Field Research

Lee Ann Fujii and I became fast friends, colleagues, and disciplinary comrades soon after we met at the 2004 Institute for Qualitative and Multi-Method Research (IQMR). IQMR presentations and workshops sparked fourteen years of conversation about the discipline, our positionality with respect to the discipline and research participants, methodologies, the “field,” and much more. Lee Ann made me laugh and encouraged me to think harder as we talked over coffee and chocolate at home in Oakland, New York, Washington, DC, Indianapolis, and Toronto; met up at APSA annual meetings; and practiced yoga together...

De enero a diciembre del 2004, desde los proyectos del CEPROS se fomentó, proactivamente, a través de capacitación EN EL TRABAJO, el desarrollo de competencias para la recolección, procesamiento, análisis y exposición de información en ciencias sociales.  Al finalizar el año, se procedió a certificar estas competencias.  El documento muestra diferentes modelos de informar sobre ello, por escrito.

In general, papers reporting the results of research studies disclose little detail regarding attributes of study design, analytical processes and methods actually used by researchers. This paper describes in some depth the method choices and analytical protocol used in a field study project. The paper describes initially the link between research question, research design and analytical protocol. The major focus of the paper is the application of a systematic analytical protocol designed to encourage completeness and impartiality in the collection and analysis of qualitative data. These method issues are examined in the context of the author's experiences in the field and through the process of data analysis. The methods used are also examined critically in retrospect.

An upper-division methods course taught in Spring 2019 at the University of Toronto. In partnership with the Kensington Market Research Project at the U of T Ethnography Lab, teams of undergraduate students produced 6 ethnographic podcast episodes based on their own original research in a neighboring community of Toronto.

In this paper, we examine the relation between social media use and the absorptive capacity of organisations. Over the past ten years, many organisations have systematically adopted social media. Trade press and consulting companies often claim that the systematic use of social media increases the performance of organisations. However, such claims are typically neither empirically grounded nor theoretically examined. In this paper, based on key informant interviews at 20 organisations, we examine these claims empirically and theoretically. Firstly, we examine the ways in which social media are used by organisations. We identify five different social media use types that support different organisational purposes (broadcast, dialogue, collaboration, knowledge management and sociability). Secondly, we analyse how these five social media use types relate to organisations’ absorptive capacity. We find that particular social media use types (e.g., dialogue) support organisations’ absorptive capacity and, ultimately, their performance although others (e.g., sociability) do not.

This article is the first of a two-part series to analyze current research on harassment in archaeology. Harassment has shaped the discipline of archaeology since at least the late 1800s. Since the 1970s, harassment has been recognized as a significant factor impacting gender equity in archaeology. Recent qualitative and quantitative research has verified that harassment occurs at epidemic rates in archaeology. Archaeologists are primarily harassed by other archaeologists, and harassment occurs not only in field research settings but also in classrooms, laboratories, museums, office workplaces, and conferences. Although women in archaeology experience a higher frequency of harassment, both men and women report harassment at disturbingly high rates. Archaeologists of color, LGBTQIA+ archaeologists, nonbinary archaeologists, and archaeologists with disabilities are also disproportionately harassed. As reflected in the author's own career experiences, harassment creates a cognitive burden for survivors and reduces access to professional opportunities, directly impacting diversity within archaeology. Fortunately, there are evidence-based interventions and policies that can reduce harassment and support survivors. These are discussed in the second article, "Disrupting Cultures of Harassment in Archaeology." Keywords: harassment in archaeology, discrimination, equity, means of prevention Este artículo es el primero de una serie de dos partes que analiza las investigaciones actuales sobre el acoso en arqueología. El acoso ha dado forma a la disciplina arqueológica desde, al menos, finales del siglo XIX. Desde la década de 1970, el acoso ha sido reconocido como un factor significativo que afecta la equidad de género en arqueología. Investigaciones cualitativas y cuantitativas recientes han comprobado que el acoso ocurre en tasas epidémicas dentro de esta disciplina. Lxs arqueólogxs son acosadxs principalmente por otrxs arqueólogxs. El acoso ocurre no solo en entornos de investigación de campo, sino tam-bién en aulas, laboratorios, museos, oficinas y conferencias. Si bien una mayor frecuencia de mujeres son acosadas en arqueo-logía, tanto hombres como mujeres denuncian acoso a tasas inquietantemente altas. Lxs arqueólogxs de color, lxs arqueólogxs LGBTQIA +, lxs arqueólogxs no binarios y lxs arqueólogxs con discapacidades también son acosados de manera despropor-cionada. Como se refleja en las propias experiencias profesionales de la autora, el acoso crea una carga cognitiva para los sobrevivientes y reduce el acceso a oportunidades profesionales, lo que impacta directamente en la diversidad dentro de la arqueología. Afortunadamente, existen intervenciones y políticas basadas en evidencia que pueden reducir el acoso y apoyar a los sobrevivientes. Estos últimos serán analizados en el segundo artículo, "La disrupción de las culturas del acoso en la arqueología." Palabras clave: hostigamiento e acoso en arqueología, discriminación, equidad, medios de prevención [Content advisory: This article discusses harassment and discrimination in archaeology, including accounts of sexual assault.]

