DSM-V

Parafilie wiążą się z podnieceniem seksualnym wywołanym u jednostki w przypadku wystąpienia określonych obiektów lub sytuacji, które nie są przedmiotem normatywnej stymulacji seksualnej.
Ostatnie wydanie klasyfikacji zaburzeń psychicznych (DSM-V) Amerykańskiego Towarzystwa Psychiatrycznego wprowadziło rozróżnienie na parafilie i zaburzenia parafiliczne. Zaburzenie parafiliczne dotyczy parafilii, która powoduje szkody lub ograniczenia dla danej jednostki, lub takiej parafilii, której zaspokojenie naraża na cierpienie pacjenta lub innych osób.
Przedmiotem referatu jest przedstawienie konsekwencji diagnostycznych ostatnich rozwiązań wprowadzonych przez DSM-V, przedstawienie wybranych przypadków diagnostycznych oraz streszczenie dyskusji na temat traktowania parafilii jako zaburzeń psychicznych.

Encouraging further research on the dimensional assessment of personality disorders (PDs), Section III of the DSM-5 introduced a hybrid model for the assessment of six PDs employing self-reports on 25 maladaptive personality traits (“DSM-5 personality traits”). Following suggestions that multidimensional perfectionism is an important characteristic across various personality disorders (Ayearst, Flett, & Hewitt, 2012), the present study investigated how personal (self-oriented) and interpersonal (other-oriented and socially prescribed) aspects of perfectionism predicted the DSM-5 personality traits in a sample of 311 university students. Multiple regressions (controlling for the overlap between the different forms of perfectionism) showed that socially prescribed perfectionism positively predicted the traits defining schizotypal, borderline, avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive PD; other-oriented perfectionism positively predicted the traits defining narcissistic PD; and both socially prescribed and other-oriented perfectionism positively predicted the traits defining antisocial PD. In contrast, self-oriented perfectionism positively predicted only one of the four traits defining obsessive-compulsive PD (rigid perfectionism). Showing that multidimensional perfectionism predicted all DSM-5 traits defining the personality disorders of Section III, the findings suggest that future DSM-5 updates may profit from including interpersonal aspects of perfectionism as a diagnostic criterion.

""Traditional approaches study ’communicational problems’ often in a discourse of disabledness or deficitness. With an ontology of communcation as something unique and a presupposed uniqueness of each one of us, this article suggests how an integrationist could approach and help facilitate a new methodological perspective on the study of problems in communication and strive towards a more humanized methodology. The claim is that the standard clinical discourse in relation to e.g. autism covers only an isolated concept of mind and thus of autism. As it is discussed in this article, studies in autism rely on metaphorical terminology, which presupposes that the mind is an impersonal decoding machine.

Keywords
Autism research, integrational criticism, integrationism, conditions for description, clinical and everyday communication.

High lights

It is suggested that comparative studies in autism research incorporate an integrational linguistics’ perspective. In the case of autism there has been no previous attempt at comparative description on the grounds of Roy Harris’ integrational linguistics or simply ‘integrationism’. The standard concept of mindblindness is applied in traditional descriptions of autism. Mindblindness is applied in the understanding of how autistic individuals communicate and demonstrate understanding. This concept presupposes that the autistic individual lacks decoding information. Integrationists do not presuppose a decoder existing in the brain. Communication for the integrationist always “goes on” in someone’s understanding and self-experience as a person. An integrational linguistics’ perspective is hereby claimed to be a more humanized perspective on communication problems.""

The proposal of the research is that Internet gaming disorder should be included as a Substance-related and Addictive Disorders in the DSM-5 as a Non-substance related and Addictive Disorder. There has been issues of conceptualisation and specific criteria for the disorder which warrants it a as ‘a condition for further study’. Past research has identified gaps in conceptualization as well as insufficient evidence for beneficial treatment. The current design will research an agreed upon conceptualisation of the disorder, including CBT as a treatment strategy, in order to solidify it as a Substance-related and Addictive Disorder in the DSM-5. Participants who experience gaming addiction will be examined based on previous research findings of common cognitive and behavioural deficiencies. The aim is to certify a specific set of criteria for the disorder based on previous research and the current research design.

