- Water resources, European Union, International Relations, Water, Water Conflicts, Water governance, and 43 moreWater quality, European History, European integration, Turkey, Monitoring, Water Policy, History, International Relations Theory, International Security, Uluslararası İlişkiler, Climate Change, Environmental Geography, Uluslararası Sistem, Türkiye Dış Politikası, Water Framework Directive, Wfd Turkey, Sociology, Political Science, Human Rights, International Law, Political Theory, Environmental Sustainability, Climate Change in Developing Countries, Middle East Studies, Climate Politics, Integrated Water Resources Management, Sustainable Water Resources Management, International law and Transboundary Water Resources, Natural Resources Management, Water Security, Middle East Politics, Climate Change Adaptation, Modern Turkey, Transboundary Water Issues, Turkish Foreign Policy, International Studies, Global (North/South) Environmental Politics, Turkish and Middle East Studies, Environmentalism, Climate Change Impacts, Syria, Political Ecology (Anthropology), and Turkey and Global Climate Change Politicsedit
- Dr. Vakur Sumer is a faculty member at Department of International Relations, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey. Sumer... moreDr. Vakur Sumer is a faculty member at Department of International Relations, Selcuk University,
Konya, Turkey. Sumer has received his Ph.D. on International Relations, from Middle East Technical
University, Ankara, Turkey. He has worked as a post-doctoral fellow at the Global Research Institute
at University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, NC, USA, and as a visiting scholar at the Department of
Environmental Science and Policy, University of California-Davis, CA, USA. He has been a researcher
at Max Planck Institute in Heidelberg, Germany in 2012. Sumer has published articles in journals
such as Water International and Journal of Peacebuilding and Development. He has recently coedited
a volume, Sustainable Water use and Management, published by Springer in
2015; along with a forthcoming book from I.B. Tauris: Water and Politics in Turkey: Structural
Change and EU Accession. He also has attended a number of international and national academic
conferences. His areas of expertise include water issues, transboundary rivers, environmental
politics, and Turkey’s accession to the European Union. Sumer is a member of ISA (International
Studies Association), Environmental Studies Section of ISA, and the International Water Association
(IWA).edit
This chapter provides a comprehensive discussion of the environmental peacebuilding literature with a special focus on the Middle East. It reviews the different streams of research which contribute to our understanding of environmental... more
This chapter provides a comprehensive discussion of the environmental peacebuilding literature with a special focus on the Middle East. It reviews the different streams of research which contribute to our understanding of environmental peacebuilding. The chapter formulates some suggestions for the theoretical integration of the different approaches. It presents two case studies which illustrate and extend the potentials and pitfalls of environmental peacebuilding in the Middle East: interactions between Turkey, Syria, and Iraq concerning the Euphrates and Tigris river basin(s); and water-related cooperation between Israel and Jordan. The trust building process between Israel and Jordan can be divided into three steps: establishing a water regime; institutionalizing the regime by a joint water committee build the peace treaty; and implementing the regime with a joint desalination project, based on game changing technological innovation
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1.Introduction -- 2.The Development Process of Environmental Law in Turkey: The EU Impact -- 3.Drawing a General Framework for Turkish Environmental Law -- 4.Environmental Administration and Management in Turkey -- 5.Environmental Impact... more
1.Introduction -- 2.The Development Process of Environmental Law in Turkey: The EU Impact -- 3.Drawing a General Framework for Turkish Environmental Law -- 4.Environmental Administration and Management in Turkey -- 5.Environmental Impact Assessment in Turkey: A Principal Environmental Management Tool -- 6.Instruments of Environmental Compliance -- 7.Addressing Environmental Struggles: Environmental Cases in Turkey: A Project Experience -- 8.Addressing the Challenge of Food Security in Turkey -- 9.Exploring Environmental Justice: Meaningful Participation and Turkey’s Small-Scale Hydroelectricity Power Plants Practices -- 10.Conclusion: Creating A Path Forward for Turkish Environmental Law and Policies. .
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Su, bireylerin en temel gereksinimi olma ve baslica ekonomik faaliyetlere kaynaklik etme ozelligi ile uluslarin devamliligi icin yasamsal bir kaynaktir. 1970'lerden gunumuze dunyada ozellikle kurak ve yari-kurak iklim kusaklarinda yer... more
Su, bireylerin en temel gereksinimi olma ve baslica ekonomik faaliyetlere kaynaklik etme ozelligi ile uluslarin devamliligi icin yasamsal bir kaynaktir. 1970'lerden gunumuze dunyada ozellikle kurak ve yari-kurak iklim kusaklarinda yer alan ulkelerin saglikli ve yeterli su kaynaklarina ulasmada karsilastiklari guclukler ve giderek artan su kitliginin sosyal, ekonomik ve politik yasama olan olumsuz etkileri gozlenmistir. Ote yandan dunyada cogunlukla gelismekte olan ulkelerin yeraldigi cesitli bolgeler (Orta Dogu, Kuzey Afrika, Guneydogu Asya) ise suyun en kit oldugu bolgeler olarak tanimlanmistir. Bu carpici gelismeler sonucunda, cesitli disiplinlerden akademisyen ve uzmanlar arasinda su kaynaklari arz ve talep dengesinin bozulmasinin bir sonucu olarak ortaya cikabilecek catismalarla ilgili suregelen bir tartisma baslamistir. Bu tartisma cercevesinde, Uluslararasi Iliskiler Disiplininin realizm ve liberalist kurumsalcilik gibi onde gelen teorik yaklasimlari ve uluslararasi (liberal) siyasi iktisat gibi alt kollarinin temel onermeleriyle bagdastirilabilecek sinirasan su kaynaklari politikalarina iliskin uc yaklasim tanimlanabilir: “Su Savaslari” (Realizm), Butuncul Su Kaynaklari Yonetimi (Kurumsalcilar) ve Sanal Su (Uluslararasi Siyasi Iktisat). Makale, sinirasan nehir havzalarindaki su uyusmazliklariyla ilgili bu yaklasimlari Uluslararasi Iliskiler Disipliniyle iliskilendirerek tartismaktadir.
