AMD

An electrical resistivity survey was completed at the Landusky mine. The survey consisted of 15 lines on the surface of the reclaimed Suprise pit, Queen Rose pit, and the region immediately south of Swift Gulch. Aditionally, wells and seeps were used by energizing electrodes in direct contact with ground water to increase the sensitivity of the resistivity method at depth. The survey was conducted to locate potential acid rock drainage pathways that are contaminating Swift Gulch. The results showed that the lowest resistivity values were coincident with the Queen Rose pit. Furthermore, the low resistivity feature appeared to trend northeast along a known fault, consistent with the geologic understanding of the site. A scatter plot of resistivity values versus total dissolved solids (TDS) showed a strong correlation (R2 = 0.85). A linear regression model suggests TDS at the lowest
resistivity region to be approximately 2.5 times greater than that measured in ground water wells.

Lake Kepwari is a rehabilitated lake in the Collie Basin lignite mining area in Western Australia. The water quality of Lake Kepwari was modeled with the pit lake hydrodynamic and water quality model PITLAKQ. Based on a hydrodynamically validated model, water quality scenarios were used to quantify the sensitivity of different acidity sources including groundwater exchange, surface runoff and erosion, providing new insights into the system.
The technique of monthly aggregation of all sources and sinks of acidity, based on detailed model output, provided the basis for useful conclusions. Model results suggest field investigations to improve modeling certainty and a follow-up, improved phase of modeling.

Age related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness, accounting for 8.7% of all blindness globally. Vision loss is caused ultimately by apoptosis of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and overlying photoreceptors. Treatments are evolving for the wet form of the disease, however these do not exist for the dry form. Complement factor H (CFH) polymorphism in exon 9 (Y402H) has shown a strong association with susceptibility to AMD resulting in complement activation, recruitment of phagocytes, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) damage and visual decline. We have derived and characterised induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs) lines from two patients without AMD and low risk genotype and two pa‐ tients with advanced AMD and high risk genotype and generated RPE cells that show local secretion of several proteins involved in the complement pathway including factor H (FH), factor I (FI) and factor H like 1 (FHL‐1). The iPSC RPE cells derived from high risk patients mimic several key features of AMD including increased inflammation and cellular stress, accumulation of lipid droplets, impaired autophagy and deposition of " drüsen " like depos‐ its. The low and high risk RPE cells respond differently to intermittent ex‐ posure to UV light which leads to an improvement in cellular and function‐ al phenotype only in the high risk AMD‐RPE cells. Taken together our data indicate that the patient specific iPSC model provides a robust platform for understanding the role of complement activation in AMD, evaluating new therapies based on complement modulation and drug testing. STEM CELLS 2017; 00:000–000 SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Age related macular degeneration (AMD) is the one of the most common forms of blindness. Drugs that treat wet AMD have been a major break‐ through; however there is currently no treatment for the dry form. One of the problems with studying AMD is that the affected retinal tissue is difficult to obtain, there are no animal models that faithfully mimic the disease and human trials are long and costly. Herein, we report creation of a disease

One field where computer-related Image processing technology shows great promise for the future is bionic implants such as Cochlear implants, Retinal implants etc.. Retinal implants are being developed around the world in hopes of restoring useful vision for patients suffering from certain types of diseases like Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) and Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP). In these diseases the photoreceptor cells slowly degenerated, leading to blindness. However, many of the inner retinal neurons that transmit signals from the photoreceptors to the brain are preserved to a large extent for a prolonged period of time. The Retinal Prosthesis aims to provide partial vision by electrically
activating the remaining cells of the retina. The Epi retinal prosthesis system is composed of two units, extra ocular unit and intraocular implant. The two units are connected by a telemetric inductive link. The Extraocular unit consists of a CCD camera, an image processor, an encoder, and a transmitter
built on the eyeglass. High-resolution image from a CCD camera is reduced to lower resolution matching the array of electrodes by image processor, which is then encoded into bit stream. Each electrode in an implant corresponds to one pixel in an image. The bit stream is modulated on a 22 MHz
carrier and then transmitted wirelessly to the inside implant. This paper mainly discusses two approaches in image processing which reduces the size of the image without loss of the object detection rate to that of the original image. One is about the related image processing algorithms include image
resizing, color erasing, edge enhancement and edge detection. Second one is to generate the saliency map for an image.

Open-cut mining can create pit lakes that form distinct lake districts. Localised factors at the lake level ensure that individual pit lakes develop different water qualities and ecological values. The Collie Lake District is formed from open cut coal mining operations in the south-west of Western Australia. The limnology and water quality of 13 of these lakes were investigated in 2009. All of the deep pit lakes appeared to be thermally stratified over the summer but many had, or were close to, mixing by autumn. The lakes were mainly Al buffered, with pH ranging from 2.5 to 6.4. Most lakes could be considered oligotrophic but some contained high N and moderate P concentrations. Dissolved organic C and metal concentrations were generally very low.

