■■■MIXED TENSE■■■

PUT THE VERBS BETWEEN BRACKETS IN THE CORRECT FORM:

IRREGULAR VERBS
TARJAMA VERB S.PAST PP TARJAMA VERB S.PAST PP
‫كان‬ Be Was/were Been ‫فقد‬/‫ضيع‬ Lose Lost Lost
‫بدا‬ Begin Began Begun ‫خلق‬ Make Made Made
‫كسر‬ Break Broke Broken ‫التقى‬ Meet Met Met
‫جلب‬ Bring Brought Brought ‫خلص‬ Pay Paid Paid
‫بنى‬ Build Built Built ‫جرى‬ Run ran Run
‫اشترى‬ Buy Bought Bought ‫رن‬ Ring Rang Rung
‫امسك‬ Catch Caught Caught ‫قال‬ Say Said Said
‫اتى‬ Come Came Come ‫راى‬ See saw Seen
‫فعل‬ Do Did Done ‫باع‬ Sell Sold Sold
‫ساق‬ Drive Drove Driven ‫ارسل‬ Send sent Sent
‫شرب‬ Drink Drank Drunk ‫قضى‬ Spend spent Spent
‫اكل‬ Eat Ate Eaten ‫تكلم‬ Speak Spoke Spoken
‫وقع‬ Fall Fell Fallen ‫غنى‬ Sing sang Sung
‫احس‬ Feel Felt Felt ‫اسس‬/‫رتب‬ Set Set Set
‫حصل‬ Get Got Got ‫جلس‬ Sit Sat Sat
‫اعطى‬ Give Gave Given ‫نام‬ Sleep Slept Slept
‫ذهب‬ Go Went Gone ‫اخذ‬ Take took Taken
‫يملك‬ Have Had Had ‫اخبر‬ Tell told Told
‫سمع‬ Hear Heard Heard ‫رمى‬ Throw Threw Thrown
‫امسك‬/‫نظم‬ Hold Held Held ‫فهم‬ Understand understood Understood
‫عرف‬ Know Knew Known ‫لبس‬ Wear Wore Worn
‫حافظ‬ Keep Kept Kept ‫ربح‬ Win won Won
‫ترك‬/‫غادر‬ Leave Left Left ‫كتب‬ Write Wrote written
.
FORMS
(VERB) (VERB / NOT) (VERB/SUBJECT).....?
1. Simple present Verb+s/verb Don’t/doesn’t+verb Do/does+S+vb
2. Present continuous Is are am + verbing Is are am+ not+verbing Is are am + S +verbing
3. Present perfect simple Has/have +PP Has/have +not+PP Has/have + S +PP
4. Present perfect continuous Has/have been + verbing Has/have not been + verbing Has/have+ S +been + vbing
5. Simple past Verb+ed / irregular Didn’t +verb Did + S + verb
6. Past continuous Was/were + verbing Was/were +not+ verbing Was/were +S+verbing
7. Past perfect simple Had + pp Had + not+pp Had +S+ pp
8. Past perfect continuous Had been +verbing Had not+been +verbing Had +S+been +verbing
9. Simple future Will/’ll +verb Won’t +verb Will/’ll + S +verb
10. Future perfect simple Will have +pp Will not have +pp Will+ S +have +pp
11. Future perfect continuous Will have been + verbing Will not have been + verbing Will +S +have been + vbing

Verb= verb infinitive PP=past participle S= subject

 KEY WORDS: ‫الكلمات المفاتيح‬

A: CONTEXT B: PAST C: FUTURE

1 : FOR / OVER / ALL / ABOUT +TIME SP simple past: (v) verb+ed/ irregular (v/not) did not + V 1. Simple future
a. Past : had been + vbing PPS past perfect simple: (V) had + pp (V/not) had not pp Tomorrow – next – this – at the
b. Future : will have been + vbing PC past continuous: was / were + verb+ing end of – soon – in 2024
Exception:(be) – (see) – (know) 1. Before -----SP------, -----PPS--- (V)=will+vb
(past): Had + pp – (future): will have + pp 2. -----SP----, ----PPS----- Before. (V/not)= won’t+vb
3. ------PPS------ Before -------SP- 2. Future perfect simple
2: (VERB/X) x = already / just / never / 4. As soon as – after – because - ‫ ≠ ضد‬before By + time / in five weeks /years/
ever / recently 5. When/ while : days/minutes
a. Past : had + x + pp simple past(‫ أو )مدة قصيرة‬Past continuous(‫)مدة طويلة‬ (verb)=will have + pp
b. Present: has/have + x + pp 6. Last / ago/ yesterday / in 2019 = S.P (verb/not)= will not have + pp

1. Since … s. past …, …has/have+pp… 5. … (vb/not)…has/have not pp …yet.

2. …has/have+pp… since … s. past … 6. These days – now – at the moment - …! – Tonight – today.
3. So far : has/have + pp (verb) = is/are/am +verbing (to be) = is / are / am
4. (sb/vb) … has/have+ SB + pp …yet?

