This research, conducted to analyze the level of food security among poor and low-income households in the east coast economic region of Malaysia, uses primary data of 460 families from the E-Kasih poor households database, based on a... more
This research, conducted to analyze the level of food security among poor and low-income households in the east coast economic region of Malaysia, uses primary data of 460 families from the E-Kasih poor households database, based on a cluster random sampling technique. Food security levels were measured using the United States Agency for International Development Household Food Insecurity Access model. Findings indicate that 52.8% of households are food secure, 23.3% mildly food insecure, 14.3% moderately food insecure, and 9.6% are severely food insecure. These findings are very important to assist policymakers to achieve Vision 2020 and the targets of Malaysian National Plans regarding food security, socioeconomic development, and the alleviation of poverty. The involvement of private sector and community-based organizations are important to combat short run, seasonal, and event-related risks, as well as for the development of appropriate mitigation and adaptation options to ensure sustainable food security at household level in Malaysia.This research, conducted to analyze the level of food security among poor and low-income households in the east coast economic region of Malaysia, uses primary data of 460 families from the E-Kasih poor households database, based on a cluster random sampling technique. Food security levels were measured using the United States Agency for International Development Household Food Insecurity Access model. Findings indicate that 52.8% of households are food secure, 23.3% mildly food insecure, 14.3% moderately food insecure, and 9.6% are severely food insecure. These findings are very important to assist policymakers to achieve Vision 2020 and the targets of Malaysian National Plans regarding food security, socioeconomic development, and the alleviation of poverty. The involvement of private sector and community-based organizations are important to combat short run, seasonal, and event-related risks, as well as for the development of appropriate mitigation and adaptation options to ensure sustainable food security at household level in Malaysia.
Research Interests:
The changing nature of climatic factors have different impacts on agriculture based on areas, periods and crops. Farmers are the most vulnerable group who are affected both directly and indirectly through climatic changes. In the study... more
The changing nature of climatic factors have different impacts on agriculture based on areas, periods and crops. Farmers are the most vulnerable group who are affected both directly and indirectly through climatic changes. In the study area in Malaysia, climatic changes have adverse impacts on farmers. Due to climatic change productivity and profitability of paddy cultivation have declined in the Integrated Agricultural Development Area, North-West Selangar. Farmers perceive that paddy cultivation is no longer profitable due to low productivity as a result of climatic changes. They now prefer part-time to full-time engagement in paddy cultivation. Heavy government subsidy and encouragement are not enough; it requires increase in productivity and profitability of paddy cultivation for making its viable and sustainable sector. All efforts of mitigation and adaptation must be pursued to counter the adverse impacts of climatic changes and increase the productivity of paddy cultivation in the area. It is observed that there is a high degree of income inequality among the paddy farmers in the study area.
Key words: Climatic Change; Income Equality, Health Hazard; Agriculture; Paddy; Malaysia
Key words: Climatic Change; Income Equality, Health Hazard; Agriculture; Paddy; Malaysia
Research Interests:
The agriculture of Malaysia is one of the most vulnerable sectors due to the rapid changes in climatic factors in Malaysia. In order to face and manage the situation, farmers are trying in various ways and government and other external... more
The agriculture of Malaysia is one of the most vulnerable sectors due to the rapid changes in climatic factors in Malaysia. In order to face and manage the situation, farmers are trying in various ways and government and other external agencies are providing several supports to adapt to these climatic vulnerabilities. Still, there is a gap between farmers’ adaptability and adverse impacts of climatic change. Here, sustainability of agriculture and relevant livelihood is strongly dependent on the external supports, and farmers also expect to increase this level. Now, the focus on farmers’ adaptability to climate change needs to go beyond the incentive and subsidy. They also need trainings, conceptual supports, and technological innovations. This study finds out the required supports that farmers need to adapt to climate change through a questionnaire survey on 198 paddy producing farmers in the area of Integrated Agricultural Development Area (IADA), North-West Selangor, Malaysia. The data of the study has been analyzed by descriptive statistics, ordered regression, percentile, and scale analysis. The findings of the study are important for the policy makers and relevant agencies.
