اﻻﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻣﺳﺎﻋدة
زمن المضارع البسٌط
Simple Present Tense
يبرا َؼُ ٙببنضيٍ انًضبسع انبسٛظ؟
?)What do we mean by (Simple Present
ْٕ :انفؼم انزي َسخخذيّ نهخحذد ػٍ حذد يؼٍٍ ال ٌحذد فً انًاضً بم ٌحذد اٌَ فً األٔقاث انحانٍت
ْٔزا انحذد ٌحذد بخكشاس أٔ ػادة أٔ إَّ حقٍقت رابخت الحخغٍش أٔ شًء يٍ انًخؼاسف ػهٍّ أَّ صحٍح,
ٔانًضاسع انًسخًش present ٔالبذ أٌ َفشق بٍٍ انًضاسع انبسٍظ Present simple
continuous.
طشٚقت حصشٚف أ صٛبغت انفؼم ف ٙانضيٍ انًضبسع
?How to form simple present
حصشف االفؼال فً ْزا انزيٍ طبقا نُٕع انفاػم فارا كاٌ انفاػم يفشدا فاٌ انفؼم ٌاخز ( )sانشخص
انزانذ ,ايا اارا كاٌ انفاػم جًؼا فال ٌاخز اي شًء أي َضٍف ( )sانشخص انزانذ فً َٓاٌت انفؼم ارا
حٕفش ششطاٌ:
She, he, it ارا كاٌ انفاػم ضًٍش يفشد
اسى يفشد Ali, the boy, the girl, the dog, the building …. etc.
يا ٌؼٕض ػٍ انضًائش ٔاالسًاء
)My little sister (she
)The CD player (it
Everybody, everyone, Somebody, Someone, Anybody,
Nobody, No one )(She, he
One, Who, That, Which, This )(He, she, it
Sandra is a girl who (=she) knows what she wants.
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One of the two girls (=one girl) works in a supermarket.
Something (=it) tells me she will not come back.
What (= a thing – something) happens next?
Everybody (=any person) loves somebody sometimes.
) اانشخص انزبنذs( فٛ فال َضwill, can, may : ارا جبء فؼم يسبػذ يزم
She will play
) انشخص انزبنذs( فؼُذ اضبفتsh, ch, s, ss, z ارا اَخٓٗ انفؼم انًضبسع انًفشد ببنصٕث
:)es( فَٛض
pass = passes / wash = washes / fix = fixes / watch =
watches
)a, i, e, o u ( ) ٔكبٌ قبهّ احذ حشٔف انؼهتy( ظ ببنحشفٛارا اَخٓٗ انفؼم انًضبسع انبس
: )y( ش الٛ) انشخص انزبنذ ال َغs( فؼُذ اضبفت
play = plays boy = boys / say = says / buy = buys
) انشخصs( كٍ قبهّ حشف ػهٗ فؼذ اضبفتٚ ) ٔنىy( ايب ارا اَخٓٗ انفؼم انًضبسع انًفشد بحشف
:) يزمi( ٗ) انy( ش الٛانزبنذ َغ
cry = cries / study = studies / worry = worries / fly =
flies
... ) انشخص انزبنذ نهفؼم ارا كبٌ انفبػمs( ضبفٚ ال
) I , we, you, they ( ضًٍش جًغ يزم
my sister and I, people, my parents, these, ( اسى جًغ يزم
)cars … etc
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جًٍغ االسًاء انًفشدة انخً حشبظ باداة انشبظ ) )andحؼايم يؼايهت انجًغ يزم
Mary and john sell eggs and potatoes in the market on
Wednesday.
( )Sانشخص انزبنذ - Third Person -
كم شخص ٌخكهى ٌسًى انًخكهى ْٕٔ (انشخص االٔل ) ُْٔا ال َضٍف ( )sانشخص انزانذ I play
كم شخص حخكهى يؼّ ٌسًى انًخاطب ْٕٔ (انشخص انزاًَ) ُْٔا اٌضا ال َضٍف ( )sانشخص انزانذ
(اَج حهؼب) You play
ايا انشخص انزانذ فٕٓ ال انًخكهى ٔال انًخاطب ( اي ال اَا ٔال اَج ) ْٔـُا َضٍف ( )sانشخص انـزانذ
انى َٓاٌت انًضاسع ٔكًا يٕضح فً اػالِ .