■■■■■■■G & I■■■■■■■

GERUND & INFINITIVE
CIRCLE THE CORRECT (WORD / FORM OF THE VERB):

A) Let- make – help – made + ‫(غير مباشر‬verb) = verb

Verb B) Modal (must- can- could- should -may –might- will –would-‘d better-
‘d rather) + ‫( مباشر‬verb) = verb
Promise – ask – refuse -try- manage– want – forget – would like -
recommend – advise – accept – expect – intend- easy choose- mention-
To verb demand- call-need-miss-hope-agree-disagree– remind- deserve – tell –
encourage – risk–afford-force- so as –allow – plan- pretend – refuse –
decide-allow + ‫( مباشر أو غير مباشر‬verb) = to verb
To verbing Look forward – use + ‫(مباشر‬verb) = to verbing
verbing Nothing of the above ‫عدم وجود أي رمز مما سبق‬+(verb) = verbing
 ■■PASSIVE VOICE■■
REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES AS SUGGESTED:
ACTIVE→ PASSIVE ACTIVE→ PASSIVE
1. Simple present: VB+s / VB* Is / are + pp 6. Past contin: was/were +vbing Was/were +being +pp
2. Simple present: don’t / doesn’t +vb Is / are + not + pp 7. Present perfect: has/have + pp Has/have +been +pp
3. Simple past: vbed/irregular2 Was / were + pp 8. Past perfect: had + pp Had + been+ pp
4. Simple past: didn’t +vb Was/were +not pp 9. Modal+ vb Modal +be+ pp
5. Prese. continuous: is/are/am +vbing Is/are +being + pp 10. Modal + have + pp Modal +have+ been+pp
Modals (9 & 10): must – can –could– may –might – should- need- will- would – have to – has to – had to – ought to – is/are going to – used to

Active→ Passive Active → Passive

1. Think Is / are thought 4. Thought Was / were thougth
2. Believe Is / are believed 5. Believed Was / were believed
3. Say Is / are said 6. Said Was / were said

■■■CONDITIONAL■■■
PUT THE VERBS BETWEEN BRACKETS IN THE CORRECT FORM:

Conditional 1 If …..… ( simple present) ……. …………….. ( simple future)…………………

Simple present: (verb)= verb+S / verb* (verb/not)= don’t /doesn’t + verb
REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES AS SUGGESTED:
Cause Effect
Conditional 2 If ………( simple past ) ………… ………..…. (Would /not/ verb) ………………..
Conditional 3 If ………( past perfect ) ………… ………( would /not/ have + PP) ………………

CONDITIONAL(2) CONDITIONAL(3)
CAUSE CAUSE
SIMPLE PRESENT →SIMPLE PAST SIMPLE PAST →PAST PERFECT
●verb+s ,verb →didn’t + verb ●Verb+ed , irregular →had not + PP
●don’t,doesn’t + verb →verb+ed , irregular ●didn’t + verb →had + PP
●IS / Are / Am →Were (not) ●Was / Were (not) → had (not) been
→EFFECT : would (not) + verb →EFFECT: would (not) have + PP
‫●◄فين السبب فين النتيجة‬
(EFFECT) Because/As/Since (CAUSE) (CAUSE) so/as a result/therefore/that’s why/consequently (EFFECT)
 ■■WISHES/REGRET■■
REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES AS SUGGESTED:
■PRESENT → ■PAST → ■PAST PERFECT
●Verb+s/verb /●don’t – doesn’t +verb ●Did not + verb / ●verb+ed / irregular ●Had (not) pp
●Is are am (not) ●Were (not) ●Had (not) been
●Can (not) + verb ●Could (not) + verb ●Could (not) have + pp

‫●← نغيرفعل السبب فقط و ال نكتب النتيجة‬

:‫●← ال تكتب العبارات التالية‬
Oh dear – i m sorry – it’s a pity – i regret

■REPORTED SPEECH■
→THAT ‫( كانبداو ب‬Indicative) ‫جملة عادية‬

●#VERB →TO + VERB ●#DON’T + VERB →NOT TO + VERB ....‫( كانبداو ب‬imperative) ‫جملة امر‬

 →WH ‫ او‬IF
: WH ‫هدو هما‬ ‫( كانبداو ب‬interregative) ‫جملة سؤال‬
where, when, how ,what, why, who, whose, which, how much, how often, how many,
how far, how long, how old, what time
 do/does + Subject+verb→ (simple past)  did + + Subject+ verb→ (had+PP)
 INVERSION: are you going →you are going (Are-is-am-was-were-will-can-may-could-have-has)

:‫ و ماتنساش راه كاينين بعض االستثناءات في الطريقة باش كانبداو‬... 

