Chiara Zazzaro

International audienceThe operation of “urban archaeology” started in Naples during the construction of metro lines 1 and 6 has been a unique opportunity to investigate the coastal landscape facing the ancient town. In 2004, the harbor basin and the remains of three boats (Naples A-C) dating to the imperial era have been investigated in the Municipio station shaft. Between 2013 and 2015, the investigations for the line 6 station shaft has clarified the situation of the shoreline overlooking the harbor basin, while the investigation into the junction zone between the station shafts and the Stazione Marittima (area 4) led to the discovery of four new wrecks dating between the Republican era and the Empire (Naples E-H). The communication presents the preliminary results of archaeological excavation, documentation and recovery of these new wrecks.L’operazione di “archeologia urbana” avviata a Napoli nell’ambito dei lavori per la realizzazione delle linee 1 e 6 della Metropolitana si è r...

International audienceL’importante opération d’archéologie urbaine entreprise à Naples pour la construction des lignes 1 et 6 de la métropolitaine a constitué une occasion rare et unique pour la connaissance du paysage côtier de la ville antique. L’équipe d’archéologues, dirigés par Mme Daniela Giampaola de la Surintendance archéologique de Naples, ont étudiés entre 2000 et 2015 sur le chantier de la Place Municipio une importante portion du bassin portuaire d’époque hellénistique et romaine jusqu’à son comblement à l’Antiquité tardive et à ses transformations à partir du Moyen Age.Outre les infrastructures portuaires, sept épaves datées entre l’époque hellénistique et l’époque impériale ont été mises au jour. Conservées de façon très variée, elles nous renseignent sur des types de bateaux inédits, parfois liés à l’activité portuaire.Mais les recherches dans le port antique de Naples ont également restitués un nombre relativement important d’objets liés à la navigation (ancres en bois et en pierre, pièces d’accastillage et de gréement des navires, outils liés au travail des charpentiers de marine). Dans une position de remploi, des éléments très rares propres à la propulsion (rames, rames-gouvernails et petits mâts) ont ainsi été trouvés.Ce sont ces objets les plus significatifs liés à la navigation que nous entendons présenter dans cette communication

L’operazione di “archeologia urbana” avviata a Napoli nell’ambito dei lavori per la realizzazione delle linee 1 e 6 della Metropolitana si e rivelata un’occasione irripetibile di conoscenza del paesaggio costiero antistante il nucleo piu antico della citta. Nel 2004, nel pozzo di stazione a piazza Municipio, sono stati indagati un settore del bacino portuale e i resti di tre imbarcazioni d’epoca imperiale (Napoli A-C). Tra il 2013 e il 2015, l’esplorazione per il pozzo di stazione della linea 6 ha permesso di chiarire la situazione del litorale prospiciente il bacino portuale, mentre l’indagine nella zona di raccordo tra i pozzi di stazione e l’attuale Stazione Marittima (area 4) ha portato al rinvenimento di quattro nuovi relitti databili tra l’epoca repubblicana e l’impero (Napoli E-H). La comunicazione presenta le operazioni di scavo archeologico, documentazione e recupero di questi nuovi relitti.

In September 2015 a team of the Saudi Commission for Tourism and National Heritage and of the Università di Napoli „L'Orientale“ started an underwater survey in the area comprised between Yanbu and Umm Lajj on the Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia. The main focus of the survey was to identify the location of an 18 century merchantman wrecked at a reef to the north of Umm Lajj, off the Saudi coast. The wreckage area extends about 40 m in length and 12 m in width. Parts of the hull and of the cargo are exposed and are clearly visible. The presumed stern area is characterised by the presence of a large mound of around one thousand jars. Surveying methods included the use of video recording and 3D reconstruction methods. Meanwhile, handmade measurements and drawings have been used for small objects, such as single pottery artefacts and isolated elements of the hull. A 3D survey of the wreckage area has been conducted by simply using an underwater camera. The images have been processed w...

This research was conducted as part of the MARES Project, a three-year programme investigating the maritime past and heritage of the Red Sea and Arabian-Persian Gulf. MARES is based at the Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies of the University of Exeter (http://projects.exeter.ac.uk/mares). The programme is generously funded by the Golden Web Foundation, an educational charity registered in the UK (www.goldenweb.org). Thanks are also due to the Seven Pillars of Wisdom Trust, which provided additional financial support for the fieldwork. In addition, the MARES team would like to thank the following people for their assistance: Dr Abdulla M. Bawazir, President of Yemen’s General Organisation of Antiquities and Museums (GOAM); Dr Muhammad Taha al- Asbahi, General Director of Antiquities at GOAM; Dr Raja Batawil, head of GOAM in Aden; our GOAM-appointed field companion, Salah al-Mansuri; Mr. Hasan Saleh Shihab; Emily Allardyce, Fuad Mazid al-Matairi and their colleagues at the British ...

