Late Ottoman History

The monograph From Ambivalence to Hostility focuses on writings on Zionism published in the Arabic newspaper Filasṭīn (ʻPalestineʼ) in the pre-WWI period (1911–1914). It covers a broad range of subjects treated by the periodical including Jewish land purchases in and immigration to Palestine, violent incidents between the Jewish and the Arab communities, Zionist boycott and Zionist Congresses. The second chapter of the book offers a detailed analysis of the gradual yet profound transformation of Filasṭīnʼs editorial policy vis-à-vis Zionism before World War I.

Powerful historical artefacts vitalize their potential agencies in specific historical moments and cause fractures in our perspectives. In this thesis, I argue that objects' power can be examined by looking at their supernatural, political, cultural, practical, and economic agencies. The thesis is based on a case study of looting in Turkey and archival research on nineteenth-century travelogues of Asia Minor. Rituals of looting attest to the supernatural agency. Rituals challenge the common perception of time and space. The contradictions between European travelers' approach to and the Ottoman locals' interpretations of historical artefacts signify objects' cultural agency. Locals' multitemporal framing of antiquities and travelers' perception of time as linear has resulted in an epistemic antinomy that defined the Ottoman experience of modernity from below. Such encounters in the Mediterranean conjuncture often necessitated the Ottoman state to fill in the power gap. I argue that this involvement sutured the antiquities' political agency in designing the Ottoman's modern statecraft and perception of cultural heritage. Besides these three agencies, antiquities have a practical agency that locals attached to their everyday lives. The economic agency of antiquities is relevant in the global market of the illicit antiquities trade. In the sphere of the antiquities market, the exchange value subsumes the antiquities' other agencies. Through in-depth case studies from Laodicea in Turkey to Heraklion in Crete, the thesis demonstrates how artefacts' times have undergone singularization. As their historical and social context unfolded, the shared sense of space within eclectic temporality has come to a halt. I contend that attempts to singularize the past narrow the culturally effective possibilities of conviviality between diverse social groups. The thesis argues that archaeologists, heritage scholars, and policymakers can contribute to the culturally viable and socially equitable ways to organize cultural heritage, should a holistic analysis, involving all the five types of agencies, be applied to the cases of looting of antiquities.

""""“Refik Halid Türkçeyi en iyi yazan muharrirdir.”
                                   
                                                                                            Ziya Gökalp

“Nesir yazarları içinde dilini en güzel bulduğum yazar Refik Halid’dir.  İşte tam İstanbul Türkçesi… Yakup Kadri temiz, seçkin ve derin bir yazardır. Ama ben yine onu Refik Halid’den üstün bulamam. Çünkü Refik Halid’den daha kolay lezzet alırım, hayalim yorulmaz…”

                                                                                                    Ömer Seyfeddin

“Meşrutiyet”in bize getirdiği yegâne Avrupaî yenilik Refik Halid’dir.”

                                                                                                      Prens Sebahaddin


Refik Halid Karay 20. yüzyıl Türkiyesi’nde bilhassa siyasi mizah yazılarıyla etkili olmuş önemli bir şahsiyettir. Çökmekte olan Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun kültürel manada yaşadığı ağır sancıları eserlerinde işleyen ve yine çöken bu imparatorluğun mirası üzerine inşaa edilen Türk Devleti’nin kuruluşu aşamasında yaptığı siyasi faaliyetleri ile dönemin en önemli aktörlerinden biri hâline gelen Refik Halid, II.
Meşrutiyet dönemi ile Cumhuriyet devrinin başlarında yaşanan olayları eserlerinde incelikle yorumlayarak kaleme almıştır.

Türkçe’nin en büyük üstadlarından Refik Halid Karay’ın hayatı, siyasi faaliyetleri, eserleri ve eserlerine yansıyan düşünce dünyası üzerine hazırlanan bu eserde, II. Meşrutiyet’ten 1960’lara kadar olan dönemde Karay’ın bu önemli tarihî sürece ilişkin en temel fikirleri doğrultusunda Türk siyasi ve kültürel hayatına katkıları ele alınmıştır.

