‫تسٌ هللا اىشحَِ اىشح‪ٌٞ‬‬

‫‪MODLE 1‬‬
‫‪We have a number of words and phrases which are used in many situations with a,‬‬
‫‪for, and to‬‬

‫ر٘جذ ْٕبك اىؼذ‪ٝ‬ذ ٍِ اىنيَبد ٗاىؼجبساد اىز‪ّ ٜ‬سزخذٍٖب ف‪ ٜ‬حبالد ٍؼ‪ْٞ‬خ ٗرأر‪ٍ ٜ‬ؼٖب (‪ ٜٕٗ )a, for, a‬مبالر‪:ٜ‬‬

‫‪1) going to‬‬

‫دائَب ً ‪ٝ‬أر‪ ٜ‬ثؼذٕب اسٌ ٍضلً‬
‫‪Going to the gem‬‬
‫‪2) going for a‬‬
‫دائَب ً ‪ٝ‬أر‪ ٜ‬ثؼذٕب فؼو ٍضلً ‪:‬‬
‫‪Going for a study‬‬
‫‪3) doing / do‬‬
‫دائَب ً ‪ٝ‬أر‪ ٜ‬ثؼذٕب اسٌ ٍضلً ‪:‬‬
‫‪Doing yoga / do yoga‬‬
‫‪4) playing :‬‬
‫دائَب ً ‪ٝ‬أر‪ ٜ‬ثؼذٕب اسٌ ٍضلً ‪:‬‬
‫‪Playing video games‬‬
‫‪5) going‬‬

‫دائَب ً ‪ٝ‬أر‪ ٜ‬ثؼذٕب اسٌ ٗقذ ‪ٝ‬نُ٘ اسٌ ظبٕش اٗ اسٌ ٍظذس ( أ‪ ٛ‬فؼو ّض‪ٞ‬ف ىٔ ‪ٍ ) ing‬ضلً‪:‬‬

‫‪ )1‬االسٌ اىظبٕش ّفس اىحبىخ االٗى‪ ٚ‬أ‪ ٛ‬ثبسزخذاً ‪ٍ to‬ؼٖب‬

‫‪ )2‬اٍب اسٌ اىَظذس ٍضو ‪going swimming :‬‬

‫اٍب ثق‪ٞ‬خ االفؼبه ‪ٝ‬أر‪ ٜ‬ثؼذٕب اسٌ ٍظذس ( ىَارا اسٌ ٍصذس ؟ ) )‪6‬‬

‫ألّٔ ال ‪َٝ‬نِ اُ ‪٘ٝ‬جذ ف‪ ٜ‬اىجَيخ االّجي‪ٞ‬ض‪ٝ‬خ فؼي‪ ِٞ‬ىٖزا ّسزخذً اىفؼو اىز‪ٝ ٛ‬ضبف ىٔ ‪ٍ ing‬ضلً ‪:‬‬

‫‪I went playing football‬‬

‫ٗا‪ٝ‬ضب ثق‪ٞ‬خ االفؼبه ‪ٝ‬أر‪ ٜ‬ثؼذٕب اسٌ ظبٕش ٍضلً ‪:‬‬

‫‪Rent a video games‬‬

‫ٍالحظح‪:‬‬

‫‪Go to – going to + noun‬‬

 Go for a - going for a + infinitive

Go – going + noun

Doing + noun

Playing + noun

Other verbs + noun

‫ فؼو ٍظذس‬ٜ‫أر‬ٝ ‫ ثؼذٕب‬ٛ‫ فبُ اىز‬for a ‫ ثؼذ اىفؼو‬ٜ‫أر‬ٝ ‫ أّ ػْذٍب‬ٛ‫) أ‬1
ٌ‫ ثؼذٕب اس‬ٜ‫أر‬ٝ ّٔ‫ ثؼذ اىفؼو فب‬to ٜ‫أر‬ٝ ‫) اٍب ػْذٍب‬2
ٌ‫ ثؼذٕب اس‬ٛ‫نُ٘ اىز‬ٝٗ a ‫ ثؼذٕب‬ٜ‫أر‬ٝ ‫خ االفؼبه‬ٞ‫) ثق‬3

A ) Question words
what – which = things ‫بء‬ٞ‫رسزخذً ىيسإاه ػِ االش‬

What is that under the table

when = time / when is your holiday ‫ىيسإاه ػِ اى٘قذ‬

where = place / where do you want to go ? ِ‫ػِ االٍبم‬

who = person / who's your favorite star ? ‫ػِ االشخبص‬

how do = the way you do things ‫بء‬ٞ‫ف ّفؼو االش‬ٞ‫م‬

why do = the reason for doing things ‫بء‬ٞ‫ىَبرا فؼيْب االش‬

. ‫ جؼيزْب ّفؼيٖب‬ٜ‫ االسجبة اىز‬ٛ‫أ‬

which =‫ِ اٗ امضش‬ٞ‫ئ‬ٞ‫ِ ش‬ٞ‫ش ث‬ٞٞ‫رسزخذً ىيزخ‬

how long = a period of time ً‫خ ٍضل‬ٍْٞ‫فزشح ص‬

How long was your holiday

)ٜ‫ٖب ٕزا اىش‬ٞ‫ فؼيْب ف‬ٜ‫ (ػذد اىَشاد اىز‬How often = the number of times you do something

How often do you see him

how much = the cost of something ‫اىسؼش‬

How much does this book cost

What:
what's your name? ً‫٘جذ ْٕبك ػذح اجبثبد ٍضل‬ٝ ‫ّسزخذٍٖب ػْذٍب‬

Which:

which do you prefer coffee or tea ً‫يخ ٍضل‬ٞ‫٘جذ ْٕبك اجبثبد قي‬ٝ ‫ّسزخذٍٖب ػْذٍب‬

what / which ً‫ السرخذا‬ٙ‫شاخ اخش‬ٞ‫ ذ٘جذ ْٕاك ذؼث‬

- what sort / kind of ‫بء‬ٞ‫ ّ٘ع االش‬ٚ‫ػْذٍب ّسبه ػي‬
- which places ‫بسرٖب‬ٝ‫ذ ص‬ٝ‫ ّش‬ٜ‫ػْذٍب ّسبه ػِ االٍبمِ اىز‬
- what time ‫ػْذٍب ّسبه ػِ اى٘قذ‬
-what part of‫ء‬ٜ‫ ش‬ٛ‫ِ ٍِ أ‬ٞ‫ػْذٍب ّسبه ػِ جضء ٍؼ‬
‫ِ ٍِ ٍْطقخ‬ٞ‫ّسبه ػِ جضء ٍؼ‬
- what color ُ‫ػْذٍب ّسبه ػِ االى٘ا‬
–what size ‫بء‬ٞ‫ حجٌ االش‬ٚ‫ػْذٍب ّسبه ػي‬

Words order in question

1) Be { is – are }
2) Modal verbs { can – will – might }
3) Other verbs { do – does }
{ Question words = what – where }

1) be = { is – are – was – were }

‫ْب‬ٞ‫جت ػي‬ٝ ‫ سإاه فقظ‬ٚ‫ذ اُ ّح٘ه ٕزٓ اىجَيخ اى‬ٝ‫ اىجَيخ فبّٔ ػْذٍب ّش‬ٜ‫ ف‬is , are ٜ‫ أّ ػْذٍب رأر‬ٛ‫ا‬
: ً‫اُ ّؼنس اىفؼو ٍنبُ اىفبػو ٍضل‬
) ‫ ( ٍضبسع‬They are in class = sentence
Are they in class ? = question
They were in class = sentence )ٜ‫ اىَبض‬ٜ‫(ف‬
Were they in class? = question

2) Model verbs : { can , will , might }

: ً‫ ّقً٘ ثؼنس اىفؼو ٍنبُ اىفبػو ٍضل‬can, will, might ‫ ٕزٓ االفؼبه‬ٜ‫ضب ً ف‬ٝ‫ا‬
-She can drive a car = Can she drive a car ?
-She will be a doctor = Will she be a doctor ?
--They might be here = Might they be here ?
3) Other verbs :
A- {do , does = auxiliary verbs }
: ً‫ سإاه ٍضل‬ٚ‫ حبىخ اىَضبسع اى‬ٜ‫و جَيخ ف‬ٝ٘‫ذ رح‬ٝ‫ظ ػْذٍب ّش‬ٞ‫ صٍِ اىَضبسع اىجس‬ٜ‫ّسزخذٍٖب ف‬
They- You- I- We = Do ‫ حبىخ اىفبػو جَغ‬ٜ‫ ف‬
 He- She- It = Do ‫ حبىخ اىفبػو ٍفشد‬ٜ‫ف‬ 

)‫ (جَغ‬They play football . = Do they play football?

