of Kotzebue
b) on the beaches of Point Hope
c) close to a compound in Alaska
d) between Kotzebue and Point Hope

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Sixth Strategy

)‫ الغير مباشر (االحتياج للمعنى هنا بيزيد‬o

‫الغير مباشر معناها ان المعلومة المطلوبة ليست‬ -
‫موجودة في القطعة بشكلها المنصوص عليه في رأس‬
‫السؤال‬
‫ الخطوة األولى هي عملية فهم وتحليل لمعلومات ُذكرت في‬o
‫القطعة من أجل استخراج معلومة مبنيه على هذه‬

Passage 1

1) The man received extensive therapy after the operation. He was able to move
the thumb and fingers of his left hand eight months after surgery. After ten more
months, the patient could move the fingers of his right hand and begin to feed
himself and even write to some extent considering the severity of his injury and
the fact that 22months had passed between his accident and the surgery, these
results are remarkable.

1. How long after his operation did it take for the man to be able to use his hands
to eat by himself?
a) 8 months
b) 10 months
c) 18 months
d) 22 months

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Passage 2

Vitamins are organic compounds that the body needs in small amounts to
function properly. Humans need 13 different vitamins, which have many roles in
the body. For example, Vitamin A helps maintain good vision. Vitamin B helps form
red blood cells. Vitamin K is needed for blood to clot when you have a cut or other
wound.

2. Why is vitamin K needed in the body?

a) to help muscles work normally
b) to help cuts stop bleeding
c) to make red blood cells
d) to improve the health of the skin

Passage 3

The Saudi Food and Drug Authority SFDA) was established under the Council of
Ministers in 2004, as an independent body corporate that directly reports to The
President of Council of Ministers. The Authority's objective is to regulate,
oversee, and control food, drugs, medical devices, as well as to set their
mandatory standard specifications, whether they are imported or locally
manufactured.

3 You can understand from the passage that the SFDA deals with goods that
5.
are……
a) controlled
b) foreign only
c) Saudi and foreign
d) manufactured only

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Passage 4

(1) Muhammad Ali is a famous heavyweight boxer. He was born as Cassius Clay in
Louisville, Kentucky, in the USA in 1942.
(2) He had a very successful professional boxing career. In fact, he won the world
heavyweight championship three times. The first time was when he beat the
former champion, Sonny Liston, in 1964. In the same year, he became a Muslim and
assumed the name Muhammad Ali.
(3) Ten years later, in 1974, he became world champion again when he beat George
Foreman in Zaire. He became champion for the third time in 1978 after beating Leon
Spinks. Ali fought his last professional fight in 1981 against Trevor Berbick and then
retired from boxing.

4. How old was Muhammed Ali when he became Muslim?

a) 34
b) 36
c) 22
d) 1960
5. How old was Ali when he became champion for the third time?
a) 34
b) 36
c) 22
d) 62

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Passage 5

No matter whether you're travelling for work or pleasure, wouldn’t you value the
option to tailor your journey in accordance with your personal preferences and
requirements? That’s exact why we developed our Red Services: a range of highly
practical extra services that you can book along with your flight, as and when
you need them.

6. Which method of travel does the passage talk about?

a) road
b) rail
c) sea
d) air

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‫‪Seventh Strategy‬‬

‫?‪Which one of the following is an opinion‬‬

‫يعبر عن رأي؟‬
‫ّ‬ ‫ما هو االختيار الذي‬

‫‪ o‬نقوم بعمل مسح سريع للقطعة ونبحث عن واحدة من هذه الكلمات‪:‬‬

‫)‪(say – hard to say – believe – suggest – argue – point out – think – expect‬‬

‫‪ o‬ثم نربط بين الرأي الموجود في القطعة واالختيارات‪.‬‬

‫‪ o‬وفي حالة وجود أكثر من كلمة من هذه الكلمات في القطعة‪ ،‬نحدد أي رأي موجود‬
‫منهم في االختيارات ثم نختاره‪.‬‬

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Passage 1 (meat production)

What are the economics of meat?

1) Food and farming is one of the biggest economic sectors in the world. We are
no longer in the 14th century, when as much as 76% of the population worked in
agriculture but farming still employs more than 26% of all workers globally. And
that does not include the people who work along the meat supply chain: the
slaughterers, packagers, retailers and chefs.
2) Recently, the world's meat production was estimated at 317 metric tons, and
that is expected to continue to grow. Figures for the value of the global meat
industry vary wildly from $90bn to as much as $741bn, but it is in fact, closer to
the upper end.
3) Although the number of people directly employed by farming is currently less
than 2% in the UK, the food chain now includes the agribusiness companies, the
retailers, and the entertainment sector. According to the UK Department for
Environment, in 2014 the food and drink manufacturing sector contributed
£27bn to the economy, and employed 3.8 million people. What about its cultural
and social importance?
4) Is meat still crucial to human life? Some nutritionists argue that, just because
we've always eaten meat, that doesn't mean we always have to. If we can get
all the dietary nutrients and protein that we need elsewhere, should we?

Which of the following is an opinion?

a) Meat production will continue to grow.
b) Few people work farming in the UK.
c) The meat industry is worth closer to $174 million.
d) In the UK, 3,8 million are employed and 27 billion is made by the food industry.

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Passage 2 (The Spanish Flu)

1) From 1918 to 1920 the virus known as the Spanish Flu infected 500 million people
worldwide, killing 50 to 100 million of them. The only continent it did not reach
was Antarctica; deaths were registered from northern Alaska to the islands of
Samoa. The virus began in conditions that were perfect to help it spread across
the globe, turning the battlefields of World War I into huge centers of infection.
Though the flu had long been a familiar disease, the subtype (special type) of
1918 took scientists by surprise. They were shocked as much by the speed of its
spread as by the number of people it killed. Though some experts believe the
virus's origins were in Europe, the theory most accepted today suggests that
it began in the United States, and later travelled on an army ship to the
battlefields of France. From there, an army of disease germs, like enemy
soldiers in a secret war ‘Ashgan’, spread out through the air and infected a
third of the world's population, killing between 2.5% and 5% of everyone on earth.
In the future, suggests the World Health Organization, there will be more and
perhaps more deadly flu pandemics (worldwide diseases), threatening global
health and security and putting the future of human society at risk. The virus
won't need a great war to help it cover the earth; it will be enough for one
carrier to get on an airplane and, in less than 20 hours, cover the distance
between Tokyo and New York, or between Sydney and Doha.

