Commerce

As we all know English is a language known and used by the largest number of people. Compared with other languages, English is spoken and written by the largest people in the world. There are reasons behind this usage of language. Mainly this language is used for historical, political and economic reason. Apart from this it has its own qualities and characteristics which have brought this recognition to English language. The purpose of this article is to know and understand those characteristics and qualities because of which the English language has received the worldwide significance today.

This project focuses on the luxury goods market of United Arab Emirates and its growth factors. A growing economy, high consumption rates, a large, urban population, reduced financial risk, excellent infrastructure, and emerging stylish youth market is driving the luxury goods sector in the region. The Arab Spring has forced many tourists to change their travel plans and the UAE’s political stability coupled with its highly developed retail and hospitality sectors have made it a very attractive destination.
One of the prime factors for the UAE’s emergence as a retail hub is its ‘open for business’ culture, which encourages businesses to set up shop and reap the rewards of a growing economy, High consumption rates, a large, urban population, and reduced political and financial risk are the economical factors that have contributed towards the growth of the luxury goods market of united Arab emirates.
The U.A.E has a strong Tourism industry and excellent infrastructure which has served has strong factors for the growth of the luxury goods market of United Arab Emirates.
There is a huge growth potential for luxury goods in the Middle Eastern region. The most dynamic segments are hard luxury items like real jewellery, watches, handbags and sunglasses.
In the UAE both Men and Women are indulging in luxury purchases. According to Euromonitor Research, The total UAE luxury market was expected to grow more than nine per cent year-on-year in 2012 to total Dhs7.1 billion. Consumers across the globe are increasingly eager to spend money on high quality things which last longer, while UAE residents continue to indulge in luxury gadgets, spirits and jewellery items. Because of high rents in the high-end malls in UAE, retailers are looking forward to set up future ventures in second- and third-tier malls.

Published and available here https://www.edi-colibri.pt/Detalhes.aspx?ItemID=2576&fbclid=IwAR0bbUK8NXDjQkWS3DSShW9Yd1XFHspVar0837GuVAP37CMKugl-42MfeyQ    "In the year of 1496, a new breed of men was created after the
expulsion and forced conversion of Jews from Portugal. Many of those men
emigrated, others, lacking the financial means or convinced of their power
and social importance, stayed as New-Christians – at least apparently.
In the course of time, some of those men became real Christians
but much more maintained their ancestral faith, now hidden. However, and
regardless their true belief, they were not seen neither as fully Christians
nor as Jews in the rabbinical sense. In this dim universe, traditional
classifications are not completely suitable – something always is missed.
The only thing in common those men have is their Iberian Jewish origins.
They were sefarditas.
Caught between two competing and simultaneous allied forces –
King and Church – the sefarditas tried to find a way to survive, prosper and
ascending in a society of orders where each group had their own laws,
privileges and limitations.
Like all the Portuguese Society, they rely on family, friends and on
each other to do business, to marry and to practice the faith. In an
economical perspective, the sefarditas were transversal to all society,
ranging from the poorest to the richest. Nevertheless, the most notable of
them were merchants and financiers and they were in the beginning of
modern capitalism and in the take-off of the world commerce with their
houses and correspondents in all the major trade emporia."

Artificial Intelligence is now one of the most important Technologies in the world in almost every field. This study tries to emphasis the pivotal role of artificial Intelligence in accounting and its systems to compare the impact on the accounting system before and after its implementation  .Accounting tasks involve a wide range of structured, semi-structured and unstructured decisions. This study indicates an impact on various factors that improve productivity and accuracy.  In totality, it indicates that AI systems are found to allow the user substantial control of search for solutions of the problems in accounting and take decisions on whether to follow AI systems, increased access to top management, and a decrease for supervision.  This study analyses the relative impact of AI on two different types of accounting work: Taxation and Auditing .The results indicate an impact on factors that ultimately improve productivity.  Artificial intelligence allows the user the ability to solve various problems, while allowing the user the ability to perform more work. The comparison of taxation and Auditing AI systems indicates that audit systems seem to allow for greater control over search. Taxation seems to allow more work to be done without supervision, make more decisions immediately, and allow the user to make a more decisions.

