Business Administration and E-Commerce

This case study examines Zara’s current retail strategy and digital transformation. It details Zara’s current in-store and eCommerce retail strategy, the impact of digital on the retail environment and customer experience, and the growth opportunity provided by eCommerce. By providing a competitive analysis of the current market, this paper presents key opportunities, strategic questions, and possible solutions for retail brands to improve their digital strategy.

This paper received First Class Honors in the Digital Marketing Strategy course at Trinity Business School.

Technological advancements have helped businesses and organizations save time and cost of production, which has been an advantage to all business, they manage these advancements to gain competitive advantage. This paper discusses the importance and need of technology and innovation strategy into business strategy to achieve overall competitive advantage for the company. The use of technology and innovation in value creation system is highlighted in a way that it plays a pivotal role in productivity, economic growth, increasing wealth in socioeconomic environment, and evolution of entire industries. In the gloabalized business, companies require strategic thinking and only by evolving good corporate strategies they can become strategically competitive. Strategy formation and execution in the context of technology is discussed that technology strategy should be aligned to corporate strategy competitiveness for the company. Moreover, what benefits companies can get from these are highl...

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to highlight the importance of cashless concept in building a ‘smart college’ to put it simply, a cashless college will have a campus which does not use hard currency in the form of bank notes and coins. All transactions in such a college will be made by credit cards, charge cards or direct transfers from one account to another.
The efforts have been channelized to study and present the needs, scope and limitations of a cashless society by bringing out a model that could help in implementing “the c3 concept”.  This study is based on various primary and secondary sources of information which include among others (i) review of various research papers and case studies; (ii) one-on- one interaction with various study groups; and (iii) telephonic interviews with the service providers who are already successfully running models developed on similar lines. A cashless society upholds the vision of the leaders of our economy who are continuously working towards making our economy a “smart economy”.
Keywords: C3 (Cashless College Campus) concept, POS (point of sale), EFTS (Electronic fund transfer system), Mobile Banking, Campus Card, Smart College, Smart Economy.

This work studies how we can obtain feature-level ratings of the mobile products from the customer reviews and review votes to influence decision-making, both for new customers and manufacturers. Such a rating system gives a more comprehensive picture of the product than what a product-level rating system offers. While product-level ratings are too generic, feature-level ratings are particular; we exactly know what is good or bad about the product. There has always been a need to know which features fall short or are doing well according to the customer's perception. It keeps both the manufacturer and the customer well-informed in the decisions to make in improving the product and buying, respectively. Different customers are interested in different features. Thus, feature-level ratings can make buying decisions personalized. We analyze the customer reviews collected on an online shopping site (Amazon) about various mobile products and the review votes. Explicitly, we carry out a feature-focused sentiment analysis for this purpose. Eventually, our analysis yields ratings to 108 features for 4000+ mobiles sold online. It helps in decision-making on how to improve the product (from the manufacturer's perspective) and in making the personalized buying decisions (from the buyer's perspective) a possibility. Our analysis has applications in recommender systems, consumer research, and so on.

Este livro é destinado a estudantes, pesquisadores, profissionais e demais interessados em comércio eletrônico (e-commerce), e faz um resgate histórico do surgimento das compras on-line, sua evolução no decorrer dos anos, além de explanar sobre as vantagens e as desvantagens de se utilizar as ferramentas e os recursos do ambiente virtual. Um dos principais objetivos do autor é apresentar como se relacionam alguns aspectos que, via de regra, estão presentes em tal ambiente, como a privacidade, a segurança, a qualidade das informações, a confiança, a propaganda boca a boca eletrônica e a intenção de recompra. Trata-se de uma leitura envolvente, ilustrada com diversas evidências empíricas nacionais e internacionais, complementada por uma ampla pesquisa realizada entre consumidores brasileiros que costumam realizar compras no formato on-line.

This review starts with a premise that numerous previous studies have used demographic profile of the online shopper to
comprehend difference in their online buying behavior. Taking above reason in account an exhaustive literature review
of the relevant studies has been undertaken to understand the effect of demographic variables on online buying behavior.
It was observed that online shoppers are mostly male, well educated, young, professionals and have an above average
disposable household income. However, marital status had no significant effect, except in categories like hardware and
technology. The results from this study will be useful for researchers and marketers to appropriately segment, target and position their business for maximum output.