Which of the following statements about the Spanish Flu is an opinion?

a) It began in the United States.
b) It killed at least 50 million people.
c) There were no infections in Antarctica.
d) Now it could spread across the world in one day.

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Passage 3 (The US response to the End of the Cold War)

1) When Mikhail Gorbachev became the leader of the Soviet Union (USSR) in 1985, no
one predicted that the end of Cold War was only six years away
2) It all began in Poland in June 1989. A non-communist party did well in the general
election and people were celebrating in the streets. Everyone expected
Gorbachev to send the army in, but he did nothing at all. European communist
governments under the Soviet influence started to fall one by one. In autumn
1989, East Germans were knocking down the Berlin Wall. Then communist
governments fell in Hungary, Czechoslovakia and in Romania the people put the
president in prison.
3) Demands for freedom soon spread to the Soviet Union and Estonia, Latvia, and
Lithuania announced their freedom from Soviet control. In December 1991. Russia
itself followed these three and declared independence. The USSR was finished.
Gorbachev was a president without a country.
4) Americans were shocked but pleased at these changes. Republicans were quick to
argue that it was their actions that won the Cold War. They believed their spending
policies during the 1980s and 1990s forced the Soviets to spend too much money on
expensive equipment and weapons for its army. However, Professor Parker of
Harvard University argues that it was a joint effort, started 25 years earlier by
the Democrats when Harry Truman was president.
5) Other history professors pointed out that no one really won the Cold War. The
United States spent enormous amounts of money building up their army for a war
with the Soviet Union. This war never came. However, thousands of American lives
were lost in unnecessary wars in Korea and Vietnam.
Which one of the following is an opinion?
a) The world remains a dangerous place.
b) USA spent a lot of money on weapons.
c) Many Americans died in Vietnam.
d) Nobody won the Cold War

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Passage 4 Hyperinflation

1) Because Germany had no goods to trade after its defeat in WW1, the Weimar
government simply printed money. For Weimar government leaders this seemed
an attractive solution. It paid off its debts in the failing German currency, the
mark, including war loans of over €2200 million. The great industrialists were able
to pay of all their debts as well.
2) This set off a chain reaction. With so much money in circulation prices and wages
rocketed, but people soon realized that this money was useless. Workers needed
trolleys to carry home their pay. Wages began to be paid daily instead of weakly.
The price of goods could rise between joining the back of a queue in a shop and
reaching the front!
3) While you might think that the poor suffered most, some historians argue that
the greatest casualties were middle-class Germans - those with saving A
prosperous middle-class family would find that their savings in the bank, which
might have bought them a house in 1921. by 1923 would not even buy a loaf of
bread. Pensioners found that their previously adequate monthly pension would
not even buy a cup of coffee.
4) It was clear to all, both inside and outside Germany, that the situation needed
urgent action. In August 1923 a new government under Gustav Stresemann took
over He called off the passive resistance in the Ruhr. He called in the useless
marks and burned them, replacing them with a new Currency - the American-
backed Retenmark. He negotiated to reduce Germany's debt and receive
American loans under the Dawes Plan In addition, Germany repaired relations with
its neighbors and reopened tune with renewed trade and the flow of American
dollars, life improved. The economic crisis was shed very quickly. Some historians

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suggest that this is evidence that many problems were not as severe as its
politicians had made out.
5) It is also increasingly clear, however, that the hibernation had done great
political damage to the Weimar government. Their right-wing opponents had yet
another problem to blame them for the movement had lost the part of the
middle classes.

Which of the following is an opinion?

a) From 1921-1923 the German middle class DID NOT buy houses.
b) Workers needed trolleys to carry home their wages
c) A new government took power in 1923
d) Germany's problems were NOT as severe as its politicians had said

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Passage 5 (emotions)

1) What comes to mind when you think of emotions? It's probably happiness,
sadness, or fear. Emotions such as happiness, anger, sadness, and fear are
important emotions, but human emotional experience is vast which means that
people are capable of experiencing a wide variety of feelings.
2) Let's consider what emotions do and when emotions happen. According to
functionalist theories of emotion, emotions help people manage important
tasks. Fear, for example, prepares the body to fight or flee; happiness rewards
achieving goals and builds attachments to other people, but what causes
emotions to happen in the first place? Although it usually feels like something in
the world causes an emotion, such as a good hug, emotion theories argue that
emotions most likely come from how we think about what is happening in the
world, not what is really happening. After all, if things in the world directly
caused emotions, everyone would always have the same emotion in response to
something. Interest, for example, may motivate a person to learn something
new, whereas it may not create a response in someone else.
3) For instance, appraisal theories propose that each emotion is caused by a group
of appraisals, which are evaluations and judgments of what events in the world
mean for our goals and well-being. We ask ourselves, is this relevant to me? Does
it further or obstruct my goals? Can I deal with it or do something about it? Did
someone do it on purpose? Different emotions come from different answers to
these appraisal questions.
4) In general, emotions play important roles in everyday challenges such as
responding to threats and building relationships. But emotions also help in other,
more intellectual challenges for humans. Compared with other animals, we are

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born with little knowledge but have the potential for enormous intelligence.
Emotions such as surprise, interest, and confusion first signal that something
out of the ordinary has happened that deserves our attention. They then
motivate us to engage with the new things that strain our understanding of
the world and how it works. Emotions surely help us to fight or flee, but I believe
that more importantly, they aid in learning, exploring, and reflecting.

Which of the following is the writer's opinion?

a) People experience many emotions.
b) People know very little at birth.
c) Happiness and sadness are emotions.
d) Emotions help us learn, explore, and reflect.