Primeramente, se debe entender que las bases del suicidio son multifactoriales y complejas (Gutiérrez–García, Contreras & Orozco-Rodríguez, 2006).
A día de hoy, es una de las principales causas de muerte a nivel mundial (Ahrens, Linden, Zäske & Berzewski, 2000).

Es interesante saber que en el DSM-V se incluye, por primera vez el suicidio bajo el concepto de ‘trastorno de comportamiento suicida’. Pero, antes de ello simplemente era una interfaz de varios factores entre los que se incluye la depresión.

Actualmente, pueden vislumbrarse, a nivel noticiario, varios supuestos que hacen referencia al suicidio. Ejemplo de ello, puede observarse en el documental del momento en el mundo del corazón sobre ROCÍO CARRASCO FLORES e incluso a nivel estadístico durante la pandemia sufrida el pasado año 2020 y que aun hace mella en el presente.

This study examines the rhetorical features of psychiatric nosological controversy.  The locus of inquiry is the recent controversial revision of the American Psychiatric Association's (APA) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, now in its fifth edition (DSM-5).  The dissertation seeks to answer the following research question: When the field of psychiatry assembles to revise itself, how do previous rhetorical arrangements organize into new vectors, evolve, and cluster together into what becomes a new network consensus (or quasi-consensus)? 
This dissertation contributes to debates in the social study of science and the rhetoric of inquiry about the development and evolution of scientific fields.  It contends that as psychiatric knowledge advances, discursive forms embodying old institutional logics and theoretical paradigms leave residues that retain their suasive character.  These sedimented rhetorical residues play a significant role in many of the developments and impasses in the controversies surrounding DSM-5.  Our contemporary concepts of psychosis are the result of the projection of tensions between discrete and continuous terminologies, ontological and functional interpretations of health and sickness, and psychodynamic and neurobiological descriptions of the mind into the temporal dimension.  This study argues that the inability of psychiatry to resolve a set of internal dilemmas combined with its temporizing can be understood in contemporary terms as a politics of the supplement.
Several major DSM-5 debates are analyzed, with special focus on the controversy over psychosis risk.  Chapter 1 introduces the direct and indirect contexts of DSM-5.  Chapter 2 works out a theoretical toolkit and a model of polytechtonic rhetoric capable of appreciating the historical dynamics of interfield and public controversy.  Chapter 3 examines the rhetorical history of 'psychosis,' which requires a larger rhetorical history of psychiatric nosology.  This includes an account of the humoral model of pathology, which remains present in contemporary medical rhetoric.  Chapter 4 examines the rhetorical history of risk and the evolution of research on early interventions for psychosis to contextualize the contemporary controversy over psychosis risk syndrome.  Chapter 5 concludes the study by discussing the implications of these different lines of inquiry for an understanding of the rhetoric of psychiatry in our contemporary late modern epoch.  It argues for a reading of DSM-5 in terms of the 'politics of the supplement,' a field of contestation concerning the risks and benefits of the new technologies of the self with which we (re-)define our human nature.

Word count (excluding front matter, footnotes, and references): 109,251.

Trauma survivors are a unique population of clients that represent nearly 80% of clients at mental health clinics and require specialized knowledge on behalf of counselors. Researchers and trauma theorists agree that, with the exception of dissociative identity disorder, no other diagnostic condition in the history of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) has created more controversy with respect to the boundaries of the condition, diagnostic criteria, central assumptions and clinical utility than post-traumatic stress disorder. However, this mutable conceptualization of trauma and its aftermath have considerable implications for counseling practice. With the recently released fifth edition of the DSM (DSM-5), the definition of trauma and the diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder have changed considerably. This article highlights the changing conceptualization of trauma and how the DSM-5 definition impacts effective practices for assessing, conceptualizing and treating traumatized clients.

