IBM Watson

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to introduce, apply and compare how artificial intelligence (AI), and specifically the IBM Watson system, can be used for content analysis in marketing research relative to manual and computer-aided (non-AI) approaches to content analysis. Design/methodology/approach To illustrate the use of AI-enabled content analysis, this paper examines the text of leadership speeches, content related to organizational brand. The process and results of using AI are compared to manual and computer-aided approaches by using three performance factors for content analysis: reliability, validity and efficiency. Findings Relative to manual and computer-aided approaches, AI-enabled content analysis provides clear advantages with high reliability, high validity and moderate efficiency. Research limitations/implications This paper offers three contributions. First, it highlights the continued importance of the content analysis research method, particularly with the exp...

This paper describes the development of chatbots that can help learners make the most appropriate use of a large body of content. The purpose of a COntent based Learning Assistant, COLA, is to suggest optimal educational paths, along with a persuasive and empathic coaching. COLAs are supported by a novel technology, iCHAT, based on the cognitive engine Watson (by IBM).

IBM Visual Recognition utiliza algoritmos de deep learning para analizar imágenes de escenas, objetos, texto, entre otros elementos.

Realizar hallazgos y construir una narrativa adecuada para comunicarlos son habilidades fundamentales en Ciencia de Datos. El principal ingrediente es la curiosidad.

I analyse an argument according to which medical AI represents a threat to patient autonomy-recently put forward by Rosalind McDougall in the Journal of Medical Ethics. The argument takes the case of IBM Watson for Oncology to argue that such technologies risk disregarding the individual values and wishes of patients. I find three problems with this argument: (1) it confuses AI with machine learning; (2) it misses machine learning's potential for personalised medicine through big data; and (3) it fails to distinguish between evidence-based advice and decision-making within healthcare. I conclude that how much and which tasks we should delegate to machine learning and other technologies within healthcare and beyond is indeed a crucial question of our time; but in order to answer it we must be careful in analysing and properly distinguish between the different systems and different delegated tasks.

Purpose-The purpose of this paper is to introduce, apply and compare how artificial intelligence (AI), and specifically the IBM Watson system, can be used for content analysis in marketing research relative to manual and computer-aided (non-AI) approaches to content analysis. Design/methodology/approach-To illustrate the use of AI-enabled content analysis, this paper examines the text of leadership speeches, content related to organizational brand. The process and results of using AI are compared to manual and computer-aided approaches by using three performance factors for content analysis: reliability, validity and efficiency. Findings-Relative to manual and computer-aided approaches, AI-enabled content analysis provides clear advantages with high reliability, high validity and moderate efficiency. Research limitations/implications-This paper offers three contributions. First, it highlights the continued importance of the content analysis research method, particularly with the explosive growth of natural language-based user-generated content. Second, it provides a road map of how to use AI-enabled content analysis. Third, it applies and compares AI-enabled content analysis to manual and computer-aided, using leadership speeches. Practical implications-For each of the three approaches, nine steps are outlined and described to allow for replicability of this study. The advantages and disadvantages of using AI for content analysis are discussed. Together these are intended to motivate and guide researchers to apply and develop AI-enabled content analysis for research in marketing and other disciplines. Originality/value-To the best of the authors' knowledge, this paper is among the first to introduce, apply and compare how AI can be used for content analysis.

Thanks to more powerful hardware and a new generation of learning algorithms, artificial intelligence is supporting the automation of a number of tasks and activities that are changing the job landscape as much as they have impacted on our everyday life. The first part of the chapter introduces artificial intelligence from its origins: its definition and its main research and application areas. The nature and the importance of machine learning for artificial intelligence applications are presented in the second part of the chapter. Existing approaches to machine learning are also classified and illustrated. The third part describes artificial intelligence tools and solutions by supported functionalities and automated tasks. Cases of applications in tourism are provided, from the best known and widely adopted, e.g., personal assistants, to the most challenging, i.e., semantic systems. Future trends and risks related to the applications of artificial intelligence are considered in the last part of the chapter.

Abstract: At the heart of Turing’s 1950 imitation game is the question-answer test to assess whether a machine can respond with satisfactory and sustained answers to unrestricted questions. In 1966, Weizenbaum’s Eliza system made it possible for a human and a machine to communicate via text in question and answer sessions. Forty five year later in 2011, IBM Watson achieved remarkable success winning an unrestricted question-answer exhibition match competing against humans in Jeopardy! a US TV quiz show. Is it now time to scale up to Harnad’s Total Turing Test combining natural language with robot audio and vision engineering?

