Yemen History

The Yemen, is the birth place and hub for a number of monotheistic religious convictions . In its North West region, just 243 kilometers away from San'aa, the official capital of the Republic of Yemen , lies a spiritual center, a holy metropolis known as Saa'da  .
It is to Zaidi Islam as Qum is to Shia Islam and Mecca is to Sunni Islam. It is where the scholars dwell, to read, learn and teach their disciples to carry on the doctrine and preserve the faith throughout history.
It is here that the Houthi phenomenon first appeared.
This study focuses on the very beginnings of Houthism as a phenomenon, it's source and affiliations. It is but the first part of a series of papers that will delve into the movement as it expands over time.

Sabeans: folk settled in central Yemen belonging to the great tribe and kingdom of Saba’ (8th century BCE – 3rd century CE). Famous for the likely fictitious character of the Queen of Saba’, this kingdom established itself as one of the great power of pre-Islamic Arabia.

The study aims to analyze the various aspects of the agricultural thought in Yemen and its roots from the pre-islamic era till the thirteenth century (AH) \ the nineteenth century (AD), depending on some clues spread in several sources such as: the archaeological remains especially the ancient inscriptions revealed and the archaeological buildings, historical and geographical sources, and the linguistic references including the specialized glossaries dealing with the Yemeni agriculture. Furthermore, the study points out the main water resources in Yemen particularly the rain, and the way that Yemeni used to benefit from it through the dams construction and digging canals and building of reservoirs, in addition to the springs and wells. Moreover, it points out the various crops in Yemen, mentioning the places of planting of each kind of them, and highlighting the several pests that infect them, the ways followed by Yemeni to keep their crops, and the methods used in the irrigation process and agriculture. In addition, the study includes a list of what Murtaza al-Zabidi mentioned in his book “Tajj al-Araus” about: the different idioms used by Yemeni to name the plants and fruits, agriculture and tillage tools. The study based on Al-Zubaidi works for two reasons: on one hand, he visited Yemen and lived there for a period of time, and on the other hand he is the most recent one respecting to his fellows and this enabled him to gather what was written by others. Finally, the study tried to point out the most important Yemeni sources in the agriculture where most of them are still unpublished manuscripts. It has mentioned these sources and where they can be reached.

Yemen is a typically non-Arab country. However, due to colonial presence dating back to 1830s, the Orientalist fallacy of Pan-Arabism has been gradually diffused and prevailed when the supposed “revolutionaries”, imitating the Middle East’s worst failure, the idiosyncratic Nasserism, rose to power and plunged Yemen into underdevelopment, poverty, marginalization, starvation, tyranny, fratricide conflicts, and total disintegration.
First published in: http://www.fravahr.org/spip.php?article464
Sunday 31 May 2009

Ancient Yemen was inhabited by a Semitic nation whose descendants are the modern Yemenites, and the modern Abyssinians, the ruling minority of the Tigray and Amhara tribes, whose ancestors had left Yemen and settled on the Red Sea African coastland in the 1st millennium BCE. The affinities between Ancient Yemenite and Gueze (Ancient Abyssinian) are such (in both levels, linguistic and scriptural) that thanks to the latter (language of the Axumite Abyssinian Christian Liturgy) we deciphered the former.

The Arabs were located in Hedjaz, between Yemen’s northernmost confines and the southern boundaries of the Aramaean Nabataean state of Rekem (Petra) in today’s southern Jordan and NW Saudi Arabia. At the times of the Periplus of the Red Sea (second half of the 1st century CE) we know that the Arabs were nomadic, barbaric and uncivilized, if compared with the settled, cultured and highly civilized Yemenites. Under any circumstances, any element of civilization, culture, scripture and language, art and religion among the Arabs has always been diffused under Aramaean impact.
First published in: http://www.fravahr.org/spip.php?article464
Sunday 31 May 2009
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To read and download the article, go here:
https://hats21t.gumroad.com/l/slyfu
and
https://www.patreon.com/posts/yemenis-are-not-77547802