The objective of report was to understand the Tree Community Structure, biomass and growth
patterns of the plant species, geological structure of Koshi river area, water treatment and supply
of drinking water and Socio-economic status of indigenous people around the buffer zone area.
Northern plain sediments deposits were found to be composed of coarse sand in contrast to the
finer sand found in Southern plain. Koshi plays vital role for the economic upliftment of
Nepalese people residing in those areas. However, seasonal flooding problems consistently
threatens the people residing nearby areas which needed pattern of Tarahara Community Forest
located at Sunsari. In addition, this report also analyzes the effective mechanism employed to
control the flooding caused by Koshi River. Besides that, Socio-economic profile of people
residing nearby buffer zone area of KTWR was observed along with the evaluation of socio-
ecological environment in that area. Furthermore, report helps to estimate & evaluate the per
capita demand of water in Itahari sub-metropolitan along with the estimation of demand of water
in near future.
Tree total biomass in Tarahara community forest was estimated from the 5 plots. Neolamarckia
cadamba (Kadam) had the highest number biomass with an estimated value of 140.13968 ton/ha
followed by Sanj, Sakhua (Shorea robust), pithari (Trowia nodiflora) wild sakhuwa (Vartica
robusta) with the estimated value being 68.722ton/ha, 22.15ton/ha, 17.092ton/ha & 4.35 ton/ha
respectively. Calculated total biomass of the plot area was found to be 252.453 ton/ha/yr. TCF
was mainly dominated by S. robusta species while S. robusta and Kadam occurred frequently on
all the plots chosen for study. Minimum total biomass recorded on TCF was of Dhalne with the
value of 0.116ton/ha. Low values of biomass recorded might be due to the less stand age
structure. Our study suggested that the community forest had the greater extent of plant
community bio diversity dominated by S. robusta species.
Park-people interactions in KTWR was studied extensively in Paschim Kusaha V.D.C, a buffer
zone area of KTWR in Sunsari district. Reserve was established particulary for the conservation
of Arnaa (Bubalus bubalis arnee). Besides that, wide varieties of faunas and floras are also
conserved. In the study, we found out people residing nearby buffer zone area are directly
dependent upon the natural resources provided by the forests. Varieties of Herbs, Shrubs & Trees were being collected for wide specific purposes such as for fuel wood, forage & timber.
Medicinal plants, some edible seeds, & fuel woods were occasionally collected due to the limited
access granted from the park authority.
In spite of seasonal damage done by animals from KTWR people’s perception towards the
management & conservation of flora and fauna in KTWR were found to be positive. It was
found that GON and Park authority never approached to compensate damages done from the
wild animals. No any revenues generated from KTWR was shared around the people living in
buffer zone. Although, people had positive response towards the conservation of wildlife but the
seasonal attacked by Elephants & Wild Water Buffalo occasionally caused animal harassment
due to the damages done by them. It seemed that people had understand the importance of
wildlife & flora conservation which led to the better and effective management of buffer zone
area of KTWR. Illegal activities were found to be demoralized.
Forest resource consumption, socio-economic status of Indigenous People and traditional
practices for the biodiversity conservation was studied in Paschim Kusaha V.D.C. The theme of
the study was to analyze the importance of IK for the conservation and management of agro
biodiversity as well as wildlife. Analysis of respondents perceived revealed that traditional
practice of agricultural technique was declining. Also, people were directed towards the modern
pest control method rather than traditional approaches like spraying Cow dung & urine, green
manuring and use of Titepati as bio-fertilizer. Religious beliefs, restriction due to specific taboos
and the ancestral cycling of myths somehow helped for the conservation of threatened flora and
faunas. Sadly, no any special strategies were found to be employed to control invasive species.
The theme of the study in Koshi basin was to observe and to examine different geological and
hydrological parameters as well to understand the formation of Siwalik Mountain. It regularly
diverse it’s channeling path due to the loads of sediments deposited by it. Thickness of sediments
deposition was found to be 500m. As the Koshi discharged from the Chatara Gorge towards
Terai plain its width increases from 200 m to 20 km in southern plain. I to be mitigate from the
effective DRM programs and resilience flood risk strategies are need to be employed effectively.
Keywords: Biomass, DBH, Tarahara, community forest, Itahari, water treatment, Koshi,
KTWR, park people conflict, biodiversity, indigenous people, buffer zone.