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‫‪Eighth Strategy‬‬

‫‪Title, main idea, and topic‬‬

‫‪ o‬العنوان أو الموﺿوع أو الفكرة الرﺋيسية لها أسئلة يسهل تمييﺰها‪:‬‬

‫?‪What is the best title of the passage‬‬
‫?‪What is the main idea of the passage‬‬
‫?‪What is the topic of the passage‬‬

‫‪ o‬لما السؤال يطلب مني العنوان أو الموﺿوع أو الفكرة الرﺋيسية ف هو بطلب فهم عام‬
‫للقطعة‪ .‬إذا اي اقتباس مباشر (تفصيله) نستبعدها‪.‬‬
‫‪ o‬الفهم العام‪ :‬عنوان القطعة هو الفكرة المسيطرة على القطعة من البداية حتى النهاية‬
‫(الشاملة)‬
‫‪ o‬يفضل أن يكون السؤال هو اخر سؤال يتم االجابة عليه في القطعة بحيث تكون أخدت‬
‫فكرة عن محتوى القطعه خالل اجابتك على األسئلة السابقة ويفضل البعد عن االقتباس‬
‫النصي‪.‬‬

‫‪ o‬كلمة ‪ history‬تﺄتي مع القطع اللي بتتكلم عن تسلسل زمني الختراع او اكتشاف‬

‫(تاريخ أو تطور الشيء ده) ولو موجودة كلمة ‪history‬في الخيارات بنختارها‪.‬‬
‫‪ o‬قد تكون حكمه عامه أو درس مستفاد‪.‬‬
‫وهي القراءة السريعة بهدف البحث عن معلومة محددة ‪✓ Scanning:‬‬
‫سؤال؟ (‪✓ What is the main idea in paragraph )..‬‬

‫هنا يطلب الفكرة الرﺋيسية لبراقراف معين‬

‫?)‪✓ Which sentence gives the main idea of paragraph) ...‬‬

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Passage 1
1) The traveler Marco Polo retuned from his famous expedition to the Far East with
fruit-flavored ices. We know from Marco Polo that Asians had been making fruit-flavored
ices for thousands of years, long before he reached this part of the world. These
delicacies became popular in France in the 1500s, but only among royalty. Over the next
few centuries, the process of making them evolved and eventually cream was introduced
as an ingredient. By the 1700s, people were enjoying a dessert that was very similar to
today's ice cream. It became a treat that could be enjoyed by almost anyone, not just
the rich.
2) The first wholesale manufacture of ice cream was in 1851 in Baltimore, Maryland by
Jacob Fussel. He had a dairy business that had excess cream which he decided to add to
his ice cream. Soon after that, his ice cream outsold all of his other dairy products.
3) The making of ice cream slowly evolved for the next few decades. Manufacturing
methods and ingredients improved and refrigeration technology became cheaper and
more efficient. By the 1920s, home refrigerators and freezers became more common. This
gave the ice cream industry another boost. A problem developed during World War I in the
U.S., when most sugar was shipped to Europe and people were therefore only allowed to
buy limited amounts of it convinced the government that ice cream was an "essential
food". Ice cream factories were given sugar and production continued.
4) Sales increased in the years leading up to World War II before leveling off in the post-
war years. The rise of giant supermarkets created a demand for cheaper, 1960s saw a
resurgence in "premium" ice cream, while the following decades saw the market fragment
into low-fat varieties for the health-conscious. Including frozen yogurt, fruit bars. ice
milk, fat-free ice cream, and mass-produced ice cream, but quality suffered. Many
researchers stated that 60% of frozen desserts are ice cream.
1. What is the best title for this passage?
a) Varieties of Ice Cream
b) The History of Ice Cream
c) The Demand for Ice Cream
d) Ice Cream During the Wars

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Passage 2 (Meetings)
Meetings can waste a great deal of time, but you can make your meeting run more
smoothly by following a few simple rules. First, have an agenda. This will help keep
you focused on what is important. Next, decide who needs to be involved. More
people mean less efficient discussion. Finally, keep the discussion moving. Thank
each speaker as he or she finishes and move on to the next speaker. This
encourages people to make their remarks brief. And don't forget: what happens
after a meeting is more important than what happens during a meeting. The skills
used then are more professional and less procedural. So, no matter how well you
run a meeting, it is the work that gets done after the meeting that is important.
2. The main idea of the passage is that meetings ………….
a) waste a lot of time
b) are NOT necessary
c) need to be held frequently
d) need to be planned and organized

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Passage 3

(1) If we look at the night sky carefully, we will see that the stars are of many
different colors. Some are red, others are yellow, and some are blue. This is also
shown when we take color photographs of the night sky. You can take such a
photograph with an ordinary camera as long as it is kept steady. A thirty second
exposure is sufficient.
(2) Astronomers have been able to classify stars according to color. They have
found that blue stars are the largest and red stars the smallest. However, there
are a few stars which cannot be classified in this way. These are the superstars.
For example, Ryiejol is a blue superstar as big as 40,000 suns and Beetle juice is a
superstar with a size equal to 17,000 suns.
(3) Suppose an astronomer observes two stars, one brighter than the other. If
neither of them is a superstar, he will know immediately that the brighter star is
closer. Astronomers have instruments like light meters which can measure the
brightness of a star quite accurately. It is possible to measure a star's distance
from the earth if astronomers know the color, brightness and whether or not it is
a superstar.
3. What is the main idea of the passage?
a) Astronomers have been able to measure how far the stars are from each other.
b) Astronomers have certain instruments to measure the color of the stars.
c) We can know the color of the stars by taking a photograph of the sky at night.
d) Stars can be categorized according to color and size.

