River Basin Management

The Mahanadi conflict is perhaps the youngest of all inter-state river water disputes in the country.
The two major riparian states – Odisha and Chhattisgarh – are at loggerheads for about seven months now over the distribution of Mahanadi waters. Odisha fears a drastic reduction of water flow in the basin due to several dams and barrages upstream, which have been built by Chhattisgarh without its consent.  While these apprehensions may be correct, the states need better data set and strategic intervention to resolve this river conflict that is going to affect lives and livelihood of millions of indigenous communities, and the ecology of the river basin as well. Some recent tricks by the lower riparian government with cherry picked data has been analysed in this context in the article and it has been suggested that such tricks are not used if the governments were serious about resolving the conflict.

Because the Gompertz model has a long history of use as a population model, we analyzed its properties as a multistage stock-recruitment model. We found that if a lifecycle model is a sequence of linked Gompertz stock-recruitment models at each life stage, then it is also a Gompertz stock-recruitment model. This is similar to the well

È ben conosciuto il Rio delle Amazzoni, imponente fiume che la attraversa la grande foresta pluviale del continente sudamericano e che ad essa dà il nome. Ma di grande interesse risulta anche il suo bacino imbrifero, formato da oltre mille affluenti, che costituiscono un vero punto di forza strategica e commerciale per i vari Paesi che si affacciano sul loro corso (Brasile, Bolivia, Perù, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, Guyana Francese). L’esigenza di trasportare le materie prime di cui l’ampia regione è ricchissima - in un primo momento caucciù e legname, successivamente idrocarburi e minerali - ha potuto sfruttare l’ampia rete di fiumi del bacino, su alcuni dei quali sono sorte importanti agglomerazioni urbane, tra cui le note Manaus e Belèm. La vasta deforestazione a fini agricoli e di pascolo, unita agli scarichi (soprattutto chimici) delle città, non hanno mancato di generare complessi problemi ecologici, ferendo un’area caratterizzata dalla più ampia biodiversità del mondo. Inoltre, la transnazionalità dei corsi d’acqua amazzonici ha generato articolate questioni giuridiche; queste, a seguito di prolungate negoziazioni diplomatiche, hanno condotto gli Stati rivieraschi alla conclusione di un accordo di libera navigazione sul bacino dei fiumi amazzonici.

The current goal of revitalization measures in the landscape primarily consists of the optimization of landscape water regime, incl. flood control measures and the promotion of biodiversity, but the current philosophy speaks of multifunctional land usage. However, the revitalization is currently underappreciated in the Czech Republic and it is important to increase the recreational potential of the landscape. In the society there has been indicated the necessity for recreation, because a large part of the population lives in urban settlements and is employed in an artificial technical environment that has largely inadequate sanitary conditions (unfavourable microclimate, noise, dust, etc.). Recreation as a social phenomenon is therefore a permanent part of the lifestyle in economically developed countries. The submitted issue highlights the necessity for revitalization of watercourses in terms of recreation potential.

The MIKE SHE model is able to simulate the
entire stream flow which includes direct and basic flow.
Many models either do not simulate or use simplistic
methods to determine the basic flow. The MIKE SHE
model takes into account many hydrological data. Since
this study was directed towards the simulation of surface
runoff and infiltration into saturated and unsaturated zone,
the MIKE SHE is an appropriate model for reliable conclusions.
In the current research, the MIKE SHE model
was used to simulate runoff in the area of Sperchios River
basin. Meteorological data from eight rainfall stations
within the Sperchios River basin were used as inputs.
Vegetation as well as geological data was used to perform
the calibration and validation of the physical processes of
the model. Additionally, ArcGIS program was used. The
results indicated that the model was able to simulate the
surface runoff satisfactorily, representing all the hydrological
data adequately. Some minor differentiations appeared
which can be eliminated with the appropriate
adjustments that can be decided by the researcher0s
experience.

This document discusses type of institutional arrangements, organisations and shared leadership necessary to advance integrated river basin management (IRBM) in the Mississippi River Basin. The paper ambitiously proposes a Mississippi River Basin Commission, based on international best practice.

A markedly intense rain fell on southeastern Mexico during the period of 29 October–1 November 2007. As a result, the state of Tabasco recorded the gravest flood in the last 50 years. A reconstruction of the event is presented, including the identification of the factors that aggravated the sequels, and a discussion of the actions that were carried out to evaluate the flooding. The phenomenon consisted of a succession of rains in the region, including 3 days of continuous rain with over 403 mm d−1. The operation of a system of dams, the saturation of the soil, and runoff times below 16 h were the factors that generated the catastrophe, in synergy with the meteorological phenomenon. The analysis presented here will aid in understanding the development of the phenomenon in an integral way, and in establishing the minimum procedures to be followed to evaluate similar events in other regions where, as in Mexico, one does not have timely access to information. In the case of this disaster, for example, different versions of the causes of the flood continued to circulate 6 months after it took place, some lacking technical bases and some access-restricted. However, the information generated provided the academic community and state officials with a reference on which to evaluate the event. This analysis also makes a contribution by placing emphasis on the need to establish non-structural mitigation measures such as future urban growth and regulation plans and future early warning systems against flooding, monitoring the variables that were analysed and generating products useful to the decision-makers involved in civil protection systems and in carrying out preventive measures to mitigate the effects of extreme events.

