Criminology (Social Sciences)

Prisons, jails, and detention facilities, by definition, are designed to isolate and separate people from their communities. To challenge and upend carcerality requires not just dismantlement, but radical revisioning, a building – of flourishing, free and caring communities. Collectively developed responses and resources for people and ecosystems, led by those with lived experience of oppression, are the foundation for a world without prisons.

As ciências criminais - criminologia, direito penal e política criminal - têm assumido distintas configurações desde a proposta de Franz von Liszt no início do séc. XX. O direito penal já foi a principal ciência que contava com o auxílio de ciências assessórias. Mais adiante, transformou-se no instrumento jurídico da política-criminal. Atualmente, existe a tendência a ver as disciplinas numa condição de igualdade com autonomia científica. As qualidades científicas próprias da criminologia e do direito penal constam insuficientemente sublinhadas, impedindo o melhor funcionamento complementar no entendimento e no tratamento do fenômeno desviante. O presente estudo busca descrever quatro diferenças essenciais entre a criminologia e o direito penal.

Aktuelle Informationen über Befunde in Impfstoffen zur angeblichen Coronabekämpfung.

Gesunde Menschen, die in der guten Resonanz und in der Balance aller Kräfte sind, dürfen sich entspannt zurück lehnen und das Leben weiter, als ein Wächter am Leben und als ein Mit-Schöpfer weiter geniessen.
Es gibt Möglichkeiten der natürlichen Heilung auch für Geimpfte zur Entgiftung.

Auf Grund der 500% Steigerung von Sportlern die plötzlich im Kampfsport , bewusstlos umfallen, wird von jeder weiteren Giftaufnahme in den direkten Leib und Blutkreislauf abgeraten.

Die Anmerkungen vom Botschafter der physisch lebendigen Erde zu Infektion und hochgradiger Ansteckung bei Lachen und Freude.
Es ist der selbe Effekt mit der Resonanz, was Heilung und Gesundheit regeneriert, bewirken Dissonanzen das Gegenteil.

Bitte informiert euch und gebt diese wichtigen Informationen weiter.

The massacre of almost 50 Maidan protesters on February 20, 2014 was a turning point in Ukrainian politics and a tipping point in the conflict between the West and Russia over Ukraine. This mass killing of the protesters and the mass shooting of the police that preceded it led to the overthrow of the pro-Russian government of Viktor Yanukovych and gave a start to a civil war in Donbas in Eastern Ukraine, Russian military intervention in Crimea and Donbas, and an international conflict between the West and Russia over Ukraine. A conclusion promoted by the post-Yanukovych governments and the media in Ukraine that the massacre was perpetrated by government snipers and special police units on a Yanukovych order has been nearly universally accepted by the Western governments, the media, and many scholars. The Ukrainian government investigation identified members of the special company of Berkut as responsible for killings of the absolute majority of the protesters, but did not release any evidence in support, with the exception of videos of the massacre.
              The question is which side organized the “snipers’ massacre.” This paper is the first academic study of this crucial case of the mass killing. It uses a theory of rational choice and a Weberian theory of instrumental rationality to examine actions of major actors both from the Yanukovych government, specifically various police and security forces, and the Maidan opposition, specifically its far right and oligarchic elements, during the massacre.
          The paper analyzes a large amount of evidence from different publicly available sources concerning this massacre and killings of specifics protesters. Qualitative content analysis includes the following data: about 1,500 videos and recordings of live internet and TV broadcasts from mass media and social media in different countries(some 150 gigabytes), news reports and social media posts by more than 100 journalists covering the massacre from Kyiv, some 5,000 photos, and nearly 30 gigabytes of publicly available radio intercepts of snipers and commanders from the special Alfa unit of the Security Service of Ukraine and Internal Troops, and Maidan massacre trial recordings. This study also employs field research on site of the massacre, eyewitness reports by both Maidan protesters and government special units commanders, statements by both former and current government officials, estimates of approximate ballistic trajectories, bullets and weapons used, and types of wounds among both protesters and the police. This study establishes a precise timeline for various events of the massacre, the locations of both the shooters and the government snipers, and the specific timeline and locations of nearly 50 protesters’ deaths. It also briefly analyzes other major cases of violence during and after the “Euromaidan.” This study includes two video appendixes.
            This academic investigation concludes that the massacre was a false flag operation, which was rationally planned and carried out with a goal of the overthrow of the government and seizure of power. It found various evidence of the involvement of an alliance of the far right organizations, specifically the Right Sector and Svoboda, and oligarchic parties, such as Fatherland. Concealed shooters and spotters were located in at least 20 Maidan-controlled buildings or areas. The various evidence that the protesters were killed from these locations include some 70 testimonies, primarily by Maidan protesters, several videos of “snipers” targeting protesters from these buildings, comparisons of positions of the specific protesters at the time of their killing and their entry wounds, and bullet impact signs. The study uncovered various videos and photos of armed Maidan “snipers” and spotters in many of these buildings. The paper presents implications of these findings for understanding the nature of the change of the government in Ukraine, the civil war in Donbas, Russian military intervention in Crimea and Donbas, and an international conflict between the West and Russia over Ukraine.

