For this study, there were two sets of data collection: face-to-face interview and on-line survey... more For this study, there were two sets of data collection: face-to-face interview and on-line survey via ‘survey monkey’. The survey focus on the following: feelings associated with airport security screening and impact of awareness with prohibited items. The survey was conducted from May 13 to 31, 2018 for three (3) weeks covering four (4) Terminals at the Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) in Manila. From the interviews and on-line survey conducted, it was evident that there are five (5) typical emotional reactions to airport security screening processes. Forty-five percent of travelers felt frustrated upon undergoing a security screening process. On a positive note, 26% of the respondents felt relaxed and 16% have understood the screening processes being implemented in the airports. Other negative reactions surfaced were fear (5%) and humiliation (8%). Initial reactions and questions from departing passengers such as “will I get trouble?” “will I be treated like a criminal or terrorist?” or will I miss my flight” these are common responses that might be traced from a first time traveler. The results of this study will provide beneficial information to airport authorities as they determine how they can best provide a balanced-mixed of security and facilitation in managing airport security.
This paper attempts to look at the history of ASEAN transformation and regional cooperation in th... more This paper attempts to look at the history of ASEAN transformation and regional cooperation in the transport sector in particular. It also attempts to look into the future of ASEAN transport cooperation as it attempts to transform itself into a progressive evolution of the transportation systems in the region. This paper aims to address the following research questions: 1. How did it start as a perspective on formulating transport action plan in the context of ASEAN regionalism? 2. How does it benefit the countries of ASEAN in terms of regional cooperation, multilateral agreements, and other protocols? The methodology employed in this paper borrows from Carol Weiss‘s Theory-based Evaluation (TBE). On that account, there is a need to review the current status and outcome with regards to past practices, current implementation, and future roadmap of ASEAN transport cooperation to move forward and to carry out its mission and service to its people today and tomorrow.
For this study, there were two sets of data collection: face-to-face interview and on-line survey... more For this study, there were two sets of data collection: face-to-face interview and on-line survey via ‘survey monkey’. The survey focus on the following: feelings associated with airport security screening and impact of awareness with prohibited items. The survey was conducted from May 13 to 31, 2018 for three (3) weeks covering four (4) Terminals at the Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) in Manila. From the interviews and on-line survey conducted, it was evident that there are five (5) typical emotional reactions to airport security screening processes. Forty-five percent of travelers felt frustrated upon undergoing a security screening process. On a positive note, 26% of the respondents felt relaxed and 16% have understood the screening processes being implemented in the airports. Other negative reactions surfaced were fear (5%) and humiliation (8%). Initial reactions and questions from departing passengers such as “will I get trouble?” “will I be treated like a criminal or terrorist?” or will I miss my flight” these are common responses that might be traced from a first time traveler. The results of this study will provide beneficial information to airport authorities as they determine how they can best provide a balanced-mixed of security and facilitation in managing airport security.
In the Philippines, the challenges as regards to the single authority designated for transport se... more In the Philippines, the challenges as regards to the single authority designated for transport security of the Office for Transportation Security (OTS) came from within the government bureaucracy itself. Most notable among these challenges is the refusal of certain government agencies and instrumentalities (e.g. Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines, Maritime Industry Authority) to recognize the authority of OTS to adopt security standards. They invoke their respective legislative charters and argue that they cannot be subjected to the oversight authority of an agency like OTS, which was created by " mere " Executive Orders (EO) (E.O. 277 2 amended by E.O. 311 3). These agencies and instrumentalities ignore the fact that the OTS succeeded to certain functions of the National Action Committee on Anti-Hijacking (NACAH), which is a statutorily-created agency, as well as to the fact that Philippine Congress has consistently affirmed the creation of OTS by regularly providing its operational budget in the annual appropriations law.