Yeditepe Yayınevi, Mayıs 2013, İstanbul,
376 s.
ISBN:978-605-5200-20-6"""

http://www.kitapyurdu.com/kitap/default.asp?id=655018

http://www.yeditepeyayinevi.com/tanim.asp?sid=ALQW6XOZCD0DK7HXBTJU

http://www.dr.com.tr/Kitap/Yakin-Donem-Turk-Tarihinde-Refik-Halid-Karay/Yenal-Unal/Edebiyat/Biyografi-Oto-Biyografi/urunno=0000000444611

http://www.kitapadresi.com/yenal-unal/yakin-donem-turk-tarihinde-refik-halid-karay.htm

Arab Patriotism presents the essential backstory to the formation of the modern nation-state and mass nationalism in the Middle East. While standard histories claim that the roots of Arab nationalism emerged in opposition to the Ottoman milieu, Adam Mestyan points to the patriotic sentiment that grew in the Egyptian province of the Ottoman Empire during the nineteenth century, arguing that it served as a pivotal way station on the path to the birth of Arab nationhood.

Through extensive archival research, Mestyan examines the collusion of various Ottoman elites in creating this nascent sense of national belonging and finds that learned culture played a central role in this development. Mestyan investigates the experience of community during this period, engendered through participation in public rituals and being part of a theater audience. He describes the embodied and textual ways these experiences were produced through urban spaces, poetry, performances, and journals. From the Khedivial Opera House's staging of Verdi's Aida and the first Arabic magazine to the ‘Urabi revolution and the restoration of the authority of Ottoman viceroys under British occupation, Mestyan illuminates the cultural dynamics of a regime that served as the precondition for nation-building in the Middle East.

A wholly original exploration of Egypt in the context of the Ottoman Empire, Arab Patriotism sheds fresh light on the evolving sense of political belonging in the Arab world.

Sergi küratörü Zafer Toprak'la yapılan söyleşi:
Pera Müzesi, yeni sergiyle, ahşap deniz hamamlarından plajlara uzanan dönüşümün ve dolayısıyla özgürleşmenin izlerini fotoğraflar, yağlı boya resimler, efemera, kitaplar ve mecmualar aracılığıyla sürüyor.

This is the single comprehensive scientific book in Italian on the tragedy of the Circassians in the XIXth Century. On the strictly documentary side, it contains the full transcription of the documents of the Italian consulate in Trebisond and above all of very important documents in French that have been known until now only partly and imperfectly through English reports. The book is not only on the forced exodus of the Circassian but also on their merging in the growing Turkish nation and on the difficult emergence of the recollection of the experienced tragedy in the republican age. Comparisons with and reflexions on the much more known Armenian tragedy are present. Turkish translation published, English translation in progress.

‘Abdu’l-Bahá (i.e., the ‘Servant of Bahá’) was the eldest son of Bahá’u’lláh (1817–1892), the founder of the Bahá’í Faith, and His appointed successor and the Head of the Faith from 1892 to 1921. He was named ‘Abbás after His grandfather, the minister Mírzá Buzurg Núrí (from Núr) and officially called ‘Abbás Effendi. His mother was Ásíyyih Khánum, ‘Navváb’, who was also from a notable family. Bahá’u’lláh became a prominent member of the Bábí Faith. From early in His life, ‘Abdu’l-Bahá shared His father’s hardships caused by the persecution of the Bábís in Iran and, later, during their exiles from Tehran to Baghdad, Istanbul, Edirne, and ‘Akká. He was Bahá’u’lláh’s close companion, chief steward, and trusted representative for external affairs in the Ottoman Empire. For the Bahá’ís, ‘Abdu’l-Bahá is ‘the Master’, as called by His Father, and the perfect exemplar of the Bahá’í teachings.

De 1906 à 1914, la revue L’Art et les Artistes accueillit une chronique intitulée «Turquie», et parfois, plus explicitement, «Grèce & Turquie» ou «Égypte, Grèce & Turquie» — avant de se stabiliser sous le titre plus général d’«Orient». La première chronique, en mars 1906, fixe les grandes orientations de ce bulletin artistique jusqu’à la veille de la Première Guerre mondiale: en tout quatre-vingt-huit épisodes, sans compter les articles de plus vaste étendue qui donneront lieu à une monographie de leur auteur, Adolphe Thalasso, Grec d’Istanbul. Parenthèse exceptionnelle pour la réception en France des arts modernes et anciens de et dans l’Empire ottoman, la chronique de Thalasso, principalement archéologique à ses débuts, par la suite soucieuse de décrire l’émergence et l’affirmation d’une école turque de peinture, fait écho à la pensée d’Osman Hamdi Bey (1842-1910), fondateur de l’École des beaux-arts, du Musée archéologique d’Istanbul et peintre.

