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2025년

6월 고3
모의고사 변형
글의흐름중점 Q.66
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11단계 변형문제
1단계 내용 일치 문제 7단계 본문 내용의 이해 빈칸 넣기
2단계 어법&어휘 양자택일 8단계 글의 순서 문제 1.2.
3단계 글의 흐름 - 1.2.3. 9단계 전체 글의 맥락 파악 (주제&어휘)
4단계 어법 문제 10단계 빈칸 넣기 대비 (주제&어휘)
5단계 어휘의 적절성 문제 11단계 서술형 문제(주어진 단어사용영작)
6단계 어법 고치면서 암기

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Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

18번 To Whom It May Concern, 20번 Our ability to respond to danger has been
I recently visited the Lambsford History Foundation’s important for survival, so feeling worried in uncertain
exhibition about the Qukkon Gold Rush. ① The collection situations is normal. Feelings of worry, which are
of pictures, tools, and historical documents made the activated in anticipation of future events, are often
gold miners arriving to Qukkon come to life. ② Because experienced in everyday situations. ① To some extent,
of this, I’m wondering if there are volunteer guide thinking through potential scenarios can be helpful. ②
positions available for this exhibition. ③ I can share my When our worries exceed our control, however, they
experiences working in the extreme cold of Qukkon. ④ cause us unnecessary suffering. ③ Consider how many
Again, I would be thankful if you could tell me about the times you have lost sleep thinking about a terrible
availability of volunteer positions as a guide. ⑤ situation, which, in the end, did not actually take place.
Sincerely, Jonathan Hamilton ④ If that situation actually occurred, it only goes to show
1. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?1) that worrying about it did nothing to prevent it from
happening. ⑤ It is worth making a conscious effort, then,
This reminded me of when I lived in Qukkon and worked
to stop worrying endlessly about events you may not
in the mining industry.
experience.
3. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?3)
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
For example, we may feel nervous imagining unlikely
events, such as a computer crashing during an important
presentation.

① ② ③ ④ ⑤
Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

19번 The shoreline was known for having the best 21번 Basing your self-worth on climbing performance
fishing spots on the lake. ① Jessie was sitting at one of puts you at the whim of external factors. These factors
those spots, but her fishing line still hadn’t moved an may be random and misleading. ① Comparison is one
inch. ② With a deep sigh, Jessie pulled out the line and source of illusion. Perhaps you felt that you performed
cast it back into the water. ③ Her dream of catching a well on a certain climb because your partner was having
big fish was fading. “I can’t believe I haven’t caught a an off day and found the climbing very difficult. ② You
fish yet. Not a single one,” she thought. ④ Jessie found it only slightly difficult and conclude that you were
excitedly held onto the fishing pole as it began to move climbing quite well, when in fact you were climbing no
around wildly. ⑤ Her eyes widened and her heart began better than usual. Or, your partner was at the top of his
to beat faster with excitement. With a big smile, she game. ③ Environmental factors may be involved. Perhaps
could feel that this was the biggest fish she had ever you mastered your day’s objective due to especially
caught! favorable conditions, such as low humidity, when in fact,
2. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?2) you really didn’t climb particularly well. ④ In all these
cases, the good or bad feelings you have are not based
Just as she was about to give up and leave, the fishing
on something you can take credit for. ⑤ If the
line suddenly became tense.
performances boost your self-worth, the boost is
grounded in fiction.
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
4. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?4)

You felt weak in comparison, when in fact, objectively,

you put in a very strong performance.

① ② ③ ④ ⑤

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Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

22번 Information and meaning are, clearly, not the same 24번 Food, as we all know, is essential for human life.
thing. ① The former refers to uninterpreted data or It also is the basis for several major industries found in
sensory states whose probability in a certain situation can many countries around the world such as in agriculture,
be easily measured; the latter refers to the interpretation food processing, food retailing and food service. ① For
of the data or sensory states, including the special kinds millennia, the focus of those involved with food as a
of nuances and values that the information entails, or is human and economic phenomenon was on its production,
intended to have, in the given situation. ② This applies preservation, distribution, pricing and other practical
to any type of information, from alarm signals to concerns. ② Food became more than just a life
sophisticated statements. ③ If a certain player ends up necessity. Restaurants began to be developed, initially in
consistently with the desired outcome, defeating all who France but eventually in other nations, as a distinct
challenge that player, then we tend to interpret the institution offering people dining choices and table
outcome either as the work of Fortune, or else as clever service, the opportunity for socialization and, over time, a
and undetectable cheating on the part of the winning finer and finer atmosphere. ③ The rise of restaurants
player. ④ Interpretation is at the core of everything we eventually led to a class of diners who prided themselves
do, think about, and feel. ⑤ on being critics of taste, food and cooking. ④
5. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?5) Brillat-Savarin is probably the best known of the ‘culinary
philosophers’ or, in today’s parlance, a ‘foodie’. ⑤ One
Take, for instance, a coin-tossing game in which it is
of Brillat-Savarin’s better known sayings was, ‘[t]ell me
decided that throwing three heads in a row constitutes a
what you eat, and I’ll tell you who you are.’
win.
7. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?7)

① ② ③ ④ ⑤ But in the late 18th century this began to change.

① ② ③ ④ ⑤
Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

23번 The purpose of class discussions is to encourage

you to be an active participant, not a passive recorder. Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

Much of the emphasis in a discussion is on getting 26번 Mary Budd Rowe was best known for her
students involved in thinking, reacting, and responding. ① achievements in science education. When she was a
These are important intellectual activities in the learning middle school student, she met Albert Einstein and was
process, for through them you are supposed to discover inspired by him to study science. ① In 1954, she
and express your opinions. ② Writing is an invaluable graduated from the University of California at Berkeley
tool for accomplishing these tasks. Unfortunately, too with a master’s degree in zoology. ② Then she earned
many times, when class discussion begins, pens and her doctorate degree in science education from Stanford
pencils go down. ③ Admittedly, it is considerably more University in 1964. ③ Through her research, Rowe
difficult to take notes from discussions than from discovered that learning could be improved by increasing
lectures, for, unlike lectures, discussions tend to be teachers’ average “wait time” for students’ responses. ④
disorganized and difficult to follow. ④ Also, students She also served as President of the National Science
usually don’t know how much of what other students are Teachers Association. In 1990, she published her book,
saying is important. And if you are an active participant, The Process of Knowing. ⑤ Throughout her career, she
it is not easy to take notes and formulate what you want practiced Einstein’s advice, “Science is exploring, and
to say. ⑤ Note taking helps to keep you active and alert; exploring is fun.” When she died in 1996, she was
it allows you to impose some organization on the remembered as one of the leading figures in the field of
discussion; and it can prepare you to speak. science education.
6. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?6) 8. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?8)

But note taking in discussions is not only manageable, During her career, she directed a science education
it is also important. program in Harlem.

① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

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Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

29번 Changes in the degree of closeness are quite 30번 Gaining an audience for your writing involves not
important in managing emotional intensity. ① Take, for just finding a voice but ensuring that voice resonates with
example, emotions induced by television. Closeness and your intended readers. Entrepreneurs understand the
familiarity are important in making the fictional environment importance of building a brand that makes them
more real. ② Accordingly, most TV shows are set in the memorable and distinct from their competitors, drawing
present or in a time within the memory of the viewers. customers to their products or services. ① While scholars
Most characters are supposed to be types with whom we might initially find these entrepreneurial concepts alien,
are familiar. ③ Such closeness and familiarity make it they actually engage in similar practices when they set
easier for us to perceive the imaginary story to be a real themselves apart in their academic writing. ② Consider
one. ④ Television entertainment tends to place social the typical literature review and motivation section of a
problems involving violence in another time and place, scholarly article ― the aim is to highlight gaps in existing
letting us watch those fictionalized characters search for research and position oneself as the one who will
solutions to our problems in settings safely distanced from address these overlooked areas. ③ The challenge, as
our own. ⑤ When violence occurs in a contemporary Labaree suggests, is not just in developing innovative
setting, it is generally the product of the interaction of ideas but in cultivating a distinctive voice that makes
police and criminals - again, it is removed from the lives readers think, “Ah, this sounds like [the author].” ④ It’s
of good citizenry. about balancing the expression of your ideas with the
9. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?9) development of a unique voice that leaves a lasting
impression on your audience. ⑤
In other circumstances, such as when violence is shown
on TV, the closeness variable is used to reduce emotional 10. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?10)

intensity. They achieve this by pinpointing their target audience,

crafting a unique value proposition, and shaping a
① ② ③ ④ ⑤ recognizable identity.

① ② ③ ④ ⑤

Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

31번 ① The human psychology and education

communities (as well as some animal researchers!) have
been against referring to “teaching” when describing
social learning in animals, mainly because teaching implies
a level of intentionality on the part of the model that is
difficult to measure in animals. ② Nonetheless, there has
been a movement within the animal cognition community
to say that animals can, in fact, teach one another. ③
Killer whales also repeat the same seal hunting technique
in front of their offspring, sometimes without even killing
the seal, leading researchers to ask why they would
repeatedly catch and release a seal if they were not
planning to eat it. ④ Considering the amount of energy
they’d have to expend, there would need to be a good
reason, and that reason might be teaching. ⑤
11. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?11)

For example, skilled ants engage in a behavior called

tandem running, in which they touch their bodies to the
body of a novice ant as they lay down chemical trails,
presumably to assist the newcomer with route learning.

① ② ③ ④ ⑤

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32번 Writers often give us the impression that they have 34번 One word is inextricably associated with geography:
described the faces of their characters, when in fact they where. That is because geography starts from the premise
have simply given you an outline to fill in. ① Of Esch, that it matters where something takes place on Earth’s
the most important character in Hermann Broch’s surface. ① The key questions are not simply “where”
masterpiece The Sleepwalkers, we learn only that he has questions, though; they are “why there” and “so what”
big teeth. ② Even so, we don’t feel as if his face is a questions. ② Getting to such questions means taking
dentate blankness. ③ Most often, we mistake being told spatial arrangements, variations, and interconnections
what effect someone’s appearance has for an account of seriously. ③ Engaging in even the simplest day-to-day
that appearance. ④ The poet Mallarmé’s advice ― activity requires some appreciation of spatial
Peindre non la chose, mais l’effet qu’elle produit (‘Paint circumstances ― where to find food and services, how to
not the thing itself but the effect it produces’) sounds get to work places, and the like. ④ Locating a new store
like a self-denying ordinance. ⑤ When, in one of his or public service requires taking into consideration
novels, Evelyn Waugh says of a new character, that ‘he population distributions, the location of roads and utilities,
had just the kind of appearance one would expect a socio-economic patterns, and more. ⑤ Understanding
young man of his type to have’ and nothing else, you why and where migration happens requires consideration
still feel as if you have been told exactly what he looks of the political organization of territory, the spatial
like. consequences of discrimination, socio-economic patterns,
12. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?12) and the layout of the physical environment.

Actually it is a rather clever way out of an intractable 14. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?14)

problem. Moving up in scale, without some awareness of how

phenomena are arranged on Earth’s surface, it is difficult
① ② ③ ④ ⑤ to make reasoned business or policy judgments, make
sense of events, or grasp some of the basic forces
shaping life on the planet.

Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. ① ② ③ ④ ⑤
33번 When we narrow, we’re redirecting all of our
computing power to the handful of processes that matter.
① It’s as if to help with our slow Wi-Fi, we disconnect
our phone and tablet, just so that our video conference
call won’t lag. Narrowing also helps with goal attainment.
② When we home in, we increase motivational intensity,
reinforcing that what’s in front of us is what we should
be after. ③ For a brief moment, the trade-off can be
worthwhile, but when we remain zoomed in for too long,
we start to miss cues and signals. ④ We get locked in
on one path without being able to step back and see a
better route. When we’re stuck narrowed in for too long,
accidents go up and performance drops. ⑤ We miss
hearing alarms that signal there’s a problem elsewhere.
13. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?13)

It cuts out all of the other distractions and places the

most important goal front and center.

① ② ③ ④ ⑤

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35번 A genuine glacier must be permanent. ① Generally, 37번 A good example of chaos is the magnetic
this implies that sufficient fresh snow must accumulate pendulum sold as an executive toy. It has four magnets
during the cold months to offset melting during the arranged in a square at the base and a pendulum that
summer, although on a year-to-year basis, glaciers may swings back and forth between them. ① If the pendulum
expand or contract, depending on local and global is released from the same position a second time, the
climatic conditions. ② This has been documented pattern of movement may at first be the same but soon it
spectacularly in places such as the Alps, where historical will become completely different. ② In fact, the pattern
records have been kept and dated sketches and of its movement is chaotic. No matter how much care is
photographs are available to compare with the present taken to start the pendulum in the same position, it will
extent of ice. ③ Even over periods as short as a few visit an entirely different set of points on the two
decades, satellite images show that dramatic reduction of occasions. ③ Chaotic systems are generated by iteration,
mountain glaciers has occurred in the Andes, the though not all iteration leads to chaos. ④ In order to
Himalayas, and elsewhere. ④ It is estimated that many produce chaos, the iteration has to be within what is
small mountain glaciers will disappear completely within called a nonlinear system. ⑤ Nor are all nonlinear
ten to twenty years unless there is a sudden and systems chaotic: to become so they need to be pushed
unexpected change in the present warming trend. ⑤ beyond a certain point, called a bifurcation. Before that
15. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?15) point is reached they may behave in a quite orderly
fashion.
Today, most glaciers around the world are melting
because of the warming climate, and it appears that the 17. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?17)

rate of melting is accelerating. Release the pendulum and note the magnets that it
visits, and in what order.
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
① ② ③ ④ ⑤

Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

36번 If we take an evolutionary look at our beginnings, 38번 Research finds that people show a strong visceral
we see a life in which high levels of physical activity interest in and desire to approach and own cute-looking
were required for survival. ① Even one century ago, most and beautiful (elegant) designs. ① However, cute and
people needed to be physically active to work, to travel, beautiful designs elicit two very different motivations. ② A
and to take care of homes and families. ② Our modern cute product or package design elicits a nurturing
world has engineered such activity out of our lives. ③ motivation ― a desire to take care of and keep the
There are fewer manual jobs, we do not need to travel product, to hold it dear to our hearts and never let it go.
on foot, we do not need to hunt and harvest for our ③ But cute and beautiful designs also have downsides.
food, and many domestic chores have been mechanized. ④ Certain types of cute products can be associated with
④ While these changes have created many benefits for a lack of sophistication or seriousness, which can reduce
our longevity and quality of life, they have also created performance expectations (lowering perceived enablement
many problems. ⑤ Adrianne Hardman has summarized benefits). ⑤ Beautiful-looking designs may not attract
this serious situation for public health: “Physical inactivity attention over time because people become desensitized
is a waste of human potential for health and well-being.” to them.
16. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?16) 18. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?18)