Real-time big data analytics is becoming very popular due to massive amount of data being created every day. Data processing is expected to be fast enough to process these big volumes of data. It is important for companies to react to the business conditions that are changing in real time. Some products and technology that has been widely used in recent days using Hadoop architecture in real time analytics and enterprise class support for security, compliance and manageability can be used to get real-time results for big data analytics. This paper describes a framework of Apache Storm using Hadoop and Data Warehouse, which can perform high end real-time and near real-time analytics. Using this framework managing Big Data and processing it in real-time will be possible. It can also produce real-time results for Small and Medium sized Enterprises to prepare new business strategy and grow their business effectively.

Web scraping news from newspapers to make insights of what the audience is thinking is one of the main requests from social listeners and researchers.

The New York Times has developed an API (Application Programming Interface) to collect databases from its archive. The API is available for developers and data scientists interested in exploring this information.

https://medium.com/mlearning-ai/collecting-and-refining-data-from-the-new-york-times-using-ibm-watson-studio-in-cloud-pak-for-data-5b319495a2f1

Similar to all fields of study, growth occurs with breakthrough or developmental research spanning to the progress and intimate utility of technology. Dilemmas of various sectors have been favorably resolved by adopting artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms. Applying Precision Medicine profoundly depends on AI algorithms to work Precision Medicine queries like; predicting or detecting, diagnosing the disease properly, and optimizing therapy, hence, the selection of the algorithm is affected by its capacity and practicality. Nevertheless, it is yet in its initial step and fronts some hurdles crucial to the flourishing deployment of precision medicine like research, adoption values, and authority controls. Notwithstanding, Precision Medicine also pretends some difficulties like; modifying the health discipline and profession to the fact that automata and algorithms could displace most of the healthcare professional tasks they act now. Ultimately, effective employment of precision medicine would rescue countless lives and improve the health profession. This review examines the present state of AI applications in precision medicine and future opportunities. It discusses major AI systems like IBM Watson, examining moral accountability and legal obligations when applying it in clinical decision-making, advantages and boundaries of employing Watson and different AI clinical decision support techniques, and considerations before consulting AI systems.

In this work, we apply text mining algorithms on Twitter messages made available by PAN2015. In the first step, we applied IBM Watson algorithms to obtain the results of Big Five personality analysis, namely OCEAN: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeable-ness and Neuroticism. Then, we applied a Deep Learning algorithm on the resulted IBM Watson scores, in order to minimize the Root Mean Square Error. In this way, we achieved better results than using the IBM Watson algorithms alone. The dataset contains messages in English from 152 distinct authors.
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-319-57351-9_32

The objective is to understand how sterol transport is affected by caloric restriction (CR) and aging.  Sterol synthesis generally increases as cells age.  Yet, despite this increase, the sterol content of selected organelle membranes, such as lysosomal membranes, declines with age and adversely affects cellular functions. We are interested in a better understanding of changes in sterol transport to membranes of vacuoles (the yeast counterparts of mammalian lysosomes) in response to anti-aging and pro-aging manipulations.

In Brief - http://bit.ly/2RvGQ7y

Buy and sell in international market is the most common
operation. Dialy millions of persons use the internet to made
business. All domestic or international transaction suck as
buy and sell needs agreement to control rights and duties of
the participants.
Many organizations are concerned with the enforcement of
rights and duties, and with risk management, uniform
agreements have been built, for example, to buy and sell oils,
seeds, food, textiles among others. The objectives of uniform
rules are to apply the same rights and duties to the same
products and services.
Uniform rules for the control of rights and duties in the
international market reduce the risk of conflict between
participants and, in effect, reduce the need to access the
judicial system to solve problems related to private
negotiation. However, resolving conflict effect of
international trade is a big problem for the global economy.
How Legal Smart Contract can control rights and duties
withouts intermediaries to allow the small, medium, large
companies to participate of the international market without
intermediaries?

Osservazione
La nuova tecnologia trasforma il mondo. Il diritto alla salute è il diritto umano di prima generazione legato al diritto alla vita. Oggi, la salute è vista come un organismo mondiale con una maggiore o minore evoluzione delle consegne di servizi nei paesi in via di sviluppo o meno. Alcune tecnologie come Blockchain, Internet delle Cose, Crypto-coins, Regole Generali di Protezione dei Dati, Diritto Internazionale e Nazionale con controllo contrattuale auto-eseguibile possono aiutare nei problemi specifici della salute umana.
Alcuni problemi sono strettamente legati alla condizione specifica nel paese in via di sviluppo.
Altri sono problemi specifici nel paese sviluppato. Ma la nuova tecnologia è in grado di cambiare l'attuale modello di trattamento connesso alla salute pubblica o privata.
In questo articolo, dedichiamo studi sull'applicazione di nuove tecnologie legate al diritto alla salute. In generale, osserviamo il modello di registrazione dei dati sensibili e segretezza delle informazioni tramite la tecnologia Blockchain.
Osserviamo l'applicazione di Internet delle Cose e il diritto alla salute, lo stesso accade con il modello di pagamento attraverso la tecnologia Crypto-coin e il controllo del contratto auto-eseguibile.