Throughout December 2015 and July 2016 four Cuatro Tribus workshops were applied in the Juvenile Detention Center in Puebla Mexico (CIEPA). Each workshop consisted of seven sessions and a final tournament session. The initial goal was to offer a new source of entertainment and cognitive development to interned juvenile offenders. The pilot workshop lead to the impression that a systematic gathering of information from various observers could be integrated into a ​ high definition criminological profile. A certified Cuatro Tribus' coach facilitated three more workshops to 32 interned juveniles. Each participant's behavior during the game was recorded by interdisciplinary specialists from the internment center, the Sentence and Measures Bureau and the General Office for Reintegration Centers. These records provided reliable information to make ​ in situ interventions, evaluate the current lines of action for each intern and design new lines in favor of a more precise social reintegration. The materials used were four Cuatro Tribus board games and printed observation guides. At the end of the research, the program was considered a valid complementary tool for pedagogic and psychological reintegration treatment and continues to be applied at the Center. The participants' results of the workshop were filed to be used as an additional element for the jury in charge of reviewing the sentences. Ethical considerations and possible observation biases require an insightful review.

This research analyzes changes made by a juvenile court over five years toward the progressive inclusion of victims as “stakeholders” within the implementation and development of restorative justice practices. Beginning in 1999, the Clark County Juvenile Court (CCJC) in Washington State introduced a Victim Offender Mediation (VOM) program. Subsequently, the court altered diversion and probation practices in ways that provided several significant services to victims, and afforded victims increased decision-making capacity. In doing so, the court also amended how offenders fulfilled their diversion or probation requirements at the court, particularly in relation to its use of VOMs. This research follows the initial inclusion of victims as “stakeholders” within the use of VOMs beginning in 1999, and explicates how and where these stakeholder roles were amended over time until 2005, when the court had largely finalized the structure of victim involvement and participation. The ensuing d...

Im Kontext mit allen benannten Phänomenen in diesem Post, ergibt Alles ein schlüssiges Bild zu
„United States INC“ Konkurs?
Wieviel davon stimmt kann ich nicht sagen. Da ich die Wahrscheinlichkeit als eher hoch erachte, dass da im Hintergrund in diese Richtung schon was passiert ist und laufend "gewerkelt" wird, möchte ich diese interessante Meldung bringen. Interessant auch vor dem Hintergrund des buchstäblichen
Impfwahnsinns
und
was in Afghanistan passiert
und
der neuen Goldenen Bulle der Erlösung Proklamation
und
im Kontext mit der Papstrede im Deutschen Bundestag 2011,
sowie
neues von Prof. Franz Hörmann zu Zukunft der Wissenschaften und dem Gelsystem
und
Botschaften vom Botschafter der physisch lebendigen Erde zu Recht und Kräfte
über
der Wiederanbindung zum ein 1 einzig All-Bewusstsein
mit
der Wiederanbindung verloren gegangener Wahrnehmung der 12 Sinnesorgane.
und der physischen Lebenordnung kosmischer Gesetze mit den Naturgesetzen.
zuerst Video ansehen
https://www.academia.edu/video/kAwrO1

The world’s increasing population together with the amount of calories needed to meet dietary requirements has intensified food security concerns. As a result, the world’s energy demand has correspondingly risen mainly due to the preference for sophisticated food production-(usually energy–demanding), as well as mechanization of the food supply chain. Renewable energy has been pivotal in meeting the above demands by means of energy for food processing, storage and transport.

