.
( Grammar )
Pronouns
: a pronoun replaces a noun
Subject pronouns
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
Object pronouns
me
you
him
her
it
us
you
them
.Examples: - I go to school everyday.
Singular ( )
Plural ( )
Possessive adjectives
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their
- This is my book.
- This book is mine.
Possessive pronouns
mine
yours
his
hers
its
ours
yours
theirs
- Give me the book.
Reflexive pronouns
myself
yourself
himself
herself
itself
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
- The boys hurt themselves
Reflexive pronouns
myself yourself himself herself itself
ourselves yourselves themselves
( ) -1
My father himself cleaned the car -2
( Did you do your homework on your own?
( on your own = by yourself = alone -3
: -4
approach afford bath dress shave wash meet sit down stand up worry decide remember concentrate
I shaved after I had got up
( She put her bag next to her (herself
position place -5
( Idioms with reflexive pronouns ) -6
enjoyed ourselves behave themselves help yourself make yourself
Let the kid do it for himself ( for ) -7
He lives by himself = alone ( by ) -8
I answered these questions by myself = no body helped me
Ali cut himself
Practice
.Fill in the gaps *
?A: Welcome to the class.
2- A: That is Hans. ..is
.B: am David and this is
from Germany.
.Maria. is from Italy
?A: And who are ..?
5- A: Do you know Maria?
. B: ..are new students from Qatar.
B: No, I don't know ... .
3- A: Where is Qatar -1
B: is near Saudi Arabia
6- A: Do you know the teacher -4
B: No, I don't know
.Complete the sentences with a possessive adjective *
?My sister's married.' What's .. husband's name ' -1
?My brother's office is in New York.' What's . Job ' -2
?Mum and Dad are in Rome.' What's .... phone number ' -3
.Use reflexive pronouns to complete the sentences *
.Your hair looks terrible. Look at in the mirror -1
.Ahmed is getting very strange. He talks to all the time -2
.The question . Is not very complicated, but the answer certainly is -3
.The old lady lives .. these days, and she rarely goes out to see anyone -4
( some of ( us
( any of ( them
. all of /
. both of
( few of ( you
( a few of ( it
. none of
. either of
... most of( / / )
. each ( one ) of
. You don't need to explain what I did to everyone. I can speak -5
.Choose the correct answer *
.( To understand ancient Egypt, scholars study its hieroglyphics and try to interpret ( it them itself themselves -1
.The dialect that is spoken in Olimbos is so old that many of ( its his hers theirs ) words date back to the time of Homer -2
.As the bare mountains turned green, the people found ( they them their themselves ) looking forward to spring -3
.New chemicals are not always tested to determine if ( it she he they ) will cause cancer or genetic mutations -4
: Other pronouns
Who visits her? -
What are you going ....?Who? Which? Whose? What : ( Interrogatives )
?to buy
Faisal is the man whose car is black who whose that which : ( Relative pronouns )
: ( Quantitative )
:
somebody / one
everybody / one
anybody / one
( Indefinite pronouns )
something
somewhere
nowhere
anything
anywhere
nothing
everything
everywhere
nobody / one
Do you need anything else? Somebody else called you ( else ) somebody's explanation - someone's suggestion everyone's clothes this / - that / - those - these : ( Demonstrative pronouns )
( Adjective )
Syllables
) ( syllables
.
One syllable
Two syllables
Three syllables Four syllables
Five syllables
Six syllables
tree
be-long
sub-ma-rine
ex-pe-di-tion
ca-pa-bil-i-ty
ex-tra-cur-ric-u-lar
Comparative & Superlative adjectives
.
.Ali is tall.
John is a clever boy.