) ‫ ( ٍفشد‬She wants to be a doctor = Does she want to be a doctor ?
:‫ ٍالحظح‬
Do ٔ‫ ّفس اىَضبه اػلٓ ٗرسزخذً ٍؼ‬es ٗ‫ ا‬s ُٗ‫نُ٘ ثذ‬ٝ ‫ حبىخ ارا مبُ اىفبػو جَغ فبُ فؼيخ‬ٜ‫ف‬
ً‫ حبىخ اىسإاه فبّخ ّسزخذ‬ٜ‫ ف‬ٜ‫ ٗثبىزبى‬es ٗ‫ ا‬s ٔ‫ضبف ى‬ٝ ‫ حبىخ اىَفشد فبُ اىفؼو‬ٜ‫اٍب ارا مبُ اىفبػو ف‬
.ٓ‫ اىَضبفخ ىيفؼو ٍضو اىَضبه اػل‬es ٗ‫ ا‬s ‫ ّٗقً٘ ثحزف اه‬Does
.‫ قجو اىفبػو‬ٜ‫ رأر‬Do – Does

B) Question words : { what, when, where …..}

Do – Does ‫ قجو‬ٜ‫) رأر‬1
Do they play football ? = what do they play ? : ً‫ٍضل‬
) ْٔ‫ذ اُ ّسبه ػ‬ٝ‫ ّش‬ٛ‫ اىز‬ٜ‫ اىش‬ٛ‫ أّ ػْذٍب ّسزخذً ٕزا اىْ٘ع ٍِ االسئيخ فبّٔ ّحزف اىَفؼ٘ه ثٔ ( أ‬ٛ‫أ‬
Does she want to be a teacher ? = What does she want to be ?
Where do you play chess ?
How often do you go to the gem ?

C) present simple :
:‫ط‬ٞ‫اىَضاسع اىثس‬
‫ذ اىزحذس ػِ ػبداد اٗ حقبئق‬ٝ‫اٗالً ّسزخذٍٔ ػْذٍب ّش‬
We use this tense to talk about habits or facts or things we do regularly ,also
things that are always true

Subject + verb+ object : ‫اىقاػذج‬

ٔ‫ ٍفؼ٘ه ث‬+ ‫ فؼو‬+ ‫ فبػو‬:‫اىقاػذج‬

.‫ ٍفشد ٗجَغ‬: ٚ‫ْقسٌ اى‬ٝ )‫( اىفبػو‬Subject

Does not = not ‫ف‬ٞ‫ ّض‬ٜ‫ اىْف‬ٜ‫ ٗف‬Does ‫ اىسإاه‬ٜ‫ ٍؼٖب ف‬ٜ‫أر‬ٝٗ He, She, It :‫ اىَفشد‬
Do not = not ‫ف ىٖب‬ٞ‫ ّض‬ٜ‫ اىْف‬ٜ‫ ٗف‬Do ‫ اىسإاه‬ٜ‫ ٍؼٖب ف‬ٜ‫أر‬ٝٗ They, We, You, I : ‫ اىجَغ‬
) ٜ‫ ( اىَضجذ ٗاىَْف‬:‫ اىجَغ‬ٚ‫ اٍثيح ػي‬
I play football = I don't play football
They need books = They don't need books
We study hard = We don't study hard
You know your friend = You don't know your friend
 not ‫خ ّٗقً٘ ثحزف‬ٝ‫ اىجذا‬ٜ‫ ثٖب ف‬ٜ‫ ّٗبر‬Do ‫ سإاه ّؼنس‬ٚ‫اٍا ػْذٍب ّح٘ه اى‬
I don't play football = Do you play football
:‫ٍالحظح‬
ٓ‫ ٍضو اىَضبه اػل‬You ٚ‫ئ اى‬ٝ٘‫ اىسإاه ّقً٘ ثزح‬ٜ‫ فبّٔ ف‬I ‫ػْذٍب ّجذأ اىجَيخ ة‬
They don't need books ? = Do they need books ?
We don't study hard = Do we study hard ?
You don't know your friend = Do you know your friend?

She, He, It + V (s-es) + O : ‫) اىَفشد‬2

s , es ٔ‫ضبف ىفؼي‬ٝ ‫ اُ اىفبػو اىَفشد‬ٛ‫أ‬

: es ‫ف‬ٞ‫ ّض‬ٚ‫ٍر‬
‫ف‬ٞ‫ ّٗض‬I ٚ‫ اى‬y‫و اه‬ٝ٘‫ حشف سبمِ فبُ ّقً٘ ثزح‬y ‫ قجو اه‬ٚ‫ أّ ار‬ٛ‫ أ‬fly ‫ ٍضو‬y ‫ اىفؼو ة‬ٖٚ‫ارا اّز‬ 
fly = y = I = flies es ٔ‫ى‬
es ً ‫ب‬ٞ‫ف ىٖب ريقبئ‬ٞ‫ ) فبّٔ ّض‬I, o, u, e, a ( ٜٕٗ ‫ اىفؼو ثأحذ احشف اىؼيخ‬ٜٖ‫ْز‬ٝ ‫ػْذٍب‬ 
go = goes / do = does / late = lates :ً‫ٍضل‬
) s, x, ch, sh (| es ‫ف‬ٞ‫ ثبحذ ٕزٓ االحشف ّض‬ٜٖ‫ْز‬ٝ ‫ػْذٍب‬ 
miss = misses / wash = washes / watch = watches / fix = fixes ً‫ٍضل‬
: ً‫ ٍضل‬s ِٖ‫ف ى‬ٞ‫خ االفؼبه ّض‬ٞ‫اٍب ثق‬ 
Want = wants
Speak = speaks
D) How often:
1) adverbs:

: ‫ِ اىفبػو ٗاىفؼو ٍضل‬ٞ‫ ث‬ٜ‫ظ ٗرأر‬ٞ‫ر٘جذ ْٕبك ػذح ظشٗف ّسزخذٍٖب ٍغ اىَضبسع اىجس‬

usually / generally, sometimes, often, always, never : ‫ٕزٓ اىظشٗف‬

: ‫ قجئ ٍضو‬ٜ‫ رأر‬ٜ‫) ارا مبُ اىفؼو فؼو اسبس‬1

I always go out

: ً‫ اىظشف ثؼذٕب ٍضل‬ٜ‫أر‬ٝ ّٔ‫ ) فب‬is, are, am ( Be ‫) ارا مبُ اىفؼو ٕ٘ ٍِ افؼبه‬2
He is always late for class
2) Other phrases:
‫خ‬ٝ‫خ ٗ اىْٖب‬ٝ‫ اىجذا‬ٜ‫ ف‬ٜ‫رأر‬