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) usually occur when a company volunteers to contribute part of its profits and/or resources towards community development in a certain area or community where it normally conducts its business. CSR is also known as corporate citizenship. CSR is mainly enforced as a self-regulatory measure that enables a company to be socioeconomically accountable to itself, its stakeholders and the community at large. Companies that practice CSR are likely to have a positive impact on the environment and the socioeconomic development of their communities. Companies and other relevant stakeholders that practice CSR have the potential to uplift and develop their communities. The South African mining sector has the potential to develop the communities through CSR measures of mining companies. In this regard, it is imperative that mining companies utilise appropriate technology to effectively enforce their CSR measures. Therefore, the Helam Mine which is currently owned by Petra diamonds in Swartruggens community is discussed as a case study in this article. Helam Mine has so far failed to adopt and utilise CSR measures in the Swartruggens community. Consequently, the Swartruggens community is poorly developed and its people are still fighting for service delivery to date. Accordingly, the article explores the historical background of CSR as well as the role played by Helam Mine in the development of the Swartruggens community. Furthermore, the article analyses the possible CSR-related measures that could be adopted by Helam Mine to promote socioeconomic and environmental development in the Swartruggens community. It is submitted that Helam mine should seriously consider embracing and incorporating new technological approaches and CSR-related measures for the effective operation and management of its mining activities. In this regard, the available regulatory framework for CSR in South Africa is examined. Lastly, the article recommends that CSR should not be merely treated as an ethical obligation but it should also be regarded as a legal obligation so as to statutorily oblige all companies, especially mining companies to adopt, promote and enforce CSR-related measures in the communities where they conduct their businesses.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the e-commerce credibility factors affecting the perception of
users in Saudi Arabia and, moreover, to investigate whether the variation of credibility factors in Saudi
Arabian e-commerce websites influence users' performance. Website credibility, which refers to the
believability of the website and its content, plays an important role in consumers’ successful online
shopping experience and satisfaction. This investigation is conducted by employing two credibility
evaluation methods: heuristic evaluation and performance measurement. This study adopts Fogg's 10
Stanford credibility guidelines as a starting point for the heuristic evaluation. In the performance
measurement method, two measurements are used: the amount of time needed to finish the task and the
total number of clicks taken to finish the task. A frequency analysis of the comments and a one-way ANOVA
test are used to establish the results. Three e-commerce websites in Saudi Arabia are selected. The findings
show that Fogg’s 10 Stanford credibility guidelines can be implemented in the Saudi Arabian e-commerce
context with minor modifications and expansions by adding reputation, endorsement, security, and service
diversity guidelines. Another important finding is that professional website design plays a vital role in
users' first impression of websites, while usability is the most important credibility factor investigated used
to evaluate the credulity of an e-commerce website. Lastly, the results of this study indicate a relationship
between the e-commerce credibility level and users’ performance. This paper contributes to the literature
by providing a set of credibility guidelines associated with specific criteria, which can be assessed to
improve the future of e-commerce in Saudi Arabia.

Customer value management should be understood as a managerial approach, in which customers are perceived as the company’s asset, the value of which may be measured and increased through organisation of the processes around customer relationships. The book seeks to answer the question how customer value to company (customer lifetime value) should be managed on the Internet, and more specifically, how to incorporate the Internet in the process of delivery of proposed value to customer in order to increase their lifetime value and thus increase the value of the company and generate value to the company’s shareholders and other stakeholders.

The main goal of this paper is to present the possibilities of Internet-based customer value management and a model describing this process. Problems of current state of knowledge of online customer needs and behaviours, associated with the first pillar, are not the main focus of the paper, for the author’s intention is to concentrate on the presentation of the concept in form of a model, and not to describe current tendencies, acquired data or prognoses. This approach stems from the stand taken by Shapiro and Varian in the monograph Information Rules: A Strategic Guide to the Network Economy, where the authors stress that they ‘seek models, not trends; concepts, not vocabulary; and analyses, not analogies’ (Shapiro & Varian 1998).

Compared to numerous publications on the use of the Internet in marketing, this book attempts rather at describing a managing approach to customer relationships than at presenting a particular tool of e-marketing. Moreover, the deliberations are not limited by branches or sectors – differences in the approach towards customer value management are perceived through the prism of different types of value exchange between the company and customers. The author believes that particular types of value exchange have a greater influence on the differentiation of actions associated with online customer value management than the type of market (B2C/B2B) on which the company operates.

The world's financial markets faced a new cyberspace phenomenon. Cryptocurrencies are non-tracking by any bank or financial institution or even the state. In a digital transactions system, transactions are registered and encrypted in a general ledger book, the blockchains. Cryptocurrencies have features that make them more useful, especially in international exchange, so it is necessary to determine the advantages and challenges of using them. The study of digital currencies in Iran's economy and electronic business is presented. In recent years, the use of cryptocurrencies in Iran has grown. The necessity of public policymaking in facing this emerging phenomenon of economic importance has become more critical due to the transfer, such as decentralized systems, which led to the elimination of intermediate and observer entities. Cryptocurrencies also allow Iranian businesses and governments to direct access the international markets by bypassing sanctions. In this paper, the author first considers the mechanism of cryptocurrencies in the economy and then identifies the Iranian economy's challenges and opportunities. In conclusion, cryptocurrencies can allow Iranian entrepreneurs to enter the international arena and international competition. Therefore, it is vital that the government or public organizations raising awareness about cryptocurrencies will also contribute to the prosperity of businesses and prevent criminals from exploiting the conditions.