Despite a rich musical history and reputation as the “Land of Song,” Wales, with its array of musical traditions, remains largely absent from scholarly musical study. Research regarding Welsh traditional music is relatively limited, particularly in comparison with research regarding traditional music of other areas of the British Isles, and outdated, as few studies have been conducted recently enough to comment on the contemporary revitalization of Welsh language and culture and its effect on Welsh music. Seeking to bridge this gap in Celtic music research, I have studied Welsh traditional instrumental performance repertoire and practice through the medium of Welsh traditional music sessions in and around Cardiff. My findings suggest that, though several elements distinguish the Welsh session from other types of Celtic sessions, the texture of the Welsh session, which incorporates a significant homophonic element, an aspect that is absent from the majority of group instrumental traditions in the British Isles, contributes the most significantly to imbuing Welsh musicians with a sense of continuity with the past. Using Hobsbawm’s concept of invented tradition, I explore a continuum of musical traditions from the medieval bardic order in Wales to the modern Welsh session, identifying trends in the texture of sacred and secular music throughout history, their connection to current trends in Welsh traditional music texture, and the significance of those trends to the musicians of modern Welsh traditional music.

(An Edition Open Access book. Here is the link to the official webpage:

http://www.edition-open-sources.org/sources/9/index.html)

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In the summer of 1704, Antonio Vallisneri (1661–1730), the preeminent Italian physician and natural philosopher of his time, traveled with a “daring soul” and “trembling feet” across the “silent horrors” of the northern Apennines: down the hills south of Reggio Emilia to northern Tuscany and the western edge of his native land, the Province of Garfagnana. He then wrote a report of this adventure, the Primi Itineris per Montes Specimen Physico-Medicum (“Physico-medical example of a first journey through the mountains), and sent it to the Royal Society of London, hoping for its publication in Philosophical Transactions. Unfortunately this did not happen and the manuscript disappeared from sight. The original draft, however, survived in the State Archive of the Italian city of Reggio Emilia where it was found in 2009.

With its exceptional array of geological, medical, geographical, technical, ethnographic, and historical data, the Primi Itineris Specimen is one of the earliest and most well-documented attempts to define a systematic approach to field research. Its frantically reworked pages and anxious marginal notes offer a new and precious opportunity to understand why and how experimental data and theories in the early modern period interacted and shaped the development of many crucial debates. These include the discovering of deep-time, the comprehension of geological phenomena (such as the hydrologic cycle and the origin of mountains and fossils), the perception of man’s place in nature, the constant search for new therapeutics, the tormented and charming relation between science and religion.

No systematic assessment exists that justifies the extension of ethics regulations to non-experimental social science research. Instead, three studies—by MILGRAM, HUMPHREYS, and ZIMBARDO—are repeatedly cited to support such regulation, based on their use of deception and/or covertness. Challenging such regulation requires these studies' detailed re-examination. In this article we offer a critique of deception and covert research as understood solely within the context of experimentation: that framing of those research activities has narrowed their consideration in ways that do a disservice to social science research (as comparison with studies by ROSENHAN and LEO further clarifies). We show that, controversial as they may have been, these projects met a key ethics principle: "beneficence," something ignored by most of the critics assessing their work. Theorizing deception and covertness, we establish distinctions between them and argue for the importance of their use in studies of powerful individuals and organizations, as current political climates make evident.