Key words: Agricultural Productivity; Climate change; Adaptation; Paddy; Malaysia
JEL Code: C21, Q14, Q15, Q16, Q18, Q54, Q55
Key words: Agricultural Productivity; Climate change; Adaptation; Paddy; Malaysia
JEL Code: C21, Q14, Q15, Q16, Q18, Q54, Q55
Research Interests:
The climatic factors in Malaysia have been changing very rapidly affecting agricultural productivity and farmers’ sustainable livelihood. Agriculture which depends heavily on climate is becoming increasingly vulnerable to risk and... more
The climatic factors in Malaysia have been changing very rapidly affecting agricultural productivity and farmers’ sustainable livelihood. Agriculture which depends heavily on climate is becoming increasingly vulnerable to risk and uncertainty. In order to face and manage the situation farmers are trying in various ways to adapt to these climatic vulnerabilities. This study analyses paddy farmers’ perception of climatic variations and vulnerabilities and focuses on the techniques they use to adapt to the situation. It uses primary data collected through a questionnaire survey on the paddy farmers in the Integrated Agricultural Development Area (IADA), North-West Selangor in Malaysia. Through a descriptive analysis of the data, the study finds that most farmers do not have a clear perception of the climatic changes and vulnerabilities. Farmers’ adaptation practices to the climatic vulnerability are mostly based on their common sense responses. It suggests that farmers need necessary training and support from the government and international agencies to make them able to effectively adapt to the climatic vulnerability and avert any adverse effect on their socioeconomic sustainability and national food security.
Key words: Agricultural Sustainability; Climate Change; Climatic Vulnerability; Adaptation Technique; Farmer; Paddy; Malaysia
Key words: Agricultural Sustainability; Climate Change; Climatic Vulnerability; Adaptation Technique; Farmer; Paddy; Malaysia
Research Interests:
Climate and agriculture highly interrelated. Agriculture is highly dependent on the climatic factors. The climatic factors as well as other factors that are determined by climate cause vulnerability of agriculture and agricultural... more
Climate and agriculture highly interrelated. Agriculture is highly dependent on the climatic factors. The climatic factors as well as other factors that are determined by climate cause vulnerability of agriculture and agricultural production.. Using a survey method this study aims to determine the impacts of climatic change on agricultural vulnerability in the Integrated Agricultural Development Area (IADA), West Selangor, Malaysia. Results suggest that over the last 5 years vulnerability of the factors like, injurious insects, high temperature, soil fertility loss, and cost of input materials increased greatly due to climatic changes; and the vulnerability of the factors like shortage of rainfall, excessive rainfall, and labor scarcity increased moderately during this period. It is projected that due to climate change agricultural production sustainability will become vulnerable in Malaysia by 2020.
Key words: Climate Change; Vulnerability; Agricultural Sustainability; Paddy; Malaysia
Key words: Climate Change; Vulnerability; Agricultural Sustainability; Paddy; Malaysia
Research Interests:
Sustainable food security at household level is one of the emerging issues for all nations. There are several factors such as social, economic, political, demographic, natural, and livelihood strategies that causes to the vulnerability of... more
Sustainable food security at household level is one of the emerging issues for all nations. There are several factors such as social, economic, political, demographic, natural, and livelihood strategies that causes to the vulnerability of the status of household food security. Therefore examining the vulnerability of these factors is essential to identify the reason and recognize the most vulnerable communities. This study is an attempt to study on the vulnerability of the factors of household food availability and its linkage with climatic changes in Malaysia. The study is based on primary data collected in the months of July – October, 2012 through a questionnaire survey on 460 low income households from East Coast Economic Region (ECER) in Malaysia. The samples were selected from E-Kasih poor household database, based on cluster random sampling technique. The study found that the vulnerability of the factors of household food availability has decreased statistically significantly over the last five years period in Malaysia for the factors of effectiveness of food distribution process, road and transportation facility for food distribution process, availability of expected food in the local market, sufficiency of expected food in the local market, and stability of food supply in market. The mean values of the current status of the factors of household food availability differ significantly at 1% significance level from the scenario of 5 years ago. However, most of the cases climatic issues were found less responsible for the changes of these factors. Though Malaysia is adversely affected by climatic change, the factors of food availability are not affected yet remarkably. This study suggests that the food security programs need to be integrated with climatic change adaptation programs to ensure more effective and sustainable household food security in future, especially among the poor and low income group. Moreover, a proper monitoring agency is required to ensure consistent supply of food in the rural and remote areas, especially at the time of natural calamity or off season.