In 1906, the magazine L’Art et les Artistes inaugurated a column called 'Turkey' or, more specifically, 'Greece and Turkey', 'Egypt, Greece and Turkey', before it adopted a wider label, 'Orient'. The first column, in March 1906, determined the main trends of this art bulletin, which went on till the First Word War: eighty eight papers were published, regardless of feature articles later published as monographs by the author, Adolphe Thalasso, born in a Greek family of Istanbul. These years represent an exceptional interlude in the French reception of the antique and modern arts produced or preserved in the Ottoman Empire. Thalasso’s column focused first primarily on archaeology, then on the emergence of a Turkish school of painting. One could find in his papers an echo of the concerns of Osman Hamdi Bey (1842-1910), painter and founder in Istanbul of the Archaeological Museum and of the School of Fine Arts.

Τα τελευταία χρόνια έχουν δημοσιευτεί αρκετά βιβλία, άρθρα και ανακοινώσεις για το Κρητικό Ζήτημα, αλλά σπάνια η ενασχόληση των ερευνητών και των ιστορικών φτάνει μέχρι την εξωτερική πολιτική των πιο «άγνωστων» ευρωπαϊκών δυνάμεων που ενεπλάκησαν και έπαιξαν ρόλο σε αυτό. Το παρόν κείμενο φιλοδοξεί να καλύψει εν μέρει αυτό το «κενό», αναζητώντας εάν και κατά πόσο η Αυστροουγγαρία είχε κάποια συγκεκριμένη πολιτική ως προς τα ζητήματα της Κρήτης στα τέλη του 19ου αιώνα, πως αυτή προέκυψε και πως εφαρμόστηκε.

IT has seemed to me most desirable that the story of the siege of Van and of the flight from Asia into Europe of most of the present survivors of a martyred race should be told in detail and put into permanent form. As the Armenians of Van were believed to have rebelled against the Otto
man Government, it is important that the facts of the case should be made widely known, and that their actual loyalty, their patience under
almost unimaginable provocation, and their hero ism when loyalty and patience proved of no avail, should receive their due meed of publicity and appreciation. I speak of what I do know by the witness of my own eyes and ears, my own nerves quivering in sympathy with the torture of
the people I have labored for, my own fellowship with their sufferings.

The Ottoman-Russian War of 1768‒1774 caused many troubles for the Ottoman State: military, economic, social etc. These troubles were experienced throughout the whole territory, but especially on the Mediterranean island of Cyprus. The island of Cyprus had not been affected in previous Ottoman-Russian wars. The destruction of the main Ottoman navy in Cheshme caused many troubles for the Ottomans leaving most of the Mediterranean islands and all of the coasts open to Russian attack. So, with the war spreading to the Mediterranean, security measures were immediately taken on the island. The war of 1768‒1774 affected Cyprus deeply and Cypriots were burdened with new taxes and tasks during the war.

Yusuf al-‘Isa was an early pioneer of modern
journalism in Palestine which began to flourish
during the second Ottoman constitutional
period. During the years 1911–14 he worked
as the editor-in-chief of the Arabic newspaper
Filastin (Palestine). The texts written by him
reflect his broad cultural horizon, progressive
modernist thinking, open-mindedness, and
aversion to dogmatism. These writings also
manifest his commitment to secularism,
Ottoman and Palestinian patriotism, and
religious tolerance, as well as a respect for
and inclusive approach to other religious
and ethnic communities within the Ottoman
Empire.

Sha'ar Hagai (Kh. Harsis) functioned as a Road Station in ancient times due to the location of the site at the gate way of Wady Nahshon ascending to Jerusalem. In the Late Ottoman Period a Khan and a military watch tower were built at the site and can be seen besides road no, 1. Excavations at the site undertaken by the author on behalf of the Israel Antiquity Authority  revealed an Iron Age 2 Settlement and a Byzantine Road Station featuring  a Bath-house.

Son yirmi yılda Osmanlı araştırmalarında konu yelpazesi genişledi, yeni yöntemler devreye girdi; başta sosyal tarih, iktisat tarihi, askeri tarih ve şehir tarihi gibi alanlarda yeni yönelimler ortaya çıktı. Maddi kültür ve servet, tüketim, kadın/cinsiyet, harem, ticaret ve finans, yemek, ayanlık, kuruluş, kimlik, eğitim, çevre, sınır ve serhat çalışmaları, içinde bulunduğumuz yüzyılda ilgi gören ve üzerine özgün eserler verilen konular oldu.

