Jose R. Agustina
Universitat Abat Oliba CEU, Law, Faculty Member
- DERECHO PENAL, Criminal Law, White Collar Crime, Privacy, Cyber crime, Criminal Justice, and 13 moreCriminology, Sociology of Crime and Deviance, Internet Studies, Crime Prevention, Cybercrimes, Victimology, Sexting and Young People, Sexting, Criminal Procedure, Derecho penal y procesal penal, International Criminal Law, Ethics & Compliance Management, and Complianceedit
- Full Professor of Criminal Law & Criminology. Dr. Agustina received a JD from the Universitat Pompeu Fabra, where he... moreFull Professor of Criminal Law & Criminology.
Dr. Agustina received a JD from the Universitat Pompeu Fabra, where he also received a Master’s degree and his PhD in Criminal Law and Criminal Sciences. From 2006-2010, he taught at the Universitat Internacional de Catalunya as an Assistant Professor. Then, he joined the full-time faculty in 2010. He has been visiting scholar at the Cambridge Institute of Criminology, Pace Law School, Rutgers School of Law, and Texas State University School of Criminal Justice. He has served as a part-time Magistrate at the High Criminal Court in Barcelona.
Dr. Agustina’s research interests are at the interface between Criminal Law, Criminology and Criminal Policy. His research has been particularly focused on crime prevention vs. privacy issues. He has published research articles both in Spanish and English on a variety of topics, such as employee and business crime, CCTV and email monitoring at the workplace, cybercrime, Child-to-Parent and family violence, sexting and child pornography, and pretrial detention. His trilogy books El delito en la empresa (2010), Privacidad del trabajador versus prevención del delito en la empresa (2009), and El delito de descubrimiento y revelación de secretos en su aplicación al control del correo electrónico del trabajador (2009) offer an integrated view of criminological and legal issues in preventing crime within a company. He serves as Editor-in Chief of Actualidad Criminológica y Penal series published by BdeF and Edisofer.edit
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Research Interests: Business Ethics, Criminology, Criminal Law, Criminal Justice, Corporate Social Responsibility, and 17 moreCorporate Law, International Law, Human Rights, Privacy, Virtue Ethics, Corporate Governance, Natural Law, Philosophy Of Law, Environmental Sustainability, White Collar Crime, Ethics and economics, Criminologia, DERECHO PENAL, Derecho; Derecho Laboral, Derechos Humanos, International Strategy, Soft Law, and Global Economic Governance
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Research Interests: Criminology, Criminal Law, Criminal Justice, Domestic Violence, Family studies, and 15 moreFeminismo, Psicología, Psicología familiar, Estudios sobre Violencia y Conflicto, Violencia, Violencia De Género, DERECHO PENAL, Violencia Intrafamiliar, Terapia Familiar, Maltrato infantil +resiliencia, Familia Y Matrimonio, Peritaje de Familia y Abuso Sexual, Violencia Doméstica, Violência Doméstica, and Terapia De Pareja
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Research Interests: Criminal Law, Terrorism, Privacy, International Criminal Law, Juvenile Justice, and 18 moreWorkplace Management, Organized Crime, IT law, Crime Prevention, Transnational Crime, Drugs, Nuevas tecnologías, Derechos Humanos, Corruption, DERECHO PENAL, Derecho; Derecho Laboral, Derechos Humanos, Traffic, Derecho penal y procesal penal, International Crimes, Privacidad, Global Crime, Measures of Prevention, and Trafficking Human Beings
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Diante das novas ferramentas de análise policial se por um lado a polícia cumpre uma função essencial na prevenção, detecção e investigação de um delito, ela não está livre de ter o seu trabalho limitado e submetido ao princípio da... more
Diante das novas ferramentas de análise policial se por um lado a polícia cumpre uma função essencial na prevenção, detecção e investigação de um delito, ela não está livre de ter o seu trabalho limitado e submetido ao princípio da legalidade. A eficácia do trabalho policial não pode, como sabemos, saltar as garantias próprias de um Estado de Direito e sua atividade deve submeter-se a critérios transparentes de razoabilidade e controle, entre outros princípios. Não é legítimo que, para garantir a segurança de todos, seja sacrificada a privacidade daqueles que apenas superficialmente parecem suspeitos. As denominadas investigações prospectivas (phishing expeditions) são proibidas quando é afetado um direito fundamental que requeira autorização judicial prévia. À luz das reflexões anteriores, entendemos que talvez seja precipitada a aplicação massiva de sistemas de IA a modelos de polícia preditiva, enquanto (i) estejam pendentes de refinação; (ii) não tenham uma base científica sólid...