The lion is a dangerous animal
.(beautiful dangerous ) (lucky happy) (short-nice-thin)
: ) (
Comparative
l taller than - long longer than }
-1
n
Adel is taller than Ahmed
-2
. i y er
py happier - funny funnier
-3
.er
bigger - hothotter - fat fatter
-4
more
. than
tiful more beautiful than
erous more dangerous than
The lion is more dangerous than the fox
s
-5
big - less expensive - less thin
The fox is less dangerous than the lion
ctive
d
d
ar
Superlative
{ tall the tallest - long the longest }
est
-1
.the
.Ex. Adel is the tallest student in our class
.i y
-2
happy happiest - funny funniest
.the most
-3
exciting the most exciting
terrifying the most terrifying
Ex. The Piranha fish is the most terrifying
.creature
least
-4
.) (
beautiful the least beautiful
: est er
Comparative
better
worse
farther/furthe
r
Superlative
best
worst
farthest/furthest
Adjective
little
much
many
Comparative
less
more
more
Superlative
least
most
most
. as .as
.Ex. Omar is as tall as Ahmed.
The wolf is as dangerous as the lion
. not as . As as ..as
.Ex. Mary is not as tall as Ahmed
a bit
-1
. much a lot
.Ex. The box is a bit heavier than the bag (
)
.Ex. Traveling by plane is a lot more comfortable than traveling by train ( )
.... )
-2
(. The more .., the more.
.Ex. The more your work, the more your gain
-3
(quiet clever narrow simple ) more er
. more clever than
cleverer than
Exercises
.Choose the correct answer -1
.Question two is not ( much too far as ) difficult as question one .The question is ( difficult the most difficult more difficult ) of all .Correct the following adjectives -2
.This is the ( interesting ) book I have ever read .The weather today is ( good ) than it was last year .Rewrite the following using the word(s) in brackets to give the same meaning -3
( The house and the villa are the same price.
( expensive ( No mountain in the world is higher than Everest.
( highest
.
( Grammar )
Countable & uncountable nouns
:
Countable
t a banana every day ke bananas banana
.bananas a banana
. a an
ook
an orange
a table
any some
.
ere are some books e there any books )( few )( many
.
ere are many students in school ere are a few students in school -
dation
ssion
Uncountable
.I eat rice every day .I like rice rice
.one rice two rices
: a an
a water
a tea
a sugar
:
a bowl of rice
a drop of water
a cup of tea
a game of tennis
. any some
.We listened to some music ?Do you listen to any music little )( much
.()
.I have a little work to do much sugar
much advice -
: ) ( :
traffic
advice
bread
furniture
luggage
progress
weather
baggage
chaos
news
work
information
scenery
blood
freedom
fun
silver
travel
clothing
knowledge
.I am looking for work.
It is nice weather today -
.. room time hair paper experience :
:
Countable
ought a paper to read . paper
ere's a hair in my soup . a hair
d some interesting experiences while I was way
.
u can stay with us, there is a spare room
joy your holiday. Have a good time
Uncountable
.I need some paper to write on .
.You have got very long hair . hairs
They offered me the job because I had a lot of .experience. experiences
.You can't sit here. There isn't room . space
.I can't wait. I haven't got time .
Exercises
.Put in a an or some where necessary .I've seen .. good films recently -1
.When I was .. child, I used to be very shy -2
?Would you like to be .. actor -3
!What beautiful garden -4
.I'm going shopping. I want to buy .. new shoes -5
.Which of the underlined parts of these sentences is correct .(If you want to know the news, you can read ( paper/a paper -1
.I had to buy ( a/some ) bread because I wanted to make ( an/some ) sandwiches -2
.Your hair is/Your hairs are ) too long. You should have ( it/them ) cut ) -3
.It's very difficult to find a ( work/job ) at the moment -4
.We had ( very good weather/a very good weather ) while we were on holiday -5
.Bad news ( don't/doesn't ) make people happy -6
(Grammar )
Relative Clauses
Relative Clauses .
