Kirghizistan

abstract The Phenomenon of Sacrifice in Kyrgyz People. The Kyrgyz people, who are considered one of the ancient peoples in the history of the Turks, have continued old traditions, customs and beliefs of the Turk peoples up to our time. The most anraetive ones of them are the beliefs and the customs connected with sacrifice. The Kyrgyz people have continued the custom of sacrifice, which has stili been the most important custom in the lives of Turks and Central Asian people. Therefore, the research of sacrificial custom of the Kyrgyz people contributes to understanding the religious history of the Turk people. The custom of sacrifice of the Kyrgyz people is researched and analysed in this artiele. İnsanların, yüce varlık ya da varlıkları etkilemek, teskin etmek, onlara şük-ran duygularını ifade etmek, onlardan bir şeyler dilernek ya da günahlarını affettirmek, onların rızasını kazanmak, kötülüklerinden korunmak gibi ne-denlerle icra ettikleri çeşitli ibadet ve uygulamaların en önemlilerinden birini kurban törenleri teşkil etmiştir. i Evrensel bir fenomen olan kurban, öteden beri dinlerde vazgeçilmez uygulamalardan biri olmuştur. Türk tari-hinin bilinen en eski topluluklarından biri olan Kırgızlar, İslamı kabul ettik. ten sonra da genelolarak Geleneksel Türk Dini diyebileceğimiz inanış ve uygulamaları günümüze kadar canlı biçimde taşımıştır. 2 Bu inanış ve uygu-1

Avrasya'da Yeniden Çizilen Sınırlar, İnşa Edilen Kimlikler Projesi

- Bağımsızlıklarının Yirminci Yılında Orta Asya Cumhuriyetleri: Türk Dilli Halklar, Türkiye İlişkiler-1

(REDRAWING OF BORDERS AND RECONSTRUCTION OF IDENTITIES IN EURASIA AND TURKEY- In the 20th Anniversary of Independence Republics of Central Asia - Turkic Speaking Peoples, Relations with Turkey-1)

Abstract : The project of Eurasian Economic Union has been reactivated by Russia at the end of the last decade. Its aim is to build a vast market by integrating several ex-republics of the Soviet Union, paving the way for the rebuilding of a competitive and innovative industrial capacity. But behind the industrial ambition of Russia, actual and potential member’s  objectives may be divergent. Moreover, the institutional conditions of the constitution of this Economic Union undermine it. Consequently, the perspective of a real regional economic integration - that would be necessary - remains unclear. 

Résumé : L’Union Économique Eurasiatique est un projet réactivé par la Russie à la fin des années 2000. Il vise à constituer un grand marché par l’intégration de certaines ex-républiques de l’URSS, avec pour objectif de reconstituer une capacité industrielle et d’innovation qui soit compétitive à l’échelle mondiale. Mais derrière l’ambition industrielle de la Russie, les objectifs des partenaires actuels et potentiels divergent. En outre, les conditions institutionnelles de l’édification de cette Union la fragilisent. Par conséquent, les perspectives d’une intégration économique régionale réelle, qui serait nécessaire, restent floues.

Öz Kırgızların XX. yüzyıl başlarında Sovyetler bünyesinde cumhuriyet kurmaları ve yaklaşık 70 sene devam eden Kırgız Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti dönemi kendi içinde bazı çelişkili konuları barındırmaktadır. Kırgız Cumhuriyeti bağımsız olalı 25 yıl geçmesine karşılık Kırgız Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti tarihinin bazı meseleleri tam olarak aydınlatılmış değildir. Kırgızistan'da Sovyet rejiminin kurulması, Kırgızistan'ın Rusya Federasyonu bünyesine dahil edilmesi, ülkedeki kolhozlaştırma ve iskan politikaları, basmacılık harekatı, aydınlara yapılan soykırımlar ve İkinci Dünya Savaşı bu sorunlu meselelerin öne çıkanlarıdır. Kırgız Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti tarihinin bu gibi öne çıkan meseleleri yeniden yorumlama beklemektedir. • Abstract The establishment of Kyrgyz republic within the body of Soviet Union and about 70-year of ongoing Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic contains some controversial issues in itself. Even after 25 years of independence of Kyrgyz Republic some issues in the history of the Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic haven't yet been clarified in depth. The establishment of Soviet Regime in Kyrgyz Republic, the inclusion of Kyrgyz Republic into Russian Federation, collective farming and settlement policies of the republic, basmachi operation, massacre of intellectuals, and World War II are prominent ones of these problematic issues. These kinds of outstanding issues in the history of Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic should be reinterpreted.