Lack of sufficient physical activity has now been linked The beautiful product or package design elicits a
to at least 17 unhealthy conditions, almost all of which self-expressive, or signaling, motivation ― a desire to
are chronic diseases or considered risk factors for express oneself to others through product ownership.
chronic diseases.
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
① ② ③ ④ ⑤

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39번 Researchers are studying how our everyday 41~42번 In technological design, an aspiration towards
physical experiences in the world contribute to our seamlessness aims to make the technological experience
understanding of mathematical concepts. ① The for humans blend seamlessly into our everyday lives. ①
experience of walking along a path, for example, can be Considering the metaphor of seams in clothing, we can
a metaphor for thinking about arithmetic. ② If they want say that we aspire to seamless aesthetics by stitching the
to imagine what it might mean to add 5 and 9, they seams closely, pressing them flat and making sure they
could think of first walking 9 steps and then walking 5 are hidden on the inside so that we wear clothing rather
more. ③ But that also helps them think about what 14-3 than pieces of fabric. ② When designers and engineers
might mean because they can imagine walking talk about technological seamlessness, they are often
backwards. ④ They might be sitting still as they imagine referring to ease of use and convenience. For example,
all of this walking back and forth along their path; but in interface design, an aspiration towards seamlessness
they are reliving, at least in their imagination, the ensures the experience for the user flows and is not
movement of their feet. ⑤ If they close their eyes, they stressful or irritating. ③ Most of us would have had
might even imagine the shape of the path, the smell of experiences of poor interface designs or apps in
the trees, and the sound that is made when they step on workplaces that make things more complicated and
the dried leaves. irritating, and have longed for more seamless interfaces.
19. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?19) ④ Technological seamlessness can also include less
visible screens in new technologies, or virtual reality
The path starts at some point 0 and as children walk
technologies with a seamless technological design. ⑤
along, every step takes them 1 unit further from the
The aim is to immerse the user experience such that the
starting point; they can even take half steps or skip
visual interaction might be described as inside the screen
along two steps at a time.
rather than a body interacting with a digital console or
object as separate entities. Similarly, seamlessness in
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
humanoid robotic design aims to make humanoids
Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. indistinguishable from a human body.
40번 A serious deterioration in people’s working lives 21. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?21)
would be deeply disturbing to the social order. Indeed,
Essentially, this aspiration aims towards experiences
few consequences of technological change would be as
where people are no longer aware of the technology, the
dangerous. ① Today, the world of work is the main way
interface or the differences between human-technology
that we share out the fruits of growth: for most people,
and human-human interaction.
their job is their main, if not their only, source of income.
② Technological unemployment would weaken that
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
longstanding arrangement, encouraging an even more
extreme version of inequality in which some people
receive more income than others and many receive
nothing at all. ③ Nor would the disturbance be only
economic. ④ And with that in mind, the threat is even
broader: not only that the labor market might be hollowed
out, leaving some unable to find a good job and a
reliable income, but that this sense of fulfilment that
some people are fortunate to feel in their jobs might be
hollowed out as well, leaving them unable to find purpose
and live a satisfying life. ⑤
20. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?20)

For many people, their work is both a source of income

and of meaning.

① ② ③ ④ ⑤

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43~45번 “Hi! I’m over here!” shouted Laura, waving

brightly at Cathy at the entrance of Darlingdale Farmer’s
Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.
Market. Seeing her friend, Cathy rushed over in delight. 18번 To Whom It May Concern,
① Cathy had recently moved into Laura’s town, and this I recently visited the Lambsford History Foundation’s
was going to be her first experience at a real farmer’s exhibition about the Qukkon Gold Rush. ① This reminded
market. Born and raised in a big city, where large me of when I lived in Qukkon and worked in the mining
supermarkets were more common, Cathy had never had a industry. ② Because of this, I’m wondering if there are
chance to buy freshly-picked fruits or vegetables. ② volunteer guide positions available for this exhibition. ③ I
Entering the market, Laura said, “Let me show you can share my experiences working in the extreme cold of
around. Are you ready?” Cathy answered excitedly, Qukkon. ④ Again, I would be thankful if you could tell
“Absolutely! I’m going to buy some fresh peaches!” The me about the availability of volunteer positions as a
market was already crowded with people of all ages. guide. ⑤
“Cathy, you can taste the best of the season here,” said Sincerely, Jonathan Hamilton
Laura. Cathy smiled and began to look around. ③
23. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?23)
Meanwhile, Laura found some strawberry jam for sale.
She walked over to buy some. Curious to explore more, The collection of pictures, tools, and historical

Cathy said, “While you’re buying jam, I’ll look around the documents made the gold miners arriving to Qukkon

market and get some peaches.” ④ Wandering away from come to life.

Laura, Cathy began to search for peaches. Cathy walked

past booths of fresh flowers and hand-made soaps, ① ② ③ ④ ⑤
which smelled heavenly. ⑤ Hearing that, Cathy said, “Oh,
I’ll get some more then! They’re really cheap!” She
bought two bags of peaches. Carrying the bags of
peaches, Cathy came back and noticed Laura holding a
box of blueberries and jars of jam. “Cathy, those
peaches look delicious! I bought some blueberries. Would Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

you like to go to my place and make blueberry pancakes 19번 The shoreline was known for having the best
together?” Laura asked. “Yes, that’s an excellent idea!” fishing spots on the lake. ① Jessie was sitting at one of
replied Cathy happily. As they walked out of the market, those spots, but her fishing line still hadn’t moved an
Cathy thanked her friend for the special experience, inch. ② With a deep sigh, Jessie pulled out the line and
saying “I really love this place! Thank you for the cast it back into the water. ③ Just as she was about to
wonderful day.” give up and leave, the fishing line suddenly became

22. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?22) tense. ④ Jessie excitedly held onto the fishing pole as it
began to move around wildly. Her eyes widened and her
From a fruit stand, she picked out some beautiful, ripe
heart began to beat faster with excitement. ⑤ With a big
peaches. The fruit seller told her, “Those peaches are a
smile, she could feel that this was the biggest fish she
great choice because they’re only here until this week. If
had ever caught!
you miss them now, you’ll have to wait another year for
24. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?24)
the season.”
Her dream of catching a big fish was fading. “I can’t
① ② ③ ④ ⑤ believe I haven’t caught a fish yet. Not a single one,”
she thought.

