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WO2022058327A1 - Substituted ureas and derivatives as new antifungal agents - Google Patents

Substituted ureas and derivatives as new antifungal agents Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022058327A1
WO2022058327A1 PCT/EP2021/075279 EP2021075279W WO2022058327A1 WO 2022058327 A1 WO2022058327 A1 WO 2022058327A1 EP 2021075279 W EP2021075279 W EP 2021075279W WO 2022058327 A1 WO2022058327 A1 WO 2022058327A1
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formula
alkyl
compound
group
cycloalkyl
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PCT/EP2021/075279
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French (fr)
Inventor
Philippe Desbordes
Christophe Dubost
Jérémy DUFOUR
Andreas GÖRTZ
Mathieu Gourgues
Virginie LEMPEREUR
Dominique Loque
Sébastien NAUD
Vincent Thomas
Valérie TOQUIN
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Bayer Aktiengesellschaft
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Publication of WO2022058327A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022058327A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D215/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
    • C07D215/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D215/16—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D215/38—Nitrogen atoms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
    • A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
    • A01N47/36—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the group >N—CO—N< directly attached to at least one heterocyclic ring; Thio analogues thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D241/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings
    • C07D241/36—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
    • C07D241/38—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,4-diazine or hydrogenated 1,4-diazine rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atoms
    • C07D241/40—Benzopyrazines
    • C07D241/44—Benzopyrazines with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
    • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D403/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D405/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
    • C07D409/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D409/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to substituted ureas and derivatives thereof, useful as fungicides in crop protection. It also relates to their use as fungicides and compositions comprising those.
  • JP2005206517 and JP2003212864 disclose urea derivatives suitable for use as fungicides.
  • WO2020/244968 A1 discloses pyridine derivatives of the general formula wherein R 2 and R 3 can form, together with the pyridine ring, a quinoline ring and wherein Y can be a substituted nitrogen.
  • WO2019/038214 A1 discloses quinoxaline derivatives of the general formula: and the use of the compounds for the treatment and/or prevention of hyperproliferative or infectious diseases and disorders in mammals, especially humans, and pharmaceutical compositions containing such compound.
  • R 2 is defined very broadly. There is no indication that any of the disclosed compounds may have any antifungal efficacy.
  • fungicidal compounds as such, so as to provide compounds being effective against a broad spectrum of fungi, having lower toxicity, higher selectivity, being used at lower dosage rate to reduce or avoid unfavorable environmental or toxicological effects whilst still allowing effective pest control. It may also be desired to have new compounds to prevent the emergence of fungicides resistances.
  • the present invention provides new fungicidal compounds which have advantages over known compounds and compositions in at least some of these aspects.
  • the present invention relates to compounds of the formula (I): wherein W 1 , Z, Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 , Y 5 , T, X 1 , X 2 , Q 1 , Q 2 and A are as recited herein, as well as their salts, N- oxides and solvates.
  • the present invention furthermore relates to compositions comprising at least one compound of formula (I) as defined herein and at least one agriculturally suitable auxiliary.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of a compound of formula (I) as defined herein or a composition as defined herein for controlling phytopathogenic microorganisms in agriculture.
  • the present invention also relates to processes and intermediates for preparing compounds of formula (I) as disclosed herein.
  • halogen refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine atom.
  • oxo refers to an oxygen atom which is bound to a carbon atom or sulfur atom via a double bound.
  • C 1 -C 8 -alkyl refers to a saturated, branched or straight hydrocarbon chain having 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 carbon atoms.
  • Examples of C 1 -C 8 -alkyl include but are not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl (n-propyl), 1 -methylethyl (iso-propyl), butyl (n-butyl), 1 -methylpropyl (sec-butyl), 2- methylpropyl (iso-butyl), 1 ,1 -dimethylethyl (tert-butyl), pentyl, 1 -methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3- methylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1 -ethylpropyl, 1 ,1 -dimethylpropyl, 1 ,2-dimethylpropyl, hexyl, 1- methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl,
  • said hydrocarbon chain has 1 , 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms (“C 1 -C 4 -alkyl”), e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl or tert-butyl.
  • C 1 -C 4 -alkyl e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl or tert-butyl.
  • C 2 -C 8 -alkenyl refers to an unsaturated, branched or straight hydrocarbon chain having 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 carbon atoms and comprising at least one double bond.
  • Examples of C 2 -C 8 -alkenyl include but are not limited to ethenyl (or "vinyl"), prop-2-en-1-yl (or “allyl”), prop-1 -en-1-yl, but-3-enyl, but-2-enyl, but-1-enyl, pent-4-enyl, pent-3-enyl, pent-2-enyl, pent-1 -enyl, hex-5-enyl, hex-4- enyl, hex-3-enyl, hex-2-enyl, hex-1 -enyl, prop-1 -en-2-yl (or “isopropenyl”), 2-methylprop-2-enyl, 1- methylprop-2-enyl
  • C 2 -C 8 -alkynyl refers to a branched or straight hydrocarbon chain having 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 carbon atoms and comprising at least one triple bond.
  • Examples of C 2 -C 8 -alkynyl include but are not limited to ethynyl, prop-1 -ynyl, prop-2-ynyl (or “propargyl"), but-1-ynyl, but-2-ynyl, but-3-ynyl, pent-1 -ynyl, pent-2-ynyl, pent-3-ynyl, pent-4-ynyl, hex-1 -ynyl, hex-2-ynyl, hex-3-ynyl, hex-4-ynyl, hex-5- ynyl, 1-methylprop-2-ynyl, 2-methylbut-3-ynyl, 1-methylbut-3-ynyl, 1-methylmethylbut-3-y
  • C 1 -C 8 -halogenoalkyl refers to a C 1 -C 8 -alkyl group as defined above in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced with one or more halogen atoms that may be the same or different.
  • C 1 -C 8 -halogenoalkyl comprises up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different.
  • C 2 -C 8 -halogenoalkenyl refers to a “C 2 -C 8 -alkenyl group as defined above in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced with one or more halogen atoms that may be the same or different.
  • C 1 -C 8 -halogenoalkenyl comprises up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different.
  • C 2 -C 8 -halogenoalkynyl refers to a C 2 -C 8 -alkynyl group as defined above in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced with one or more halogen atoms that may be the same or different.
  • C 1 -C 8 -halogenoalkynyl comprises up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different.
  • C 1 -C 8 -alkoxy refers to a group of formula (C 1 -C 8 -alkyl)-O-, in which the term “C 1 -C 8 -alkyl” is as defined herein.
  • C 1 -C 8 -alkoxy examples include but are not limited to methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, 1 -methylethoxy, n-butoxy, 1 -methylpropoxy, 2-methylpropoxy, 1 ,1 -dimethylethoxy, n-pentoxy, 1 -methylbutoxy, 2-methylbutoxy, 3-methylbutoxy, 2,2-dimethylpropoxy, 1 -ethylpropoxy, 1 ,1- dimethylpropoxy, 1 ,2-dimethylpropoxy, n-hexyloxy, 1 -methylpentoxy, 2-methylpentoxy, 3- methylpentoxy, 4-methylpentoxy, 1 ,1 -dimethylbutoxy, 1 ,2-dimethylbutoxy, 1 ,3-dimethylbutoxy, 2,2- dimethylbutoxy, 2,3-dimethylbutoxy, 3,3-dimethylbutoxy, 1 -ethylbutoxy, 2-ethylbutoxy, 1 ,1 ,2- tri
  • C 1 -C 8 -halogenalkoxy refers to a C 1 -C 8 -alkoxy group as defined above in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced with one or more halogen atoms that may be the same or different.
  • C 1 -C 8 -halogenoalkoxy examples include but are not limited to ch loro meth oxy, bromomethoxy, dichloromethoxy, trichloromethoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, chlorofluoromethoxy, dichlorofluoromethoxy, chlorodifluoromethoxy, 1 -chloroethoxy, 1 -bromoethoxy, 1- fluoroethoxy, 2-fluoroethoxy, 2,2-difluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, 2-chloro-2-fluoroethoxy, 2-chloro- 2,2-difluoroethoxy, 2,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxy, pentafluoroethoxy and 1 ,1 ,1- trifluoroprop-2-oxy.
  • C 1 -C 8 -alkylsulfanyl refers to a saturated, linear or branched group of formula (C 1 -C 8 -alkyl)-S-, in which the term “C 1 -C 8 -alkyl” is as defined herein.
  • C 1 -C 8 -alkylsulfanyl examples include but are not limited to methylsulfanyl, ethylsulfanyl, propylsulfanyl, isopropylsulfanyl, butylsulfanyl, sec-butylsulfanyl, isobutylsulfanyl, tert-butylsulfanyl, pentylsulfanyl, isopentylsulfanyl, hexylsulfanyl group.
  • C 1 -C 8 -halogenoalkylsulfanyl refers to a C 1 -C 8 -alkylsulfanyl as defined above in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced with one or more halogen atoms that may be the same or different.
  • C 1 -C 8 -alkylsulfinyl include but are not limited to saturated, straight-chain or branched alkylsulfinyl radicals having 1 to 8, preferably 1 to 6 and more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, for example (but not limited to) methylsulfinyl, ethylsulfinyl, propylsulfinyl, 1 -methylethylsulfinyl, butylsulfinyl, 1 -methylpropylsulfinyl, 2- methylpropylsulfinyl, 1 ,1 -dimethylethylsulfinyl, pentylsulfinyl, 1 -methylbutylsulfinyl, 2-methylbutylsulfinyl, 3-methylbutylsulfinyl, 2,2-dimethylpropylsulfinyl, 1 -ethylpropylsulfin
  • C 1 -C 8 -halogenoalkylsulfinyl refers to a C 1 -C 8 -alkylsulfinyl as defined above in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced with one or more halogen atoms that may be the same or different.
  • C 1 -C 8 - alkylsulfonyl examples include but are not limited to methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, propylsulfonyl, 1 -methylethylsulfonyl, butylsulfonyl, 1 -methylpropylsulfonyl, 2-methylpropylsulfonyl, 1 ,1 -dimethylethylsulfonyl, pentylsulfonyl, 1 -methylbutylsulfonyl, 2-methylbutylsulfonyl, 3-methylbutylsulfonyl, 2,2- dimethylpropylsulfonyl, 1 -ethylpropylsulfonyl, 1 ,1-dimethylpropylsulfonyl, 1 ,2-dimethylpropylsulfonyl, hexylsulfonyl, 1
  • C 1 -C 8 -halogenoalkylsulfonyl refers to a C 1 -C 8 -alkylsulfonyl as defined above in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced with one or more halogen atoms that may be the same or different.
  • C 1 -C 8 -halogenoalkylcarbonyl refers to a C 1 -C 8 -alkylcarbonyl as defined above in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced with one or more halogen atoms that may be the same or different.
  • C 1 -C 8 -halogenoalkoxycarbonyl refers to a C 1 -C 8 -alkoxycarbonyl as defined above in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced with one or more halogen atoms that may be the same or different.
  • non-aromatic C 3 -C 12 -carbocycle refers to a non-aromatic, saturated or unsaturated, hydrocarbon ring system in which all of the ring members, which vary from 3 to 12, are carbon atoms.
  • the ring system may be monocyclic or polycyclic (fused, spiro or bridged).
  • polycyclic non-aromatic C 3 -C 12 -carbocycle include non-aromatic bicyclic C 7 -C 12 -carbocycle.
  • Non- aromatic C 3 -C 12 -carbocycles include but are not limited to C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl (mono or bicyclic), C3-C12- cycloalkenyl (mono or bicyclic), bicyclic system comprising an aryl (e.g. phenyl) fused to a monocyclic C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl (e.g. tetrahydronaphthalenyl, indanyl), bicyclic system comprising an aryl (e.g. phenyl) fused to a monocyclic C 3 -C 8 -cycloalkenyl (e.g.
  • indenyl, dihydronaphthalenyl) and tricyclic system comprising a cyclopropyl connected through one carbon atom to a bicyclic system comprising an aryl (e.g. phenyl) fused to a monocyclic C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl or to a monocyclic C 3 -C 8 -cycloalkenyl.
  • aryl e.g. phenyl
  • the non- aromatic C 3 -C 12 -carbocycle can be attached to the parent molecular moiety through any carbon atom.
  • C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl refers to a saturated, monovalent, mono- or bicyclic hydrocarbon ring which contains 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12 carbon atoms.
  • C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl designates monocyclic C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyls which include but are not limited to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl.
  • bicyclic C 6 -C 12 -cycloalkyls include but are not limited to bicyclo[3.1 ,1]heptane, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, bicyclo[3.2.2]- nonane, bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane, bicyclo[4.2.0]octyl, octahydropentalenyl and bicyclo[4.2.1]nonane.
  • C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkenyl refers to an unsaturated, monovalent, mono- or bicyclic hydrocarbon ring which contains 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12 carbon atoms.
