Transportation Policy

The primary objectives of this study are to develop two roundabout entry capacity models using a regression-based multiple non-linear regression model (MNLR) and artificial intelligence (AI)-based ANFIS (adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system) model under heterogeneous traffic conditions. ANFIS is the latest technique in the field of AI that integrates both neural networks and fuzzy logic principles in a single framework. Required data have been collected from 27 roundabouts in eight states of India. To assess the significance of these models and select the best model among them, modified rank index is applied in this study. The coefficient of determination (R 2) and Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient 'E' values are found to be 0.92, 0.91 and 0.98, 0.98 for the MNLR and ANFIS model, respectively. The ANFIS model is found to be the best model in this study. However, from a practical point of view, the MNLR model is recommended for determining roundabout entry capacity under heterogeneous traffic conditions. Sensitivity analysis reports that critical gap is the prime variable and shares 18.43% for the development of roundabout entry capacity. As compared with the Girabase formula (France), Brilon wu formula (Germany), and HCM 2010 models, the proposed MNLR model is quite reliable under low to medium ranges of traffic volumes. Roundabouts are a specialized form of an un-signalized intersection in which traffic moves in one direction around a central island. Direction of traffic, according to left-hand or right-hand driving rules, depends on the specific country. Roundabouts have been used as an effective intersection control measure to improve safety and operational performance under low to high circulating traffic flow conditions. As compared with other, signa-lized, intersections, roundabouts have several basic advantages, such as speed reduction of vehicles, less delay, pedestrian safety, aesthetics, and reduction of conflict points. A signalized intersection has 32 conflict points, whereas a roundabout with two circulating and entry lanes has 8 and 16 conflict points, respectively. Because of the increase in the use of roundabouts, an assessment regarding operational performance needs to be undertaken. Evaluation of capacity at roundabouts is an important aspect of operational performance that describes the present traffic scenario, level of service, delay, accidents, operational cost, and environmental issues. Under heterogeneous traffic conditions, vehicles of various kinds have varying physical and operational characteristics. In developing countries, driver behavior, vehicular characteristics (size, engine efficiency, and years of usage), and intersection geometric design vary significantly. The vehicle fleet is composed of heavy vehicles (HV), light motor vehicles (LMV), motor cycles/ scooters (MC/S), bicycles (BC) and human-drawn vehicles (HDV). These vehicles share the main carriageway without any physical or marked segregation. When there are vehicles of different types with varying static and dynamic characteristics, follow-the-lane discipline and the follow-the-leader concept become irrelevant. Under constraints of flow and space, small-sized vehicles try to move into the circulating area without following lane discipline. Also, HV forcibly merge into the circulating stream of traffic. These points reflect that the rule of priority is not respected under such a heterogeneous traffic condition. In these circumstances, the study of

Het mobiliteitsbudget wordt de laatste jaren prominent naar voren geschoven als een van de antwoorden op het verduurzamen van het woon-werkverkeer of de bredere mobiliteitsproblematiek. Meer specifiek wordt het MB gezien als alternatief of aanvulling op de bedrijfswagen. In deze paper gaan we dieper in op de problemen die geassocieerd worden met het huidige stelsel van vergoedingen en de bedrijfswagen. We snijden enkele onderwerpen aan die in onze optiek ontbreken in de discussies. Voorts behandelen we de ontwerpaspecten van het MB en enkele ervaringen met vormen van het MB. We doen dit aan de hand van internationale literatuur. Dit alles met als doel de huidige discussie te voeden en uiteindelijk te komen tot een optimaal ontwerp van het mobiliteitsbudget.

The heavy dependency on private cars has shaped the design of cities. While offering fast, comfortable, and convenient commutes, cars have become the most popular method of transportation, but are also a health crisis due to the toxic emissions they release into the atmosphere as well as the high death toll from traffic accidents. For these reasons, there is a need to minimize the use of cars within cities in favor of greener and humanized urban design that would improve the quality of life and reduce the global threat of climate change. Humanizing Cities Through Car-Free City Development and Transformation is an essential publication that explores the concepts of car-free cities and city humanization as possible solutions to reduce the deteriorating effect on the environment and the community. The publication discusses the urban initiative to implement pedestrianization and humanization of cities and public spaces to promote the concept of car-free living. Featuring coverage on a wide range of topics including city humanization, smart mobility, and urban policies, this book is ideally designed for urban planners, environmentalists, government officials, policymakers, architects, transportation authorities, researchers, academicians, and students.