Argomento

In che modo la tecnologia Blockchain può aiutare il sistema sanitario pubblico nel paese in via di sviluppo?
In che modo la tecnologia Internet delle Cose puó aiutare nel sistema sanitario pubblico nei paesi in via di sviluppo?
In che modo la tecnologia delle Crypto-coin può aiutare il sistema sanitario pubblico nel paese in via di sviluppo?
In che modo la tecnologia può essere controllata da un contratto autoeseguente?

An atlas of shift in gene expression of bioenergetic pathways was created for ovarian cancer using (NCBI) Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and other public data. Research based on big data, crosslinking data and atlas-like visualization proves to be an efficient way to study a process of interests by using narrow ontologies and generating human-readable visualizations that can be used for hypothesis generation and further discoveries. Conventional data analysis tools, data visualization tools and emerging artificial intelligence tools were used to bioenergetics pathways within the areas of  include glycolysis, glutaminolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, beta oxidation, mitochondria shuttles and carboxylic transporters. Generated maps of cancer shifts in the sub-pathways can be a foundation for drug development and antigen immunotherapy decision making. Maps demonstrate that solute carrier family of transporters SLC22 and Electron Transfer Chain (ETC) complex III groups of genes were the only ones with most genes under-expressed, latter making it akin mitochondrial complex iii deficiency disease. Some genes have preferential isotypes switching from “normal” isoform to a form characteristic for another tissue and developmental stage (from adult ovarian epithelium’s lactate dehydrogenase LDHB/A to a testis embryonic LHDC). We used IBM’s artificial intelligence tool Watson to demonstrate that ratio of genes from embryonic development increases in the most differentially expressed genes. Based on expression profiles of we suggest the presence of gluconeogenesis in ovarian cancers. In accordance with the “parasitic” model of cancer, the profiles show that ovarian cancer cells may gain the ability to import and utilize nutrients characteristic of other tissues, primarily nervous system, liver, and kidney.  Comparison with normal tissue atlas shows shifts in mitochondrial genes occurring in ovarian cancer towards brain-like. Our profile maps are a tool to easily create the personalized or generalized target lists for cancer therapies and assist in selecting targets for therapeutic antibodies, enzyme bypass therapies, small molecule drugs, antigen lists and checkpoints lists for combination immunotherapy treatments.
All material is copyright, Anna Gutkina 2017

Bir grup girişimcinin 2011 yılında Almanya Hannover Fuarı’nda federal hükümete sundukları bir raporda adı geçen “Endüstri 4.0” kavramı günümüz inovasyon dünyasında en sık atıf yapılan kavramlardan biri. İnsanlık 19. yüzyıla kadar güç gerektiren işlerde hayvan veya insanların kaslarını kullanmıştı. 1800’lerin başlarında buharlı makinelerin icadı ile tarihte yeni bir sayfa açıldı ve üretimde bir sıçrama  yaşandı. Sanayi Devrimi olarak tarihe geçen bu süreç günümüzde Endüstri 1.0 olarak da anılıyor. Elektriğin kullanımıyla 1900’lerin başında üretimde ikinci sıçramayı yaratan ilk seri üretim bandını Henry Ford oluşturdu. Bu süreç Endüstri 2.0 adını aldı. 1970’lere gelindiğinde programlanabilir elektronik devrelerin ve bilgisayarların kullanıma girmesiyle üretimde otomasyon süreci başladı ve bu dönem Endüstri 3.0 adını aldı. İçinde yaşadığımız Endüstri 4.0 dönemi ise nesnelerin interneti (IoT), makine öğrenmesi, doğal dil işleme (NLP), yapay sinir ağları, büyük veri analizi, veri madenciliği, bulut bilişim, yapay zekâ (AI), artırılmış zekâ ve daha birçok yeni bilişim kavramının sahaya uygulanmasıyla 2000’lerin başında doğdu. Bu dönemin bilişimde yeni bir çağ olarak adlandırılmasının öne çıkan sebebi ise bir ürünün tasarımından müşterinin memnuniyeti ile sonuçlanmasına kadar tüm değer yaratan üretim süreçlerinin yeniden ve bütüncül organizasyonuna imkân sağlamış olması.