There is a widespread idea that in grounded theory (GT) research, the researcher has to delay the literature review until the end of the analysis to avoid contamination – a dictum that might turn educational researchers away from GT. Nevertheless, in this article the author (a) problematizes the dictum of delaying a literature review in classic grounded theory, (b) presents arguments for using extant literature in the substantive field within a constructivist grounded theory, and (c) suggests data sensitizing principles in using literature, which are: theoretical agnosticism, theoretical pluralism, theoretical sampling of literature, staying grounded, theoretical playfulness, memoing extant knowledge associations, and constant reflexivity.

Это эссе написано в духе постколониального подхода к изучению культур и народов. В нем рассматриваются исторически существовавшие практики внедрения в поле, пребывания в поле и последующего описания поля на Западе и в России до и после так называемых рефлексивного и постколониального поворотов. В итоге сделан вывод, что научное обоснование полевых исследований, их новизна и актуальность не имеют большого значения в долгосрочной перспективе. В истории может оказаться так, что хорошо написанный дневник или травелог будут иметь большее влияние на современников и потомков, чем фундаментальное научное исследование. Как показывают примеры из истории российской этнографии (тексты А. Левшина, Ч. Валиханова, А. Чехова), а также примеры классиков антропологии Э. Эванса-Причарда, Б. Малиновского и других, этнографичность, документальность и жизненность работ не всегда связаны с их научностью, новизной или теоретическим обоснованием. В эссе также анализируются современные практики сближения между академической жизнью и полем или тем, что К. Гирц называл «присутствием здесь» и «присутствием там». В результате такого сближения этнография и полевые исследования становятся все ближе к нон-фикшн, (расследовательской) журналистике и даже художественной литературе и все дальше отходят от позитивистских начал антропологии и этнографии. Ключевые слова: антропология, этнография, позитивизм, рефлексивный поворот, интерпретативный поворот, постколониальный поворот, полевые исследования, субъектность Бисенова Алима Жумабаевна-ассоциированный профессор антропологии кафедры социологии и антропологии Назарбаев Университета, г. Нур-Султан, Казахстан. Научные интересы: городская антропология, антропология ислама, интеллектуальная история, постколониальные исследования.

A modernist utopia near Jericho in 1949 where agro-agri practices have created an alternative pedagogy for orphan refugees of Palestine.
A field and archival research article/chapter (2018 - 2020).

Experiments in architectural education in the post–World War II era that challenged and transformed architectural discourse and practice.

https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/radical-pedagogies

ISBN: 9780262543385
416 pp. | 6.8125 in x 9.625 in
474 figures
May 2022

У раду су представљени делови разговора са саговорницом рођеном у селу Ошљане, удатом у Вратарници. Издвојени сегменти обухватају предања и народну молитву, али и низ веровања и описа обичаја. Испитују се особине добијених наратива у контексту постојећих теорија поетике усмених жанрова, варијантност и формулативност, те стилске особености неких од текстова. Анализаран је наратив са мотивом заштите од змајева који сведочи о још живим елементима традицијске културе у области Тимока. Поделивши их са истраживачима, саговорница је, у складу са праксом усменог преношења знања, показала жељу да и њих укључи у ланац усмене предаје.
Кључне речи: предање, змај, народна молитва

I’m telling you this so you know and tell your children one day
Field research of the village of Vratarnica
This paper gives parts of an interview conducted with the informant, who was born in the village of Ošljane and
married in the village of Vratarnica. The selected segments include folk tales and a folk prayer, as well as a number
of beliefs and customs. Our intention is to show how this storytelling corresponds to existing knowledge on the
poetics of oral genres, variance, typical forms and the stylistic elements of texts. The narrative with a dragon
protection motif was analysed, proving that a traditional way of life is still alive in the Timok area. In sharing her
knowledge, the informant was eager to include the researcher in the chain of oral tradition.
Key words: tradition, dragon, folk prayer

Field Research in a Greek-speaking Village
in Calabria (Gallicianò)

The presentation and analysis of the subjective aspects of fieldwork prompts thoughts and speculation which promote both anthropological research and the science of anthro¬pology in general.
It is these aspects of anthropological work —the relationship between the researcher and the community being studied as experienced during a lengthy period of fieldwork in the Greek-speaking village of Galliciano in Calabria— that are discussed in this paper.
The researcher's social and cultural origins, her day-to-day relations with the local com¬munity, the reactions and insecurities on both sides, the value judgements made on both sides, the slow, difficult process of adapting to unfamilar local circumstances, the relationship between «self» and «others» —all this is the pivot around which revolves an analysis of the dynamics of the relationships that develop in the course of research in the field.
Dedicating enough time, returning frequently to the field, mastering the local language as well as possible, systematically keeping a log book, forging relationships of mutual esteem, respect, and trust between the researcher and the community being studied are prerequisites for successful anthropological research.