View the publication online: https://developing-an-organic-web-channel.ghost.io/2017/06/18/how-to-do-keyword-research-and-develop-great-keyword-strategies/

Keyword research is the missing piece for many web content creators. While I agree that writing is an art form that requires an open and free mind, you can still create entertaining and engaging content that better captures your audience by starting with keyword analysis BEFORE you begin to compose your content.

Keywords and keyword phrases can serve as an outline of the page you are about to create. Creating content without keyword research is akin to getting in the car and driving down the road without a destination in mind. It is a waste of energy and will do little to get you where you need to be. Keywords and keyword phrases should be a road map to better SEO and driving more traffic to your website.

1 Introduction.- 2 Case-based Reasoning.- 3 E-Commerce.- 4 Intelligent Agents and Multiagent Systems.- 5 A General Theory of Case Based Reasoning.- 6 CBR in E-Commerce.- 7 Case Based Reasoning in Multiagent Systems.- 8 Multiagent E-Commerce.- 9 Integration of CBR and MAS in E-Commerce.- 10 Concluding Remarks.- 11 Bibliography.

The practice of Human Resource Management was backed up by legal frameworks that started as early as 1950s. Evidence of this is the minimum wage law of 1951 and The Industrial Peace Act of 1953. The Constitution, as the Supreme Law of the Land, also enacted labor protection. Let us track the laws cited below as the mainstream legal backbones of our Human Resource Management. 1935 Philippine Constitution Atricle XIII, SEC. 6. The State shall afford protection to labor, especially to working women and minors, and shall regulate the relations between landowner and tenant, and between labor and capital in industry and in agriculture. The State may provide for compulsory arbitration. 1973 Philippine Constitution Article II, Section 9. The State shall afford protection to labor, promote full employment and equality in employment, ensure equal work opportunities regardless of sex, race, or creed, and regulate the relation between workers and employers. The State shall assure the rights of workers to self-organization, collective bargaining, security of tenure, and just and humane conditions of work. The State may provide for compulsory arbitration.

Today, Indonesian people in urban areas has strong engagement to internet. Almost every activities are necessarily involves the internet and information technology. So, no wonder if the internet now are very demanding to society. This phenomena also arising the enablement of business that using internet as main platform or known as e-commerce. E-commerce is defined as the process of purchasing, sales, transfer or exchange products, services or information via computer network over the internet. With business activity in e-commerce, it can be extending activity and reach consumers more easily. Also the process of transactions are so far in nature conventional modernized by providing online transaction. This article is intended to analyze and discuss about the types of business e-commerce in Indonesia based on the phenoimena and development of the theory underlying information system.

The study evaluates some selected E-commerce websites in Bangladesh from the usability perspectives. One online automated tools, namely, html toolbox and web page analyzer were used to test the Usability of these websites. Tools were used to measure the websites’ internal attributes which cannot be perceived by the users such as html code errors, download time, and size of the html pages. The questionnaire was developed and designed based on the 5 usability criteria divided into five categories. Each category deals with one usability aspect. The study showed that users are not satisfied by overall usability level of these websites and few of them are satisfied with the available features. However, there are some weaknesses in some aspects of the design, interface, and performances. Websites’ internal features are identified and suggestions are provided in the study to enhance the usability of these websites.
Keywords: Usability, web page analysis, website, internet, university websites