Purpose: To study the effects of intra-vitreal injection of ranibizumab on pattern electroretinogram (PERG) and multifocal electroretinogram(MF-ERG) parameters in choroidal neovascularization and to test the retinal toxicity of ranibizumab. Method: Fifty eyes of 50 patients with subfoveal choroidal neovascularization were included in the study. Thirty (30) eyes had neovascular age related macular degeneration (nAMD) and 20 eyes had myopic choroidal neovascularization. Ranibizumab was injected intravitreal monthly for3 months. Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCT) was performed at the initial and final visits. Visual acuity, Pattern and multifocal electroretinography (PERG, MFERG) were performed before and at 1,2,3,6 months after intravitreal injection. Results: There was no clinical significant reduction of parameters of either MFERG or PERG after intravitreal injection of ranibizumab. There was significant increase in visual acuity, decrease in central macular thickness ,decrease in total macular volume and improvement in the parameters of both PERG and MFERG after intravitreal injection. Conclusion: Intravitreal injection of ranibizumab is effective in treatment CNV and safe. It has no retinal toxicity since no reduction in PERG& MFERG parameters.

High rises have involved interest for engineers for as long as century. All the more along these lines, the previous thirty years have seen various structures ascending starting from the earliest stage, resisting gravity. Burj Khalifa Dubai, Taipei, Petronas twin pinnacle, Empire state building are a portion of the living instances of designing wonders. What befalls a structure when it arrives at such inconceivable statures separated from the awe that it will be, it additionally represents a gigantic measure of challenge for the auxiliary architect. Since then these structures are looked by administration stacking conditions. Two destroying powers of nature, wind and seismic tremor become truly basic for these structures. The harmony among firmness and pliability to be given turns into the controlling components to the plan of such structures. Routinely giving enough firmness against colossal burdens doesn't appear to fulfill the necessities. These structures are frequently give...

Acidic pit lakes may form in open cut mine voids that extend below the groundwater table and fill from surface and groundwater in-flows at the cessation of mining. Pit lake water quality may often be affected by acid mine drainage (AMD). Among the many remediation technologies available, sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) based bioremediation using organic wastes appears to have significant potential towards ameliorating AMD effects of elevated acidity, metal and sulphate concentrations. A microcosm experiment was carried out under controlled conditions to assess the effect of different substrate concentrations of sewage sludge on AMD bioremediation efficiency. Experimental microcosms were made of 300 mm long and 100 mm wide acrylic cores, with a total volume of 1.8 L. Four different concentrations of sewage sludge (ranging 30–120 g/L) were tested. As the sewage sludge concentration increased the bioremediation efficiency also increased reflecting the higher organic carbon concentrati...

High rises have involved interest for engineers for as long as century. All the more along these lines, the previous thirty years have seen various structures ascending starting from the earliest stage, resisting gravity. Burj Khalifa Dubai, Taipei, Petronas twin pinnacle, Empire state building are a portion of the living instances of designing wonders. What befalls a structure when it arrives at such inconceivable statures separated from the awe that it will be, it additionally represents a gigantic measure of challenge for the auxiliary architect. Since then these structures are looked by administration stacking conditions. Two destroying powers of nature, wind and seismic tremor become truly basic for these structures. The harmony among firmness and pliability to be given turns into the controlling components to the plan of such structures. Routinely giving enough firmness against colossal burdens doesn't appear to fulfill the necessities. These structures are frequently given adequate pliability so as to disperse the gigantic measure of powers. In any case, there is a limit, with respect to how much malleability can be given in a structure. A fast figuring shows that the highest-level uprooting that can be securely borne by a 500 m tall structure is nearly 2m. The structure would not fall flat if its popular narrative dislodges by 2m. Use of different sorts of dampers and isolators have been utilized in disseminating this vitality. Much exploration has gone into advancement of TMDs, ATMDs, BTMDs, and seismic base isolators. Examination has additionally gone into different kind of investigations method as more vigorous powerful examination, weakling investigation, time history investigation and execution-based investigation. Here an endeavor has been made to explore the near benefits and negative marks of various sorts of auxiliary arrangements to comprehend their conduct under seismic and wind loads. The structure considered is of 50 stories. Different designs that have been considered incorporates propped frameworks, shear divider frameworks, dampers and isolators. The investigations results have been organized and plotted to comprehend their conduct. Time history examination and execution-based investigation by sucker investigation have additionally been concentrated to comprehend the conduct of structures.