The author’s professional experience in the field of aviation security that made his interest to ... more The author’s professional experience in the field of aviation security that made his interest to explore and verify these cyberthreats problems in the civil aviation. The presented study aimed to provide first insight into approaches and measures to protect the aviation industry from unlawful interference and cyber threats. This study used a mixed quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis method using online surveys and literature research. A total of 160 graduate students from the Institute of Graduate Studies of the Philippine State College of Aeronautics submitted their responses. The survey link was distributed from June 12 to 17, 2021. These responses varied significantly by location, profession, and category of their organization.
Based on the findings, 86% of respondents agreed with the risks of cyberattacks, 88% of the survey revealed that disabling the airport operations was the most notable risk, 32% believed that it is very likely of possible cyberattacks, while 40% said that disruption of business in operational activities is one of the negative impact of cyberattacks, 35% of respondents reveal that system applications present the highest security risk, while 34% of respondents are aware of cybersecurity measures or policies, 28% says the topic of cybersecurity governance, policy, and regulations find most valuable in developing cybersecurity programs. In addition, 24% of the respondents think that the most effective security tools and tactics to protect against cyberattacks are by developing cybersecurity programs.
However, the results presented here cannot accurately describe the totality of the whole civil aviation system. Future research is suggested to validate the approaches and measures to enhance aviation security.
ATINER’s Conference Paper Proceedings Series, 2018
This paper attempts to look at the history of ASEAN transformation and regional cooperation in th... more This paper attempts to look at the history of ASEAN transformation and regional cooperation in the transport sector in particular. It also attempts to look into the future of ASEAN transport cooperation as it attempts to transform itself into a progressive evolution of the transportation systems in the region. This paper aims to address the following research questions: 1. How did it start as a perspective on formulating transport action plan in the context of ASEAN regionalism? 2. How does it benefit the countries of ASEAN in terms of regional cooperation, multilateral agreements, and other protocols? The methodology employed in this paper borrows from Carol Weiss’s Theory-based Evaluation (TBE). On that account, there is a need to review the current status and outcome with regards to past practices, current implementation, and future roadmap of ASEAN transport cooperation to move forward and to carry out its mission and service to its people today and tomorrow.
This paper attempts to look at the history of ASEAN transformation and regional cooperation in th... more This paper attempts to look at the history of ASEAN transformation and regional cooperation in the transport sector in particular. It also attempts to look into the future of ASEAN transport cooperation as it attempts to transform itself into a progressive evolution of the transportation systems in the region. This paper aims to address the following research questions: 1. How did it start as a perspective on formulating transport action plan in the context of ASEAN regionalism? 2. How does it benefit the countries of ASEAN in terms of regional cooperation, multilateral agreements, and other protocols? The methodology employed in this paper borrows from Carol Weiss’s Theory-based Evaluation (TBE). On that account, there is a need to review the current status and outcome with regards to past practices, current implementation, and future roadmap of ASEAN transport cooperation to move forward and to carry out its mission and service to its people today and tomorrow.
In the Philippines, the challenges as regards to the single authority designated for transport se... more In the Philippines, the challenges as regards to the single authority designated for transport security of the Office for Transportation Security (OTS) came from within the government bureaucracy itself. Most notable among these challenges is the refusal of certain government agencies and instrumentalities (e.g. Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines, Maritime Industry Authority) to recognize the authority of OTS to adopt security standards. They invoke their respective legislative charters and argue that they cannot be subjected to the oversight authority of an agency like OTS, which was created by " mere " Executive Orders (EO) (E.O. 277 2 amended by E.O. 311 3). These agencies and instrumentalities ignore the fact that the OTS succeeded to certain functions of the National Action Committee on Anti-Hijacking (NACAH), which is a statutorily-created agency, as well as to the fact that Philippine Congress has consistently affirmed the creation of OTS by regularly providing its operational budget in the annual appropriations law.