A calculation grid developed by an international expert group was tested across biobanks in six countries to evaluate costs for collections of various types of biospecimens. The assessment yielded a tool for setting specimen-access prices that were transparently related to biobank costs, and the tool was applied across three models of collaborative partnership.

Firearms were associated with 30, 136 deaths in the United States in 2003. Most guns are initially sold to the public through a network of retail dealers. Licensed firearm dealers are an important source of guns for criminals and gun traffickers. Just one percent of licensed dealers were responsible for more than half of all guns traced to crime. Federal law makes it difficult for ATF to inspect and revoke the licenses of problem gun dealers. State licensing systems, however, are a greatly under-explored opportunity for firearm dealer oversight. We identify and categorize these state systems to identify opportunities for interventions to prevent problem dealers from supplying guns to criminals, juveniles, or gun traffickers. Just seventeen states license gun dealers. Twenty-three states permit routine inspections of dealers but only two mandate that those inspections occur on a regular basis. Twenty-six states impose record-keeping requirements for gun sales. Only thirteen states require some form of store security measures to minimize firearm theft. We conclude with recommendations for a comprehensive system of state licensing and oversight of gun dealers. Our findings can be useful for the coalition of more than fifty U.S. mayors that recently announced it would work together to combat illegal gun trafficking.

In real-world production/transportation planning decision (PTPD) problems in a supply chain, because of the conflicting nature of the multiple objectives and the vagueness in information regarding the environmental coefficients and related parameters, conventional deterministic methods are unsuitable for yielding an effective solution. This study presents a fuzzy goal programming approach for solving the integrated PTPD problems with fuzzy multiple goals in uncertain environments. The proposed model aims to simultaneously minimize the total distribution and production costs, the total number of rejected items, and the total delivery time with reference to available capacity, labor level and quota flexibility constraints at each source, as well as forecasting demand and warehouse space at each destination. The proposed approach adopts the piecewise linear membership functions to represent the fuzzy goals of the decision maker for the integrated PTPD problems in a supply chain, and achieves more flexible doctrines via an interactive decision-making process. The analytical results obtained by implementing an industrial case indicate that the proposed approach is practically applicable for the solving the integrated multi-objective PTPD problems in uncertain environments, and can effectively improve producer/distributor relationships in a supply chain.

ObjectiveDespite widespread concern over exploitation of the European Union's fish stocks, dietary guidelines in the UK continue to recommend two portions of fish per week. The present study sought to investigate whether health and/or sustainability are motivating factors when purchasing and consuming fish and whether there are sociodemographic trends.DesignA structured, self-completion postal questionnaire exploring consumers’ attitudes towards purchasing fish, their dietary intake, stated purchasing behaviour and sociodemographic information.SettingNottinghamshire, UK.SubjectsAdults from 842 households randomly selected from the electoral register.ResultsOver half of the participants (57·0 %) were aware of the health benefits of fish consumption and reported health as a primary motivator for purchasing fish; however, only 26·8 % actively sought to purchase fish from a sustainable source (e.g. Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) certified fish). Only 30·6 % of participants met cur...

This paper examines the real cause of English language teaching and learning to Government secondary schools in Bihar. English plays important role in growth and development in every aspect of person's life. This language is the official language of most of the nations and one of the most thought languages in schools and colleges including India. As India is a country of village, majority of the students come from rural background they find uneasiness to speak, read, write and listen in English. In the case of Bihar, teaching language becomes more difficult because English is taught not at compulsory subject in Bihar at secondary level of schooling. This paper also deals in education structure, government policy, role of department of education, teacher efficiency, curriculum, content development of language teaching.

