Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists, 2024
شهدت الحضارة الفرعونية تنوعًا في صناعة السفن طبقاً للوسط المائي الذي أبحرت فيه السفينة سواء نهر ا... more شهدت الحضارة الفرعونية تنوعًا في صناعة السفن طبقاً للوسط المائي الذي أبحرت فيه السفينة سواء نهر النيل أو البحرين الأحمر والمتوسط، بالإضافة إلى المسطحات المائية مثل البحيرات والقنوات. كان لبناة السفن خصائص خاصة في طرق ربط وتجميع ألواح المراكب، إحداها تُسمى ذيل الحمامة. على الرغم من ظهور طريقة ذيل الحمامة في الاثاث والتوابيت المصرية القديمة في العصور المبكرة، إلا أنها ظهرت لأول مرة في صناعة السفن فى الدولة الوسطى فى سفن دهشور، والتي كثر الجدل بين العلماء حول ماهية استخدام تقنية مفصلات ذيل الحمامة بالدُسرة أم بالخياطة في تلك السفن، حيث اختلفت أراء العلماء حول أصلية استخدام هذه التقنية؛ بعضهم يعتقد إن ذيل الحمامة استُخدم مع الخياطة وأن ما يوجد في الوقت الحاضر من دسُر ما هو إلا تجديد أَضيف بعد اكتشاف السفن في أوائل القرن الماضي عوضاً عن الخياطة، والبعض الأخر يعتقد أنه استُخدم مع الدسُر منذ القدم. مع مطلع القرن الحادي والعشرون، اكتشف علماء الآثار البحرية ألواح سفن تعود إلى فترة الدولة الوسطى في كهوف مرسى وادي جواسيس على ساحل البحر الأحمر، وعلى أحد هذه الألواح ظهرت نقر مفصلات ذيل الحمامة. تناقش هذه الورقة البحثية ماهية طريقة ذيل الحمامة في ربط ألواح السفن وأهميتها، وتستعرض اختلافات آراء العلماء حول استخدامها مع الخياطة أم الدسُرة، وتقديم ملاحظة الباحث التي تؤكد وتُحسم الجدل حول استخدام تلك المفصل مع الخياطة ام الدسُرة في سفن دهشور اعتماداً على مقارنتها بما ظهر في ألواح السفن من مرسى وادي جواسيس.
Ancient Egyptian civilization experienced a variety of ships designed for different bodies of water, including the Mediterranean, the Red Sea, and the Nile River, as well as lakes and canals. Shipbuilders used special fastening methods to assemble their ships, such as the use of dovetail joints. While the dovetail technique was applied in ancient Egyptian furniture and coffins, it was first observed in the Egyptian shipbuilding of Dahshur boats in the Middle Kingdom. The antiquity of dovetail joints with ligatures or tenons in Dahshur boats has long been debated by archaeologists. Thus, different theories have been presented on the originality of using dovetail mortise with ligatures or tenons. Some authors believed that it was originally used with ligatures, but tenons were modified after the boats' discovery in the early 20th century, while others argued that it was used with tenons from ancient times. In the early 21st century, archaeologists discovered the dovetail technique in a ship timber at Mersa / Wadi Gawasis on the Red Sea, dating back to the Middle Kingdom. This paper aims to explore the significance of the dovetail technique in ancient Egyptian shipbuilding, as well as the various theories on its use with tenons or ligatures. It presents the author’s analysis and observation to resolve the controversy about its use in Dahshur boats, based on a comparison with the ship timbers of Wadi Gawasis.
Throughout the Pharaonic periods, Egyptian shipbuilding witnessed various fastening methods in sh... more Throughout the Pharaonic periods, Egyptian shipbuilding witnessed various fastening methods in ships during their evolution. It was believed that Egyptian shipbuilders avoided using pegged mortise and tenon joints as a construction method in the Late Period, because of the influence and interaction with the Mediterranean. This paper aims to present a new analytical theory depending on the evidence in Wadi Gawasis, which presents the earlier use of pegs in Egypt during the Middle Kingdom. Wadi Gawasis becomes the first physical evidence for the use of this method, in the absence of earlier examples in the Mediterranean.
Journal of the General Union of Arab Archaeologists, 2024
شهدت الحضارة الفرعونية تنوعًا في صناعة السفن طبقاً للوسط المائي الذي أبحرت فيه السفينة سواء نهر ا... more شهدت الحضارة الفرعونية تنوعًا في صناعة السفن طبقاً للوسط المائي الذي أبحرت فيه السفينة سواء نهر النيل أو البحرين الأحمر والمتوسط، بالإضافة إلى المسطحات المائية مثل البحيرات والقنوات. كان لبناة السفن خصائص خاصة في طرق ربط وتجميع ألواح المراكب، إحداها تُسمى ذيل الحمامة. على الرغم من ظهور طريقة ذيل الحمامة في الاثاث والتوابيت المصرية القديمة في العصور المبكرة، إلا أنها ظهرت لأول مرة في صناعة السفن فى الدولة الوسطى فى سفن دهشور، والتي كثر الجدل بين العلماء حول ماهية استخدام تقنية مفصلات ذيل الحمامة بالدُسرة أم بالخياطة في تلك السفن، حيث اختلفت أراء العلماء حول أصلية استخدام هذه التقنية؛ بعضهم يعتقد إن ذيل الحمامة استُخدم مع الخياطة وأن ما يوجد في الوقت الحاضر من دسُر ما هو إلا تجديد أَضيف بعد اكتشاف السفن في أوائل القرن الماضي عوضاً عن الخياطة، والبعض الأخر يعتقد أنه استُخدم مع الدسُر منذ القدم. مع مطلع القرن الحادي والعشرون، اكتشف علماء الآثار البحرية ألواح سفن تعود إلى فترة الدولة الوسطى في كهوف مرسى وادي جواسيس على ساحل البحر الأحمر، وعلى أحد هذه الألواح ظهرت نقر مفصلات ذيل الحمامة. تناقش هذه الورقة البحثية ماهية طريقة ذيل الحمامة في ربط ألواح السفن وأهميتها، وتستعرض اختلافات آراء العلماء حول استخدامها مع الخياطة أم الدسُرة، وتقديم ملاحظة الباحث التي تؤكد وتُحسم الجدل حول استخدام تلك المفصل مع الخياطة ام الدسُرة في سفن دهشور اعتماداً على مقارنتها بما ظهر في ألواح السفن من مرسى وادي جواسيس.