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After some lengthy processes of preparation and consultation, a new framework water law has now been declared as “ready” for Parliamentary procedures. Since Turkey aspires for European Union membership, harmonization with Water Framework... more
After some lengthy processes of preparation and consultation, a new framework water law has now been declared as “ready” for Parliamentary procedures. Since Turkey aspires for European Union membership, harmonization with Water Framework Directive (WFD) is one of the key priorities within environmental negotiations. From the outset, the newly proposed water law has been drafted with an eye on WFD requirements. It also targets to eliminate the so-called “patchwork” of water-related legislation in Turkey through adoption of a single yet comprehensive law. This paper analyzes the recent draft Turkish water law in light of WFD rules and principles. It has been observed that the proposed water law appears to be largely in line with these rules. However, there is room for improvement as well. For instance, although the proposed law mentions the full-cost-recovery principle, which is one of indispensable elements of WFD, there is a degree of ambiguity in the law on whether environmental and resource costs would be calculated and recovered in full. It is anticipated that a number of by-laws would provide full-fledged frameworks of operationalization on issues that are not sufficiently articulated in the law itself
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Research Interests: Civil Engineering, Water, Political Science, Water resources, Politics, and 13 moreEuropean Union, Integrated Water Resources Management, Water Management, Water Policy, Developing Country, TURKISH, Water resource management, Water Framework Directive, EU Water Framework Directive, Water Science and Technology, Accession, Directive, and Integrated Water Resource Management
Su, bireylerin en temel gereksinimi olma ve baslica ekonomik faaliyetlere kaynaklik etme ozelligi ile uluslarin devamliligi icin yasamsal bir kaynaktir. 1970'lerden gunumuze dunyada ozellikle kurak ve yari-kurak iklim kusaklarinda yer... more
Su, bireylerin en temel gereksinimi olma ve baslica ekonomik faaliyetlere kaynaklik etme ozelligi ile uluslarin devamliligi icin yasamsal bir kaynaktir. 1970'lerden gunumuze dunyada ozellikle kurak ve yari-kurak iklim kusaklarinda yer alan ulkelerin saglikli ve yeterli su kaynaklarina ulasmada karsilastiklari guclukler ve giderek artan su kitliginin sosyal, ekonomik ve politik yasama olan olumsuz etkileri gozlenmistir. Ote yandan dunyada cogunlukla gelismekte olan ulkelerin yeraldigi cesitli bolgeler (Orta Dogu, Kuzey Afrika, Guneydogu Asya) ise suyun en kit oldugu bolgeler olarak tanimlanmistir. Bu carpici gelismeler sonucunda, cesitli disiplinlerden akademisyen ve uzmanlar arasinda su kaynaklari arz ve talep dengesinin bozulmasinin bir sonucu olarak ortaya cikabilecek catismalarla ilgili suregelen bir tartisma baslamistir. Bu tartisma cercevesinde, Uluslararasi Iliskiler Disiplininin realizm ve liberalist kurumsalcilik gibi onde gelen teorik yaklasimlari ve uluslararasi (liberal) siyasi iktisat gibi alt kollarinin temel onermeleriyle bagdastirilabilecek sinirasan su kaynaklari politikalarina iliskin uc yaklasim tanimlanabilir: “Su Savaslari” (Realizm), Butuncul Su Kaynaklari Yonetimi (Kurumsalcilar) ve Sanal Su (Uluslararasi Siyasi Iktisat). Makale, sinirasan nehir havzalarindaki su uyusmazliklariyla ilgili bu yaklasimlari Uluslararasi Iliskiler Disipliniyle iliskilendirerek tartismaktadir.
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Purpose: The main objective in writing this paper is to conceptually frame not only problems but also proposed solutions, particularly the Friendship Dam between Syria and Turkey, associated with problems in the Orontes River Basin.... more
Purpose: The main objective in writing this paper is to conceptually frame not only problems but also proposed solutions, particularly the Friendship Dam between Syria and Turkey, associated with problems in the Orontes River Basin. Design/methodology/approach: The research took the Friendship Dam project as a proposed solution to problems in the Orontes Basin, and evaluated in in the context of Nexus thinking, highlighting the lacking dimensions in the project. Findings: According to Nexus thinking, there are basically two missing links: environment (EIA) and resettlement issues remains unresolved, this limiting the sustainability of the project. Originality/value: The Friendship Dam between Syria and Turkey, as a multipurpose project, has not been studied in the light of Nexus approach, which has a potential to enable one to critically assess the pros and cons of the project that is mainly aimed at sustainability in the transboundary basin of Orontes. Findings of this paper could be used in order to improve the project so that it could yield greater results in terms of societal and environmental sustainability.
