- Work on host-parasite interactions, biodiversity and zoonotic diseases (interface wildlife and humans) Ongoing proje... moreWork on host-parasite interactions, biodiversity and zoonotic diseases (interface wildlife and humans)
Ongoing projects in Southeast Asia on
"Global changes, biodiversity and Health"
see: www.ceropath.orgedit
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Extensive field surveys of rodents were conducted in Cambodia from 2008 to 2014 to study the diversity and ecology of helminth infection in wild rodent populations. Gastrointestinal helminths were isolated from 14 species of rodents (569... more
Extensive field surveys of rodents were conducted in Cambodia from 2008 to 2014 to study the diversity and ecology of helminth infection in wild rodent populations. Gastrointestinal helminths were isolated from 14 species of rodents (569 individuals) trapped from different habitats (forest, dry land, rain-fed land and human settlements) in four provinces of Cambodia (Krong Preah Sihanouk, Mondolkiri, Pursat and Steung Treng). The average prevalence of parasitic infection was 58.5% (range, 16.0–64.7%), and 19 helminth taxa were identified in total. Trichostrongylid nematodes were the most prevalent (25.8%), followed byRaillietinasp. (14.1%),Gongylonema neoplasticum(10.7%),Syphacia muris(9.8%) andHymenolepis diminuta(9.6%). Potential rodent-borne zoonotic helminths were also identified, and the risks of helminthiasis were discussed. The status of helminth infection and species diversity in rodents from settlements were significantly lower than in rodents from forest and peri-domesticated habitats, which indicates that habitat alteration might affect helminth infection and diversity in rodent hosts. Generalized linear models revealed that host attributes (host species and maturity) and environmental factors (habitat and geographical location) were explanatory variables for helminth infection in these rodents. Using network analyses, we showed that the oriental house rat,Rattus tanezumi, was the most central host in the rodent–helminth assemblage, based on the number of helminth taxa it shared with other rodent species. Therefore,R. tanezumicould play an important role in rodent–helminth interactions and helminth transmission to other rodent hosts.
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International audienceLittle is known about leptospirosis prevention at the community level in Thailand. In this study we aimed to investigate knowledge and practices of study subjects comprising, leptospirosis patients, their neighbors,... more
International audienceLittle is known about leptospirosis prevention at the community level in Thailand. In this study we aimed to investigate knowledge and practices of study subjects comprising, leptospirosis patients, their neighbors, village health volunteers and community leaders regarding leptospirosis prevention and control in Maha Sarakham Province, Thailand, in order to inform a leptospirosis prevention and control program in the study province. Study subjects were chosen purposely and were interviewed following a structured form asking about knowledge and leptospirosis preventive practices. The results of interviews were then summarized and compared using ANOVA and independent-samples t-tests. A total of 167 patients, 325 neighbors, 320 community leaders and 480 village health volunteers were included in the study. The percentages of patients, neighbors, community leaders and village health volunteers who were male were 78.4%, 33.5%, 78.8% and 22.9%, respectively. The mean...
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Prod 2017-108 EA BIOmE CT ? INRANational audienceQuand l'écologie pose son diagnostic. L'actualité nous le rappelle sans cesse : les maladies comme le paludisme, le Sida, ébola ou zika sont difficiles à combattre, et les maladies... more
Prod 2017-108 EA BIOmE CT ? INRANational audienceQuand l'écologie pose son diagnostic. L'actualité nous le rappelle sans cesse : les maladies comme le paludisme, le Sida, ébola ou zika sont difficiles à combattre, et les maladies chroniques de type cancer, diabète ou maladies cardio-vasculaires toujours plus meurtrières. Pour la première fois de son histoire, l'humanité voit même son espérance de vie diminuer. Pour comprendre les raisons de cette crise sanitaire, l'écologie scientifique pose un autre regard sur la santé qui prend en considération les transformations de l'environnement et l'évolution de nos modes de vie. Cette nouvelle approche évolutive et écologique des problèmes de santé tente d'élucider les mécanismes en jeu dans la transmission et l'émergence de nouveaux pathogènes, mais aussi dans la résistance toujours croissante aux antibiotiques. Elle permet de mesurer l'effet des facteurs environnementaux sur la santé : concentration urba...