Every { day, week , month }

 ‫}‪Once – twice – … times a {day , week , month‬‬

‫ّضغ ٕزٓ اىؼجبساد غبىجب ف‪ّٖ ٜ‬ب‪ٝ‬خ اىجَيخ ٍضلً‪:‬‬

‫‪We go swimming every day‬‬

‫‪She visits her aunt twice a week‬‬

‫ٍَنِ ّضؼٖب ف‪ ٜ‬اىجذا‪ٝ‬خ ا‪ٝ‬ضب ً ٍضلً‪:‬‬

‫‪Every day I go for a walk in the park‬‬

‫‪Once a month we go out for a really nice meal‬‬

‫‪Modal 2‬‬
‫‪A) Past simple :‬‬

‫‪Rule : S + Verb(ed) + O‬‬

‫? ‪What time we use this tense‬‬

‫‪ّ ‬سزخذً ٕزا اىضٍِ ػْذٍب ّزحذس ػِ ش‪ٜ‬ء حذس ف‪ ٜ‬اىَبض‪ٗ ٜ‬اّزٖ‪ٚ‬‬

‫ٍالحظاخ ‪:‬‬

‫ّسزخذً ‪ didn't ٗ did‬ف‪ٕ ٜ‬زا اىضٍِ ف‪ ٜ‬حبىز‪: ِٞ‬‬ ‫‪)1‬‬

‫ف‪ ٜ‬حبىخ ّف‪ ٜ‬اىجَيخ ّسزخذً ‪didn't‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫اٍب ف‪ ٜ‬حبىخ رح٘‪ٝ‬يٖب اى‪ ٚ‬سإاه ّسزخذً ‪did‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ارا ٗجذ ف‪ ٜ‬اىجَيخ ‪ didn't‬فبُ اىفؼو ‪ٝ‬نُ٘ ف‪ ٜ‬حبىخ اىَظذس أ‪ ٛ‬أّ ‪ٝ‬نُ٘ خبى‪ ٍِ ٜ‬االضبفبد ‪ ,‬اٍب‬ ‫‪)2‬‬
‫ػْذٍب رنُ٘ اىجَيخ ٍضجزخ فإُ اىفؼو ف‪ ٜ‬حبىخ اىَبض‪ ٜ‬أ‪ ٛ‬اىزظش‪ٝ‬ف اىضبّ‪.ٜ‬‬
‫ف‪ ٜ‬اىسإاه ّجذأ ة ‪ٗ did‬ا‪ٝ‬ضب اىفبػو ‪ٝ‬نُ٘ ف‪ ٜ‬حبىخ اىَظذس أ‪ ٛ‬خبى‪ ٍِ ٜ‬االضبفبد ‪.‬‬ ‫‪)3‬‬
‫أ‪ ٛ‬أّ ػْذٍب ّش‪ did ٙ‬اٗ‪ didn't‬ف‪ ٜ‬اىجَيخ اٗ اىسإاه ‪ٝ‬نُ٘ اىفؼو ف‪ ٜ‬حبىخ اىَظذس‪ٝ‬خ ‪ٗ ,‬اٍب ػْذٍب‬ ‫‪)4‬‬
‫ّقً٘ ثحزف ‪ did‬اٗ ‪ didn't‬فبّٔ ‪ٝ‬نُ٘ ٍبض‪ ٜ‬اٍب ثإضبفخ ‪ ed‬اٗ ثزغ‪ٞٞ‬ش اىفؼو ٍضلً ‪:‬‬
‫‪Go = went / need = needed‬‬

‫‪ )1‬ق٘اػذ االضافح ‪:‬‬

‫‪ ‬ارا ار‪ّٖ ٚ‬ب‪ٝ‬خ اىفؼو حشف ‪ e‬فإّْب ّض‪ٞ‬ف ىٔ ‪ٍ d‬ضلً ‪:‬‬
‫‪Like = liked‬‬
‫‪ ‬ارا مبُ اىفؼو ٍِ ٍقطغ ٗاحذ ٗاّزٖ‪ ٚ‬ثحشف سبمِ ٗقجيخ حشف ٗاحذ ٍِ حشٗف اىؼيخ ٕٗ‪a, I, o, ( ٜ‬‬
‫‪ )u, e‬فإّْب ّقً٘ ثزذث‪ٞ‬و اىحشف اىسبمِ االخ‪ٞ‬ش ّٗظ‪ٞ‬ف ‪ٍ ed‬ضل ً ‪stop = stopped :‬‬
 ‫‪ ‬ػْذٍب ‪ْٝ‬زٖ‪ ٜ‬اىفؼو ثحشف اه ‪ٝٗ y‬أر‪ ٜ‬قجيخ حشف سبمِ فبّٔ ّقً٘ ثزح٘‪ٝ‬و اه ‪ y‬اى‪ ٍِٗ i ٚ‬صٌ ّض‪ٞ‬ف ‪ed‬‬
‫ٍضلً ‪carry = {y = I } = carried :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ػْذٍب ‪ٝ‬نُ٘ اىفؼو ٍِ ٍقطؼ‪ٗ ِٞ‬اّزٖ‪ ٚ‬ثحشف اه ‪ٗ L‬قجيخ حشف ػيخ ّقً٘ ثزذث‪ٞ‬و حشف اه ‪ٍ L‬ضلً ‪:‬‬
‫‪Travel = travelled‬‬

‫‪ّ )2‬سزخذً ٕزا اىضٍِ ػْذٍب ّزحذس ػِ ش‪ٜ‬ء حذس ف‪ ٜ‬اىَبض‪ٍ ٜ‬شح اٗ امضش ٍِ ٍشح‬
‫(‪) once , many times‬‬

‫اٍثيح ‪:‬‬

‫أ‪ ٛ‬اُ اىشخض ‪َ٘ٝ‬د ٍشح ٗاحذح فقظ ‪once = He died in 1988‬‬

‫‪Many times = my father always took me to school when I was young‬‬

‫ّسزخذً اىش‪ ٜ‬ػذح ٍشاد‬

‫‪ ( State = we lived in a very small house‬ف‪ ٜ‬حبىخ ٍؼ‪ْٞ‬خ)‬

‫‪ ‬م‪ٞ‬ف ‪َٝ‬نِ اُ ّنُ٘ جَيح ف‪ ٜ‬حاىح اىَاض‪ٍ ( : ٜ‬ثثرح ‪ٍْ ,‬ف‪ٞ‬ح )‬

‫‪ )1‬قذ ‪ٝ‬نُ٘ اىفؼو ٍْرظٌ ّض‪ٞ‬ف ىٔ ‪ed‬‬
‫ٍضو‪star = started / need = needed :‬‬
‫‪I needed a pen = I didn't need a pen .‬‬

‫‪ )2‬قذ ‪ٝ‬أذ‪ ٜ‬اىفؼو غ‪ٞ‬ش ٍْرظٌ أ‪ ٛ‬أّ ‪ٝ‬رغ‪ٞ‬ش ٍثالً ‪:‬‬

‫‪Be = was, were / buy = bought / meet = met / go = went / bring = brought‬‬

‫‪I went to the sea = I didn't go to the sea‬‬

‫ا‪ ٛ‬أّ ‪٘ٝ‬جذ ْٕبك ّ٘ػ‪ ِٞ‬ىيفؼو اىَبض‪ٍْ : ٜ‬زظٌ ٗغ‪ٞ‬ش ٍْزظٌ ‪ .‬اٗال اىفؼو اىَبض‪ ٜ‬اىَْزظٌ ّقً٘ ثإضبفخ ‪ ed‬ف‪ٜ‬‬
‫ّٖب‪ٝ‬خ اىفؼو ٗف‪ ٜ‬حبىخ ّف‪ ٜ‬اىجَيخ فإّْب ّسزخذً ‪ّ . didn't‬فس االٍضيخ اػلٓ ‪ .‬اٍب ارا مبُ اىفؼو غ‪ٞ‬ش ٍْزظٌ فبّخ‬
‫‪ٝ‬زغ‪ٞ‬ش اىفؼو ٗا‪ٝ‬ضب ػْذٍب ّقً٘ ثْف‪ّ ٔٞ‬سزخذً ‪ٗ didn't‬ف‪ ٜ‬مل اىحبىز‪ّ ِٞ‬شجغ اىفؼو اى‪ ٚ‬حبىخ اىَظذس ( أ‪ ٛ‬ثذُٗ‬
‫أ‪ ٛ‬اضبفبد)‬

‫‪ ‬م‪ٞ‬ف ّنُ٘ اىسؤاه ف‪ ٜ‬اىَاض‪: ٜ‬‬

‫‪ I )1‬ف‪ ٜ‬اىسإاه رزح٘ه اى‪You ٚ‬‬
‫‪ّ )2‬حزف ‪ ٍِ not‬اىسإاه‬
‫‪ّ )3‬ؼنس ‪ٗ did‬رنُ٘ ف‪ ٜ‬اىجذا‪ٝ‬خ ٗ‪ٝ‬أر‪ ٜ‬ثؼذٕب اىفبػو‬
‫? ‪I didn't go to the sea = Did you go to the sea‬‬
3) The past of be is { was, were }

‫ح‬ٞ‫ِ جَيح ٍثثرح ٍْٗف‬ٝ٘‫) ذن‬1

He, She, It, I = was / is, am = was

They, We, You, = were / are = were

: ‫اٍثيح‬
I was late = I was not late

They were late = they were not late

ُ‫ ٗا‬, ‫ ثؼذٕب‬not ‫ف‬ٞ‫ ّض‬ٜ‫ حبىخ اىْف‬ٜ‫ فبّٔ ف‬ٜ‫ اىجَيخ اىَبض‬ٜ‫) ف‬was, were ( Be ‫ أّ ػْذٍب ّسزخذً افؼبه‬ٛ‫أ‬
were ٌٖ‫ ٍؼ‬ٜ‫أر‬ٝ ‫ اٍب اىفبػو اىجَغ‬was ٌٖ‫ ٍؼ‬ٜ‫أر‬ٝ ‫اىفبػو اىَفشد‬

)was, were ( ‫) ذنُ٘ اىسؤاه ب‬2

)was, were( Be ‫ ّٗؼنس افؼبه‬not ‫ سإاه فبّٔ ّقً٘ ثحزف‬ٚ‫خ اى‬ٞ‫خ اىَْف‬ٞ‫و اىجَيخ اىَبض‬ٝ٘‫ذ رح‬ٝ‫ حبىخ ّش‬ٜ‫ف‬
: ً‫خ ٍضل‬ٝ‫ اىجذا‬ٜ‫ّٗضؼٌٖ ف‬

They were not late = were they late ?