Sara plays, his sister plays, he plays
يخٗ َسخخذو انفؼم انًضبسع انبسٛظ؟
?When to use the present simple
ٚسخخذو انفؼم انًضبسع انبسٛظ نهخؼبٛشػٍ:
ػبدة أ سٔحٚ ٍٛفؼهّ انفبػم (ف ٙانجًهت) كم فخشة ببَخظبو -Repeated Actions or Habits-
They go to school every day.
We always go to the club.
She takes a shower every Friday.
حقبئق ( ) Factsػبيت ف ٙانكٌٕ أ حقبئق ػهًٛت ( شٙء حقٛقٔ ٙال ٚخغٛش ابذاً).
The sun rises from the east.
The earth moves around the sun.
Cats love milk.
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:ٓب إرُبٌ يزبلٛخخهف ػهٚ انؼًٕو ٔالٙحت فٛبء َؼشف أَٓب صحٛ أش
Nurses look after the patients in hospitals.
: انًسخقبم يزمٙت االٌ ٔيٍ انًحخًم اٌ ىخسخًش فٛقٛبء حقٛ أش
John is a teacher.
Ahmad works at a hospital.
ظٛانكهًبث انذانت ػهٗ انحبضش انبس
Signal words for simple present tense
Adverbs of frequency ظشٔف انخكشاس
((Always دائًا/ often كزٍشا/ usually غانبا/ sometimes احٍاَا/ never
ابذا ever فً ٔقج يا/ rarely َادسا/ scarcely َادسا/ frequently
كزٍشا/ seldom / َادساhardly ever / daily / weekly / monthly))
A man often chooses a wife who is like his mother.
The school seldom pays for the pupil's textbooks.
He always forgets his wallet.
They usually work at 9.00 pm.
I usually get up at 7.00 am.
:تٛت يحذدة يٍ انفخشاث االحُٛ بؼذْب فخشة صيٙأحٚٔ ) (كمevery كهًت -
Year, month, week, day, minute, season, hour, morning, night
:تُٛ بؼذْب فخشة صيٙبحٚ ٌت ػهٗ اٛ انكهًبث انخبن-
Once a يشة ٔاحذة فً كم/ Twice a يشحٍٍ فً كم/ Three times a رالد يشاث كم
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َ -سخخذو انظشف neverف ٙانجًم انًُفٛت فقظ يزم:
He never eats pasta
ْٕ ال ٌأكم انًكشَٔت ابذا
َ -سخخذو انظشف everف ٙاالسخفٓبو يزم:
? Do you ever visit the museum
ْم حزٔس انًخحف فً ٔقج يٍ االٔقاث
Do / Does
انفؼم ٌ doأخز انضًائش I, you, they, weأيا انفؼم ٌ doesأخز انضًائش He, she, it
ٔحخى َُفً حذد يؼٍٍ َضٍف كهًت notإنى Do / Does
Do / Does+ not
I do not like rice.
She does not like rice
كٛف َصٛغ انسؤال ف ٙانًضبسع انبسٛظ؟
?How to form questions in present simple
َضغ انفؼم فً انبذاٌت رى انفاػم َٔكًم بقٍت انجًهت رى َضغ ػاليت اإلسخفٓاو
She is a Muslim
? Is she a Muslim
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Exercises
Complete the sentences using the following verbs:
Drink – live – open - speak
Sarah............. German very well.
I don't often .......... coffee.
The swimming pool ............ at 7.30 every morning.
My parents.............. in a very small flat.
Put the verb into the correct form.
Manal................ (Not / drink) tea very often.
What time............. (The banks / close) here?
I've got a computer, but I................. (Not / use) it much.
Khalid isn't very fit. He.................. (Not / do) any sport.
You ask Sarah questions about herself and her family. Write
the questions.
1- You know that Sarah plays tennis. You want to know how
often. Ask her.
How often...................................... ...................................?
2- Perhaps Sarah's sister plays tennis too. You want to know.
Ask Sarah....................... Your sister...........................?
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Present Continuous Tense
صيٍ انًضبسع انًسخًش
ببنضيٍ انًضبسع انًسخًش؟ُٙيبرا َؼ
What do we mean by the term Continuous Present?