The surge in food prices has gained widespread consideration. Many factors such as cost of farm inputs, climatic patterns and land tenure systems account for the food price increases observed in recent decades. There is also common knowledge that renewable energy particularly –bioenergy as being a cause of the above. The quest for a safer energy against conventional fossil fuels has made first generation biofuels the go-to option resulting in competition for resources that would have otherwise been used to produce food or consumed as food. Hence the food price increments.

Bioenergy production may have a variable effect on food prices. Whereas the cultivation of first generation bioenergy crops can increase prices, it could also be the catalyst to induce investment in agriculture to increase crop yields that would ultimately stabilize prices. In the situation where resources for staple crops are shifted to   bioenergy feedstock, staple food prices would soar due to shortages. This suggests many people are likely to remain in perpetual hunger unless crops yields are enough to meet the dimensions of food security –availability, access, utilization and stability.

Food security and bioenergy have positive synergies as stated earlier. For example, while higher prices may boost local economies, bioenergy could strengthen food availability, access, utilization and stability to ensure food security. Additionally, bioenergy could mitigate energy deficiencies especially in the countryside. Proper management would be essential to ensure bioenergy production does not occur at the detriment of local livelihoods –notably food production and its consumption.

Objective We examine whether affective, verbal, and restitutive displays of remorse are associated with perceived offender immorality, as well as whether displays of remorse exert indirect effects on preferences for criminal sentencing via perceived offender immorality. Method Data are from an online survey, which included a sentencing vignette with experimental manipulations for offender remorse and items measuring sentencing preferences, perceived offender and offense immorality, and controls (N = 352). OLS regression and bias-corrected bootstrap confidence intervals were used to estimate direct and indirect effects. Replication analyses were conducted with two student samples (N = 103 and N = 131). Results Displays of remorse were associated with perceived offender immorality. Displays of remorse also exerted indirect effects on preferences for sentencing severity and support for particular sentencing goals (including incapacitation, rehabilitation, and restoration). Conclusions Affective, verbal, and restitutive displays of remorse may be associated with sentencing preferences via perceived offender immorality.

College sexual violence is an issue that has recently received a growing amount of
attention. Despite this attention, researchers have yet to take a comprehensive approach
that utilizes student, institutional and community level factors to better understand the
variance of sexual victimization rates across colleges and universities. This study first sets
the foundation for this type of research by identifying a theoretical framework that can
guide studies of this nature. The study then works through a number of related empirical
studies that help give credence to the necessity of this research. An initial regression
analysis is included to set the stage for future studies. The study concludes with the policy
implications and how this research will impact the work of administrators and
policymakers that are seeking to reduce campus sexual victimization rates.

This article establishes a state-of-the-art review about the contribution of the community factors in the study of developmental trajectories of antisocial and criminal behavior. It aims to clarify and organize what the scientific discourse says about the relationships between community and behavioral trajectories. With this purpose, divided in two directions it presents, analyzes and discusses the most relevant: (1) theoretical perspectives and (2) empirical studies that can be found within the subject of Developmental Criminology. Before that, a brief passage through the theoretical foundations of this theme – historically speaking, they precede Developmental Criminology (DC) but DC actualizes them – towards a wider theoretical comprehension of the origins and conceptual and empirical games at stake in the present. We will jump towards this review with a starting shot built upon the following questions – to be answered along the article: Which community factors have an impact on antisocial development/life paths and how much do they matter? What interactions do they have with other systems of influences? At what periods in individual’s lives (timing) do communities make an impact? Does the weight of its influence vary across developmental stages or age?



Este artigo realiza uma revisão teórica da contribuição dos fatores comunitários para as trajetórias de desenvolvimento antissocial e criminal. Procura esclarecer e organizar o que diz o discurso científico sobre as relações entre comunidade e trajetórias comportamentais. Para isso, apresenta, analisa e discute, por um lado, as perspetivas teóricas e, por outro, os estudos empíricos mais relevantes encontrados na disciplina da Criminologia Desenvolvimental. Antes disso, faz uma breve passagem pelas fundações teóricas do tema que precedem historicamente esta subdisciplina da Criminologia – que vai beber deles – para uma mais abrangente compreensão teórica das origens e jogos conceituais e empíricos que se observam no presente. Saltaremos para este “estado da arte” com um tiro de partida que se formula pelas seguintes perguntas – a que se procura dar resposta ao longo do artigo: quais os fatores comunitários que impactuam nas trajetórias antissociais/percursos de vida e qual o seu peso? Que interações tecem com outros sistemas de causação? Em que períodos da vida dos indivíduos (timing) surtem as comunidades a sua influência? A magnitude do impacto comunitário varia consoante o estágio desenvolvimental ou idade?