I was not late = was I late ?

She was late = Was she late ?

B) Time phrases often used in the past { at, on, in, and ago }
at, in, on ً‫ ّسرخذ‬ٚ‫) ٍر‬1

: ً‫بً االجبصاد ٍضل‬ٝ‫ رسزخذً ٍغ اى٘قذ اٗ اال‬, ‫ضب ً اىَسزقجو‬ٝ‫ ٗاىَضبسع ٗا‬ٜ‫ اىَبض‬ٜ‫ّسزخذٌٍٖ ف‬

a) at + time

tow / three days

at 12:15- at eight o'clock = time

at Eoster – at Christmas

b) on + day / date

) ‫خ‬ٝ‫ضب ً ٍغ االشٖش ٗاىزبس‬ٝ‫بً االسج٘ع ٗا‬ٝ‫( ٗرسزخذً ٍغ ا‬

On Monday / on July 2nd

c) in + month / season / year / decade / century

‫ضب ً اىقشُٗ ٗاىؼق٘د‬ٝ‫ ّسزخذٍٖب ٍغ االشٖش ٗاىفظ٘ه ٗاىسْ٘اد ٗا‬: ً‫ٍضل‬

In July / in June / in December / in winter / in spring / in 1988 / in the 1990s / in the

twenty first century

: ً‫ ٍضل‬last and yesterday ‫ حشٗف اىجش ال ّسزخذٍٖب ٍغ‬

We went there last year / yesterday
‫بً اٗ اسج٘ع‬ٝ‫ شٖش ٗ ا‬ٚ‫خ اىَضبف اى‬ٝ‫ = ّسزخذٍٖب ٍغ اىزبس‬On 

Ago :
) ُ‫ قجو اال‬ْٜ‫ ( رؼ‬Means before now
: ً‫ ٍضل‬ٜ‫ اىَبض‬ٜ‫ء اٗ حذس حذس ف‬ٜ‫ ش‬ٙ‫ذ ّش‬ٝ‫ّسزخذٍٖب ػْذٍب ّش‬
I first met Ahmed two years ago
‫خ ٍحذدح‬ٍْٞ‫ فزشح ص‬ٜ‫ ػْذٍب ّؼط‬ago ً‫ال ّسزخذ‬
I met him in the summer {ago X }

Modal 3
A ) should, shouldn't

Form : subject + should/shouldn't + infinitive

)infinitive ) ‫ ٍِ االضبفبد‬ٜ‫ خبى‬ٛ‫ فؼو ٍظذس أ‬should/ shouldn't ‫ ثؼذ‬ٜ‫أر‬ٝ ً ‫ دائَب‬

: ‫خ‬ٞ‫ِ جَو ٍضجزخ ٍْٗف‬ٝ٘‫ رن‬
he should go to school : ‫اىَضجذ‬
he shouldn't go to school : ٜ‫اىَْف‬
we should buy a dictionary : ‫ٍضجذ‬
we shouldn't buy a dictionary : ٜ‫ٍْف‬

should ً‫ف ّنُ٘ سؤاه تاسرخذا‬ٞ‫ م‬

FORM : should + subject + infinitive + O ?

 ّٔ‫خ فإ‬ٞ‫خ اٗالً ػْذٍب ّنُ٘ جَيخ ٍْف‬ٞ‫ذ اُ ّنُ٘ سإاه ٍِ جَيخ س٘اء مبّذ ٍضجزخ اٗ ٍْف‬ٝ‫ أّ ػْذٍب ّش‬ٛ‫ا‬
ُ٘‫خ اىجَيخ ٗاٍب ػْذٍب رن‬ٝ‫ ثذا‬ٜ‫ ف‬should ٌٝ‫ أّ ّقً٘ ثزقذ‬ٛ‫ أ‬,‫ ٍِ اىجَيخ ّٗؼنس‬Not ‫ّقً٘ ثحزف‬
ٜ‫ ف‬should ً‫ ّقذ‬ٜ‫ اىَضجذ ٗاىَْف‬ٜ‫ ف‬ْٜ‫ؼ‬ٝ ( ‫خ‬ٝ‫ اىجذا‬ٜ‫ ف‬should ٌٝ‫ضب ً ثزقذ‬ٝ‫اىجَيخ ٍضجزخ فإّْب ّقً٘ ا‬
: ً‫ ٍضل‬. ) ً‫خ ثبرجبع اىقبػذح اػلٓ ) ّٗضغ ػلٍخ اىسإاه ( االسرفٖا‬ٝ‫اىجذا‬

We shouldn't buy a dictionary

we should buy a dictionary = not ‫) ّحزف‬1
should we buy a dictionary ? = ‫خ‬ٝ‫ اىجذا‬ٜ‫ ف‬should ً‫) ّقذ‬2
: ‫ٍضبه اخش‬
He shouldn't go to school
He should go to school
Should he go to school?

: should ً‫ ذسرخذ‬ٚ‫ٍر‬ 
.ٛ‫س الصً اٗ ضشٗس‬ٞ‫ل) ٗى‬ٞ‫جة ػي‬ٝ( ْٚ‫ ثَؼ‬should ٜ‫) رأر‬1
.‫ح‬ٞ‫ اىظح‬ٜ‫ذح اٗ ػْذٍب ّق٘ه اىش‬ٞ‫ذ اٗ فنشح ج‬ٞ‫ ج‬ٜ‫) ّسزخذٍٖب ػْذٍب ّق٘ه ٕزا اىش‬2
.‫ح‬ٞ‫س طح‬ٞ‫ذ اٗ ى‬ٞ‫س ج‬ٞ‫ ى‬ٜ‫ ػْذٍب ّق٘ه اُ ٕزا اىش‬shouldn't ً‫) ّسزخذ‬3
: ‫ٍثال‬
you should buy a dictionary = Should 
you shouldn't leave your bag open on the bus . = Shouldn't 
ٍِ ٙ٘‫ اق‬have to ّٔ‫ ا‬ٛ‫ أ‬have to ٍِ ٙ٘‫ افنبس ٗاّٖب ال رنُ٘ اق‬ٚ‫ ألػط‬should ً‫ أّ ّسزخذ‬ٛ‫أ‬ 
should
: ‫ٍثال‬
we should go now or we we'll be tired tomorrow . = Should )1
.‫ذح‬ٞ‫ ) فنشح ج‬this is good idea (
we have to go now or we'll be late = Have to )2
.ٛ‫ء ضشٗس‬ٜ‫) ش‬this is necessary(

ً‫ ٍضل‬advice ‫حخ‬ٞ‫ ّظ‬ٜ‫ذ اُ ّؼط‬ٝ‫ ػْذٍب ّش‬should ً‫ضب ّسزخذ‬ٝ‫) ا‬4

Why don't you look for a flat in the center of the town?
Try putting an advertisement in the local newspaper .