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In just a few years, technological changes have transformed how people interact and communicate with each other, in particular among so-called digital adolescents. The impact of technology on routine activities and mainstream culture has... more
In just a few years, technological changes have transformed how people interact and communicate with each other, in particular among so-called digital adolescents. The impact of technology on routine activities and mainstream culture has led to an increase in young peoples’ exposure to psychological and criminological risks. As a result of this new psychosocial trend, new educational challenges are appearing and it is becoming more necessary to react to these challenges on the basis of an adequate diagnosis of psychology and pedagogy relating to adolescents. Criminological theories and research have tried to identify risk and protection factors to understand victimisation processes in more depth and improve prevention strategies. In this context, it is necessary to develop educational programs that consider personal, familial, and situational vulnerabilities and weaknesses in order to foster resilient individuals who can successfully confront the risks inherent to cyberspace. By ana...
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After a period of relative laissez faire, governments around the world are beginning to attempt to regulate online life, for a variety of reasons, through various mechanisms of surveillance and control. The drive to enforce the respect of... more
After a period of relative laissez faire, governments around the world are beginning to attempt to regulate online life, for a variety of reasons, through various mechanisms of surveillance and control. The drive to enforce the respect of copyright is at the forefront of these attempts, a highly controversial topic which pits proponents of the rights of the creative industry against advocates of freedom of speech. Apart from their inflammatory nature, one distinguishing characteristic of most of these schemes is that they are mediated: that is, they are conducted with the help of third parties, most often internet service providers. The mediation of surveillance is something as yet relatively underexplored by the field of surveillance studies, whose theoretical tools are by and large focussed on a two way relationship between watcher and watched. This article seeks to remedy this deficit, by examining the dynamics of mediation in the context of online copyright enforcement. We argue...
Research Interests: Business, European Studies, Criminal Law, Criminal Justice, Intellectual Property, and 14 moreEuropean Law, Internet Studies, Information Society, Cybercrimes, Innovation statistics, Political Science, Biotechnology, Surveillance Studies, Public Health, Multidisciplinary, Copyright Law, Patent Law, Pharmaceutical Law, and Internet
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Researchers in the fields of sociology, psychology, behavioural sciences and law are trying to comprehend the radical rise of a new relational paradigm derived from the current proliferation of ICT. Crime dynamics and victimisation are... more
Researchers in the fields of sociology, psychology, behavioural sciences and law are trying to comprehend the radical rise of a new relational paradigm derived from the current proliferation of ICT. Crime dynamics and victimisation are not alien to the set of changes wrought by the digital era. The way in which victims behave in cyber space decisively elevates their risk of victimization. In connexion with this, the design of digital architectures notably increases criminal opportunities and facilitates cyber victimisation i.e. the defining traits of cyber space affect people's daily lives and incline them to adopt riskier lifestyles. Based on Routine Activity Theory and Lifestyle Theory, along with the interesting work of Suler (2004), the present article shows the importance of victimological perspective in explaining cyber criminal events and designing prevention strategies. Stemming from literature review, this analysis will focus on describing a set of psychological and soc...
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El presente artículo analiza la fenomenología delictiva de los delitos de abuso sexual cometidos mediante el uso de sustancias psicoactivas. Se llevó a cabo un análisis descriptivo de una muestra de sentencias, como resultado de... more
El presente artículo analiza la fenomenología delictiva de los delitos de abuso sexual cometidos mediante el uso de sustancias psicoactivas. Se llevó a cabo un análisis descriptivo de una muestra de sentencias, como resultado de procedimientos penales seguidos en España entre 1999 y 2016, examinándose distintas variables disponibles sobre el hecho delictivo, la víctima y el agresor. De la muestra analizada se observa que en la mayoría de casos (76%) el agresor se aprovechó de una situación de “vulnerabilidad química”, siendo la propia víctima la que había consumido voluntariamente sustancias psicoactivas. Solo en el 24% de casos pudo acreditarse una verdadera “sumisión química” a través de la administración encubierta de sustancias por terceros que causó a la víctima una situación incapacitante. A partir del análisis de los factores más comunes encontrados, y de la revisión de estudios previos, se proponen algunas medidas para mejorar la prevención y detección de esta modalidad deli...
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Traditional stalking and cyberstalking have become a significant legal and social issue in today's society. Although a sizeable body of research on stalking victimization and perpetration currently exists, very little is known about... more
Traditional stalking and cyberstalking have become a significant legal and social issue in today's society. Although a sizeable body of research on stalking victimization and perpetration currently exists, very little is known about cyberstalking victimization. Relatedly, there is a dearth of comparative research on the topics of traditional stalking and cyberstalking. Examining the prevalence and nature of stalking victimization across national settings will allow for an exploration of the significance of social context in affecting victims’ experiences as well as help highlight the competing influences operating in different contexts. Cross-national research on stalking will also provide an opportunity to consider a wide range of alternative options and solutions to the problem. The aim of this study is to compare and contrast the prevalence and nature of traditional stalking and cyberstalking victimization between American and Spanish university students. This study focuses o...