RESUMO O artigo ora apresentado tem por objetivo, por meio de uma reflexão em bases filosóficas, abordar e problematizar a questão da tolerância, a partir da visão exposta pelo pensamento de John Rawls e de outros pensadores e jusfilósofos contemporâneos, sobretudo das contribuições de Thomas Scanlon e Colin Bird, enfatizando sobretudo os dilemas surgidos em torno do tema e seu caráter paradoxal, indagando-se ainda pelos seus limites e até onde indivíduos e grupos sociais podem ou devem tolerar atos de intolerância.

This study analyses the criminal histories of Australian organised crime offenders. Most offenders associated with organised crime groups did not commit their first offence until adulthood; nearly one-third were aged 25 years or older when they committed their first offence. Offending was most common, and remained relatively stable, throughout their 20s and early 30s. Offending frequency gradually increased during this period, as did the seriousness of offences committed. Age at first offence and prevalence of offending varied by crime type. Certain offences—particularly those associated with organised crime— were more common among older offenders. As the first attempt to analyse the criminal histories of organised crime offenders in Australia, this study offers new insights into the extent, nature and seriousness of offending, which will help shape policy responses to organised crime.

This panel set out to explore the popular and scholarly literature on graffiti and street art, to assess what has been accomplished in these fields, and where scholarly research in the fields of criminology, criminal justice and allied social sciences and humanities must go to better understand these largely urban phenomena.

By the end of the 1950s, the social sciences played a role in allowing criminology to claim a proper academic/scientific status to be used as knowledge for those involved in the administration of the criminal justice system (Garland, 1994: 25 cited in Tirney, 2006:64). This essay will refer to Japanese contemporary penal strategies, with brief comparisons to the US and the UK, to critically discuss the contention that " All theories of crime are potentially theories of crime reduction/prevention. "

A methodology for developing and validating scores and composite indicators for measuring OC at national and subnational level


The aim of this working paper is to develop and test a methodology for measuring Organized Crime (henceforth OC) in selected countries of the Latin American region. This study is one of the first systematic attempts to obtain reliable and comparable measurements of OC presence and threats in that region.

The outcomes will provide a more comprehensive view on how to measure and analyze OC today in Latin America, taking the regional specificities of the phenomenon into account.  Moreover, creating a valid measurement of OC has important policy implications, since valid indicators may improve the effectiveness of government and enforcement actions.

Cosa si cela dietro l'immaginario che i media veicolano quando parlano di black bloc, terroristi e ragazzi dei centri sociali? Quali sono gli strumenti più duri di cui il controllo sociale dispone per contrastare conflittualità, dissidi e rivolte interne? Quali effetti produce su un territorio e sulla vita delle persone la violenza poliziesca? Che differenza può esprimere, rispetto alla solita analisi esterna, un racconto in presa diretta di un movimento come quello valsusino?
Attraverso il metodo etnografico, con un approccio che ibrida diverse discipline e le proprie conoscenze ed esperienze da militante, in questo suo lavoro Senaldi prova a squarciare il velo che avvolge l'attivismo politico, sia per quel che riguarda i suoi livelli organizzativi, le cornici teoriche e motivazionali e i sistemi di valori che esso incoraggia, sia per quel che riguarda le risposte istituzionali di cui i movimenti sono obiettivo. Un racconto dal vivo del conflitto, per dissipare la cortina di fumo che avvolge gli attivisti, spesso dipinti come “marziani” provenienti dalla “galassia dei centri sociali”.

We are amid a global pandemic; poverty is rising and the powerful are get-ting richer through mechanisms that exploit, oppress, and deprive others. Meanwhile, mainstream criminology remains oblivious to this dreadful sit-uation and sticks to micro-studies on regression analysis, street crime desis-tance and prison control. Before the world collapses, shall we revisit critical criminology (CC) to call attention to structural violences and injustices? How should CC look in the 21st century?