B) can, can't, have to, don't have to :

1) can , can't :
Form: Subject + can/can't + infinitive + O .
‫ ٍِ االضبفبد‬ٜ‫ فؼو ٍظذس خبى‬Can/can't ‫ ثؼذ‬ٜ‫أر‬ٝ ً ‫دائَب‬ 
: ‫ح‬ٞ‫ف ّنُ٘ جَيح ٍثثرح ٍْٗف‬ٞ‫م‬ 
‫ذ اُ ّنُ٘ جَو‬ٝ‫ّزجغ اىقبػذح اػلٓ ػْذٍب ّش‬
: ‫ٍثال‬
he can speak English = ‫ = ٍثثد‬Can )1
he can't speak English = ٜ‫ = ٍْف‬Can't )2

: Can ً‫ف ّنُ٘ سؤاه تاسرخذا‬ٞ‫ م‬

Form: Can + Subject + inf + O
: ‫ٍثال‬
Can he speak English?
‫خ ّقً٘ ثحزف‬ٞ‫خ فإّٔ ػْذٍب رنُ٘ اىجَيخ ٍْف‬ٞ‫ذ اُ ّنُ٘ سإاه ٍِ جَيخ س٘اء ٍضجزخ اٗ ٍْف‬ٝ‫ أّ ػْذٍب ّش‬ٛ‫أ‬
‫خ‬ٝ‫ ثذا‬ٜ‫ ف‬Can ٌٝ‫ضب ً ّقً٘ ثزقذ‬ٝ‫خ اىسإاه اٍب ػْذٍب ّنُ٘ جَيخ ٍضجزخ فإّٔ ا‬ٝ‫ ثذا‬ٜ‫ ف‬Can ً‫ ّٗقذ‬not
) ٓ‫خ ( ّزجغ اىقبػذح اػل‬ٝ‫ اىجذا‬ٜ‫ ف‬Can ٌٝ‫ضب ً ّقً٘ ثزقذ‬ٝ‫اىسإاه اٍب ػْذٍب ّنُ٘ جَيخ ٍضجزخ فبّٔ ا‬

: ‫اٍثيح‬

he can speak English = ‫ = ٍثثد‬Can )1

Can he speak English ? = Can ً‫) ّقذ‬2
they can't speak English = ٜ‫ = ٍْف‬Can't )3
Can ً‫ ّٗقذ‬not ‫ّحزف‬
Can they speak English ?
:‫ٍثاه اخش‬

We can't speak English

‫ سإاه‬ٚ‫و اى‬ٝ٘‫ ىيزح‬can ً‫ ّٗقذ‬not ‫ّحزف‬

We can speak English

Can we speak English ?

: can, can't ً‫ ّسزخذ‬ٚ‫ ٍز‬

: ً‫ ٍضل‬: ‫بد‬ّٞ‫) ػْذٍب ّزحذس ػِ اّ٘اع ٍخزيفخ ٍِ االٍنب‬1
‫ ٍضو‬: ‫ اىقذساد‬Ability -
Sue can dance quiet well, but she can't sing
‫غ اىغْبء‬ٞ‫غ اىشقض ىنِ ال رسزط‬ٞ‫ رسزط‬ٜٕ
 : ‫ ٍضل‬: ُ‫ ار‬Permission -
You can't come in
Can we go home now?

2) have to , don't have to :

: ‫غخ‬ٞ‫ارا مبُ اىفبػو جَغ ّسزخذً ٕزٓ اىظ‬
Form : they /we / you / I + have to + infinitive + O
: ً‫ ٍضل‬have to ٜ‫أر‬ٝ )they, we, you, I ( ‫ أّ ٍغ اىفبػو اىجَغ‬ٛ‫ا‬

they have to go now. = ‫ِ جَيخ ٍضجزخ‬ٝ٘‫رن‬

: ‫ ٕزٓ اىجَيح ٗرىل تاذثاع ٕزٓ اىقاػذج‬ٜ‫ف ّْف‬ٞ‫ م‬

Form : they, we, you, I + don't have to + inf
:‫ٍثاه‬
They don't have to go now .

: ‫ف ّنُ٘ سؤاه ٍِ ٕزٓ اىجَيح‬ٞ‫ م‬

Form: do + they ,we, you, I + have to + inf ?
: ّٔ‫ ا‬ٛ‫أ‬
: ‫ِ َٕٗب‬ٞ‫ئ‬ٞ‫ذ اُ ّنُ٘ سإاه فإّْب ّفؼو ش‬ٝ‫ػْذٍب ّش‬
‫ ٍِ اىجَيخ‬not ‫) ّحزف‬1
‫خ اىجَيخ‬ٝ‫ ثذا‬ٜ‫ ف‬do ‫) ّح٘ه‬2
:‫ٍثال‬
they do have to go = ‫حزفْب = ٍضجزخ‬
Do they have to go now ?

has to ً‫) فإّْب ّسزخذ‬he , she , it( ‫ حبىخ اىَفشد‬ٜ‫اٍب ف‬

Form: she, he, it + has to +inf
: ‫ ٍضو‬has to ‫ دائَب‬ٜ‫أر‬ٝ ‫ أّ ٍغ اىفبػو اىَفشد‬ٛ‫ أ‬
ٓ‫ِ جَيخ ٍضجزخ ّزجغ اىقبػذح اػل‬ٝ٘‫) رن‬1
She has to go now

: ‫ح‬ٞ‫ف ّنُ٘ جَيح ٍْف‬ٞ‫ م‬

Form: she, he, it + doesn't have to + inf

:‫ٍالحظح‬
ّٔ‫ ٗرىل أل‬have to ٚ‫ اى‬has to ‫و‬ٝ٘‫ضب ً ّقً٘ ثزح‬ٝ‫ ٗا‬doesn't ً‫ فبّٔ ٍغ اىفبػو اىَفشد ّسزخذ‬ٜ‫ حبىخ اىْف‬ٜ‫ف‬
: ً‫ ٍِ االضبفبد ٍضل‬ٜ‫ ثؼذٕب دائَب فؼو خبى‬ٜ‫أر‬ٝٗ doesn't ‫ اىجَيخ‬ٚ‫دخو ػي‬

she doesn't have to go now ‫خ سإاه‬ٞ‫ف ّنُ٘ ٍِ ٕزٓ اىجَيخ اىَْف‬ٞ‫ م‬-
she does have to go now = not ‫ ّحزف‬-
Does she have to go ? = ‫خ‬ٝ‫ اىجذا‬ٜ‫ ثجؼيٖب ف‬does ‫ ّح٘ه‬-

: have to ً‫ ّسرخذ‬ٚ‫ ٍر‬

: ‫خ ٍضو‬ٝ‫بء ضشٗس‬ٞ‫) ّسزخذٍٖب ػْذٍب ّزحذس ػِ اش‬1
We have to be at the airport by six o'clock
: ً‫خ ٍضل‬ٝ‫بء اىضشٗس‬ٞ‫ِ ّسزخذٍِٖ ٍغ االش‬ْٞ‫ ٍغ اىؼيٌ اُ االص‬must ٔ‫ رشج‬Have to )2

we have to go now it's necessary = Have to -

we must go now it's necessary = Must -
‫ ٍضل‬doesn't have to ً ‫ضب‬ٝ‫ ٗا‬ٛ‫ش ضشٗس‬ٞ‫ غ‬ٜ‫نُ٘ ٕزا اىش‬ٝ ‫ ػْذٍب‬don't have to ً‫) ّسزخذ‬3

We don't have to go now

She doesn't have to go now

Remember 
must ٔ‫ رشج‬Have to
mustn't ٔ‫ الرشج‬don't have to ِ‫ىن‬
you mustn't take any photographer ‫غ‬ٞ‫ال رسزط‬
you don't have to take any photographs . ٛ‫س ضشٗس‬ٞ‫ى‬

Modal 4
A ) present continuous :
: ‫ِ جَيخ ٍضجزخ ّزجغ اىقبػذح‬ٝ٘‫ ىزن‬
Form: subject + is,are,am + verb +ing
Is = she , he , it
Am = I
Are = they , we , you
: ‫ٍضل‬
I am helping my mother.
She is helping her mother.
They are playing football.
: ‫ٔ ّرثغ اىقبػذح‬ٞ‫ِ جَو ٍْف‬ٝ٘‫ىرن‬ 

Form: subject + is,are,am + not+verb+ing

:ً‫ ٍضل‬is, are , am ‫ ثؼذ‬not ‫ف‬ٞ‫ ّض‬ٜ‫ حبىخ اىْف‬ٜ‫ أّ ف‬ٛ‫أ‬
I am not helping my mother
She is not helping her mother
They are not helping their mother
They are not playing football