.ٌسخؼًم ْزا انزيٍ ااحؼبٍش ػٍ حذد ٌحصم االٌ ٔال ٌزال يسخًشا (ارُاء نحظت انخكهى) ٔنى ٌُخًٓ بؼذ
يخٗ َسخخذو انفؼم ؟
When to use the Present Continuous
:سخخذو انًضبسع انًسخًشٚ
)ت (ارُبء نحظت انخكهىٛ انهحظت انحبنٙ نٕصف فؼم يسخًش ف
Nasser and Mohammad are playing football now.
They are playing football at this moment.
I cannot see him now, he is making an interview.(now)
She is playing very well today.
ّض نٛٓ حى االػذاد أ انخجٙ نالشبسة انٗ فؼم أ حذد يسخقبه
We are going on holiday tomorrow.
I'm meeting my boyfriend tonight.
Are they visiting you next winter?
نٕصف يٕقف أ حذد يؤقج
He usually plays the drums, but he is playing bass guitar
tonight.
The weather forecast was good, but it is raining at the
moment.
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ِسخخذو يغ كهًبث نفج االَخببٚ كًب
Look/ listen/take care/hurry up/behold
Hurry up! We are reaching the island.
Listen! She is singing
Behold! He is praying now
Take care! It is getting hotter
:ذ سهسهت يسخًشة يٍ االفؼبل انًخكشسةٛ نٕصف ٔحأكAlways, forever, constantly يــغ
Harry and Sally are always arguing!
You are constantly complaining about your mother –in-law!
:تٛسخخذو ػبدة انًضبسع انًسخًش يغ انكهًبث انخبنٚ
Now / at this moment / at present / this week / this
month / this year
My parents are coming to stay with me this weekend.
غت االسخًشاسٛ صٙ ال حسخخذو ػبدة فٙاالفؼبل انخ
ػادة يا َسخخذو االفؼال انٕاسدة فً انقٕائى انٕاسدة فً انصٍغت انبسٍطت فقظ الَٓا حشٍش انى حاالث
.ٔنٍس انى افؼال أ اَشطت ٔػًهٍاث
االدساك/ انحٕاط
Senses
to feel, to hear, to see, to smell, to taste
٘انشأ
Opinion
to assume, to believe, to consider, to doubt, to feel (=to think),
to find (=to consider), to suppose.
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تٚت أ انفكشُْٛانحبالث انز
Mentality
to forget, to imagine, to know, to mean, to notice, to recognize,
to remember, to understand.
انشغببث/ انًشبػش
Feelings/Desires
To envy, to fear, to dislike, to hate, to hope, to like, to love, to
mind, to prefer, to regret, to want, to wish.
بطٛانق
Measurement
to contain, to cost, to hold, to measure, to weigh.
ٖافؼبل اخش
Other Verbs
Resemble (=to look), to seem, to be, to possess (to have).
ٍ انًضبسع انًسخًشٕٚحك
How to form the present Continuous?
am – is – are + verb (ing)
انًضبسع انًسخًش؟ٙ فٙغ األسئهت ٔانُفٛف َصٛك
How to form Questions and negation in Present Continuous
َضغ انفؼم انًساػذ فً انبذاٌت رى انفاػم رى حكًهت انجًهت
((am, is, are + انفاػم+ (( حكًهت انجًهت
He is sleeping = Is he sleeping?
Yes, she is sleeping / yes she is.
No, she is not sleeping / no she is not.
حبنت ٔجٕد ادٔاث االسخفٓبوٙف
Questions words
Why is she sleeping?
Where are they watching a movie?
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(ing( حبنت اضبفت الٙف
: ارا جاء فً َٓاٌت انفؼمe ٌحزف انحشف
Ride = riding / write = writing come = coming
فٛش رى َضٛ ْزِ انحبنت َضبػف انحشف االخٙ ففa-e-i-o-u بـُٙٓخٚ شٛارا كبٌ انحشف قبم االخ
ing
Sit = sitting / run = running / cut = cutting
((Compare))
Present continuous
The water is boiling. Can you turn it off?
Listen to those people. What language are they speaking?
Let's go out. It isn't raining now
I'm getting hungry. Let's go and eat.
The population of the world is increasing very fast.
Present simple
Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
Excuse me, do you speak English?
It doesn't rain very much in summer.
What do you usually do at weekends?
I always get hungry in the afternoon.
Every day the population of the word increases by about
200,000 people.