Osmanlı tarihçiliğine yön veren, uzman tarihçilere ait metinlerden oluşan bu kitap, tarihçiliğimizin son yıllardaki seyrini izlemek ve yeni çalışma alanları keşfetmek için benzersiz bir imkân sunuyor. Metinler, Osmanlı tarihini,n kitabî kaynaklarından harem çalışmalarına, askeri tarihten deniz tarihi araştırmalarına, şeriyye sicillerinin Osmanlı araştırmaları için öneminden iktisat tarihi araştırmalarının serencamına, tıp tarihi çalışmalarındaki sorunlardan sınır araştırmalarına kadar oldukça geniş bir yelpazede sunuluyorele alıyor. Abdülkadir Özcan, Ahmet Yaşar Ocak, Ahmet Tabakoğlu, Ali Akyıldız, Berch Berberoglu, Feridun Emecen, Gábor Ágoston, İdris Bostan, Mehmet Akif Aydın, Michael Ursinus, Gabor Agoston, Feridun Emecen, Ali Akyıldız, Nil Sarı, Mehmet Akif Aydın, Michael Ursinus, Berch Berberoglu gibi yetkin akademisyenlerin Osmanlı tarihinin çeşitli alanlarının mevcut durumuyla ilgili tespitlerini ve bundan sonra yapılacak çalışmalar için önerilerini içermesiyle de başucu kaynağı niteliği taşıyor.

Arif Bilgin ve M. Bedizel Aydın’ın editörlüğünü yaptığı “Osmanlı Tarihçiliği: Osmanlı Araştırmalarınane Yön Veren Konuşmalar”, hem tarih öğrencilerinin hem de araştırma tutkunlarının büyük keyif alarak okuyacakları bir çalışma…

While Muhittin Birgen wrote for the newspaper Tanin, mouthpiece of Committee of Union and Progress (hereafter CUP) published by Hüseyin Cahit Yalçın (an overarching Unionist and a member of the Central Committee), he wanted to prepare a series of articles about the Cemiyet (Committee) and wound up interviewing the active leader of the CUP, Talat Pasha (1874–1921). What kind of structure is CUP,” Birgen asked. “How would you describe it in a single sentence?” After pondering the question, Talat Pasha responded in a remarkable fashion: “It is something truly complex.” Renowned for his work on the CUP, the late historian Erol Şadi Erdinç described the organization in an interview as “first and foremost, a spirit.”

Özet Cevdet Paşa Osmanlı Devletinin en dikkate değer vakanüvis ve tarihçilerinden biridir. Çok yönlü bir yazar ve düşünür olan Cevdet Paşa'nın başta Tarih'i olmak üzere Tezakir ve Maruzat'ı XIX. yüzyıl Osmanlı-Türk tarihi için vazgeçilmez ana kaynaklardır. Pek çok eseri arasında adını yaşatan en önemli kitabı Tarih-i Cevdet'tir. Bu tarih kitabı Hammer'in tarihinin devamı olarak yazılmıştır. Küçük Kaynarca Anlaşması'ndan Tanzimat dönemine değin yaşanan tarih olaylarını kapsayan bu yapıt, içinde yer alan resmi belgeler açısından da zengin bir arşiv kaynağıdır. Bu makalede Cevdet Tarihi'nin bu yanı ele alınmakta ve kitabın yeni baskılarında belgelerin yer almaması eleştirilmektedir. Abstract Djevdet Pasha is one of the most prominent chroniclers and historiagraphs of Ottoman Empire in nineteenth century. Pasha is a versatile writer and thinker. First of all, his works called History, secondary Tezakir (offical reports) and Maruzat (formal reports/supplies) which he wrote is non-abandoned main resources for Ottoman-Turkish history of nineteenth century. This history book has been written as a supplementary of Hammer' History. This work of art which includes historical events from treaty " Küçük Kaynarca " to Tanzimat era, is invaluable archive source in terms of official documents. In this article, this property of Djevdet Pasha' History is being investigated and criticized that documents hadn't located in new editions of this book.