Research Interests: International Relations, International Studies, International Law, Water quality, Sustainable Development, and 13 moreWater resources, Turkey, Sustainable Water Resources Management, Syria, Environmental Sustainability, Friendship, Modern Turkey, Integrated Water Resources Management, Water-Food-Energy-Climate Change Nexus, Water Quality, Transboundary Water Issues, Sustainability, and Water Energy Nexus
After some lengthy processes of preparation and consultation, a new framework water law has now been declared as “ready” for Parliamentary procedures. Since Turkey aspires for European Union membership, harmonization with Water Framework... more
After some lengthy processes of preparation and consultation, a new framework water law has now been declared as “ready” for Parliamentary procedures. Since Turkey aspires for European Union membership, harmonization with Water Framework Directive (WFD) is one of the key priorities within environmental negotiations. From the outset, the newly proposed water law has been drafted with an eye on WFD requirements. It also targets to eliminate the so-called “patchwork” of water-related legislation in Turkey through adoption of a single yet comprehensive law. This paper analyzes the recent draft Turkish water law in light of WFD rules and principles. It has been observed that the proposed water law appears to be largely in line with these rules. However, there is room for improvement as well. For instance, although the proposed law mentions the full-cost-recovery principle, which is one of indispensable elements of WFD, there is a degree of ambiguity in the law on whether environmental and resource costs would be calculated and recovered in full. It is anticipated that a number of by-laws would provide full-fledged frameworks of operationalization on issues that are not sufficiently articulated in the law itself
Research Interests:
Ethics, Sustainability and Water Management: A Canadian Case Study.- Water as an element of urban design: Drawing Lessons from four European Case Studies.- Water Consumption in Dormitories: Insight from an Analysis in the United States.-... more
Ethics, Sustainability and Water Management: A Canadian Case Study.- Water as an element of urban design: Drawing Lessons from four European Case Studies.- Water Consumption in Dormitories: Insight from an Analysis in the United States.- Water Resource Management in Larisa: a "Tragedy of the Commons?".- Collective versus household iron removal from groundwater at villages in Lithuania.- The Contribution of Education for Sustainable Development in Promoting Sustainable Water Use.- Water security problems in Asia and longer term implications for Australia.- Social networks in water governance and climate adaptation in Kenya.- Eco-feedback technology's influence on water conservation attitudes and intentions of university students in the USA: an experiment design.- Farm Management in Crop Production Under Limited Water Conditions in Balkh, Afghanistan.- Sustainability of Effective Use of Water Sources in Turkey.- Moving towards an Anthropogenic Metabolism-based and Pressu...
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Theoretical Insights into the Actorness of the EU and WTO in a Globalizibg World, pp. 179-186
Today, 40% of the world’s population lives in areas falling in a transboundary river basin (UN-Water 2008, 1). Thewater-scarce Middle East region in particular is known for the fact that a considerable amount of its freshwater resources... more
Today, 40% of the world’s population lives in areas falling in a transboundary river basin (UN-Water 2008, 1). Thewater-scarce Middle East region in particular is known for the fact that a considerable amount of its freshwater resources (surface waters, and aquifers) cross national boundaries. This, in turn, necessitates cooperation to facilitate optimum use of these scarce transboundary water resources.
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This chapter starts with presenting an overview of the current situation in Mesopotamia in terms of both water resources and increasing impacts of climate change over water resources. The existing literature on potential problems of... more
This chapter starts with presenting an overview of the current situation in Mesopotamia in terms of both water resources and increasing impacts of climate change over water resources. The existing literature on potential problems of climate change in Euphrates-Tigris region will also be discussed. Then the chapter turns to the question of how countries of the region may come together around the theme of water and increase their adaptive capacities in the face of climate-related threats.
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The European Union's (EU) Water Framework Directive (WFD) has been designed to be the centrepiece of legislation for the management of European waters. It was finally adopted in 2000 following a series of lengthy negotiations among... more
The European Union's (EU) Water Framework Directive (WFD) has been designed to be the centrepiece of legislation for the management of European waters. It was finally adopted in 2000 following a series of lengthy negotiations among the parties involved. It is accepted ...