This article follows the theoretical analysis and the ethnographic work carried out in 2017 and 2018, condensed in the master's thesis in anthropology on mental health, transcultural psychiatry and asylum seekers/refugees. The analysis of the models of modern psychiatry and the importance of the role of anthropology (health) in the production of new theoretical formulations concerning "transculturality" in the clinic were sought here. It is important to emphasize that the interdisciplinarity of both areas is increasingly necessary, since the opposite has been revealed as leading to sterile transcultural practices that fragment the reality brought by immigrants, refugees and asylum seekers. It serves the present to emphasize the importance of this polymorphous discourse.

(TR) Bu çalışmanın amacı ruh sağlığı alanında kullanılan en temel kitaplardan biri olan Ruhsal Bozuklukların Tanısal ve Sayımsal El Kitabı (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [DSM]) hakkında psikoloji alanından güncel bir inceleme yapmaktır. Psikolojik (ruhsal) bozuklukların tanımını yapan ve ölçütlerini sıralayan DSM el kitabı tanıları içeren ünitelerden oluşmaktadır. DSM, Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği tarafından hazırlanmakta ve zaman içerisinde yapı ve içerik açısından güncellenmektedir. Bu güncellemeler sonucunda bazı yeni tanıların eklendiği, bazı psikolojik bozuklukların yeni isimler aldığı, bazı psikolojik bozuklukların kaldırıldığı ya da ayrı bir tanı olmaktan çıktığı ya da tanı grubunun değiştirildiği gözlenmiştir. Bu gözlemler bebeklik, çocukluk ya da ergenlikte tanısı konan bozukluklar, şizofreni, depresyon, kaygı, dissosiyasyon, somatoform bozukluklar, yeme bozuklukları, uyku
bozuklukları ve bağımlılıklar çerçevesinde güncel alanyazın ışığında paylaşılmıştır. Bu tanı gruplarındaki değişikliklerin Türkçe olarak derlenmesi yolu ile ruh sağlığı çalışanlarının güncel psikopatoloji konusunda bilgilendirilmeleri amaçlanmıştır. Ortak bir mesleki dilin konuşulmasının mesleki uygulama ve akademik çalışmalara katkısı olacağı düşünülmektedir.
(ENG) The aim of this study is to make an up-to-date review of psychology in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, one of the most basic books used in the field of mental health. The DSM manual, which identifies and lists the criteria for psychological disorders, consists of units with diagnoses. DSM is being prepared by the American Psychiatric Association and is updated over time in terms of structure and content. As a result of these updates, it was observed that some new diagnoses were added, some psychological disorders were given new names, some psychological disorders were removed or ceased to be a separate diagnosis or the diagnosis group was changed. These observations were shared in the light of the current literature within the framework of disorders diagnosed in infancy, childhood
or adolescence, schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, dissociation, somatoform disorders, eating disorders, sleep disorders and addictions. It is aimed to inform mental health workers about current psychopathology by compiling the changes in these diagnostic groups in Turkish language. It is thought that speaking a common professional language will contribute to professional practice and academic studies.

Celem artykułu jest budowanie wiedzy i poszerzanie świadomości profesjonalnych coachów o wybrane aspekty psychologii klinicznej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem symptomów będących wczesnymi sygnałami ostrzegawczymi mogącymi świadczyć o tym, że klient potrzebuje pomocy psychologa lub psychiatry. Profesjonalny coach ponosi odpowiedzialność za klarowne odróżnienie swoich usług od psycho-terapii i nie posiada uprawień do prowadzenia procesów terapeu tycznych. Coaching nie jest skoncentrowany na dysfunkcjach, na diagnostyce zaburzeń, na poszuki-waniu symptomów ani na przeszłości klienta i z tego względu zwykle w programach szkoleniowych przygotowujących do wykonywania zawodu coacha nie uwzględ-nia się tej tematyki. Jednakże wymogi etyczne stawiane przed coachem sprawiają, że powinien oni obserwować klienta, aby świadomie podejmować decyzję, kiedy klient potrzebuje terapii zamiast procesu coachingu, a kiedy równolegle z nim. Także dobry terapeuta, widząc gotowość swoich pacjentów do podejmowania więk-szej odpowiedzialności za własne życie, mógłby rekomendować im udział w pro-cesie coachingowym. Niniejszy artykuł ukazuje wagę wiedzy z obszaru diagnozy psychologicznej u profesjonalnych coachów, która może okazać się kluczowa, by mogli oni trafnie podejmować decyzje o rozpoczęciu procesu coachingowego lub przekierowaniu klienta do innego specjalisty. Pomocna w tym zakresie może być zaprezentowana w tym artykule krótka charakterystyka pojęcia diagnozy psycho-logicznej oraz Skala Całościowej Oceny Funkcjonowania GAF.