  • monocyclic C 3 -C 8 -cycloalkenyl group include but are not limited to cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl and cyclooctenyl group.
  • Examples of bicyclic C 6 -C 12 -cycloalkenyl group include but are not limited to bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-enyl or bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-enyl.
  • aromatic C 6 -C 14 -carbocycle or “aryl” or “C 6 -C 14 aryl” as used herein refers to an aromatic hydrocarbon ring system in which all of the ring members, which vary from 6 to 14, preferably from 6 to 10, are carbon atoms.
  • the ring system may be monocyclic or fused polycyclic (e.g. bicyclic or tricyclic).
  • Examples of aryl include but are not limited to phenyl, azulenyl, naphthyl and fluorenyl.
  • the aryl can be attached to the parent molecular moiety through any carbon atom.
  • non-aromatic 3- to 10-membered heterocycle or “heterocyclyl” as used herein refers to a saturated or partially unsaturated non-aromatic ring system comprising 1 to 4, or 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. If the ring system contains more than one oxygen atoms, they are not directly adjacent.
  • Non aromatic heterocycles include but are not limited to 3- to 7-membered monocyclic non-aromatic heterocycles and 6- to 10-membered polycyclic (e.g. bicyclic or tricyclic) non-aromatic heterocycles.
  • the non-aromatic 3- to 10-membered heterocycle can be connected to the parent molecular moiety through any carbon atom or nitrogen atom contained within the heterocycle.
  • non-aromatic 3- to 7-membered monocyclic heterocycle refers to a 3-, 4-, 5- , 6- or 7-membered monocyclic ring system containing 1 , 2 or 3 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur where the ring system is saturated or unsaturated but not aromatic.
  • the heterocycle may comprise one to three nitrogen atoms, or one or two oxygen atoms, or one or two sulfur atoms, or one to three nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, or one to three nitrogen atoms and a sulfur atom or one sulfur atom and one oxygen atom.
  • saturated non-aromatic heterocycles include but are not limited to 3-membered ring such as oxiranyl, aziridinyl, 4-membered ring such as azetidinyl, oxetanyl, thietanyl, 5-membered ring such as tetrahydrofuranyl, 1 ,3-dioxolanyl, tetrahydrothienyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, triazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, oxadiazolidinyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, thiadiazolidinyl, 6- membered ring such as piperidinyl, hexahydropyridazinyl, hexahydropyrimidinyl, piperazinyl, triazinanyl, hexahydro
  • unsaturated non-aromatic hererocyles include but are not limited to 5- membered ring such as dihydrofuranyl, 1 ,3-dioxolyl, dihydrothienyl, pyrrolinyl, dihydroimidazolyl, dihydropyrazolyl, isoxazolinyl, dihydrooxazolyl, dihydrothiazolyl or 6-membered ring such as pyranyl, thiopyranyl, thiazinyl and thiadiazinyl.
  • 5- membered ring such as dihydrofuranyl, 1 ,3-dioxolyl, dihydrothienyl, pyrrolinyl, dihydroimidazolyl, dihydropyrazolyl, isoxazolinyl, dihydrooxazolyl, dihydrothiazolyl or 6-membered ring such as pyranyl, thiopyranyl, thiazinyl and
  • the two substituents together with the nitrogen atom to which they are linked can form a heterocyclyl group, preferably a 5- to 7-membered heterocyclyl group, that can be substituted or that can include other hetero atoms, for example a morpholino group, a thiomorpholine group, a piperazine group or piperidinyl group.
  • non-aromatic 6- to 10-membered polycyclic heterocycle refers to a 6-, 7-, 8- , 9-, 10-membered polycyclic (e.g. bicyclic or tricyclic) ring system containing 1 , 2 or 3 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur where the ring system is saturated or unsaturated but not aromatic.
  • Non-aromatic bicyclic heterocycles may consist of a monocyclic heteroaryl as defined herein fused to a monocyclic C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, a monocyclic C 3 -C 8 - cycloalkenyl or a monocyclic non-aromatic heterocycle or may consist of a monocyclic non-aromatic heterocycle fused either to an aryl (e.g. phenyl), a monocyclic C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, a monocyclic C 3 -C 8 - cycloalkenyl or a monocyclic non-aromatic heterocycle.
  • aryl e.g. phenyl
  • nitrogen atom may be at the bridgehead (e.g. 4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1 ,5-a]pyridinyl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyridinyl, 5, 6,7,8- tetrahydroimidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridinyl).
  • Non-aromatic tricyclic heterocycles may consist of a monocyclic cycloalkyl connected through one common atom to a non-aromatic bicyclic heterocycle.
  • aromatic 5- to 14-membered heterocycle or “heteroaryl” or “5- to 14-membered heteroaryl” as used herein refers to an aromatic ring system comprising 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. If the ring system contains more than one oxygen atom, they are not directly adjacent.
  • Aromatic heterocycles include aromatic 5- or 6-membered monocyclic heterocycles and 6- to 14-membered polycyclic (e.g. bicyclic or tricyclic) aromatic heterocycles.
  • the 5- to 14-membered aromatic heterocycle can be connected to the parent molecular moiety through any carbon atom or nitrogen atom contained within the heterocycle.
  • aromatic 5- or 6-membered monocyclic heterocycle or “monocyclic heteroaryl” as used herein refers to a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic ring system containing 1 , 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur.
  • Examples of 5- membered monocyclic heteroaryl include but are not limited to furyl (furanyl), thienyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxatriazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl and thiatriazolyl.
  • Examples of 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl include but are not limited to pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, tetrazinyl.
  • 6- to 14-membered polycyclic aromatic heterocycle or “polycyclic heteroaryl” as used herein refers to a 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, 10-, 11 -, 12-, 13- or 14-membered polycyclic (e.g. bicyclic or tricyclic) ring system containing 1 , 2 or 3 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur.
  • Aromatic bicyclic heterocycles may consist of a monocyclic heteroaryl as defined herein fused to an aryl (e.g. phenyl) or to a monocyclic heteroaryl.
  • bicyclic aromatic heterocycle examples include but are not limited to 9-membered ring such as indolyl, indolizinyl, isoindolyl, benzimadozolyl, imidazopyridinyl, indazolyl, benzotriazolyl, purinyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl and benzisoxazolyl or 10-membered ring such as quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, cinnolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, phthalazinyl, naphthyridinyl, pteridinal and benzodioxinyl.
  • 9-membered ring such as indolyl, indolizinyl, isoindolyl, benzimadozolyl, imidazopyridinyl, indazolyl, benzotriazolyl,
  • nitrogen atom may be at the bridgehead (e.g. imidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridinyl, [1 ,2,4]triazolo[4,3- a]pyridinyl, imidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridinyl, imidazo[2,1-b]oxazolyl, furo[2,3-d]isoxazolyl).
  • Examples of tricyclic aromatic heterocycle include but are not limited to carbazolyl, acridinyl and phenazinyl.
  • heteroaryloxy designate a group of formula -O- R wherein R is respectively a heteroaryl, an aryl, a heterocyclyl as defined herein.
  • substituents refers to a number of substituents that ranges from one to the maximum number of substituents possible based on the number of available bonding sites, provided that the conditions of stability and chemical feasibility are met.
  • leaving group as used herein is to be understood as meaning a group which is displaced from a compound in a substitution or an elimination reaction, for example a halogen atom, a trifluoromethanesulfonate (“triflate”) group, alkoxy, methanesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate.
  • a halogen atom for example a halogen atom, a trifluoromethanesulfonate (“triflate”) group, alkoxy, methanesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate.
  • acyclic radicals as used herein in the expressions “wherein acyclic aliphatic radicals may be substituted” designate any of the acyclic groups recited in the paragraph before said expressions, or any acyclic moiety of a composite group (e.g. the C 1 -C 8 -alkyl moiety of aryl-C 1 -C 8 -alkyl).
  • aliphatic as used herein in the expressions “wherein acyclic aliphatic radicals may be substituted” designate any of the non-aromatic saturated or unsaturated acyclic radicals or any radical which comprises an aliphatic part (e.g. C 1 -C 8 -alkoxy).
  • acyclic aliphatic radicals in the expression “wherein acyclic aliphatic Y 1 radicals may be substituted with one or more Y a substituents” designate the following: C 1 -C 8 -alkyl; C 1 -C 8 - halogenoalkyl; C 2 -C 8 -alkenyl; C 2 -C 8 -halogenoalkenyl; C 2 -C 8 -alkynyl; C 2 -C 8 -halogenoalkynyl; C 1 -C 8 - alkoxy; C 1 -C 8 -halogenoalkoxy; C 1 -C 8 -alkyl moiety of the following composite groups: C 1 -C 8 - alkylcarbonyl, (hydroxyimino)C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, (C 1 -C 8 -alkoxyimino)C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, C 1 -
  • cyclic radicals as used herein in the expressions “wherein cyclic radicals may be substituted” designate any of the cyclic groups, be it alicyclic or aromatic, recited in the paragraph before said expressions, or any cyclic moiety of a composite group (e.g. the aryl moiety of aryl-C 1 -C 8 -alkyl).
  • cyclic radicals in the expression “wherein cyclic Y 1 radicals may be substituted” designate the following: C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl and C 4 -C 7 -cycloalkenyl.
  • each of these moieties may be substituted independently of each other.
  • R 1a is an a C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 8 -alkyl
  • the C 1 -C 8 -alkyl moiety of said group may be substituted by one or more R a substituents and the C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl moiety may be substituted by one or more R b substituents.
  • the present invention provides substituted ureas and derivatives thereof as described herein below that may be used for controlling phytopathogenic microorganisms, preferably phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes, in agriculture (e.g. in crop protection).
  • the present invention relates to compounds of formula (I): wherein
  • W 1 is CY 1 or N
  • Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 and Y 5 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, C 2 -C 8 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 8 -alkynyl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, C 4 -C 7 -cycloalkenyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkoxy, formyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkylcarbonyl, (hydroxyimino)C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, carboxyl, (C 1 -C 8 -alkoxyimino)C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, C 1 -C 8 - alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkyl-carbamoyl, di-C 1 -C 8 -alkylcarbamoyl, amino, C 1
  • Z is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, C 2 -C 8 - alkenyl, C 2 -C 8 -alkynyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkoxy, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, C 4 -C 7 -cycloalkenyl, formyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkylcarbonyl, (hydroxyimino)C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, (C 1 -C 8 -alkoxyimino)C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, carboxyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkoxycarbonyl, C 1 -C 8 - alkylcarbamoyl, di-C 1 -C 8 -alkylcarbamoyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkylamino, di-C 1 -C 8 -alkylamino, sulf
  • T O or S
  • Q 1 is CR 1a R 1b ;
  • Q 2 is a direct bond or CR 2a R 2b ;
  • R 1a and R 1b are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, C 2 -C 8 -alkenyl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, hydroxy, C 1 -C 8 -alkoxy, sulfanyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkylsulfanyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkylsu Ifinyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkylsulfonyl, tri-C 1 -C 6 -alkylsilyl and cyano, wherein acyclic aliphatic R 1a and R 1b radicals may be substituted with one or more R a substituents and wherein cyclic R 1a and R 1b radicals may be substituted with one or more R b substituents, or
  • R 1a and R 1b form, together with the carbon atom to which they are linked, a C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl ring wherein said C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl may be substituted with one or more R b substituents,
  • R 2a and R 2b are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, C 2 -C 8 -alkenyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, hydroxy, C 1 -C 8 -alkoxy, sulfanyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkylsulfanyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkylsulfinyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkylsulfonyl, tri-C 1 -C 6 -alkylsilyl and cyano, wherein acyclic aliphatic R 2a and R 2b radicals may be substituted with one or more R a substituents and wherein cyclic R 2a and R 2b radicals may be substituted with one or more R b substituents, or
  • R 2a and R 2b form, together with the carbon atom to which they are linked, a C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl ring wherein said C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl may be substituted with one or more R b substituents;
  • X 1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, C 1 -C 8 -alkyl and C 2 -C 8 -alkenyl;
  • X 2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, C 2 -C 8 -alkenyl, C 3 -C 8 - alkynyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl C 4 -C 7 -cycloalkenyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 8 -alkylsulfanyl-C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, C 1 -C 8 - alkylsulfinyl-C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkylsulfonyl-C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, 3- to 10-membered heterocyclyl, C 6 -C 14 -aryl- C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, 3- to 10-membered heterocyclyl-C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl-C 1 -
  • X 1 and X 2 may form, together with the [thio]urea moiety to which they are linked, a 5 to 7- membered saturated heterocyclyl ring, wherein said 5 to 7-membered heterocyclyl ring may be substituted with one or more X c substituents; provided that at least one of X 1 and X 2 does not represent a hydrogen atom when R 1a and R 1b form, together with the carbon atom to which they are linked, a cyclohexyl radical;
  • A is selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, C 2 -C 8 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 8 -alkynyl, C3-C7- cycloalkyl, C 4 -C 7 -cycloalkenyl, hydroxyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkoxy, sulfanyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkylsulfanyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkylsulfinyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkylsulfonyl, C 6 -C 14 aryl, 3- to 10-membered heterocyclyl, 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, C 6 -C 14 - aryloxy, 3- to 10-membered heterocyclyloxy, 5- to 14-membered heteroaryloxy, 4 6 -C 14 -arylsulfanyl, 3- to 10-membered heterocyclylsulfanyl, 5-
  • Z a , X a , Y a , R a and A a are independently selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, nitro, hydroxyl, cyano, carboxyl, amino, sulfanyl, pentafluoro-X 6 -sulfanyl, formyl, carbamoyl, carbamate, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 8 -halogenocycloalkyl having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, C 2 -C 8 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 8 -alkynyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkylamino, di-C 1 -C 8 -alkylamino, C 1 -C 8 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 8 -halogenoalkoxy having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, C 1 -C 8 -alkylcarbonyl, C 1 -C 8 -halogen
  • Z b , X b , Y b , R b and A b are independently selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, nitro, hydroxyl, cyano, carboxyl, amino, sulfanyl, pentafluoro-X 6 -sulfanyl, formyl, carbamoyl, carbamate, C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, C 1 -C 8 -halogenoalkyl having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, C 3 -C 8 - halogenocycloalkyl having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, C 2 -C 8 -alkenyl, C 4 -C 7 -cycloalkenyl, C 2 -C 8 -alkynyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkylamino, di-C 1 -C 8 -alkylamino, C 1 -C 8 -alk
  • X c is independently selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, C 1 -C 8 - halogenoalkyl having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, C 2 -C 8 -alkenyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkoxy and C 1 -C 8 -alkylsulfanyl; provided that the compound of formula (I) is not a compound of formula (I’): wherein:
  • Y’ 4 and Y’ 5 are fluoro atoms and X’ 2 is selected from the group consisting of C3-C 7 cycloalkyl or C 4 -C 7 - cycloalkenyl; or
  • Y’ 4 is a hydrogen atom
  • Y’ 5 is a fluoro atom
  • X’ 2 is selected from the group consisting of C3-C7- cycloalkyl or C 4 -C 7 -cycloalkenyl; or
  • Y’ 4 is a hydrogen atom
  • Y’ 5 is a methyl
  • X’ 2 is selected from the group consisting of C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl or C 4 -C 7 -cycloalkenyl
  • the chain Q’ 1 -Q’ 2 -A’ represents a C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, C 2 -C 8 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 8 -alkynyl, C 1 -C 8 -alkoxy, C 2 -C 6 - alkenyloxy, C 2 -C 8 -alkynyloxy, CH 2 -C 3 -C 6 -cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 8 -cycloalkoxy, CH2-phenyl, or CH2-heteroaryl ; wherein the heteroaryl contains 1 , 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S; wherein the acyclic and cyclic moieties of the chain Q’ 1
  • the compounds of formula (I) can suitably be in their free form, salt form, N-oxide form or solvate form (e.g. hydrate).