Turkey has been divided into 26 basins for studies related to water resources development. Surface areas of the basins range between 6,300 – 127,500 km2, the average being approximately 30,000 km2. Compared with nested watershed classification of U.S., the average size of Turkish national basins corresponds to the third-level (basins). Currently, a forth-level (sub-basins) with an average size of 1,820 km2 reside below the basins in U.S. classification. Even these sub-basins are found to be too large to adequately serve many water resource management needs. Two additional levels (watersheds and sub-watersheds) are currently under development in order to solve this problem. Taking this fact into consideration, currently existing basins of Turkey are supposed to be too large for effective water resources management and there is a need for delineation of sub-basins in a scientific manner. In this study, the boundaries of proto-type sub-basins are determined by using DEM-based automated delineation techniques. For this purpose, 30 arc-seconds SRTM30 DEM is re-projected into an equal area projection, hydrologic sinks are filled and inaccurate elevation values are corrected. In order to prevent invalid delineation of closed basins that cover approximately 10% of the country, water bodies located at the center of these basins are extracted from Global Land Cover Characteristics dataset of USGS and excluded from the process. Among the alternatives, Deterministic-8 (D-8) algorithm with modifications by Garbrecht and Martz is used to calculate flow direction and flow accumulation grids. Using these grids, a set of candidate sub-basins are generated by applying different area thresholds. A threshold of 1,000 km2 resulted in 359 sub-basins with an average size of 1,858 km2, both of which are found to be appropriate and manageable for nationwide usage. Similarity of the average size of the delineated sub-basins to that of U.S. sub-basins also supports this result.

Air telah menjadi bagian penting dari kota Jakarta, mengingat adanya 13 sungai utama yang mengalir menuju Teluk Jakarta serta berbagai macam jaringan saluran penghubung di dalamnya. Kota Rotterdam menjadi contoh kota yang baik dalam mempelajari permasalahan dan menemukan solusi dari permasalahan perkotaan, khususnya dalam hal ini untuk perencana kota. Studi kasus yang kemudian dibawa dalam kegiatan Dutch Training and Exposure Program di Rotterdam adalah kawasan PIK Pulogadung di Cakung, Jakarta Timur yang merupakan penggabungan kawasan belanja, industri kecil, hunian, hingga pemerintahan. Dua badan air utama yakni Kali Buaran dan Saluran Pengumpul menjadi topik utama dalam pembahasan ini.

Laporan Dutch Training and Exposure Program (DUTEP) Batch 2018 - Nur Fatina Risinda
Berdasarkan Internship di Pemerintah Kota Rotterdam, Belanda, Maret s.d. Mei 2018

In the light of the development of ecosystem-based management for riverine ecosystems, we present a novel concept that (1) considers environmental and human impacts comprehensively to describe ecosystem changes and (2) links simulated distributions of different combinations of aquatic biota along the riverine trophic chain. The new set of predictors will be incorporated into species distribution models (SDMs): besides most common spatial predictors, we propose 1) water quality, 2) hydrology, and 3) the use of calibrated output of the SDM as new biological predictors in order to develop an indicator of ecosystem health based on 3 levels of the riverine trophic chain: macrophytes, macroinvertebrates, and fish. The novelty of this approach lies in the combination of these 3 biotic groups through the SDM and the use of hydrology and land use scenarios as predictors.

The development of an urban region by proper planning using conventional methods takes lot of time. Instead of using conventional methods the urban planners found Geospatial technologies as an alternate for quick planning and development of urban resources. Geospatial technologies can encompass huge data which can be edited, retrieved, analyzed and they are also cost effective. The satellite remote sensing data is cheaper, more timely and available over larger areas than traditional sources of information. GIS is the primary analytical platform for spatial planning. GIS provides a provision for extraction of various types of features, multilayered integration of data with which analysis can be done easily in short span. The land use and land cover is the primary structure taken into consideration for planning or developing an urban region. It can be determined by utilizing geospatial technologies such as Geographic Information System and Satellite remote Sensing. Spatial information of land use and land cover aids in determining the urban facilities along with its location and also where people live. Simultaneously it also shows the lack of facilities in the urban region. By knowing the types of urban facilities present, absent spatially and where people live the optimum planning of urban resources can be achieved. The Nalgonda town is chosen as a study area to develop industrial zones, recreational facilities, heritage tourism and IT companies. So the effective and efficient development of urban region using Geospatial Technologies is highly required. Nalgonda town is the headquarters of the Nalgonda District of Telangana State. Nalgonda town lies at coordinates 17.050°N latitude and 79.2667°E longitude. This paper gives an overview of land use and land cover of nalgonda town attributed with major structures, play grounds, parks, Halls, water bodies and vegetation cover. This in turn infers the lack of facilities. It also envisages about the proper planning of urban resources.