: ‫ف ّنُ٘ اىسؤاه‬ٞ‫ م‬

Form : is, are, am + subject +v +ing

: ً‫ ٍضل‬not ‫خ فإّٔ ّقً٘ ثحزف‬ٞ‫ِ اىسإاه ٍِ جَيخ ٍْف‬ٝ٘‫ حبىخ رن‬ٜ‫ أّ ف‬ٛ‫) أ‬1
I am not helping my mother = I am helping my mother
: ً‫خ ٍضل‬ٝ‫ اىجذا‬ٚ‫ اى‬is, are, am ً‫) ّقذ‬2
Am I helping my mother ?
‫خ االٍضيخ‬ٞ‫ّفس اىخط٘اد ّؼَيٖب ٍغ ثق‬

:‫ ّسرخذً اىَضاسع اىَسرَش‬ٚ‫ ٍر‬

‫ ٕزٓ اىيحظخ‬ٜ‫س ف‬ٞ‫خ ٗىنِ ى‬ٍْٞ‫ فزشح ص‬ٜ‫ء حذس ف‬ٜ‫ ٕزٓ اىيحظخ اٗ ش‬ٜ‫حذس ف‬ٝ ‫ء‬ٜ‫ػْذٍب ّزحذس ػِ ش‬
: ‫ٍضل‬
Sue is studying French this term -
Sue is talking to someone on the phone -
We are studying French this term -

: ‫ ىيفؼو‬ing ‫ف‬ٞ‫ ّض‬ٚ‫ ٍر‬

: ‫ذ٘جذ خَس حاالخ‬

: ‫ ٍضو‬ing ‫ف‬ٞ‫ ّٗض‬e ‫ فبّٔ ّحزف اه‬e ‫ اىفؼو ة‬ٜٖ‫ْز‬ٝ ‫ ػْذٍب‬-
Like = liking
Make = making
Leave = leaving

‫ ثحشف سبمِ ٗىنِ سجق ٕزا اىحشف اىسبمِ حشف‬ٖٚ‫نُ٘ اىفؼو ٍِ ٍقطغ ٗاحذ ٗاّز‬ٝ ‫ ػْذٍب‬-
ing ‫ش ٗاضبفخ‬ٞ‫و اىحشف االخ‬ٞ‫) فبّٔ ّقً٘ ثزذث‬I , o , e , a , u( ٜٕٗ ‫ٗاحذ ٍِ حشٗف اىؼيخ‬
: ً‫ٍضل‬
 ‫‪Stop = stopping / get = getting‬‬
‫‪ -‬ػْذٍب ‪ْٝ‬زٖ‪ ٜ‬اىفؼو ة ‪ ie‬فإّْب ّح٘ه ‪ ie‬اى‪ ٍِٗ y ٚ‬صٌ ّض‪ٞ‬ف ‪ٍ ing‬ضلً ‪:‬‬
‫} ‪Lie = lying { ie = y‬‬
‫‪ -‬ػْذٍب ‪ٝ‬زنُ٘ اىفؼو ٍِ ٍقطؼ‪ٗ ِٞ‬اّزٖ‪ ٚ‬ثحشف سبمِ ٗقجئ ٗاحذ ٍِ حشٗف اىؼئ فإّْب ّقً٘‬
‫ثزذث‪ٞ‬و اىحشف االخ‪ٞ‬ش ّٗض‪ٞ‬ف ‪ٍ ing‬ضل ‪:‬‬
‫‪Forget= forgetting / begin = beginning‬‬
‫‪ -‬ػْذٍب ‪ْٝ‬زٖ‪ ٜ‬اىفؼو ة ‪ٗ L‬قجئ حشف ػئ فإّْب ّقً٘ ثزذث‪ٞ‬و اه ‪ّٗ L‬ض‪ٞ‬ف ‪ ing‬ىيفؼو ٍضل‪:‬‬
‫‪Travel = travelling‬‬

‫‪ٍ ‬ر‪ ٚ‬ال ّسرخذً افؼاه ف‪ ٜ‬حاىح االسرَشاس‪ٝ‬ح‪:‬‬

‫‪ = believe , knew , Understand )1‬اىز‪ ٜ‬رذه ػي‪ٗ ٚ‬طف اىحبىخ اىؼقي‪ٞ‬خ اىْفس‪ٞ‬خ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ = Like , love , want )2‬االفؼبه اىَزظيخ ة ‪like, dislike‬‬
‫‪ = Have , own , posses )3‬االفؼبه اىز‪ ٜ‬رذه ػي‪ ٚ‬اىَين‪ٞ‬خ‪.‬‬

‫? ‪b) present continuous or present simple‬‬

‫‪remember:‬‬
‫‪ّ -‬سزخذً اىَضبسع اىجس‪ٞ‬ظ ٍغ االحذاس اىؼبٍخ ٗاىز‪ ٜ‬رنُ٘ دائَب ً طح‪ٞ‬حخ ‪ٝ‬ؼْ‪ّ ٜ‬سزخذٍٔ ٍغ‬
‫اىحقبئق ٗاىشٗر‪ ِٞ‬اى‪ٍ .ٍٜ٘ٞ‬ضل ‪I speak four languages :‬‬
‫‪ّٗ -‬سزخذً اىَضبسع اىَسزَش ػْذٍب ّزحذس ػِ احذاس اسزَشد االُ اٗ احذاس رحذس االُ‬
‫ٍٗسزَشح أ‪ٕ ٛ‬زٓ االحذاس رنُ٘ ٍسزَشح ٍضل ‪:‬‬
‫? ‪Who is she speaking to‬‬
‫‪ٗ -‬ا‪ٝ‬ضب ّسزخذً اىَضبسع اىجس‪ٞ‬ظ ٍغ ٕزٓ اىؼجبساد أ‪ ٛ‬اُ ٕزٓ اىؼجبساد رأر‪ٍ ٜ‬غ اىَضبسع‬
‫اىجس‪ٞ‬ظ‪ٍ .‬ضل ‪:‬‬
‫‪Always, never, every day, usually, normally‬‬
‫اٍب اىَضبسع اىَسزَش ر٘جذ ىٔ ا‪ٝ‬ضب ػلٍبد ٕٗ‪ ٜ‬مبىزبى‪: ٜ‬‬
‫‪Now, at the moment , totally, right now‬‬

‫‪C ) present continuous for future arguments :‬‬

‫ٍَنِ اىَضبسع اىَسزَش ‪ٝ‬سزَش ٗ‪ٝ‬ؼط‪ ٜ‬ىْب ٍؼْ‪ ٚ‬ف‪ ٜ‬اىَسزقجو‬
‫‪ّ )1‬سزخذً اىَضبسع اىَسزَش ػْذٍب ّزحذس ػِ ش‪ٜ‬ء س٘ف ّفؼئ ثبىزشر‪ٞ‬ت ف‪ ٜ‬اىَسزقجو ٍضل ‪:‬‬

‫}‪What are you doing next weekend ? { what have you arranged‬‬
‫‪I am taking my son to the zoo on Saturday , then I am cooking lunch‬‬
‫‪for some friends on Sunday { I have arranged to do this .‬‬
‫‪ )2‬ػْذٍب ّسزخذً اىَضبسع اىَسزَش ٍضو ‪ this‬فبّٔ ّؼط‪ٍ ٜ‬ؼْ‪ ٚ‬ف‪ ٜ‬اىَسزقجو ٍضل ً ‪this‬‬
‫‪ weekend‬اٗ ػْذٍب ّزحذس ػِ حبىٔ ٍؼ‪ ْٔٞ‬ف‪ ٜ‬اىَسزقجو فبّٔ ‪ٝ‬ؼط‪ ٜ‬ىْب ٍؼْ‪ ٚ‬ثبىَسزقجو‬
 Modal 6

A ) intention and wishes :

1) going to , planning to :

1) positive form ‫ف ّنُ٘ جَيح ٍثثرح‬ٞ‫م‬

Subject + verb be{is , are , am} + going to + infinitive

Subject : they , we, you, I, he, she, it

: ‫ اضبفخ ٍضو‬ٛ‫ ٍِ أ‬ٜ‫ = اىفؼو اىَظذس اىخبى‬Infinitive

I am going to buy a car

They are going to go shopping

2) negative form :
Subject + verb be + not + going to + inf

: ‫ٍضل‬

I am not going to buy a car

3) question form

: ‫ف ّنُ٘ اىسؤاه‬ٞ‫م‬

Verb be + subject + going to + inf?