The author posted independently in his blog the answer that he gave to a viewer of a video-presentation of my article "Yemenis are Not Arab - Prof. Muhammad Shamsaddin Megalommatis". The video is uploaded in many portals; indicatively:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lpOx9xiHNGc
The author referred to me before replying and so his answer fully represents my opinion on the matter.
https://greeksoftheorient.wordpress.com/2017/04/22/if-yemenis-are-not-arab-why-did-the-romans-call-yemen-arabia-felix/

Secular arabic traditions have emphasized the potential of dreams to foretell the future.  Sometimes the prediction is seen as obvious and on other occasions elaborate systems of symbolic translations were consulted such as the tenth century Oneirocriticon of Achmet.
    In Islam, many of the foundations of the Koran were revealed to Muhammad in dreams. Muhammad ordered the practice of adhanthe daily call to prayer from the minarets and a central ritual of Islam to this day after one of his followers dreamed of it. The split of Islam into the conflicting factions of Sunni and Shi'ite was based partly on a dream of Mohammed, which the Sunnis used to justify their rights as his successors.
    The autobiographies of Muslim rulers often contain extensive dream diaries and examples of decisions obstensibly based on dreams.  When the Shah of Iran was deciding whether to seek a loan from Russia, he dreamed that a famous theological figure dressed in primitive Muslim garb approached the Shah and threw at his feet a sack containing gold and silver.  The interpretation of this dream was that the Shah shouldn't make any new loans with unbelievers but should trust that fellow servants of the faith would restore his finances. Sadam Hussein reported dreaming that Allah told him to enter and take back Kuwait just before the first Gulf War. Before the second Gulf War, he reported a dream that a snake came upon his path but he chopped off it’s head with a sword which he interpreted to mean western invaders would be vanquished.
    Because of this emphasis on dreams as foretelling the future rather than arising from the past, Arabs who are having PTSD nightmares of an event occurring each night--such as Kuwiati survivors of the Iraqi invasion or Iraqi survivors of the American invasion--experience even more anxiety over whether this will indeed occur again than dreamers in other cultures.
    The positive side to this emphasis on dreams foretelling the future happens when oppressed people dream of positive outcomes.  These are a source of much inspiration in arab society, while in western traditions they would be dismissed as "wish fulfillment" without the beneficial impact.
    We  collected dreams associated with events of the Arab Spring and discuss how they inspired and guided those taking part, and what dreams right now may have to offer the reshaping of the Arab world.

In the years ahead, Yemen may have another chance of progress and radiation. This will happen only if the Yemenites assess better their non-Arab history and identity. Yemen should join other Eastern African countries in an economic, political, and cultural union, closing the door to the fictitious Arab world.
First published in Buzzle on 4th August 2005
www.buzzle.com/editorials/8-4-2005-74197.asp
Republished: http://phoenicia.org/imgs/YemenAfricaArabWorld.pdf

In an earlier article published under the title ‘Devastating HRW Report on Yemen Reveals Need for Instant Secession of the South’
(http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/view/133889), I republished part of the enlightening HRW Report on South Yemen, namely the Contents, the Summary, and the Recommendations. In the present article, I republish further parts, notably the Methodology and the Background, including however again the Contents in order to offer a brief overview to readers. At the end, the notes to the aforementioned parts are made available.

Although the Report focuses on violations of Human Rights in occupied South Yemen, a brief historical background is added (that I integrally republish herewith). The background’s largest part is dedicated to the mechanisms of control and oppression, and to Yemenite politics after the forced unification. Yet, two paragraphs are included for the description of Yemenite History’s earlier phases. The over-generalizations, misconceptions, oversights and inaccuracies found therein reveal the epicenter of the problem that lies in the false representation of the historical reality by the Anglo-French academia.

Only because of the Orientalist fallacies and their totalitarian imposition throughout the Western academia and universities, the world’s mass media (controlled by those who generate the Orientalist fallacies) manage to be successful in their systematic work of distortion of today’s reality. With the average people misinformed and misled, the Freemasonic regimes of London, Paris and Washington face practically speaking no opposition to their shameful and Anti-Christian deeds.