Berjalanlah di jalan di area metropolitan utama manapun dan hitung berapa banyak orang yang sedang mogok di iPhone atau BlackBerry mereka. Naik kereta api, naik pesawat, dan Anda akan melihat sesama pelancong membaca koran online, menonton video di telepon mereka, atau membaca novel di Kindle mereka. Dalam lima tahun, mayoritas pengguna internet di Amerika Serikat akan mengandalkan perangkat mobile sebagai perangkat utama mereka untuk mengakses Internet. M-commerce telah lepas landas. LAYANAN DAN APLIKASI M-COMMERCE Bidang utama pertumbuhan dalam mobile e-commerce adalah layanan berbasis lokasi, sekitar $ 215 juta pendapatan pada tahun 2010; penjualan aplikasi perangkat lunak di toko-toko seperti iTunes (sekitar $ 1,8 miliar); download hiburan nada dering, musik, video, dan acara TV (sekitar $ 1 miliar); iklan display seluler ($ 784 juta); layanan belanja langsung seperti Slifter ($ 200 juta); dan penjualan e-book ($ 338 juta). Aplikasi m-commerce telah diluncurkan untuk layanan yang sangat penting, yang menarik perhatian orang-orang yang sedang bergerak, atau yang menyelesaikan tugas dengan lebih efisien daripada metode lainnya. Layanan Berbasis Lokasi Wikitude.me menyediakan jenis browser khusus untuk ponsel pintar yang dilengkapi dengan sistem penentuan posisi global (GPS) dan kompas yang dapat mengidentifikasi lokasi Anda yang tepat dan di mana telepon diarahkan. Dengan menggunakan informasi dari lebih dari 800.000 tempat menarik yang tersedia di Wikipedia, ditambah ribuan situs lokal lainnya, browser akan melapisi informasi tentang tempat menarik yang Anda lihat, dan menampilkan informasi itu di layar ponsel cerdas Anda, yang dilapiskan pada peta atau foto yang baru saja Anda lihat. Perbankan dan Jasa Keuangan Bank dan perusahaan kartu kredit meluncurkan layanan yang memungkinkan pelanggan mengelola akun mereka dari perangkat mobile mereka. Pelanggan JPMorgan Chase dan Bank of America dapat menggunakan ponsel mereka untuk memeriksa saldo rekening, mentransfer dana, dan membayar tagihan. Periklanan dan Ritel Nirkabel Meskipun pasar iklan mobile saat ini kecil ($ 784 juta), tumbuh dengan cepat (naik 17 persen dari tahun lalu dan diperkirakan akan tumbuh menjadi lebih dari $ 6,2 miliar pada tahun 2014), karena semakin banyak perusahaan mencari cara untuk memanfaatkan database baru lokasi-informasi spesifik.

Based on the empirical research, this chapter investigated the impact of big data-based techniques typically used in big-data driven E-commerce such as information search, recommendation system, dynamic pricing, and personalisation on the online repurchase intention in Malaysia. This study also investigated the mediating effect on customer satisfaction. Therefore this study utilised the quantitative research method with an explanatory study to predict the link between dependent and independent variables. Additionally, the snowball sample method was used to select a sample size of 318 working adults in Klang Valley. Next, a self-administered online questionnaire was used to collect the necessary data. The IB, SPSS 22 software was then used to assess the reliability and normality of the variables at the first stage. Next, the Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modelling were examined via IBM SSS AMOS 22. The findings showed that the big data analytic factors like information search, recommendation system, dynamic pricing, and personalisation had a positive significant impact on customers' repurchase intention. Nonetheless, the mediation effect of customer satisfaction on information search, recommendation system, and dynamic pricing did not encourage the repurchase intention. Then, this chapter discussed the managerial implication, limitations, and future research scope. Finally, this study suggested strategies to enhance online repurchase intention via application of big-data analytics in E-commerce.

Recently, the development of business can make so many opportunities and innovations, such as online shopping. The online shopping system can make the interaction between seller and customer easier. But the problem still exists. The seller cannot deliver their respond immediately while the customer sending some questions. Therefore, a Chabot system can beat solution to the seller, where they able to deliver a response to a question quickly. In today’s scenario, the furniture retails shop processes the furniture retails shop’s raw material, sales, supplier, stock, receipt, and etc. is done manually through hands by ink and paper, which take large amount of time and causes strain and struggle for the furniture retails shop processing. It is important and needed to design a Retails Shop Evaluation for Chatbot, to pace up the work and make it an easy way to use system by shrinking those drawbacks we create a secure windows application for handling the furniture retails shop processing.

Organization worldwide has taken different activities to expand firm execution through interest in data and Communication Technologies (ICT) to change the management practices and to build productivity of the organization. Social, authoritative changes and expanding commitment for data innovations have changed the manners by which human capital are overseen. Associations worldwide have perceived the expanding significance of IT for utilizing human asset the management work, subsequently induce function of E-HRM. Despite the hypothetical association between E-HRM practices and organizational results, observational analysis that link the two measurements is modest. The aim of the examination is to give understanding about the E-HRM value creation suggestions. The study gives proof about effect of E-HRM and worth results by showing aftereffects of 361 branches of the chose commercial bank. Hypothetical structure is gotten from resource base view of the firm (RBV) perspective. Huge just as constructive outcomes on organizational results are found for such organizations who effectively actualized modern operational, relational, and transformational E-HRM practices.