الدولة العثمانية قبل الدستور وبعده سليمان البستاني
ما إن أعلن السلطان العثماني «عبد الحميد الثاني» بدء العمل بالدستور الجديد، الذي كان نِتاجًا لمجهودات دعاة التحرُّر، حتى أُطلقت الحريات العامة وتنفَّس الشعب العثماني صُعَداء الحرية والانفتاح. غير أن هذا الانفتاح لم تكن نتيجته وَفق ما يرغب الخليفة؛ إذ تم وقف العمل بالدستور الجديد بعد عامٍ واحدٍ من إنفاذه؛ فكان جُلُّ هذه الأحداث يحمل ما يكفي من الأسباب لقيام التنظيمات العسكرية التابعة ﻟ «حزب الاتحاد والتَّرقِّي» بما أُطلق عليه «الانقلاب العظيم»؛ حيث نجحوا في إعادة العمل بالدستور بعد تعطيله طيلة ثلاثة عقود. ويرصد الكتاب تطوُّر الحياة السياسية إبَّان الإعلان الدستوري عام ١٨٧٧م وما تَلَاه من تفاعُلات مجتمعية وتنظيمية، كما يُلقي الضوء على تطلُّع الشعب العثماني إلى مواكبة موجات التحرُّر التي أعقبت الثورة الفرنسية.

عن المؤلف
سليمان البستاني: الأديب والسياسي اللبناني، صاحب ترجمة «الإلياذة»؛ الملحمة اليونانية للشاعر الإغريقي «هوميروس».

وُلد سليمان خطار البستاني عام ١٨٥٦م بقرية «بكشتين» من ربوع لبنان، تلقى تعليمه الأولي على يد مُعلمه «عبدالله البستاني»، ثم ارتاد المدرسة الوطنية ببيروت عام ١٨٦٣م، فدرس بها عدة لغات منها الإنجليزية والفرنسية، كما أتقن العربية. ومن معلميه بالمدرسة «ناصيف اليازجي»، و«يوسف الأسير»، وخلال مراحل تعليمه المختلفة استطاع أن يتقن عدة لغات ويُلمَّ بأخرى، فقد أتقن التركية والفارسية والإسبانية، ودرس الألمانية والروسية والعبرية، كما أتم حفظ ألفية ابن مالك في النحو.

عمل البستاني مُعلمًا في المدرسة الوطنية ببيروت، ثُم سافر إلى «العراق» معلمًا بمدارسها أيضًا. ثم عزف عن التدريس واتجه للتجارة فكان يتاجر بالتمر، واستقر به المقام ﺑ «بغداد»، وعُيِّن بعد ذلك في محكمة بغداد التجارية، وكذلك رأس إدارة شركة المراكب العثمانية ببغداد، عاد بعدها لبيروت ومنها سافر للأستانة، ثُم إلى مصر ليسهم في تحرير وإعداد دائرة المعارف، كما عمل محررًا بجرائد «الجنان» و«الجنة» و«الجنينة»، وهي مجلات لمجموعة من أقاربه.

له عدة قصائد شعرية، منها: «الداء» و«الشفاء»، ولكن تظل ترجمته لملحمة «الإلياذة» ترجمة شعرية هي أهم أعماله، وقد ترجمها بِحَثٍّ من الأديب «يعقوب صروف» واعتمد فى ترجمتها على ترجماتها للإنجليزية والفرنسية، كما صدرت له مؤلفات، منها: «لكل فن مطلب» وهو قاموس عام، و«الدولة العثمانية قبل الدستور وبعده»، و«طريقة الاختزال العربي».

انتخب البستاني عضوًا في مجلس المبعوثان عقب إعلان الدستور العثماني، وانتخب بعد ذلك رئيسًا له عام ١٩١٠م، وضمه السلطان «محمد رشاد» عضوًا بمجلس الأعيان، كما تولى وزارة التجارة ووزارة الزراعة، وأنشأ البنك الزراعي، ومدرسة الغابات، كذلك أسس النقابات الزراعية والصناعية في تركيا، ووقف ضد الهجمة الصهيونية على أراضي «بيسان». اهتم بالسفر والترحال فسافر لليمن ونجد والعراق ونيويورك ومصر، مرض في آخر أيامه فذهب للولايات المتحدة للعلاج، فوافته المنية في نيويورك في الأول من يونيو عام١٩٢٥م، ودُفِن ببلدته «بكشتين».

The purpose of this article is to announce the publication of a partial transcription of the c. 1907 Ottoman census that relates to 24,000 Apostolic Armenian Istanbulites and of a historical geographic information system (HGIS), or interactive map, that shows where these individuals lived. Within this framework, the authors first present their argument that an unidentified, microfilmed population register housed in New York is the most substantial portion of this census currently available to researchers. In the second part of their article, they introduce HGISes as tools for the digital humanities and describe the process of creating one.