Research Interests:
Changes in climatic factors have different impacts on different social groups. But the farmers are the most vulnerable group because of their direct and indirect dependency on climatic factors. To understand the nature of the... more
Changes in climatic factors have different impacts on different social groups. But the farmers are the most vulnerable group because of their direct and indirect dependency on climatic factors. To understand the nature of the socioeconomic impacts of climatic changes on the farmers in Malaysia, this study has used primary data collected through questionnaire survey on 198 paddy producing farmers in the Integrated Agricultural Development Area at North-West Selangor, Malaysia, in 2009. It has used descriptive statistics, ordinal scale, and percentile as tools of analysis. The study finds that climatic changes have adverse impacts on agricultural productivity, profitability, income equality, employment, farmer’s health, and government subsidy policy. 68% farmers perceive that paddy cultivation is no longer profitable due to climatic changes induced low productivity. 57% farmers have expressed their desire to change from full-time to part-time engagement in agriculture and look for part-time job in off-farm activities. The Kuznets ratio and Gini coefficient of income distribution of the paddy farmers in the study area are found to be 2.88 and 0.443 respectively. These indicate that there is highly unequal distribution of income. Climatic changes are contributing to the widening of this income gap, because poor farmers are affected more by the adverse effects of climatic changes. The current government subsidy policy is not found appropriate and adequate to support and encourage the farmers to adequately adapt to the climatic changes and to reduce the inequality among the farming community. Key words: Climatic Change; Income Equality; Poverty; Health Hazard; Adaptation; Agriculture; Paddy; Malaysia
Research Interests:
... GB provides an opportunity and a fair deal to the poor people in Bangladesh to bor-row money from their own bank ... Professor Muhammad Yunus, the founder of GB and its Managing Director ar-gued that the right to credit should be... more
... GB provides an opportunity and a fair deal to the poor people in Bangladesh to bor-row money from their own bank ... Professor Muhammad Yunus, the founder of GB and its Managing Director ar-gued that the right to credit should be considered as a human right - but not for free ...
Research Interests:
See the attached Poster
Research Interests:
Abstract: Problem statement: The climatic factors are changing very rapidly in Malaysia. To adapt farmers with the changes, government and other external agencies are providing several kinds of supports, but yet the adaptability is not... more
Abstract: Problem statement: The climatic factors are changing very rapidly in Malaysia. To adapt farmers with the changes, government and other external agencies are providing several kinds of supports, but yet the adaptability is not that high. Approach: To analyze the climate change adaptability of the farmers in Malaysia, this study uses primary data that have been collected through questionnaire survey on paddy farmers in the Integrated Agricultural Development Area (IADA), North-West Selangor, Malaysia. Data have been ...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
ABSTRACT This paper aims to develop and propose an all-inclusive framework for assessing consumers' environmental responsibility and understanding of eco-labels. One of the preparatory issues regarding green marketing is to... more
ABSTRACT This paper aims to develop and propose an all-inclusive framework for assessing consumers' environmental responsibility and understanding of eco-labels. One of the preparatory issues regarding green marketing is to understand consumers' environmental concerns and to take action accordingly. Another operational vehicle for green marketing is the use of eco-labels. Although some studies 'criticised' these two vital issues, no study has so far been found to be comprehensive theoretically and methodologically and sound in content. Yet the government of Malaysia and other organisations are undertaking various initiatives in order to 'green' the economy. The number of eco-labels is also increasing. Apparently uncovering consumers' environmental concerns and their understanding and perception of eco-labels are called for. The proposed framework incorporates six constructs for measuring consumers' environmental responsibility and ten constructs for assessing consumers' understanding of eco-labels. This study is exploratory in nature in that it relies solely on surveying available published literature.