Our daily life now can not be separated from the development of information systems technology. Almost all areas of work utilize information systems technology to simplify our work. Information systems technology can help computerize our work to be faster, more efficient and integrated. However, there are still many areas of work that have not utilized technology to help simplify their work.for example, in the transportation industry, especially transportation of Bajaj which most of its management still use manual system.Bajaj is a public transportation that has existed since the 1970s and can still survive until now,although bajaj has several times experienced a renewal, but the business model that run until now still not computerized properly, where in regulating business activities bajaj the owners still use the recording and processing of data by using the book or not even done the transcribe at all. This poses difficulties to the bajaj owners in running the business because they can not make quick decisions because the data processing they use is still manually. So this application is made to facilitate the transcribe to replace the previous manual system that can facilitate in terms of data processing both in terms of rental and return Bajaj, so Bajaj transportation business can run well. The application is a website based application using First Come First Served algorithm. this application is expected to process bajaj transportation data in order to facilitate bajaj owners in transcribe borrowing and bajaj return and decision making on the bajaj transportation business.

Public Participation in transport planning is often regarded as a formal compulsory phase of the decision-making process and it lacks in its real purpose, i.e. engaging people to find the most shared solution in the shortest time, in order to make the process effective and (cost) efficient.
The need to include the public in transport planning and decision-making leads to the effort to understand how to design and speed up the process of taking a public decision and to find out if the communication among stakeholders can influence the process of governance. In this paper an agent-based model is presented as a contribution to build new tools to support decision-makers and practitioners in designing and guiding effective participation processes. The model reproduces the interaction process in a network of stakeholders by means of a multi-state opinion dynamics and bounded confidence model as a basis to investigate the consensus formation phenomenon. The participatory decision-making process about the acceptability of a parking management strategy inside a University campus in Catania (Italy) was simulated to see to what extent interaction among stakeholders can foster the emergence of consensus. A better parking management is one of the priorities for sustainable mobility proposed by the mobility management office of the University. Results show that many links can help the opinion exchange process and the convergence of opinions and that the final outcome (i.e. approval or disapproval of the parking
management strategy) is highly influenced by the initial distribution of opinions. This suggests that having a preliminary knowledge of stakeholders’ opinions  can  be  helpful  to  arrange  the  participation  process  and  repeated  interaction opportunities contribute in smoothing diverging opinions.

It has long been acknowledged that there is a gap between the advancement of GIS in the research field and its application in planning practice. This paper demonstrates the potential for employing simple GIS mapping overlays as a way of communicating complex planning issues in a ‘language’ that is easily understandable and effective at stimulating policy debate, critical thinking, and learning. The analysis focuses on capturing the synergies and conflicts in two key planning challenges in England, progrowth and housing delivery agendas. In a political context where spatial evidence-based policy making has been eroded in recent years, the analysis demonstrates the need for policy makers to ‘think spatially, act spatially’ when developing different policies and programmes. The paper concludes that only by making spatial relationships of policies and programmes explicit in a manner that is easily understood by a range of actors, can different spatial scenarios and metaphors of future opportunities and challenges be developed to inform long-range development and planning.

The benefits of autonomous vehicles (AVs) are widely acknowledged, but there are concerns about the extent of these benefits and AV risks and unintended consequences. In this article, we first examine AVs and different categories of the technological risks associated with them. We then explore strategies that can be adopted to address these risks, and explore emerging responses by governments for addressing AV risks. Our analyses reveal that, thus far, governments have in most instances avoided stringent measures in order to promote AV developments and the majority of responses are non-binding and focus on creating councils or working groups to better explore AV implications. The US has been active in introducing legislations to address issues related to privacy and cybersecurity. The UK and Germany, in particular, have enacted laws to address liability issues; other countries mostly acknowledge these issues, but have yet to implement specific strategies. To address privacy and cybersecurity risks strategies ranging from introduction or amendment of non-AV specific legislation to creating working groups have been adopted. Much less attention has been paid to issues such as environmental and employment risks, although a few governments have begun programmes to retrain workers who might be negatively affected.