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Passage 4 (The human cost of Stalin's 5-year plans)

1) In 1927. Stalin's main aim for his country, Russia, was to modernize its industry.
His 5-year plans set ambitious targets for important heavy industries such as coal,
iron, oil, and electricity.
2) However, there was a human cost to achieving the targets set in the 5-year
plans. This cost was paid by the workers. Many foreign experts and engineers were
called in by Stalin to help with work and in their letters and reports they were
amazed by at the toughness of the Russian people and how hard they worked. The
most famous worker was Alexei Stakhanov. In 1935, with two helpers, he managed
to cut 102 tons of coal in one day's work. This was fourteen times the average.
Stakhanov became a hero of the country, and the government newspapers and
radio encouraged all Russian workers to be like him.
3) Life was very difficult under Stalin. Workers had targets to meet and were
punished if they did not meet them. Factory discipline was strict, and punishments
were hard. Workers who were late or absent would lose their jobs and sometimes
their flat or house as well. On the great engineering projects, such as dams and
canals, worker conditions were very poor and there were many accidents and
deaths. It is estimated that 100,000 workers died in the construction of the
Belomor canal.
4. What is the main idea of the passage?
a) hard work in Russia's factories
b) Stalin's successful 5-year plan
c) Russia's development in 1927
d) life working under Stalin

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Passage 5
(1) Air pollution is a major problem all over the world today. Scientific research now
shows us that indoor air pollution may be a much greater danger than outdoor
pollution. In one 2009 study, researchers found 586 chemicals in the air of 52 typical
homes in Arizona, USA. This led them to conclude that indoor air quality can be five
times worse than outdoor air. Offices, factories and other places of work can be
just as polluted as homes, maybe more so. In today's society most people spend up
to 90% of their time indoors. We seal our buildings tightly to reduce energy costs.
Equipment and buildings themselves, give off an increasing amount of synthetic
man-made) chemicals and gases. there is inadequate ventilation and no access to
fresh air, all these harmful elements are kept inside. This condition is known as "sick
building syndrome" furnishings in buildings, and the When condition is known as "sick
building” syndrome.

6. What is the main idea of Paragraph (1)?

a) Air pollution is more dangerous outdoors than indoors.
b) Air pollution is less dangerous in the USA than in India.
c) Air pollution is more dangerous indoors than outdoors.
d) Air pollution is less dangerous in offices than in homes

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Passage 6
2) Quantitative observations are measurements, which by definition consist of
both a number and a unit. Examples of quantitative observations include the
following the melting point of crystalline sulfur is 115.21 degrees Celsius, and 35.9
grams of table salt whose chemical name is sodium chloride dissolve in 100 grams of
water at 20 degrees Celsius.
7. Which sentence gives the main idea of Paragraph 2)?
a) Quantitative observations are measurements, which by definition consist
of both a number and a unit.
b) Examples of quantitative observations include the following.
c) The melting point of crystalline sulfur is 115.21 degrees Celsius.
d) 35.9 grams of table salt-whose chemical name is sodium chloride dissolve in
100 grams of water at 20 degrees Celsius.

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Passage 7

1) At 1.05am on Sunday 13 August 1961, East German border guards and army combat
groups took up positions on the demarcation line at the Brandenburg Gate in
central Berlin. In a scene repeated along the border dividing the two halves of the
city, they ripped up the paving stones and strained barbed wire between concrete
posts. By early morning, only 12 of the 81 street crossing points were passable
(that was soon cut to seven). This was phase one of the Berlin Wall.
2)There is evidence that the building of the wall actually came as something of a
relief to the western powers; they had been expecting such a move and saw it, if
anything, as evidence that no imminent attempt was likely by the Soviet Union and
GDR to retake all Berlin; west Berlin, in other words, was safe.
5) The fall, when it came, was quick. There were large demonstrations in the GDR in
September 1989. In October, the country's lifelong leader, Erich Honecker, resigned.
On 9 November, the East German authorities lifted border controls to the west.
including for private journeys to west Berlin, from 17 November. Germany was
formally reunified just 11 months later.

8. Which sentence gives the main idea of Paragraph (5)?

a) The fall, when it came, was quick.
b) Germany was formally reunified just 11 months later.
c) There were large demonstrations in the GDR in September 1989.
d) In October, the country's lifelong leader, Erik Honecker, resigned.

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Nineth Strategy

The purpose of the passage?

‫الغرض من القطعة‬
why did the writer write the passage?

‫لماذا كتب الكاتب هذه القطعة؟‬

:‫ نبحث في االختيارات عن واحدة من هذه الكلمات‬o

(to inform – to give information – to describe – to give description – to explain)
to inform ‫ عند وجود أكثر من كلمة منهم في االختيارات نختار‬o

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Passage 1 (Hot deserts)

1) Hot deserts are found near the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. The largest hot
desert is the Sahara in Africa which covers the whole northern part of the
continent.
2) Hot deserts have an extreme climate and challenging environment. There is very
little plant or animal life because of the difficult climate. Few plant and animal
species are specialized enough to survive there. Plants and animals which do
survive have adapted to difficult conditions. The biotic (living) parts of the hot
desert and the abiotic (non-living) parts of the hot desert rely on one another - a
change in one will result in a change in the other.
3) The climate is very hot. Summer day-time temperatures can be more than 40°C.
However, at night the temperature can drop below 0°C. The climate is also very dry
with less than 250mm of rain a year. Hot deserts have two seasons: summer, when
the daytime temperature is between 35 and 40°C, and winter, when the
temperature is between 20 and 30°C.
4) Desert soils are thin with sand and rocks and are generally grey in color. They are
very dry. When it does rain, they soak up the water very quickly. The surface of
the soil may appear crusty. This is due to the lack of rain. In summer, it is so hot
that the water is brought up to the surface of the soil by evaporation. As the
water evaporates, salts are left behind on the surface.

What is the writer's main purpose?

a) to study geography
b) to convince
c) to inform
d) to entertain

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Passage 2 (Oceans)

1) The oceans make up 70 percent of the planet and contain 97 percent of all the
water on Earth. It also makes up the vast majority of water stores, the majority
of the planet's moisture, terrestrial energy, and heat from the sun. This energy
is transferred between the equator and the two poles by larger surface
currents, by winds and deep ocean currents driven by differences in ocean
density. It also provides the moisture and energy for storm systems and
ultimately global climates.
2) As terrestrial creatures, humans think of the importance of the planet's land
surfaces, yet Earth is a planet consisting of 70 percent water. From space, the
dominance of water is obvious because most of it is stored in Earth's oceans.
3) Earth would not be the same planet without its oceans. The oceans, along with
the atmosphere, keep Earth's surface temperatures fairly constant worldwide.
Some places on Earth reach as cold as -20 degrees Celsius, whereas other places
reach as hot as 55 degrees Celsius. Yet on other planets like Mercury,
temperatures range from -180 degrees Celsius to 430 degrees Celsius. 26.