Research Interests:
Sustainable food security at household level is one of the emerging issues for all nations. There are several factors of household food insecurity including social, economic, political, demographic, and livelihood strategies. Climatic... more
Sustainable food security at household level is one of the emerging issues for all nations. There are several factors of household food insecurity including social, economic, political, demographic, and livelihood strategies. Climatic changes and its outcomes are also recently considered as another major threat of household food security. It is expected that the patterns of adaptation to climatic changes leading household food insecurity and non-climatic/general household food insecurity are different. Therefore, this research aims at finding out the effective techniques of adaptation and the required types of supports for adaptation to climatic and non-climatic/general food insecurity among the poor and low income households in Malaysia. This study is based on primary data that were collected in Jul-Oct 2012 through a questionnaire survey on 460 poor and low income households from the Pahang, Kelantan, and Terengganu States of Malaysia. The samples were selected from E-Kasih poor household database based on cluster random sampling technique. To draw inference, this study conducted the ordinal regressions under the Logit and Probit models. The study concludes that the adaptation techniques for climatic and non-climatic food insecurity significantly differ in Malaysia. Here poor and low-income households need several external supports for adaptation to food insecurity. Finally, the food security programs needs to be integrated with climatic change adaptation programs and involvement of relevant stakeholders are essential to ensure sustainable household food security in Malaysia. Key words: Climatic Changes, Household Food Security, Adaption, Poverty, Ordinal Regression, Malaysia Jel Code: I32, Q54, P48
Research Interests:
The term ‘eco-labeling’ has become a buzz word in today‘s sustainable business world. The use of eco-labeling in various forms has been increasing notably for past many years, sometimes as an environmental ―requirement‖ and sometimes... more
The term ‘eco-labeling’ has become a buzz word in today‘s sustainable business world. The use of eco-labeling in various forms has been increasing notably for past many years, sometimes as an environmental ―requirement‖ and sometimes merely as a marketing tool. For whatever apparent purposes the labeling is used, the ultimate goals are to educate and encourage the consumers to buy and use environment-friendly products. However, with so many competing eco-labels available today, questions arise about how well they are attended and understood by consumers. Mentionable studies have already been done on various dimensions of consumer response to eco-labels. Yet gap exists in exploring an inclusive set of parameters for investigating consumer perception of eco-labels. This paper reviews the major works done on the field and makes a synthesis of their findings with a view to identifying all the possible factors to be taken into account for measuring consumer perception of eco-labeling of ...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Climate Change, Climate Change Adaptation, Malaysia, Agriculture, Vulnerability, and 9 moreMultidisciplinary, Food Security, Malaysian Studies, Mitigation, Sustaianable Development, Sustainability, Quantitative Methods In Research, River Basin Geomorphology, and Climate Hazards And Vulnerability Studies
The term “eco-labeling” has become a buzzword in today’s sustainable business world. The use of eco-labeling in various forms has been increasing notably for past many years, sometimes as an environmental “requirement” and sometimes... more
The term “eco-labeling” has become a buzzword in today’s sustainable business world. The use of eco-labeling in various forms has been increasing notably for past many years, sometimes as an environmental “requirement” and sometimes merely as a marketing tool. Questions arise about how well these eco-labels are attended and understood by
consumers. However, though mentionable studies are found on various aspects of eco-labels, gaps exist in exploring an inclusive set of parameters for investigating consumer
perceptions of eco-labels. This paper aims at preparing a synthesis of all the possible factors to be incorporated for measuring consumer perceptions of eco-labeling of products.