.A clause is a group of words which contains a subject and a verb and which is part of a larger sentence A relative clause tells us which person or thing ( or what kind of person or thing ) the speaker means. Also, it acts .an adjective qualifying either a subject or an object
Relative clauses connectors
[ who that which whose where when ]
.A butcher is somebody. He sells meat -1
.A butcher is somebody who/that sells meat
. who/that
Relative Clause
.The woman who lives next door is a doctor relative clause
.
The woman who lives next door
.
.This is the book. It talks about history -2
.This is the book that/which talks about history
Extra Information' Clause'
.My brother Ali, who lives in London, is a doctor relative clause
brother Ali
relative clause
.Ali extra information
. that/which
.A) This is the man. I met him yesterday -3
.This is the man who/that I met yesterday
.B) This is the book. I bought it yesterday
.This is the book which/that I bought yesterday
him, it, ) relative pronoun ) ( object) A+B 3
This is the man I met yesterday who/that
. B who/that) relative clause) him) relative pronoun)
.A widow is a woman. Her husband is dead -4
.A widow is a woman whose husband is dead
.( our your its my his her ) whose
.This is the hotel. We stayed in it last year -5
.This is the hotel where we stayed last year
. where
.I saw the film. I was in Paris at that time -6
.I saw the film when I was in Paris
. when
Extra Information' Clauses '
: Extra Information ' Clause'( ,)
.We stayed at the Grand Hotel, which Ann recommended to us .This morning I met Ahmed, whom/who I hadn't seen for ages .Amy, whose car had broken down, was in a very bad mood .Mr. Bord is going to spend a few weeks in Egypt, where her daughter lives that which that who
.Extra Information' Clause'
Exercises
.Choose the correct answer
.I watched the film yesterday ( who which where when ) won five prizes -1
? What is the name of the school ( who which where whose ) your son goes to -2
.A watch is something ( that we use when we use that we use it ) to tell the time -3
.Complete the following sentences with suitable relative clause
.An orphan is a child . Parents are dead -1
.A cemetery is a place . People are buried -2
.The place . We spent our holidays was really beautiful -3
(Grammar )
'Have' & ' Have got '
have have got ) ( have/have got
.
I've got a car
= I have a car
He has got a car
= He has a car
I have got a headache = I have a headache
ave got
ar
a car
a car
I haven't
he hasn't
Have
?Do you have a car
?Does he have a car
.No, I don't have a car
.No, he doesn't have a car
.Yes, I do. / No, I don't
.Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't
: have got have
Have = noun -1
activity or a habit
fast dinner a cup of coffee a cigarette a bath a shower
a swim a rest a party a holiday a nice time an accident
perience a dream a look a chat a baby difficulty - fun
to + infinitive -2
?Ex. Do you want to have a drink
ing )3- 'ing' form )
.Ex. I find having no car very inconvenient
After model verbs -4
.Ex. She won't have a good chance
( got 5- In the past we use ( had .had got )
Ex. Adel had long hair when he was a child )
((did/didn't
.Ex. I had a bicycle when I was young
?Did you have a nice weekend
.I didn't have any money when I was a student
:
.I have a shower every morning.
2- I've got a shower -1
.
?I usually have a sandwich for my lunch.
:
2- I have got some sandwiches. Would you like one -1
Exercises
.Notice that (have) and (have got) are used in different ways in the question, short answer and negative forms
.Ask and answer questions about the following -1
a camera brothers and sisters a stereo your parents/ a holiday home
a computer your sister/ a car a bicycle your brother/ a motorbike
.Choose the correct answer -2
.I usually ( have have got having got ) a shower every day .He ( has has got had ) his breakfast at eight every day .( Has he got a camera? Yes, he ( have does has has got .Rewrite the following using the words in brackets to give the same meaning -3
( They don't have any children.
( got ( The house hasn't got a garden.
( doesn't ( Does Ali have a car?
( got .Look at the wrong sentences and compare them with the right sentences -4
(
) .I've got a shower in the morning .(
)
I have a shower in the morning (
) ?What time have you got lunch? (
)
What time do you have lunch -