To cite this work/Para citar este trabajo: Vegh Weis, Valeria “Special Issue Critical Criminology for the 21st Century.” Howard Journal of Crime and Justice, Special Issue Critical Criminology Today, vol. 60, no. 3, Sep. 2021, pp. 281-455, https://doi.org/10.1111/hojo.12446

Ripercorrendone in modo rigoroso le principali teorie e tematiche, il volume aggiorna il dibattito critico sul discorso socio-criminologico, colmando il vuoto esistente nel mercato editoriale italiano su prospettive e sviluppi contemporanei delle teorie sociologiche della devianza e del crimine e proponendosi come un utile strumento di formazione critica per gli studenti di scienze sociali, politiche e giuridiche. Il volume è articolato in due sezioni. La prima è dedicata alla ricognizione delle teorie e approfondisce le strategie di identificazione e di definizione della devianza e del
crimine all’interno dei diversi ambiti storici e intellettuali, con attenzione agli aspetti metodologici e agli sviluppi delle singole prospettive nei contesti contemporanei. La seconda, invece, intercetta ambiti e tematiche di attualità, approfondendo aspetti esplicativi e applicativi delle diverse prospettive e individuandone la spendibilità in termini di interventi e politiche. Il suo approccio del tutto originale rispetto ai manuali
esistenti fa del volume un importante strumento per chi voglia accostarsi allo studio sociologico delle devianze e del crimine nel mondo contemporaneo.

Το άρθρο διερευνά τους τύπους των δολοφόνων όπως αυτοί παρουσιάζονται
στα μυθιστορήματα Προσωρινή διακοπή (2010) και Πυραμίδα από λάσπη (2014) του Andrea Camilleri, καθώς και στην Τριλογία της Κρίσεως (Ληξιπρόθεσμα δάνεια, 2010, Περαίωση, 2011, Ψωμί, Παιδεία, Ελευθερία, 2012) του Πέτρου Μάρκαρη. Πρόκειται για αστυνομικά μυθιστορήματα που πραγματεύονται την ανθρωποκτόνα βία και αναπαριστούν έντονα την ιταλική (Camilleri) και την ελληνική (Μάρκαρης) κρίση, κατά τη διάρκεια των οποίων συγγράφονται και εκδίδονται. Η μέθοδος εξέτασης των κειμένων στο παρόν άρθρο συνδυάζει την αφηγηματολογία, την εγκληματολογία και την πολιτική επιστήμη.

O que fez com que hoje nós não tenhamos a correta noção de como lidar com o fenômeno “crime”? O que faz com que tenhamos hoje um quadro gravíssimo de insegurança pública, mesmo tendo nossos governos investido tantos recursos nessa área nas últimas décadas? O que faz pensar que encarcerando uma parcela maior da sociedade estaremos combatendo eficazmente a criminalidade? O que ocasionou a nossa sociedade clamar por punições medievais e legitimá-las e as condições desumanas dos nossos cárceres, mesmo em pleno século 21? O que naturalizou e banalizou a violência cometida pelo Estado através de suas forças oficiais? Por que a Academia não consegue explicar e propor soluções viáveis a todo esse caos? E, ainda, quando são apresentadas tais soluções, por que não há utilização destas por parte dos agentes e agências (políticas) de poder? Onde foi que nós erramos?

Reprinted as: Cheliotis, L. K. and A. Liebling (2014, forthcoming) 'Race Matters in British Prisons: Towards a Research Agenda', in C. Phillips (ed.) Race and Crime, Volume III. London: Routledge.

Drawing on surveys of 4,860 prisoners’ perceptions of the quality of prison life in 49 establishments in England and Wales, this paper examines the extent to which prisoners viewed race relations in prison as problematic. Emphasis was placed upon how aspects of race relations were rated by different ethnic groups, and in individual prisons. Significant differences were found between prisons of the same security category. The findings support those of previous studies in that they raise concerns about the treatment of ethnic minority prisoners, particularly in some prisons. Attention was also paid to the role of gender, age and the security category of the prison. Ethnic minority prisoners tended to rate the quality of race relations in prison more poorly than their White counterparts. Large proportions amongst all ethnic minority groups felt that they were subject to unfair treatment compared to the White majority. On the whole, female prisoners were more likely than males to rate the quality of race relations more favourably, as were adult prisoners in comparison to their young counterparts. Gender and age had a considerable impact on the views of ethnic minority prisoners on the quality of race relations in the establishment. Perceived quality of race relations was significantly associated with prisoners’ views on more general aspects of their treatment in prison, such as respect, humanity, fairness, relationships with staff and safety. Neither the ethnic composition of each prison’s population nor the respective ratio of White to ethnic minority staff had a significant impact on how prisoners viewed the quality of race relations. These results suggest, amongst other things, that perceptions of the legitimacy of penal practices differ significantly between age and ethnic groups, and that attempts to reduce discrimination work more effectively in relation to distributive practices than in relation to attitudes and general treatment.