To document the relative distribution and abundance of the mottled sculpin Cottus bairdi and the aquatic invertebrate fauna of the Colorado River in Middle Park, Colorado in 2010 and compare the results with historical data and records compiled over the past 25-40 years, prior to the construction and operation of Windy Gap Dam in 1983. Document the relative abundance and distribution of the aquatic invertebrate fauna of the upper Colorado River between the confluence with the Blue River and Windy Gap Dam west of Granby, Colorado.

The Nepean River is one of the most important waterways in the Sydney basin and has particular significance for Sydney’s southwestern rural-urban fringe. Its catchment extends south and east of the Sydney Basin to take in areas near Robertson and Goulburn. West of Wollongong the tributaries includng Cataract Creek, Avon River, Cordeaux River that flow
northwest and then into the deep gorges of Pheasants Nest and Douglas Park.

This study is part of the Retratos de Governanças das Águas (“Water Governance Portraits”) series, which analyzes the profile of representatives of river basin committees in Brazil and provide information that can point to relevant aspects concerning inclusive capacity in representation, while also identifying how their involvement in the decision-making process and functioning of collegial bodies is perceived. It is also part of Projeto Governança dos Recursos Hídricos (“Water Resources Governance Project”), whose results at the state level also pointed to problems concerning the federal sphere. The study design was based on the notion that river basin committees (from now on RBCs) can be addressed as governance arrangements consisting of different actors responsible for mediating, articulating, approving, and monitoring actions to manage water resources under their jurisdiction. The committees are collegial bodies with normative, propositional, consultative, and deliberative attributions, whose objective is to promote the planning and decision-making about the multiple uses of water resources within the scope of the respective drainage basin, a region consisting of territory and various watercourses.

This study presents a data analysis in the scope of interstate river basin committees. As mentioned, the development of the project called Governance of Water Resources: analysis of the profile and the training process of representatives of the State Water Resources Councils and River Basin Committees pointed to a meager 31% of female participation in the country’s river basin committees. (Matos et al., 2019). In addition, this study aims to promote a debate on women’s participation and representation in the spaces created for water resources management.

Water resources management is a set of actions for planning, monitoring, allocating resources, implementing and inspecting the existing legal instruments aimed at the efficient and sustainable coordination of water use in the country. This work seeks to contribute to the studies on participation by presenting the profile of interstate river basin committees’ members disaggregated by sex. It also provides information that can point to relevant aspects regarding their inclusive capacity, based on the premise that good governance is paramount to achieve water security.

Bangladesh is mainly formed by alluvial deposits, facing riverbank erosion very frequently due to unvarying alteration of river channels. This study is aimed at computing the actual bank shifting along the Manu River within Bangladesh for a period of thirteen years (1997-2010). The entire course of Manu River from upstream of India Border, Moulvibazar to the confluence with the Kushiyara River at Manumukh, Sherpur for a stretch of around 69 km has been studied using an integrated approach of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS). The channel configuration of the Manu River has been mapped for the years 1997 and 2010 using Landsat satellite images. The analysis divulged that the Manu River is a highly meandering river with several very critical sections where the river has been suffering enormously with the erosion problem and shifting characteristics. The enumerated river shifting was found very high as the maximum left bank shifting and maximum right bank shifting had occurred at Rajnagar, Moulvibazar of 656 m and 628 m respectively, in the mentioned period. The results deliver latest and steadfast evidence on the dynamic fluvio-geomorphology of the Manu River for designing and execution of erosion control schemes.