What is the writer's main purpose?

a) to recommend
b) to complain
c) to advise
d) to inform

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Passage 3 (Agriculture in the Middle East)

1) From the 8th century, the medieval Islamic world underwent a transformation
in agricultural practice, described by the historian Andrew Watson as the Arab
agricultural revolution. This transformation was driven by a number of factors
including the diffusion of many crops and plants along Muslim trade routes, the
spread of more advanced farming techniques, and an agricultural-economic
system which promoted increased yields and efficiency. The shift in agricultural
practice changed the economy, population distribution, vegetation cover,
agricultural production, population levels, urban growth, the distribution of the
labor force, cooking, diet, and clothing across the Islamic world.
2) Muslim traders covered much of the Old World, and trade enabled the diffusion
of many crops, plants and farming techniques across the region, as well as the
adaptation of crops, plants and techniques from beyond the Islamic world. This
diffusion introduced major crops to Europe by way of Al-Andalus, along with the
techniques for their cultivation and cuisine. Sugar cane, rice, and cotton were
among the major crops transferred, along with citrus and other fruit trees, nut
trees, vegetables such as eggplant, and spinach and the use of spices such as
cumin, coriander and cinnamon, Intensive irrigation crop rotation and
agricultural manuals were widely adopted. Irrigation, partly based on Roman
technology, made use of water wheels, water mills, dams and reservoirs.

What is the writer's main purpose?

a) to convince
b) to inform
c) to explain
d) to study agriculture

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Passage 4 (Loss of Energy)

1) No system can be perfect in the way it operates. Whenever there is a change in

a system, energy is transferred and some of that energy is dissipated.
2) Dissipation is a term that is often used to describe ways in which energy is
wasted. Any energy that is not transferred to useful energy stores is said to
be wasted because it is lost to the Surroundings. Electrical cables Warming up
are a good example of this. It is not useful to have hot wires behind a television
as energy is dissipated to the surrounding air.
3) In a mechanical system, energy is dissipated when two surfaces rub together,
work is done against friction which camass heading of the two surface – so the
internal (thermal) energy of the surface increases adding Lubricant between
the surfaces reduce this friction and so less heat is wasted, like on a conveyor
belt for example.
4) In an electrical context – new types of components can be more energy –
efficient, for example, using LED light bulbs as opposed to filament lamps causes
less energy to be wasted. Normally. Energy is lost by heating up the surroundings
though sometimes energy is dissipated as sound waves.

What's the writer's main purpose?

a) to compare
b) to describe
c) to advise
d) to convince

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Passage 5

Statue of Liberty. The official name of this statue is “Liberty Enlightening the
World.” It represents democracy or Liberal Thought. It is a sculptural artwork that
France gifted to the United States of America on October 28, 1886 as a memorial
gift, with the aim of strengthening friendship between the two countries on the
occasion of the centenary of the American Revolution 1775-1783). Surrounding the
statue as a whole is a star shaped wall a star with 10 heads). The Statue of Liberty
is very popular with many visitors around the world, especially New York City, and
visitors can take a great experience by going up to the huge crown above the
statue's head.

The purpose of the passage is to give a ……..

a) Narrative
b) Description
c) Definition
d) Compariso

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Passage 6 (Importing and Exporting)

1) The history of importing and exporting dates back to the Roman Empire, when
European and Asian traders imported and exported goods across the vast lands
of Eurasia. Trading along the Silk Road flourished during the thirteenth and
fourteenth centuries. Caravans filled with imports from China and India came
over the desert to Constantinople and Alexandria. From there, Italian ships
transported the goods to European ports.
2) For centuries, importing and exporting has often involved middlemen, due in
part to the long distances traveled and different native languages spoken. The
spice trade of the 1400s was no exception. Spices were very much in demand
because Europeans had no refrigeration, which meant they had to preserve
meat using large amounts of salt or risk eating half-rotten flesh. Spices
disguised the otherwise poor flavor of the meat. Europeans also used spices as
medicines. The European demand for spices gave rise to the spice trade. The
trouble was that spices were difficult to obtain because they grew in jungles
half a world away from Europe. The overland journey to the spice-rich lands was
difficult and involved many middlemen along the way. Each middleman charged a
fee and thus raised the price of the spice at each point. By the end of the
journey, the price of the spice was inflated 1,000 percent.

Why did the writer write this passage?

a) to entertain
b) to persuade
c) to explain
d) to give an example

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‫‪tenth Strategy‬‬

‫?‪What is one important idea that the writer mentions‬‬

‫?‪What is one important idea that the writer mentions in paragraph….‬‬

‫ما هي أهم فكرة الكاتب ذكرها؟‬

‫‪ o‬نحدد نطاق البحث إذا حدد البرقراف أو القطعه‪.‬‬

‫‪ o‬نقرأ القطعة أو البرقراف المحدد جيدا‪.‬‬
‫ركﺰ عليها الكاتب وليست مجرد‬
‫‪ o‬نختار الفكرة المحورية للقطعة أو البرقراف التي ّ‬
‫معلومة فرعية‪.‬‬

‫مفتاح الحل في اول فقرة في الغالب لو ما تم تحديد الفقره في السؤال عليك قرأتها‬
‫جيدا وفهمها‬

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Passage 1 (GMO Bananas)

(1) Each year, thousands of children in East Africa go blind or die because they don't get
enough vitamin A. Now, with the support of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation,
Ugandan, American and Australian researchers are trying to develop a potential fix: a
genetically modified banana that packs a significantly larger vitamin A punch.
(2) The bananas have already been successfully tested on gerbils. Researchers created
the new bananas by slightly tweaking its genome so that the fruit contains more alpha
and beta caroteno-plant-synthesized substances that animals convert into vitamin A
The new bananas have a slight orange shade but taste the same as non-genetically
modified bananas. Human trials just began in Iowa, and if they're successful, farmers in
Uganda will be growing the GMO bananas by 2020. About 70 percent of people there rely
on bananas as a major staple of their diets, so delivering the extra vitamin boost
through the fruit should be an effective means of helping to alleviate vitamin A
deficiency. If the GM banana scheme helps reduce death and blindness rates in Uganda,
it could be transferred to other countries or applied to other fruits, like plantains.
(3) Bananas are not the only food whose yield or nutritional profile could be improved
with genetic engineering. With climate change threatening to disrupt existing crops and
growing global populations demanding more of those supplies, genetic engineering could
be a solution for making the most of limited space and resources. Quite a number of
foods that fit this profile have already been created including virus resistant squash,
and disease-resistant potatoes.