In this essay, reliability of DSM’s classification and validity of psychiatric diagnosis will be evaluated. Moreover, there will be a comparison and an evaluation of DSM-II (1973) and DSM-V (2013) in terms of diagnosis. These major points will be analyzed in the light of the Rosenhan study entitled “On Being Sane In Insane Places” published in 1973.

This paper critically examines the role that Ray Blanchard played (as Chair of the DSM-5 Paraphilia subworkgroup) in redefining the concept of "paraphilia," and in greatly expanding the DSM-IV-TR diagnosis Transvestic Fetishism to the current Transvestic Disorder diagnosis (which includes the modifiers "autogynephilia").

Voice hearing (VH) is often regarded as pathognomic for schizophrenia. The purpose of this article is to review and integrate historical, clinical, epidemiological, and phenomenological evidence in order to suggest that VH may be more appropriately understood as a dissociative rather than a psychotic phenomenon. First, we discuss the lifetime prevalence of VH in the general population, which is estimated to range between 1% and 16% for adult nonclinical populations and 2% and 41% in healthy adolescent samples. Second, we demonstrate how the ubiquity of VH phenomenology, including variables like voice location, content, and frequency, limits its diagnostic and prognostic utility for differentiating psychotic from trauma-spectrum and nonclinical populations. Finally, we report on the empirical associations between VH, measures of dissociation, and trauma particularly (though not exclusively) childhood sexual abuse. There are 2 main conclusions from this review. First, we argue that available evidence suggests that VH experiences, including those in the context of psychotic disorders, can be most appropriately understood as dissociated or disowned components of the self (or self–other relationships) that result from trauma, loss, or other interpersonal stressors. Second, we provide a rationale for clinicians to use psychotherapeutic methods for integrating life events as precipitating and/or maintaining factors for distressing voices. Potential mechanisms for the relationship between trauma, dissociation, VH, and clinical diagnosis are described, including the relevance of literature from the field of attachment in providing a diathesis for dissociation. Suggestions for future research are also discussed.

This chapter was originally presented as a keynote talk for the Eighth Annual Philadelphia Trans-Health Conference in 2009. I was inspired to write it after, on multiple occasions, I had read or heard sexologists and mental health professionals play down or outright dismiss trans people’s concerns regarding psychological depictions, diagnoses, terminology, and theories about trans people. With this paper, I set out to explain, in very basic, easy to grasp language, precisely why trans people’s concerns regarding these matters are valid and should be taken seriously within the fields of psychology, psychiatry, and sexology. This paper directly addresses the DSM-5, Gender Identity Disorder, Autogynephilia, Transvestic Fetishism and Transvestic Disorder. I would later expand upon the concept of “invalidations” in my book Excluded (specifically, Chapter 20, “Recognizing Invalidations”).

Respond to each numbered item in the short list here as either True or False for you. A “True” response may identify a potential area for training. Reflect on whether an item identifies a problem or issue in the way you manage your anger. Anger requires boundaries, and a moral value (e.g. OK or not OK) can be assigned to ways of expressing anger.