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Since the early 1990s, the integrated water resources management (IWRM) approach has been championed and adopted by some of the industrialized states. The present paper analyzes the IWRM approach through an historical narrative while... more
Since the early 1990s, the integrated water resources management (IWRM) approach has been championed and adopted by some of the industrialized states. The present paper analyzes the IWRM approach through an historical narrative while emphasizing divergences in the priorities and requirements of the developing and developed countries. Then, the paper examines water resources management in Turkey taking into consideration the
Research Interests: Civil Engineering, Water, Political Science, Water resources, Politics, and 13 moreEuropean Union, Integrated Water Resources Management, Water Management, Water Policy, Developing Country, TURKISH, Water resource management, Water Framework Directive, EU Water Framework Directive, Water Science and Technology, Accession, Directive, and Integrated Water Resource Management
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Following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the subsequent War of Liberation (1919-1922), the Republic of Turkey was founded in 1923. This chapter presents an examination of the historical evolution including the changes and... more
Following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the subsequent War of Liberation (1919-1922), the Republic of Turkey was founded in 1923. This chapter presents an examination of the historical evolution including the changes and continuities of the legal regime for water management in Turkey. The methodology in analyzing the water related legislation in Turkey will be an examination of the content of the legal texts. The legal regime for water management in Turkey is characterized by the lack of a comprehensive legal framework, ambiguity in terms of 'user rights', and a variety of roles of responsible authorities which creates a complex and fragmented organizational structure. In Turkey, sources of law can be divided into a number of categories: the Constitution, laws, decree-laws, regulations, by-laws, communiques , circulars, international agreements, and customary law. Keywords: international agreements; legal texts; Turkey; water management
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After negotiations lasting for nearly a decade, India and Pakistan, with help the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD, today’s World Bank), agreed on the ‘Treatybetween the Government of India and the Government of... more
After negotiations lasting for nearly a decade, India and Pakistan, with help the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD, today’s World Bank), agreed on the ‘Treatybetween the Government of India and the Government of Pakistan concerning the most Complete and Satisfactory Utilization of the Waters of the Indus System of Rivers’, also known as the Indus Treaty, on September 19, 1960. Along with the IBRD, the Treaty was signed by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru of India and President Ayub Khan of Pakistan.Having survived all the ups and downs in India-Pakistan relations since then, including several wars; Indus Treaty is regarded as one of the most successful and durable international agreements in terms of transboundary water cooperation. Since its inception, Parties met more than hundred times to discuss matter of implementation of the Treaty. However, the treaty now faces the most serious test as the grip of water scarcity in both countries gets tighter.
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Big structures are the perfect candidates for big achievements, but also failures. The Tabqa Dam is the biggest dam in Syria and it is also one of the biggest in the Middle East. It has now become one the hotspots in water management... more
Big structures are the perfect candidates for big achievements, but also failures. The Tabqa Dam is the biggest dam in Syria and it is also one of the biggest in the Middle East. It has now become one the hotspots in water management politics in the region. Chasing Daesh, the American-led coalition conducted airstrikes which also hit the Tabqa Dam, in late March.
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Büyük yapılar, büyük başarılar için olduğu kadar büyük başarısızlıklar için de mükemmel adaylardır. Tabka Barajı, Suriye'nin en büyük barajı; Ortadoğu'nun ise en büyük barajlarından bir tanesidir. Baraj şu anda, bölgedeki su yönetimi... more
Büyük yapılar, büyük başarılar için olduğu kadar büyük başarısızlıklar için de mükemmel adaylardır. Tabka Barajı, Suriye'nin en büyük barajı; Ortadoğu'nun ise en büyük barajlarından bir tanesidir. Baraj şu anda, bölgedeki su yönetimi politikaları hususunda önemli merkezlerden birisi haline gelmiştir. DAEŞ’in peşinde olan Amerika liderliğindeki koalisyon Mart ayı sonlarında Tabka Barajını da hedef alan hava saldırıları düzenledi.
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Beside the re-handling of the Memorandum of Understanding on Water Issues Between Iraq and Turkey during his visit to Turkey last week, visionary remarks by Iraqi Water Resources Minister His Excellency Dr. Hassan Jenabi at the Embassy of... more
Beside the re-handling of the Memorandum of Understanding on Water Issues Between Iraq and Turkey during his visit to Turkey last week, visionary remarks by Iraqi Water Resources Minister His Excellency Dr. Hassan Jenabi at the Embassy of Iraq signaled a new beginning in the long history of Turkish-Iraqi water dialogue.
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Irak ve Türkiye Arasında Su Sorunlarına Yönelik Mutabakat Zaptı’nın yeniden ele alınmasının yanı sıra geçtiğimiz hafta Türkiye ziyareti esnasında Irak Su Kaynakları Bakanı Sayın Hasan El Cenabi’nin Irak Büyükelçiliği'ndeki öngörülü... more
Irak ve Türkiye Arasında Su Sorunlarına Yönelik Mutabakat Zaptı’nın yeniden ele alınmasının yanı sıra geçtiğimiz hafta Türkiye ziyareti esnasında Irak Su Kaynakları Bakanı Sayın Hasan El Cenabi’nin Irak Büyükelçiliği'ndeki öngörülü sözleri, uzun Türk-Irak su diyaloğu tarihinde yeni bir başlangıca işaret etmekteydi.
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Starting from early years of the twentieth century, many countries of the Middle East have experienced a process of water infrastructure construction which I would call the “blue revolution”. It is a well-known fact that the Middle East... more
Starting from early years of the twentieth century, many countries of the Middle East have experienced a process of water infrastructure construction which I would call the “blue revolution”. It is a well-known fact that the Middle East is one of the regions that has very scarce water resources. Middle Eastern states were compelled to construct huge water infrastructure. These superstructures were complemented by irrigation networks, electrical grids, urban water networks, etc. This first wave of the blue revolution yielded significant contributions to growing needs of populations of the region throughout the last century.