Research Interests: Psychology and IDP
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ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the expanding use of legitimate covert CCTV in the workplace in Spain. By examining the recent evolution of the jurisprudence in that field, we focus on the legal reasons that support court decisions from 2000... more
ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the expanding use of legitimate covert CCTV in the workplace in Spain. By examining the recent evolution of the jurisprudence in that field, we focus on the legal reasons that support court decisions from 2000 to the present and add some criminological and ethical perspectives to better comprehend not only the legal rationale, but also some other collateral effects that employers should take into account in implementing covert surveillance. We conclude that verification of a previous objective pattern of risk involving criminal behavior is crucial for ceding the general principles on respecting privacy. The central argument involves the exceptional case an employer may find when there is a continuous situation and the only way to stop it is by discovering the wrongdoers in action. The paper shows the method for further research and a more detailed rationale for improving legal and decision-making analyses in this field
Research Interests: Sociology, Criminology, Information Technology, Criminal Justice, Jurisprudence, and 15 moreHuman Rights, Privacy, Political Science, Human Resource Management, Culture, Civil Rights, Human Resources, Media regulation, Gender and Communication, ICTs, Cctv, Covert, Sociology of Mass Communication, Collateral, and Crime and the Media
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En el presente trabajo se cuestiona si es necesario emplear un enfoque distintivo y adaptar algunas categorías dogmáticas de la teoría del delito ante los retos que plantean los delitos cometidos en el ciberespacio. Para ello, se parte de... more
En el presente trabajo se cuestiona si es necesario emplear un enfoque distintivo y adaptar algunas categorías dogmáticas de la teoría del delito ante los retos que plantean los delitos cometidos en el ciberespacio. Para ello, se parte de una comprensión amplia de la naturaleza y dimensión de los cambios experimentados en la era digital y se propone una definición funcional del concepto de ciberdelito para las distintas perspectivas de análisis: criminológica, penal, procesal y dogmática. La tesis principal es que el contexto y fenomenología virtual exigen una relectura transversal de los contornos que delimitan algunas categorías dogmáticas. Se presentan de forma programática algunas cuestiones y se analiza la repercusión del cambio de paradigma en algunas categorías del sistema, en particular, en los conceptos de acción y bien jurídico.
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En el marco de la criminalidad en el interior de la empresa se originan ciertos deberes de vigilancia y control del empresario, respecto de aquellos delitos que llegan a cometerse en su esfera de organizacion, en virtud de los cuales... more
En el marco de la criminalidad en el interior de la empresa se originan ciertos deberes de vigilancia y control del empresario, respecto de aquellos delitos que llegan a cometerse en su esfera de organizacion, en virtud de los cuales pueden llegar a imputarsele distintos grados de responsabilidad por el hecho ajeno. Junto a ello, se erigen tambien determinados limites que derivan del debido respeto a la privacidad del trabajador. Asi, con base en tales limites, la implementacion de estrategias de prevencion y control debe realizarse conforme a ciertos principios que logren un equilibrio entre los intereses contrapuestos, sin que puedan desarrollarse medidas de injerencia de forma ilimitada. El presente articulo se propone analizar los problemas apuntados tratando de establecer ciertos fundamentos etico-juridicos que subyacen en este ambito, aportando desde un enfoque personalista-comunitarista algunos principios materiales que orienten la practica empresarial.
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En el presente trabajo se cuestiona si es necesario emplear un enfoque distintivo y adaptar algunas categorías dogmáticas de la teoría del delito ante los retos que plantean los delitos cometidos en el ciberespacio. Para ello, se parte de... more
En el presente trabajo se cuestiona si es necesario emplear un enfoque distintivo y adaptar algunas categorías dogmáticas de la teoría del delito ante los retos que plantean los delitos cometidos en el ciberespacio. Para ello, se parte de una comprensión amplia de la naturaleza y dimensión de los cambios experimentados en la era digital y se propone una definición funcional del concepto de ciberdelito para las distintas perspectivas de análisis: criminológica, penal, procesal y dogmática. La tesis principal es que el contexto y fenomenología virtual exigen una relectura transversal de los contornos que delimitan algunas categorías dogmáticas. Se presentan de forma programática algunas cuestiones y se analiza la repercusión del cambio de paradigma en algunas categorías del sistema, en particular, en los conceptos de acción y bien jurídico.