Am I going to buy a car ?

2) planning to :

‫خ‬ٞ‫ف ّنُ٘ جَو ٍضجزٔ ٍْٗف‬ٞ‫م‬

1) Positive form :
S + verb be {is,are,am} + planning to + inf

2) negative form :
S + verb be + subject + planning to + inf
3) question form :
Verb be + subject + planning to + inf
: ‫ٍثال‬
I am planning to buy a car
I am not planning to buy a car
Am I planning to buy a car?
: going to and planning to ً‫ ّسزخذ‬ٚ‫ ٍز‬
. ‫ اىَسزقجو‬ٜ‫قٖب ف‬ٞ‫ذ رحق‬ٝ‫ب ّش‬ٝ‫ ػْذٍب ّزحذس ػِ ّ٘ا‬going to ً‫) ّسزخذ‬1
.‫ت‬ٝ‫ اىَسزقجو اىقش‬ٜ‫ ف‬going to ً‫غ اسزخذا‬ٞ‫ضب ّسزط‬ٝ‫) ا‬2
I am going to be a famous actor : ‫ٍضل‬
. ٔ‫جت اُ ّفؼي‬ٝ ‫ف‬ٞ‫ِ ّٗقشس م‬ٞ‫ء ٍؼ‬ٜ‫ ػْذٍب ّخطظ ىفؼو ش‬planning to ً‫) ػبدح ّسزخذ‬3
What are you planning to say at the meeting ?
be ‫ٌ افؼبه‬ٝ‫ حبىخ اىسإاه ّقً٘ ثزقذ‬ٜ‫ ٗف‬is, are, am ‫ ثؼذ‬not ‫ف‬ٞ‫ ّض‬ٜ‫ حبىخ اىْف‬ٜ‫) ف‬4
She is not planning to buy a car .

: ّٔ‫ِ اىسؤاه فا‬ٝ٘‫ حاىح ذن‬ٜ‫ ف‬

not ٜ‫) ّحزف اداح اىْف‬1
ٓ‫ اىَضبه اػل‬ٜ‫ مَب ف‬is, are, am = be ‫ٌ افؼبه‬ٝ‫) ّقً٘ ثزقذ‬2

2) would like to , would rather :

: would rather, would like to ً‫ ّسرخذ‬ٚ‫* ٍر‬

: ‫ء ٍب ٍضل‬ٜ‫ذ اُ ّفؼو ش‬ٝ‫ ػْذٍب ّش‬would like to ً‫) ّسزخذ‬1

I would like to travel around the word one day.

ُ‫ذ ا‬ٝ‫ حبىخ ّش‬ٜ‫ ٗف‬would like ‫ ٍغ‬to ٜ‫ضب ً رأر‬ٝ‫ ٍِ االضبفبد ٗا‬ٜ‫ فؼو خبى‬would like to ‫ ثؼذ‬ٜ‫أر‬ٝ ّٔ‫ ا‬ٛ‫أ‬
. not ‫ اىجَيخ فإّْب ّقً٘ ثإضبفخ‬ٜ‫ّْف‬

‫ذ‬ٝ‫ش‬ٝ ‫ أّ ػْذٍب‬ٛ‫ء ثشنو ٍإدة ( أ‬ٜ‫ذ اُ ّسأه ػِ ش‬ٝ‫ ػْذٍب ّش‬would like to ً ‫ضب‬ٝ‫) ّسزخذً ا‬2
:‫نُ٘ اىسإاه ثشنو ٍإدة ) ٍضل‬ٝٗ would like to ً‫سزخذ‬ٝ ‫ء ٍِ شخض اخش‬ٜ‫طيت ش‬ٝ ُ‫شخض ا‬

Would you like to see the menu ?

ٜ‫ضب ً دائَب رأر‬ٝ‫ ا‬.‫ء اخش‬ٜ‫ء ٍب ػِ ش‬ٜ‫ ػْذٍب ّفضو ش‬ٛ‫و أ‬ٞ‫ ٍغ اىزفض‬would rather ً‫) ّسزخذ‬3
‫ ٍِ االضبفبد‬ٜ‫ فؼو ٍظذس خبى‬ٛ‫ أ‬infinitive ‫ ثؼذٕب‬ٜ‫أر‬ٝ ً ‫ ثؼذٕب دائَب‬to ُٗ‫ ثذ‬would rather
ٜ‫ذ اُ ّْف‬ٝ‫ اىجَيخ ٗاالفضو أّ ػْذٍب ّش‬ٜ‫ذ ّف‬ٝ‫ حبىخ ّش‬ٜ‫ ف‬would rather ً‫ضب ً ّبدسا ٍب ّسزخذ‬ٝ‫ا‬
: ‫ ٍضل‬would rather ً‫اىجَيخ اُ ال ّسزخذ‬
I would rather go on a walking holiday
Would you rather sit inside or on the terrace
 'd = would ‫ اخزظبس‬: ٔ‫) ٍالحظ‬4
I 'd like to go / I 'd rather go : ‫ٍضل‬
would like to / would rather ً‫ح تاسرخذا‬ٞ‫ف ّنُ٘ جَو ٍثثرح اٗ ٍْف‬ٞ‫ م‬
Positive form : S + would like to / would rather + inf + C .
‫ رنَيخ اىجَيخ‬C = complement = inf =
ً‫ = ّبدس االسزخذا‬S+ would rather + not +inf
Negative form :
S + would – not + like to +inf
Question form : would + s + like to / rather + inf ?

: ‫ اىق٘اػذ اىساتقح‬ٚ‫ اٍثيح ػي‬

They would like to stay at home = positive
They would not like to stay at home = negative
‫ ٍِ اىجَيخ‬not ‫) ّحزف‬1
‫خ‬ٝ‫ اىجذا‬ٜ‫ ف‬WOULD ٌٝ‫) ّقً٘ ثزقذ‬2
Would they like to stay at home ?

she would rather stay at home = positive )2

would rather ‫ ثؼذ‬not ‫ف‬ٞ‫ = ّض‬Negative

She would rather not stay at home

‫ ّبدسا ٍب‬would rather ِ‫ ٗىن‬would like to ‫ فؼيْبٕب ٍغ‬ٜ‫ = ّؼَو ّفس اىخط٘اد اىز‬Question
ٜ‫ حبىخ اىْف‬ٜ‫رسزخذً ف‬

Would she rather stay at home ?

B ) predictions : will and won't

: will and won't ً‫ ّسرخذ‬ٚ‫ ٍر‬

: ‫ ٍضل‬. ‫ب‬ٝ‫ خطظ اٗ ّ٘ا‬ٛ‫ضب ً ّسزخذٍٖب ػْذٍب ال ر٘جذ أ‬ٝ‫حظو ٗا‬ٞ‫ء س‬ٜ‫ ػْذٍب ّز٘قغ ش‬will ً‫ّسزخذ‬
The weather will be very hot in July .
‫ ٍِ االضبفخ‬ٜ‫ فؼو ٍظذس خبى‬will ‫ ثؼذ‬ٜ‫أر‬ٝ ‫ضب دائَب‬ٝ‫ا‬
: ‫خ ٍضو‬ٝ‫ ىيجذا‬will ٌٝ‫ فبّٔ ّقً٘ ثزقذ‬will ً‫ذ اُ ّنُ٘ سإاه ثبسزخذا‬ٝ‫ حبىخ ّش‬ٜ‫ٗف‬
Will there be a lot of people ?
ٜ‫ ف‬will ً‫ أّ ّسزخذ‬ٛ‫ اىجَو ( أ‬ْٚ‫) ٗرىل ٍِ خله ٍؼ‬will – going to( ِٞ‫٘جذ ْٕبك اخزلف ث‬ٝ )2
‫ اٍب ػْذٍب‬will ً‫ِ فإّْب ّسزخذ‬ٞ‫ء ٍؼ‬ٜ‫ أّ ػْذٍب ّز٘قغ حظ٘ه ش‬ٛ‫حبىخ اىز٘قؼبد ّفس االٍضيخ اػلٓ أ‬
. going to ً‫ف اّْب ّسزخذ‬ٞ‫ ىفؼو ش‬ّْٛ٘ ٗ‫ّخطظ ا‬
:‫ٍضل‬
We are going to visit the London eye today
It will be busy and we will have to queue

I think – I don't think ‫ ٍغ‬will ً‫) ػبدح ٍب ّسزخذ‬3

:‫ٍضل‬
Do you think France will win?
I don't think she will be very happy
able to and have ( will ‫ ٍغ‬ٜ‫ ٗىنِ ٍَنِ اُ رأر‬can- must‫ ٍغ‬will ً‫َنِ اُ ّسزخذ‬ٝ ‫) ال‬4
)to
We will be able to go swimming
If you go in march you will have to take a warm coat
: ‫ سؤاه‬ٚ‫ح اٗ ٍثثرح ثٌ ّح٘ىٖا اى‬ٞ‫َنِ اُ ّنُ٘ جَو ٍْف‬ٝ ‫ف‬ٞ‫ م‬

: )positive form ( ‫ااىقبػذح اىَضجزخ‬

S + will + inf
:)negative form( ‫خ‬ٞ‫اىقبػذح اىَْف‬
S + will {not} + inf
will = won't : ‫االخزظبس‬
will + S +inf ? : )question form( ‫ِ اىسإاه‬ٝ٘‫رن‬
they , we , you , I , he , she , it = ‫= اىفاػو‬S
: ‫اٍضيخ‬
You will be here at six
You won't be here at six
Will you be here at six ?