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Starting from early years of the twentieth century, many countries of the Middle East have experienced a process of water infrastructure construction which I would call the “blue revolution”. It is a well-known fact that the Middle East... more
Starting from early years of the twentieth century, many countries of the Middle East have experienced a process of water infrastructure construction which I would call the “blue revolution”. It is a well-known fact that the Middle East is one of the regions that has very scarce water resources. Middle Eastern states were compelled to construct huge water infrastructure. These superstructures were complemented by irrigation networks, electrical grids, urban water networks, etc. This first wave of the blue revolution yielded significant contributions to growing needs of populations of the region throughout the last century
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In his pioneer work in 1936, Harold Laswell defined the politics through who gets what, when and where. This definition cannot be considered outdated despite the past long years. In addition to the definition preserving its validity... more
In his pioneer work in 1936, Harold Laswell defined the politics through who gets what, when and where. This definition cannot be considered outdated despite the past long years. In addition to the definition preserving its validity concerning the pure politics, its inspiring adaptations also await to be discovered in different fields. One of these fields is water security.
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Security studies have experienced a proliferation following the Cold War. Previously neglected (or less studied) aspects of the security became under closer scrutiny. Human security is one of these concepts. It is indeed an effort for a... more
Security studies have experienced a proliferation following the Cold War. Previously neglected (or less studied) aspects of the security became under closer scrutiny. Human security is one of these concepts. It is indeed an effort for a synthesis, through which one can see the evolution of the security studies in the last several decades. It is a very broad –perhaps one of the broadest- terms in security studies.Middle East provides an unfortunately perfect microcosm where observationscan be made on how nearly all dimensions of human security are being gravely violated in considerable parts of the region.
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There are nearly half a thousand international agreements concerning the management of transboundary water resources. Despite it accounts for at least 50% of current water supplies globally, groundwaters are handled by only a very small... more
There are nearly half a thousand international agreements concerning the management of transboundary water resources. Despite it accounts for at least 50% of current water supplies globally, groundwaters are handled by only a very small percentage of these agreements. With respect to Middle East, there are currently four agreements explicitly regulating transboundary groundwaters. These are the Convention between Syria and Lebanon on the Distribution of Al-Asi (the Orontes) River (1994), the Jordan-Israel Peace Treaty (1994), the Interim Agreement between the Palestine Liberation Organization and Israel (1995), and the Agreement between the Government of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and the Government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for the Management and Utilization of the Ground Waters in the Al-Sag/Al-Disi Layer (2015).
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The significance of Mosul unfolds itself in numerous dimensions. Its place in history is extraordinary. The great Assyrian city of Nineveh, where today’s Mosul is also situated, was once the largest city in the world. It has... more
The significance of Mosul unfolds itself in numerous dimensions. Its place in history is extraordinary. The great Assyrian city of Nineveh, where today’s Mosul is also situated, was once the largest city in the world. It has traditionally been one of the points where eastern and western civilizations have incessantly mingled into a rich fusion. This may explain Mosul’s diverse ethnic mix and the city’s regional impact which continues to make it one of the greatest centers in the modern Middle East. It is currently the third largest city in Iraq, following the capital Baghdad and Basra.
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More than two decades passed since the landmark deal between Israelis and Palestinians, namely the Oslo Accords. Water has always been a focal point in relations between the two. The World Bank has recently announced that the water... more
More than two decades passed since the landmark deal between Israelis and Palestinians, namely the Oslo Accords. Water has always been a focal point in relations between the two. The World Bank has recently announced that the water scarcity in Gaza Strip is getting dangerously alarming. The West Banks represents a similar setting. The water situation in Palestine today made more people ask why did the Oslo Accords failed in contributing to solutions of water related problems in Palestine.
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“Oriental Despotism” is a great book. The author, Karl Wittfogel, a notable German-American expert on Chinese anthropology, writing in 1957, had argued that requirements of large scale hydraulic works were the main reason for appearance... more
“Oriental Despotism” is a great book. The author, Karl Wittfogel, a notable German-American expert on Chinese anthropology, writing in 1957, had argued that requirements of large scale hydraulic works were the main reason for appearance of despotic states in ancient times. According to Wittfogel, a powerful hydro-bureaucracy emerged in a setting characterized by Marxists as “Asiatic mode of production” which -primarily- was based on irrigation. In this, control of water supply, or in Wittfogel’s words, a “hydraulic monopoly” was the basis for ruling structure in such societies.
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On September 20, 2016, three major riparians of the Nile transboundary river basin, namely Egypt, Ethiopia and Sudan signed a contract to carry out environmental impact studies on Ethiopia's Grand Renaissance Dam (GERD) on the Nile. It... more
On September 20, 2016, three major riparians of the Nile transboundary river basin, namely Egypt, Ethiopia and Sudan signed a contract to carry out environmental impact studies on Ethiopia's Grand Renaissance Dam (GERD) on the Nile. It became possible after a lengthy and tumultuous process of negotiations and dissent. After 2015’s agreement on the Khartoum Declaration, which laid down a number of general principles, September’s agreement appears to be another milestone in cooperation over Nile issues. It should be noted, nevertheless, some fundamental matters remain to be resolved.
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he UN has recently declared “the Paris Agreement will enter into force on 4 November 2016, thirty days after the date on which at least 55 Parties to the Convention accounting in total for at least an estimated 55 % of the total global... more
he UN has recently declared “the Paris Agreement will enter into force on 4 November 2016, thirty days after the date on which at least 55 Parties to the Convention accounting in total for at least an estimated 55 % of the total global greenhouse gas emissions have deposited their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession with the Depositary.” Many would agree that this statement represents a historic step in global climate change politics, which was made possible by European Union’s ratification of the treaty last week.