The main objective of the study is to assess impact of e-commerce on socio-economic conditions in Ghana, specifically in the Greater Accra Region. The research work specifically intends to: evaluate the extent to which Ghanaians are familiar with e-commerce, identify the main socio- economic conditions underpinning e-commerce in Ghana and analyze the impacts of e-commerce on social and economic conditions in Ghana.
In conducting the research, a convenience sampling technique was adopted to select the respondents from which data was obtained. Questionnaire design was used to gather data on e-commerce activities and socio-economic conditions in Ghana. The data gathered was discussed with the necessary conclusions, recommendations. The findings of the study revealed that many Ghanaians have adopted the usage of e-commerce with the reason transacting business on e-commerce was less expensive, aid in speed delivery of services (no time wastage) and there is the surety of service quality.
Regarding how e-commerce affects the lives of Ghanaians and the socio-economic contribution were that e-commerce has created job opportunities for many Ghanaians and has also been the source for poverty reduction within the country, many businesses in the country has become very successful due the use of e-commerce services or activities and has created avenue of foreign exchange gains for the country.
Thus, e- commerce is seen as a contributor in promoting the socio-economic conditions within the country, that’s there was enough evidence to prove that e-commerce is a major contributor to the socio- economic development in the country.
Recommendations have been made to increase the adoption of e-commerce and create awareness of it importance.

Primera revista de la Carrera de Ingeniería Comercial EMI U.A. CBBA con carácter científico y en cuyo contenido se aprecian artículos realizados por un  selecto grupo de docentes que transmiten sus conocimientos adquiridos a través de las diferentes especialidades como de la experiencia propia adquirido a lo largo de los años, siendo todos ellos (artículos) de carácter netamente académico y cuyo contenido llenara todas las expectativas narrativas y de conocimiento que el lector sabrá criticar en alguna oportunidad, mismos artículos que han sido seleccionados y expuestos al público teniendo cuidado en el cumplimiento de todas las normas implícitas en este tipo de publicaciones.

El comercio electrónico (e-commerce) a partir de su aparición y apogeo, aproximadamente 1995, ha cambiado adaptándose a la situación que vivimos ahora. En la década de los 90 hablar de comercio electrónico (e-commerce) era plantear una transacción comercial entre dos entidades distantes y medios de pago muy sencillos (Transferencias bancarias con su correspondiente verificación por fax o vía correo electrónico). Los cambios en los negocios, tecnologías y sociedad obligan a una nueva visión de lo que es el comercio electrónico, considerando el aspecto social y llegando a establecerse un concepto de comercio electrónico social el que (LAUDON & GUERCIO, 2014) nos lo plantea así:
“Sitios de redes sociales como Facebook. Twitter; YouTube y Pinterest, que permiten a los usuarios distribuir su propio con-tenido (como videos, música, fotografías, datos personales, blogs, y aplicaciones de software), han cobrado gran importancia. Impulsada por el crecimiento explosivo de los teléfonos inteligentes como iPhone y Android, tabletas y notebooks, está surgiendo una nueva plataforma de comercio electrónico llamada comercio electrónico social porque está estrechamente ligada a las redes sociales, la computación móvil y busca ahora, las relaciones sociales privadas. Nunca antes en la historia de los medios se habían sumado audiencias tan grandes ni habían estado tan accesible. Las empresas están buscando la mejor manera de acercarse a estas audiencias desde una perspectiva de publicidad y marketing”.

Online grocery stores are becoming more popular than ever. As the number of consumers of online grocery stores increases, understanding e-loyalty in this context is pivotal. Despite its growing importance, e-loyalty in online grocery shopping is a less explored area in expanding e-commerce literature. The purpose of this research is to examine and understand the mediating role of e-satisfaction on e-loyalty in context of online grocery shopping. Predictors (convenience, merchandising, site design, and financial security) identified in Szymanski and Hise's e-satisfaction model are used to further extend the model by examining their relationship with e-loyalty through mediation from e-satisfaction. The proposed model was tested on a sample of 351 online shoppers through the database of two large online grocery stores in Pakistan. The results were measured through regression analysis. Findings suggest that there is no significant relationship between any of the variables under study. Moreover, the mediating effect of e-satisfaction on e-loyalty was also not found. The results indicate significant contribution in three main areas: provides new insights for understanding e-loyalty, rejects Szymanski and Hise's e-satisfaction model in the context of online grocery shopping, and validates findings of previous researchers who had suggested distinguish nature of online grocery shopping. Managers need to adopt different strategies for online grocery shopping due to the perishable and variable nature of the products. Some other variables can also be added to the model, such as e-trust and e-service quality, to further validate the research model.