I will first refute in brief the inaccuracies contained in these two paragraphs, and then proceed with the Report’s republication.
9 February 2010
http://www.afroarticles.com/article-dashboard/Article/Yemen-s-History-Distorted-to-Fit-Freemasonic-Anglo-French-Goals---HRW-Report-s-Background/199739

This paper is organized into five divisions: the first section consists of two subsections, the first looks to provide a short historical context leading up to the emergence of the, along with an overview of the key actors, internal and external, and their interests/goals/grievances. With the goal to provide an understanding of the nature of the war. The second section focuses on studying the separate instances of third-party mediation from 2007 to present day, organized into 3 phases, distinguished by mediator type: phase 1 looking at Qatar’s mediation; phase 2 looking at GCC mediation; and phase 3 looking at UN-led mediation. This section describes the capacity in which the third-party actor intervened, and scrutinizes the outcome, the actual impacts and measures the relative success. The second section looks at the why dimension, realities on the ground in Yemen that, either due to a lack of understanding, shortcomings of capability, neglect in addressing (whether as a result of conflicting interests, lack of incentive, or negative incentives), or general institutional difficulties, are posing as key challenges preventing the resolution of conflict. This section looks at two categories: the first deals with shortcomings and failures of state-building institutions of Yemen that led to the current civil conflict, and their continued deterioration having gone unaddressed by mediation efforts. The second looks at new structures prevent peace and incentivizing conflict that international efforts have contributed in developing and maintaining. Lastly, it looks at the recommendations for policy approaches looking ahead that would best address key issues.

Yemen, Osmanlı Devleti’nin uzak ama bir o kadar sorunlu toprağı olmuştur. Bölgede Birinci Dünya
Savaşı öncesinden başlayarak yerel kabilelerin mücadeleleri ile uğraşan Osmanlı Devleti savaşla birlikte
sömürgeci devletlerin hakim olmak amacıyla yaptığı işgallere direnmek zorunda kalmıştır. Birinci
Dünya Savaşı’nda Osmanlı askerinin ve Osmanlı valisi Mahmut Nedim Bey’in çabaları ile Yemen’de
İngilizler istedikleri noktalara hakim olamamışlardır. Savaş sonrasında yapılan Mondros Ateşkes Antlaşması
ile Yemen’in yönetimine hakim olan İmam Yahya, Osmanlı Devleti’nin son valisi Mahmut
Nedim’in yardımları ile günümüzdeki Yemen devletini kurmuştur. Makalemiz, Osmanlı askerinin ve
Yemen valisi Mahmut Nedim Bey’in bu mücadelelerini konu almaktadır.

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Yemen has been the most troubled and far region of the Ottoman Empire. Since the beginning of the
First World War. Form the pre war period of the First World War the Ottoman empire had struggled
with the local tribes as well as had to resist the attacts of the colonial states to rulet the region. During
the first world war with the efforts of both the Ottoman soldiers and the last Ottoman governor Mahmut
Nedim Bey the British couldn’t succeed in controlling the parts that they wanted to rule. İmam Yahya
took control of the region with the assistance of the last Ottoman governor of Yemeni Mahmut Nedim
Bey and established the todays Yemen with the armistice treaty after the first world war. İmam Yahya
took control of the region with the assistance of the last Our paper is about the struggle of Ottoman
soldiers and the last Ottoman Governor of Yemen Mahmut Nedim Bey.

L'analyse de la variabilité des modalités opératoires des industries lithiques du Yémen connues à ce jour, au sein d'un cadre chronologique large (des origines au début de l'Histoire), permet d'affiner les connaissances de la préhistoire régionale.
L'étude se base ainsi, dans un premier temps, sur la définition des contextes, à la fois environnementaux et méthodologiques. Intervient ensuite une étude dans une région particulière, le Hadramawt, qui sert de référent solide à une dernière étape du raisonnement, laquelle s'intéresse à la place qu'a occupée l'Arabie du Sud-Ouest au cours des différentes époques de la préhistoire. À partir des témoignages les plus anciens (bifaces acheuléens et méthodes Levallois), jusqu'aux plus récents (microlithes sudarabiques), en passant par une étude approfondie des industries de l'Holocène ancien/moyen, la démonstration s'appuie sur un nombre importants de modalités de taille.
La description des techniques employées au cours du temps autorise la proposition de modèles de peuplements et d'occupations préhistoriques à travers le territoire du Yémen actuel. La découverte de plusieurs sites stratifiés permet par ailleurs de réorganiser la terminologie chronologique employée dans la région et d'ouvrir des perspectives de recherche jusque là mésestimées.