This paper focuses on the Guadalhorce Valley, Málaga Province, Spain, where a rich farmer-managed irrigation tradition has flourished since Arab times.
Local communities diverted water from the river, managing numerous small-scale systems. These systems have now been destroyed. We trace the causes back to the profound impact that early twentieth century discourse about water control had on Spain’s socio-natural landscape: an impact that extended far beyond water management. The idealistic Política Hidráulica discourse, linked with ‘regenerationism’, glorified small-farmer irrigation and promoted
hydraulic works and the expansion of irrigation as a socio-economic and cultural-political solution for Spain’s bankrupt and ‘degenerated’ condition in the mid-19th Century. We follow the thinking and accomplishments of Rafael Benjumea, Count of Guadalhorce, Minister of Public Works and devoted follower of regenerationist leader Joaquin Costa. Benjumea was founding father of the widely acclaimed River Basin Confederations and one of Spain’s
chief ‘hydraulic heroes’.
We analyse the irony of the water policy discourse, the political paradoxes and conceptual contradictions of hydraulic utopianism. This politicalideological
current aspired to install decentralized watershed management and defend local collectives’ autonomy. Yet the policies, institutions and hydraulic works it established destroyed much of the local autonomy that did exist. The pursuit of the utopian project involved an iron-fisted, surgical policy of expertocracy, designed to restore ‘natural order’, which entailed overturning existing local water users’ institutions, rights frameworks and knowledge systems. Analysing historical material and empirical data gathered during long-term field research on the Guadalhorce, we examine four bitter ironies of ‘utopian hydraulism’.

Assessment of existing equations on predicting total bed material load was carried out by using data from past study DID (2009) covering Muda River, Langat River, and Kurau River. The sediment transport data from the three rivers were used to evaluate equations developed by Sinnakaudan et al. (2006) and Ariffin (2004) as well as Engelund & Hansen and Yang equations. The discrepancy ratio is considered acceptable if the ratio between the predicted and the measured total bed material load is between 0.5 and 2.0. The discrepancy ratio for the original equations of Sinnakaudan et al. and Ariffin is found to be 30.37% and 25.70% respectively. On the other hand, the revised equations developed in the present study utilizing the data from the three rivers can increase the accuracy of the total bed material load prediction for use in Malaysian rivers. Newly revised Sinnakaudan et al. and Ariffin equations yield better discrepancy ratio which is 64.49% and 56.08% respectively.

The bank of river Narmada has been the scene of strenuous spiritual excursions, efflorescence of human civilizations and of a surge of creative activity. It has seen the evolution of human consciousness from a dim and nebulous awareness of the environment, through mundane perceptions, to a magnificent comprehension of the cosmic reality. Legend, apocryphal may be, hyperbolic, to be certain, has grown around the name of the river. While, therefore, it may not be possible to piece together a coherent sequence of human endeavor from the murky cob web of legend, it is still possible to capture the devotion, yearning, the irrepressible urge for self-sacrifice and self expression evoked by this river. The culture that emerges is full of visions of beauty, words of purity and Intimations of immortality.

Evidence shows that the majority of aquatic field microplastics (MPs) could be microfibers (MFs) which can be originated directly from massive sources such as textile production and shedding from garments, agricultural textiles and clothes washing. In addition, wear and tear of tyres (TRWPs) emerges as a stealthy major source of micro and nanoplastics, commonly under-sampled/detected in the field. In order to compile the current knowledge in regards to these two major MPs sources, concentrations of concern in aquatic environments, their distribution, bulk emission rates and water mitigation strategies were systematically reviewed. Most of the aquatic field studies presented MFs values above 50%. MPs concentrations varied from 0.3 to 8925 particles m-3 in lakes, from 0.69 to 8.7 × 106 particles m-3 in streams and rivers, from 0.16 to 192000 particles m-3 estuaries, and from 0 to 4600 particles m-3 in the ocean. Textiles at every stage of production, use and disposal are the major source of synthetic MFs to water. Laundry estimates showed an averaged release up to 279972 tons year-1 (high washing frequency) from which 123000 tons would annually flow through untreated effluents to rivers, streams, lakes or directly to the ocean. TRWPs in the aquatic environments showed concentrations up to 179 mg L-1 (SPM) in runoff river sediments and up to 480 mg g-1 in highway runoff sediments. Even though average TRWR emission is of 0.95 kg year-1 per capita (10 nm- 500 μm) there is a general scarcity of information about their aquatic environmental levels probably due to no-availability or inadequate methods of detection. The revision of strategies to mitigate the delivering of MFs and TRWP into water streams illustrated the importance of domestic laundry retention devices, Waste Water Treatment Plants (WWTP) with at least a secondary treatment and stormwater and road-runoff collectors quality improvement devices.

This study has been conducted to analyze the hypsometric properties of drainage basins in Karnataka. In
constructing the hypsometric integral curve, a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with 300 m spatial resolution has
been created based on the Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN). The topographical map has been used as a base
map for generating contours to create the TIN model. The hypsometric integral curve results, derived from the
DEM, show that six drainage basins are in Maturedly Dissected Landforms while the South Ponnar basin is in an old
state of dissection. The result of hypsometric curve shows that the drainage basins are significantly different from
each other. The Moran’s I shows a negative spatial autocorrelation between the drainage basins and it indicates that
HI values are random in the study area.