For making such synthesis, all major works in the field have been thoroughly reviewed. The paper comes up with a total of 10 parameters that include consumer awareness, consumer knowledge, consumer involvement, consumer trust, design and visibility, credibility of the source, type and level of information, clarity of meaning, persuasiveness,
and private benefits. This tentative, yet inclusive, set of parameters is thought to be useful for designing large scale future empirical researches for developing a dependable inclusive set of parameters to test consumer understanding and perceptions of eco-label. A framework is proposed for further empirical research.
consumers. However, though mentionable studies are found on various aspects of eco-labels, gaps exist in exploring an inclusive set of parameters for investigating consumer
perceptions of eco-labels. This paper aims at preparing a synthesis of all the possible factors to be incorporated for measuring consumer perceptions of eco-labeling of products.
For making such synthesis, all major works in the field have been thoroughly reviewed. The paper comes up with a total of 10 parameters that include consumer awareness, consumer knowledge, consumer involvement, consumer trust, design and visibility, credibility of the source, type and level of information, clarity of meaning, persuasiveness,
and private benefits. This tentative, yet inclusive, set of parameters is thought to be useful for designing large scale future empirical researches for developing a dependable inclusive set of parameters to test consumer understanding and perceptions of eco-label. A framework is proposed for further empirical research.
Research Interests:
... GB provides an opportunity and a fair deal to the poor people in Bangladesh to bor-row money from their own bank ... Professor Muhammad Yunus, the founder of GB and its Managing Director ar-gued that the right to credit should be... more
... GB provides an opportunity and a fair deal to the poor people in Bangladesh to bor-row money from their own bank ... Professor Muhammad Yunus, the founder of GB and its Managing Director ar-gued that the right to credit should be considered as a human right - but not for free ...
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
The climatic factors are changing very rapidly in Malaysia. To adapt farmers with the changes, government and other external agencies are providing several supports, but still there is a gap between farmers’ adaptability with climate... more
The climatic factors are changing very rapidly in Malaysia. To adapt farmers with the changes, government and other external agencies are providing several supports, but still there is a gap between farmers’ adaptability with climate change and current level of supports. To analyze the climate change adaptability of the farmers and the required supports that farmers need, this study uses primary data that has been collected through questionnaire survey on farmers in the area of Integrated Agricultural Development Area (IADA), North-West Selangor, Malaysia. The data has been analyzed by descriptive statistics, ordered regression, percentile and scale analysis. In Malaysia, sustainability of agriculture and relevant livelihood is strongly dependent on the external supports. Now, farmers’ adaptability to climate change needs to be focused beyond the incentive and subsidy. They also need few training, conceptual supports and technological innovation. The findings of the study are important for the policy makers and relevant agencies. Key words: Agricultural Productivity; Climate change; Adaptation; Paddy; Malaysia
Research Interests:
Changes in climatic factors have different impacts on different social groups. But the farmers are the most vulnerable group because of their direct and indirect dependency on climatic factors. To understand the nature of the... more
Changes in climatic factors have different impacts on different social groups. But the farmers are the most vulnerable group because of their direct and indirect dependency on climatic factors. To understand the nature of the socioeconomic impacts of climatic changes on the farmers in Malaysia, this study has used primary data collected through questionnaire survey on 198 paddy producing farmers in the Integrated Agricultural Development Area at North-West Selangor, Malaysia, in 2009. It has used descriptive statistics, ordinal scale, and percentile as tools of analysis. The study finds that climatic changes have adverse impacts on agricultural productivity, profitability, income equality, employment, farmer’s health, and government subsidy policy. 68% farmers perceive that paddy cultivation is no longer profitable due to climatic changes induced low productivity. 57% farmers have expressed their desire to change from full-time to part-time engagement in agriculture and look for part-time job in off-farm activities. The Kuznets ratio and Gini coefficient of income distribution of the paddy farmers in the study area are found to be 2.88 and 0.443 respectively. These indicate that there is highly unequal distribution of income. Climatic changes are contributing to the widening of this income gap, because poor farmers are affected more by the adverse effects of climatic changes. The current government subsidy policy is not found appropriate and adequate to support and encourage the farmers to adequately adapt to the climatic changes and to reduce the inequality among the farming community. Key words: Climatic Change; Income Equality; Poverty; Health Hazard; Adaptation; Agriculture; Paddy; Malaysia
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
This study provided a brief discussion of the international migration, an age old common phenomenon is an emerging economic development issue and remittances growth. Approach: Each year Bangladesh exports huge number of labours abroad for... more
This study provided a brief discussion of the international migration, an age old common phenomenon is an emerging economic development issue and remittances growth.