Modal 7
A ) present perfect :

The form : subject + has / have + past participle

- positive form = S + have/has + p.p
- negative form = S + have/has {not} + p.p
- question form = Have /has + s + p.p
: ٔ‫اٍثي‬
 ‫ر٘جذ ْٕبك ّ٘ػ‪ ٍِ ِٞ‬االفؼبه ٍْزظَخ ٗغ‪ٞ‬ش ٍْزظَخ ‪ .‬االفؼبه اىَْزظَخ رْزٖ‪ ٜ‬ة ‪ٍ ed‬ضل ‪:‬‬ ‫‪)1‬‬
‫‪Finish = finished‬‬
‫االفؼبه اىغ‪ٞ‬ش اىَْزظَخ ٕٗ‪ ٜ‬اىز‪ ٜ‬رزغ‪ٞ‬ش مبٍلً ٍضو ‪have = had :‬‬ ‫‪)2‬‬
‫ّسزخذً اىَضبسع اىزبً ػْذٍب ّزحذس ػِ اىَبض‪ٗ ٜ‬اىحبضش ف‪ّ ٜ‬فس اى٘قذ فٖ٘ ‪ٝ‬خجشّب ػِ اى٘قذ‬ ‫‪)3‬‬
‫اىحبضش ٍضل ‪I have met Daniel before :‬‬
‫‪ Has‬رأر‪ٍ ٜ‬غ اىَفبػ‪ٞ‬و اىَفشدح ٕٗ‪he , she, it ٜ‬‬ ‫‪)4‬‬
‫‪ Have‬رأر‪ٍ ٜ‬غ اىجَغ ٕٗ‪they , we, you, I ٜ‬‬
‫ف‪ ٜ‬حبىخ اىْف‪ّ ٜ‬ض‪ٞ‬ف ‪ not‬ثؼذ ‪ٝٗ have and has‬نُ٘ اىفؼو اىز‪ٝ ٛ‬أر‪ ٜ‬ثؼذِٕ ف‪ ٜ‬حبىخ اىزظش‪ٝ‬ف‬ ‫‪)5‬‬
‫اىضبىش ‪.‬‬
‫‪1) they have finished work / she has finished work‬‬
‫‪2) they have not finished work / she has not finished work‬‬
‫? ‪3) have they finished work ? / has she finished work‬‬

‫‪B ) present and past simple with for :‬‬

‫ٍر‪ّ ٚ‬سرخذً اىَضاسع اىراً ٍغ ‪:for‬‬
‫‪ٗ )1‬رىل ػْذٍب ّزحذس ػِ حذس اٗ حبىٔ ٍسزَشح ٍِ اىَبض‪ ٜ‬اى‪ ٚ‬اى٘قذ اىحبضش‬

‫‪I 've been in New york for two weeks‬‬ ‫ٍضل ‪'ve = have :‬‬

‫‪ّ )2‬سزخذً اىَبض‪ ٜ‬اىجس‪ٞ‬ظ ٍغ ‪ for‬ػْذٍب ّزحذس ػِ حذس حذس ف‪ ٜ‬اىَبض‪ ٜ‬اٗ حبىخ ف‪ٗ ٜ‬قذ ٍؼ‪ٍِ ِٞ‬‬
‫اىَبض‪ٗ ٜ‬اّزٖذ ( ‪ٝ‬ؼْ‪ ٜ‬ش‪ٜ‬ء حذس ف‪ ٜ‬اىَبض‪) ٜ‬‬
‫ٍضل ‪I was in New york for two weeks :‬‬

‫ٍالحظح ‪:‬‬

‫‪ ‬ا‪ ٛ‬أّ ّسزخذً اىَضبسع اىزبً ػْذٍب ّزحذس ػِ ش‪ٜ‬ء حظو ف‪ ٜ‬اىَبض‪ٗ ٜ‬ىنِ اصشٓ ثبق‪ ٜ‬اى‪ٍْ٘ٝ ٚ‬ب ٕزا‬
‫(اى٘قذ اىحبضش) ٍضل ػْذٍب ّق٘ه اُ ْٕبك حشة حظيذ ف‪ ٜ‬احذ‪ ٙ‬اىذٗه قجو فزشح ط٘‪ٝ‬ئ ف‪ ٜ‬اىَبض‪ٜ‬‬
‫ٗىنِ اصش اىزذٍ‪ٞ‬ش ثبق‪ ٜ‬اى‪ ٚ‬االُ أ‪َٝ ٛ‬نْْب سؤ‪ٝ‬زٔ ارُ ف‪ٕ ٜ‬زا اى٘قذ ّسزخذً اىَضبسع اىزبً ‪.‬‬

‫‪C ) present perfect and past simple with other time words :‬‬
‫‪1 ) time phrases with past simple :‬‬
‫ّسزخذً اىَبض‪ ٜ‬اىجس‪ٞ‬ظ ػْذٍب ّزحذس ػِ حذس اّزٖ‪ ٚ‬ف‪ ٜ‬اىَبض‪ٜ‬‬
‫‪ ‬ػبدح ّسزخذً ٕزٓ اىؼجبساد ىيذالىخ ػي‪ ٚ‬اىَبض‪ ٜ‬اىجس‪ٞ‬ظ ‪:‬‬
‫‪a) days , dates , time , years :‬‬
‫‪yesterday / in 2002‬‬
‫‪b) last – ago :‬‬
‫‪last week / five years ago‬‬
‫‪c) questions and statements with when :‬‬
‫‪when I was ten years old‬‬
2) time phrases with the present perfect :
ّٔ‫ ا‬ٛ‫ حظو ٕزا اىحذس أ‬ٚ‫ ٗال ّؼشف ثبىضجظ ٍز‬, ً‫ اىَضبسع اىزب‬ٚ‫ ػجبساد رذه ػي‬ٛ‫) ػبدح ال ر٘جذ أ‬1
‫ ٍحذدح‬ٛ‫ْخ أ‬ٞ‫٘جذ فزشح ٍؼ‬ٝ ‫ال‬
she has lived in Italy, Egypt and France : ‫ٍضل‬
: ‫ذ ٍضل‬ٝ‫ ىِ اى٘قذ ثبىزحذ‬ٜ‫ اى٘قذ ٍغ ٕزا اىضٍِ فإّٖب ال رؼط‬ٚ‫ رذه ػي‬ٜ‫) ػْذٍب ّسزخذً اىنيَبد اىز‬2
- she has just had her first baby { short time ago }
- he has already sold a million copies { before now }
- he has never been abroad { not at any time }
- I have not finished yet { before now , only in questions and negative }
‫ حبىخ‬ٜ‫ ف‬ٜ‫ ثبق‬ٛ‫ اى٘قذ اىز‬ٚ‫ رؼ٘د اى‬ٜ‫ اى٘قذ اىز‬ٚ‫ رذه ػي‬ٜ‫) ّسزخذً اىَضبسع اىزبً ٍغ اىؼجبساد اىز‬3
‫االسزَشاس ٍضل‬
1 ) I have not seen him this morning { this morning is not finished }
2) Barbara has done very well so far{ up to now }

Best of luck
Summarized by : Safia Hani Al-Habshi