Capital Stock

Remitansi menjadi fenomena keuangan baru di dunia dan konsisten menduduki peringkat kedua setelah Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) sebagai sumber dana asing di negara-negara berkembang. Sejauh ini, pengaruh remitansi terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi masih menjadi perdebatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh remitansi terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh variabel kontrol yang terdiri dari Physical capital, human capital, pengeluaran pemerintah, financial development, FDI, ekspor. Dalam penelitian ini pertumbuhan ekonomi diukur menggunakan Produk Domestik bruto (PDB) per tenaga kerja. Hal ini bertujuan untuk mengkoreksi perubahan jumlah tenaga kerja.
Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode ekonometrika. Penelitian ini menggunakan data tahunan 1983-2016 yang diperoleh dari World Bank, Unesco, Bank Indonesia dan Badan Pusat Statistik. Estimasi menggunakan analisis data time series dengan Error Correction Model (ECM) Domowitz-Elbadawi.
Hasil studi empiris menunjukkan bahwa remitansi berpengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi hanya dalam jangka panjang. Physical capital, pengeluaran pemerintah dan FDI berpengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi dalam jangka panjang maupun jangka pendek. Human capital berpengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi hanya dalam jangka pendek. Financial development berpengaruh negatif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi dalam jangka panjang dan jangka pendek. Ekspor tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Pemerintah diharapkan meningkatkan kualitas Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (TKI) dan memberikan sosialisasi pemanfaatan remitansi kepada para TKI.

Employment creation is a key area where the private sector can contribute to poverty reduction. The objectives of this study are to gain some general insights into the channels where the private sector contributes to job creation, value-added, and poverty reduction, and more specifically to quantify the impacts that can be attributed to International Finance Corporation's (IFC's) activities in Ghana. Unlike many African economies that depend heavily upon a single commodity, Ghana remains relatively well diversified between agriculture, industry, commodities, and services. Ghana's economy continues to revolve around agriculture, which employs 85 percent of the workforce but only contributes about 30 percent of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The government and other stakeholders must continue to develop policies and programs that ensure productivity gains in the agricultural sector, but from a development point of view it is also crucial to create jobs in other sectors to e...

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The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The ...

Economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has averaged roughly 5 percent per year over the past decade, improving living standards and bolstering human development indicators across the continent. Stronger public institutions, a supportive, private sector–focused policy environment, responsible macroeconomic management, and a sustained commitment to structural reforms have greatly expanded opportunities for countries in SSA to participate in global markets. In recent years, many countries in the region have benefited from an increasingly favorable external environment, high commodity prices, and an especially strong demand for natural resources by emerging economies, particularly China. Over the longer term, leveraging Chinese investment to support broad-based growth will require policies designed to boost the competitiveness of sectors in which China’s economic rebalancing may create a comparative advantage for SSA. To date, few African countries have been able to benefit from la...

This article provides consistent estimates for capital stock and multifactor productivity (MFP) for Canada and the United States across major industries for the 1987-2007 period. For this purpose, capital stock estimates are developed for Canadian and U.S. industries using the same asset depreciation rates (either from the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis or from Statistics Canada) for the two countries. The results show that on an hours worked basis Canadian industries invest more in total capital than their U.S. counterparts. This situation reflects much greater investment in structures, with less in machinery and equipment (including information and communications technologies). The results imply that all of the Canada-U.S. labour productivity gap arises from the multifactor productivity gap.