① ② ③ ④ ⑤

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20번 Our ability to respond to danger has been 22번 Information and meaning are, clearly, not the same
important for survival, so feeling worried in uncertain thing. ① The former refers to uninterpreted data or
situations is normal. Feelings of worry, which are sensory states whose probability in a certain situation can
activated in anticipation of future events, are often be easily measured; the latter refers to the interpretation
experienced in everyday situations. ① For example, we of the data or sensory states, including the special kinds
may feel nervous imagining unlikely events, such as a of nuances and values that the information entails, or is
computer crashing during an important presentation. ② intended to have, in the given situation. ② This applies to
To some extent, thinking through potential scenarios can any type of information, from alarm signals to
be helpful. ③ When our worries exceed our control, sophisticated statements. ③ Take, for instance, a
however, they cause us unnecessary suffering. ④ coin-tossing game in which it is decided that throwing
Consider how many times you have lost sleep thinking three heads in a row constitutes a win. ④ Interpretation is
about a terrible situation, which, in the end, did not at the core of everything we do, think about, and feel. ⑤
actually take place. ⑤ It is worth making a conscious 27. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?27)
effort, then, to stop worrying endlessly about events you
If a certain player ends up consistently with the desired
may not experience.
outcome, defeating all who challenge that player, then we
25. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?25) tend to interpret the outcome either as the work of
If that situation actually occurred, it only goes to show Fortune, or else as clever and undetectable cheating on
that worrying about it did nothing to prevent it from the part of the winning player.
happening.
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
① ② ③ ④ ⑤

Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

21번 Basing your self-worth on climbing performance 23번 The purpose of class discussions is to encourage
puts you at the whim of external factors. These factors you to be an active participant, not a passive recorder.
may be random and misleading. ① Comparison is one Much of the emphasis in a discussion is on getting
source of illusion. Perhaps you felt that you performed students involved in thinking, reacting, and responding. ①
well on a certain climb because your partner was having Writing is an invaluable tool for accomplishing these
an off day and found the climbing very difficult. ② Or, tasks. Unfortunately, too many times, when class
your partner was at the top of his game. You felt weak discussion begins, pens and pencils go down. ②
in comparison, when in fact, objectively, you put in a Admittedly, it is considerably more difficult to take notes
very strong performance. ③ Environmental factors may be from discussions than from lectures, for, unlike lectures,
involved. Perhaps you mastered your day’s objective due discussions tend to be disorganized and difficult to
to especially favorable conditions, such as low humidity, follow. ③ Also, students usually don’t know how much of
when in fact, you really didn’t climb particularly well. ④ what other students are saying is important. And if you
In all these cases, the good or bad feelings you have are are an active participant, it is not easy to take notes and
not based on something you can take credit for. ⑤ If the formulate what you want to say. ④ But note taking in
performances boost your self-worth, the boost is discussions is not only manageable, it is also important.
grounded in fiction. ⑤ Note taking helps to keep you active and alert; it
26. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?26) allows you to impose some organization on the
discussion; and it can prepare you to speak.
You found it only slightly difficult and conclude that you
were climbing quite well, when in fact you were climbing 28. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?28)

no better than usual. These are important intellectual activities in the learning
process, for through them you are supposed to discover
① ② ③ ④ ⑤ and express your opinions.

① ② ③ ④ ⑤

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24번 Food, as we all know, is essential for human life. 29번 Changes in the degree of closeness are quite
It also is the basis for several major industries found in important in managing emotional intensity. ① Take, for
many countries around the world such as in agriculture, example, emotions induced by television. Closeness and
food processing, food retailing and food service. ① For familiarity are important in making the fictional environment
millennia, the focus of those involved with food as a more real. ② Accordingly, most TV shows are set in the
human and economic phenomenon was on its production, present or in a time within the memory of the viewers. ③
preservation, distribution, pricing and other practical Such closeness and familiarity make it easier for us to
concerns. ② But in the late 18th century this began to perceive the imaginary story to be a real one. In other
change. Food became more than just a life necessity. ③ circumstances, such as when violence is shown on TV,
Restaurants began to be developed, initially in France but the closeness variable is used to reduce emotional
eventually in other nations, as a distinct institution intensity. ④ Television entertainment tends to place social
offering people dining choices and table service, the problems involving violence in another time and place,
opportunity for socialization and, over time, a finer and letting us watch those fictionalized characters search for
finer atmosphere. ④ Brillat-Savarin is probably the best solutions to our problems in settings safely distanced from
known of the ‘culinary philosophers’ or, in today’s our own. ⑤ When violence occurs in a contemporary
parlance, a ‘foodie’. ⑤ One of Brillat-Savarin’s better setting, it is generally the product of the interaction of
known sayings was, ‘[t]ell me what you eat, and I’ll tell police and criminals - again, it is removed from the lives
you who you are.’ of good citizenry.
29. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?29) 31. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?31)

The rise of restaurants eventually led to a class of Most characters are supposed to be types with whom we
diners who prided themselves on being critics of taste, are familiar.
food and cooking.
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

30번 Gaining an audience for your writing involves not

Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. just finding a voice but ensuring that voice resonates with
26번 Mary Budd Rowe was best known for her your intended readers. Entrepreneurs understand the
achievements in science education. When she was a importance of building a brand that makes them
middle school student, she met Albert Einstein and was memorable and distinct from their competitors, drawing
inspired by him to study science. ① In 1954, she customers to their products or services. ① They achieve
graduated from the University of California at Berkeley this by pinpointing their target audience, crafting a unique
with a master’s degree in zoology. ② Then she earned value proposition, and shaping a recognizable identity. ②
her doctorate degree in science education from Stanford While scholars might initially find these entrepreneurial
University in 1964. ③ Through her research, Rowe concepts alien, they actually engage in similar practices
discovered that learning could be improved by increasing when they set themselves apart in their academic writing.
teachers’ average “wait time” for students’ responses. ④ ③ The challenge, as Labaree suggests, is not just in
During her career, she directed a science education developing innovative ideas but in cultivating a distinctive
program in Harlem. She also served as President of the voice that makes readers think, “Ah, this sounds like [the
National Science Teachers Association. ⑤ Throughout her author].” ④ It’s about balancing the expression of your
career, she practiced Einstein’s advice, “Science is ideas with the development of a unique voice that leaves
exploring, and exploring is fun.” When she died in 1996, a lasting impression on your audience. ⑤
she was remembered as one of the leading figures in the 32. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?32)
field of science education.
Consider the typical literature review and motivation
30. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?30) section of a scholarly article ― the aim is to highlight
In 1990, she published her book, The Process of gaps in existing research and position oneself as the one
Knowing. who will address these overlooked areas.

① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

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Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

31번 ① The human psychology and education 33번 When we narrow, we’re redirecting all of our
communities (as well as some animal researchers!) have computing power to the handful of processes that matter.
been against referring to “teaching” when describing It’s as if to help with our slow Wi-Fi, we disconnect our
social learning in animals, mainly because teaching phone and tablet, just so that our video conference call
implies a level of intentionality on the part of the model won’t lag. ① It cuts out all of the other distractions and
that is difficult to measure in animals. ② For example, places the most important goal front and center. ② When
skilled ants engage in a behavior called tandem running, we home in, we increase motivational intensity,
in which they touch their bodies to the body of a novice reinforcing that what’s in front of us is what we should
ant as they lay down chemical trails, presumably to assist be after. ③ For a brief moment, the trade-off can be
the newcomer with route learning. ③ Killer whales also worthwhile, but when we remain zoomed in for too long,
repeat the same seal hunting technique in front of their we start to miss cues and signals. ④ We get locked in
offspring, sometimes without even killing the seal, leading on one path without being able to step back and see a
researchers to ask why they would repeatedly catch and better route. When we’re stuck narrowed in for too long,
release a seal if they were not planning to eat it. ④ accidents go up and performance drops. ⑤ We miss
Considering the amount of energy they’d have to expend, hearing alarms that signal there’s a problem elsewhere.
there would need to be a good reason, and that reason 35. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?35)
might be teaching. ⑤
Narrowing also helps with goal attainment.
33. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?33)

Nonetheless, there has been a movement within the ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

animal cognition community to say that animals can, in
fact, teach one another.
Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