We will analyze the Soqotran model of multicultural society of the Antiquity, based on the Periplus of the Red Sea.

Completing his earlier narratives about Yemen, at the end of the description of the Hadhrami state of the ‘Frankincense bearing Country’, the Alexandrian Egyptian author of the Periplus of the Red Sea, writing around 75 CE, refers to the island of Socotra, the Island of Dioskourides as he names it (in Greek: Dioscouridou Nesos / Διοσκουρίδου Νήσος). Quite interestingly, the text does not mention at all the other islands of the Socotran Archipelago, Abd el Kuri, Samha, and Darsa.
First published in Buzzle: 22/3/2008

In the years ahead, Yemen may have another chance of progress and radiation. This will happen only if the Yemenites assess better their non-Arab history and identity. Yemen should join other Eastern African countries in an economic, political, and cultural union, closing the door to the fictitious Arab world.
First published in Buzzle on 4th August 2005
www.buzzle.com/editorials/8-4-2005-74197.asp
Republished: http://phoenicia.org/imgs/YemenAfricaArabWorld.pdf

The Vineyard and the Palm Tree. Provincial Identities and State Formation under the Rasūlid Sultanate (7-9th c. AH/13-15th c. AD)

At the end of the 14th century, some representatives of two great territories of the Rasūlid kingdom – the coastal plains of Tihāma and the mountains around Taʻizz – were opposed at the Sultan’s Court in a verse controversy about the superiority of the palm tree over the vineyard. Starting from this point, this study aims at understanding how the identity of the greatest yemeni provinces came to be summarized by their respective agricultural products, dates and grapes. Such an evolution has to be linked with the political transformations of the Yemeni land from the end of the 12th century. The unification of the kingdom was accompanied by a strong agricultural development and a deep reorganization of trade networks which enforced regional specializations during the 13-14th centuries. Tihāma’s crisis in the second half of the 14th century and the subsequent reconstruction caused a growing competition between the Yemeni provincial identities.

In the early decades of the eighteenth century, Yemen hosted a bustling community of merchants who sailed to the southern Arabian Peninsula from the east and the west, seeking and offering a range of commodities, both luxury and mundane. In Shipped but Not Sold, Nancy Um opens the chests these merchants transported to and from Yemen and examines the cargo holds of their boats to reveal the goods held within. They included eastern spices and aromatics, porcelain cups and saucers with decorations in gold from Asia, bales of coffee grown in the mountains of Yemen, Arabian horses, and a wide variety of cotton, silk, velvet, and woolen cloth from India, China, Persia, and Europe; in addition to ordinary provisions, such as food, beer, medicine, furniture, pens, paper, and wax candles. As featured in the copious records of the Dutch and English East India Companies, as well as in travel accounts and local records in Arabic, these varied goods were not just commodities intended for sale in...

The author refers to my article "Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Sudan & Algeria will soon disappear in an Arab Spring 2.0 – Why not?" and popularizes its contents in Greek.
https://greeksoftheorient.wordpress.com/2017/08/16/%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BB%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B7-%CF%87%CF%89%CF%81%CF%8E%CE%BD-%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE-%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BE%CE%B7-%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B5%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1/

“On June 18, 2004, the police arrested and temporarily detained 640 Huthi demonstrators in front of the capital’s Great Mosque. On June 20, 2004, the governor of Sada traveled to Marran District but tribesmen, possibly affiliated to Husain al-Huthi, denied him access. The same day security forces in some 18 military vehicles attempted to arrest al-Huthi, escalating the fighting into full-blown war” (Professor Megalommatis, Buzzle.com)
Should Zaidis Outside Yemen support the al Houthi bid for leadership?
The history of the Zaid Revival in Sa'ada
Sunday, August 15, 2010
http://zaidism.blogspot.com/2010/08/should-zaidis-outside-yemen-support-al.html