A S A Ferdous Alam

Considering the global palm oil production, it can be identified as the second largest vegetable oil. Palm oil is a natural
resource that is favorable for the Malaysian climate. In 2017, Malaysia had a total of 454 palm oil mills with a production
capacity of approximately 112 million tonnes of fresh fruit bunches. A sustainable environment denotes high income, value
addition and zero waste. Nonetheless, palm oil mills are being associated with the discharge of untreated effluent water
stream pollution, solid wastes, air pollution, etc. The important objective of this study is to measure the level of sustainable
environmental practices parameters and awareness of millers. The primary data were collected through questionnaire survey
and interviews from 71 millers in Malaysia. This study used confirmatory factor analysis to describe the relationships between
the environmental parameters for measuring environment sustainability. This study found that most of the millers employ
positive practices for environmental sustainability, and the highest environment parameter is disposal of solid wastes. However,
this study can be implemented in Malaysian palm oil mills for identifying the lowest parameters. This study suggested
to the industries that the new national sustainable policies for palm oil mills, especially for small and medium players, may
enhance the environmental parameters.

Keywords :Environmental sustainability · Palm oil millers · Fresh fruit bunch · Sustainable production · SEM · Peninsular
Malaysia

The purpose of this study has to discover if differences in tourists' perceptions of sustainable tourism development in Melaka existed between three stakeholder groups: government, local residents and private entrepreneurs. The paper analyzes based on the primary data which is collected through interviews among 735 respondents. The findings indicate that the government, private and local community has played a major role for satisfying the tourists' in shaping the development of sustainable tourism in Melaka. The study emphasizes on scale methods in analyzing and reviewing the role of government, private and local communities. To the distinct stakeholders' facilities, the majority of tourists' generally were welcoming of sustainable tourism.

Disaster risk reduction is a high prominence on recent agenda of the policy makers around the world. Policy implementation measures and development plans to reduce the disaster risk caused due to climate change consider evaluating endpoints generated through knowledge, education, experiences on disaster as well as other forms of vulnerabilities. The main purpose of this study is to promote community in order to make them aware about the factors of disaster risk and associated loss and damages. In addition, to engage them in disaster risk reduction initiative. The primary data were collected through questionnaire survey on 130 respondents from Universiti Kebangsaan M alaysia (UKM) community in Bangi, M alaysia. To analyze and draw the inferences, this study used the descriptive statistics, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The study found that several knowledge, education and practices of disaster risk factors have positive significant influences on reduction of the disaster risk.

The purpose of this study has to discover if differences in tourists’ perceptions of sustainable tourism development in Melaka existed between three stakeholder groups: government, local residents and private entrepreneurs. The paper analyzes based on the primary data which is collected through interviews among 735 respondents. The findings indicate that the government, private and local community has played a major role for satisfying the tourists’ in shaping the development of sustainable tourism in Melaka. The study emphasizes on scale methods in analyzing and reviewing the role of government, private and local communities. To the distinct stakeholders’ facilities, the majority of tourists’ generally were welcoming of sustainable tourism.

Problem statement: This study discusses the analysis of international migration towards economic growth in Bangladesh. International migration refers to the cross-border movement of
people from a mother country to a location outside that mother country, with the purpose of taking up higher income employment, better living conditions, higher education get access to civic amenities and conducting a daily existence there for an extended period of time. The exports of labor, human capital,
play a major role to minimize the poverty level in Bangladesh. In the last four decades, Bangladesh exports the huge number of labors abroad for economic growth through remittances. Remittances affect poverty eradication most directly by increasing the income of households which have a family member
working abroad. Because income from remittances is usually larger than that which could have been earned by migrants they stayed at home. Approach: The aim of this study is to highlight the policy implications for the maximization of international migration and the analysis of economic growth in Bangladesh. The data for analysis is perceived from the secondary sources. The significant manipulations for acquired data are migration of employment and remittances for economic growth in
Bangladesh. Results: Migration contributed for the development of macro and micro level in Bangladesh. Conclusion: There would be potential benefits to world's poor if more international
attention were focused on integrating migration policy to within the larger global dialogue economic development and poverty reduction. Strong institutions and good policies will enhance the benefits of human capital migration for Bangladesh.

This study provided a brief discussion of the international migration, an age old common phenomenon is an emerging economic development issue and remittances growth.
Approach: Each year Bangladesh exports huge number of labours abroad for foreign currency, called remittance. In the last four decades remittances played a major role to eradicate the poverty level in Bangladesh and it has experienced positive economic changes in Bangladesh. Now a day’s migration
has been a common livelihood strategy of Bangladeshi people. Results: It contributed for the development of both sending and receiving countries as well as contributed at family level and
community level. At family level, migration may improve household earnings, food, health, housing and educational standards. At the community level, improvement could be noticed in health, education, sanitation and infrastructure benefiting both migrants and non-migrant households. Conclusion: The
aim of this study was to highlight and clarify the impacts on international migration and remittances growth in Bangladesh.

Abstract

Entrepreneurship is indispensable for  progress of human civilization and effectively exploring and exploiting existing and potential resources for wellbeing of humanity. Modern economics operates basically through two major modes of entrepreneurships : the market/private sector economics relying on commercial entrepreneurships (self-interest centric) and the state/public sector economics  relying on state entrepreneurships (public-wellbeing centric). However, both individually and jointly, have failed to ensure economics’ fundamental goal of wellbeing for human societies.  In response, social enterprise  economics (third sector), which features cooperatives and not-for-profit social enterprises in the name of foundations, trusts/awqāf, social businesses, and similar undertakings, has emerged as a make-up strategy to meet the minimum unmet requirements for social wellbeing.  However, there is a strongly felt belief that the social enterprise economics needs to be broadened and mainstreamed in order to include entirely charitable institutions, predominantly not-for-profit operations, and predominantly for-profit businesses but blended with social justice via provision of  social welfare programs like corporate social responsibility, etc., for its emancipation as a major economic system to be able to  play a leading role for ensuring desirable economic growth and development. Islamic entrepreneurship, which is basically a community-centric mode of business initiative, is closely related to social entrepreneurship. It is an antidote to the problem of intolerable economic and social dualism and a natural strategy against all forms of capitalist exploitation to control world resources, like, in the past, through European colonialism, and now, through American-led state terrorism. It is the natural guard against economic inequity, wealth concentration, and social divides. Based on its potential and using examples from Bangladesh and Malaysia, we contend that the Islamic style social entrepreneurship is intellectually and operationally superior and more efficient for effectively widening and mainstreaming community-centric social enterprise economics to ensure development with equity and social justice.  The paper aims to put forward social enterprise economics (third sector) for dialogue and research in the context of effective functioning of modern economies ensuring community wellbeing.


Key words: entrepreneurship, community-centric, American-led terrorism, not for-profit business, economic & social dualism, capitalist exploitation, social justice, public sector, private sector.

Referecne: Molla, R.I., Alam, M.M., Bhuiyan, A.B., and Alam, A.S.A.F. 2014. Social and Islamic Entrepreneurships for Social Justice: A Structural Framework for Social Enterprise Economics. Proceedings of the International Conference on Management & Business Sustainability, Putra World Trade Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Aug 18-19.