34번 One word is inextricably associated with geography:

① ② ③ ④ ⑤ where. That is because geography starts from the premise
that it matters where something takes place on Earth’s
Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. surface. The key questions are not simply “where”
32번 Writers often give us the impression that they have questions, though; they are “why there” and “so what”
described the faces of their characters, when in fact they questions. ① Getting to such questions means taking
have simply given you an outline to fill in. ① Of Esch, spatial arrangements, variations, and interconnections
the most important character in Hermann Broch’s seriously. ② Engaging in even the simplest day-to-day
masterpiece The Sleepwalkers, we learn only that he has activity requires some appreciation of spatial
big teeth. ② Even so, we don’t feel as if his face is a circumstances ― where to find food and services, how to
dentate blankness. ③ Most often, we mistake being told get to work places, and the like. ③ Moving up in scale,
what effect someone’s appearance has for an account of without some awareness of how phenomena are arranged
that appearance. ④ Actually it is a rather clever way out on Earth’s surface, it is difficult to make reasoned
of an intractable problem. ⑤ When, in one of his novels, business or policy judgments, make sense of events, or
Evelyn Waugh says of a new character, that ‘he had just grasp some of the basic forces shaping life on the planet.
the kind of appearance one would expect a young man ④ Locating a new store or public service requires taking
of his type to have’ and nothing else, you still feel as if into consideration population distributions, the location of
you have been told exactly what he looks like. roads and utilities, socio-economic patterns, and more. ⑤
34. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?34) 36. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?36)

The poet Mallarmé’s advice ― Peindre non la chose, Understanding why and where migration happens requires
mais l’effet qu’elle produit (‘Paint not the thing itself but consideration of the political organization of territory, the
the effect it produces’) sounds like a self-denying spatial consequences of discrimination, socio-economic
ordinance. patterns, and the layout of the physical environment.

① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

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35번 A genuine glacier must be permanent. ① Generally, 37번 A good example of chaos is the magnetic
this implies that sufficient fresh snow must accumulate pendulum sold as an executive toy. It has four magnets
during the cold months to offset melting during the arranged in a square at the base and a pendulum that
summer, although on a year-to-year basis, glaciers may swings back and forth between them. ① Release the
expand or contract, depending on local and global climatic pendulum and note the magnets that it visits, and in what
conditions. ② Today, most glaciers around the world are order. ② If the pendulum is released from the same
melting because of the warming climate, and it appears that position a second time, the pattern of movement may at
the rate of melting is accelerating. ③ Even over periods as first be the same but soon it will become completely
short as a few decades, satellite images show that dramatic different. In fact, the pattern of its movement is chaotic.
reduction of mountain glaciers has occurred in the Andes, ③ No matter how much care is taken to start the
the Himalayas, and elsewhere. ④ It is estimated that many pendulum in the same position, it will visit an entirely
small mountain glaciers will disappear completely within ten different set of points on the two occasions. ④ In order
to twenty years unless there is a sudden and unexpected to produce chaos, the iteration has to be within what is
change in the present warming trend. ⑤ called a nonlinear system. ⑤ Nor are all nonlinear
37. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?37) systems chaotic: to become so they need to be pushed
beyond a certain point, called a bifurcation. Before that
This has been documented spectacularly in places such
point is reached they may behave in a quite orderly
as the Alps, where historical records have been kept and
fashion.
dated sketches and photographs are available to compare
with the present extent of ice. 39. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?39)

Chaotic systems are generated by iteration, though not

① ② ③ ④ ⑤ all iteration leads to chaos.

① ② ③ ④ ⑤
Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

36번 If we take an evolutionary look at our beginnings, Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

we see a life in which high levels of physical activity 38번 Research finds that people show a strong visceral
were required for survival. ① Even one century ago, most interest in and desire to approach and own cute-looking
people needed to be physically active to work, to travel, and beautiful (elegant) designs. ① A cute product or
and to take care of homes and families. ② There are package design elicits a nurturing motivation ― a desire
fewer manual jobs, we do not need to travel on foot, we to take care of and keep the product, to hold it dear to
do not need to hunt and harvest for our food, and many our hearts and never let it go. ② The beautiful product or
domestic chores have been mechanized. ③ While these package design elicits a self-expressive, or signaling,
changes have created many benefits for our longevity and motivation ― a desire to express oneself to others
quality of life, they have also created many problems. ④ through product ownership. ③ But cute and beautiful
Lack of sufficient physical activity has now been linked to designs also have downsides. ④ Certain types of cute
at least 17 unhealthy conditions, almost all of which are products can be associated with a lack of sophistication
chronic diseases or considered risk factors for chronic or seriousness, which can reduce performance
diseases. ⑤ Adrianne Hardman has summarized this expectations (lowering perceived enablement benefits). ⑤
serious situation for public health: “Physical inactivity is a Beautiful-looking designs may not attract attention over
waste of human potential for health and well-being.” time because people become desensitized to them.
38. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?38) 40. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?40)
Our modern world has engineered such activity out of However, cute and beautiful designs elicit two very
our lives. different motivations.

① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

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39번 Researchers are studying how our everyday 41~42번 In technological design, an aspiration towards
physical experiences in the world contribute to our seamlessness aims to make the technological experience
understanding of mathematical concepts. ① The for humans blend seamlessly into our everyday lives. ①
experience of walking along a path, for example, can be Essentially, this aspiration aims towards experiences
a metaphor for thinking about arithmetic. ② The path where people are no longer aware of the technology, the
starts at some point 0 and as children walk along, every interface or the differences between human-technology
step takes them 1 unit further from the starting point; and human-human interaction. ② Considering the
they can even take half steps or skip along two steps at metaphor of seams in clothing, we can say that we
a time. ③ If they want to imagine what it might mean to aspire to seamless aesthetics by stitching the seams
add 5 and 9, they could think of first walking 9 steps closely, pressing them flat and making sure they are
and then walking 5 more. ④ But that also helps them hidden on the inside so that we wear clothing rather than
think about what 14-3 might mean because they can pieces of fabric. ③ For example, in interface design, an
imagine walking backwards. ⑤ If they close their eyes, aspiration towards seamlessness ensures the experience
they might even imagine the shape of the path, the smell for the user flows and is not stressful or irritating. Most
of the trees, and the sound that is made when they step of us would have had experiences of poor interface
on the dried leaves. designs or apps in workplaces that make things more
41. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?41) complicated and irritating, and have longed for more
seamless interfaces. ④ Technological seamlessness can
They might be sitting still as they imagine all of this
also include less visible screens in new technologies, or
walking back and forth along their path; but they are
virtual reality technologies with a seamless technological
reliving, at least in their imagination, the movement of
design. ⑤ The aim is to immerse the user experience
their feet.
such that the visual interaction might be described as
inside the screen rather than a body interacting with a
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
digital console or object as separate entities. Similarly,
seamlessness in humanoid robotic design aims to make
Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. humanoids indistinguishable from a human body.
40번 A serious deterioration in people’s working lives
43. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?43)
would be deeply disturbing to the social order. Indeed,
When designers and engineers talk about technological
few consequences of technological change would be as
seamlessness, they are often referring to ease of use
dangerous. ① Technological unemployment would weaken
and convenience.
that longstanding arrangement, encouraging an even more
extreme version of inequality in which some people
receive more income than others and many receive ① ② ③ ④ ⑤
nothing at all. ② Nor would the disturbance be only
economic. ③ For many people, their work is both a
source of income and of meaning. ④ And with that in
mind, the threat is even broader: not only that the labor
market might be hollowed out, leaving some unable to
find a good job and a reliable income, but that this
sense of fulfilment that some people are fortunate to feel
in their jobs might be hollowed out as well, leaving them
unable to find purpose and live a satisfying life. ⑤
42. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?42)

Today, the world of work is the main way that we share

out the fruits of growth: for most people, their job is
their main, if not their only, source of income.