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Species of Cryptosporidium are ubiquitous parasites capable of infecting numerous animal species and humans. Wild rodents are naturally infected by Cryptosporidium via contaminated environment. In order to examine the prevalence of... more
Species of Cryptosporidium are ubiquitous parasites capable of infecting numerous animal species and humans. Wild rodents are naturally infected by Cryptosporidium via contaminated environment. In order to examine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium in wild rodents in Thailand and understand the potential role played by rodents in transmission, 117 fecal samples obtained from trapped rodents from Nan, Songkhla, and Tak provinces of Thailand were examined using 18S RNA gene for a PCR screening test. The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. was 23.1 % (27/117) and, after sequencing, classified as Cryptosporidium meleagridis C. parvum, C. suis, C. viatorum and C. wrairi. Seven rodent species from a total of 15 species showed infection: Rattus tanezumi, R. exulans, R. andamanensis, Berylmys bowersi, Bandicota indica, Maxomys surifer, and Niviventer fulvescens with Niviventer fulvescens (1/1 specimen infected). Rodents from Nan province was highly infected (34.8%, 8/23) compared to those from Tak (20.6%, 7/34) and Songkhla (20%, 12/60). Cryptosporidium spp prevalence varied according to habitat types where rodents were trapped: rice field (33.3%, 5/15), plantation/orchad (29.6%, 8/27), forest (25%, 9/36) and house (14.7%, 5/34). Cryptosporidium genotypes' diversity was found correlated with the diversity of rodents. These results suggest that small mammals, and particularly rodents, might play a potential role as carriers and reservoirs for Cryptosporidium transmission among animals as well as to humans
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The Rockefeller Foundation/Lancet Commission report on planetary health (2015) shows how improving human health has been primarily done to the detriment of the environment. The report highlights that global environmental change (including... more
The Rockefeller Foundation/Lancet Commission report on planetary health (2015) shows how improving human health has been primarily done to the detriment of the environment. The report highlights that global environmental change (including climate change, deforestation, land use change and loss of biodiversity) is a serious threat to human health. It proposes adopting the concept of planetary health, which is based on recognizing that human health depends on natural systems functioning properly. However, upon first inspection, the definitions of health and biodiversity do not show clear links between the two.
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As we have seen, there are many definitions of health and even the One Health approach calls on us to abandon a strictly anthropocentric vision of health in order to consider that health and human well-being depend on the health of all... more
As we have seen, there are many definitions of health and even the One Health approach calls on us to abandon a strictly anthropocentric vision of health in order to consider that health and human well-being depend on the health of all living things and that of the environment in general. Far from being restrictive, this approach calls for a much broader approach to health than just human health.
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Biodiversite et sante comble le fosse entre l’ecologie de la sante et les concepts issus des initiatives internationales comme EcoHealth, One Health ou Planetary Health. La biodiversite et la sante offrent une occasion unique de montrer... more
Biodiversite et sante comble le fosse entre l’ecologie de la sante et les concepts issus des initiatives internationales comme EcoHealth, One Health ou Planetary Health. La biodiversite et la sante offrent une occasion unique de montrer comment les sciences ecologiques, les sciences de l’environnement, les sciences medicales et les sciences sociales peuvent contribuer a ameliorer la sante et le bien-etre humains en preservant la biodiversite et ses services rendus aux societes. Cet ouvrage offre un apercu general et integre des disciplines scientifiques contribuant a lier la sante a la biodiversite : de l’ecologie evolutive des maladies infectieuses et non infectieuses a l’ethique, au droit, et aux politiques publiques.
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Biodiversity is often presented as an essential source of pharmaceutical drugs and molecules in the agrochemical industry. The total number of natural plant products was estimated to be more than 500,000 by Mendelsohn and Balick with only... more
Biodiversity is often presented as an essential source of pharmaceutical drugs and molecules in the agrochemical industry. The total number of natural plant products was estimated to be more than 500,000 by Mendelsohn and Balick with only 5,000 species of plants studied for their medical properties out of an estimated 350,000 to 400,000 species. The systematic search for natural products in bacterial microorganisms and filamentous fungi was subsequent to the development of penicillin and the golden age of antibiotic discovery.
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The burden of infectious diseases decreased significantly throughout the 19th Century. Thus, despite increasing trends in the emergence of new infectious diseases in recent decades, their impact in terms of human mortality or morbidity... more
The burden of infectious diseases decreased significantly throughout the 19th Century. Thus, despite increasing trends in the emergence of new infectious diseases in recent decades, their impact in terms of human mortality or morbidity remains low in Western and developed countries. Infectious diseases, however, continue to affect populations in developing countries.