Intervista ad Alice Pontini, tour leader che accompagna i viaggiatore in luoghi al di fuori dalle rotte turistiche in Asia Centrale (Turkmenistan, Tagikistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakistan, Kirghizistan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Cina, Mongolia), in Europa (Finlandia, Russia) o sulla cordigliera andina in Sud America. La Via della Seta e la Transamericana su tutte.

Cet article propose un état des lieux la littérature russophone du Kirghizstan et observe la manière dont elle s’écrit dans le contexte historique et culturel propre à la croisée des xxe et xxie siècles. Pour ce faire, l’article s’appuie sur une analyse des œuvres littéraires les plus représentatives de la production de l’époque.
Kyrgyzstan’s Literature in Contemporary Geopolitical, Historical and Cultural Conditions: the Russian discourse
This article proposes an overview and a characterisation of the way Kyrgyzstan’s Russian language literature is produced both in historical and cultural terms at the turn of the 20th-21st centuries. The article draws on an in-depth analysis of the most illustrative literary productions of the time.
Литература Кыргызстана в современных геополитических и историко-культурных условиях: русский дискурс
На основе анализа наиболее показательных художественных произведений в статье проводится обзор и характеристика функционирования литературы Кыргызстана на русском языке в историко-культурном контексте рубежа xx-xxi вв.

Le problème de l’identité culturelle est abordé dans cet article à travers les œuvres d’auteurs qui vivent au Kirghizstan, écrivent en russe et se sentent russes dans le contexte d’un État nouvellement indépendant. L’analyse de leurs œuvres fait état des diverses formes d’identités qu’ont leurs auteurs : le travail de recherches et de traduction de Viatcheslav Chapovalov et de Svetlana Souslova a conduit à la formation du phénomène des ‘nouveaux Asiatiques’. Tous deux ont puisé dans la culture et la littérature kirghizes et témoignent qu’une création multiculturelle est possible tout en conservant la langue russe. Tandis qu’Alexandre Ivanov comme Vladimir Mikhajlov-Lidskij, chacun à sa façon, ne sortent pas eux des limites de la tradition historique et littéraire russe dont ils ont hérité : cela prend la forme d’une identification ‘soviétique’ pour le premier, et d’une identification ‘russe’ (rossijskoj) pour le second.

Literature as archived identity: the case of Russian writers in post-Soviet Kyrgyzstan
This article studies the cultural identity problem in the works of authors, living in Kyrgyzstan, writing in Russian and perceiving themselves as Russians in the context of the young independent Kyrgyz Republic. The analysis of their works exposes the authors’ various cultural identities: Vyacheslav Shapovalov’s and Svetlana Suslova’s investigations and translations have resulted in the formation of the ‘new Asians’ phenomenon. Both have drawn on Kyrgyz cultural and literature and demonstrate that they were able to produce a multicultural work even though they kept Russian language in their writings. Alexander Ivanov and Vladimir Mikhajlov-Lidskiy, each in their own way, stay within the frame of the Russian historical and literary tradition that brought them up: this takes the form of a ‘Soviet’ identification for the first and a ‘Russian’ (rossijskoj) one for the second.

Литература как архивирование идентичности: опыт русских авторов постсоветского Кыргызстана
В статье рассматривается проблема культурной идентичности в произведениях авторов, живущих в Кыргызстане, пишущих на русском и осознающих себя русскими в контексте молодого независимого государства – Кыргызской Республики. Анализ их произведений демонстрирует разную культурную идентичность авторов: исследовательская и переводческая практика В.Шаповалова и С.Сусловой приводит к формированию феномена «новых азиатов» – они впитали опыт кыргызской словесной культуры и продемонстрировали возможность поликультурного творчества даже при сохранении русского языка творчества. А. Иванов и В. Лидский, каждый по-своему, остаются в рамках воспитавшей их русской литературной и исторической традиции – это соответствует «советской» идентификации первого и «российской» идентификации второго.

Central Asia's geographic proximity to Russia, China, the Caucasus and the Caspian region makes this oil and gas-producing region a crucial and ever-developing player in regional and global energy markets; the energy resources dependency of Russia, and the growing Chinese need for energy security have caused rivalry, competition, but also possibilities for partnerships in the region, where contracts for the export of natural gas and oil have brought to loans for the building of infrastructures, investments in energy resources and construction of pipelines.