① ② ③ ④ ⑤

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Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

43~45번 “Hi! I’m over here!” shouted Laura, waving

brightly at Cathy at the entrance of Darlingdale Farmer’s
Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.
Market. Seeing her friend, Cathy rushed over in delight. 18번 To Whom It May Concern,
① Cathy had recently moved into Laura’s town, and this I recently visited the Lambsford History Foundation’s
was going to be her first experience at a real farmer’s exhibition about the Qukkon Gold Rush. ① The collection
market. Born and raised in a big city, where large of pictures, tools, and historical documents made the
supermarkets were more common, Cathy had never had a gold miners arriving to Qukkon come to life. ② This
chance to buy freshly-picked fruits or vegetables. ② reminded me of when I lived in Qukkon and worked in
Entering the market, Laura said, “Let me show you the mining industry. ③ I can share my experiences
around. Are you ready?” Cathy answered excitedly, working in the extreme cold of Qukkon. ④ Again, I would
“Absolutely! I’m going to buy some fresh peaches!” The be thankful if you could tell me about the availability of
market was already crowded with people of all ages. volunteer positions as a guide. ⑤
“Cathy, you can taste the best of the season here,” said Sincerely, Jonathan Hamilton
Laura. Cathy smiled and began to look around. ③
45. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?45)
Meanwhile, Laura found some strawberry jam for sale.
She walked over to buy some. Curious to explore more, Because of this, I’m wondering if there are volunteer

Cathy said, “While you’re buying jam, I’ll look around the guide positions available for this exhibition.

market and get some peaches.” ④ From a fruit stand,

she picked out some beautiful, ripe peaches. The fruit ① ② ③ ④ ⑤
seller told her, “Those peaches are a great choice
because they’re only here until this week. If you miss
them now, you’ll have to wait another year for the
season.” Hearing that, Cathy said, “Oh, I’ll get some
more then! They’re really cheap!” She bought two bags
of peaches. ⑤ Carrying the bags of peaches, Cathy Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

came back and noticed Laura holding a box of 19번 The shoreline was known for having the best
blueberries and jars of jam. “Cathy, those peaches look fishing spots on the lake. ① Jessie was sitting at one of
delicious! I bought some blueberries. Would you like to those spots, but her fishing line still hadn’t moved an
go to my place and make blueberry pancakes together?” inch. ② With a deep sigh, Jessie pulled out the line and
Laura asked. “Yes, that’s an excellent idea!” replied cast it back into the water. ③ Her dream of catching a
Cathy happily. As they walked out of the market, Cathy big fish was fading. “I can’t believe I haven’t caught a
thanked her friend for the special experience, saying “I fish yet. Not a single one,” she thought. ④ Just as she
really love this place! Thank you for the wonderful day.” was about to give up and leave, the fishing line suddenly

44. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?44) became tense. ⑤ Her eyes widened and her heart began
to beat faster with excitement. With a big smile, she
Wandering away from Laura, Cathy began to search for
could feel that this was the biggest fish she had ever
peaches. Cathy walked past booths of fresh flowers and
caught!
hand-made soaps, which smelled heavenly.
46. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?46)

① ② ③ ④ ⑤ Jessie excitedly held onto the fishing pole as it began

to move around wildly.

① ② ③ ④ ⑤

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Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

20번 Our ability to respond to danger has been 22번 Information and meaning are, clearly, not the same
important for survival, so feeling worried in uncertain thing. ① This applies to any type of information, from
situations is normal. Feelings of worry, which are alarm signals to sophisticated statements. ② Take, for
activated in anticipation of future events, are often instance, a coin-tossing game in which it is decided that
experienced in everyday situations. ① For example, we throwing three heads in a row constitutes a win. ③ If a
may feel nervous imagining unlikely events, such as a certain player ends up consistently with the desired
computer crashing during an important presentation. ② outcome, defeating all who challenge that player, then we
When our worries exceed our control, however, they tend to interpret the outcome either as the work of
cause us unnecessary suffering. ③ Consider how many Fortune, or else as clever and undetectable cheating on
times you have lost sleep thinking about a terrible the part of the winning player. ④ Interpretation is at the
situation, which, in the end, did not actually take place. core of everything we do, think about, and feel. ⑤
④ If that situation actually occurred, it only goes to show 49. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?49)
that worrying about it did nothing to prevent it from
The former refers to uninterpreted data or sensory states
happening. ⑤ It is worth making a conscious effort, then,
whose probability in a certain situation can be easily
to stop worrying endlessly about events you may not
measured; the latter refers to the interpretation of the
experience.
data or sensory states, including the special kinds of
47. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?47) nuances and values that the information entails, or is
To some extent, thinking through potential scenarios can intended to have, in the given situation.
be helpful.
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
① ② ③ ④ ⑤

Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

23번 The purpose of class discussions is to encourage

Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. you to be an active participant, not a passive recorder.
21번 Basing your self-worth on climbing performance Much of the emphasis in a discussion is on getting
puts you at the whim of external factors. These factors students involved in thinking, reacting, and responding. ①
may be random and misleading. ① Comparison is one These are important intellectual activities in the learning
source of illusion. Perhaps you felt that you performed process, for through them you are supposed to discover
well on a certain climb because your partner was having and express your opinions. ② Writing is an invaluable
an off day and found the climbing very difficult. ② You tool for accomplishing these tasks. Unfortunately, too
found it only slightly difficult and conclude that you were many times, when class discussion begins, pens and
climbing quite well, when in fact you were climbing no pencils go down. ③ Admittedly, it is considerably more
better than usual. Or, your partner was at the top of his difficult to take notes from discussions than from
game. ③ You felt weak in comparison, when in fact, lectures, for, unlike lectures, discussions tend to be
objectively, you put in a very strong performance. ④ disorganized and difficult to follow. ④ And if you are an
Environmental factors may be involved. Perhaps you active participant, it is not easy to take notes and
mastered your day’s objective due to especially favorable formulate what you want to say. ⑤ But note taking in
conditions, such as low humidity, when in fact, you really discussions is not only manageable, it is also important.
didn’t climb particularly well. ⑤ If the performances boost Note taking helps to keep you active and alert; it allows
your self-worth, the boost is grounded in fiction. you to impose some organization on the discussion; and
48. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?48) it can prepare you to speak.
In all these cases, the good or bad feelings you have 50. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?50)
are not based on something you can take credit for. Also, students usually don’t know how much of what
other students are saying is important.
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
① ② ③ ④ ⑤

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Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