Endüstri 4.0 kavramı sadece birkaç sanayi sektörünü değil, sağlık da dahil tüm sektörleri etkiliyor. Sağlık sektörüne etkisi “Health 4.0” kavramını doğurdu. Artık bu kavram çerçevesinde kongreler düzenleniyor ve kitaplar yazılıyor (2). Yazımızın konusu olan Watson Health Platform, Endüstri 4.0’ın sağlık alanında somut bir uygulamasıdır, denebilir. Sadece bir bilgisayar veya doktor robot değil bulut teknolojisi üzerinde yer alan devasa bir platform olarak geliştirildi. Watson Sağlık Platformu’nun ne olduğu, evrimi, geldiği son nokta, uygulama örnekleri ve geleceği bu yazıda özetlenmeye çalışıldı.

In this era of modern technology and information systems, intelligent IT infrastructure and smart insights are a leading solution for both business and academic purposes. Big data and internet of things has made it difficult for the businesses to handle data wave and sensor networks. Thus, having a smart insight can be very helpful. With this business and researchers will be able to analyse big data and IoT to make smart insights that can be able to provide views and analytical insights of different data collected from different sources. This can effectively help businesses to create new business model and strategy making. Having open data sources can be helpful to humanity but there are some drawbacks in case of ethical issues. This research demonstrates the data sources of big data and IoT which the importance of smart insights and their ethical issues regarding humanity.

Il paper affronta il tema dell'applicazione dell'Intelligenza Artificiale (AI) in ambito organizzativo. Il tema è suddiviso in 2 parti distinte: la prima relativa agli aspetti teorici legati al ripensamento della struttura allorquando vi sia integrato un HUB di AI, la seconda è la proposta concreta di una piattaforma di AI funzionante, basata su IBM Watson, che rappresenta il primo esempio di applicazione dell'AI in ambito Customer care.

O presente artigo terá como objetivo estudar os Sistemas Especialistas sob a perspectiva das novas tecnologias de Inteligência Artificial e Big Data e será organizado de maneira a, em um primeiro momento, apresentar os aspectos conceituais relativos à Inteligência Artificial e a Inteligência Artificial na Medicina (IAM), bem como apresentar os Sistemas Especialistas e relacionar tais sistemas com as novas tecnologias da Inteligência Artificial e Big Data. A segunda parte desse estudo irá propor algumas reflexões e problemáticas referentes aos Sistemas Especialistas sob a perspectiva do Direito, com maior foco em questões de Propriedade Intelectual, Responsabilidade, Privacidade e Ética. A terceira e última parte do estudo compreenderá as considerações finais sobre o tema e sugestões para estudos futuros.

This paper describes the development of chatbots that can help learners make the most appropriate use of a large body of content. The purpose of a COntent based Learning Assistant, COLA, is to suggest optimal educational paths, along with a persuasive and empathic coaching. COLAs are supported by a novel technology, iCHAT, based on the cognitive engine Watson (by IBM).

Belgium was one of the first countries in Western Europe to celebrate at the end of 2019 the 75th
anniversary of a generally compulsory social security system. But this was done with a certain reluctance
as if the main actors, the administrators of the system, were alienated from the original principles. In this
contribution we examine how this social security evolved by also taking socio-technical factors into
account. To establish that the current system has indeed moved a long way from the basic principle of
'solidarity', and rather has the characteristics of a large technical system in which individual needs can be
detected and an individual compensation system can be developed. Provided that the insured assumes
responsibility and actively participates in the welfare society. This is the paradigm of the Third Way, which
is complementary to the technical foundation of the current network system. The role of administrators
(intermediaries as trade unions, health insurance funds, etc.) is limited in this respect, hence the lukewarm
revelry in the celebration of a system in which they hardly recognize themselves.

Osservazione
L'inquinamento è un problema che sfida la società contemporanea. La mancanza di punizione nazionale e internazionale incoraggia l'azienda a produrre senza responsabilità per il bene comune in equilibrio tra la qualità sana della vita della persona e il profitto aziendale. Trovare quell'equilibrio è difficile, ma non impossibile. Il modello di business contemporaneo è strutturato per affrontare in primo luogo gli interessi della società, i partner commerciali, gli investitori e tutte le catene aziendali. Lasciando il consumatore finale di prodotto e servizio nell'ultimo piano. Un nuovo modello di business è necessario per sostituire il vecchio modello che solo i valori del bene materiale della società e la sua catena. Questo modello sarà dedicato alla persona in misura maggiore rispetto alla dedizione contemporanea. La persona e la sua catena di relazione sarà il bene con il più alto valore per il commercio mondiale. Attraverso il rispetto di Diritti Umani l'industria sarà obbligata a cambiare il suo modello di business per migliorare la vita delle persone e del pianeta. Parecchie regolazioni legali hanno la determinazione di protezione dell'ambiente. Ma l'inefficienza è chiara. Abbiamo problemi con la questione ambientale in tutto il mondo. Tra le questioni giuridiche in materia di diritto ambientale, in questo articolo, osserviamo l'inquinamento plastico nel Mar Mediterraneo e il metodo tecnologico per risolvere il problema o per ridurre gli effetti sull'ambiente.