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Research Interests: Criminology, Criminal Law, Criminal Justice, Terrorism, Internet Studies, and 15 moreCybercrimes, International Criminal Law, Juvenile Justice, Organized Crime, Crime Prevention, Criminologia, Drugs, Corruption, Prevención y Seguridad Pública, Internet and computer crimes, Traffic, International Crimes, Global Crime, Measures of Prevention, and Trafficking Human Beings
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La administración de sustancias psicoactivas a una persona, sin su consentimiento, para doblegar su voluntad y, sin su oposición, atentar contra su libertad sexual encuentra encaje en el Código penal español como forma típica de abuso... more
La administración de sustancias psicoactivas a una persona, sin su consentimiento, para doblegar su voluntad y, sin su oposición, atentar contra su libertad sexual encuentra encaje en el Código penal español como forma típica de abuso sexual y no como agresión sexual, figura delictiva que requiere siempre violencia o intimidación. La jurisprudencia ha entendido que el hecho de anular mediante sustancias tóxicas la libre voluntad de la víctima no puede subsumirse dentro del concepto de violencia, a diferencia de los delitos contra el patrimonio, en los que sí se equipara la sumisión química a la violencia. En este artículo se realiza, en primer lugar, un análisis contextual, doctrinal y jurisprudencial del artículo 181.2 del Código Penal español en lo que respecta al abuso sexual mediante sumisión química y los supuestos de vulnerabilidad química (en los que el origen de la intoxicación es voluntario); en segundo lugar, se examinan algunos ejemplos en Derecho comparado, con la finalidad de estudiar las diferencias existentes a la hora de tratar esta tipología delictiva, enmarcándolas en la perspectiva de género que, en los últimos años, está influyendo sustancialmente en el Derecho penal sexual. Y, en tercer lugar, tras el necesario análisis dogmático de las distintas cuestiones que se plantean en torno al consentimiento sexual, se propone una taxonomía de los delitos sexuales cometidos en ausencia de consentimiento y algunas directrices para una eventual reforma legislativa. Palabras clave: sumisión química, consentimiento sexual, abuso sexual, agresión sexual, perspectiva de género.
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The practice of creating and sharing sexual images via technological devices, known as sexting, has received crescent attention in the past years, especially due to the increase of adolescent engagement in this behavior. Although... more
The practice of creating and sharing sexual images via technological devices, known as sexting, has received crescent attention in the past years, especially due to the increase of adolescent engagement in this behavior. Although consensual sexting is not prima facie a crime, as some research has shown, it has the potential to be a risky behavior, and a threshold to get exposure to dangerous kinds of victimization as sextortion, online grooming or cyberbullying. In this context, teenagers represent a vulnerable group due to their limited ability of self-regulation, their high susceptibility to peer pressure, their technophilia, and their growing sexual curiosity. The present paper aims to review the scientific literature to analyze the relationship between mental health and sexting as a potentially risky behavior and its association with online victimization. The results and implications will be discussed.
Recent research on sexting suggests it could be related to mental health, but so far studies have often used simple and not clinically validated measures of mental health. Specific aims of this study were: 1) to analyze the lifetime... more
Recent research on sexting suggests it could be related to mental health, but so far studies
have often used simple and not clinically validated measures of mental health. Specific aims
of this study were: 1) to analyze the lifetime prevalence of sexting behaviors among a
Spanish College Sample by gender, and 2) to examine the psychopathological profile of
those students who engaged in sexting. Method: The sample consisted of 120 Spanish
college students (75% female, 22.1 mean age) who took part in an online survey about
their engagement in sexting behaviors and psychopathological symptomatology, measured
by LSB-50. Results: Out of the sample, 42% of participants engaged in active sexting
behaviors, 58% in passive sexting, and 31% of participants had both received content and
sent content. Furthermore, 41.1% of the sample showed depressive symptoms, whilst
52.7% reported anxiety symptoms, and sexters were 2.98 times more likely to be
depressed, 2.52 times more likely to have anxiety, and 2.63 times more likely to show
global psychopathology than non-sexters. Conclusions: Sexting is highly prevalent
amongst Spanish college students, and those people who engage in sexting have higher
ratios of mental health issues.
have often used simple and not clinically validated measures of mental health. Specific aims
of this study were: 1) to analyze the lifetime prevalence of sexting behaviors among a
Spanish College Sample by gender, and 2) to examine the psychopathological profile of
those students who engaged in sexting. Method: The sample consisted of 120 Spanish
college students (75% female, 22.1 mean age) who took part in an online survey about
their engagement in sexting behaviors and psychopathological symptomatology, measured
by LSB-50. Results: Out of the sample, 42% of participants engaged in active sexting
behaviors, 58% in passive sexting, and 31% of participants had both received content and
sent content. Furthermore, 41.1% of the sample showed depressive symptoms, whilst
52.7% reported anxiety symptoms, and sexters were 2.98 times more likely to be
depressed, 2.52 times more likely to have anxiety, and 2.63 times more likely to show
global psychopathology than non-sexters. Conclusions: Sexting is highly prevalent
amongst Spanish college students, and those people who engage in sexting have higher
ratios of mental health issues.
