Rendering

Real-time results of our method for simulating translucent materials (skin on the left, ketchup on the right). Our separable subsurface-scattering method enables the generation of these images using only two convolutions (versus 12 in the sum-of-Gaussians approach [dLE07, JSG09]) and seven samples per pixel, while featuring quality comparable with the current state of the art, at a fraction of its cost. It can be implemented as a post-processing step and takes only 0.489 ms per frame on an AMD Radeon HD 7970 at 1080p, which makes it highly suitable for challenging real-time scenarios. Abstract In this paper we propose two real-time models for simulating subsurface scattering for a large variety of translucent materials, which need under 0.5 milliseconds per frame to execute. This makes them a practical option for real-time production scenarios. Current state-of-the-art, real-time approaches simulate subsurface light transport by approximating the radially symmetric non-separable diffusion kernel with a sum of separable Gaussians, which requires multiple (up to twelve) 1D convolutions. In this work we relax the requirement of radial symmetry to approximate a 2D diffuse reflectance profile by a single separable kernel. We first show that low-rank approximations based on matrix factorization outperform previous approaches, but they still need several passes to get good results. To solve this, we present two different separable models: the first one yields a high-quality diffusion simulation, while the second one offers an attractive trade-off between physical accuracy and artistic control. Both allow rendering subsurface scattering using only two 1D convolutions, reducing both execution time and memory consumption, while delivering results comparable to techniques with higher cost. Using our importance-sampling and jittering strategies, only seven samples per pixel are required. Our methods can be implemented as simple post-processing steps without intrusive changes to existing rendering pipelines.

The purpose of this project was to create several methods for achieving non-photorealistic appearance of the objects or, in other words, the goal was to create several different implementations of the cartoonish shader, which can sometimes be referred to as a cel-shader or just toon-shader.

Este trabajo de investigación propone el estudio, análisis y desarrollo del proceso de diseño arquitectónico y su posible variabilidad determinada por el uso de técnicas y herramientas digitales de diseño.

Frente a esto se define como la problemática inicial a la ‘discretización del diseño arquitectónico’ entendida como la divergencia entre los procesos tradicionales de diseño arquitectónico frente a la sistematización racional, como mecanismo de búsqueda arquitectónica, que proponen actualmente las nuevas herramientas digitales de diseño.

These slides describes about rendering engine, types of rendering engine and how Webkit rendering works.
A rendering engine (also called layout engine or web browser engine) is a software component that takes marked up content (like HTML, XML, image files, etc.) and formatting information (like CSS, XSL, etc.) and displays the formatted content on the screen

Selamat datang kembali di saidgank , dalam artikel ini saya ingin menjelaskan cara membuat bahan air di V-Ray , kita gunakan settingan tersebut buat laut , danau , sebuah kolam renang agar semakin terlihat nyata saat di render seperti gambar dibawah ini. Jadi mari kita mulai. Yang harus kalian lakukan untuk membuat agar realistis adalah untuk pertama buka Material Editor dari V-Ray dan membuat material baru, mengganti nama dengan nama yang paling sesuai dengan apa yang ingin Anda capai, misalnya, saya telah menganti menjadi air karena, seperti yang Anda lihat di 'gambar saya di atas seperti air laut, tapi kalian dapat mengantinya seperti apa yang kalian inginkan ...berikut ini adalah caranya: tutorial cara membuat air agar terlihat realistis di vray sketchup

Özet: Dijital Teknolojiler, Üç boyutlu görselleştirme Programları, farklı modelleme yöntemleri diğer mühendislik alanlarında olduğu gibi mimarlık alanında da yoğun bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Maltepe Üniversitesi Mimarlık ve Tasarım Fakültesinde İç Mimarlık Bölümü Yüksek lisans programında yürütülen bir projenin modeli ve modele geçiş süreci ele alınacaktır. Proje konusu Kadıköy'de bir "Seramik Kafe" tasarımıdır. Kafe projesi aynı zamanda bir atöyle-toplanma yeri, seminer ve workshopların yapıldığı bar ve satış birimini de içeren çok amaçlı bir mekan projesi tasarımıdır. Bu çalışma seramik bölümü mezunu ödüllü bir tasarımcı olan Berk Arıl ile yürütücüsü mimar Türkan İrgin Uzun'un ürünüdür. Projede kullanılan 3d Max programının kısa tarihçesine de değinilerek, proje ile paralel sürdürülen modelleme teknikleri, öğrenme sürecinin tasarımcının görselleştirme becerisine katkıları, sahneye nasıl yansıttığı, tasarımlarında nasıl kullanabildiği gibi konularda elde edilen sonuçların sunulacağı ve değerlendirileceği örnek bir çalışma modelidir. Çalışmada Seramik kafenin tasarım kararları, 3d modele aktarımı, malzeme seçimi, ışık ayarlarıyla birlikte bitmiş bir tasarımın, sahne donatılarının kararları ve sonuçları modellemenin görsel sonuçlarıyla birlikte sunulacaktır. Anahtar Sözcükler: Dijital tasarım, dijital modelleme, dijital görselleştirme, 3d Max, iç mekan, mimari modelleme, mimari görselleştirme, mimarlık , iç mimarlık, iç mekan, seramik atölyesi, yüksek lisans projesi