In recognition of the increasing importance of globalization and the resulting need for greater, faster and more flexible communications, a framework is required to allow any company to establish itself in no time or make optimum use of their legacy applications and run ...

In an educational setting which rarely gives digital technologies the proper space and attention to allow for deep, structured and effective treatment of the subject, it is difficult to imagine that students are being taught valuable skills. In the absence of a discipline capable of reflecting the complexity of a reality that is constantly changing, it is more feasible to elicit students’ aptitudes, sparking curiosity and allowing them to discover new job sectors and fields of study. After a brief introduction to the digital authentic learning, i. e. the teaching method needed to put this proposal into effect, this article shows how the application of tone analysis could improve critical reading, thus bringing students nearer to the new boundaries of artificial intelligence (AI).

This paper investigates possibilities of enhancing everyday decision making in global health management, by looking at the power of twitter data and the use of big data platforms in order to collect and interpret excessive amounts of information generated in a short period of time. We use the scenario of the ZIKA virus because it has triggered a massive response through tweets and retweets. Our goal is to find out a) if we can make sense of twitter data in a global health scare and b) if information available on Twitter could help in the management and containment of the spread of the virus. The results of manual content analysis of selected tweets has been juxtaposed with the results of the manipulation of the same tweets through the Hadoop platform. We wanted to know which approach should be used for addressing public concerns about the ZIKA virus and answer a) and b) at the same time. Both approaches have their advantages and drawbacks. Therefore this paper should be used as an overview of options available for public health organizations, when they need to manipulate social media data in situations where we need to manage health on a global scale.

Isn’t it time that the society with the most powerful information technology in human history provide to patent examiners a tool that presents an organized report of the prior art that’s most pertinent to each element of each claim under examination?  It seems to me that the technology exemplified in IBM's Watson should be adaptable to this task.

Artificial intelligence look at embryonic genes in cancer: IBM Watson-assisted reports of neurological and mitochondrial gene expression in breast and ovarian cancers show embryonic genes of are most prevalent among the most differentially expressed genes. Summary. We used IBM's artificial intelligence tool Watson to visualize the dynamics of presence of embryonic gene expression when cells shift from normal to cancerous. Our hypothesis was that embryonic genes would be over-expressed in cancer. In particular we studied breast and ovarian cancer genes from mitochondria pathways and neurological pathways. However, we actually observed that it is rather the ratio of embryonic genes within most differentially expressed genes (both non-embryonic and embryonic) that is predictively higher. Since the ratio of genes from embryonic development stage increases in the most differentially expressed genes one can speculate this behavior of a cancer cell using embryonic genes, may be the way to avoid immune surveillance. Reusing genes from the past developmental stages is part of the mechanism of cancer plasticity and changing the identity of a cell in cancer.

An essential part of modern education is computing. Learning management systems are introduced as an intermediary between a student and a teacher. This paradigm is shifted through reproduction of teacher's and student's intelligent procedures by intelligent agents. The Artificial Intelligence technologies are based on reproduction of principles of human intelligence. Functioning of general Artificial Intelligence is based on principle of double contingency and is impossible without the acquisition of elements of self-consciousness and self-cultivation that can be embodied in Artificial Neural Network. On its basis it is proposed to make intelligent agents on platform IBM Bluemix with IBM Watson technology. These agents in the form of chatbots have to automate the interaction between the student and the teacher within the frames of Moodle learning management system.

Discriminatory impacts and the damages due to algorithmic systems have opened discussions regarding the scope of responsibility of communication technology and artificial intelligence companies. The article presents public controversies triggered by eight public cases of harm and algorithmic discrimination that generated public responses from technology companies, addressing the efforts made by them in framing the debate about responsibility in the course of planning, training and implementation of systems. Following that, it discusses how the opacity of systems is defended by the commercial companies that develop them, alleging prerogatives such as "industry secrets" and algorithmic inscrutability.