El avance tecnológico ha transformado en pocos años la forma de interactuar y comunicarse entre las personas, especialmente entre los denominados adolescentes digitales. Su impacto en las actividades cotidianas y en la cultura dominante... more
El avance tecnológico ha transformado en pocos años la forma de interactuar y comunicarse entre las personas, especialmente entre los denominados adolescentes digitales. Su impacto en las actividades cotidianas y en la cultura dominante ha propiciado, asimismo, un incremento en la exposición a riesgos psicológicos y criminológicos por parte de los menores. Ante esta nueva realidad psicosocial, se plantean nuevos retos educacionales que deben partir de un adecuado diagnóstico de la psicología y pedagogía en relación con los adolescentes. Las teorías e investigaciones criminológicas vienen tratando de identificar los factores de riesgo y de protección con la finalidad de comprender con mayor profundidad los procesos de victimización y mejorar las estrategias de prevención. En este contexto, conviene avanzar en programas educativos que tengan en cuenta las carencias y vulnerabilidades personales, familiares y situacionales de los menores, a fin de fomentar el desarrollo de personas resilientes que sepan afrontar con éxito los riesgos que se fraguan y surgen en el ciberespacio. Mediante el análisis de las concretas formas de cibervictimización se pretende señalar algunas pautas basadas en la investigación criminológica y en los procesos de victimización más frecuentes en los entornos en que se desenvuelven los menores, de modo que puedan servir en el diseño de los programas educativos dirigidos a padres, educadores y potenciales víctimas.
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Existe evidencia científica acerca de la elevada vulnerabilidad de las personas con discapacidad a ser víctimas de violencia y malos tratos, especialmente de abuso sexual infantil. Aunque algunos estudios encuentran que los menores con... more
Existe evidencia científica acerca de la elevada vulnerabilidad de las personas con discapacidad a ser víctimas de violencia y malos tratos, especialmente de abuso sexual infantil. Aunque algunos estudios encuentran que los menores con discapacidad sufren los mismos tipos de maltrato, y en proporción similar al resto de la población infantil, en
la mayoría de ellos se descubre una mayor incidencia de abuso sexual, especialmente en menores con discapacidad.
la mayoría de ellos se descubre una mayor incidencia de abuso sexual, especialmente en menores con discapacidad.
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Desde finales de la década de 1970, el acoso entre menores en edad escolar o bullying se ha venido consolidando como un fenómeno global de victimización de primera magnitud. En este sentido, se dispone ya de numerosas investigaciones... more
Desde finales de la década de 1970, el acoso entre menores en edad escolar o bullying se ha venido consolidando como un fenómeno global de victimización de primera magnitud. En este sentido, se dispone ya de numerosas investigaciones dirigidas a conocer este fenómeno en profundidad y aplicar programas de prevención e intervención eficaces. Sin embargo, en los últimos años, con el rápido avance de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC), ha surgido una nueva modalidad de acoso entre menores que se deriva directamente del bullying, el cyberbullying. En el presente artículo se revisa la literatura científica disponible en torno al cyberbullying, recogiendo aquellos enfoques y datos existentes hasta la actualidad relativos a esta nueva forma de acoso con la finalidad de comprender las implicaciones del paso del bullying al cyberbullying.
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In recent years, the emergence of the phenomenon of sexting has generated significant media and social concern. The practice of sexting has proven to be problematic, having led to serious psychological and legal consequences, particularly... more
In recent years, the emergence of the phenomenon of sexting has generated significant media and
social concern. The practice of sexting has proven to be problematic, having led to serious psychological
and legal consequences, particularly in the case of teenagers, highlighting the urgent need to develop
adequate prevention strategies. Moreover, by sending sexting messages, images or videos, children (and
adults) can inadvertently and irreversibly cross a risk threshold that exposes them to different types of
victimization (blackmail, revenge or simply highly damaging indiscretions). Furthermore, sexting may
constitute the beginning of sexual crimes initiated via ICTs (Wolak et al. 2004).