Arus globalisasi yang saat ini membuat jarak antar negara bukanlah suatu problematika lagi. Orang semakin mudah berhubungan dengan orang lain melalui perkembangan teknologi dan komunikasi. Salah satu perkembangan yang signifikan sekarang adalah transaksi jual beli secara online atau E-Commerce. Penjual dan pembeli tidak perlu bertatap muka (face to face) untuk melakukan transaksi jual beli, melainkan hanya perlu memiliki koneksi internet yang akan mempertemukan mereka di dunia virtual. Eksistensi E-Commerce ini penting untuk dikaji aspek legalitasnya, agar tidak menjadi sengketa hukum yang dapat merugikan berbagai pihak secara komersial.
Kata Kunci : bisnis online, e-commerce,  dunia virtual

Understanding customer's behavioral depositions while interacting with the Web in general has become crucial in the virtual market. Deciphering webographics has become quintessential element for success and survival of any online business. However, there has been no study which has directly investigated the relationship between webographics and purchase frequency. Therefore, with an aim to understand associations between purchase frequency and webographics, web survey has been applied to 308 respondents, who have made at least one online purchase in past six months from prominent e-retailers in India. Significant relationship has been found between purchase frequency and webographic characteristics like internet experience, computer experience, usage level (time spent), access device, access place, web skill and type of data plan used by internet shopper.

This study empirically investigates the drivers and barriers faced by small and medium sized enterprises (SME’s) in Greece
in the adoption of electronic commerce (EC). The study adopts the case study method of analysis documenting the adoption
experiences of four SME owner managers from different companies operating in different industries. A research model is
proposed suggesting innovation, technological, organizational and environmental issues which have been found in previous
research to affect the adoption process. Implications from the analysis and recommendations for the improvement of EC
development are presented as well as a path for future research. The study is important since it provides empirical evidence
and a theoretically grounded understanding of EC level of adoption and  offers recommendations on the implementation of EC development to the SME manager owner.

Las competencias ejecutivas se refieren al conjunto de conocimientos, habilidades, destrezas y actitudes que son aplicados por los colaboradores en el desempeño de su cargo u ocupación; esto en correspondencia con el principio de idoneidad demostrada y los aspectos técnicos, productivos y de servicio requeridos, así como los estándares de calidad, productividad y competitividad, que se exigen para el adecuado desenvolvimiento de sus funciones.

Road accident is ‘a global tragedy’ with ever-rising trend. The goal of this article includes review of the causes and nature of accidents, statistical data regarding road accidents and the economic impact. 1.17 million Deaths occur each year worldwide due to road accidents 70 % of which occur in developing countries. 65% of deaths involve pedestrians, 35 % of which are children. Estimates suggest that 23-34 million people are injured worldwide every year in road crashes – a value almost twice that previously estimated. It is estimated that more than 200 U.S. citizens die each year due to road accidents abroad. Every year in Europe, more than 50,000 peoples are killed in road accidents, and more than 150,000 remain disabled. It is a sad fact that the total number of road accidents in Malaysia exceeded 223,000 in 1999. On the average, 16 persons died from these road accidents, every single day in 1999. Lack of attention, reckless driving, lack of proper protection, speeding, bad personal habits, social and behavioral misconduct and inconsiderate drivers of larger vehicles are some of the problems that cause accidents. In Malaysia, motorcycle fatal accidents (60%) warrant a high degree of concern. Young children and senior citizens are found to be in the vulnerable age group. In Malaysia, in 1999 alone, general insurers paid RM1.67 billion or an average of RM4.6 million a day on motor claims. It is now recognized that road traffic accidents represent a major public health problem, because of the high number of victims involved and because of the seriousness of the consequences for themselves and for their families.