For this study, there were two sets of data collection: face-to-face interview and on-line survey... more For this study, there were two sets of data collection: face-to-face interview and on-line survey via ‘survey monkey’. The survey focus on the following: feelings associated with airport security screening and impact of awareness with prohibited items. The survey was conducted from May 13 to 31, 2018 for three (3) weeks covering four (4) Terminals at the Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) in Manila. From the interviews and on-line survey conducted, it was evident that there are five (5) typical emotional reactions to airport security screening processes. Forty-five percent of travelers felt frustrated upon undergoing a security screening process. On a positive note, 26% of the respondents felt relaxed and 16% have understood the screening processes being implemented in the airports. Other negative reactions surfaced were fear (5%) and humiliation (8%). Initial reactions and questions from departing passengers such as “will I get trouble?” “will I be treated like a criminal or terrorist?” or will I miss my flight” these are common responses that might be traced from a first time traveler. The results of this study will provide beneficial information to airport authorities as they determine how they can best provide a balanced-mixed of security and facilitation in managing airport security.
This paper attempts to look at the history of ASEAN transformation and regional cooperation in th... more This paper attempts to look at the history of ASEAN transformation and regional cooperation in the transport sector in particular. It also attempts to look into the future of ASEAN transport cooperation as it attempts to transform itself into a progressive evolution of the transportation systems in the region. This paper aims to address the following research questions: 1. How did it start as a perspective on formulating transport action plan in the context of ASEAN regionalism? 2. How does it benefit the countries of ASEAN in terms of regional cooperation, multilateral agreements, and other protocols? The methodology employed in this paper borrows from Carol Weiss‘s Theory-based Evaluation (TBE). On that account, there is a need to review the current status and outcome with regards to past practices, current implementation, and future roadmap of ASEAN transport cooperation to move forward and to carry out its mission and service to its people today and tomorrow.
For this study, there were two sets of data collection: face-to-face interview and on-line survey... more For this study, there were two sets of data collection: face-to-face interview and on-line survey via ‘survey monkey’. The survey focus on the following: feelings associated with airport security screening and impact of awareness with prohibited items. The survey was conducted from May 13 to 31, 2018 for three (3) weeks covering four (4) Terminals at the Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) in Manila. From the interviews and on-line survey conducted, it was evident that there are five (5) typical emotional reactions to airport security screening processes. Forty-five percent of travelers felt frustrated upon undergoing a security screening process. On a positive note, 26% of the respondents felt relaxed and 16% have understood the screening processes being implemented in the airports. Other negative reactions surfaced were fear (5%) and humiliation (8%). Initial reactions and questions from departing passengers such as “will I get trouble?” “will I be treated like a criminal or terrorist?” or will I miss my flight” these are common responses that might be traced from a first time traveler. The results of this study will provide beneficial information to airport authorities as they determine how they can best provide a balanced-mixed of security and facilitation in managing airport security.
In the Philippines, the challenges as regards to the single authority designated for transport se... more In the Philippines, the challenges as regards to the single authority designated for transport security of the Office for Transportation Security (OTS) came from within the government bureaucracy itself. Most notable among these challenges is the refusal of certain government agencies and instrumentalities (e.g. Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines, Maritime Industry Authority) to recognize the authority of OTS to adopt security standards. They invoke their respective legislative charters and argue that they cannot be subjected to the oversight authority of an agency like OTS, which was created by " mere " Executive Orders (EO) (E.O. 277 2 amended by E.O. 311 3). These agencies and instrumentalities ignore the fact that the OTS succeeded to certain functions of the National Action Committee on Anti-Hijacking (NACAH), which is a statutorily-created agency, as well as to the fact that Philippine Congress has consistently affirmed the creation of OTS by regularly providing its operational budget in the annual appropriations law.
The author’s professional experience in the field of aviation security that made his interest to ... more The author’s professional experience in the field of aviation security that made his interest to explore and verify these cyberthreats problems in the civil aviation. The presented study aimed to provide first insight into approaches and measures to protect the aviation industry from unlawful interference and cyber threats. This study used a mixed quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis method using online surveys and literature research. A total of 160 graduate students from the Institute of Graduate Studies of the Philippine State College of Aeronautics submitted their responses. The survey link was distributed from June 12 to 17, 2021. These responses varied significantly by location, profession, and category of their organization.
