SPECIFICATION: ATP★ ATP & Glucose

HYDROLYSIS - energy released for use by cells

The synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate and its role as the ATP molecule releases less energy than each
immediate source of energy for biological processes glucose molecule.

ENERGY: the ability to do work Energy released in smaller more manageable

quantities
Production of Substances: energy is used within organisms to
produce substances. Used by enzymes & hormones ATP ADP + PI Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP is a single reaction
 immediate energy
Active Transport: energy is required to transport ions and molecules
against a concentration gradient across plasma membranes Glucose breakdown  longer series of
reactions
Cell Repair, Maintenance & Division: cell organelles repaired within
the cells
Movement: within the organism (circulation) and of the organism CONDENSATION - energy supplied from respiration SOURCE OF ENERGY FOR:
All Reactions: energy is required for all reactions (metabolism)
ADDING PHOSPHATE MOLECULE TO ADP: Secretion: needed to form lysosomes for
Temperature: maintain temperature in endothermic organisms which secretion of cell products
lose heat to the environment 1) PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION – takes place during
photosynthesis in chlorophyll containing plant cells Active Transport: provides energy to change
shape of carrier proteins so molecules can be
HOW ATP STORES ENERGY: moved against a concentration gradient
2) OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION – occurs in the
mitochondria during electron transport
Activation of molecules: when a phosphate
Adenosine TriPhosphate  3 phosphate groups molecule is transferred from ATP to another
3) SUBSTRATE LEVEL PHOSPHORYLATION – when
molecule it lowers activation energy and allows
Phosphate group bonds are unstable  Low AE phosphate groups are transferred from donor molecules to
enzyme catalysed reactions to occur.
synthesise ATP
Movement: provides energy for muscle
Bonds break  release bursts of energy ATP is an immediate source of energy therefore cells do not store
contraction
large quantities of ATP
HYDROLYSIS REACTION 
Metabolic processes: provides energy to build
ATP is synthesised by reactions that release energy and is
ATP + (H2O)  ADP + Pi + E molecules from basic units
hydrolysed to provide energy for reactions that require it
Reversible Reaction E.g. polypeptides from amino acids
ATP IS AN INTERMEDIATE ENERGY SUBSTANCE USED TO ve
TRANSFER ENERGY