What is one important idea that the writer mentions?

A. That animals like to eat the orange bananas.
B. That a lack of vitamin A makes people go blind.
C. That children in Africa need better food.
D. That Uganda is a rich country in East Africa.
What is one important idea that the writer mentions?
A. That Ugandans have grown bananas for centuries.
B. That the way we produce food is changing
C. That climate change is a serious global problem.
D. That genetically modified bananas may save lives.

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Passage 2 (The human cost of Stalin's 5-year plans)

(1) In 1927. Stalin's main aim for his country, Russia, was to modernize its industry. His 5-
year plans set ambitious targets for important heavy industries such as coal, iron, oil,
and electricity.
(2) However, there was a human cost to achieving the targets set in the 5-year plans.
This cost was paid by the workers. Many foreign experts and engineers were called in by
Stalin to help with work and in their letters and reports they were amazed by at the
toughness of the Russian people and how hard they worked. The most famous worker was
Alexei Stakhanov. In 1935, with two helpers, he managed to cut 102 tons of coal in one
day's work. This was fourteen times the average. Stakhanov became a hero of the
country, and the government newspapers and radio encouraged all Russian workers to
be like him.
(3) Life was very difficult under Stalin. Workers had targets to meet and were punished
if they did not meet them. Factory discipline was strict, and punishments were hard
Workers who were late or absent would lose their jobs and sometimes their flat or house
as well. On the great engineering projects, such as dams and canals, worker conditions
were very poor and there were many accidents and deaths. It is estimated that 100,000
workers died in the construction of the Belomor canal.
What is one important idea related to the workers that the writer mentions in
paragraph (2)?
(A) They had to pay money.
(B) They became famous.
(C) They were foreigners.
(D) They were hard working.
What is one important idea mentioned about Alexei Stakhanov in Paragraph (2)?
(A) He was an example of a good worker.
(B) He had two helpers.
(C) He worked in 1935.
(D) He was a coal worker

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Passage 3 (Human Impact on the Water Cycle)

(2) Human impact on evaporation and transpiration

The human impact on evaporation and transpiration is relatively small in relation to

the rest of the hydrological cycle but is nevertheless important.

(3) Dams – there has been an increase in evaporation due to the construction of

large dams. For example, Lake Nasser behind the Aswan Dam loses up to a third of

its water due to evaporation. Water loss can be reduced by using chemical sprays

on the surface, by building sand-fill dams and by covering the dams with plastic.

(4) Urbanization leads to a huge reduction in evapotranspiration due to the lack of

vegetation. There may also be a slight increase in evaporation because of higher

temperatures and increased surface storage.

What is one important effect of building dams?

a) an increase in cloud seeding
b) changing how land is used
c) reducing chemical sprays
d) a rise in evaporation

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Passage 4 (The Impact of Culture on Marketing Strategies)

(1) In marketing, a seller must understand the ways that consumers in different

countries think about and use certain products before planning a marketing

program. There are often surprises. For example, the average French man uses

almost twice as many cosmetics and grooming devices as his wife. The Germans and

the French eat more packaged branded spaghetti than Italians do. Some 49

percent of Chinese eat on the way to work. Most American women let down their

hair and take off their makeup at bedtime, whereas 15 percent of Chinese women

style their hair at bedtime and 11 percent put on makeup.

What is one important idea about marketing in Paragraph (1)?

a) consumers
b) cosmetics
c) surprises
d) devices

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The word Closest in meaning to ‫المعنى‬

Model 5
Cartographer Map maker ‫صانع الخراﺋط‬

Unscheduled NOT planned ‫غير مجدول\مخطط‬

Carved Shaped َ‫شكل‬

َّ – ‫نحت‬

Intelligibility Similarity ‫تشابه‬

Pioneering use for the first time ‫استخدم شيء ألول مرة‬

Model 6
Expedition Journey ‫رحلة شاقة – رحلة‬

Equilibrium Balance ‫التوازن – االتﺰان‬

Location Place ‫موقع‬

Leisure Free ‫فراغ‬

Crucial Important ‫ ﺿروري‬- ‫هام‬

Essentially Basically ‫أساسي‬

Model 7
Essential Important ‫ﺿروري – ملح‬

Clues Signs ‫عالمات‬

Dozing Sleeping ‫ناﺋم‬

Stimuli Things produce reaction ‫محفﺰات‬

Allocates assigning money ‫يخصص‬

Compatible matching ‫متوافق‬

Model 8
Effortless Without working ‫بدون جهد – بدون عمل‬

Pleased Happy ‫مسرور – سعيد‬

Resemble Look like ‫يشبه‬

Legend Tale ‫أسطورة – حكاية‬

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derived from Originated ‫مشتق من‬

Model 9
Assumed Took ‫يفترض‬

Lacking missing ‫يفتقر الي – مفقود‬

Premature early ‫مبكر – قبل أوانه‬

Forceful Powerful ‫قوي‬

Nocturnal Active at night ‫نشط ليليا‬

Compound Complex ‫ معقد‬- ‫مركب‬

Model 10
Celebrated Enjoyed ‫ استمتع‬- ‫احتفل‬

Transfigure Change ‫ تغيير‬- ‫تحويل‬

Piles Stacks ‫أكوام‬

Ancestors Predecessors ‫أسالف‬

‫يخاطب – يتحدث عن‬

Address Talk about something
‫شيء‬

Model 11
Greedy Wanting more ‫طماع – الحاجة للمﺰيد‬

Tutor Teacher ‫معلم‬

Sufficient Enough ‫كاف‬

Brighter More shiny ‫أكثر اشراقا‬

‫بعيد المنال – صعب‬

far-fetched difficult to believe
‫االعتقاد‬

Retrospect looking back ‫استرجاع الماﺿي‬

Inconvenience Trouble ‫ازعاج‬

Model 12
Occur Happen ‫يحدث‬

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Nutritious high food value ‫ذو قيمة غذاﺋية عالية‬