Abstract: Digital Technology, Three-dimensional visualization program, different modeling methods are used extensively in architecture, as in other engineering fields. In this study, Maltepe University Faculty of Architecture and Design, Department of Interior Architecture model and model transition to a project carried out in the master program will be discussed. A project topic in Kadikoy "Ceramic Café" design. Café project also workshop to-one meeting place, including seminars and workshops, bars and sales units in which the project is a multipurpose interior design. In the short history of 3d Max software used in the project reference, the project in parallel with the ongoing modeling techniques, the learning process of visualization skills to contribute to the designer, how it reflects on the scene, how they can use in the design, it will be presented the results obtained in the subject and sample to be evaluated is a working model. Work on ceramics cafe design decisions, 3d model transfer, material selection, with light setting a finished design, decisions and results of the modeling stage equipment will be presented with the visual results.

L’obiettivo di questo studio è la visualizzazione digitale del modello di un’opera giovanile di Almeyda: il
caffè del 1859.
La tavola originale, su cartoncino, raffigura la pianta del livello principale ed un prospetto.
La riproduzione è avvenuta tramite scansioni piane di formato A3 ad alta risoluzione, effettuate con un
buon margine di sovrapposizione e moisacate in modo non automatico, poiché il risultato della
composizione automatica presentava, in alcuni casi, operazioni di sovrapposizione ritenuti non
accettabili.
Il progetto del caffè si sviluppa su un nucleo centrale a forma di ottagono regolare. Lo schema,
perfettamente centrico, presenta, lungo i due assi ortogonali principali, quattro vestiboli rettangolari
con gruppo tetrastilo centrale e quattro nicchie murarie. Lungo gli assi diagonali si trovano quattro vani
rettangolari chiusi da piccoli spazi emisferici.
Il modello tridimensionale mette in risalto una composizione volumetrica molto complessa, non
immediatamente percepibile da pianta e prospetto, che si alleggerisce verso l’alto, fino alla copertura
piramidale, matericamente alleggerita dalla struttura in ferro e vetro.
Le informazioni contenute nei disegni originali consentono la modellazione del paramento esterno del
caffè, mentre è impossibile, in assenza di sezioni, la ricostruzione degli interni.
Il modello tridimensionale è stato utilizzato come base per rendering statici, per un’animazione e per
una visualizzazione navigabile interattiva.

In this paper, we introduce a novel approach for modeling surface reflection. We focus on using a family of probability distributions called Archimedean copulas as BRDF models. The Archimedean representation has an attractive property in that the multivariate distributions are characterized by their marginal distributions through a single univariate function only. It is shown that the proposed model meets the reciprocity property of reflection. Based on measured BRDF data, we demonstrate that the proposed approach provides a good approximation to BRDF. Empirical comparisons are made with some classically used BRDF models.

This essay is part of a special, guest edited issue of "The Journal of Architectural Education" entitled "#SMLXL." This special issue's publication coincided, down to the month, with the 20th anniversary of the publication of the Office for Metropolitan Architecture's self-described 1,000+ page architectural novel," "S, M, L, XL"

En este texto se analiza el potencial de la figura humana,
dentro del dibujo en perspectiva, como una herramienta de comunicaciÛn
del proyecto de arquitectura. Como se sabe, aunque en la representaciÛn
arquitectÛnica actual
heredera de los estilos gr·ficos y modelÌsticos
del pasado, ligada a las herramientas digitales y condicionada por el
marketing
el uso de figuras humanas es extendido, en la mayorÌa de
los estudios, Èstas son empleadas para ambientar y mostrar la escala del
edificio, sin mayores pretensiones. No obstante, en algunas ocasiones
su utilizaciÛn va m·s all·, siendo original y totalmente intencionada,
hacia destacar ciertos contenidos del proyecto m·s personales del autor.
De esta forma, adem·s de evidenciar la proporciÛn de la arquitectura
ideada, las im·genes humanas pueden ser el elemento que indique su
cometido; las caracterÌsticas del medio fÌsico; los perfiles de usuarios
que se espera se apropien del proyecto; las escenas habituales que se
generar·n en el espacio; el concepto global; y el espÌritu de la Època. Es
intenciÛn de este documento seleccionar, analizar y sintetizar diferentes
categorÌas de uso, donde las figuras humanas act˙an como elementos
polisÈmicos que matizan el discurso
tanto publicitario como crÌtico
e histÛrico
del proyecto de arquitectura.