Based on the findings, 86% of respondents agreed with the risks of cyberattacks, 88% of the survey revealed that disabling the airport operations was the most notable risk, 32% believed that it is very likely of possible cyberattacks, while 40% said that disruption of business in operational activities is one of the negative impact of cyberattacks, 35% of respondents reveal that system applications present the highest security risk, while 34% of respondents are aware of cybersecurity measures or policies, 28% says the topic of cybersecurity governance, policy, and regulations find most valuable in developing cybersecurity programs. In addition, 24% of the respondents think that the most effective security tools and tactics to protect against cyberattacks are by developing cybersecurity programs.
However, the results presented here cannot accurately describe the totality of the whole civil aviation system. Future research is suggested to validate the approaches and measures to enhance aviation security.
ATINER’s Conference Paper Proceedings Series, 2018
This paper attempts to look at the history of ASEAN transformation and regional cooperation in th... more This paper attempts to look at the history of ASEAN transformation and regional cooperation in the transport sector in particular. It also attempts to look into the future of ASEAN transport cooperation as it attempts to transform itself into a progressive evolution of the transportation systems in the region. This paper aims to address the following research questions: 1. How did it start as a perspective on formulating transport action plan in the context of ASEAN regionalism? 2. How does it benefit the countries of ASEAN in terms of regional cooperation, multilateral agreements, and other protocols? The methodology employed in this paper borrows from Carol Weiss’s Theory-based Evaluation (TBE). On that account, there is a need to review the current status and outcome with regards to past practices, current implementation, and future roadmap of ASEAN transport cooperation to move forward and to carry out its mission and service to its people today and tomorrow.
This paper attempts to look at the history of ASEAN transformation and regional cooperation in th... more This paper attempts to look at the history of ASEAN transformation and regional cooperation in the transport sector in particular. It also attempts to look into the future of ASEAN transport cooperation as it attempts to transform itself into a progressive evolution of the transportation systems in the region. This paper aims to address the following research questions: 1. How did it start as a perspective on formulating transport action plan in the context of ASEAN regionalism? 2. How does it benefit the countries of ASEAN in terms of regional cooperation, multilateral agreements, and other protocols? The methodology employed in this paper borrows from Carol Weiss’s Theory-based Evaluation (TBE). On that account, there is a need to review the current status and outcome with regards to past practices, current implementation, and future roadmap of ASEAN transport cooperation to move forward and to carry out its mission and service to its people today and tomorrow.
In the Philippines, the challenges as regards to the single authority designated for transport se... more In the Philippines, the challenges as regards to the single authority designated for transport security of the Office for Transportation Security (OTS) came from within the government bureaucracy itself. Most notable among these challenges is the refusal of certain government agencies and instrumentalities (e.g. Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines, Maritime Industry Authority) to recognize the authority of OTS to adopt security standards. They invoke their respective legislative charters and argue that they cannot be subjected to the oversight authority of an agency like OTS, which was created by " mere " Executive Orders (EO) (E.O. 277 2 amended by E.O. 311 3). These agencies and instrumentalities ignore the fact that the OTS succeeded to certain functions of the National Action Committee on Anti-Hijacking (NACAH), which is a statutorily-created agency, as well as to the fact that Philippine Congress has consistently affirmed the creation of OTS by regularly providing its operational budget in the annual appropriations law.
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From the interviews and on-line survey conducted, it was evident that there are five (5) typical emotional reactions to airport security screening processes. Forty-five percent of travelers felt frustrated upon undergoing a security screening process. On a positive note, 26% of the respondents felt relaxed and 16% have understood the screening processes being implemented in the airports. Other negative reactions surfaced were fear (5%) and humiliation (8%). Initial reactions and questions from departing passengers such as “will I get trouble?” “will I be treated like a criminal or terrorist?” or will I miss my flight” these are common responses that might be traced from a first time traveler.
The results of this study will provide beneficial information to airport authorities as they determine how they can best provide a balanced-mixed of security and facilitation in managing airport security.
