Presentation on
ATP-ADP Cycle
UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, MEGHALAYA
Unveiling Excellence
Presented by:
Shahidul Islam
Roll No: 2022/MSC/0039
Semester: MSc 1st Semester
Programme: MSc in Chemistry
Session: 2022-23
CONTENTS:
INTRODUCTION
ATP: The Cell’s Currency
ATP: Structure
Sources of ATP
ATP-ADP Cycle
Steps in ATP-ADP Cycle
When ATP is used?
ATP vs ADP
Conclusion
References
INTRODUCTION:
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an organic compound that
provides energy to drive many processes in living cells, such as
muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, condensate
dissolution, and chemical synthesis. Found in all known forms of life,
ATP is often referred to as the "molecular unit of currency" of
intracellular energy transfer.
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), also known as adenosine pyrophosphate (APP), is an
important organic compound in metabolism and is essential to the flow of energy in living cells.
ADP consists of three important structural components: a sugar backbone attached to adenine
and two phosphate groups bonded to the 5 carbon atom of ribose.
ATP: The Cell’s Currency
Life processes require a constant supply of energy.
Cells use energy that is stored in the bonds of certain
organic molecules.
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a molecule that
transfers energy from the breakdown of food
molecules to cell processes.
ATP: Structure
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the most important
biological molecule that supplies energy to the cell.
A molecule of ATP is composed of three parts bonded
together by “high energy” bonds:
1. A nitrogenous base (adenine)
2. A sugar (ribose)
3. Three phosphate
groups (triphosphate)
Where does ATP come from?
ATP comes indirectly from the food that we eat.
Molecules of carbohydrates (glucose) and lipids are
broken down through the process of cellular
respiration to produce ATP.
ATP-ADP Cycle
The energy stored in ATP is released when a phosphate group
is removed from the molecule.
ATP has three phosphate groups, but the bond holding the
third phosphate groups is very easily broken.
When the phosphate is removed, ATP becomes ADP—
adenosine diphosphate
A phosphate is released into the cytoplasm and energy is
released.
ADP is a lower energy molecule than ATP, but can be
converted to ATP by the addition of a phosphate group.
ATP → ADP + phosphate + energy available for cell processes
Steps in the ATP-ADP Cycle
To supply cells with energy, a “high energy” bond in
ATP is broken. ADP is formed and a phosphate is
released back into the cytoplasm.
ATP ADP + phosphate + energy
Steps in the ATP-ADP Cycle
As the cell requires more energy, ADP becomes
ATP when a free phosphate attaches to the ADP
molecule. Then energy needed to create an ATP
molecule is much less than the amount of energy
produced when the bond is broken.
ADP + phosphate + energy ATP
When is ATP used?
ATP is consumed in the cell by energy-requiring
processes and can be generated by energy-releasing
processes.
In this way ATP transfers energy between separate
biochemical reactions in the cell.
ATP is the main energy source for the majority of cellular
functions.
This includes the production of organic molecules,
including DNA and, and proteins.
ATP also plays a critical role in the transport of organic
molecules across cell membranes, for example during
exocytosis and endocytosis
ATP vs ADP
ATP ADP
Main energy source for the cell Contains Less energy
Contains 3 phosphate groups Contains 2 phosphate groups
(triphosphate) (diphosphate)
CONCLUSION:
The energy stored in ATP is released when a
phosphate group is removed from the molecule. ATP
has three phosphate groups, but the bond holding the
third phosphate groups is very easily broken. When
the phosphate is removed, ATP becomes
ADP(adenosine diphosphate).