►Advised / promised / offered→ + to / not to + verb & ►Suggested→ + verbing
CHANGING PRONOUNS CHANGING WORDS
I →he /she We →they You + verb → I-he-she-they -this →that -Yesterday →the day before
Me →him /her Us →them Verb+you →me-him-her-them -these →those -Tomorrow →the day after
My →his /her Our →their Your →my-his-her-their -Now →then -Next →the following
-today →that day -last →the previous
-here →there
►Refers to 1 ►Refers to 2
CHANGING VERBS
Simple present Simple past Past perfect Can = could Won’t=wouldn’t
Vb+s/vb Vbed / irregular Had + pp Must = had to May =might
Don’t /doesn’t +vb Didn’t + vb Had not +pp Mustn’t = didn’t have to Have /has = had
Is / are / am Was / were Had been Will=would
 ■■LINKING WORDS■■
EXPRESS PURPOSE ‫التعبير عن الهذف‬
So as to
The government has built more schools. they wanted to reduce rates of illiteracy.(so as to)
In order to →The government has built more schools so as to reduce rates of illiteracy.
‫الحذف‬
For The government has built more schools. they wanted to reduce rates of illiteracy.(for)
ing + ‫→ الحذف‬The government has built more schools for reducing rates of illiteracy.
In order
The government has built more schools. they wanted to reduce rates of illiteracy.(so that)
that so that →The government has built more schools so that they could reduce rates of illiteracy.
‫التعويض‬

CAUSE & EFFECT ‫التعبير عن السبب و النتيجة‬

GROUP 1 : CHANGE GROUP 1 : NO CHANGE
‫بفضل‬ change‫قواعد التغيير‬ So
Thanks to Cause(change),Effect(no) 1.THERE IS/ARE -THERE WAS/ Therefore Effect ‫بسبب‬ Cause
‫بسبب‬ WERE+ COMPLEMENT Cause As a result Effect Because
Owing to Consequently Since
E (no change) Due to C (change) 2.NAME/PRONOUN + That’s why As
Because of VERB(ING)+COMPLEMENT ‫إذن‬

3.the weather was bad

‫ = قلب‬the bad weather

ADDITION & CONCESSION ‫التعبير عن االضافة و بالرغم من‬

GROUP 1 : CHANGE GROUP 1 : NO CHANGE
‫بالرغم‬ change‫قواعد التغيير‬ ‫باإلضافة‬
Despite Moreover ‫لكن‬
1(change),2(no change) 1.THERE IS/ARE -THERE WAS/ ‫بالرغم من‬
In spite of Yet
WERE+ COMPLEMENT Although 1. Furthermore
1 , 2 Whereas
Though ,2
‫باإلضافة‬ 2.NAME/PRONOUN + Even though
1. However ,2
In addition
1(no change) Along with 2(change) VERB(ING)+COMPLEMENT ‫بالرغم‬
Even if Beside / As well as
In addition to Nonetheless
what’s more
Nevertheless
3.the weather was bad
‫ = قلب‬the bad weather

SB+ do/does/did + not only + VB + .... , but Sb + also + VB …. SB+ be / modal + not only + VB + …. , but Sb + be + also +
 FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH LINKING WORDS ‫امال الفراغ‬
_____ …..vb……. ……. _____ ….vb…. _______+vbing/noun
‫بالرغم من‬ ‫ باإلضافة‬:moreover-as well as – beside – what’s more ‫ بسبب‬: due to – because of –
Although – even though – – furthermore – in addition owing to
though - Even if ‫ لكن‬: however – but – whereas – on the contrary. ‫ بفضل‬: thanks to
‫ اذن‬: as a result – consequently – so – therefore – ‫بالرغم‬: despite – in spite of
that’s why ‫ باإلضافة‬: along with – in
‫ بسبب‬: because – since – as addition to
‫ بالرغم‬: nonetheless – nevertheless
______+verb* ……____+sb +can/could
‫ لكي‬: so as to – in order to ‫ لكي‬:so that – in order that