This research's main objective is to study various patterns of collaboration between stakeholders (central and local governments, tourism industry players, and affected communities) in the post-earthquake mitigation and recovery processes in tourist destinations in West Nusa Tenggara. This research methodologically uses a literary study approach. The relevant information has been collected from various news sources from electronic media, and then the information is arranged chronologically and thematically so that it can be studied further. In the research results section, we describe flashbacks of the Lombok earthquake disaster and then explain what has been done by the stakeholders. Finally, what should be done next in the post-disaster tourism destination recovery agenda? This study's insights may help policymakers, tourism businesses, and affected communities consider strategic collaborative measures in post-disaster recovery.

"The Criminalization of Immigration: Contexts and Consequences explores these competing narratives and the consequences of criminalizing immigration in the United States and abroad. It examines the impact of national, state, and local legislation on the psychosocial well being of immigrants. The book explores key ways in which immigration is criminalized, and examines how the problematization of immigration becomes a political tool. The first chapters of the book explore the criminalization of immigration through the lens of pacification and the theater of cruelty. In both chapters, the authors seek to understand the process of “othering” members of the immigrant population to exact social control and to mollify the public. These front chapters set the tone for remainder of the book. They provide the impetus for why states have enacted, or have attempted to enact state level immigration laws that make it nearly impossible for the undocumented to live within the boundaries of these states. In section two, three U.S. states are highlighted: Arizona, Alabama, and Indiana. While the chapters on Arizona and Alabama summarize key aspects of state laws, author Sujey Vega highlights the life of one undocumented immigrant as she navigates life in the Heartland.

The book then turns its focus to the criminalization of immigration in a socio-political context. Here, four chapters provide explorations of the criminalization of immigration on labor standards enforcement, immigrant detention, the right wing perspective in the United States and in Europe, and white supremacy. Labor standards impact the rate by which undocumented immigrants are paid, which in turn impacts their health and safety within and outside the workplace, protections from workplace discrimination, and collective activity protections. The criminalization of immigration erodes many of the workplace and labor protections that we have come to view as essential. Similarly, the privatization of corrections has influenced the incarceration and detention of many undocumented immigrants and has even influenced the very laws described in section two of this book. If not for the possibility of profiting off of the detention of the undocumented, many of immigration related laws would not have come to fruition.

The next section of the book provides a transnational and international context to the criminalization of immigration. With chapters focusing on human rights violations, the transnational dimensions of Mexican migration, the making of the Maras, and the criminalization of immigration in the United Kingdom, these chapters ask the reader to examine the criminalization of immigration from a broader perspective. The reader learns how national issues become international and, likewise how international immigration issues influence national policy.

The final chapters of the book put the human face on the criminalization of immigration. Each chapter represents a case study of a specific aspect of the criminalization of immigration. They approach the issue from the viewpoint of a day laborer, an undocumented woman who has become a victim of domestic violence, a child whose parents are undocumented, and a detention officer who wrestles with his decisions to continue his job. Regardless of which chapters one reads, the raw emotion felt by placing oneself in each context is overwhelming.