  • the following compounds are mentioned in chemical databases and/or suppliers' databases without any references or information which enable these to be prepared and separated:
  • compounds of formula (I) may be present in the form of different stereoisomers. These stereoisomers are, for example, enantiomers, diastereomers, atropisomers or geometric isomers. Accordingly, the invention encompasses both pure stereoisomers and any mixture of these isomers. Where a compound can be present in two or more tautomer forms in equilibrium, reference to the compound by means of one tautomeric description is to be considered to include all tautomer forms.
  • the compound of formula (I) may be present in the form of the free compound and/or a salt thereof, such as an agrochemically active salt.
  • Agrochemically active salts include acid addition salts of inorganic and organic acids well as salts of customary bases.
  • inorganic acids are hydrohalic acids, such as hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide and hydrogen iodide, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and nitric acid, and acidic salts, such as sodium bisulfate and potassium bisulfate.
  • Useful organic acids include, for example, formic acid, carbonic acid and alkanoic acids such as acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid and propionic acid, and also glycolic acid, thiocyanic acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, oxalic acid, saturated or mono- or diunsaturated fatty acids having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, alkylsulfuric monoesters, alkylsulfonic acids (sulfonic acids having straightchain or branched alkyl radicals having 1 to 20 carbon atoms), arylsulfonic acids or aryldisulfonic acids (aromatic radicals, such as phenyl and naphthyl, which bear one or two sulfonic acid groups), alkylphosphonic acids (phosphonic acids having straight-chain or branched alkyl radicals having 1 to 20 carbon atoms), arylphosphonic acids
  • Solvates of the compounds of formula (I) or their salts are stoichiometric compositions of the compounds with solvents.
  • the compounds of formula (I) may exist in multiple crystalline and/or amorphous forms. Crystalline forms include unsolvated crystalline forms, solvates and hydrates.
  • W 1 is preferably CY 1 or N, wherein Y 1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, hydroxyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 -halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxycarbonyl, formyl and cyano.
  • Y 1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, hydroxyl, C 1 -C
  • W 1 is CY 1 or N
  • Y 1 is a hydrogen atom
  • Z is preferably selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 -halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different and cyano.
  • Z is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom and C 1 -C 6 -alkyl.
  • Z is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom and methyl.
  • Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 and Y 5 are preferably independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, hydroxyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 - halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C 1 -C 6 - alkylcarbonyl, formyl and cyano.
  • Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 and Y 5 are independently hydrogen atom or halogen atom.
  • Y 2 and Y 3 are hydrogen atoms and Y 4 and Y 5 are independently hydrogen atom or fluorine atom.
  • T is O.
  • X 1 is preferably selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, C 1 -C 6 - alkyl and C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl.
  • X 1 is a hydrogen atom.
  • X 2 is preferably selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, C 1 -C 6 - alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C 2 -C 8 - alkenyl, C 2 -C 8 -halogenoalkenyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C3- C 8 -alkynyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 8 -halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 5 halogen atoms, C 1 -C 8 -alkoxy-C 1 -C 8 - alkyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 4 -C 7 -cycloalkenyl, C 4 -C 7 -cycloalkenyl, C 4
  • X 2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 - halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C2- C 6 -halogenoalkenyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C 3 -C 6 -alkynyl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, 3- to 10-membered heterocyclyl-C 1 -C 6 - alkyl comprising 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of O, N and S.
  • X 2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C1-C3- halogenoalkyl comprising up to 3 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C2- C 6 -halogenoalkenyl comprising up to 3 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C 3 -C 6 -alkynyl, C 3 -C 5 -cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 5 -cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, 3- to 5-membered heterocyclyl-C 1 -C 8 -alkyl comprising 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of O, N and S.
  • X 1 and X 2 form, together with the [thio]urea moiety to which they are linked, a 5 to 7-membered saturated heterocyclyl ring, wherein said 5 to 7-membered heterocyclic ring may be substituted with one or more X c substituents.
  • X 1 and X 2 form in this embodiment, together with the [thio]urea moiety to which they are linked, a 5 to 7-membered saturated heterocyclyl ring.
  • X 1 and X 2 form in this embodiment, together with the [thio]urea moiety to which they are linked a 1 ,3-disubstituted imidazolidin-2-one or a 1 ,3-disubstituted tetrahydropyrimidin-2(1 H)-one that may be substituted with one or more X c substituents.
  • X c is selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 6 -alkyl and C 1 -C 6 -halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different.
  • X c is C 1 -C 6 -alkyl most preferably methyl.
  • X 2 is other than C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl or C 4 -C 7 -cycloalkenyl when:
  • - W 1 is CH, T is O, X 1 is H, Z is H, Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 and Y 4 are H and Y 5 is F, or
  • W 1 is CH
  • T is O
  • X 1 is H
  • Z is H
  • Y 1 , Y 2 and Y 3 are H and Y 4 and Y 5 are F, or
  • R 1a and R 1b are preferably independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different and C 3 -C 6 -cycloalkyl or R 1a and R 1b form, together with the carbon atom to which they are linked, a C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl.
  • R 1a and R 1b are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl and C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl or R 1a and R 1b form, together with the carbon atom to which they are linked, a C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, preferably a C 3 -C 6 -cycloalkyl.
  • R 1a is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, Ci- C 6 -alkyl (preferably methyl, ethyl, isopropyl and isobutyl) and C 3 -C 6 -cycloalkyl (preferably cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl) and R 1b is hydrogen atom.
  • R 1a and R 1b form, together with the carbon atom to which they are linked a cycloalkyl other than cyclohexyl.
  • Q 2 is a direct bond or CR 2a R 2b , wherein R 2a and R 2b are preferably independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different and C 3 -C 6 -cycloalkyl.
  • R 2a and R 2b are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom and C 1 -C 6 -alkyl.
  • R 2a is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (preferably methyl and isopropyl) and R 2b is hydrogen atom.
  • A is preferably selected from the group consisting of C 3 -C 8 -alkyl, C 3 -C 8 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 -halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C3-C7- cycloalkyl, C 4 -C 7 -cycloalkenyl, C 6 -C 14 -aryl, 3- to 10-membered heterocyclyl and 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl wherein cyclic A radicals may be substituted with one or more A b substituents.
  • A is selected from the group consisting of C 3 -C 8 -alkyl, C 3 -C7-cycloalkyl, C 6 -C 14 -aryl, 3- to 6-membered heterocyclyl comprising 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of O, N and S, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl comprising 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of O, N and S, wherein cyclic A radicals may be substituted with one or more A b substituents.
  • said A b substituent is selected from the list consisting of halogen atom, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 - halogenoalkyl and cyano.
  • acyclic aliphatic A radicals are branched hydrocarbon chains.
  • substituents of the compounds according to the invention can be combined in various manners. These combinations of preferred features thus provide sub-classes of compounds according to the invention. Examples of such sub-classes of preferred compounds according to the invention are:
  • W 1 with one or more preferred features of Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 , Y 5 , Z, T, X 1 , X 2 , R 1a , R 1b , R 2a , R 2b and A;
  • Y 1 with one or more preferred features of W 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 , Y 5 , Z, T, X 1 , X 2 , R 1a , R 1b , R 2a , R 2b and A;
  • Y 2 with one or more preferred features of W 1 , Y 1 , Y 3 , Y 4 , Y 5 , Z, T, X 1 , X 2 , R 1a , R 1b , R 2a , R 2b and A;
  • Y 3 with one or more preferred features of W 1 , Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 4 , Y 5 , Z, T, X 1 , X 2 , R 1a , R 1b , R 2a , R 2b and A;
  • Y 4 with one or more preferred features of W 1 , Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 5 , Z, T, X 1 , X 2 , R 1a , R 1b , R 2a , R 2b and A;
  • Y 5 with one or more preferred features of W 1 , Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 , Z, T, X 1 , X 2 , R 1a , R 1b , R 2a , R 2b and A;
  • T with one or more preferred features of W 1 , Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 , Y 5 , Z, X 1 , X 2 , R 1a , R 1b , R 2a , R 2b and A;
  • X 2 with one or more preferred features of W 1 , Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 , Y 5 , Z, T, X 1 , R 1a , R 1b , R 2a , R 2b and A;
  • R 1a with one or more preferred features of W 1 , Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 , Y 5 , Z, T, X 1 , X 2 , R 1b , R 2a , R 2b and A;
  • R 1b with one or more preferred features of W 1 , Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 , Y 5 , Z, T, X 1 , X 2 , R 1a , R 2a , R 2b and A;
  • R 2a with one or more preferred features of W 1 , Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 , Y 5 , Z, T, X 1 , X 2 , R 1a , R 1b , R 2b and A;
  • R 2b with one or more preferred features of W 1 , Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 , Y 5 , Z, T, X 1 , X 2 , R 1a , R 1b , R 2a and A;
  • the said preferred features can also be selected among the more preferred features of each of W 1 , Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 , Y 5 , Z, T, X 1 , X 2 , R 1a , R 1b , R 2a , R 2b and A so as to form most preferred subclasses of compounds according to the invention.
  • Compounds of formula (I) may be used for controlling phytopathogenic microorganisms, preferably phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes, in agriculture (e.g. in crop protection).
  • the present invention also relates to processes for the preparation of compounds of formula (I).
  • the radicals W 1 , Y 1 , Y 2 , Y 3 , Y 4 , Y 5 , Z, T, X 1 , X 2 , Q 1 , Q 2 , X c and A have the meanings given above for the compounds of formula (I). These definitions apply not only to the end products of the formula (I) but likewise to all intermediates.
  • Process P1 can be performed if appropriate in the presence of a base and if appropriate in the presence of a solvent according to known processes.
  • lso[thio]cyanates of formula (II) can be prepared by action of phosgene or thiophosgene as well as any precursor of it (e.g. diphosgene or triphosgene) on an amine of formula (IV) according to known processes (Patai's Chemistry of Functional Groups - The chemistry of Cyanates and Their Thio Derivatives - Part 2 - 1977).