What role should the wolf in our societies today? What consequences derive the return of the wild? Since the arrival of the wolf in France in 1992, the status of wildlife, including large predators, is the subject of lively debate. For lightning the necessary choices, and interdiciplinaire an international investigation has been launched. Here are the first results. Results of the rural division seminar and several research meetings (in Hérouville-Saint-Clair, in Blois and at Grenoble University), first work of collective reflection between the human sciences and the life sciences. All Abstracts.

littéralement pays des Kirghizes, est un pays d'Asie Centrale d'une superficie de 199 945 kilomètres carrés. Le pays est limitrophe de la Chine, du Kazakhstan, de l'Ouzbékistan et du Tadjikistan. Officiellement, le pays porte le nom de République Kirghize. Bien que la langue kirghize soit la langue nationale, la langue officielle du Kirghizistan reste le russe. La capitale du Kirghizistan, Bichkek, est située près de la frontière du Kazakhstan. L'instabilité de l'URSS à la fin des années 80, permit au Kirghizistan, peu de temps après, lors de la chute de l'URSS, l'accession à l'indépendance (31 aout 1991) grâce aux élections libres permettant l'élection de Askar Akaïev en tant que président en 1991.

The project of Eurasian Economic Union has been reactivated by Russia at the end of the last decade. Its aim is to build a vast market by integrating several ex-republics of the Soviet Union, paving the way for the rebuilding of a competitive and innovative industrial capacity. But behind the industrial ambition of Russia, actual and potential member's objectives may be divergent. Moreover, the institutional conditions of the constitution of this Economic Union undermine it. Consequently, the perspective of a real regional economic integration - that would be necessary - remains unclear.

Abstract The integration of the Bronze Age populations in Kyrgyzstan into the Andronovo sphere is largely based on the resemblance of the ceramic material discovered at the Kyrgyz sites with the pottery from various Andronovo sites, which has been explained by human migrations. However, very few detailed pottery studies have been conducted, and no archaeometric analyses have been applied to date to the material from Kyrgyzstan. We present a first investigation on Bronze Age pottery from Uch Kurbu (Kyrgyzstan) through a combined archaeological (field-based stylistic and macroscopic examinations) and archaeometric (the application of X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction and thin-section Optical Microscopy) approaches. Compositional analyses on nine samples demonstrate an unexpected diversity in their provenance and a continuity in the main technological processes of pottery manufacture: raw material supply and processing to get coarse, low calcareous pastes, modelling using handmade methods and firing at low temperature in rather basic conditions. The study also highlights the combination of local peculiarities and extra-regional connections in style and technological processes compared to the pottery assemblages from other Andronovo sites. The whole integrated approach brings new information on the Bronze Age pottery production in Kyrgyzstan and contributes to the investigation of the social interactions as driving force for the diffusion of styles and techniques over central Eurasia in the Bronze Age.

The integration of the Bronze Age populations in Kyrgyzstan into the Andronovo sphere is largely based on the resemblance of the ceramic material discovered at the Kyrgyz sites with the pottery from various Andronovo sites, which has been explained by human migrations. However, very few detailed pottery studies have been conducted, and no archaeometric analyses have been applied to date to the material from Kyrgyzstan. We present a first investigation on Bronze Age pottery from Uch Kurbu (Kyrgyzstan) through a combined archaeological (field-based stylistic and macroscopic examinations) and archaeometric (the application of X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction and thin-section Optical Microscopy) approaches. Compositional analyses on nine samples demonstrate an unexpected diversity in their provenance and a continuity in the main technological processes of pottery manufacture: raw material supply and processing to get coarse, low calcareous pastes, modelling using handmade methods a...

The integration of the Bronze Age populations in Kyrgyzstan into the Andronovo sphere is largely based on the resemblance of the ceramic material discovered at the Kyrgyz sites with the pottery from various Andronovo sites, which has been explained by human migrations. However, very few detailed pottery studies have been conducted, and no archaeometric analyses have been applied to date to the material from Kyrgyzstan. We present a first investigation on Bronze Age pottery from Uch Kurbu (Kyrgyzstan) through a combined archaeological (field-based stylistic and macroscopic examinations) and archaeometric (the application of X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction and thin-section Optical Microscopy) approaches. Compositional analyses on nine samples demonstrate an unexpected diversity in their provenance and a continuity in the main technological processes of pottery manufacture: raw material supply and processing to get coarse, low calcareous pastes, modelling using handmade methods a...

De nos jours, l’information et les activités diplomatiques basées sur les organisations non gouvernementales sont définies par la diplomatie publique. Lors de notre programme de cette semaine, nous allons analyser  les activités de trois importants établissements qui jouent d’importants rôles dans la diplomatie publique de Turquie destinée au Turkestan : la Radio-Télévision de Turquie TRT, l’Agence turque de coopération et de développement TIKA et la Direction générale de la presse et de l’information.