Overall, The Criminalization of Immigration: Contexts and Consequences provides a complete examination of an issue that cuts through emotional value conflicts. It provides the facts and knowledge essential for a fair and balanced debate"

EMENTA: Nesta décima primeira edição da disciplina, seguiremos enfoque específico a partir dos temas que têm sido trabalhados pelo professor, qual seja: etnografias da punição e do controle, com foco nos órgãos do sistema de justiça criminal, nas práticas de poder das elites jurídicas, nos espaços de produção da verdade jurídica e nas violências de Estado. Interpelar etnograficamente a normalização da cultura do castigo, práticas (extra)legais e (extra)judiciárias de punição e controle nas sociedades ao longo da história constitui pauta importante na agenda de pesquisa de diferentes áreas da ciência, notadamente das Ciências Sociais e Humanas. O que significa punir/controlar, especialmente no sistema de justiça criminal brasileiro? Por que punir/controlar? Como se pune/controla? Quem pune/controla? A quem se pune/controla? Para responder a estas e outras questões, muitos/as pesquisadores/as têm buscado a etnografia, enquanto método com especial enfoque no trabalho de campo e na observação participante, mas também enquanto postura e reflexividade em pesquisa empírica, considerando os aspectos éticos e seus desdobramentos. Propõe-se, nesta disciplina, reunir pesquisas empíricas, sobretudo etnográficas, sobre o tema em tela, em perspectiva local e também comparada, de maneira a visibilizar diferentes olhares etnográficos sobre as prisões e mecanismos de controle estatal em torno do modelo carcerário, dando especial atenção para questões tais como: seletividade penal, encarceramento em massa, facções prisionais, política de “guerra às drogas”, adolescentes infratores/as, mulheres encarceradas, presos/as LGBT, trabalho prisional, religião nas prisões, familiares de presos/as, egressos do sistema, alternativas penais vs. penas alternativas, usos discursivos e práticos da tortura, estado de exceção nas prisões, desaparecimento forçado, epidemia de Covid-19 nas prisões, gestão e accountability no Sistema Penitenciário, métrica e violência de Estado, vigilância e controles eletrônicos, governamentalidade neoliberal e monetarização da vida e da liberdade, presos imigrantes, presos indígenas, internação, isolamento, contenção, discriminação, estigma, entre outras. A etnografia, enquanto método e prática de pesquisa, aponta como meio e/ou recurso para lançar luzes sobre o eclipse persistente do universo carcerário, desvelando e contribuindo para elucidar o misticismo dentro e em torno do Estado, suas prisões e os interesses nem sempre explícitos da manutenção do poder e controle sobre as populações e toda a sociedade.

OBJETIVOS: O curso objetiva apresentar aos/às discentes as principais perspectivas presentes na literatura em Antropologia do Direito no Brasil, em diálogo com outros contextos; bem como apontar algumas convergências e tensões entre Antropologia Jurídica e/ou Antropologia do Direito no campo acadêmico na América Latina. Além da leitura de alguns dos textos fundadores da disciplina, serão priorizadas discussões de artigos, Monografias, Dissertações e Teses (trechos) desenvolvidos a partir de pesquisas empíricas, notadamente etnográficas, com foco especial na realidade das instituições jurídicas brasileiras, assim como também de filmes e documentários etnográficos sobre violência de Estado, castigo, punição e controle.

I processi di globalizzazione hanno finito col causare forme di convivenza reciprocamente escludentisi che generano una percezione sempre più forte della vulnerabilità collettiva.
La società postmoderna avverte il rischio sociale in relazione alla visibilità della minaccia, spesso presunta, cui è collegato: il “senza permesso di soggiorno”, il “senza fissa dimora” e il “senza lavoro” o, più in generale, il deviante, canalizza in un concreto tangibile tutte quelle forme di insicurezza relazionale derivanti dalla distorsione delle regole comunicative e dalla conseguente sospensione della fiducia intersoggettiva.
Questo volume descrive, in prima istanza, l’evoluzione dei concetti, delle categorie e degli idealtipi che hanno costituito e costituiscono la sociologia occidentale della “diversità deviante” – dall’uomo delinquente di Lombroso agli “scarti dell’umanità in esubero” di Bauman – con un utilizzo circostanziato delle fonti testuali calate, volta per volta, nel peculiare spaccato storico-culturale da cui traggono origine.
È, in secondo luogo, un atlante delle diversità, che delimitando i contorni dell’attuale cultura, “liquida” e “atlantica”, analizza le ragioni che fanno della devianza il prodotto di un processo di attribuzione di significato viziato a priori, e l’esito di un’interazione sbilanciata in cui il perdente, per la sua minorità economico-sociale e la sua estraneità culturale, è destinato come tale, fin dall’inizio, dalle stesse regole del gioco.