  • Amines of formula (IV) are commercially available or can be prepared by reduction by known processes of a nitro derivative of formula (VII).
  • Nitro derivatives of formula (VII) are commercially available or can be prepared by known processes.
  • Amines of formula (III) are commercially available or can be prepared by known processes.
  • Suitable solvents for carrying out process P1 are not particularly limited. They can be customary inert organic solvents as long as it is not dissolving the compound or reagents to react therewith or exhibit any particular interaction therewith. Preference is given to using, optionally halogenated, aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic hydrocarbons, such as petroleum ether, pentane, hexane, heptane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, benzene, toluene, xylene, decalin, ISOPARTM E or ISOPARTM G, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1 ,2-dichloroethane or trichloroethane; ethers, such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, methyl tert-amyl ether, dio
  • Suitable bases for carrying out process P1 can be inorganic and organic bases which are customary for such reactions.
  • Process P1 may be performed if appropriate in an inert atmosphere such as argon or nitrogen atmosphere.
  • an inert atmosphere such as argon or nitrogen atmosphere.
  • 1 mole or an excess of amine of formula (III) and if appropriate from 1 to 5 moles of base can be employed per mole of iso[thio]cyanate of formula (II). It is also possible to employ the reaction components in other ratios. Work-up is carried out by known methods.
  • Process P2 can be performed if appropriate in the presence of a base and if appropriate in the presence of a solvent according to known processes.
  • [Thio]carbamates of formula (Va) wherein U 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyoxy group can be prepared by condensation of a substituted or unsubstituted phenylchloro[thio]formate on an amine of formula (IV) according to known processes (Tetrahedron (2012), 68 , p15-45 and Science of Synthesis - Carbonic acid halides - (2005), 18, p321-377).
  • [Thio]carbamates of formula (Vb) wherein U 1 is a C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy group can be prepared by reaction of amine of formula (IV) with a di-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl [dithio]dicarbonate according to known processes (Tetrahedron (2012), 68 , p15-45 and Science of Synthesis - Carbonic acid halides - (2005), 18, p321- 377).
  • Suitable bases for carrying out process P2 can be as disclosed in connection with process P1 .
  • Suitable solvents for carrying out process P2 can be as disclosed in connection with process P1 .
  • Process P2 may be performed if appropriate in an inert atmosphere such as argon or nitrogen atmosphere.
  • an inert atmosphere such as argon or nitrogen atmosphere.
  • 1 mole or an excess of amine of formula (III) and if appropriate from 1 to 5 moles of base can be employed per mole of [thio]carbamate of formula (V). It is also possible to employ the reaction components in other ratios. Work-up is carried out by known methods.
  • Process P3 can be performed if appropriate in the presence of a base and if appropriate in the presence of a solvent according to known processes.
  • [Thio]carbamates of formula (VI) are commercially available or can be prepared as disclosed for [thio]carbamates of formula (Va)/(Vb) in process P2.
  • Suitable bases for carrying out process P3 can be as disclosed in connection with process P1 .
  • Suitable solvents for carrying out process P3 can be as disclosed in connection with process P1 .
  • Process P3 may be performed if appropriate in an inert atmosphere such as argon or nitrogen atmosphere.
  • an inert atmosphere such as argon or nitrogen atmosphere.
  • 1 mole or an excess of [thio]carbamate of formula (VI) and if appropriate from 1 to 5 moles of base can be employed per mole of amine of formula (IVb). It is also possible to employ the reaction components in other ratios. Work-up is carried out by known methods.
  • Compound of formula (la) can be prepared as disclosed in processes P1 , P2 and P3.
  • Process P4 may be performed if appropriate in an inert atmosphere such as argon or nitrogen atmosphere.
  • an inert atmosphere such as argon or nitrogen atmosphere.
  • 1 mole or an excess of alkyl halide of formula (VIII) and if appropriate from 1 to 5 moles of base can be employed per mole of compound of formula (la). It is also possible to employ the reaction components in other ratios. Work-up is carried out by known methods.
  • Process P5 can be performed if appropriate in the presence of a base and if appropriate in the presence of a solvent and if appropriate in the presence of water according to known processes.
  • Suitable bases for carrying out process P5 can be as disclosed in connection with process P1 .
  • Suitable solvents for carrying out process P5 can be as disclosed in connection with process P1 .
  • Process P5 may be performed if appropriate in an inert atmosphere such as argon or nitrogen atmosphere.
  • an inert atmosphere such as argon or nitrogen atmosphere.
  • 1 mole or an excess of alkyl dihalide of formula (IX) and if appropriate from 2 to 5 moles of base can be employed per mole of compound of formula (lb). It is also possible to employ the reaction components in other ratios. Work-up is carried out by known methods.
  • compound of formula (X) is treated with 1 equivalent or more of a base such as sodium hydride and a halogen derivative of formula (XI), if appropriate in presence of sodium or potassium iodide according to known processes such as J.Med.Chem. (2000), 43, 3653.
  • the reaction is usually carried out in polar aprotic solvents such as dimethylformamide.
  • Compound of formula (X) can be prepared by condensation of the heterocyclyl compound of formula (XII) on the 3-halogeno quinoline of formula (XIII) wherein Hal 5 is chloro, bromo or iodo, according to known processes such as Synthesis (2005), 915 or WO2018/167147 [270],
  • Process P6 may be performed if appropriate in an inert atmosphere such as argon or nitrogen atmosphere.
  • an inert atmosphere such as argon or nitrogen atmosphere.
  • 1 mole or an excess of the halide derivative of formula (XI) and if appropriate from 1 to 5 moles of base can be employed per mole of compound of formula (X). It is also possible to employ the reaction components in other ratios. Work-up is carried out by known methods.
  • the alkylation of a compound of formula (lb) wherein T is S by an alkyl dihalide of formula (IX) or the alkylation of a compound of formula (X) wherein T is S by a halogen derivative of formula (XI) may not always be selective and may provide unwanted S-alkylated by-products.
  • Suitable thionating agents for carrying out process P7 according to the invention can be sulfur (S), sulfhydric acid (H2S), sodium sulfide (Na2S), sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), boron trisulfide (B2S3), bis (diethylaluminium) sulfide ((AIEt2)2S), ammonium sulfide ((NH 4 ) 2 S), phosphorous pentasulfide (P2S5), Lawesson’
  • Suitable solvents for carrying out process P7 can be as disclosed in connection with process P1 .
  • Compound of formula (Id) can be prepared as disclosed in processes P5 and P6.
  • Process P7 may be performed if appropriate in an inert atmosphere such as argon or nitrogen atmosphere.
  • an inert atmosphere such as argon or nitrogen atmosphere.
  • 1 mole or an excess of the thionating agent can be employed per mole of compound of formula (Id). It is also possible to employ the reaction components in other ratios. Work-up is carried out by known methods.
  • Processes P1 , P2, P3, P4, P5, P6 and P7 are generally carried out under atmospheric pressure. It is also possible to operate under elevated or reduced pressure.
  • reaction temperatures can be varied within a relatively wide range. In general, these processes are carried out at temperatures from - 78 °C to 200 °C, preferably from - 78 °C to 150 °C.
  • a way to control the temperature for the processes is to use microwave technology.
  • reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure.
  • residue that remains can be freed by known methods, such as chromatography or crystallization, from any impurities that can still be present.
  • reaction mixture is treated with water and the organic phase is separated off and, after drying, concentrated under reduced pressure. If appropriate, the remaining residue can, be freed by customary methods, such as chromatography, crystallization or distillation, from any impurities that may still be present.
  • compositions and formulations can be prepared according to the general processes of preparation described above. It will nevertheless be understood that, on the basis of his general knowledge and of available publications, the skilled worker will be able to adapt the methods according to the specifics of each compound, which it is desired to synthesize.
  • the present invention further relates to compositions, in particular compositions for controlling unwanted microorganisms.
  • the composition may be applied to the microorganisms and/or in their habitat.
  • composition comprises at least one compound of formula (I) and at least one agriculturally suitable auxiliary, e.g. carrier(s) and/or surfactants).
  • agriculturally suitable auxiliary e.g. carrier(s) and/or surfactants.
  • a carrier is a solid or liquid, natural or synthetic, organic or inorganic substance that is generally inert.
  • the carrier generally improves the application of the compounds, for instance, to plants, plants parts or seeds.
  • suitable solid carriers include, but are not limited to, ammonium salts, in particular ammonium sulfates, ammonium phosphates and ammonium nitrates, natural rock flours, such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite and diatomaceous earth, silica gel and synthetic rock flours, such as finely divided silica, alumina and silicates.
  • typically useful solid carriers for preparing granules include but are not limited to crushed and fractionated natural rocks such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite and dolomite, synthetic granules of inorganic and organic flours and granules of organic material such as paper, sawdust, coconut shells, maize cobs and tobacco stalks.
  • suitable liquid carriers include, but are not limited to, water, organic solvents and combinations thereof.
  • suitable solvents include polar and nonpolar organic chemical liquids, for example from the classes of aromatic and nonaromatic hydrocarbons (such as cyclohexane, paraffins, alkylbenzenes, xylene, toluene, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatics or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride), alcohols and polyols (which may optionally also be substituted, etherified and/or esterified, such as ethanol, propanol, butanol, benzylalcohol, cyclohexanol or glycol), ketones (such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone), esters (including fats and oils) and (poly)ethers, unsubstituted and substituted amines, amide
  • the carrier may also be a liquefied gaseous extender, i.e. liquid which is gaseous at standard temperature and under standard pressure, for example aerosol propellants such as halohydrocarbons, butane, propane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
  • a liquefied gaseous extender i.e. liquid which is gaseous at standard temperature and under standard pressure
  • aerosol propellants such as halohydrocarbons, butane, propane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
  • Preferred solid carriers are selected from clays, talc and silica.
  • Preferred liquid carriers are selected from water, fatty acid amides and esters thereof, aromatic and nonaromatic hydrocarbons, lactams and carbonic acid esters.
  • the amount of carrier typically ranges from 1 to 99.99%, preferably from 5 to 99.9%, more preferably from 10 to 99.5%, and most preferably from 20 to 99% by weight of the composition.
  • Liquid carriers are typically present in a range of from 20 to 90%, for example 30 to 80% by weight of the composition.
  • Solid carriers are typically present in a range of from 0 to 50%, preferably 5 to 45%, for example 10 to 30% by weight of the composition.
  • composition comprises two or more carriers, the outlined ranges refer to the total amount of carriers.
  • the surfactant can be an ionic (cationic or anionic), amphoteric or non-ionic surfactant, such as ionic or non-ionic emulsifier(s), foam formers), dispersant(s), wetting agent(s), penetration enhancer(s) and any mixtures thereof.
  • surfactants include, but are not limited to, salts of polyacrylic acid, salts of lignosulfonic acid (such as sodium lignosulfonate), salts of phenolsulfonic acid or naphthalenesulfonic acid, polycondensates of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide with fatty alcohols, fatty acids or fatty amines (for example, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters such as castor oil ethoxylate, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, for example alkylaryl polyglycol ethers), substituted phenols (preferably alkylphenols or arylphenols) and ethoxylates thereof (such as tristyrylphenol ethoxylate), salts of sulfosuccinic esters, taurine derivatives (preferably alkyl taurates), phosphoric esters of polyethoxylated alcohols or phenols, fatty esters of polyols (such a fatty acid esters of g,
  • Preferred surfactants are selected from polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, alkylbenzene sulfonates, such as calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, castor oil ethoxylate, sodium lignosulfonate and arylphenol ethoxylates, such as tristyrylphenol ethoxylate.
  • the amount of surfactants typically ranges from 5 to 40%, for example 10 to 20%, by weight of the composition.
  • auxiliaries include water repellents, siccatives, binders (adhesive, tackifier, fixing agent, such as carboxymethylcellulose, natural and synthetic polymers in the form of powders, granules or latices, such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate, natural phospholipids such as cephalins and lecithins and synthetic phospholipids, polyvinylpyrrolidone and tylose), thickeners and secondary thickeners (such as cellulose ethers, acrylic acid derivatives, xanthan gum, modified clays, e.g. the products available under the name Bentone, and finely divided silica), stabilizers (e.g.
  • cold stabilizers preservatives (e.g. dichlorophene and benzyl alcohol hemiformal), antioxidants, light stabilizers, in particular UV stabilizers, or other agents which improve chemical and/or physical stability), dyes or pigments (such as inorganic pigments, e.g. iron oxide, titanium oxide and Prussian Blue; organic dyes, e.g. alizarin, azo and metal phthalocyanine dyes), antifoams (e.g.
  • auxiliaries mineral and vegetable oils, perfumes, waxes, nutrients (including trace nutrients, such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc), protective colloids, thixotropic substances, penetrants, sequestering agents and complex formers.
  • the choice of the auxiliaries depends on the intended mode of application of the compound of formula (I) and/or on the physical properties of the compound(s).