The transition from traditional graphics into computer graphics over the past decade has brought about a multitude of changes that graphics educators and other graphics professionals have had to address and incorporate. The ever evolving integration of computer aided design (CAD) in architecture and engineering have revolutionized the design and documentation process. In the graphic communication area, changes from layout and design to desktop publishing and interactive `new media' design for CD-ROM and Web distribution are but a few of the changes graphic educators have to keep up with. One problem with new technology is computer graphics encompasses several components and areas, and some of these areas are not able to progress into technology as quickly as others. This paper gives an overview of the shades, shadows and perspective course at Purdue University and how it has evolved into an integrated 2D and 3D digital lighting and rendering illustration course

Generating photo-realistic images through Monte Carlo rendering requires efficient representation of light–surface interaction and techniques for importance sampling. Various models with good representation abilities have been developed but only a few of them have their importance sampling procedure. In this paper, we propose a method which provides a good bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) representation and efficient importance sampling procedure. Our method is based on representing BRDF as a function of tensor products. Four-dimensional measured BRDF tensor data are factorized using Tucker decomposition. A large data set is used for comparing the proposed BRDF model with a number of well-known BRDF models. It is shown that the underlying model provides good approximation to BRDFs.

In this paper, we present a new system of non-photorealistic rendering which allows landscape photographs to be automatically converted to look like Oriental paintings. Using various computer vision and image processing techniques, we can generate images with the rules and features commonly found in Oriental paintings. With such a system, anyone can create realistic Oriental paintings easily, without the years of practice that are usually required by Oriental artists.

In this article we use an ElectroEncephaloGraph (EEG) to explore the perception of artifacts that typically appear during rendering and determine the perceptual quality of a sequence of images. Although there is an emerging interest in using an EEG for image quality assessment, one of the main impediments to the use of an EEG is the very low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) which makes it exceedingly difficult to distinguish neural responses from noise. Traditionally, event-related potentials have been used for analysis of EEG data. However, they rely on averaging and so require a large number of participants and trials to get meaningful data. Also, due the the low SNR ERP's are not suited for single-trial classification. We propose a novel wavelet-based approach for evaluating EEG signals which allows us to predict the perceived image quality from only a single trial. Our wavelet-based algorithm is able to filter the EEG data and remove noise, eliminating the need for many participa...

Visualizations play a significant role as decision-making tools in planning processes. Nowadays perspective representations -3D renders- are commonly used. However, we argue that in order to perceive depth, size, and detail; a “virtuality”: intensity, immersion, and interactivity have to be addressed. Technologies such as Virtual Reality (VR) create this “virtuality”, enabling the user to not only view the digital environment in 3D but also to look around and experience the space. 
   
In this research, we propose a pipeline to visualize big scale landscape projects with laser scan’ point cloud models and virtual reality as a medium to communicate. The pipeline combines five software, Rhino, Cinema 4D, Cloud Compare, and Unity. 

The method is applied in one case-study joining two representation, an interactive point cloud model, and specific 360 degrees renders. The resulting experience is one where the users can repeatedly visit the site, viewing it from angles impossible in the real world and allows them to have a better understanding of the project.

Various empirical and theoretical models of the surface reflectance have been introduced so far. Most of these models are based on functions with non-linear parameters and therefore faces some computational difficulties involved in non-linear optimization processes. In this paper, we introduce a new approach for approximating Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Functions (BRDF) by employing response surface methodology. The proposed model employs principal component transformations of the explanatory variables which are essentially functions of incoming and outgoing light directions. The resulting model is linear and can be used to represent both isotropic and anisotropic reflectance for diffuse and glossy materials. Considering some widely used reflection models including the Ward model, the Ashikhmin–Shirley model and the Lafortune model, we demonstrate empirically that satisfactory approximations can be made by means of the proposed general, simple and computationally efficient linear model.

ABSTRACT The servomotors used in the joints of a manipulator or wheels of a rover in high risk applications, such as space applications, should be capable of continued functional operation even if insulation failure or open-circuit of a winding occur. This paper presents a fault-tolerant (FT) torque con troller for brushless motors that can maintain accurate torque production with minimum power dissipation subject to current limitations even if one of motor phases fails. The controller is developed based on the Fourier series model of the motor back-EMF waveform and the cogging torque. The faulty phase is detected from the covariance of the estimation error of a voltage observer. Subsequently, the phase currents of the remaining phases are optimally reshaped so that the motor accurately generates torque as requested while minimizing power loss subject to maximum current limitation of the current amplifiers. A closed-form solution to the optimization programming problem is found by using the Kuhn-Tucker theorem; rendering the control approach suitable for real-time implementation. Experimental results illustrate the capability of the FT controller to achieve ripple-free torque performance during a phase failure at the expenses of increasing the mean power loss by 28%.