History of Dalmatia

This is the fifth and final part of the article that covers the history of Dalmatian island of Brač during the World War II, in the period between the proclamation of Independent State of Croatia in April 1941 and capitulation of Kingdom of Italy in September 1943. The article presents the situation at the island during that period and activities of all political-military subjects that were present at the island – the authorities of the Independent State of Croatia, as well as the Communist led People's Liberation Movement and the Italian army.

Tema ovog seminarskog rada je teritorijalni razvoj Poljica i njihov odnos sa Splitom kroz okvire političke, geografske, gospodarske i kulturne povijesti, koristeći se suvremenom znanstvenom i stručnom literaturom, uspoređujući različita stajališta i argumentacije iz hrvatske historiografije o interpretacijama narodnih legendi o postanku Poljica i povoda poljičko-splitskih sukoba kroz srednji vijek.
U prvom dijelu rada proučava se nastanak Poljica; kako su geografska obilježja njenog teritorija utjecala na najraniji razvoj, promatrajući povijesni i gospodarski razvoj Poljica od zimske ispaše ilirskih plemena, istočnog dijela salonitanskog agera, do dolaska Hrvata i formiranja Poljica, osamostaljenja i kasnijeg ustrojstva, kao i analizu narodnih legendi koje prate i ukazuju na pojedinosti nastanka i razvoja Poljičke župe. Drugi dio rada proučavaodnose između PoljicaiSplita; etničke i kulturološke razloge, pretenzije Splitske komune kao nasljednice rimske Salone nad teritorijem Poljica, utjecaj Splitske nadbiskupije i razdor između glagoljaškog i latinskog svećenstva, te kako su gospodarske i političke prilike kroz hrvatsko srednjovjekovlje utjecale na njihov odnos.

Poljica i Poljička župa, nazivana i kneževinom ili republikom, se odnosi na autonomnu seljačku republiku, od izvorno trinaest seoskih zajednica unutar područja oko planine Mosor, ograničeno rijekom Žrnovnicom na zapadu, rijekom Cetinom na sjeveroistoku i Jadranskim morem na jugu. Ilirski i predilirski stočari, koji su obitavali na velikim kršnim poljima u Dalmaciji i današnjoj Hercegovini, su preko zime migrirali na okolna planinska područja zbog potrebe zimske ispaše, te tako dolazi do prvog naseljavanja područja Poljica. Geomorfološka obilježja teritorija Poljica, odnosno njena unutarnja podjela u tri mikroregije; Gornja, Donja i Srednja Poljica, su omogućavala cjelogodišnji boravak transhumantnim stočarima, što je utjecalo i tome da stočarstvo ostane kao glavna gospodarska djelatnost na tom području i u kasnijim razdobljima.
Za vrijeme Avarsko-Slavenske provale nestaje rimski grad Salona koji je u svome ageru uključivao zapadni dio Poljica; njihovi novi stanovnici su bili organizirani u plemensko-rodovske zajednice iz kojih će kasnije niknuti tzv. pučki kotari. Za vrijeme rane Hrvatske države, ti kotari su činili dio teritorija unutar Kliške župe. Sklapanjem personalne unije između Ugarskog i Hrvatskog Kraljevstva, teritoriji južno od Gvozda se postepeno partikuliraju i političko-upravne zajednice se osamostavljuju, te dolazi do ujedinjenja i formiranja Poljica kao autonomne Poljičke župe i seoske republike. Poljička župa je zadržala glagoljašku pismenost, i tradicionalno slavensko pravo i demokratsko uređenje, koje se u 13. st. kodificira u Poljički statut.
Stanovništvo iz razrušene Salone osniva novi grad unutar zidova Dioklecijanove palače, grad Split, koji s tokom svog razvoja neizbježno, zbog pitanja prava nasljedstva Salonitanskog agera i gospodarskih potreba razvoja granica, ulazi u sukob sa susjednom Poljičkom župom. Splitsko-Poljički odnosi su ovisili o političkim okolnostima istočnojadranske regije, kao i o zajedničkim vladarima. Poljica su podržavala lokalne hrvatske dinastije i u sukobima sa ugarskim kraljem ulaze i u sukob s njemu lojalnim dalmatinskim gradovima, što uključuje i grad Split. Splitsko-Poljički sukobi su ipak bili pretežito gospodarski temeljeni, s korijenom problema u potrebi za pašnjacima i ispašom stoke.