  • the auxiliaries may be chosen to impart particular properties (technical, physical and/or biological properties) to the compositions or use forms prepared therefrom. The choice of auxiliaries may allow customizing the compositions to specific needs.
  • compositions may be provided to the end user as ready-for-use formulation, i.e. the compositions may be directly applied to the plants or seeds by a suitable device, such as a spraying or dusting device.
  • a suitable device such as a spraying or dusting device.
  • the compositions may be provided to the end user in the form of concentrates which have to be diluted, preferably with water, prior to use.
  • composition can be prepared in conventional manners, for example by mixing the compound of formula (I) with one or more suitable auxiliaries, such as disclosed herein above.
  • the composition comprises a fungicidally effective amount of the compound(s) of formula (I)
  • effective amount denotes an amount, which is sufficient for controlling harmful fungi on cultivated plants or in the protection of materials and which does not result in a substantial damage to the treated plants. Such an amount can vary in a broad range and is dependent on various factors, such as the fungal species to be controlled, the treated cultivated plant or material, the climatic conditions and the specific compound of formula (I) used.
  • the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) contains from 0.01 to 99% by weight, preferably from 0.05 to 98% by weight, more preferred from 0.1 to 95% by weight, even more preferably from 0.5 to 90% by weight, most preferably from 1 to 80% by weight of the compound of formula (I). It is possible that a composition comprises two or more compounds of the invention. In such case the outlined ranges refer to the total amount of compounds of the present invention.
  • composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may be in any customary composition type, such as solutions (e.g. aqueous solutions), emulsions, water- and oil-based suspensions, powders (e.g. wettable powders, soluble powders), dusts, pastes, granules (e.g. soluble granules, granules for broadcasting), suspoemulsion concentrates, natural or synthetic products impregnated with the compound of formula (I), fertilizers and also microencapsulations in polymeric substances.
  • the compound of formula (I) may be present in a suspended, emulsified or dissolved form. Examples of particular suitable composition types are solutions, watersoluble concentrates (e.g.
  • SL LS
  • dispersible concentrates DC
  • suspensions and suspension concentrates e.g. SC, OD, OF, FS
  • emulsifiable concentrates e.g. EC
  • emulsions e.g. EW, EO, ES, ME, SE
  • capsules e.g. CS, ZC
  • pastes pastilles
  • wettable powders or dusts e.g. WP, SP, WS, DP, DS
  • pressings e.g. BR, TB, DT
  • granules e.g. WG, SG, GR, FG, GG, MG
  • insecticidal articles e.g.
  • compositions types are defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). An overview is given in the "Catalogue of pesticide formulation types and international coding system", Technical Monograph No. 2, 6th Ed. May 2008, Croplife International.
  • the composition is in form of one of the following types: EC, SC, FS, SE, OD and WG, more preferred EC, SC, OD and WG.
  • composition types and their preparation are given below. If two or more compounds of the invention are present, the outlined amount of compound of formula (I) refers to the total amount of compounds of the present invention. This applies mutatis mutandis for any further component of the composition, if two or more representatives of such component, e.g. wetting agent, binder, are present.
  • SL, LS Water-soluble concentrates
  • ком ⁇ онент e.g. a mixture of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate
  • surfactant e.g. a mixture of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate
  • waterinsoluble organic solvent e.g. aromatic hydrocarbon
  • This mixture is added to such amount of water by means of an emulsifying machine to result in a total amount of 100 % by weight.
  • the resulting composition is a homogeneous emulsion. Before application the emulsion may be further diluted with water.
  • an agitated ball mill 20-60 % by weight of at least one compound of formula (I) are comminuted with addition of 2-10 % by weight surfactant (e.g. sodium lignosulfonate and polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether), 0.1-2 % by weight thickener (e.g. xanthan gum) and waterto give a fine active substance suspension.
  • surfactant e.g. sodium lignosulfonate and polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether
  • thickener e.g. xanthan gum
  • waterto e.g. xanthan gum
  • the water is added in such amount to result in a total amount of 100 % by weight. Dilution with water gives a stable suspension of the active substance.
  • binder e.g. polyvinylalcohol
  • a suitable grinding equipment e.g. an agitated ball mill
  • 20-60 % by weight of at least one compound of formula (I) are comminuted with addition of 2-10 % by weight surfactant (e.g. sodium lignosulfonate and polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether), 0.1-2 % by weight thickener (e.g. modified clay, in particular Bentone, or silica) and an organic carrier to give a fine active substance oil suspension.
  • the organic carrier is added in such amount to result in a total amount of 100 % by weight. Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion of the active substance.
  • At least one compound of formula (I) are ground finely with addition of surfactant (e.g. sodium lignosulfonate and polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether) and converted to water-dispersible or water- soluble granules by means of technical appliances (e. g. extrusion, spray tower, fluidized bed).
  • surfactant e.g. sodium lignosulfonate and polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether
  • the surfactant is used in such amount to result in a total amount of 100 % by weight. Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active substance.
  • WP, SP, WS Water-dispersible powders and water-soluble powders
  • % by weight of at least one compound of formula (I) are ground in a rotor-stator mill with addition of 1-8 % by weight surfactant (e.g. sodium lignosulfonate, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether) and such amount of solid carrier, e.g. silica gel, to result in a total amount of 100 % by weight. Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active substance.
  • surfactant e.g. sodium lignosulfonate, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether
  • solid carrier e.g. silica gel
  • agitated ball mill 5-25 % by weight of at least one compound of formula (I) are comminuted with addition of 3-10 % by weight surfactant (e.g. sodium lignosulfonate), 1-5 % by weight binder (e.g. carboxymethylcellulose) and such amount of waterto result in a total amount of 100 % by weight. This results in a fine suspension of the active substance. Dilution with water gives a stable suspension of the active substance.
  • ix Microemulsion (ME) 5-20 % by weight of at least one compound of formula (I) are added to 5-30 % by weight organic solvent blend (e.g. fatty acid dimethylamide and cyclohexanone), 10-25 % by weight surfactant blend (e.g.
  • An oil phase comprising 5-50 % by weight of at least one compound of formula (I), 0-40 % by weight water- insoluble organic solvent (e.g. aromatic hydrocarbon), 2-15 % by weight acrylic monomers (e.g. methylmethacrylate, methacrylic acid and a di- or triacrylate) are dispersed into an aqueous solution of a protective colloid (e.g. polyvinyl alcohol). Radical polymerization initiated by a radical initiator results in the formation of poly(meth)acrylate microcapsules.
  • an oil phase comprising 5-50 % by weight of at least one compound of formula (I), 0-40 % by weight water-insoluble organic solvent (e.g.
  • At least one compound of formula (I) are ground finely and associated with such amount of solid carrier (e.g. silicate) to result in a total amount of 100 % by weight.
  • Granulation is achieved by extrusion, spray-drying or the fluidized bed.
  • compositions types i) to xiii) may optionally comprise further auxiliaries, such as 0.1-1 % by weight preservatives, 0.1-1 % by weight antifoams, 0.1-1 % by weight dyes and/or pigments, and 5-10% by weight antifreezes.
  • auxiliaries such as 0.1-1 % by weight preservatives, 0.1-1 % by weight antifoams, 0.1-1 % by weight dyes and/or pigments, and 5-10% by weight antifreezes.
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) can be mixed with other active ingredients like fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, insecticides, biological control agents or herbicides. Mixtures with fertilizers, growth regulators, safeners, nitrification inhibitors, semiochemicals and/or other agriculturally beneficial agents are also possible. This may allow to broaden the activity spectrum or to prevent development of resistance.
  • Inhibitors of the ergosterol biosynthesis for example (1.001) cyproconazole, (1.002) difenoconazole, (1.003) epoxiconazole, (1.004) fenbuconazole, (1.005) fenhexamid, (1.006) fenpropidin, (1.007) fenpropimorph, (1.008) fenpyrazamine, (1.009) Fluoxytioconazole, (1.010) fluquinconazole, (1.011) flutriafol, (1.012) hexaconazole, (1.013) imazalil, (1.014) imazalil sulfate, (1.015) ipconazole, (1.016) ipfentrifluconazole, (1.017) mefentrifluconazole, (1.018) metconazole, (1.019) myclobutanil, (1.020) paclobutrazol, (1 .021) penconazole, (1 .022) prochlora
  • Inhibitors of the respiratory chain at complex I or II for example (2.001) benzovindiflupyr, (2.002) bixafen, (2.003) boscalid, (2.004) carboxin, (2.005) cyclobutrifluram, (2.006) flubeneteram, (2.007) fluindapyr, (2.008) fluopyram, (2.009) flutolanil, (2.010) fluxapyroxad, (2.011) furametpyr, (2.012) inpyrfluxam, (2.013) Isofetamid, (2.014) isoflucypram, (2.015) isopyrazam, (2.016) penflufen, (2.017) penthiopyrad, (2.018) pydiflumetofen, (2.019) pyrapropoyne, (2.020) pyraziflumid, (2.021) sedaxane,
  • Inhibitors of the respiratory chain at complex III for example (3.001) ametoctradin, (3.002) amisulbrom, (3.003) azoxystrobin, (3.004) coumethoxystrobin, (3.005) coumoxystrobin, (3.006) cyazofamid, (3.007) dimoxystrobin, (3.008) enoxastrobin, (3.009) famoxadone, (3.010) fenamidone, (3.011) fenpicoxamid, (3.012) florylpicoxamid, (3.013) flufenoxystrobin, (3.014) fluoxastrobin, (3.015) kresoxim-methyl, (3.016) mandestrobin, (3.017) metarylpicoxamid, (3.018) metominostrobin, (3.019) metyltetraprole, (3.020) orysastrobin, (3.021) picoxystrobin, (3.022) pyraclostrobin, (3.021) pic
  • Inhibitors of the mitosis and cell division for example (4.001) carbendazim, (4.002) diethofencarb, (4.003) ethaboxam, (4.004) fluopicolide, (4.005) fluopimomide, (4.006) metrafenone, (4.007) pencycuron, (4.008) pyridachlometyl, (4.009) pyriofenone (chlazafenone), (4.010) thiabendazole, (4.011) thiophanate-methyl, (4.012) zoxamide, (4.013) 3-chloro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(2,6- difluorophenyl)-6-methylpyridazine, (4.014) 3-chloro-5-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)-6-methyl-4-(2,4,6- trifluorophenyl)pyridazine, (4.015) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N
  • Compounds capable to induce a host defence for example (6.001) acibenzolar-S-methyl, (6.002) fosetyl-aluminium, (6.003) fosetyl-calcium, (6.004) fosetyl-sodium, (6.005) isotianil, (6.006) phosphorous acid and its salts, (6.007) probenazole, (6.008) tiadinil.
  • Inhibitors of the amino acid and/or protein biosynthesis for example (7.001) cyprodinil, (7.002) kasugamycin, (7.003) kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate, (7.004) oxytetracycline, (7.005) pyrimethanil
  • Inhibitors of the ATP production for example (8.001) silthiofam.
  • Inhibitors of the cell wall synthesis for example (9.001) benthiavalicarb, (9.002) dimethomorph, (9.003) flumorph, (9.004) iprovalicarb, (9.005) mandipropamid, (9.006) pyrimorph, (9.007) valifenalate, (9.008) (2E)-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)-1-(morpholin-4-yl)prop-2-en-1-one, (9.009) (2Z)-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)-1-(morpholin-4-yl)prop-2-en-1-one.
  • Inhibitors of the lipid synthesis or transport, or membrane synthesis for example (10.001) fluoxapiprolin, (10.002) natamycin, (10.003) oxathiapiprolin, (10.004) propamocarb, (10.005) propamocarb hydrochloride, (10.006) propamocarb-fosetylate, (10.007) tolclofos-methyl, (10.008) 1-(4- ⁇ 4-[(5R)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1 ,2-oxazol-3-yl]-1 ,3-thiazol-2-yl ⁇ piperidin-1-yl)-2-[5-methyl- 3-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-pyrazol-1 -yl]ethanone, (10.009) 1 -(4- ⁇ 4-[(5S)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro- 1 ,2-oxazol-3
  • Inhibitors of the melanin biosynthesis for example (11 .001) tolprocarb, (11 .002) tricyclazole.
  • Inhibitors of the nucleic acid synthesis for example (12.001) benalaxyl, (12.002) benalaxyl-M (kiralaxyl), (12.003) metalaxyl, (12.004) metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam).
  • Inhibitors of the signal transduction for example (13.001) fludioxonil, (13.002) iprodione, (13.003) procymidone, (13.004) proquinazid, (13.005) quinoxyfen, (13.006) vinclozolin.
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition may also be combined with one or more biological control agents.
  • biological control agents which may be combined with the compound of formula (I) and composition comprising thereof are:
  • biological control is defined as control of harmful organisms such as a phytopathogenic fungi and/or insects and/or acarids and/or nematodes by the use or employment of a biological control agent.