Abstrak Persaingan bisnis yang semakin pesat saat ini mendorong pemilik usaha untuk mengembangkan bisnisnya dengan perantara teknologi informasi. Salah satu teknologi informasi yang digunakan untuk tujuan bisnis adalah perdangan elektronik atau dikenal dengan istilah E-Commerce. Toko XYZ adalah toko yang menjual berbagai jenis model pakaian pria dan wanita di Jakarta. Dalam keberlangsungnya masih memiliki beberapa permasalahan, pelanggan tidak mengetahui informasi produk/diskon terbaru, pemesanan dan pembayaran produk masih dilakukan manual dengan datang ke toko, tidak ada informasi stok produk dan kurangnya promosi. Kedepannya Toko XYZ berharap dapat bersaing dengan adanya Website Toko Online. Adapun metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian menggunakan metode Business Model Canvas untuk menganalisis model bisnis, analisis dan perancangan E-Commerce menggunakan pendekatan Object Oriented Analysis and Design dengan tools Unified Modeling Language, implementasi aplikasi E-Commerce menggunakan Content Management System (CMS), teknik Search Engine Optimization menggunakan pendekatan optimasi On-Page dan teknik pemasaran menggunakan strategi marketing 4P (Product, Promotion, Price dan Place). Dengan adanya toko online, maka pelanggan baru dapat dengan mudah melakukan pemesanan, serta mendapatkan informasi terkait produk-produk yangg ada di Toko XYZ. Kata kunci: E-Commerce, Pakaian, Content Management System, Search Engine Optimization, Strategi Marketing 4P 1. PENDAHULUAN Perkembangan teknologi informasi yang semakin maju saat ini memberikan manfaat bagi masyarakat, terutama dalam hal kemanfaatan dan efektifitas [1]. Teknologi informasi berperan penting dalam menunjang bisnis perusahaan dalam hal penyediaan alat yang dapat menghasilkan informasi yang berkaitan dengan bisnis perusahaan [2]. Contoh teknologi yang digunakan dalam bisnis teknologi E-Commerce. E-Commerce adalah proses pembelian, penjualan dan pemasaran barang, serta jasa melalui sistem elektronik, seperti radio, televisi dan jaringan komputer atau internet [3]. Teknologi informasi dapat membantu perusahaan dalam melakukan transaksi bisnis baik kepada pelanggan maupun kepada supplier. Toko XYZ adalah salah satu bisnis yang bergerak di bidang penjualan pakaian fashion untuk pria dan wanita dan beralamat di Tanah Abang, Jakarta Pusat. Kondisi yang terjadi pada Toko XYZ saat ini adalah belum tersedianya sistem yang menangani layanan penjualan secara terkomputerisasi, dimana semua layanan penjualan masih dilakukan secara manual. Pelanggan diminta datang ke toko untuk membeli kebutuhan yang diinginkan. Selain itu, penggunaan perangkat teknologi informasi untuk membantu layanan penjualan dirasakan masing sangat kurang sehingga menyebabkan beberapa masalah, antara lain : pelanggan tidak mengetahui informasi produk/diskon terbaru, pemesanan dan pembayaran produk masih dilakukan manual dengan datang ke toko, tidak ada informasi stok produk dan kurangnya promosi. Beberapa studi literatur terkait dengan penelitian yang dilakukan, antara lain antara lain : penelitian pertama [4] yang membahas implementasi E-Commerce sebagai media penjualan online pada Toko Pastbrik Kota Malang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian tersebut adalah pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian kedua [5] membahas proses untuk meningkatkan penjualan souvenir pernikahan dengan memanfaatkan aplikasi E-Commerce. Penelitian tersebut mengunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP dalam rangka mengimplementasikan E-Commerce. Penelitian ketiga membahas perancangan sistem informasi penjualan online pada Tokoku [6]. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian tersebut adalah metode deskriptif. Berdasarkan kondisi yang terjadi di Toko XYZ dan merujuk pada beberapa studi literatur diatas, maka peneliti melakukan analisis dan kajian dalam rangka membuat model dan aplikasi E-Commerce untuk membantu layanan penjualan secara online pada Toko XYZ. Rumusan masalah yang harus dijawab dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana membuat model E-Commerce untuk membantu meningkatkan penjualan pada Toko XYZ?

Information and communication technology (ICT) is currently the key enabler of most fields and sectors. It contributed to improving the field of commerce by advent, the concept of electronic commerce. The advent of e-commerce contributed to improving the commerce field by enabling customers to conduct their entire business transaction via the internet. Accordingly, e-commerce has become an indicator of the economic growth sought by countries in this digital age. One of the common forms of B2C e-commerce is online shopping in which the customer deals with a website and gets a full shopping experience online. The online shopping environment in Saudi Arabia is expected to grow as a result of the development of ICT, the spread of the Internet, the large proportion of the youth population and the rapid trend of online markets around the world, and in Saudi Arabia in particular. However, it is still immature, and the adoption of online shopping with Saudi e-shops in specific is less than expected. Therefore, this study seeks to explore the factors influencing the adoption of online shopping by females with Saudi e-shops. This study adopted a qualitative methodology, as data were collected by conducting thirty semi-structured interviews with Saudi females and analyzed through applying Thematic Analysis (TA) method using a software tool (NVivo). As a result, the study reported thirteen factors influencing Saudi females to adopt online shopping with Saudi e-shops. Those factors were classified under six main themes: products-related factors, logistics-related factors, customer service-related factors, payment-related factors, technology-related factors, and culture-related factors. Based on the study's findings, the researcher reported the study contributions and future research recommendations in conclusion.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the nature of the interrelationships between perceived
personalization, privacy, trust, interactivity, satisfaction, commitment and loyalty in the ecommerce
environment.
A detailed questionnaire was developed to measure the relationship between the aforementioned
variables and data was collected from 204 Jordanian electronic commerce customers' web. The
data were analyzed using PLS-SEM technique. The study identified that customer commitment
and customer satisfaction are having direct influence on customer loyalty.
In terms of commitment related variables, the conventional belief that satisfaction has a significant
relationship with commitment was also confirmed in our research for customer satisfaction.
However, perceived personalization and privacy was not significantly related to commitment.
Trust is found to have positive influences on commitment and for customer satisfaction.
Interactivity is found to have significant positive influences on commitment and for customer
satisfaction. Among customer satisfaction constructs, privacy, trust, and interactivity were
significantly related to satisfaction, while the relationship between perceived personalization and
customer satisfaction was not significant. In addition, privacy was significantly related to trust