Individual Separate ‫فرد – متفرق‬

Essential Necessary ‫ﺿروري – أساسي‬

Current Recent ‫حديث – حالي‬

Remarks Comments ‫تعليقات – مالحظات‬

Reign Rule ‫فترة حكم‬

Model 13
Physician Doctor ‫طبيب معالج‬

Proficient Skilled ‫بارع – ماهر‬

‫المشاكل التي عانوا‬

Suffer problems they experienced
‫منها – يعاني‬

Examine Looking ‫يفحص‬

Function Position ‫وظيفة‬

- ‫متعدد االستعمال‬
Versatile Useful
‫مفيد‬

Model 14
Pronunciation Say ‫نطق‬

Herbs Plants ‫أعشاب – نباتات‬

– ‫ال تعد وال تحصي‬

Myriad Multiple
‫مضاعف‬

‫ترويض – خاﺿع‬
Tamed Controlled
‫للسيطرة‬

Mankind Human being ‫الجنس البشري‬

Model 15
But However ‫لكن‬

Connecting Joining ‫ربط – اتصال‬

Agreements Arrangements ‫ترتيب – اتفاق‬

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Governed Controlled ‫محكومة‬

Model 16
Because Since ‫ألن – حيث‬

Transferred Moved ‫انتقل‬

Discovered Found ‫اكتشف – وجد‬

Model 17
Accurate Correct ‫صحيح‬

Introduced Began ‫قدم – بدأ‬

Invented Made ‫اخترع – صنع‬

Theory Idea ‫نظرية – فكرة‬

Expresses Explains ‫يعبر – يشرح‬

Judge evaluate / consider ‫يحكم – يقيم – يﺄخذ‬

‫باالعتبار‬

Find out determine / calculate - ‫يكتشف – يحدد‬

‫يحسب‬

Model 18
So Therefore ‫ وبالتالي‬- ‫لذا‬

Produce Make ‫ينتج – انتاج‬

Increases Grows ‫زيادة نمو‬

Isolate Separate ‫فصل – عﺰل‬

carried out Performed ‫تم تنفيذها‬

Thrust Intention ‫نية‬

Extinction Destruction ‫انقراض – دمار‬

Concentrated Emphasized ‫مركﺰ علي‬

Model 19
Though However, ‫لكن – على اية حال‬

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Due to Because of ‫بسبب‬

Multiple Many ‫عديد‬

Constraint Limit ‫قيد – حد‬

Guidelines Instructions – ‫قواعد ارشادية‬

‫تعليمات‬

Inexpensive Modest ‫ متواﺿع‬- ‫غير غالي‬

Model 20
Intellectual Thinking ‫ تفكير‬- ‫فكري‬

Obtaining Getting ‫الحصول علي‬

Promote Help ‫تعﺰيﺰ – مساعده‬

Shields Protects ‫يحمي‬

Accumulate Collect ‫تراكم – جمع‬

Bonds Connections ‫الروابط‬

Intuition Feeling ‫حدس – شعور‬

Phenomena Events ‫ظواهر – أحداث‬

Sophisticated Complicated ‫معقد‬

Opposite ends of the ‫نهايات العالم المتقابلة‬

Different cultures
world ‫ ثقافات مختلفة‬-

Inconvenience Trouble ‫ازعاج‬

Model 21
Maintain Keep ‫يحافظ علي‬

Sufficient Enough ‫كاف‬

Replicate Copy ‫ينسخ‬

Modified Changed ‫معدل – تغير‬

Infect Damage ‫تصيب‬

Model 22
While Although ‫في حين – رغم‬

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Impact Effect ‫تﺄثير‬

Reduction Fall ‫انخفاض‬

Worthwhile Useful ‫مفيد‬

Extracted Removed ‫يتم استخراجه – ازالته‬

Desirable required ‫ مطلوب‬- ‫مرغوب فيه‬

Model 23
Although However, ‫علي الرغم من‬

Generally, Usually, ‫عموما – عادة‬

Reported Explained ‫ذكر – وﺿح‬

Undergoing Experiencing ‫يمر – يعاني‬

Liability Fault ‫مسئولية – أخطاء‬

Model 24
In addition, Besides ‫باإلﺿافة الي – بجانب‬

Obtaining Getting ‫الحصول علي‬

Negotiations Discussions ‫نقاشات‬

Booked Registered ‫حجﺰ – سجل‬

Probable Reasonable ‫محتمل – معقول‬

Supporter Advocate – Defender ‫ مدافع‬- ‫مؤيد‬

Inconvenience Trouble ‫ازعاج‬

Model 25

Greedy Wanting more ‫طماع – الحاجة للمﺰيد‬

Due to Because of ‫بسبب‬

‫صعب التصديق – بعيد‬

Far-fetched Difficult to believe
‫المنال‬

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Model 26
‫مركبات الكربون الكلورو‬
Chlorofluorocarbons Freons
‫ الفريونات‬- ‫فلورية‬

For example, For instance, ‫على سبيل المثال‬

Reports Diaries ‫تقارير – يوميات‬

Currency Cash ‫ نقدي‬- ‫عملة‬

Slab Chunk ‫لوح – قطعه‬

Unites Combine ‫يوحد – يجمع‬

Unstable Loose ‫غير مستقر – مرتخي‬

‫عالقات – االرتباط‬
Relationships attachments to other people
‫بﺄشخاص أخرين‬

Model 27
So Afterwards ‫نتيجة لذلك – بعد ذلك‬

Rapid Quick ‫سريع‬

Chief Main ‫رﺋيسي‬

Comprehensive Complete ‫شامل – كامل‬

Ideally Perfectly ‫مثالي‬

Abandoned Stopped ‫ توقف‬- ‫منع‬

Model 28
Thus Therefore ‫ بالتالي‬- ‫اذا‬

Descending Falling ‫ينﺰل – يهبط‬

Flame Fire ‫لهب – نار‬

Misbehave Act out ‫يسئ التصرف‬

Model 29
Legislation Law ‫ قانون‬- ‫تشريع‬

Impure Dirty ‫غير نقي – متسخ‬

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For example, For instance, ‫علي سبيل النماذج‬