  • biological control agent is defined as an organism other than the harmful organisms and I or proteins or secondary metabolites produced by such an organism for the purpose of biological control. Mutants of the second organism shall be included within the definition of the biological control agent.
  • mutant refers to a variant of the parental strain as well as methods for obtaining a mutant or variant in which the pesticidal activity is greater than that expressed by the parental strain.
  • the ’’parent strain is defined herein as the original strain before mutagenesis.
  • the parental strain may be treated with a chemical such as N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, ethylmethanesulfone, or by irradiation using gamma, x-ray, or UV-irradiation, or by other means well known to those skilled in the art.
  • a chemical such as N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, ethylmethanesulfone, or by irradiation using gamma, x-ray, or UV-irradiation, or by other means well known to those skilled in the art.
  • Known mechanisms of biological control agents comprise enteric bacteria that control root rot by out-competing fungi for space on the surface of the root.
  • Bacterial toxins, such as antibiotics have been used to control pathogens.
  • the toxin can be isolated and applied directly to the plant or the bacterial species may be administered so it produces the toxin in situ.
  • a ’’variant is a strain having all the identifying characteristics of the NRRL or ATCC Accession Numbers as indicated in this text and can be identified as having a genome that hybridizes under conditions of high stringency to the genome of the NRRL or ATCC Accession Numbers.
  • Hybridization refers to a reaction in which one or more polynucleotides react to form a complex that is stabilized via hydrogen bonding between the bases of the nucleotide residues.
  • the hydrogen bonding may occur by Watson-Crick base pairing, Hoogstein binding, or in any other sequence-specific manner.
  • the complex may comprise two strands forming a duplex structure, three or more strands forming a multi-stranded complex, a single self-hybridizing strand, or any combination of these.
  • Hybridization reactions can be performed under conditions of different “stringency”. In general, a low stringency hybridization reaction is carried out at about 40 °C in 10 X SSC or a solution of equivalent ionic strength/temperature. A moderate stringency hybridization is typically performed at about 50 °C in 6 X SSC, and a high stringency hybridization reaction is generally performed at about 60 °C in 1 X SSC.
  • a variant of the indicated NRRL or ATCC Accession Number may also be defined as a strain having a genomic sequence that is greater than 85%, more preferably greater than 90% or more preferably greater than 95% sequence identity to the genome of the indicated NRRL or ATCC Accession Number.
  • a polynucleotide or polynucleotide region (or a polypeptide or polypeptide region) has a certain percentage (for example, 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%) of “sequence identity” to another sequence means that, when aligned, that percentage of bases (or amino acids) are the same in comparing the two sequences. This alignment and the percent homology or sequence identity can be determined using software programs known in the art, for example, those described in Current Protocols in Molecular Biology (F. M. Ausubel et al., eds., 1987).
  • NRRL is the abbreviation for the Agricultural Research Service Culture Collection, an international depositary authority for the purposes of deposing microorganism strains under the Budapest treaty on the international recognition of the deposit of microorganisms for the purposes of patent procedure, having the address National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 North university Street, Peroira, Illinois 61604 USA.
  • ATCC is the abbreviation for the American Type Culture Collection, an international depositary authority for the purposes of deposing microorganism strains under the Budapest treaty on the international recognition of the deposit of microorganisms for the purposes of patent procedure, having the address ATCC Patent Depository, 10801 University Boulevard., Manassas, VA 10110 USA.
  • biological control agents which may be combined with the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) are:
  • Antibacterial agents selected from the group of:
  • (A1) bacteria such as (A1.1) Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain QST713/AQ713 (available as SERENADE OPTI or SERENADE ASO from Bayer CropScience LP, US, having NRRL Accession No. B21661 , U.S. Patent No. 6,060,051);
  • Bacillus subtilis strain BU1814 (available as VELONDIS® PLUS, VELONDIS® FLEX and VELONDIS® EXTRA from BASF SE); (A1 .7) Bacillus mojavensis strain R3B (Accession No. NCAIM (P) B001389) (WO 2013/034938) from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.; (A1 .8) Bacillus subtilis CX-9060 from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.; (A1 .9) Paenibacillus polymyxa, in particular strain AC-1 (e.g.
  • Pseudomonas proradix e.g. PRORADIX® from Sourcon Padena
  • Pantoea agglomerans in particular strain E325 (Accession No. NRRL B-21856) (available as BLOOMTIME BIOLOGICALTM FD BIOPESTICIDE from Northwest Agri Products); and
  • (A2) fungi such as (A2.1) Aureobasidium pullulans, in particular blastospores of strain DSM14940, blastospores of strain DSM 14941 ormixtures of blastospores of strains DSM14940 and DSM14941 (e.g., BOTECTOR® and BLOSSOM PROTECT®from bio-ferm, CH); (A2.2) Pseudozyma aphidis (as disclosed in WO2011/151819 by Yissum Research Development Company of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem); (A2.3) Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in particular strains CNCM No. I-3936, CNCM No. I- 3937, CNCM No. I-3938 or CNCM No. I-3939 (WO 2010/086790) from Lesaffre et Compagnie, FR;
  • Aureobasidium pullulans in particular blastospores of strain DSM14940, blastospores of strain DSM 14941
  • (B1) bacteria for example (B1.1) Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain QST713/AQ713 (available as SERENADE OPTI or SERENADE ASO from Bayer CropScience LP, US, having NRRL Accession No. B21661 and described in U.S. Patent No. 6,060,051); (B1.2) Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain QST2808 (available as SONATA® from Bayer CropScience LP, US, having Accession No. NRRL B- 30087 and described in U.S. Patent No.
  • Bacillus pumilus in particular strain GB34 (available as Yield Shield® from Bayer AG, DE); (B1 .4) Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain BU F-33, having NRRL Accession No. 50185 (available as part of the CARTISSA product from BASF, EPA Reg. No. 71840-19); (B1.5) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, in particular strain D747 (available as Double NickelTM from Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., having accession number FERM BP-8234, US Patent No.
  • Bacillus subtilis Y1336 (available as BIOBAC® WP from Bion-Tech, Taiwan, registered as a biological fungicide in Taiwan under Registration Nos. 4764, 5454, 5096 and 5277); (B1.7) Bacillus subtilis strain MBI 600 (available as SUBTILEX from BASF SE), having Accession Number NRRL B-50595, U.S. Patent No. 5,061 ,495; (B1.8) Bacillus subtilis strain GB03 (available as Kodiak® from Bayer AG, DE); (B1.9) Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24 having Accession No.
  • DSM 10271 (available from Novozymes as TAEGRO® or TAEGRO® ECO (EPA Registration No. 70127-5)); (B1.10) Bacillus mycoides, isolate J, having Accession No. B-30890 (available as BMJ TGAI® or WG and LifeGardTM from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.); (B1.11) Bacillus lichen! formis, in particular strain SB3086, having Accession No. ATCC 55406, WO 2003/000051 (available as ECOGUARD® Biofungicide and GREEN RELEAFTM from Novozymes); (B1.12) a Paenibacillus sp. strain having Accession No. NRRL B-50972 or Accession No.
  • Bacillus subtilis strain BU1814 (available as VELONDIS® PLUS, VELONDIS® FLEX and VELONDIS® EXTRA from BASF SE); (B1.14) Bacillus subtilis CX-9060 from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.; (B1.15) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain F727 (also known as strain MBI110) (NRRL Accession No. B-50768; WO 2014/028521) (STARGUS® from Marrone Bio Innovations); (B1 .16) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain FZB42, Accession No.
  • DSM 23117 available as RHIZOVITAL® from ABiTEP, DE; (B1.17) Bacillus licheniformis FMCH001 and Bacillus subtilis FMCH002 (QUARTZO® (WG) and PRESENCE® (WP) from FMC Corporation); (B1.18) Bacillus mojavensis strain R3B (Accession No. NCAIM (P) B001389) (WO 2013/034938) from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.; (B1.19) Paenibacillus polymyxa ssp.
  • CEDOMON®, CERALL®, and CEDRESS® by Bioagri and Koppert Streptomyces lydicus strain WYEC108 (also known as Streptomyces lydicus strain WYCD108US) (ACTINO-IRON® and ACTI NOVATE® from Novozymes);
  • Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K84 e.g. GALLTROL- A® from AgBioChem, CA
  • B1 .25 Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K1026 (e.g.
  • (B2) fungi for example: (B2.1) Coniothyrium minitans, in particular strain CON/M/91-8 (Accession No. DSM-9660; e.g. Contans ® from Bayer CropScience Biologies GmbH); (B2.2) Metschnikowia fructicola, in particular strain NRRL Y-30752; (B2.3) Microsphaeropsis ochracea; (B2.5) Trichoderma atroviride, in particular strain SC1 (having Accession No. CBS 122089, WO 2009/116106 and U.S. Patent No. 8,431 ,120 (from Bi-PA)), strain 77B (T77 from Andermatt Biocontrol) or strain LU132 (e.g.
  • Trichoderma harzianum strain T-22 e.g. Trianum-P from Andermatt Biocontrol or Koppert
  • strain Cepa Simb-T5 from Simbiose Agro
  • Gliocladium roseum also known as Clonostachys rosea f. rosea
  • strain 321 U from Adjuvants Plus
  • strain ACM941 as disclosed in Xue (Efficacy of Clonostachys rosea strain ACM941 and fungicide seed treatments for controlling the root tot complex of field pea, Can Jour Plant Sci 83(3): 519-524), or strain IK726 (Jensen DF, et al.
  • Trichoderma atroviride strain ATCC 20476 (IMI 206040); (B2.45) Trichoderma atroviride, strain T11 (IM 13529411 CECT20498); (B2.46) Trichoderma harmatum: (B2.47) Trichoderma harzianum; (B2.48) Trichoderma harzianum rifai T39 (e.g. Trichodex® from Makhteshim, US); (B2.49) Trichoderma asperellum, in particular, strain kd (e.g. T-Gro from Andermatt Biocontrol); (B2.50) Trichoderma harzianum, strain ITEM 908 (e.g.
  • Trianum- P from Koppert Trichoderma harzianum, strain TH35 (e.g. Root-Pro by Mycontrol);
  • Trichoderma virens also known as Gliocladium virens
  • strain GL-21 e.g. SoilGard by Certis, US
  • B2.53 Trichoderma viride, strain TV1 (e.g. Trianum-P by Koppert);
  • Ampelomyces quisqualis in particular strain AQ 10 (e.g.
  • NM 99/06216 e.g., BOTRY-ZEN® by Botry-Zen Ltd, New Zealand and BOTRYSTOP® from BioWorks, Inc.
  • Verticillium albo-atrum (formerly V. dahliae), strain WCS850 having Accession No. WCS850, deposited at the Central Bureau for Fungi Cultures (e.g., DUTCH TRIG® by Tree Care Innovations);
  • Verticillium chlamydosporium B2.87) mixtures of Trichoderma asperellum strain ICC 012 (also known as Trichoderma harzianum ICC012), having Accession No. CABI CC IMI 392716 and Trichoderma gamsii (formerly T.
  • viride viride strain ICC 080, having Accession No. IMI 392151 (e.g., BIO-TAMTMfrom Isagro USA, Inc. and BIODERMA® by Agrobiosol de Mexico, S.A. de C.V.); (B2.88) Trichoderma asperelloides JM41 R (Accession No. NRRL B-50759) (TRICHO PLUS® from BASF SE); (B2.89) Aspergillus flavus strain NRRL 21882 (products known as AFLA-GUARD® from Syngenta/ChemChina); (B2.90) Chaetomium cupreum (Accession No. CABI 353812) (e.g.
  • BIOKUPRUMTM by AgriLife (B2.91) Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in particular strain LASO2 (from Agro-Levures et Derives), strain LAS117 cell walls (CEREVISANE® from Lesaffre; ROMEO® from BASF SE), strains CNCM No. I-3936, CNCM No. I-3937, CNCM No. I-3938, CNCM No. I-3939 (WO 2010/086790) from Lesaffre et Compagnie, FR; (B2.92) Trichoderma virens strain G-41 , formerly known as Gliocladium virens (Accession No.
  • ATCC 20906 (e.g., ROOTSHIELD® PLUS WP and TURFSHIELD® PLUS WP from BioWorks, US); (B2.93) Trichoderma hamatum, having Accession No. ATCC 28012; (B2.94) Ampelomyces quisqualis strain AQ10, having Accession No.
  • CNCM I-807 e.g., AQ 10® by IntrachemBio Italia
  • B2.95 Phlebiopsis gigantea strain VRA 1992 (ROTSTOP® C from Danstar Ferment);
  • Penicillium steckii DM 27859; WO 2015/067800) from BASF SE;
  • B2.97 Chaetomium globosum (available as RIVADIOM® by Rivale);
  • B2.100 Dilophosphora alopecuri
  • B2.101 Fusarium oxysporum, strain Fo47 (available as FUSACLEAN® by Natural Plant Protection);
  • B2.102 Pseudozyma flocculosa, strain PF-A22 UL (available as SPORODEX® L by Plant Products Co., CA);
  • B2.103 Phlebiopsis gigantea strain VR
  • strain ICC 080 IMI CC 392151 CABI
  • BIODERMA® AGROBIOSOL DE MEXICO, S.A. DE C.V.