We examine the intraday trading response of participants in the common stock market and in the preferred stock market to announcements of dividend increases on common stock. We find that participants in the preferred stock market respond more slowly to the ...

The prevalence and characteristics of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. as well as counts of E. coli in raw oysters, condiments/spices, and raw oyster cocktails sampled from 72 vendors across Western Trinidad were determined. The microbial quality of the water used in the preparation of raw oysters was also investigated. Of 200 samples each of raw oysters, condiments/spices and oyster cocktails tested, 154 (77.0%), 89 (44.5%) and 154 (77.0%) respectively yielded E. coli. The differences were statistically significant (P = < 0.001; chi square = 62.91). The mean E. coli count per g in the ready-to-eat oyster cocktail ranged from 1.5 x 10(3) +/- 2.7 x 10(3) in Couva to 8.7x10(6) +/- 4.9x10(7) in San Fernando. One hundred and forty-six (73.0%) oyster cocktails contaminated with E. coli had counts that exceeded the recommended standard of 16 per g. Of a total of 590 E. coli isolates from various sources tested, 24 (4.1%), 20 (3.4%) and 69 (11.7%) were mucoid, haemolytic and non-sor...

Drugs, hormones and pesticides are chemical compounds used for alleviation of various diseases in animals. There are many classes of drugs which have been used and in the case of natural steroid hormones these have been used to increase mass gain by stimulating protein anabolism. Pesticides have been used for many years in the control of ectoparasites which transmit important human and livestock diseases. The purpose of the present article is to review procedures for management of veterinary products to facilitate national and international trade.

Over the past 15-20 years, domestic cultivation of cannabis has been established in a number of European countries. New techniques have made such cultivation easier; however, the bulk of growers remain small-scale. In this study, we explore the factors that prevent small-scale growers from increasing their production. The study is based on 1 year of ethnographic fieldwork and qualitative interviews conducted with 45 Norwegian cannabis growers, 10 of whom were growing on a large-scale and 35 on a small-scale. The study identifies five mechanisms that prevent small-scale indoor growers from going large-scale. First, large-scale operations involve a number of people, large sums of money, a high work-load and a high risk of detection, and thus demand a higher level of organizational skills than for small growing operations. Second, financial assets are needed to start a large 'grow-site'. Housing rent, electricity, equipment and nutrients are expensive. Third, to be able to sell...

The topic of impact of working capital management policies on the performance of organizations has been attempted by many researchers across the world from time to time. Most of the research work has been done in the direction of finding association of working capital management policies with firm profitability or firm value or both. In the endeavour to explore the state of affairs of the research work done so far published researched articles have been considered. The articles thus collected have been furcated on the basis of the context being International or Indian.

In the absence of congressional action to reinstate the federal ban on assault weapons, tort litigation offers an alternative strategy for regulating what have become the weapons of choice in mass shootings. However, opportunities to bring successful claims are limited. To prevail, plaintiffs must show that their suit fits within exceptions to the broad immunity from tort actions that Congress gave the firearm industry in the 2005 Protection of Lawful Commerce in Arms Act. In one particularly high-profile lawsuit, families of victims of the school shooting in Newtown, Connecticut, in 2012 sued the makers and sellers of the military-style rifle used in the attack, alleging negligence and deceptive marketing. The trial court dismissed the case on October 14, 2016, but the plaintiffs plan to appeal. We review the history of tort litigation against the firearm industry, outline the Newtown families' claims, and describe the decision.

The economic growth of a country is mostly depends on the infrastructure and construction available in their area. Substructure link the peoples to services, markets and jobs and helps people to live healthy and productive lives. Transport facility is an important aspect of infrastructure facilitating mobility of goods and people from one place to another place. The passengers expect huge services from Indian Railways, but the railways providing few of the service in good quality and many of its services are not good. When the Indian Railways is not fulfill the passenger’s expectation, they are ready to switch over to another mode of transportation service. So, Indian railways to go down passenger business earning, in recent year the railway freight services only to contribute major role in Railway earnings. The railways passenger earnings were not good in past few years. Indian railways has to improve their services to world class. The main aim of the study is to identify the socio...