The Red Sea is a very diversified maritime cultural space, main differences are among the northern and the southern part of this sea. Maritime cultural variations are seen particularly in the different systems of adaptation to the various environments: in the type of settlements, boat construction and navigation techniques. Being located in between two wide and important maritime cultural areas — the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean — maritime traditions in the Red Sea have been strongly influenced or modified by other maritime cultures. Changes are particularly evident in boat technology: in the transitions from one technique of boat construction to another, from one system of propulsion to another, from the use of certain materials of construction to others, or in the adoption of new hull shapes and new decorative elements. The identification of elements of continuity and tradition in the various expressions of maritime culture in the Red Sea, and particularly in boat technology...

This volume presents an updated vision of Indo-Roman trade that is focused around two themes: the organisation of the Red Sea’s trade ports and the Roman taxation system in that region. It is a historical and historiographical account that concisely approaches these two themes through an interdisciplinary, longue durée perspective. N. analytically reviews written, archaeological and environmental sources. His analysis outlines the life and functioning of the Red Sea ports. It also demonstrates how the dynamics of Indo-Roman trade in this region were consistently maintained between the first century BC and the fourth century AD. The text includes citations of classical sources reported in their original formats or translated and included as brief summaries at the end of each chapter. In the first part of the book N. distinguishes between two main historical phases of Roman presence in the Red Sea. The earlier phase involved the Roman conquest of Egypt (30 BC), the consolidation of Myos Hormos and Berenike as key ports of the Red Sea, the development of infrastructure connecting the ports to the Valley and the rising of Coptos’ role in triangulating the commercial flow from the Red Sea ports to Alexandria. In his analysis of this period N. critically takes various sources into consideration. For example, he stresses the fact that ostraka from the Nikanor archive give information about commercial flows that contradicts literary sources, and that archaeological data are crucial for the correct interpretation of discordant information from various texts. N. characterises the second phase by infrastructural changes and political expansion: Trajan’s inclusion of the Nabatean kingdom (AD 106), the excavation of a canal connecting the Red Sea to the Nile, and the expansion of a certain level of control to the peripheral regions, as suggested by two epigraphs attesting the presence of a detachment of the Legio Traina Fortis at the Farasan islands (AD 143–144). According to N., this military presence, 1000 km to the south of the Province, was to protect trade from piracy, in addition to possibly aiming to expand trade further. Another component of N.’s analysis of this phase is the organisation of trade and the system of taxation in the provinces in such a way that commercial flow would pass through only one town so as to improve control over trade and expedite taxation operations. The second part of the book concerns the Roman presence in the Red Sea during the late-antique period (fourth–sixth centuries AD). N. notes the earlier tetrarchical phase, which sees a reinforcement of security in the region, the phase when Anastasio I restored Roman authority in Arabia and then the phase when Justin I and Justinian I strengthened the relationship with Aksumites in the southern Red Sea. According to N., the authority’s approach in the fourth to sixth centuries is more explicit and invasive than that in the first and second centuries, but the general strategy is consistent with the earlier period: to establish firm Imperial gates through which products would have to pass and to maintain a certain degree of control in the Red Sea by reinforcing the Roman presence in the two extremities (the North and the South). In fact, during the fourth to sixth centuries AD, the decline of intermediary ports such as Myos Hormos and Leuke Kome was followed by the debut of Clysma, Aila and Iotabe to the North. THE CLASSICAL REVIEW 246

The site of Adulis, hub of the Mediterranean- Indian Ocean trade, is located on the western shore of the gulf of Zula, circa 5km from the coast. According to literary sources the town was served by landing places and harbours dislocated on the western coast of the gulf of Zula and on the islands.

The site of Mersa/Wadi Gawasis (Egyptian Red Sea Coast) has been identified as the pharaonic harbor šU+A722ww, which was used for sea-faring expeditions during the Middle Kingdom. The excavations recovered, among others, many shipping related objects (such as ship timber and anchors). Perhaps the most remarkable find, however, and unprecedented in the Egyptian archaeology is the cave in which shipping ropes are stored. Here, we present the analysis and offer suggestions for the function of these ropes.