Approach: Each year Bangladesh exports huge number of labours abroad for foreign currency, called remittance. In the last four decades remittances played a major role to eradicate the poverty level in Bangladesh and it has experienced positive economic changes in Bangladesh. Now a day’s migration
has been a common livelihood strategy of Bangladeshi people. Results: It contributed for the development of both sending and receiving countries as well as contributed at family level and
community level. At family level, migration may improve household earnings, food, health, housing and educational standards. At the community level, improvement could be noticed in health, education, sanitation and infrastructure benefiting both migrants and non-migrant households. Conclusion: The
aim of this study was to highlight and clarify the impacts on international migration and remittances growth in Bangladesh.
Approach: Each year Bangladesh exports huge number of labours abroad for foreign currency, called remittance. In the last four decades remittances played a major role to eradicate the poverty level in Bangladesh and it has experienced positive economic changes in Bangladesh. Now a day’s migration
has been a common livelihood strategy of Bangladeshi people. Results: It contributed for the development of both sending and receiving countries as well as contributed at family level and
community level. At family level, migration may improve household earnings, food, health, housing and educational standards. At the community level, improvement could be noticed in health, education, sanitation and infrastructure benefiting both migrants and non-migrant households. Conclusion: The
aim of this study was to highlight and clarify the impacts on international migration and remittances growth in Bangladesh.
Research Interests:
Problem statement: This study discusses the analysis of international migration towards economic growth in Bangladesh. International migration refers to the cross-border movement of people from a mother country to a location outside that... more
Problem statement: This study discusses the analysis of international migration towards economic growth in Bangladesh. International migration refers to the cross-border movement of
people from a mother country to a location outside that mother country, with the purpose of taking up higher income employment, better living conditions, higher education get access to civic amenities and conducting a daily existence there for an extended period of time. The exports of labor, human capital,
play a major role to minimize the poverty level in Bangladesh. In the last four decades, Bangladesh exports the huge number of labors abroad for economic growth through remittances. Remittances affect poverty eradication most directly by increasing the income of households which have a family member
working abroad. Because income from remittances is usually larger than that which could have been earned by migrants they stayed at home. Approach: The aim of this study is to highlight the policy implications for the maximization of international migration and the analysis of economic growth in Bangladesh. The data for analysis is perceived from the secondary sources. The significant manipulations for acquired data are migration of employment and remittances for economic growth in
Bangladesh. Results: Migration contributed for the development of macro and micro level in Bangladesh. Conclusion: There would be potential benefits to world's poor if more international
attention were focused on integrating migration policy to within the larger global dialogue economic development and poverty reduction. Strong institutions and good policies will enhance the benefits of human capital migration for Bangladesh.
people from a mother country to a location outside that mother country, with the purpose of taking up higher income employment, better living conditions, higher education get access to civic amenities and conducting a daily existence there for an extended period of time. The exports of labor, human capital,
play a major role to minimize the poverty level in Bangladesh. In the last four decades, Bangladesh exports the huge number of labors abroad for economic growth through remittances. Remittances affect poverty eradication most directly by increasing the income of households which have a family member
working abroad. Because income from remittances is usually larger than that which could have been earned by migrants they stayed at home. Approach: The aim of this study is to highlight the policy implications for the maximization of international migration and the analysis of economic growth in Bangladesh. The data for analysis is perceived from the secondary sources. The significant manipulations for acquired data are migration of employment and remittances for economic growth in
Bangladesh. Results: Migration contributed for the development of macro and micro level in Bangladesh. Conclusion: There would be potential benefits to world's poor if more international
attention were focused on integrating migration policy to within the larger global dialogue economic development and poverty reduction. Strong institutions and good policies will enhance the benefits of human capital migration for Bangladesh.