भवभूति से बहुत पूर्व राजतन्त्र पूर्णतः सुगठित हो चुका था। भारतीय इतिहास में उस युग तक बड़े-बड़े राजतन्त्र तथा गणतन्त्र की शासन-व्यवस्था विकसित हो चुकी थी। राज्य और राजा के आदर्श-मूल्य स्थापित हो चुके थे। भवभूति ने अपने नाटकों की कथावस्तु राजचरित्र से ही ली है। इसलिए राजनीतिक व्यवहारों को दिखलाने का उन्हें पर्याप्त अवसर प्राप्त हुआ है।

Mar del Plata cuenta con un puerto marítimo de ultramar, primariamente pesquero (concentra el 60% de la pesca en la Argentina) y, secundariamente, petrolero, cerealero y de explotación turística con, además, un área exclusivamente militar, actual asiento de la Base Naval Mar del Plata de la Armada Argentina.

El calado máximo permitido del puerto es de 32 pies, y opera con buques tanques petroleros, buques frigoríficos, buques de pasajeros, buques pesqueros y bulk carriers, y es un puerto artificial protegido por dos importantes...

The illegal ivory trade recently intensified to the highest levels ever reported. Policing this trafficking has been hampered by the inability to reliably determine geographic origin of contraband ivory. Ivory can be smuggled across multiple international borders and along numerous trade routes, making poaching hotspots and potential trade routes difficult to identify. This fluidity also makes it difficult to refute a country's denial of poaching problems. We extend an innovative DNA assignment method to determine the geographic origin(s) of large elephant ivory seizures. A Voronoi tessellation method is used that utilizes genetic similarities across tusks to simultaneously infer the origin of multiple samples that could have one or more common origin(s). We show that this joint analysis performs better than sample-by-sample methods in assigning sample clusters of known origin. The joint method is then used to infer the geographic origin of the largest ivory seizure since the 1989 ivory trade ban. Wildlife authorities initially suspected that this ivory came from multiple locations across forest and savanna Africa. However, we show that the ivory was entirely from savanna elephants, most probably originating from a narrow east-to-west band of southern Africa, centered on Zambia. These findings enabled law enforcement to focus their investigation to a smaller area and fewer trade routes and led to changes within the Zambian government to improve antipoaching efforts. Such outcomes demonstrate the potential of genetic analyses to help combat the expanding wildlife trade by identifying origin(s) of large seizures of contraband ivory. Broader applications to wildlife trade are discussed.

La Unión Europea, con 500 millones de habitantes y ASEAN, con 600, tienen unas relación económicas que, por el momento, no se ha traducido en una equivalente apuesta política. El valor de este trabajo reside en una proyección a futuro de los lazos UE-ASEAN referente a temas como un Tratado de Libre Comercio interregional, la ventaja estratégica de una apuesta en conectividad así como los retos político-securitarios provenientes de esta región del mundo.

Adolescent hood is a time which involves many psychological and emotional problems of orphan and non-orphan children. Lack of self-determination and inability to take decision puts orphans and non orphans at risk of anxiety. The aim of the study is to explore the effect of gender on decision-making among orphans and non-orphans children. One hundred twenty participants from the general adolescent population from orphan and non-orphan were studied using the following self-administered questionnaire surveys: Adolescent Decision-Making Questionnaire (ADMQ) developed by Mann, Harmoni and Power. The sample of 60 orphans children (30 boys and 30 girls) and the 60 non-orphan children (30 boys and 30 girls) were selected belonging to three district of Chhattisgarh. This sample was selected with the help of random sampling techniques. The data were analyzed with T-tests. Results: Gender was playing significant role on decision making of orphan and non-orphan and results also indicated that gender is positively associated with decision-making.