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JMP is an acronym for Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply and Sanitation. It is administered by World Health Organization and UNICEF. It was a program launched some quarter century ago, in 1990, following the International... more
JMP is an acronym for Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply and Sanitation. It is administered by World Health Organization and UNICEF. It was a program launched some quarter century ago, in 1990, following the International drinking-water Supply and Sanitation Decade (1981-1990), upon the recognition of the fact that a better system was needed to monitor progress at the country level. It now tracks progress for 215 countries, areas and territories. Its findings with regard to Millennium Development Goal No. 7.C on safe water supply and basic sanitation reveal significant lessons for the Middle East.
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Joint Monitoring Program (Ortak İzleme Programı), kısaca JMP, su ve sanitasyon için geliştirilmiş ortak bir izleme programıdır. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü ve UNICEF tarafından yönetilmektedir. Program, çeyrek asır önce 1990’da, Uluslararası İçme... more
Joint Monitoring Program (Ortak İzleme Programı), kısaca JMP, su ve sanitasyon için geliştirilmiş ortak bir izleme programıdır. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü ve UNICEF tarafından yönetilmektedir. Program, çeyrek asır önce 1990’da, Uluslararası İçme Suyu Arzı ve Sanitasyon on yılını (1981-1990) takiben,ilerlemeleri ülke boyutunda izlemek için daha iyi bir sisteme ihtiyaç duyulduğuna dair farkındalığın oluşması üzerine yürütülmeye başlamıştır. Şuan itibarıyla, 215 ülke, bölge ve toprakta (territory) meydana gelen ilerlemeleri izlemektedir. Programın, Binyıl Kalkınma Hedefleri Raporu’nun güvenli içme suyu arzı ve temel sanitasyon hakkındaki 7.C numaralı maddesine ilişkin bulguları, Orta Doğu’ya dair çok önemli ödevleri ortaya çıkarmaktadır.
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In recent decades, the Middle East witnessed a number of cases where regular state authority diminished and partly replaced by a number of non-state actors. One of the less studied outcomes of this process is related to already stressed... more
In recent decades, the Middle East witnessed a number of cases where regular state authority diminished and partly replaced by a number of non-state actors. One of the less studied outcomes of this process is related to already stressed water resources of the region. Water is linked to power in the Middle East, perhaps more than any other part of the world it is.
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Son yıllarda Ortadoğu düzenli devlet otoritesinineriyerek yerini pek çok devlet dışı aktöre bıraktığı çok sayıda duruma tanık olmuştur. Bu sürecin üzerinde az çalışılan sonuçlarından biri de bölgedeki su kaynaklarının mevcut durumda... more
Son yıllarda Ortadoğu düzenli devlet otoritesinineriyerek yerini pek çok devlet dışı aktöre bıraktığı çok sayıda duruma tanık olmuştur. Bu sürecin üzerinde az çalışılan sonuçlarından biri de bölgedeki su kaynaklarının mevcut durumda kısıtlı olması ile ilişkilidir. Su, dünyanın diğer çoğu bölgesinde olduğundan belki de daha fazla Ortadoğu’da, güçle ilişki içindedir.
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Gaza strip has long been one of the epicenters of water crisis in the eastern Mediterranean coast, also known as the Levant. The recent Turkish-Israeli deal, which involves the issue of water as one of its core elements, has a significant... more
Gaza strip has long been one of the epicenters of water crisis in the eastern Mediterranean coast, also known as the Levant. The recent Turkish-Israeli deal, which involves the issue of water as one of its core elements, has a significant potential to ameliorate the water problems in Gaza.
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Gazze şeridi, aynı zamanda Levant olarak da bilinen Doğu Akdeniz kıyısında su krizinin patlak verdiği noktalardan biri olmuştur. Su konusunun da ana unsurlardan biri olarak yer aldığı, Türkiye ile İsrail’in son zamanlarda yaptığı anlaşma,... more
Gazze şeridi, aynı zamanda Levant olarak da bilinen Doğu Akdeniz kıyısında su krizinin patlak verdiği noktalardan biri olmuştur. Su konusunun da ana unsurlardan biri olarak yer aldığı, Türkiye ile İsrail’in son zamanlarda yaptığı anlaşma, Gazze’deki su sorunlarını giderme açısından önemli bir potansiyele sahiptir.
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Yemen is one of the most water-scarce countries in the world. With no perennial running surface waters, the main source of water has traditionally been groundwater. Groundwater in Yemen is diminishing very rapidly in the last fifty years... more
Yemen is one of the most water-scarce countries in the world. With no perennial running surface waters, the main source of water has traditionally been groundwater. Groundwater in Yemen is diminishing very rapidly in the last fifty years or so, because of a number of reasons which centered around inappropriate and shortsighted political-economic choices. Currently, Yemen’s per capita water consumptionis only 125 m3, annually; where global average stands at 2500 m3 per capita, per year. Lack of water also appears to be the biggest health challenge in the country causing malnutrition, morbidity, and mortality particularly in rural areas.