■■PHRASAL VERBS■■
Phrasal verb Explanation Phrasal verb Explanation Phrasal verb Explanation
1. Put up ‫ارتفع‬/‫استضاف‬ 1. Look after ‫يعتني‬ 1. Take off ‫نزع‬/‫أقلعت الطائر‬
2. Put off ‫اجل‬ 2. Look for ‫يبحث عن شيء‬ 2. Take up ‫بدء‬
3. Put up with ‫تحمل‬ 3. Look forward ‫يشتاق‬ 3. Take to ‫يشبه‬
4. Put out ‫أطفا النار‬ 4. Look into ‫تحقق من‬ 4. Turn up ‫وصل‬/‫رفع الصوت‬
5. Put on ‫لبس‬ 5. Look out ‫احترس‬ 5. Turn down ‫خفض الصوت‬/‫رفض‬
6. Put down ‫وضع‬ 6. Look up ‫يبحث عن معلومة‬ 6. Turn off ‫أطفا‬
7. Run out of ‫نفذ‬ 7. Hand in ‫سلم‬ 7. Turn on ‫شغل‬
8. Run over ‫دهس‬ 8. Hand out ‫وزع‬ 8. Pass out ‫أغمي عليه‬
9. Run into ‫واجه‬ 9. Set off ‫انطلق‬ 9. Pass away ‫مات‬
10. Go up ‫ارتفع‬ 10. Set up ‫أسس‬ 10. Cheer up ‫ابتهج‬
11. Go off ‫انقطع التيار‬/‫انفجر‬ 11. Check out ‫انتهى الحجز‬ 11. Eat out ‫أكل خارجا‬
12. Go through ‫مر بتجربة‬ 12. Check in ‫حجز‬ 12. Find out ‫وجد‬
13. Come out ‫ظهر‬ 13. Break into ‫تسلل‬ 13. Pick up ‫جمع‬/‫تعلم‬
14. Come across ‫وجد صدفة‬ 14. Break out ‫اندلعت النار‬ 14. Write down ‫كتب‬
15. Come into ‫ورث‬ 15. Break down ‫توقف عن العمل‬ 15. Cut down ‫نقص‬
16. Apply for ‫فيزا‬/ ‫طلب عمل‬ 16. Bring up ‫يربي‬ 16. Give up ‫توقف عن‬
17. Fill in ‫مال‬ 17. Bring about ‫تسبب في‬ 17. Make up ‫خلق‬
18. Stand for ‫ يرمز إلى‬/ ‫يعني‬ 18. Settle down ‫استقر‬ 18. Make out ‫ميز‬/‫فهم‬
19. Get along ‫تفاهم‬ 19. Keep up with ‫يساير‬ 19. Let down ‫خذل‬
20. Get over ‫تعافى‬ 20. Keep on ‫يستمر‬ 20. Call off ‫ألغى‬

■■RELATIVE PRON■■
‫ شخص‬+ who + verb ‫ غير عاقل‬+ which + verb ‫ مكان‬+ which + verb
‫ شخص‬+ whom + subject + verb ‫ غير عاقل‬+ which + subject verb ‫ مكان‬+ where/which + subject + verb
‫ مهما يكن‬+ whose + subject + be ‫ زمان‬+ when + subject + verb That’s / the reason + why + ‫مهما يكن‬
Be= is –are- was- were -been …etc.
 ■■■■■MODALS■■■■■
Arabic translation Modal Function
‫متاكد‬/‫يجب‬ Must Certainty/obligation
‫ممنوع‬ Mustn’t Prohibition
‫من االفضل‬ Should-ought to- ‘d better Advice
‫غير مقبول‬ Shouldn’t – oughtn’t to Criticism
‫يستطيع‬/‫يمكن‬ Can – could Ability/possibility
‫ ال يستطيع‬/‫ال يمكن‬ Can’t Impossibility/inability
‫ربما‬ May – might Probability
‫ضروري‬
Need – have to – has to – had to Necessity/obligation
‫غير ضروري‬
Needn’t- don’t/doesn’t/didn’t have to Not necessary

■■■■WORD FORM■■■■
1. Able Ability 1. Child Childhood 1. Illiterate Illiteracy 1. Promotion Promote

2. Achieve Achievement 2. Citizen Citizenship 2. Immature Mature 2. Pregnant Pregnancy

3. Active Action 3. Confine Confinement 3. Important Importance 3. Profession Professional

4. independe
4. Advantage Disadvantage 4. Cooperate Cooperation Independence 4. Protection Protect
nt
5. Adventure Adventurous 5. Consume Consumption 5. Invest Investment 5. Rely Reliable