Ancient Egyptian civilization experienced a variety of ships designed for different bodies of water, including the Mediterranean, the Red Sea, and the Nile River, as well as lakes and canals. Shipbuilders used special fastening methods to assemble their ships, such as the use of dovetail joints. While the dovetail technique was applied in ancient Egyptian furniture and coffins, it was first observed in the Egyptian shipbuilding of Dahshur boats in the Middle Kingdom. The antiquity of dovetail joints with ligatures or tenons in Dahshur boats has long been debated by archaeologists. Thus, different theories have been presented on the originality of using dovetail mortise with ligatures or tenons. Some authors believed that it was originally used with ligatures, but tenons were modified after the boats' discovery in the early 20th century, while others argued that it was used with tenons from ancient times. In the early 21st century, archaeologists discovered the dovetail technique in a ship timber at Mersa / Wadi Gawasis on the Red Sea, dating back to the Middle Kingdom. This paper aims to explore the significance of the dovetail technique in ancient Egyptian shipbuilding, as well as the various theories on its use with tenons or ligatures. It presents the author’s analysis and observation to resolve the controversy about its use in Dahshur boats, based on a comparison with the ship timbers of Wadi Gawasis.
Throughout the Pharaonic periods, Egyptian shipbuilding witnessed various fastening methods in sh... more Throughout the Pharaonic periods, Egyptian shipbuilding witnessed various fastening methods in ships during their evolution. It was believed that Egyptian shipbuilders avoided using pegged mortise and tenon joints as a construction method in the Late Period, because of the influence and interaction with the Mediterranean. This paper aims to present a new analytical theory depending on the evidence in Wadi Gawasis, which presents the earlier use of pegs in Egypt during the Middle Kingdom. Wadi Gawasis becomes the first physical evidence for the use of this method, in the absence of earlier examples in the Mediterranean.
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Papers by Marwan Mady
Ancient Egyptian civilization experienced a variety of ships designed for different bodies of water, including the Mediterranean, the Red Sea, and the Nile River, as well as lakes and canals. Shipbuilders used special fastening methods to assemble their ships, such as the use of dovetail joints. While the dovetail technique was applied in ancient Egyptian furniture and coffins, it was first observed in the Egyptian shipbuilding of Dahshur boats in the Middle Kingdom. The antiquity of dovetail joints with ligatures or tenons in Dahshur boats has long been debated by archaeologists. Thus, different theories have been presented on the originality of using dovetail mortise with ligatures or tenons. Some authors believed that it was originally used with ligatures, but tenons were modified after the boats' discovery in the early 20th century, while others argued that it was used with tenons from ancient times. In the early 21st century, archaeologists discovered the dovetail technique in a ship timber at Mersa / Wadi Gawasis on the Red Sea, dating back to the Middle Kingdom. This paper aims to explore the significance of the dovetail technique in ancient Egyptian shipbuilding, as well as the various theories on its use with tenons or ligatures. It presents the author’s analysis and observation to resolve the controversy about its use in Dahshur boats, based on a comparison with the ship timbers of Wadi Gawasis.
Ancient Egyptian civilization experienced a variety of ships designed for different bodies of water, including the Mediterranean, the Red Sea, and the Nile River, as well as lakes and canals. Shipbuilders used special fastening methods to assemble their ships, such as the use of dovetail joints. While the dovetail technique was applied in ancient Egyptian furniture and coffins, it was first observed in the Egyptian shipbuilding of Dahshur boats in the Middle Kingdom. The antiquity of dovetail joints with ligatures or tenons in Dahshur boats has long been debated by archaeologists. Thus, different theories have been presented on the originality of using dovetail mortise with ligatures or tenons. Some authors believed that it was originally used with ligatures, but tenons were modified after the boats' discovery in the early 20th century, while others argued that it was used with tenons from ancient times. In the early 21st century, archaeologists discovered the dovetail technique in a ship timber at Mersa / Wadi Gawasis on the Red Sea, dating back to the Middle Kingdom. This paper aims to explore the significance of the dovetail technique in ancient Egyptian shipbuilding, as well as the various theories on its use with tenons or ligatures. It presents the author’s analysis and observation to resolve the controversy about its use in Dahshur boats, based on a comparison with the ship timbers of Wadi Gawasis.