‘Gambling culture’ mostly takes place through the activity where some members of the society play games with their money to win more win. Betting behaviors reflects and affects cultural and sociological discourse. People gambling has become important in our society and we can’t underestimate the power of its mechanics. We shall study its implications with the everyday lives of people’s routines. This culture often takes place in environments where many different individuals interact. Our study decided to pick the casino of Montreal as a case study. Our paper examines the symbolism of this casino by establishing a research method to observe gambling behaviors and people’s devotion at the Casino of Montréal. The reasons of people’s preference and attractiveness for the casino as a gambling site are multiple and we will try to analyze them. Casinos have caused numerous changes in gamblers’ gaming and social behaviors as well as dedicated a culture space for ‘playing with your money’. We manage to adopt a reflexive anthropological methodological package, including participant observation, surveys and both formal as well as informal interviews. The study argues that because the casino of Montréal mixes together different individuals with various cultural backgrounds, it is the perfect place to analyze and observe how gambling behaviors can affect diverse individuals in distinct ways. Indeed, the casino affects gamblers by creating a compelling atmosphere which attracts not only gamblers but also any adrenaline fan usually looking to make more money.

This article concerns the extent to which corrupt behavior is dependent on the organizational power structure and the resources available for illegal exchange. This qualitative study is based on 42 in-depth interviews with organizational actors in different organizations in Hungary. Four core themes emerged from the analysis of the interviews: (a) isolated corruption at the bottom, (b) the middle level’s own corruption, (c) “technicization” when middle-level professionals and expert groups are used to legalize the corruption of the dominant coalition, and (d) “turning-off controls” when organizational elites intentionally deactivate internal and external controls to avoid detection.

Travailler sur la relation d’assistance consiste à en caractériser la forme, en expliquer l’émergence et le maintien, et en expliciter les conséquences. La relation d’assistance se caractérise, depuis les années 1990, par le thème de l’« accompagnement ». Dans une perspective pragmatique, comprendre cette forme relationnelle passe par prendre au sérieux la façon dont les travailleurs sociaux l’expérimentent et l’évaluent ; ce qui revient à enquêter sur l’éthique de l’accompagnement. A partir du terrain de l’urgence sociale, et en développant le cas d’une situation catégorisée par les travailleurs sociaux comme de la « voierie sociale », il est possible de mettre au centre de l’accompagnement la notion temporelle de rythme comme garantie de sa dimension éthique. Le travail sur l’accompagnement permet ainsi d’esquisser quelques pistes pour une plus grande prise en compte du rapport au temps dans la relation d’assistance.

In October 2013 the researchers from Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (Institute of Balkan Studies) and Russian Academy of Sciences (Institute of Slavic Studies) carried out a field work in the municipality of Tutin in Serbia (Tutin, Draga, Delimeđe). The aim of the field work was to register the celebration of Eid al-Adha (sacrificing, festive food, visiting relatives etc.) and to collect data about sociolinguistic and ethnolinguistic situation in this region. The celebration of Eid al-Adha
is a part of identity of Slavic Muslims. I analyse the sacrifice for Eid al-Adha and in other cases. The transformation of tradition was also registered.

As researchers, when do our ethical obligations end? How should our ethical obligations respond to dynamic and unstable political contexts? Political scientists frequently work in dynamic political situations which can pose new ethical questions beyond those existing at the point of fieldwork. Yet, research ethics are often conceived in terms of a static, if not hermetically sealed, field that remains frozen in time at the point we conduct fieldwork and collect data. This article argues, first, that we need to consider more systematically how a dynamic field intersects with ethical obligations. Second, the article argues that new, and unexpected, ethical questions can emerge after exiting the field, including responsibilities to research participants, dissemination, and publication, and returning to the field, which should be a part of how we conceive of ethical obligations.

This work analyses the world wide growing phenomenon of pentecostal and charismatic religious movement from an anthropological perspective. The contemporary, scientific state-of-the-art related to pentecostalism is initially stated and then put in contrast with a local specific case, which was examined through ethnographic research on the field (the metropolitan area of Genoa 2015/16). Then, a set of theories and considerations are displayed, borrowing materials from the disciplinary traditions of Cultural, Biological, Medical Anthropology and Ethnopsychiatry, in order to constitute a sound anthropological gaze upon the entire matter of charismatic modern cults and their socio-political impact on the contemporary world.