24번 Food, as we all know, is essential for human life. 29번 Changes in the degree of closeness are quite
It also is the basis for several major industries found in important in managing emotional intensity. ① Take, for
many countries around the world such as in agriculture, example, emotions induced by television. Closeness and
food processing, food retailing and food service. ① But familiarity are important in making the fictional environment
in the late 18th century this began to change. Food more real. ② Accordingly, most TV shows are set in the
became more than just a life necessity. ② Restaurants present or in a time within the memory of the viewers.
began to be developed, initially in France but eventually Most characters are supposed to be types with whom we
in other nations, as a distinct institution offering people are familiar. ③ Such closeness and familiarity make it
dining choices and table service, the opportunity for easier for us to perceive the imaginary story to be a real
socialization and, over time, a finer and finer atmosphere. one. ④ In other circumstances, such as when violence is
③ The rise of restaurants eventually led to a class of shown on TV, the closeness variable is used to reduce
diners who prided themselves on being critics of taste, emotional intensity. ⑤ When violence occurs in a
food and cooking. ④ Brillat-Savarin is probably the best contemporary setting, it is generally the product of the
known of the ‘culinary philosophers’ or, in today’s interaction of police and criminals - again, it is removed
parlance, a ‘foodie’. ⑤ One of Brillat-Savarin’s better from the lives of good citizenry.
known sayings was, ‘[t]ell me what you eat, and I’ll tell 53. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?53)
you who you are.’
Television entertainment tends to place social problems
51. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?51) involving violence in another time and place, letting us
For millennia, the focus of those involved with food as watch those fictionalized characters search for solutions to
a human and economic phenomenon was on its our problems in settings safely distanced from our own.
production, preservation, distribution, pricing and other
practical concerns. ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
30번 Gaining an audience for your writing involves not
just finding a voice but ensuring that voice resonates with
Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. your intended readers. Entrepreneurs understand the
26번 Mary Budd Rowe was best known for her importance of building a brand that makes them
achievements in science education. When she was a memorable and distinct from their competitors, drawing
middle school student, she met Albert Einstein and was customers to their products or services. ① They achieve
inspired by him to study science. ① In 1954, she this by pinpointing their target audience, crafting a unique
graduated from the University of California at Berkeley value proposition, and shaping a recognizable identity. ②
with a master’s degree in zoology. ② Then she earned Consider the typical literature review and motivation
her doctorate degree in science education from Stanford section of a scholarly article ― the aim is to highlight
University in 1964. ③ During her career, she directed a gaps in existing research and position oneself as the one
science education program in Harlem. She also served as who will address these overlooked areas. ③ The
President of the National Science Teachers Association. challenge, as Labaree suggests, is not just in developing
④ In 1990, she published her book, The Process of innovative ideas but in cultivating a distinctive voice that
Knowing. Throughout her career, she practiced Einstein’s makes readers think, “Ah, this sounds like [the author].”
advice, “Science is exploring, and exploring is fun.” ⑤ ④ It’s about balancing the expression of your ideas with
When she died in 1996, she was remembered as one of the development of a unique voice that leaves a lasting
the leading figures in the field of science education. impression on your audience. ⑤
52. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?52) 54. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?54)

Through her research, Rowe discovered that learning While scholars might initially find these entrepreneurial
could be improved by increasing teachers’ average “wait concepts alien, they actually engage in similar practices
time” for students’ responses. when they set themselves apart in their academic writing.

① ② ③ ④ ⑤
① ② ③ ④ ⑤

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Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

31번 ① The human psychology and education 33번 When we narrow, we’re redirecting all of our
communities (as well as some animal researchers!) have computing power to the handful of processes that matter.
been against referring to “teaching” when describing ① It’s as if to help with our slow Wi-Fi, we disconnect
social learning in animals, mainly because teaching our phone and tablet, just so that our video conference
implies a level of intentionality on the part of the model call won’t lag. ② Narrowing also helps with goal
that is difficult to measure in animals. ② Nonetheless, attainment. It cuts out all of the other distractions and
there has been a movement within the animal cognition places the most important goal front and center. ③ When
community to say that animals can, in fact, teach one we home in, we increase motivational intensity,
another. ③ For example, skilled ants engage in a reinforcing that what’s in front of us is what we should
behavior called tandem running, in which they touch their be after. ④ We get locked in on one path without being
bodies to the body of a novice ant as they lay down able to step back and see a better route. When we’re
chemical trails, presumably to assist the newcomer with stuck narrowed in for too long, accidents go up and
route learning. ④ Considering the amount of energy performance drops. ⑤ We miss hearing alarms that signal
they’d have to expend, there would need to be a good there’s a problem elsewhere.
reason, and that reason might be teaching. ⑤ 57. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?57)
55. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?55) For a brief moment, the trade-off can be worthwhile,
Killer whales also repeat the same seal hunting but when we remain zoomed in for too long, we start to
technique in front of their offspring, sometimes without miss cues and signals.
even killing the seal, leading researchers to ask why they
would repeatedly catch and release a seal if they were ① ② ③ ④ ⑤
not planning to eat it.
Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

34번 One word is inextricably associated with geography:

① ② ③ ④ ⑤
where. That is because geography starts from the
premise that it matters where something takes place on
Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. Earth’s surface. The key questions are not simply “where”
32번 Writers often give us the impression that they have questions, though; they are “why there” and “so what”
described the faces of their characters, when in fact they questions. ① Engaging in even the simplest day-to-day
have simply given you an outline to fill in. ① Of Esch, activity requires some appreciation of spatial
the most important character in Hermann Broch’s circumstances ― where to find food and services, how to
masterpiece The Sleepwalkers, we learn only that he has get to work places, and the like. ② Moving up in scale,
big teeth. ② Most often, we mistake being told what without some awareness of how phenomena are arranged
effect someone’s appearance has for an account of that on Earth’s surface, it is difficult to make reasoned
appearance. ③ The poet Mallarmé’s advice ― Peindre business or policy judgments, make sense of events, or
non la chose, mais l’effet qu’elle produit (‘Paint not the grasp some of the basic forces shaping life on the
thing itself but the effect it produces’) sounds like a planet. ③ Locating a new store or public service requires
self-denying ordinance. ④ Actually it is a rather clever taking into consideration population distributions, the
way out of an intractable problem. ⑤ When, in one of location of roads and utilities, socio-economic patterns,
his novels, Evelyn Waugh says of a new character, that and more. ④ Understanding why and where migration
‘he had just the kind of appearance one would expect a happens requires consideration of the political
young man of his type to have’ and nothing else, you organization of territory, the spatial consequences of
still feel as if you have been told exactly what he looks discrimination, socio-economic patterns, and the layout
like. of the physical environment. ⑤
56. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?56) 58. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?58)
Even so, we don’t feel as if his face is a dentate Getting to such questions means taking spatial
blankness. arrangements, variations, and interconnections seriously.

① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

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35번 A genuine glacier must be permanent. ① Generally, 37번 A good example of chaos is the magnetic
this implies that sufficient fresh snow must accumulate pendulum sold as an executive toy. It has four magnets
during the cold months to offset melting during the arranged in a square at the base and a pendulum that
summer, although on a year-to-year basis, glaciers may swings back and forth between them. ① Release the
expand or contract, depending on local and global pendulum and note the magnets that it visits, and in what
climatic conditions. ② Today, most glaciers around the order. ② In fact, the pattern of its movement is chaotic.
world are melting because of the warming climate, and it No matter how much care is taken to start the pendulum
appears that the rate of melting is accelerating. ③ This in the same position, it will visit an entirely different set
has been documented spectacularly in places such as the of points on the two occasions. ③ Chaotic systems are
Alps, where historical records have been kept and dated generated by iteration, though not all iteration leads to
sketches and photographs are available to compare with chaos. In order to produce chaos, the iteration has to be
the present extent of ice. ④ Even over periods as short within what is called a nonlinear system. ④ Nor are all
as a few decades, satellite images show that dramatic nonlinear systems chaotic: to become so they need to be
reduction of mountain glaciers has occurred in the Andes, pushed beyond a certain point, called a bifurcation. ⑤
the Himalayas, and elsewhere. ⑤ Before that point is reached they may behave in a quite
59. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?59) orderly fashion.