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Yemen dünyanın en çok su kıtlığı çeken ülkelerinden bir tanesidir. Sürekli akış halinde bir yerüstü suyunun olmadığı ülkenin başlıca su kaynağını yeraltı suları oluşturuyor. Yemen’in yeraltı suyu son 50 yılda yanlış ve öngörüsüz politik... more
Yemen dünyanın en çok su kıtlığı çeken ülkelerinden bir tanesidir. Sürekli akış halinde bir yerüstü suyunun olmadığı ülkenin başlıca su kaynağını yeraltı suları oluşturuyor. Yemen’in yeraltı suyu son 50 yılda yanlış ve öngörüsüz politik ve ekonomik kararlar ile hızlı bir şekilde tükenmektedir. Şu anda, Yemen’in yıllık kişi başına tüketilen su miktarı 125 metreküp, bu miktarın küresel ortalaması ise yıllık 2500 metreküptür.Su kısıtı,yetersiz beslenme, hastalıklar ve özellikle kırsal kesimlerde ölümlere dahi neden olarak, ülkedeki sağlık sorunlarının başında gelmektedir.
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in August 1966, i.e. some fifty years ago, in Helsinki, Finland,the International Law Association (ILA) adopted a set of rules on how rivers and connected groundwaters that cross boundaries may be utilized. These are called The Helsinki... more
in August 1966, i.e. some fifty years ago, in Helsinki, Finland,the International Law Association (ILA) adopted a set of rules on how rivers and connected groundwaters that cross boundaries may be utilized. These are called The Helsinki Rules on the Uses of the Waters of International Rivers. While these rules are niether legally binding, nor have enforcement mechanisms, they appeared to be significant in at least two senses. First they are one of the most notable pioneering codification efforts in international water law. They set the ground for further work which culminated in 1997 UN Watercourses Convention and the 2004 Berlin rules which finally superseded Helsinki Rules. Second, despite lack of legally binding character, these rules have a profound normative impact on the international community. States have tried to adhere these rules whenever possible in dealing with transboundary watercourses problems.
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50 yıl önce, Ağustos 1966'da Helsinki, Finlandiya'da Uluslararası Hukuk Derneği (ILA) bir takım kurallar doğrultusunda sınıraşan nehirlerin ve bağlı yer altı sularının nasıl kullanılacağını belirledi. “Uluslararası Nehirlerdeki Su... more
50 yıl önce, Ağustos 1966'da Helsinki, Finlandiya'da Uluslararası Hukuk Derneği (ILA) bir takım kurallar doğrultusunda sınıraşan nehirlerin ve bağlı yer altı sularının nasıl kullanılacağını belirledi. “Uluslararası Nehirlerdeki Su Kullanımı'nı” kapsayan bu kurallara Helsinki Kuralları ismi verildi. Yasal bağlayıcılıkları ve yaptırımı olmamasına karşın bu kurallar, en azından iki açıdan oldukça önemliler. İlk olarak, uluslararası su hukukunda en önemli öncü yazılı kural oluşturma çabaları arasındalar. 1997 BM Su Yolları Sözleşmesi’ne zemin oluşturdular ve ileriki aşamada Helsinki Kurallarının yerini 2004 Berlin Kuralları aldı. İkinci olarak, yasal olarak bağlayıcı olmamalarına karşın, bu kuralların uluslararası toplum üzerinde ciddi normatif bir etkisi vardır. Devletler sınıraşan su sorunları ile ilgili mümkün olduğunca bu kurallara bağlı kalmaya çalışmışlardır.
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The concept of water security is on the rise. There are both narrow(er) and wide(r) definitions. A -too- narrow definition deals only with a single dimension, generally the sustainability of access to potable water. While this “drinking... more
The concept of water security is on the rise. There are both narrow(er) and wide(r) definitions. A -too- narrow definition deals only with a single dimension, generally the sustainability of access to potable water. While this “drinking water” dimension of water security is a sine quo non criterion for the overall water problem in the world, it falls short of capturing all other elements that may constitute a complete picture of water security.
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Su güvenliği yükselişte olan bir kavramdır. Kavramın hem dar hem de geniş anlamda tanımları mevcuttur. Çok daha dar anlamlı bir tanımı genellikle tek bir boyuta, içilebilir suya erişimin sürekliliğine odaklanmaktadır. Su güvenliğinin... more
Su güvenliği yükselişte olan bir kavramdır. Kavramın hem dar hem de geniş anlamda tanımları mevcuttur. Çok daha dar anlamlı bir tanımı genellikle tek bir boyuta, içilebilir suya erişimin sürekliliğine odaklanmaktadır. Su güvenliğinin "içme suyu" boyutu dünyadaki genel su sorununun olmazsa olmaz bir kriteridir ancak, su güvenliğinin bütün çerçevesini oluşturabilecek diğer tüm unsurları kapsamakta yetersiz kalmaktadır.
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Integrating climate change into transboundary water politics is not easy. Apart from being a relatively new focus of attention (which partly explains few number of references to it in international treaties), “climate change” bears a... more
Integrating climate change into transboundary water politics is not easy. Apart from being a relatively new focus of attention (which partly explains few number of references to it in international treaties), “climate change” bears a number of challenges including uncertainty about expected impacts; and disagreement over how to deal with those impacts. Further, there are even gaps between planning activities and implementation, and lack of coordination among different levels of scale.