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In 2018, extensive field studies of diversity and prevalence of helminth infection in synanthropic rodents and non-rodent small mammals from public parks and citified areas in the Bangkok Metropolitan were conducted. Rattus rattus complex... more
In 2018, extensive field studies of diversity and prevalence of helminth infection in synanthropic rodents and non-rodent small mammals from public parks and citified areas in the Bangkok Metropolitan were conducted. Rattus rattus complex was the dominant small mammal in public parks. Of the 197 animals, 147 individuals were infected with one or more species of helminths, yielding an infection prevalence of 74.6%. Twenty-five species of helminths were recovered during necropsy. Pterygodermatites tani was the most prevalent (36.2%); other encountered species included Raillietina celebensis, Hydatigera taeniaformis (metacestode in liver tissue), Gongylonema neoplasticum and Hymenolepis diminuta. Different helminth assemblages infected three different host taxa, i.e. synanthropic Rattus spp., Tupaia belangeri (Northern treeshrew) and Suncus murinus (Asian house shrew). Nine species of possible zoonotic helminths were identified. The focus on synanthropic rats influenced the findings of helminth diversity by either host intrinsic or extrinsic factors. A significant positive correlation was found between host body mass and helminth species richness. Greater helminth species richness was found in rats from public parks compared with animals from citified areas (e.g. inside buildings or offices). Also, helminth species richness was negatively correlated with the proportion of post-flooding/rain-fed land. These results provide essential information for assessing the incidence of potential zoonotic health threats in Bangkok and updating research in parasite ecology.
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A new species, Demodex bandicotae sp. nov. (Acariformes: Demodecidae), is described based on adult stages from the hairy skin of the greater bandicoot rat Bandicota indica (Bechstein, 1800), collected in Lao People’s Democratic Republic... more
A new species, Demodex bandicotae sp. nov. (Acariformes: Demodecidae), is described based on adult stages from the hairy skin of the greater bandicoot rat Bandicota indica (Bechstein, 1800), collected in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Laos). Parasites were noted in 41.7% of bandicoot rats, with a mean intensity of 5.6 parasites in the tested skin fragments of the host. This is the first report on Demodecidae mites in rodents of the genus Bandicota Gray, 1873. A checklist of demodecid mites in rodents worldwide is also provided.
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The gastrointestinal helminth parasites of 170 common wallaroos or euros, Osphranter robustus (Gould), collected from all mainland states in which the species occurs as well as the Northern Territory, are presented, including previously... more
The gastrointestinal helminth parasites of 170 common wallaroos or euros, Osphranter robustus (Gould), collected from all mainland states in which the species occurs as well as the Northern Territory, are presented, including previously published data. A total of 65 species of helminths were encountered, including four species of anoplocephalid cestodes found in the bile ducts and small intestine, and 61 species of strongylid nematodes, all but two of which occurring in the stomach, and with the remainder occurring in the terminal ileum, caecum and colon. Among the mainland subspecies of O. robustus, 52 species of helminths were encountered in O. r. robustus, compared with 30 species in O. r. woodwardi and 35 species in O. r. erubescens. Of the parasite species encountered, only 17 were specific to O. robustus, the remaining being shared with sympatric host species. Host-specific species or species occurring in O. robustus at a high prevalence can be classified as follows: widely di...
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: This chapter is not intended to be a summary of all the studies that exist on ethics, and even less is it intended to be a crash course on ethics in biodiversity and health. Instead, our aim is to open some avenues for reflection on the... more
: This chapter is not intended to be a summary of all the studies that exist on ethics, and even less is it intended to be a crash course on ethics in biodiversity and health. Instead, our aim is to open some avenues for reflection on the ethical implications of research in biodiversity and health. Recent health crises, such as the Ebola epidemic in West Africa, have often led to ethical debates when it comes to health interventions in times of crisis. These interventions tend to rely on forced quarantine or use of new vaccines that have not yet been registered or, for veterinary sanitary crises, on mass slaughter of infected and non-infected domestic or wild animals that are promulgated as a measure to eradicate infectious diseases. On the other hand, calls for “bioethics” or a “global health ethic” are not necessarily unanimous among ethicists.
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The project Pathogen Diversity in Southeast Asia (PathoDivSEA) supported by the Agence Francaise de Developpement (AFD) and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS – French National Centre for Scientific Research) aimed to... more
The project Pathogen Diversity in Southeast Asia (PathoDivSEA) supported by the Agence Francaise de Developpement (AFD) and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS – French National Centre for Scientific Research) aimed to investigate and share information through a research network on the diversity of zoonotic pathogens and parasites that can inflict public health hazards on the indigenous human populations in the SEA environments. The project had the ambition to develop and apply new tools to study the diversity of zoonotic pathogens and their transmission within the fast-changing environments of the region. The applications are crucial not only for the diagnosis of human infectious diseases but also for the identification of pathogens in animals and as means of conservation. Our aim is to acknowledge the results and advancements, in barcoding, biobanking and e-banking, as well as to underline the challenges that remain to be tackled within the PathoDivSEA network or with the help of other partners.
