LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
QUARTER 2 – WEEK 1
James Than B. Parayao
XII - MARK (STEM)
Napoleon Arenas
Activity 1 ATP – ADP CYCLE
Objective: Explain coupled reaction process and described the role of ATP in energy coupling and
transfer.
Living cells need supplies of energy for thousands of activities such as the contraction of a
muscle cell, conduction by a nerve cell, synthesis of organic compounds, active transport and
division of a cell. A molecule of ATP provides this energy requirement.
Procedure: Fill in the blanks, check the appropriate box or explain.
USING ATP TO PROVIDE ENERGY
1. Explain why the reaction is called the hydrolysis of ATP?
The reaction is called hydrolysis because it involves breaking a chemical bond in ATP
(specifically between the phosphate groups) using water (H₂O). In this reaction, water splits,
and one hydrogen ion (H⁺) attaches to the phosphate group, while a hydroxide ion (OH⁻) bonds
with the rest of the molecule. This releases energy that can be used by cells.
2. What will remain to the molecule of ATP after hydrolysis?
After hydrolysis, ATP becomes ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate) and a free inorganic phosphate
group (Pi). These two products can be reused in the cell to regenerate ATP during cellular
respiration.
3. The reaction, ATP + H2O → ADP + P occurs
in all the cell in your body
cells.
In all the cells in your body
This reaction happens in every cell because ATP is the universal energy currency for all cellular
processes, not just in muscle cells. However, muscle cells often use it in larger amounts during
activities like contraction. only in muscle
ATP MOLECULE
4. A molecule of ATP is consisting of three main structure Adenine ( Nitrogenous base ), Ribose ( a five-
carbon sugar), and Three phosphate groups.
5. The actual source of power, energy in ATP is found in The high-energy bonds between the phosphate
groups, specifically the terminal phosphate bond.
6. How is ATP energy released? ATP energy is released when the bond between the terminal (last) phosphate
group and the rest of the molecule is broken through a process called hydrolysis. This reaction produces ADP
(Adenosine Diphosphate), an inorganic phosphate (Pi), and energy that can be used for cellular processes.
7. Explain why the reaction called coupled reaction process?
The hydrolysis of ATP is often referred to as a coupled reaction because it provides energy that drives another energy-requiring
(endergonic) process in the cell. For example, ATP hydrolysis is "coupled" with reactions like muscle contraction, active transport, or
biosynthesis, making them more efficient. The energy released from breaking the phosphate bond is immediately used in these
processes.
8. How the hydrolysis of ATP to form ADP + P is useful?
The hydrolysis of ATP is useful because it releases energy that powers essential cellular activities such as:
Active transport of molecules across membranes (e.g., sodium-potassium pump)
Muscle contraction
Synthesis of macromolecules like proteins and nucleic acids
Signal transduction processes in cells
By breaking down into ADP and phosphate, ATP provides a manageable amount of energy for these tasks.
9. Why does a cell need to constantly break down and synthesize ATP?
ATP cannot be stored in large quantities because it is highly reactive and unstable. Cells constantly need energy for various activities
like maintaining homeostasis, transporting molecules, and facilitating chemical reactions. The process of breaking down ATP into ADP
and phosphate provides immediate energy, while synthesizing ATP ensures a continuous supply to meet ongoing energy demands.
10. How is ATP produce?
1. Cellular Respiration:
Glycolysis (in the cytoplasm): Breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing 2 ATP molecules.
Krebs Cycle (in mitochondria): Generates electron carriers (NADH, FADH2).
Electron Transport Chain (ETC): Uses high-energy electrons to power ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation, producing the majority of ATP
(up to 34 ATP).
2. Photosynthesis (in plants): ATP is produced during the light-dependent reactions.
3. Substrate-Level Phosphorylation: Occurs during specific steps of glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. Prepared by: NAPOLEON Y. ARENAS
4. ATP Synthase: This enzyme produces ATP by using the energy from a proton gradient created during the ETC. Master Teacher II