Poljica (tal. Poglizza) and the Poljica zhupa, also namedPoljica duchy or republic, refers to an autonomous peasant republic, originally of thirteen rural communities within the area around the mountain of Mosor in Middle Dalmatia, bounded by the river Žrnovnica in the west, the river Cetina in the northeast and the Adriatic Sea in the south.
Illyrian and pre-Illyrian cattle herders, who lived on large karst fields in Dalmatia and today's Herzegovina, migrated over the winter to the surrounding mountain areas due to the need for winter grazing, and with that comes to the first settlement of Poljica. The Geomorphological features of the territory of Poljica, ie. its internal division into three micro-regions; Upper, Lower and Middle Poljica enabled these transhumant cattle herders to stay all year round, without the need to migrate into another area, which also influenced livestock farming and animal husbandry to remain the main economic activity in the area in later periods.
During the Avar-Slavic invasion, the Roman city of Salona, which included the western part of Poljica in its ager, was destroyed; the new inhabitants of Poljica were organized into tribal, clan-like communities from which the so-called pučki kotari, or popular districts arrise. During the early Croatian state, these districts were part of the the Klis zhupa. With the Kingdom of Croatia entering a personal union with the Kingdom of Hungary, the territories south of the mountain Gvozd gradually became partitioned, and political-administrative communities became independent. Poljica was united and formed as an autonomous zhupa and peasant republic. Poljica retained the Glagolitic church literacy, and the traditional Slavic law and democratic order, which in the 13th century was codified in the Poljica Statute.
The population of the ruined Salona founded a new city within the walls of Diocletian's Palace, the city of Split, which inevitably came into conflict with the neighboring parish of Poljica due to the issue of the Salonitan ager's inheritance rights and the economic needs of border development. Split-Poljica relations were largely dependent on the political circumstances of the Eastern Adriatic region, as well as on them sharing the same rulers. Poljica supported the local Croatian dynasties in their conflict with the Hungarian kings, and with that Poljica also entered into a conflict with the Dalmatian cities loyal to him, includes the city of Split. The Split-Poljica conflicts, however, were predominantly economically based, with the root of the problem being the evergrowing need for pastures and cattle.

the integration of the town of Sinj into the Venetian heritage across the Adriatic Sea. As the State Archives of Venice (Archivio di Stato di Venezia) contains valuable archival fonds dealing with the history of the Eastern Adriatic from the 15th to the 18thcentury the research of its authentic materials is required for the study of developmental stages of Sinj and the Cetinska krajina after the Ottoman’s rule. The researches of the past several years have resulted in finding several complete series or individual documents referring to the history of the region of Sinj at the end of 18th century. The fond Inquisitori sopra l’amministrazione dei pubblici ruoli contains documents of the State Court which regulated military service and recruitment of people primarily on the Eastern Adriatic Sea coast among whom people from Sinj and the Cetinska krajina had a significant role. Furtherly, for the study of the military operations in that region during the Second Morean War (1714-18) the important fonds are Senato Mar and Senato Rettori and valuable complete collections Capi del Consiglio dei Dieci relating to the aftermath of the war. The contents of the fonds Lettere Rettoriai Capi i Camerlengo del Consiglio dei Dieci reveal particularities of social, administrative and economic life of the region of Sinj at the end of 18th century. A brief overview of the aforementioned archival fonds with the special focus on the fond Senato, Dispacci: Provveditori da Terra e da Mar e alter cariche is presented in this article. The fond contains letters and reports of the Venetian officials in overseas dominions which were being sent to the central state administration. The most important reports for the history of Sinj are those being sent during war time 1714-18. The most of the archival material dated August, 1715 refers to time before, during and after the siege of Sinj. The letters that were sent by Angelo Emo, a general Providur for Dalmatia, from the battlefield of Sinj (Campo di Sign) present a significant documentation about the battle of Sinj and related circumstances and events throughout the last Ottoman-Venetian War. The aforementioned archival materials clarify and document key events in the defense of strategically important Dalmatian towns at the beginning of the 18th century.

This is the first part of the article that covers the history of Dalmatian island of Hvar during the World War II, in the period between the proclamation of Independent State of Croatia in April 1941 and capitulation of Kingdom of Italy in September 1943. The article presents the situation at the island during that period and activities of all political-military subjects that were present at the island – the authorities of the Independent State of Croatia, as well as the Communist led People's Liberation Movement and the Italian army.

This is the second part of the article that covers the history of Dalmatian island of Hvar during the World War II, in the period between the proclamation of Independent State of Croatia in April 1941 and capitulation of Kingdom of Italy in September 1943. The article presents the situation at the island during that period and activities of all political-military subjects that were present at the island – the authorities of the Independent State of Croatia, as well as the Communist led People's Liberation Movement and the Italian army.

Rodoslovlje je trag jednog roda u povijesti jednog naroda i kraja. Ovdje je izneseno
rodoslovlje roda Katavić s kratkim pregledom povijesti kako samog roda, tako i navedenog
njihovog zavičaja. Došavši iz Bosne i Hercegovine u novi kraj početkom XVIII stoljeća
Katavići su pustili svoje korjenje u kamenito tlo novog zavičaja. Od tada, prkoseći svim
teškoćama, očuvali su se do naših dana. Danas ih gotovo nema u Prološcu, premda se sinovi i
kćeri ovog roda rado vraćaju u prigodama kao što su svetkovine ili obiteljska druženja.
Proložac je kroz čitavo razdoblje prisutnosti Osmanlija u ovim krajevima bio vrlo
nemirno područje pogođeno mnogim ratovima, migracijama, prirodnim nepogodama i sličnim
nemirima. Velik broj rodova zbog tih je razloga u više navrata selilo i zauvijek napustilo rodni
kraj. Na njihovo mjesto dolazili su novi rodovi. Neki su s novim promjenama ponovno
odlazili dalje, a neki su ostajali na novom ognjištu. Takav primjer daje nam rod Katavić.
Ključne riječi: rodoslovlje, rod Katavić, Proložac, migracije u vrijeme mletačko-turskih ratova