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Research Interests: Parasitology, Biology, Ecology, Parasite, ÉVolution, and 3 moreBiodiversité, Parasitologie, and hôte
Congeneric monogeneans parasitizing fish gills exhibit narrow niches. They often exhibit strict host specificity and microhabitat segregation. A likely explanation is thatthis enhances mating opportunities, which is supported by the... more
Congeneric monogeneans parasitizing fish gills exhibit narrow niches. They often exhibit strict host specificity and microhabitat segregation. A likely explanation is thatthis enhances mating opportunities, which is supported by the observation that species coexisting on the same host showed a high level of intraspecific aggregations compared to interspecific aggregations. Congeneric monogeneans with morphologically similar attachment organs have similar microhabitat requirements and often overlap on fish gills, which suggests that interspecific competition is not a limiting factor in the morphological diversification of the attachment organs. However, these congeneric species that overlap in their niches differ in the morphology of their copulatory organs, which reinforces their reproductive isolation. Species coexistence and species diversity in monogeneans is facilitated by pre-zygotic isolation.
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Na zakladě soucasných znalosti neni pochyb, že monogenea představuji perspektivni biologický model.
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On selecting a constituent part of MU the "Overview of publishing activities" page will be displayed with information relevant to the selected constituent part. The "Overview of publishing activities" page is not... more
On selecting a constituent part of MU the "Overview of publishing activities" page will be displayed with information relevant to the selected constituent part. The "Overview of publishing activities" page is not available for non-activated items. ... Coexistence of congeneric monogenean species: morphological similarity, niche separation and reinforcement of reproductive bariers. ... Coexistence of congeneric monogenean species: morphological similarity, niche separation and reinforcement of reproductive bariers. ... ŠIMKOVÁ, Andrea - GELNAR, ...
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A report from a workshop organized by the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services on biodiversity and pandemics examined the scientific evidence on the origin of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other... more
A report from a workshop organized by the Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services on biodiversity and pandemics examined the scientific evidence on the origin of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other emerging zoonotic diseases. Here, we reflect upon the report’s findings regarding how several important global initiatives are tackling the problems of preventing the emergence of zoonotic diseases by using the One Health approach.
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The study of wildlife-livestock interfaces has long suffered from the sealing among the different agricultural—including veterinary—and environmental sectors and the lack of multidisciplinary approaches. Following the SARS-CoV-1,... more
The study of wildlife-livestock interfaces has long suffered from the sealing among the different agricultural—including veterinary—and environmental sectors and the lack of multidisciplinary approaches. Following the SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, and H5N1 crisis, bridges have been developed between sectors and different disciplines, especially between the fields of epidemiology and ecology and, more recently, molecular biology and social sciences. Today wildlife-livestock interfaces benefit from an increased attention by biologists and epidemiologists who have developed dedicated approaches for their characterization. These approaches combine behavioural studies on both domestic and wild species; major technological advances in molecular techniques; and the use of social sciences to capture local knowledge on agricultural practices and wildlife behaviour. In this chapter, we further define wildlife-livestock interfaces and review the different approaches that have been developed to characterise them in terms of frequency and intensity of contacts between hosts. Then we provide case studies in the context of disease ecology illustrating how the characterisation of the wildlife-livestock interface can feed disease ecology studies and guide surveillance and control of infectious diseases. Finally, we argue for a dedicated field focusing on wildlife-livestock interfaces that have particular characteristics and implications in disease ecology
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Abstract: The 1968 UNESCO Biosphere Conference (in partnership with the FAO, WHO and the UN) was the first intergovernmental conference to consider both human and health ecology from a scientific point of view. Thus, it has a leading role... more
Abstract: The 1968 UNESCO Biosphere Conference (in partnership with the FAO, WHO and the UN) was the first intergovernmental conference to consider both human and health ecology from a scientific point of view. Thus, it has a leading role in addressing health issues related to ecological diversity on a global scale. It insists on the need for integrated, planned, multidisciplinary policy action for the use and conservation of natural resources within the framework of international cooperation.