ABSTRACT An archaeological survey of Saudi Arabia's Farasan Islands in May 2010 recorded a broad range of sites that have not previously been documented. The survey concentrated on Greater Farasan and Segid islands, and comprised a rapid recording of sites shown to the authors by representatives of the Saudi Commission for Tourism and Antiquities. The sites were photographed, their positions logged, sketch drawings made of the principal features and surface pottery drawn and photographed. Detailed drawings were made of a stone anchor and a well with possible Ancient South Arabian carved decoration. The sites visited included settlements, wells, cemeteries and a cave. Several sites included the remains of buildings made of massive ashlar blocks, as well as others of rubble-stone construction. Datable material at the sites points to several periods of occupation, from the early first millennium BC to early modern times. Some locations were characterised by long periods of settlement. Apart from the findings of this survey, most of the sites remain largely uninvestigated, and suggest significant potential for future research into settlement on the archipelago, as well as into past maritime activity and technology in the southern Red Sea region and beyond.

The Eritrean coastal site of Adulis has been known to archaeologists since the second half of the 19th century. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Italian archaeologist Roberto Paribeni conducted extensive excavations in different areas of the site which uncovered the remains of monumental buildings, churches and houses, as well as rich deposits of related material culture. Since then, archaeological investigations have been limited to the activities of Francis Anfray in 1961–62 and to a survey conducted by the University of Southampton in 2003–04. Our team’s first excavations in stratified deposits began in 2011, and soon revealed a complex chronological sequence of great importance for the understanding of the cultural history of the southern Red Sea region and the Horn of Africa. The project’s main efforts were directed towards the identification of the main phases of occupation at Adulis, the establishment of a typological sequence of pottery, and the analysis of architec...

For at least seven centuries Adulis has regulated the maritime trade of the people of the Northern Horn of Africa with the Mediterranean and India, first as main market for the people of the region and later on – at least from the late fourth and fifth centuries AD onwards – as a port also for transhipping goods from India to the Mediterranean. Its main role in the trade dynamics of the southern Red Sea and in the region has been assessed by recent and previous surveys and excavations, but the anchorage, landing facilities and port structures have not yet been found. Another aspect, relevant for outlining the maritime vocation of Adulis and its inhabitants, is its “fleet”, the existence of which is mentioned in the Martyrium Sancti Arethae and suggested by other sources but no traces of the ship remains, iconography or ship-related equipment has been found so far.

The Eritrean coastal site of Adulis has been known to archaeologists since the second half of the 19th century. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Italian archaeologist Roberto Paribeni conducted extensive excavations in different areas of the site which uncovered the remains of monumental buildings, churches and houses, as well as rich deposits of related material culture. Since then, archaeological investigations have been limited to the activities of Francis Anfray in 1961–62 and to a survey conducted by the University of Southampton in 2003–04. Our team’s first excavations in stratified deposits began in 2011, and soon revealed a complex chronological sequence of great importance for the understanding of the cultural history of the southern Red Sea region and the Horn of Africa. The project’s main efforts were directed towards the identification of the main phases of occupation at Adulis, the establishment of a typological sequence of pottery, and the analysis of architectural change.

Advanced and low-cost 3D technologies (Laser Scanner and Digital Photogrammetry) are nowadays widely used in several fields such as Cultural Heritage and Archaeology. In this paper a collaborative project between the Archaeological Park of Herculaneum, the CISA (Interdepartmental Services Centre for Archaeology) and the DAAM (Department of Asia, Africa and Mediterranean Studies) of the University "L'Orientale" of Naples is presented. Aim of the project was to find a solution to study the Roman boat discovered in the ancient city of Herculaneum and destroyed by the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 A.D., without altering its state of preservation. Different digital survey techniques were employed to compare different types of sensors. The goal was to obtain an accurate definition of the construction characteristics of the boat thanks to the data fusion.

In December 2006-January 2007 the Archaeological Expedition of the University of Naples “l'Orientale”(UNO), Naples, and Italian Institute for Africa and Orient (IsIAO), Rome, in collaboration with Boston University (BU), Boston (USA) conducted the sixth field season at the site of Mersa/Wadi Gawasis, 23 km to the south of the modern port of Safaga, Egypt, under the direction of Prof. Rodolfo Fattovich (UNO/IsIAO), and Prof. Kathryn A. Bard (BU). 1 The team in the field included Italian, American, Egyptian, German, Dutch, Austrian, ...

... (20) L. Casson, lhe Periplus Maris Erytraei, Princeton, 1989, 6:3.3-4. (21) BBB Mapunda, Patching Up Evidence for Ironworking in the Horn, "African Ar-chaeological ... 29) M. DE' SPAGNOLIS, E. De Carolis, Museo Nazionale Romano. I Bronzi. Le Lucerne IV, 1, Roma, 1983, p. 70 ...