Initially, the majority of research conducted in this area focused on analysing the prevalence of the
phenomenon and the reasons that the people surveyed gave for acting in this way. Despite the differences
between the various studies, in terms of the sample type and the parameters for defining the conduct
being quantified, the research irrefutably indicates the global presence of a similar phenomenon. However,
the research has hardly begun to explore the possible factors associated with sexting. Going beyond the
prevalence of the phenomenon and describing the apparent motives of the people surveyed, the aim of
the present study is to examine a number of hypotheses on factors associated with sexting, based on
a sample of 149 university students in Barcelona (Spain). The results obtained reveal a relatively high
rate of sexting conduct in young adults and suggest a significant positive correlation with the following factors: low standards of privacy and modesty, tendency towards promiscuity, approval of pornography
and a lack of moral beliefs. Based on the findings of this research, future studies on sexting are proposed,
including a more thorough evaluation of associated risk factors and the identification and proposal of
possible strategies to prevent the various forms of victimization related to or arising from sexting.
social concern. The practice of sexting has proven to be problematic, having led to serious psychological
and legal consequences, particularly in the case of teenagers, highlighting the urgent need to develop
adequate prevention strategies. Moreover, by sending sexting messages, images or videos, children (and
adults) can inadvertently and irreversibly cross a risk threshold that exposes them to different types of
victimization (blackmail, revenge or simply highly damaging indiscretions). Furthermore, sexting may
constitute the beginning of sexual crimes initiated via ICTs (Wolak et al. 2004).
Initially, the majority of research conducted in this area focused on analysing the prevalence of the
phenomenon and the reasons that the people surveyed gave for acting in this way. Despite the differences
between the various studies, in terms of the sample type and the parameters for defining the conduct
being quantified, the research irrefutably indicates the global presence of a similar phenomenon. However,
the research has hardly begun to explore the possible factors associated with sexting. Going beyond the
prevalence of the phenomenon and describing the apparent motives of the people surveyed, the aim of
the present study is to examine a number of hypotheses on factors associated with sexting, based on
a sample of 149 university students in Barcelona (Spain). The results obtained reveal a relatively high
rate of sexting conduct in young adults and suggest a significant positive correlation with the following factors: low standards of privacy and modesty, tendency towards promiscuity, approval of pornography
and a lack of moral beliefs. Based on the findings of this research, future studies on sexting are proposed,
including a more thorough evaluation of associated risk factors and the identification and proposal of
possible strategies to prevent the various forms of victimization related to or arising from sexting.
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On the blurring concept of psychopathy in the Spanish Supreme Court jurisprudence: a critical review in the context of a Criminal Law focused on dangerousness
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Los trastornos de la personalidad (TP) pueden suponer una afectación de las capacidades cognoscitivas y/o volitivas y, en consecuencia, implicar una modificación de la responsabilidad criminal. Sin embargo, la jurisprudencia, al valorar... more
Los trastornos de la personalidad (TP) pueden suponer una afectación de las capacidades cognoscitivas y/o volitivas y, en consecuencia, implicar una modificación de la responsabilidad criminal. Sin embargo, la jurisprudencia, al valorar la incidencia de los TP sobre la imputabilidad, no responde a una regla general. Se presenta un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo del tratamiento jurisprudencial que reciben los TP mediante la revisión de 77 sentencias condenatorias del Tribunal Supremo entre febrero de 1998 y noviembre del 2010.
Los TP que más se tienen en cuenta en la valoración de la imputabilidad son el paranoide, límite, no especificado y antisocial, pero sin considerarse eximente de la responsabilidad criminal.
En los supuestos de comorbilidad generalmente se aprecia una eximente incompleta o atenuante analógica de anomalía o alteración psíquica. En la condena por delitos cometidos por
sujetos afectados por TP, el reconocimiento de dicho trastorno tiene una incidencia relativa en la pena, imponiéndose esta en su mitad inferior o, a lo sumo, rebajándose a la pena inferior
en un solo grado. La adopción de medidas de seguridad para los semiimputables en caso de TP es excepcional.
Los TP que más se tienen en cuenta en la valoración de la imputabilidad son el paranoide, límite, no especificado y antisocial, pero sin considerarse eximente de la responsabilidad criminal.
En los supuestos de comorbilidad generalmente se aprecia una eximente incompleta o atenuante analógica de anomalía o alteración psíquica. En la condena por delitos cometidos por
sujetos afectados por TP, el reconocimiento de dicho trastorno tiene una incidencia relativa en la pena, imponiéndose esta en su mitad inferior o, a lo sumo, rebajándose a la pena inferior
en un solo grado. La adopción de medidas de seguridad para los semiimputables en caso de TP es excepcional.