Dynamic and turbulent modern environment is creating lot of difficulties to the entrepreneurship and challenge their existence. Therefore in order to face that challenge successfully entrepreneurs use the knowledge management as a strategic weapon. This could help them to formulate the entrepreneurial venture and gain a sustainable competitive advantage to their organizations. A key goal of knowledge management (KM) is to foster innovation through the creation of new knowledge. Knowledge management is the process of discovery, development and creation, maintenance and appropriate usage of knowledge in appropriate time meanwhile, Entrepreneurship cannot be separated from innovation, risk taking and exploiting opportunity. Not surprisingly, knowledge management associate with the context of entrepreneurship, a domain where innovation is considered essential. Using knowledge in business is necessarily about thinking up clever new products and service or devising ingenious new ways of selling them. This paper incorporated by several structured literature reviews of various research studies in order to identify how knowledge management as a discipline into the concept of entrepreneurship and startup domain.

La confianza es un factor determinante al realizar compras en línea consumidor  a consumidor C2C. El grado de confianza va desde la percepción de calidad del sitio web hasta la reputación del mismo (Jones, 2014). Este artículo presenta una adaptación del modelo propuesto por Jones (2014) donde se mide la eficacia percibida de los Mecanismos Institucionales de Comercio Electrónico (Fang, 2014), para aumentar la confianza.

This study aims to examine the creation of a positive culture of teaching and learning through classroom management to improve learner performance within Kwa-Mhlanga NorthEast circuit in Mpumalanga province. This is a qualitative study that uses an inductive approach and a case study. For this study, interviews, observation, and document analysis were used to collect data. This study made use of thematic content analysis. Three schools were selected out of twenty-five and three participants from each school were representative of the entire population of one thousand one hundred educators in the circuit. Participants were selected purposively. The interviews were done face to face with participants from three sampled schools at scheduled times with each participant. This study found that the schools, namely School A, School B and School C use different policies in creating a positive culture of teaching and learning, policies such as staff attendance policy, assessment policy, learn...

The government of India has been giving high priority to rural development with the objective to achieve rural-urban integration in growth processes. The focus of development is to include disadvantaged sections of society i.e. it includes" equality in growth" and "equality of opportunity to all. This paper presents a review of the various study made by different investigators, researchers, and agencies regarding implications of ICT Tools on rural societies of India, significance and role of ICT in Rural Development; Rural Community development and after knowing the observations made by various researcher, investigator and experts concluded that ICTs play a major role in environmentally sustainable rural development and rural community development. ICTs have remarkable contribution towards improvement of economic and social development of societies in rural India. In developing country like India, to create information rich societies, to empower poor people, to reduce digital divide, sustainable development of rural community"s dissemination of ICT in grassroots level of rural villages is necessary.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the e-commerce credibility factors affecting the perception of users in Saudi Arabia and, moreover, to investigate whether the variation of credibility factors in Saudi Arabian e-commerce websites influence users' performance. Website credibility, which refers to the believability of the website and its content, plays an important role in consumers' successful online shopping experience and satisfaction. This investigation is conducted by employing two credibility evaluation methods: heuristic evaluation and performance measurement. This study adopts Fogg's 10 Stanford credibility guidelines as a starting point for the heuristic evaluation. In the performance measurement method, two measurements are used: the amount of time needed to finish the task and the total number of clicks taken to finish the task. A frequency analysis of the comments and a one-way ANOVA test are used to establish the results. Three e-commerce websites in Saudi Arabia are selected. The findings show that Fogg's 10 Stanford credibility guidelines can be implemented in the Saudi Arabian e-commerce context with minor modifications and expansions by adding reputation, endorsement, security, and service diversity guidelines. Another important finding is that professional website design plays a vital role in users' first impression of websites, while usability is the most important credibility factor investigated used to evaluate the credulity of an e-commerce website. Lastly, the results of this study indicate a relationship between the e-commerce credibility level and users' performance. This paper contributes to the literature by providing a set of credibility guidelines associated with specific criteria, which can be assessed to improve the future of e-commerce in Saudi Arabia.