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Exercise
Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or
present simple:
Julia is very good at language. She ………… (Speak) four
languages very well.
Hurry up! Everybody …………. (Wait) for you.
The River Nile ………….. (Flow) into the Mediterranean.
The river …………. (Flow) very fast today- much faster than
usual.
We usually ………… (Grow) vegetable in our garden, but this
year we ……………… (Not / grow) any.
Normally I …………… (Finish) work at five, but this week
I………… (Work) until six to earn a little more money.
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Simple past tense
الماضً البسٌط
?What do we mean by simple past tense
ماذا نعنً بالزمن الماضً البسٌط؟
ٌستعمل هذا الزمن للتعبٌر عن حدث بدء وانتهى فً الماضً حٌث ٌمكننا االستدالل على الزمن الماضً
من النظر الى الفعل اذا كان بصٌغة الماضً ,بمعنى ٌنتهً ب ( ) اذا كان منتظما ,او بشكل اخر اذا
كان شاذا (راجع االفعال االشاذة) او اذا احتوت الجملة على بعض الظروف التً تشٌر الٌه مثل:
Ago, in the past, last night, last week, last year, yesterday, in
1999 ….etc.
انا تخرجت من جامعة كامبرٌدج
انا تخرجت من جامعة كامبٌدج السنة الماضٌة
oاي من الجمل االتٌة هو الماضً البسٌط؟
لمد اشترٌت هاتفا جدٌدا لمد سرق شخص ما هاتفً
نسٌت هاتفً فً العمل باالمس لمد اضعت هاتفً منذ سنتٌن
Peter arrived at our house yesterday.
I went to the cinema last night.
?How to form the simple past tense
كٌف نصوغ زمن الماضً البسٌط؟
الصٌغة المنتظمة (غٌر الشاذة) وهذه بكل بساطة تكون بإضافة فقط حرفً ( ) edالى نهاٌة الفعل
فٌصبح الفعل ماضً وهذه تكون فقط مع االفعال المنتظمة (.)Regular Verbs
Subject +V(ed)+Complement
It rained yesterday.
They arrived last week.
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) فً نهاٌة الفعل حتى نثبت انها فً الماضً حٌث ان شكلed ( الصٌغة الشاذة ال ٌضاف لها
الفعل ٌتغٌر من حٌث الكتابة والنطق وتسمى هذه االفعال بالشاذة بـ
Irregular verbs
He went to the party last Monday.
I lost my key two years ago.
فً حالة التعبٌر عن حدث معٌن لٌس له زمن محدد فً الماضً فً هذه الحالة ٌكون الوقت مفهوم من
.)Context( ًالمضمون الكل
He spoke to the captain about it.
)( فً هذه الحالة الٌوجد هنا ولت محدد عن الولت الذي تكلم فٌه. لمد كلم المائد عنه
I bought a new phone yesterday.
I did buy a new phone yesterday للتاكٌد
Did I buy a new phone yesterday? للسؤال
Yes I did/no I did not ًللنف
بعض االفعال الشاذة
Some of Irregular Verbs
Present Past P.P Meaning
bear bore born تلد
beat beat beaten ٌهزم-ٌضرب
become became become ٌصبح
begin began begun ٌبدأ
bend bent bent ًٌثن-ٌلوي
bind bound bound ٌوثك-ٌتعهد
bite bit bitten ٌلدغ-ٌعض
blow blew blown ٌنفخ-ٌهب
break broke broken ٌكسر
breed bred bred ًٌرب
bring brought brought ٌجلب
broadcast broadcast broadcast ٌذٌع
build built built ًٌبن
burn burnt burnt ٌحرق
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Simple future
ظٛانًسخقبم انبس
حدث سوف ٌحصل فً المستقبل
)) الفعل+ ))سوؾ
o will + verb
I will see you tomorrow
Will I see you tomorrow?
Yes, I will / No, I will not will not = won't
o am
o is + going to + verb
o are
He is going to play
She is going to sleep
You are going to eat
He is going to play with his friends after school.
Is he going to play ………?
Yes, he is / No, he is not
The difference between will + verb and going to + verb
Will + verb = ٌستخدم مع القرارات السرٌعة المفاجئة
I am thirsty, so I will drink some water
Going to + verb = خطط مستقبلٌة
I am going to visit America next year
am-is-are +going to + noun = present continuous
am-is-are +going to +verb = simple future
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