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Researchers in the fields of sociology, psychology, behavioural sciences and law are trying to comprehend the radical rise of a new relational paradigm derived from the current proliferation of ICT. Crime dynamics and victimisation are... more
Researchers in the fields of sociology, psychology, behavioural sciences and law are trying to
comprehend the radical rise of a new relational paradigm derived from the current proliferation of ICT.
Crime dynamics and victimisation are not alien to the set of changes wrought by the digital era. The
way in which victims behave in cyber space decisively elevates their risk of victimization. In connexion
with this, the design of digital architectures notably increases criminal opportunities and facilitates
cyber victimisation i.e. the defining traits of cyber space affect people’s daily lives and incline them to
adopt riskier lifestyles. Based on Routine Activity Theory and Lifestyle Theory, along with the
interesting work of Suler (2004), the present article shows the importance of victimological perspective
in explaining cyber criminal events and designing prevention strategies. Stemming from literature
review, this analysis will focus on describing a set of psychological and sociological traits that comprise
the profile of victims and explaining how the surroundings influence one’s thoughts, desires, and
actions.
comprehend the radical rise of a new relational paradigm derived from the current proliferation of ICT.
Crime dynamics and victimisation are not alien to the set of changes wrought by the digital era. The
way in which victims behave in cyber space decisively elevates their risk of victimization. In connexion
with this, the design of digital architectures notably increases criminal opportunities and facilitates
cyber victimisation i.e. the defining traits of cyber space affect people’s daily lives and incline them to
adopt riskier lifestyles. Based on Routine Activity Theory and Lifestyle Theory, along with the
interesting work of Suler (2004), the present article shows the importance of victimological perspective
in explaining cyber criminal events and designing prevention strategies. Stemming from literature
review, this analysis will focus on describing a set of psychological and sociological traits that comprise
the profile of victims and explaining how the surroundings influence one’s thoughts, desires, and
actions.
Research Interests:
En el presente artículo se describe, con un propósito orientado a la prevención del ciberdelito, el modo en que el comportamiento de la víctima en el ciberespacio influye decisivamente en la génesis del delito, señalándose al mismo tiempo... more
En el presente artículo se describe, con un propósito orientado
a la prevención del ciberdelito, el modo en que el comportamiento de la víctima en el ciberespacio influye decisivamente en la génesis del delito, señalándose al mismo tiempo algunos factores ambientales que empujan a las víctimas a adoptar elevados riesgos de victimización. Para ello, se esbozan, en primer lugar, los motivos que explican por qué el diseño de las arquitecturas digitales incrementan notablemente las oportunidades delictivas (que facilitan la cibervictimización) y cómo las notas definitorias del ciberespacio afectan sensiblemente en las actividades cotidianas de las personas y, más aún, en la inclinación del ser humano a adoptar estilos de vida de mayor riesgo. Seguidamente, se muestran cómo las perspectivas victimológica y victimodogmática revisten una singular importancia no solo en la explicación del evento delictivo y en las estrategias de prevención sino también en la atribución de responsabilidad jurídico-penal.
Partiendo de las características criminógenas de las arquitecturas digitales, se identifica un conjunto de rasgos (psicológicos, antropológicos y sociológicos) que inciden en el perfil de las víctimas o, cuando menos, de determinados grupos de víctimas. Dicho análisis estará enfocado a describir cómo el entorno influye en el modo de pensar y actuar de las personas,
dando lugar con posterioridad a analizar ciertas consideraciones sobre la calidad y relevancia del consentimiento, sus déficits y la forma de afrontarlos. Finalmente, se analizan de forma sintética algunas particularidades de las estrategias de prevención de la ciberdelincuencia (o mejor, de la cibervictimización), y se apuntan algunas reflexiones críticas sobre ciertos estereotipos en relación con el perfil del ofensor y de la víctima.
a la prevención del ciberdelito, el modo en que el comportamiento de la víctima en el ciberespacio influye decisivamente en la génesis del delito, señalándose al mismo tiempo algunos factores ambientales que empujan a las víctimas a adoptar elevados riesgos de victimización. Para ello, se esbozan, en primer lugar, los motivos que explican por qué el diseño de las arquitecturas digitales incrementan notablemente las oportunidades delictivas (que facilitan la cibervictimización) y cómo las notas definitorias del ciberespacio afectan sensiblemente en las actividades cotidianas de las personas y, más aún, en la inclinación del ser humano a adoptar estilos de vida de mayor riesgo. Seguidamente, se muestran cómo las perspectivas victimológica y victimodogmática revisten una singular importancia no solo en la explicación del evento delictivo y en las estrategias de prevención sino también en la atribución de responsabilidad jurídico-penal.