In this article, I discuss the fact that doing “anthropology at home” involves the same core anthropological methodology as undertaking research abroad. This implies that while doing anthropology at home may have some advantages concerning field practicalities but is equally challenging. There are certain ethical and methodological essentials involved in every anthropological research undertaking. Through my personal experiences of conducting ethnography in Pakistan, I explain that doing anthropology at home does not make exceptions for the researcher in terms of these ethical and methodological aspects.

The most prominent spatial organization of today’s consumer societies is shopping centers. In addition to being a shopping space, shopping centers are loaded with many social and cultural functions. Because of this they are now described as living centers. On the other hand, with the emergence and spread of the internet, consumption behaviors have started to change. In this sense, consumption is now considered as a digitalized phenomenon. In this study, the consumption behaviors of individuals in shopping centers and on the internet are examined in the case of Eskişehir. In the field study, a questionnaire technique was used and a sample group of 1152 people was reached. The findings were analyzed with tables showing frequency and percentage distributions. In addition, Chi-square test was used to determine the significance of the relationship between the variables and the data were presented in cross tables.

Keywords: Japan Studies Methodologies, Interview Methodologies in East Asia, Japanese Political Interviews, Japan and Southeast Asia, Japanese Business Interviews Note: At various points the experiences conveyed in this piece have benefitted from support by the Japan Foundation Endowment Committee (United Kingdom) and the Leverhulme Foundation (United Kingdom). 115 This research note summarises years of planning and conducting field research on Japan's political and business relations in Southeast Asia. Japan Studies usually, and obviously, means conducting research either in Japan or in the researcher's home country. However given Japan's wide-ranging involvement in many other countries, this is unnecessarily limiting, and so my research in Japan Studies has focused on examining 'Japan outside of Japan'. This research note is a detailed and practical step-by-step guide to planning primary-level research methods, focusing on interviews with elite (political and business) Japanese actors operating in countries other than Japan or the researcher's own country. It will highlight planning and conducting each stage of the field research, in addition to the many small and easy-to-overlook points for researchers who are engaged in Japan Studies. Not limited to field research outside of Japan and equally applicable to research being conducted within Japan itself, this research note nonetheless will present some of the challenges and solutions for future students to predict and plan for when necessarily engaging with Japan Studies in third-party locales.

The Federated Archaeological Information Management Systems (FAIMS) Project is an Australian, university-based initiative developing a generalized, open-source mobile data collection platform that can be customized for diverse archaeological activities. Three field directors report their experiences adapting FAIMS software to projects in Turkey, Malawi, and Peru, highlighting three themes: (1) the transition from paper to digital recording has upfront costs with backend pay-off, (2) the transition involves decisions and tradeoffs that archaeologists and technologists need to make together, and (3) digital recording has both short- and long-term benefits. In the short-term, project directors reported efficient acquisition of richer, more accurate, data. Longer-term, they anticipated that the availability of comprehensive, born-digital datasets would support rigorous demonstration of field intuitions and faster publication of more complete datasets. We argue that cooperative developme...

V članku bom predstavil jezikovno situacijo v Prekmurju, ki jo dojemam kot zunaj in znotrajjezikovno situacijo, in tudi vrste dvojezičnosti, ki obstajajo in so obstajale v Prekmurju v XX. stoletju. Na podlagi analize intervjujev s Prekmurcev in njihovih stališč (med drugim o jezikih in jezikovni situaciji) sem ugotovil, da prekmurščina (kot skupnost podnarečij: dolinskega, goričkega in ravenskega) ima poseben status močnega integracijskega dejavnika v družbi, prekmurščina se uporablja praktično v vseh govornih položajih, tudi v tistih, ki so, kakor se je zdelo prej, rezervirana za slovenski knjižni jezik (npr. šola, pouk, intevjuji, pisne
naloge učencev).

Field Research on Pearl River Delta/China and Discourse of Infrastructure and Labor.
Infraestructura/Infrastructure, No.99
Ediciones ARQ, Escuela de Arquitectura Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
www.edicionesarq.cl
http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-69962018000200050
https://scielo.conicyt.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-69962018000200050&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=en