Shift Change ‫تحول – تغير‬

Rates Amounts ‫معدالت – كميات‬

Alternative Option ‫بديل – خيار‬

Impressive Extraordinary ‫ نادر‬- ‫مثير لإلعجاب‬

Model 30
Pronounce Say ‫ينطق – يقول‬

Pleased Happy ‫سعيد‬

Myriad Multiple ‫ال تعد – مضاعف‬

Tamed Controlled ‫ترويض – مسيطر عليه‬

Funds Money ‫أموال‬

Define Explain ‫يحدد – يشرح‬

Model 31
Physician Doctor ‫طبيب‬

Examine Looking ‫يفحص‬

Such as For instance, ‫على سبيل المثال‬

So Therefore ‫لذلك – بالتالي‬

Device Equipment ‫جهاز‬

Infect Damage ‫ﺿرر‬

Illustrated Demonstrated ‫يوﺿح – يبرهن‬

Documented Recorded ‫موثق – مسجل‬

Implies Suggests ‫يلمح – يقترح‬

Suffer Having problems ‫يعاني من مشاكل‬

Model 32
Produce Create ‫ يخلق‬/ ‫ينتج‬

Growth Development ‫تطوير‬

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Response Reply ‫إجابة‬

Evidence Facts ‫ حقاﺋق‬/ ‫دليل‬

Examining Testing ‫فحص‬

Model 34
Brighter more shiny ‫أكثر لمعانا وإشراقا‬

Income wage ‫ أجر‬- ‫دخل‬

Model 35
Desires Interests ‫ اهتمامات‬- ‫رغبات‬

Antiques very old ‫عتيق – قديم جدا‬

Overloaded Feeling under pressure ‫مثقل – الشعور بالضغط‬

Model 36
Potential possible ‫ ممكن‬- ‫محتمل‬

Criteria standards ‫معايير‬

Sites places ‫ أماكن‬- ‫مواقع‬

Model 37
Device phone ‫جهاز – هاتف‬

Harvested collected ‫ جمع‬- ‫حصد‬

Diet food ‫ طعام‬- ‫غذاء‬

Thrive grow ‫ ينمو‬- ‫يﺰدهر‬

Model 38
So Therefore ‫ وبالتالي‬- ‫لذلك‬

Maintain Keep ‫يحافظ على‬

Build up Increase ‫تﺰداد‬

Convert Change ‫ يتغير‬- ‫يتحول‬

Aggregate Combine ‫ جمع‬- ‫مجموع‬

Characteristic Attractive ‫مميﺰ – جذاب‬

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Psyche Mind ‫عقل‬

Irrational Unreasonable ‫غير عقالني‬

Ego Pride ‫ الذات‬/ ‫األنا‬

Model 39
Exposed Shown ‫يعرض‬

Represented Illustrated ‫يوﺿح‬

Specified Explained ‫تفصيال‬

َ ‫يشرح‬

Accommodates Fits ‫يتالﺋم‬

Principle Primary ‫أساسي‬

Model 40
Migrated Moved ‫يهاجر‬

Surged Increased ‫يﺰداد‬

Staple Common ‫شاﺋع‬

Promotional Marketing ‫دعاﺋي‬

Minuscule Tiny ‫متناهي الصغر‬

Proportions Amounts ‫كميات‬

Trained Conditioned ‫يتدرب بشروط‬

Model 41
Proficient Skilled ‫مهاري‬

Infection Illness ‫عدوي‬

Cure Solution ‫عالج‬

Function Process ‫وظيفة‬

Model 42
Brighter More shiny ‫أكثر سطوع َا‬

Vacant Empty ‫فارغ‬

Suffered Faced trouble ‫يعاني‬

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Liability Responsibility ‫مسئولية‬

Traders Dealers ‫تجار‬

Possessions Property ‫ملكية‬

Far – fetched Difficult to believe ‫يصعب تصديقه‬

Model 43
Proficient Skilled ‫ ماهر‬- ‫بارع‬

However Yet ‫لكن‬

Shelter Protection ‫ حماية‬- ‫مﺄوى‬

broken out Spread ‫ انتشر‬- ‫اندلع‬

Marked Indicated ‫ يشير‬- ‫يمثل‬

Assure Swear ‫ يقسم‬- ‫يؤكد‬

Function Process ‫ عمليه‬- ‫وظيفه‬

Model 44
Examine Looking closely ‫يفحص‬

at the end after that ‫في النهاية – بعد ذلك‬

Sequence Order ‫ نظام‬- ‫تسلسل‬

Major Important ‫ مهم‬- ‫رﺋيسي‬

Consistent Steady ‫ثابت‬

Peripheral Secondary ‫ ثانوي‬- ‫هامشي‬

Suffer Having problems ‫يعاني‬

Model 45
Brighter More shiny ‫أكثر سطوع َا‬

Suffered Experienced ‫ اختبر‬- ‫عانى‬

Lanes Routes ‫ طرق‬- ‫ممرات‬

Elaborated Explained ‫أوﺿح‬

Recur Repeat ‫يتكرر‬

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Pioneering Original ‫أصلي‬

Pitting Forcing ‫مواجهة‬

Moot Arguable ‫موﺿع للنقاش‬

Exorbitant Steep ‫هاﺋل‬

Model 46
Brighter More shiny ‫أكثر سطوع َا‬

However Though ‫على الرغم من ذلك‬

Also As well ‫ كذلك‬- ‫أيضا‬

soil Land ‫ األرض‬- ‫التربة‬

Additional Extra ‫إﺿافية‬

Inhabited Occupied ‫مﺄهولة‬

- ‫السكان األصليين‬
Indigenous Native
‫المحليين‬

Far fetched Difficult to believe ‫صعب التصديق‬

Model 47
The word Closest in meaning to ‫المعنى‬

examine looking ‫يفحص‬

familiar Well-known ‫مﺄلوف‬

methods ways ‫ُطرق‬

distinct different ‫مختلف‬

comprise contain ‫يضم‬

ُ

constitute forms ‫تشكل‬

suffer problems ‫يعاني‬

84