Partiendo de las características criminógenas de las arquitecturas digitales, se identifica un conjunto de rasgos (psicológicos, antropológicos y sociológicos) que inciden en el perfil de las víctimas o, cuando menos, de determinados grupos de víctimas. Dicho análisis estará enfocado a describir cómo el entorno influye en el modo de pensar y actuar de las personas,
dando lugar con posterioridad a analizar ciertas consideraciones sobre la calidad y relevancia del consentimiento, sus déficits y la forma de afrontarlos. Finalmente, se analizan de forma sintética algunas particularidades de las estrategias de prevención de la ciberdelincuencia (o mejor, de la cibervictimización), y se apuntan algunas reflexiones críticas sobre ciertos estereotipos en relación con el perfil del ofensor y de la víctima.
Research Interests:
The recent Constitutional Court Judgment (STC) No. 173/2011, of 7 November (rapporteur Gay Montalvo), has decided on a case that can mark the start of a new case law line in a fi eld, without a doubt, of enormous practical impact, as is... more
The recent Constitutional Court Judgment (STC) No. 173/2011, of 7 November (rapporteur Gay Montalvo), has decided
on a case that can mark the start of a new case law line in a fi eld, without a doubt, of enormous practical impact, as is the one
of the powers and limits of the police in the investigation and prosecution of offences in digital environments. This work, based
on this constitutional doctrine, suggests a refocusing of the topic on the powers of the police to apprehend the objects of the
offense.
on a case that can mark the start of a new case law line in a fi eld, without a doubt, of enormous practical impact, as is the one
of the powers and limits of the police in the investigation and prosecution of offences in digital environments. This work, based
on this constitutional doctrine, suggests a refocusing of the topic on the powers of the police to apprehend the objects of the
offense.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
The study of improper behaviour of employees in the use of the computer resources that a company provides them (PC, email, mobile telephone, PDA, etc.) represents an area of research of growing interest, in great part due to the financial... more
The study of improper behaviour of employees in the use of the computer resources that a company provides them (PC, email, mobile telephone, PDA, etc.) represents an area of research of growing interest, in great part due to the financial impact, both direct and indirect, it can have on profits. This article analyses the strategies for prevention and control of the use of new technologies by employees in a sample of Spanish companies.
Governance and direction of people and the prevention of abusive behaviour requires, at the very least, management formulas that take into account the different ethical, motivational and legal aspects involved so that the necessary control does not impinge on the creation and maintenance of the climate of trust required at organizations.
This study aims to contribute more knowledge on the reality of how different control mechanisms are introduced, in line with similar studies, though it focuses on the control activity itself and the company’s reaction, rather than the disloyal or abusive acts of employees. In conclusion, certain practical guidelines for companies are suggested with regard to controlling the activities of employees when using ICTs.
Governance and direction of people and the prevention of abusive behaviour requires, at the very least, management formulas that take into account the different ethical, motivational and legal aspects involved so that the necessary control does not impinge on the creation and maintenance of the climate of trust required at organizations.
This study aims to contribute more knowledge on the reality of how different control mechanisms are introduced, in line with similar studies, though it focuses on the control activity itself and the company’s reaction, rather than the disloyal or abusive acts of employees. In conclusion, certain practical guidelines for companies are suggested with regard to controlling the activities of employees when using ICTs.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests: Criminal Law, Criminal Justice, Globalization, Terrorism, Privacy, and 25 moreSociology of Crime and Deviance, International Criminal Law, Juvenile Justice, Organized Crime, Police, IT law, Police Technology, Crime Prevention, Transnational Crime, Policia, Drugs, Corruption, Police and Policing, DERECHO PENAL, Traffic, Information Technology and Security, Derecho penal y procesal penal, International Crimes, Global Crime, Measures of Prevention, Trafficking Human Beings, Research in Technology, Technology and it's Advancements, Cyber Crime and Technological Advancements, and Improvements to Globalization with IT Security and Reformation
Research Interests:
Objetivos Retos jurídico-penales: AI y delito La AI al servicio de la prevención, predicción y detección del delito (ex ante) y de la persecución e investigación criminal (ex post). Y las AI (robots, drones, máquinas inteligentes) como... more
Objetivos Retos jurídico-penales: AI y delito La AI al servicio de la prevención, predicción y detección del delito (ex ante) y de la persecución e investigación criminal (ex post). Y las AI (robots, drones, máquinas inteligentes) como factor que irrumpe en las estructuras de imputación de responsabilidad penal (teoría del delito). Triple perspectiva: ética, análisis de eficacia y/o eficiencia y responsabilidad jurídico-penal.