It is estimated that many small mountain glaciers will 61. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?61)

disappear completely within ten to twenty years unless If the pendulum is released from the same position a
there is a sudden and unexpected change in the present second time, the pattern of movement may at first be the
warming trend. same but soon it will become completely different.

① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ① ② ③ ④ ⑤

Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

36번 If we take an evolutionary look at our beginnings, 38번 Research finds that people show a strong visceral
we see a life in which high levels of physical activity interest in and desire to approach and own cute-looking
were required for survival. ① Even one century ago, most and beautiful (elegant) designs. ① However, cute and
people needed to be physically active to work, to travel, beautiful designs elicit two very different motivations. ② A
and to take care of homes and families. ② Our modern cute product or package design elicits a nurturing
world has engineered such activity out of our lives. ③ motivation ― a desire to take care of and keep the
While these changes have created many benefits for our product, to hold it dear to our hearts and never let it go.
longevity and quality of life, they have also created many ③ The beautiful product or package design elicits a
problems. ④ Lack of sufficient physical activity has now self-expressive, or signaling, motivation ― a desire to
been linked to at least 17 unhealthy conditions, almost all express oneself to others through product ownership. But
of which are chronic diseases or considered risk factors cute and beautiful designs also have downsides. ④
for chronic diseases. ⑤ Adrianne Hardman has Beautiful-looking designs may not attract attention over
summarized this serious situation for public health: time because people become desensitized to them. ⑤
“Physical inactivity is a waste of human potential for 62. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?62)
health and well-being.”
Certain types of cute products can be associated with a
60. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?60) lack of sophistication or seriousness, which can reduce
There are fewer manual jobs, we do not need to travel performance expectations (lowering perceived enablement
on foot, we do not need to hunt and harvest for our benefits).
food, and many domestic chores have been mechanized.
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
① ② ③ ④ ⑤

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Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

39번 Researchers are studying how our everyday 41~42번 In technological design, an aspiration towards
physical experiences in the world contribute to our seamlessness aims to make the technological experience
understanding of mathematical concepts. ① The path for humans blend seamlessly into our everyday lives. ①
starts at some point 0 and as children walk along, every Essentially, this aspiration aims towards experiences
step takes them 1 unit further from the starting point; where people are no longer aware of the technology, the
they can even take half steps or skip along two steps at interface or the differences between human-technology
a time. ② If they want to imagine what it might mean to and human-human interaction. ② Considering the
add 5 and 9, they could think of first walking 9 steps metaphor of seams in clothing, we can say that we
and then walking 5 more. ③ But that also helps them aspire to seamless aesthetics by stitching the seams
think about what 14-3 might mean because they can closely, pressing them flat and making sure they are
imagine walking backwards. ④ They might be sitting still hidden on the inside so that we wear clothing rather than
as they imagine all of this walking back and forth along pieces of fabric. ③ When designers and engineers talk
their path; but they are reliving, at least in their about technological seamlessness, they are often referring
imagination, the movement of their feet. ⑤ If they close to ease of use and convenience. ④ For example, in
their eyes, they might even imagine the shape of the interface design, an aspiration towards seamlessness
path, the smell of the trees, and the sound that is made ensures the experience for the user flows and is not
when they step on the dried leaves. stressful or irritating. ⑤ Technological seamlessness can
63. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?63) also include less visible screens in new technologies, or
virtual reality technologies with a seamless technological
The experience of walking along a path, for example,
design. The aim is to immerse the user experience such
can be a metaphor for thinking about arithmetic.
that the visual interaction might be described as inside
the screen rather than a body interacting with a digital
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
console or object as separate entities. Similarly,
seamlessness in humanoid robotic design aims to make
Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오. humanoids indistinguishable from a human body.
40번 A serious deterioration in people’s working lives
65. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?65)
would be deeply disturbing to the social order. Indeed,
Most of us would have had experiences of poor
few consequences of technological change would be as
interface designs or apps in workplaces that make things
dangerous. ① Today, the world of work is the main way
more complicated and irritating, and have longed for
that we share out the fruits of growth: for most people,
more seamless interfaces.
their job is their main, if not their only, source of income.
② Technological unemployment would weaken that
longstanding arrangement, encouraging an even more ① ② ③ ④ ⑤
extreme version of inequality in which some people
receive more income than others and many receive
nothing at all. ③ For many people, their work is both a
source of income and of meaning. ④ And with that in
mind, the threat is even broader: not only that the labor
market might be hollowed out, leaving some unable to
find a good job and a reliable income, but that this
sense of fulfilment that some people are fortunate to feel
in their jobs might be hollowed out as well, leaving them
unable to find purpose and live a satisfying life. ⑤
64. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?64)

Nor would the disturbance be only economic.

① ② ③ ④ ⑤

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11 2025년 6월 (2025.06.04 시행)
풀면서 외워지는
단계 내신대비 변형문제 고3 모의고사 글의흐름중점 변형66문제
Φ 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

43~45번 “Hi! I’m over here!” shouted Laura, waving

brightly at Cathy at the entrance of Darlingdale Farmer’s
Market. Seeing her friend, Cathy rushed over in delight.
① Cathy had recently moved into Laura’s town, and this
was going to be her first experience at a real farmer’s
market. Born and raised in a big city, where large
supermarkets were more common, Cathy had never had a
chance to buy freshly-picked fruits or vegetables. ② The
market was already crowded with people of all ages.
“Cathy, you can taste the best of the season here,” said
Laura. Cathy smiled and began to look around.
Meanwhile, Laura found some strawberry jam for sale.
She walked over to buy some. Curious to explore more,
Cathy said, “While you’re buying jam, I’ll look around the
market and get some peaches.” ③ Wandering away from
Laura, Cathy began to search for peaches. Cathy walked
past booths of fresh flowers and hand-made soaps,
which smelled heavenly. From a fruit stand, she picked
out some beautiful, ripe peaches. The fruit seller told her,
“Those peaches are a great choice because they’re only
here until this week. If you miss them now, you’ll have to
wait another year for the season.” ④ Hearing that, Cathy
said, “Oh, I’ll get some more then! They’re really cheap!”
She bought two bags of peaches. Carrying the bags of
peaches, Cathy came back and noticed Laura holding a
box of blueberries and jars of jam. “Cathy, those
peaches look delicious! I bought some blueberries. Would
you like to go to my place and make blueberry pancakes
together?” ⑤ Laura asked. “Yes, that’s an excellent
idea!” replied Cathy happily. As they walked out of the
market, Cathy thanked her friend for the special
experience, saying “I really love this place! Thank you for
the wonderful day.”
66. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?66)

Entering the market, Laura said, “Let me show you

around. Are you ready?” Cathy answered excitedly,
“Absolutely! I’m going to buy some fresh peaches!”

① ② ③ ④ ⑤

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 11 2025년 6월 (2025.06.04 시행)
풀면서 외워지는
단계 내신대비 변형문제 고3 모의고사 글의흐름중점 변형66문제

정답
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