Li

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In this study, the evolution of the NATO-EU relationship from the Cold War years to present day is examined and this relationship is comprehensively analysed politically, economically and militarily. This analysis consists fundamentally of major problems like the Libya crisis, which enhanced tensions among the EU, NATO, the USA and Turkey. Furthermore, the question of EU’s autonomy from NATO, NATO allies military spendings, NATO’s “Smart Defence” initiative and Turkey’s role in the NATO-EU strategic partnership are examined. The study begins with a historical overview that brings attention to new opportunities and risks in transatlantic relations in the next part. In the last analysis,
emphasis is given to targets which the EU want to reach in world politics in the future including Europe’s military reform, the limits of NATO-EU relations and the search for a new balance of power in the Euro-Atlantic security chain. The article concludes that searching for a balance between “NATO’s primacy against the EU” and “EU autonomy” in the Euro-Atlantic partnership continue and the Cyprus issue is not the only obstacle which limits NATO-EU relations.
Keywords:
USA, France, NATO, Military Intervention, EU, Turkey

The philosopher Xunzi (Hsün Tzu, c. 310—c. 220 B.C.E.) was an important Confucian. Xunzi’s political philosophy was unique in combining li, or rules of propriety, and fa, or laws and punishment. Li was originally seen as a political instrument by Confucianism but fa was not. Acceptance of the newly proposed roles of fa was examined.
          Results were that factors in Xunzi’s acceptance of fa might have been influenced by contemporaneous reformist ideas and interest in problems’ of the lower classes. Li remained Xunzi’s most influential concept. Xunzi's interpretation of li was not identical to the original formulation of Confucius. Li was understood through fa as a political instrument for achieving concrete goals. In this way, Xunzi's approach to li was an indirect reinterpretation of fa.

Fifteen, one year old swamp buffalo males with average liveweight of 200.5±9.5kg were randomly assigned according to a completely randomized design to receive three dietary treatments of supplemental vegetable oils in concentrate contained 140, 750, and 16g of crude protein, total digestible nutrient, and ether extract, respectively (T1=unsupplemented, T2=supplemental coconut oil and sunflower oil in ratio 50:50 at 6% of concentrate, and T3=supplemental sunflower oil at 6% of concentrate) during a 5-month feeding trial. Urea-treated rice straw was offered ad libitum and concentrate was supplemented at 150g/kg BW. The results revealed that supplementation of vegetable oils decreased dry matter intake in sunflower oil supplemented group. Combination of coconut oil and sunflower oil supplementation resulted in similar average daily gain as those found in control and in sunflower oil supplemented groups. Rumen microorganism population, ammonia–nitrogen, blood urea–nitrogen and total vol...

Chinese politeness has a long native proto-scientific research history in comparison with many other languages. The origin of modern Chinese politeness principles derive from ancient times and have evolved from the past. Although parts of ancient polite languages have disappeared, the principles have not yet vanished. We argue that current Chinese politeness and historical Chinese politeness are in essence very similar. Although there are new polite expressions used, there is continuity between historical Chinese politeness and modern Chinese politeness. This paper elaborates the notion of li 7 9 3 C (rites) at five levels and compares the difference between Chinese li 7 9 3 C (rites) and western culture. It also explores the origin of modern Chinese politeness strategies mainly self-denigration/ other-elevation, attitudinal warmth, and refinement. By illustrating examples from Confucian Classics, the paper shows that modern Chinese politeness strategies are in line with historical Chinese politeness strategies and that the modern phase has inherited from the essence of li 7 9 3 C (rites) of the historical phase.

This paper presents a battery test platform including two Li-ion battery designed for hybrid and EV applications, and charging/discharging tests under different operating conditions carried out for developing an accurate dynamic electro-thermal model of a high power Li-ion battery pack system. The aim of the tests has been to study the impact of the battery degradation and to find out the dynamic characteristics of the cells including nonlinear open circuit voltage, series resistance and parallel transient circuit at different charge/discharge currents and cell temperature. An equivalent circuit model, based on the runtime battery model and the Thevenin circuit model, with parameters obtained from the tests and depending on SOC, current and temperature has been implemented in MATLAB/Simulink and Power Factory. A good alignment between simulations and measurements has been found.

Repeated nonreinforced preexposure to a stimulus interferes with the establishment of conditioned responding to this stimulus when it is subsequently paired with reinforcement. This stimulus-preexposure effect is known as latent inhibition (LI). Rather remarkably, LI appears to be resistant to the effects of numerous lesions, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the basolateral amygdala (BLA). However, intact behavioral expression of LI following damage to given brain regions does not preclude the possibility that such regions participate in the regulation of LI expression in the intact brain. The present study showed that lesions of the BLA and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) but not of the medial PFC (mPFC) led to an abnormally persistent LI which emerged under conditions that disrupted LI in control rats. LI was measured in a thirst motivated conditioned emotional response procedure by comparing suppression of drinking in response to a tone in rats which received 0 (nonpreexp...