Conference Presentations
Based on the findings, 86% of respondents agreed with the risks of cyberattacks, 88% of the survey revealed that disabling the airport operations was the most notable risk, 32% believed that it is very likely of possible cyberattacks, while 40% said that disruption of business in operational activities is one of the negative impact of cyberattacks, 35% of respondents reveal that system applications present the highest security risk, while 34% of respondents are aware of cybersecurity measures or policies, 28% says the topic of cybersecurity governance, policy, and regulations find most valuable in developing cybersecurity programs. In addition, 24% of the respondents think that the most effective security tools and tactics to protect against cyberattacks are by developing cybersecurity programs.
However, the results presented here cannot accurately describe the totality of the whole civil aviation system. Future research is suggested to validate the approaches and measures to enhance aviation security.
1. How did it start as a perspective on formulating transport action plan in the context of ASEAN regionalism?
2. How does it benefit the countries of ASEAN in terms of regional cooperation, multilateral agreements, and other protocols?
The methodology employed in this paper borrows from Carol Weiss’s Theory-based Evaluation (TBE). On that account, there is a need to review the current status and outcome with regards to past practices, current implementation, and future roadmap of ASEAN transport cooperation to move forward and to carry out its mission and service to its people today and tomorrow.
1. How did it start as a perspective on formulating transport action plan in the context of ASEAN regionalism?
2. How does it benefit the countries of ASEAN in terms of regional cooperation, multilateral agreements, and other protocols?
The methodology employed in this paper borrows from Carol Weiss’s Theory-based Evaluation (TBE). On that account, there is a need to review the current status and outcome with regards to past practices, current implementation, and future roadmap of ASEAN transport cooperation to move forward and to carry out its mission and service to its people today and tomorrow.
Drafts
From the interviews and on-line survey conducted, it was evident that there are five (5) typical emotional reactions to airport security screening processes. Forty-five percent of travelers felt frustrated upon undergoing a security screening process. On a positive note, 26% of the respondents felt relaxed and 16% have understood the screening processes being implemented in the airports. Other negative reactions surfaced were fear (5%) and humiliation (8%). Initial reactions and questions from departing passengers such as “will I get trouble?” “will I be treated like a criminal or terrorist?” or will I miss my flight” these are common responses that might be traced from a first time traveler.
The results of this study will provide beneficial information to airport authorities as they determine how they can best provide a balanced-mixed of security and facilitation in managing airport security.
Based on the findings, 86% of respondents agreed with the risks of cyberattacks, 88% of the survey revealed that disabling the airport operations was the most notable risk, 32% believed that it is very likely of possible cyberattacks, while 40% said that disruption of business in operational activities is one of the negative impact of cyberattacks, 35% of respondents reveal that system applications present the highest security risk, while 34% of respondents are aware of cybersecurity measures or policies, 28% says the topic of cybersecurity governance, policy, and regulations find most valuable in developing cybersecurity programs. In addition, 24% of the respondents think that the most effective security tools and tactics to protect against cyberattacks are by developing cybersecurity programs.
However, the results presented here cannot accurately describe the totality of the whole civil aviation system. Future research is suggested to validate the approaches and measures to enhance aviation security.
1. How did it start as a perspective on formulating transport action plan in the context of ASEAN regionalism?
2. How does it benefit the countries of ASEAN in terms of regional cooperation, multilateral agreements, and other protocols?
The methodology employed in this paper borrows from Carol Weiss’s Theory-based Evaluation (TBE). On that account, there is a need to review the current status and outcome with regards to past practices, current implementation, and future roadmap of ASEAN transport cooperation to move forward and to carry out its mission and service to its people today and tomorrow.
1. How did it start as a perspective on formulating transport action plan in the context of ASEAN regionalism?
2. How does it benefit the countries of ASEAN in terms of regional cooperation, multilateral agreements, and other protocols?
The methodology employed in this paper borrows from Carol Weiss’s Theory-based Evaluation (TBE). On that account, there is a need to review the current status and outcome with regards to past practices, current implementation, and future roadmap of ASEAN transport cooperation to move forward and to carry out its mission and service to its people today and tomorrow.