With the recent proliferation of categories of mental illness and an increasing acceptance within western society of such categories as evidence of real disease, this chapter is a timely reminder of the social constructionist challenge to the existence of mental illness, and thus the validity of psychiatric practice as a whole. With reference to some of the key research on categories of mental illness, it is argued that while the social constructionist understanding of the discourse of mental illness as a myth and psychiatry as an institution of social control remains valid, the explanatory power of the approach is limited. Social constructionism can explain increasing professional power as part of state surveillance and control of populations, yet it cannot account for tensions and disagreements within psychiatry nor processes which appear counter-productive for psychiatry such as the occasional de-medicalisation of some mental illness categories over time. To understand fully Western psychiatry, the chapter argues that we need to conceptualise the profession as an ideological state apparatus which conforms and functions to the needs of capital and the ruling classes. This is illustrated through a survey of some of the Marxist writings on medicine and a demonstration of how this can work within the field of psychiatry; in doing so, time is given to exploring the discipline’s role in the reproduction of gender inequalities and the normalisation of patriarchal relations. It is concluded that further critical work around the idea of psychiatric hegemony could be most productive in light of the forthcoming publication of the DSM V.

Transgender people have long been associated with sexual perversion. For example, many early versions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) infamously categorized any gender variance as sexual deviance or paraphilia. This article therefore investigates the taxonomical movement away from the transgender subject as perverse toward the current diagnosis of gender dysphoria, which instead consolidates the transgender subject as distressed and suffering. Through an unconventional use of psychoanalytic theories of perversion, I argue that DSM-5's new diagnosis criteria work defensively, functioning as an antidote to the clinician's anxiety in the face of difference. When separated from stereotypical acts and identities, perversion proves to be quite valuable in understanding clinical transphobia. In particular, Freud's writings on fetishism and disavowal reveal some of the unconscious roles at play in the repeated medicalization of trans people and the restricting of transition-related resources. Through the donning of a fetish object, disavowal acts to ignore an upsetting reality while the traumatic truth remains intact. An analysis of Chase Joynt's video installation, Resisterectomy, provides grounded narratives of gendered surgery and illness that disrupt anticipated affects, temporalities, and curative measures.

In 2014, 1 in 68 children have autism spectrum disorders (ASD) according to US data from the Centres for Disease Control. Occurring in all groups (race, income, geographic), ASD is diagnosed 1 in 42 in boys, which is nearly 5 times higher than in girls (1 in 189). Almost half (46%) of children identified with ASD have average to above average intellectual ability. That’s a 78% increase compared to a decade ago. Based on an increase in diagnoses, we can assume that the numbers will continue to increase over time.
Researchers have found that child prodigies have greater number of autistic traits, particularly with attention to detail.  Half of the families of the child prodigies studied reported autism diagnoses in first or second degree relatives, indicating strong links to genetics.
I was aware of savant syndrome and its potential in higher education due to my experiences as an educator, in addition to my role as the South Asian self-advocate for ASD. I knew about magazine and website articles from the US, describing extraordinary abilities and splinter skills such as hyperlexia, perfect pitch, pattern recognition and photographic memory. I wanted to create tools and experiences for neurotypical students, adapted from diverse learning strengths of autistic children with extraordinary abilities. Would these blended, individualized interfaces stimulate neurotypical students to learn effectively and efficiently, in the same way that they help gifted people on the autism spectrum?
In order to answer my researchable question, I created sensory-neutral interface design case studies for learners with ASD, which helped them access digital educational content (online or offline). These interfaces can also be used by neurotypical
learners, providing more tools to access digital resources. Additionally, I created an adaptive experience for both neurotypical as well as autistic learners, inspired by self-directed interest-based learning, a common trait of learners on the autism spectrum. My case studies and interaction design projects allow greater choices for both educators and students,
where few existed before. My goal is to facilitate inclusion by using dynamic media technologies that help optimize learning for a greater number of people.

This article reviews and compares competing depictions of sadomasochism (SM) sexuality, examining portrayals that range from sick to healthy, from normal to abnormal, and from dangerous to healing. The body of this article proceeds in four parts. The first section considers the treatment of SM in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). The second section addresses debates about the costs, benefits, and scientific validity of the inclusion and definition of SM in the DSM-5. It further highlights how quantitative and qualitative empirical studies of SM practitioners indicate that they fall within normal ranges in psychological and social functioning. The third section examines research on one negative consequence of the inclusion of SM in the DSM: It may interfere with the therapeutic relationship with clients who practice SM or have SM desires by reinforcing broader societal stigma and encouraging diagnostic misuse. The fourth section reviews an emerging body of research that reverses the “SM as pathology” discourse by showing the therapeutic and healing potential of bondage-discipline-dominance-submission-sadism-masochism (BDSM) practice and ethos. Based on this review, the conclusion argues that there is no valid reason to continue identifying SM as a potential mental disorder, and furthermore, there are detrimental effects of its association with pathology in the DSM-5.