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Le changement climatique affecte l'ecologie de la transmission d'un certain nombre d'agents de maladies infectieuses. L'environnement epidemiologique se modifie donc, mais comment ? Quelles pourraient en etre les... more
Le changement climatique affecte l'ecologie de la transmission d'un certain nombre d'agents de maladies infectieuses. L'environnement epidemiologique se modifie donc, mais comment ? Quelles pourraient en etre les consequences pour la sante des humains ? Celles-ci dependront largement d'une part des conditions socio-economiques des populations, des systemes de soins et de l'efficience des politiques de sante publique et d'autre part, des cadres juridique et ethique a construire a la jonction des questions de sante humaine, de sante animale et d'environnement. (Resume d'auteur)
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Network metric for host-parasites communities, based on adjacency matrices, divided into all parasites (ALL), facultative parasites only (FAC). and obligatory parasites only (OPC). <strong>network :</strong> unique network... more
Network metric for host-parasites communities, based on adjacency matrices, divided into all parasites (ALL), facultative parasites only (FAC). and obligatory parasites only (OPC). <strong>network :</strong> unique network identifier (community number, parasite type, host type)<br><strong>connectance :</strong> number of infections / community richness<br><strong>size :</strong> total richness of the community (hosts + parasites)<br><strong>parasites :</strong> number of parasites<br><strong>hosts :</strong> number of hosts<br><strong>nestedness :</strong> NODF measure of nestedness<br><strong>average_host_range :</strong> mean host range, measured using the RR metric - values closer to 0 indicate generality<br><strong>number_modules :</strong> number of community modules found<br><strong>modularity :</strong> Qbip modularity, optimized using the LP-BRIM method<br><strong>null_nestedness :</strong> average NODF of 1000 null replicates<br><strong>nestedness_pvalue</strong> : significancy of the deviation between null and empirical nestedness values<br><strong>null_modularity :</strong> average Qbip of 1000 null replicates<br><strong>modularity_pvalue :</strong> significancy of the deviation between null and empirical nestedness values<br><strong>null_model :</strong> type of null model, either I or II<br><strong>parasite_type :</strong> type of parasites considered (all, facultative, or obligatory)
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The human species is the most parasitized animal species, with more than 1,400 species of infectious parasites and microbes. Over 60% of these parasitic species are of zoonotic origin, meaning that they originate from other wild or... more
The human species is the most parasitized animal species, with more than 1,400 species of infectious parasites and microbes. Over 60% of these parasitic species are of zoonotic origin, meaning that they originate from other wild or domestic animals.
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Driven by the recent awareness of the magnitude of climate and environmental changes and their impact on human health, interdisciplinary approaches are increasingly being implemented to understand health inequalities and the dynamics of... more
Driven by the recent awareness of the magnitude of climate and environmental changes and their impact on human health, interdisciplinary approaches are increasingly being implemented to understand health inequalities and the dynamics of diseases. Although the availability of data is growing, researchers are facing difficulties in identifying and accessing relevant data and, above all, in using these data, resulting in a paradoxically limited use of geographical information. The GeoHealth Thai Platform project aims to promote geographical and environmental approaches in the understanding of health inequalities through the use of Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing techniques. It proposes to address the difficulties encountered by many individual researchers by: •gathering experts and researchers together during workshops, in order to define the needs and identify the barriers to be solved; •training and providing expertise to researchers for the use of Geographic Inform...
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The planet has entered a new geological era: the Anthropocene. Through its relationship with the planet, the human species has demonstrated its ability to modify major geochemical cycles, the climate and the biosphere. Human health has... more
The planet has entered a new geological era: the Anthropocene. Through its relationship with the planet, the human species has demonstrated its ability to modify major geochemical cycles, the climate and the biosphere. Human health has never been better than today, on average, thanks to improvements in public health that are associated with an increase in the wealth of nations. However, the corollary of this economic performance lies in its environmental impacts. The degradation in function of ecosystems because of agricultural intensification and widespread use of various biocides is cited as a factor that aggravates health risks. Changes and loss of biodiversity affect the epidemiological environment through the emergence or re-emergence of new infectious diseases and also non-communicable. Most ecosystems are considered to be more or less degraded, which increases insecurity and conflict. Human well-being is clearly dependent on good social relationships that are reflected in cog...
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The need to integrate insights from both natural and social sciences, to deal with complex interactions from the global to the local level has been affirmed in different arenas from the Millenium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) to the IPBES... more
The need to integrate insights from both natural and social sciences, to deal with complex interactions from the global to the local level has been affirmed in different arenas from the Millenium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) to the IPBES (2013). The need for integrative studies seems particularly relevant when it comes to understand the numerous and intertwined relationships between health and the environment. The insights of the local communities for daily local observations or to point sudden changes can be precious both for scientists and policy-makers. In Southeast Asia, hotspot of biodiversity and of emerging infectious diseases, policies having an impact on the environment could have unpredicted effects on the dynamic of zoonotic diseases. Community Health Impact Assessment in Thailand and participatory approaches appear appropriate tools for the elaboration of policies considering the indirect effects on zoonotic diseases.