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This paper aims to analyze transboundary water relations in the Asi River Basin by utilizing some relevant assumptions of contending approaches to transboundary water politics. It starts with a theoretical discussion on how contending... more
This paper aims to analyze transboundary water relations in the Asi River Basin
by utilizing some relevant assumptions of contending approaches to transboundary
water politics. It starts with a theoretical discussion on how contending approaches
differ in their main units of analysis, and issues they tend to prioritize. Then it follows
with an assessment of transboundary water relations between Syria and Turkey
in the Asi basin particularly by scrutinizing the dynamic set of relations in
political-economy domain.
by utilizing some relevant assumptions of contending approaches to transboundary
water politics. It starts with a theoretical discussion on how contending approaches
differ in their main units of analysis, and issues they tend to prioritize. Then it follows
with an assessment of transboundary water relations between Syria and Turkey
in the Asi basin particularly by scrutinizing the dynamic set of relations in
political-economy domain.
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Turkey is the third riparian of the Orontes and an important player in the hydro- diplomacy of the region. The chapter will basically aim at understanding, explaining and analyzing the foreign policy orientation of Turkey in the... more
Turkey is the third riparian of the Orontes and an important player in the hydro- diplomacy of the region. The chapter will basically aim at understanding, explaining and analyzing the foreign policy orientation of Turkey in the transboundary waters context: hydropolitical history of the basin will be discussed by presenting the Turkish-Syrian interactions, claims views over the waters of the Orontes, considering also a gender perspective. The cooperation initiatives undertaken in the last decade as well as any emerging opportunities will be presented.
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This chapter starts with presenting an overview of the current situation in Mesopotamia in terms of both water resources and increasing impacts of climate change over water resources. The existing literature on potential problems of... more
This chapter starts with presenting an overview of the current situation in Mesopotamia in terms of both water resources and increasing impacts of climate change over water resources. The existing literature on potential problems of climate change in Euphrates -Tigris region will also be discussed. Then the chapter turns to the question of how countries of the region may come together around the theme of water and increase their adaptive capacities in the face of climate-related threats.
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Theoretical Insights into the Actorness of the EU and WTO in a Globalizibg World, pp. 179-186
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Ғылыми-танымдық сипаттағы басылым Жошы Ұлысының тарихы мен мәдени-мұра нысандарына қатысты ақпараттық анықтамалар мен ғылыми-зерттеу жұмыстарының негізгі қорытынды нәтижелерін қамтиды. Научно-познавательное изданиевключает в... more
Ғылыми-танымдық сипаттағы басылым Жошы Ұлысының тарихы мен мәдени-мұра нысандарына қатысты ақпараттық анықтамалар мен ғылыми-зерттеу жұмыстарының негізгі қорытынды нәтижелерін қамтиды.
Научно-познавательное изданиевключает в себяинформационные справочник и результаты основных выводов научно-исследовательской работы об истории и объектах культурного наследия Улуса Джучи.
The scientific and informative publication includes informational references and results of the main conclusions of research work on the history and objects of cultural heritage of Ulus of Jochi.
Научно-познавательное изданиевключает в себяинформационные справочник и результаты основных выводов научно-исследовательской работы об истории и объектах культурного наследия Улуса Джучи.
The scientific and informative publication includes informational references and results of the main conclusions of research work on the history and objects of cultural heritage of Ulus of Jochi.
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Contributing to the growing debate on the need for sustainable water use and management, with concrete examples of new approaches, concepts, arguments, methods and findings which illustrate how this can be achieved, this book will be... more
Contributing to the growing debate on the need for sustainable water use and management, with concrete examples of new approaches, concepts, arguments, methods and findings which illustrate how this can be achieved, this book will be attractive for large groups of readers familiar with one or more of the themes it tackles, and to the general public. Within this context, the book makes use of many tables and graphics, which bring the many messages together. This approach is intended not only for those working on water matters (e.g. bureaucrats, water managers, policymakers, journalists, etc.) and interested in water management issues and sustainability at large, but also for students of water management, water politics, environmental policy, water economics, water engineering and sustainability studies. Located at the crossroads of two key phenomena: sustainability and water, this book brings forward academic research and discussions on water efficiency, new technologies, and the water-agriculture nexus. It also benefits readers by tackling matters related to trans-boundary cooperation on water (including rainwater) and river-basin management, pricing issues, participatory water management, and the role of women in sustainable water use, amongst others.
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Norm Diffusion in Transboundary Water Policies and New Strategies of Cooperation: The Case of Implementation of EU Water Framework Directive in Turkey.
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Although the chance for waging war over water appears to be tiny in Central Asia, the intensity of water crisis in the region will likely increase in the foreseeable future. Multilaretal agreements are more difficult to achieve than... more
Although the chance for waging war over water appears to be tiny in Central Asia, the intensity of water crisis in the region will likely increase in the foreseeable future. Multilaretal agreements are more difficult to achieve than bilateral ones, because of the widely divergent interests. The key concept for a better management of threatened water resources of Central Asia is efficiency. The dominance of agricultural use with wasteful practices (outdated irrigation methods) as well as infrastructure failures (only half of water pumped reaches the end-user) are the biggest impediments for a sound water management at not only national but also inter-state level.