Seconda edizione aggiornata e corretta

Il volume intende fornire le basi per la comprensione delle principali tematiche legate all’ambito psicologico-forense e criminologico.
Proprio per questo presenta un taglio di tipo fortemente didattico, in grado di avvicinare il lettore allo studio delle due principali figure protagoniste dell’evento reato, vale a dire l’autore e la vittima; si sottolineerà inoltre l’importanza dello studio degli aspetti di carattere relazionale tra i soggetti coinvolti. Per l’autore si affronteranno le classiche tematiche di psicopatologia forense, vale a dire le questioni dell’imputabilità e della pericolosità sociale, con alcune riflessioni in tema di perizia criminologica; si studierà poi lo strumento c.d. criminal profiling.
Per la vittima si affronteranno, seppur brevemente, tutte le questioni che la possono riguardare prima, durante e dopo i due momenti fondamentali del reato e del processo. Verranno presentate poi riflessioni innovative in tema di autopsia psicologica e di mediazione penale.

Indice:
Presentazione
Diritto penale sostanziale
Diritto penale processuale
Parte I. L’ autore di reato
1. Personalità e diritto
2. L’ imputabilità: riflessioni de jure condito
3. La pericolosità sociale
4. Imputabilità e pericolosità sociale: riflessioni de jure condendo
5. Perizia criminologica e pericolosità sociale: un binomio da considerare
6. L’ autore non identificato: il Criminal Profiling
Parte II. La vittima di reato
Sezione I. La vittima e la vittimologia
7. La vittima nei diversi contesti
8 .La vittima in criminologia
9. La vittima in criminalistica
Sezione II. La vittima nel contesto del reato e del processo
10. La vittima prima del reato
11. La vittima durante il reato
12. La vittima dopo il reato: la fase delle indagini
13. La vittima dopo il reato: la testimonianza nel processo
14. Il testimone oculare
15. La vittima-testimone
16. La vittima dopo il processo
17. La vittima in mancanza del processo
18. Il testimone di giustizia
19. La vittima in mancanza del reato e le vittime in-credibili
20. Le vittime in-credibili: la vittima simulatrice
21. Le vittime in-credibili: la vittima immaginaria
22. Le vittime in-credibili: la vittima negatrice
23. Le vittime in-credibili: la vittima dissimulatrice
24. La vittima di suicidio
Bibliografia

Nota sull'Autore
Marco Monzani, giurista e criminologo, è docente di Psicologia Giuridica al corso di laurea in Psicologia dell’Educazione dell’Istituto Universitario IUSVE di Venezia Mestre, dove insegna anche Criminologia e Psicologia Investigativa al “Master Universitario Interdisciplinare di I° livello in Criminologia, Psicologia investigativa e Psicopedagogia forense”.
È inoltre docente di Criminologia alla facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia dell’Università degli Studi di Ferrara, dove collabora anche alle attività del “Centro Interdipartimentale di ricerca e servizi in Medicina legale applicata, Tecniche penalistico-criminologiche e Vittimologia”.

Report about the Maui-Molokai Adult Drug Court, which I created and which achieved over 12 years an 84% success rate for graduates, measured by whether a graduate committed another felony crime.  The program has  many innovative features, not utilized by other drug courts.  So far as I know, this is the only article that describes evolution of a drug court.

Desde 2007 se ha visto cómo en México las organizaciones de tráfico de drogas toman el poder de manera violenta y sangrienta, lo que ha dejado a decenas de miles de homicidios relacionados con las drogas (CIA World Factbook, 2014). De acuerdo a la Encuesta de Seguridad Pública Urbana  de México (ENSU, 2014) el 72.4% de la población mayor a 18 años considera que la vida es la ciudad donde radica es insegura, incrementándose 4.4% de diciembre 2013 a 2014. De estos el 69% ha visto situaciones de consumo de alcohol en las calles cercanas a su vivienda, 66.4% ha visto robos o asaltos, 56.5% vandalismo, y 40.2% venta o consumo de drogas.
En la misma encuesta se especifica que el 27.6% de la población en México piensa que la seguridad pública empeorará en los siguientes 12 meses, mientras que el 37.2% dice que seguirá igual. En lo que concierne a la atestiguación de conductas delictivas, las principales son: consumo de alcohol en las calles, robos o asaltos, vandalismo en las viviendas o negocios, venta o consumo de drogas, bandas violentas o pandillerismo y disparos frecuentes con armas.