Warsztat: „Zaburzenia parafiliczne a parafilie – różnicowanie”
Prowadzący: Wojciech Oronowicz.
Uczestnicy warsztatów: Studenci medycyny lub psychologii od trzeciego roku włącznie.
Założenia: Zakłada się, że uczestnik warsztatów uzyska wiedzę oraz umiejętności praktyczne w zakresie rozróżniania pomiędzy parafilią a zaburzeniem parafilicznym (zgodnie z klasyfikacją DSM-V).
Cele warsztatu:
przedstawienie wiedzy dotyczącej parafilii oraz zaburzeń parafilicznych,
przedstawienie kryteriów diagnostycznych zaburzeń parafilicznych w DSM-V,
przedstawienie przykładów klinicznych spełniających kryteria zaburzeń parafilicznych.
Plan warsztatu:
Parafilie - od patologii do różnic indywidualnych w zakresie seksualności człowieka.
Parafilie parafilii patologiczne i niepatologicznych.
Prezentacja studiów przypadków (w postaci materiałów filmowych i doniesień naukowych).

En Argentina, profesionales de la salud y educación infantil con diferentes posturas
teóricas y terapéuticas, debaten con agudeza en torno al diagnóstico y tratamiento por TDAH en
niños y niñas. Como parte de la investigación de Doctorado en Ciencias Sociales (UBA), me enfoco
en la concepción y circulación del TDAH como trastorno de la conducta infantil, desde el DSM y
desde diferentes fuentes, deteniéndome en algunas características del diagnóstico y tratamiento. La
metodología es cualitativa, basada en el análisis de documentos escritos, que abarcan entrevistas a
profesionales de la salud y de la educación, revistas y libros especializados en la temática, páginas
de Internet y artículos periodísticos. Sigo una perspectiva foucaultiana, centrada en el concepto de
problematización.

Sexual addiction has risen to the forefront of many popular culture depictions of mental illness. A disorder unrecognized by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, sex addiction is portrayed in the 2011 film Shame with sensitivity and sophistication, following the downward spiral of protagonist Brandon, as his compulsive acquisition of sex is upset by the arrival of his sister. This film serves to complicate the relationship between sex, the traditional masculine film gaze, and neoliberal cultures of consumption. Using Mulvey’s classic reading of scopophilia, Zizek’s readings on desire in film, and Foucault’s work in Discipline and Punish and The History of Sexuality, Volumes 1 and 2, in addition to psychological studies of pleasure and deviance, I explore the conflation of the ‘eye/I’ of the audience, filmmaker, and the subject.

En el presente artículo se analiza el modo en que se ha conceptuado la transexualidad en el Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales (DSM). Veremos que los sucesivos cambios de denominación y de criterios diagnósticos obedecen a las presiones reci-bidas por los redactores del manual por parte de cientí-ficos, académicos, organismos políticos y asociaciones por los derechos “trans”. Fruto de estas tensiones se ha reconceptualizado la transexualidad en diversas ocasio-nes, pero se han mantenido las connotaciones mórbi-das de la categoría diagnóstica. Abordaremos asimismo el debate sobre la patologización de la transexualidad, que está dominado por dos discursos contrapuestos: el que justifica su inclusión en el DSM porque cree que de este modo se garantiza el acceso a la terapia hormonal y quirúrgica, y el que la critica porque considera que el diagnóstico contribuye a la estigmatización de las perso-nas “trans”. Concluiremos el artículo sosteniendo que el acceso a los recursos sanitarios para personas “trans” ha de entenderse como un derecho básico que no pue-de estar sujeto a requisitos clínicos.