6. Addict Addiction 6. Criticism Criticize 6. Interest Interesting 6. Require Requirement

7. Agree Agreement 7. Cultural Culture 7. Laugh Laughter 7. Responsibility Irresponsibility

8. Ambitious Ambition 8. Develop Development 8. Law Legal/illegal 8. Read Re read

9. Applicatio
Apply 9. Developed Underdeveloped 9. Legal Illegal 9. Retire Retirement
n
10. Assistance Assist 10. Dependent Independent 10. Literate Illiterate 10. Risk Risky

11. Artistic Art 11. Description Describe 11. Medicine Medical 11. Satisfy Satisfying

12. Arrange Arrangement 12. Destroy Destruction 12. Necessity Necessary 12. Safe Safety

13. Autonomy Autonomous 13. Dominate Domination 13. Number Out number 13. Strong Strength

14. Audacious Audacity 14. Enthusiasm Enthusiastic 14. Obey Dis-obedient 14. Successful Success

15. Aware Awareness 15. Energy Energetic 15. Optimist Optimistic 15. Titled Subtitled
16. Entertainm
16. Behave Behaviour Entertain 16. Power Empowerment 16. Tolerance Tolerant/ tolerate
ent
17. Careful Care 17. Globalise Globalization 17. Please Pleasure 17. Understanding Misunderstanding
18. Celebratio
Celebrate 18. Harm Harmful 18. Perform Performance 18. Use Misuse
n
19. Certain Certainty 19. Health Healthy 19. Poverty Poor 19. Violent Violence

20. Challenge Challenging 20. Humour Humorous 20. Popular Popularity 20. Write Rewrite
 ■■■■FUNCTION■■■■
As for opinion Give opinion Agreement Disagreement
‫طلب الراي‬ ‫تقديم راي‬ ‫الموافقة‬ ‫المعارضة‬
– What is your opinion – In my view,.......– For me,.... – I share the same view. – I don’t share the same view.
about.............? – To my mind,................. – I agree with you. – I disagree with you.
– What do you think about...? – From my point of view, – You are right. – You are wrong.
– What is your view about....? – As far as I am concerned, – Absolutely.– Exactly. – I don’t agree.
Make a request Accept request Decline/refuse request Lack of understanding
‫تقديم طلب‬ ‫قبول طلب‬ ‫رفض طلب‬ ‫عدم الفهم‬
– Could you please,.. ...? – Of course. – Sorry, I can’t. – I beg your pardon.
– Will you.............? – Yes, sure. – I am afraid, not. – sorry, I didn’t understand
– Would you.................? – With pleasure. – I am sorry, no. – I didn’t get your point.
– Would you mind …. – Not at all. – I wish I could but..........
Asking for clarification Asking for advice Giving advice Accepting advice
‫طلب توضيح‬ ‫طلب نصيحة‬ ‫تقديم نصيحة‬ ‫قبول نصيحة‬
– Could you repeat,please? – What should I do? – You should (not)....... – That’s a good idea, thanks.
– What do you mean by …. – I don’t know what to do. – You ought (not) to........ – It sounds a good idea.
– Could you explain more, Can you help me? – You’d better (not)
please? – If I were you, I would....
– Would you elaborate on
that, please?
Make a complaint Respond to a complaint Make an apology Make a suggestion
‫تقديم شكاية‬ ‫الرد على شكاية‬ ‫تقديم اعتذار‬ ‫تقديم اقتراح‬
– I am sorry, but.......... – I’m so sorry. I didn’t realize – I do apologize. – Let’s...............?
– Sorry to say this, but... that. – I am really sorry about this. – How about + verb +
– maybe you forgot to …. – sorry there is nothing to do – I can’t tell you how sorry I – What about + verb +
- Enough is enough about it. am. – Why don’t we...........?
– Oh! I am sorry about that
Accept suggestion Respond to good news Responding to bad news Asking for permission
‫قبول اقتراح‬ ‫الرد على خبر جيد‬ ‫الرد على خبر سيء‬ ‫طلب االذن‬
– Ok let’s. That’s good news! That’s bad news! -May I ...................?
– That’s a good idea. That’s wonderful! That’s terrible! -Can I............?
– That sounds a good idea, I’m glad to hear that! I’m sad to hear that! -Is it OK if................?
thanks. Congratulations! How sad! -Would it be all right if.....
– Yes, why not. - No let’s not. Really? I can’t believe it. That must be awful!