  • B2.104 Trichoderma fertile (e.g. product TrichoPlus from BASF);
  • B2.105 Muscodor roseus, in particular strain A3-5 (Accession No. NRRL 30548);
  • B2.106 Simplicillium lanosoniveum; biological control agents having an effect for improving plant growth and/or plant health which may be combined in the compound combinations according to the invention including
  • C1 bacteria selected from the group consisting of Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain QST2808 (having Accession No. NRRL No. B-30087); Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain QST713/AQ713 (having NRRL Accession No. B-21661and described in U.S. Patent No. 6,060,051 ; available as SERENADE® OPTI or SERENADE® ASO from Bayer CropScience LP, US); Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain AQ30002 (having Accession Nos. NRRL B-50421 and described in U.S. Patent Application No.
  • Bacillus subtilis in particular strain AQ30004 (and NRRL B-50455 and described in U.S. Patent Application No. 13/330,576); Sinorhizobium meliloti strain NRG-185-1 (NITRAGIN® GOLD from Bayer CropScience); Bacillus subtilis strain BU1814, (available as TEQUALIS® from BASF SE); Bacillus subtilis rm303 (RHIZOMAX® from Biofilm Crop Protection); Bacillus amyloliquefaciens pm414 (LOLI- PEPTA® from Biofilm Crop Protection); Bacillus mycoides BT155 (NRRL No. B-50921), Bacillus mycoides EE118 (NRRL No.
  • Bacillus mycoides EE141 (NRRL No. B-50916), Bacillus mycoides BT46-3 (NRRL No. B-50922), Bacillus cereus family member EE128 (NRRL No. B-50917), Bacillus thuringiensis BT013A (NRRL No. B-50924) also known as Bacillus thuringiensis 4Q7, Bacillus cereus family member EE349 (NRRL No.
  • Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SB3281 ATCC # PTA- 7542; WO 2017/205258
  • Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TJ1000 available as QUIKROOTS® from Novozymes
  • Bacillus firmus in particular strain CNMC 1-1582 (e.g. VOTIVO® from BASF SE)
  • Bacillus pumilus in particular strain GB34 (e.g. YIELD SHIELD® from Bayer Crop Science, DE); Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, in particular strain IN937a; Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, in particular strain FZB42 (e.g.
  • RHIZOVITAL®from ABiTEP, DE Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BS27 (Accession No. NRRL B-5015); a mixture of Bacillus licheniformis FMCH001 and Bacillus subtilis FMCH002 (available as QUARTZO® (WG), PRESENCE® (WP) from FMC Corporation); Bacillus cereus, in particular strain BP01 (ATCC 55675; e.g. MEPICHLOR® from Arysta Lifescience, US); Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain MBI 600 (e.g. SUBTILEX® from BASF SE); Bradyrhizobium japonicum (e.g.
  • OPTIMIZE® from Novozymes
  • Mesorhizobium cicer e.g., NODULATOR from BASF SE
  • Rhizobium leguminosarium biovar viciae e.g., NODULATOR from BASF SE
  • Delftia acidovorans in particular strain RAY209 (e.g. BIOBOOST® from Brett Young Seeds)
  • Lactobacillus sp. e.g. LACTOPLANT® from LactoPAFI
  • Paenibacillus polymyxa in particular strain AC-1 (e.g. TOPSEED® from Green Biotech Company Ltd.); Pseudomonas proradix (e.g.
  • PRORADIX® from Sourcon Padena
  • Azospirillum brasilense e.g., VIGOR® from KALO, Inc.
  • Azospirillum lipoferum e.g., VERTEX-IFTM from TerraMax, Inc.
  • a mixture of Azotobacter vinelandii and Clostridium pasteurianum available as INVIGORATE® from Agrinos
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa in particular strain PN1
  • Rhizobium leguminosarum in particular bv. viceae strain Z25 (Accession No.
  • C2 fungi selected from the group consisting of Purpureocillium lilacinum (previously known as Paecilomyces lilacinus) strain 251 (AGAL 89/030550; e.g. BioAct from Bayer CropScience Biologies GmbH)Penicillium bilaii, strain ATCC 22348 (e.g. Jumpstart® from Acceleron BioAg), Talaromyces flavus, strain V117b; Trichoderma atroviride strain CNCM 1-1237 (e.g. Esquive® WP from Agrauxine, FR), Trichoderma viride, e.g.
  • Purpureocillium lilacinum previously known as Paecilomyces lilacinus
  • strain ATCC 22348 e.g. Jumpstart® from Acceleron BioAg
  • Talaromyces flavus strain V117b
  • Trichoderma atroviride strain CNCM 1-1237
  • Trichoderma atroviride strain LC52 also known as Trichoderma atroviride strain LU132; e.g. Sentinel from Agrimm Technologies Limited
  • Trichoderma atroviride strain SC1 described in International Application No. PCT/IT2008/000196
  • Trichoderma asperellum strain kd e.g. T-Gro from Andermatt Biocontrol
  • Trichoderma asperellum strain Eco-T Plantt Health Products, ZA
  • Trichoderma harzianum strain T-22 e.g.
  • Trianum-P from Andermatt Biocontrol or Koppert Myrothecium verrucaria strain AARC-0255 (e.g. DiTeraTM from Valent Biosciences); Penicillium bilaii strain ATCC ATCC20851 ; Pythium oligandrum strain M1 (ATCC 38472; e.g. Polyversum from Bioprepraty, CZ); Trichoderma virens strain GL-21 (e.g. SoilGard® from Certis, USA); Verticillium albo-atrum (formerly V. dahliae) strain WCS850 (CBS 276.92; e.g. Dutch Trig from Tree Care Innovations); Trichoderma atroviride, in particular strain no.
  • AARC-0255 e.g. DiTeraTM from Valent Biosciences
  • Penicillium bilaii strain ATCC ATCC20851 e.g. DiTeraTM from Valent Biosciences
  • (D1) bacteria selected from the group consisting of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, in particular strain ABTS-1857 (SD-1372; e.g. XENTARI® from Valent BioSciences); Bacillus mycoides, isolate J. (e.g. BmJ from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.); Bacillus sphaericus, in particular Serotype H5a5b strain 2362 (strain ABTS-1743) (e.g. VECTOLEX® from Valent BioSciences, US); Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.
  • israelensis strain BMP 144 (e.g.
  • Burkholderia spp. in particular Burkholderia rinojensis strain A396 (also known as Burkholderia rinojensis strain MBI 305) (Accession No. NRRL B-50319; WO 2011/106491 and WO 2013/032693; e.g. MBI-206 TGAI and ZELTO® from Marrone Bio Innovations); Chromobacterium subtsugae, in particular strain PRAA4-1T (MBI-203; e.g. GRANDEVO® from Marrone Bio Innovations); Paenibacillus popilliae (formerly Bacillus popilliae; e.g.
  • MILKY SPORE POWDERTM and MILKY SPORE GRANULARTM from St. Gabriel Laboratories Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (serotype H-14) strain AM65-52 (Accession No. ATCC 1276) (e.g. VECTOBAC® by Valent BioSciences, US); Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki strain EVB-113-19 (e.g., BIOPROTEC® from AEF Global); Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis strain NB 176 (SD-5428; e.g. NOVODOR® FC from BioFa DE); Bacillus thuringiensis var.
  • (D2) fungi selected from the group consisting of Isaria fumosorosea (previously known as Paecilomyces fumosoroseus) strain apopka 97; Beauveria bassiana strain ATCC 74040 (e.g. NATURALIS® from Intrachem Bio Italia); Beauveria bassiana strain GHA (Accession No. ATCC74250; e.g.
  • viruses selected from the group consisting of Adoxophyes orana (summer fruit tortrix) granulosis virus (GV), Cydia pomonella (codling moth) granulosis virus (GV), Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm) nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV), Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm) mNPV, Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) mNPV, and Spodoptera littoralis (African cotton leafworm) NPV;
  • (F) bacteria and fungi which can be added as 'inoculant' to plants or plant parts or plant organs and which, by virtue of their particular properties, promote plant growth and plant health.
  • Examples are: Agrobacterium spp., Azorhizobium caulinodans, Azospirillum spp., Azotobacter spp., Bradyrhizobium spp., Burkholderia spp., in particular Burkholderia cepacia (formerly known as Pseudomonas cepacia), Gigaspora spp., or Gigaspora monosporum, Glomus spp., Laccaria spp., Lactobacillus buchneri, Paraglomus spp., Pisolithus tinctorus, Pseudomonas spp., Rhizobium spp., in particular Rhizobium trifolii, Rhizopogon spp., Scleroderma spp.
  • G plant extracts and products formed by microorganisms including proteins and secondary metabolites which can be used as biological control agents, such as Allium sativum, Artemisia absinthium, azadirachtin, Biokeeper WP, Cassia nigricans, Celastrus angulatus, Chenopodium anthelminticum, chitin, Armour-Zen, Dryopteris filix-mas, Equisetum arvense, Fortune Aza, Fungastop, Heads Up (Chenopodium quinoa saponin extract), Pyrethrum/Pyrethrins, Quassia amara, Quercus, Quillaja, Regalia, "Requiem TM Insecticide", rotenone, ryan/a/ryanodine, Symphytum officinale, Tanacetum vulgare, thymol, Triact 70, TriCon, Tropaeulum majus, Urtica dioica, Veratrin, Viscum album
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) be combined with one or more active ingredients selected from insecticides, acaricides and nematicides.
  • Insecticides as well as the term “insecticidal” refers to the ability of a substance to increase mortality or inhibit growth rate of insects. As used herein, the term “insects” comprises all organisms in the class “Insecta”.
  • nematode and “nematicidal” refers to the ability of a substance to increase mortality or inhibit the growth rate of nematodes.
  • nematode comprises eggs, larvae, juvenile and mature forms of said organism.
  • Acaricide and “acaricidal” refers to the ability of a substance to increase mortality or inhibit growth rate of ectoparasites belonging to the class Arachnida, sub-class Acari.
  • insecticides examples include insecticides, acaricides and nematicides, respectively, which could be mixed with the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (l)are:
  • Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors such as, for example, carbamates, for example alanycarb, aldicarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, triazamate, trimethacarb, XMC and xylylcarb; or organophosphates, for example acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethyl, azinphos-methyl, cadusafos, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifo
  • GABA-gated chloride channel blockers such as, for example, cyclodiene-organochlorines, for example chlordane and endosulfan or phenylpyrazoles (fiproles), for example ethiprole and fipronil.
  • Sodium channel modulators such as, for example, pyrethroids, e.g. acrinathrin, allethrin, d-cis-trans allethrin, d-trans allethrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin s-cyclopentenyl isomer, bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin [(1 R)-trans-isomer], deltamethrin, empenthrin [(EZ)-(1 R)-i
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators such as, for example, neonicotinoids, e.g. acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam or nicotine or sulfoxaflor or flupyradifurone.
  • neonicotinoids e.g. acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam or nicotine or sulfoxaflor or flupyradifurone.
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators such as, for example, spinosyns, e.g. spinetoram and spinosad.
  • Glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCI) allosteric modulators such as, for example, avermectins/milbemycins, for example abamectin, emamectin benzoate, lepimectin and milbemectin.
  • Juvenile hormone mimics such as, for example, juvenile hormone analogues, e.g. hydroprene, kinoprene and methoprene or fenoxycarb or pyriproxyfen.
  • Miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors such as, for example, alkyl halides, e.g. methyl bromide and other alkyl halides; or chloropicrine or sulfuryl fluoride or borax or tartar emetic or methyl isocyanate generators, e.g. diazomet and metam.
  • alkyl halides e.g. methyl bromide and other alkyl halides
  • chloropicrine or sulfuryl fluoride or borax or tartar emetic or methyl isocyanate generators e.g. diazomet and metam.
  • Mite growth inhibitors such as, for example clofentezine, hexythiazox and diflovidazin or etoxazole.
  • Microbial disruptors of the insect gut membrane such as, for example Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tenebrionis, and B.t. plant proteins: CrylAb, CrylAc, Cryl Fa, Cry1A.1 O5, Cry2Ab, Vip3A, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb, Cry34Ab1/35Ab1 .
  • Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase such as, ATP disruptors such as, for example, diafenthiuron or organotin compounds, for example azocyclotin, cyhexatin and fenbutatin oxide or propargite or tetradifon.
  • ATP disruptors such as, for example, diafenthiuron or organotin compounds, for example azocyclotin, cyhexatin and fenbutatin oxide or propargite or tetradifon.
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers such as, for example, bensultap, cartap hydrochloride, thiocylam, and thiosultap-sodium.
  • Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 0, such as, for example, bistrifluron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron and triflumuron.
  • Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis type 1 , for example buprofezin.
  • Moulting disruptor in particular for Diptera, i.e. dipterans, such as, for example, cyromazine.
  • Ecdysone receptor agonists such as, for example, chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide.
  • Octopamine receptor agonists such as, for example, amitraz.
  • Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors such as, for example, hydramethylnone or acequinocyl or fluacrypyrim.
  • Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors such as, for example from the group of the METI acaricides, e.g. fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad and tolfenpyrad or rotenone (Derris).
  • METI acaricides e.g. fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad and tolfenpyrad or rotenone (Derris).
  • Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers such as, for example indoxacarb or metaflumizone.
  • Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase such as, for example, tetronic and tetramic acid derivatives, e.g. spirodiclofen, spiromesifen and spirotetramat.
  • Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors such as, for example, phosphines, e.g. aluminium phosphide, calcium phosphide, phosphine and zinc phosphide or cyanides, e.g. calcium cyanide, potassium cyanide and sodium cyanide.
  • Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors such as, for example, beta-ketonitrile derivatives, e.g. cyenopyrafen and cyflumetofen and carboxanilides, such as, for example, pyflubumide.
  • Ryanodine receptor modulators such as, for example, diamides, e.g. chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole and flubendiamide, further active compounds such as, for example, Afidopyropen, Afoxolaner, Azadirachtin, Benclothiaz, Benzoximate, Bifenazate, Broflanilide, Bromopropylate, Chinomethionat, Chloroprallethrin, Cryolite, Cyclaniliprole, Cycloxaprid, Cyhalodiamide, Dicloromezotiaz, Dicofol, epsilon-Metofluthrin, epsilon- Momfluthrin, Flometoquin, Fluazaindolizine, Fluensulfone, Flufenerim, Flufenoxystrobin, Flufiprole, Fluhexafon, Fluopyram, Fluralaner, Fluxamet
  • WO 2011/085575 A1 (CAS 1233882-22-8), 4-[3-[2,6-dichloro-4-[(3,3-dichloro-2-propen-1-yl)oxy] phenoxy]propoxy]-2-methoxy-6-(trifluoromethyl)-pyrimidine (known from CN 101337940 A) (CAS 1108184-52-6); (2E)- and 2(Z)-2-[2-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene]-A/-[4- (difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-hydrazinecarboxamide (known from CN 101715774 A) (CAS 1232543-85-9); 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-4-(1 H -benzimidazol-2-yl)phenyl-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid ester (known from CN 103524422
  • herbicides which could be mixed with the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (l)are:
  • plant growth regulators are:
  • nitrification inhibitors wich can be mixed with the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (l)are selected from the group consisting of 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-1 -yl)succinic acid, 2-(4,5-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-1 -yl)succinic acid, 3,4- dimethyl pyrazolium glycolate, 3,4-dimethyl pyrazolium citrate, 3,4-dimethyl pyrazolium lactate, 3,4- dimethyl pyrazolium mandelate, 1 ,2,4-triazole, 4-Chloro-3-methylpyrazole, N-((3(5)-methyl-1 H- pyrazole-1 -yl)methyl)acetamide, N-((3(5)-methyl-1 H-pyrazole-1 -yl)methyl)formamide, N-((3(5),4- dimethylpyrazole-1-yl)methyl)formamide, N-((4-ch
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may be combined with one or more agriculturally beneficial agents.
  • agriculturally beneficial agents include biostimulants, plant growth regulators, plant signal molecules, growth enhancers, microbial stimulating molecules, biomolecules, soil amendments, nutrients, plant nutrient enhancers, etc., such as lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCO), chitooligosaccharides (CO), chitinous compounds, flavonoids, jasmonic acid or derivatives thereof (e.g., jasmonates), cytokinins, auxins, gibberellins, absiscic acid, ethylene, brassinosteroids, salicylates, macro- and micro-nutrients, linoleic acid or derivatives thereof, linolenic acid or derivatives thereof, karrikins, and beneficial microorganisms (e.g., Rhizobium spp., Bradyrhizobium spp., Sinorhizobium spp., Azorhizobium spp., Glomus spp., Gigaspora
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) have potent microbicidal activity and/or plant defense modulating potential. They can be used for controlling unwanted microorganisms, such as unwanted fungi and bacteria, on plants. They can be particularly useful in crop protection (they control microorganisms that cause plants diseases) or for protecting materials (e.g. industrial materials, timber, storage goods) as described in more details herein below. More specifically, the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) can be used to protect seeds, germinating seeds, emerged seedlings, plants, plant parts, fruits, harvest goods and/or the soil in which the plants grow from unwanted microorganisms.
  • Control or controlling as used herein encompasses protective, curative and eradicative treatment of unwanted microorganisms.
  • Unwanted microorganisms may be pathogenic bacteria, pathogenic virus, pathogenic oomycetes or pathogenic fungi, more specifically phytopathogenic bacteria, phytopathogenic virus, phytopathogenic oomycetes or phytopathogenic fungi. As detailed herein below, these phytopathogenic microorganims are the causal agents of a broad spectrum of plants diseases.
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) can be used as fungicides.
  • fungicide refers to a compound or composition that can be used in crop protection for the control of unwanted fungi, such as Plasmodiophoromycetes, Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes and/or for the control of Oomycetes.
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may also be used as antibacterial agent.
  • they may be used in crop protection, for example for the control of unwanted bacteria, such as Pseudomonadaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Xanthomonadaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Corynebacteriaceae and Streptomycetaceae.
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may also be used as antiviral agent in crop protection.
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may have effects on diseases from plant viruses, such as the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), tobacco rattle virus, tobacco stunt virus (TStuV), tobacco leaf curl virus (VLCV), tobacco nervilia mosaic virus (TVBMV), tobacco necrotic dwarf virus (TNDV), tobacco streak virus (TSV), potato virus X (PVX), potato viruses Y, S, M, and A, potato acuba mosaic virus (PAMV), potato mop-top virus (PMTV), potato leaf-roll virus (PLRV), alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), cucumber green mottlemosaic virus (CGMMV), cucumber yellows virus (CuYV), watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), tomato ringspot virus (TomRSV), sugarcane mosaic virus
  • the present invention also relates to a method for controlling unwanted microorganisms, such as unwanted fungi, oomycetes and bacteria, on plants comprising the step of applying at least one compound of formula (I) or at least one composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) to the microorganisms and/or their habitat (to the plants, plant parts, seeds, fruits or to the soil in which the plants grow).
  • unwanted microorganisms such as unwanted fungi, oomycetes and bacteria
  • Suitable substrates that may be used for cultivating plants include inorganic based substrates, such as mineral wool, in particular stone wool, perlite, sand or gravel; organic substrates, such as peat, pine bark or sawdust; and petroleum based substrates such as polymeric foams or plastic beads.
  • Effective and plant-compatible amount means an amount that is sufficient to control or destroy the fungi present or liable to appear on the cropland and that does not entail any appreciable symptom of phytotoxicity for said crops. Such an amount can vary within a wide range depending on the fungus to be controlled, the type of crop, the crop growth stage, the climatic conditions and the respective compound of formula (I) or composition used. This amount can be determined by systematic field trials that are within the capabilities of a person skilled in the art.
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may be applied to any plants or plant parts.
  • Plants mean all plants and plant populations, such as desired and undesired wild plants or crop plants (including naturally occurring crop plants).
  • Crop plants may be plants which can be obtained by conventional breeding and optimization methods or by biotechnological and genetic engineering methods or combinations of these methods, including the genetically modified plants (GMO or transgenic plants) and the plant cultivars which are protectable and non-protectable by plant breeders’ rights.
  • Plant cultivars are understood to mean plants which have new properties ("traits”) and have been obtained by conventional breeding, by mutagenesis or by recombinant DNA techniques. They can be cultivars, varieties, bio- or genotypes.
  • Plant parts are understood to mean all parts and organs of plants above and below the ground, such as shoots, leaves, needles, stalks, stems, flowers, fruit bodies, fruits, seeds, roots, tubers and rhizomes.
  • the plant parts also include harvested material and vegetative and generative propagation material, for example cuttings, tubers, rhizomes, slips and seeds.
  • Plants which may be treated in accordance with the methods of the invention include the following: cotton, flax, grapevine, fruit, vegetables, such as Rosaceae sp. (for example pome fruits such as apples and pears, but also stone fruits such as apricots, cherries, almonds and peaches, and soft fruits such as strawberries), Ribesioidae sp., Juglandaceae sp., Betulaceae sp., Anacardiaceae sp., Fagaceae sp., Moraceae sp., Oleaceae sp., Actinidaceae sp., Lauraceae sp., Musaceae sp.
  • Rosaceae sp. for example pome fruits such as apples and pears, but also stone fruits such as apricots, cherries, almonds and peaches, and soft fruits such as strawberries
  • Rosaceae sp. for example pome fruits such as apples and pears, but also
  • Rubiaceae sp. for example coffee
  • Theaceae sp. Sterculiceae sp.
  • Rutaceae sp. for example lemons, oranges and grapefruit
  • Solanaceae sp. for example tomatoes
  • Liliaceae sp. for example lettuce
  • Umbelliferae sp. for example lettuce
  • Alliaceae sp. for example leek, onion
  • peas for example peas
  • major crop plants such as Gramineae sp. (for example maize, turf, cereals such as wheat, rye, rice, barley, oats, millet and triticale), Asteraceae sp. (for example sunflower), Brassicaceae sp. (for example white cabbage, red cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, pak choi, kohlrabi, radishes, and oilseed rape, mustard, horseradish and cress), Fabacae sp. (for example bean, peanuts), Papilionaceae sp. (for example soya bean), Solanaceae sp. (for example potatoes), Chenopodiaceae sp. (for example sugar beet, fodder beet, swiss chard, beetroot); useful plants and ornamental plants for gardens and wooded areas; and genetically modified varieties of each of these plants.
  • Plants and plant cultivars which may be treated by the above disclosed methods include plants and plant cultivars which are resistant against one or more biotic stresses, i.e. said plants show a better defense against animal and microbial pests, such as against nematodes, insects, mites, phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria, viruses and/or viroids.
  • Plants and plant cultivars which may be treated by the above disclosed methods include those plants which are resistant to one or more abiotic stresses.
  • Abiotic stress conditions may include, for example, drought, cold temperature exposure, heat exposure, osmotic stress, flooding, increased soil salinity, increased mineral exposure, ozone exposure, high light exposure, limited availability of nitrogen nutrients, limited availability of phosphorus nutrients, shade avoidance.
  • Plants and plant cultivars which may be treated by the above disclosed methods include those plants characterized by enhanced yield characteristics. Increased yield in said plants may be the result of, for example, improved plant physiology, growth and development, such as water use efficiency, water retention efficiency, improved nitrogen use, enhanced carbon assimilation, improved photosynthesis, increased germination efficiency and accelerated maturation. Yield may furthermore be affected by improved plant architecture (under stress and non-stress conditions), including but not limited to, early flowering, flowering control for hybrid seed production, seedling vigor, plant size, internode number and distance, root growth, seed size, fruit size, pod size, pod or ear number, seed number per pod or ear, seed mass, enhanced seed filling, reduced seed dispersal, reduced pod dehiscence and lodging resistance. Further yield traits include seed composition, such as carbohydrate content and composition for example cotton or starch, protein content, oil content and composition, nutritional value, reduction in anti-nutritional compounds, improved processability and better storage stability.
  • Plants and plant cultivars which may be treated by the above disclosed methods include plants and plant cultivars which are hybrid plants that already express the characteristic of heterosis or hybrid vigor which results in generally higher yield, vigor, health and resistance towards biotic and abiotic stresses.
  • the compound according to the invention can be advantageously used to treat transgenic plants, plant cultivars or plant parts that received genetic material which imparts advantageous and/or useful properties (traits) to these plants, plant cultivars or plant parts. Therefore, it is contemplated that the present invention may be combined with one or more recombinant traits or transgenic event(s) or a combination thereof.
  • a transgenic event is created by the insertion of a specific recombinant DNA molecule into a specific position (locus) within the chromosome of the plant genome.
  • the insertion creates a novel DNA sequence referred to as an “event” and is characterized by the inserted recombinant DNA molecule and some amount of genomic DNA immediately adjacent to/flanking both ends of the inserted DNA.
  • trait(s) or transgenic event(s) include, but are not limited to, pest resistance, water use efficiency, yield performance, drought tolerance, seed quality, improved nutritional quality, hybrid seed production, and herbicide tolerance, in which the trait is measured with respect to a plant lacking such trait or transgenic event.
  • Such advantageous and/or useful properties are better plant growth, vigor, stress tolerance, standability, lodging resistance, nutrient uptake, plant nutrition, and/or yield, in particular improved growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or to levels of water or soil salinity, enhanced flowering performance, easier harvesting, accelerated ripening, higher yields, higher quality and/or a higher nutritional value of the harvested products, better storage life and/or processability of the harvested products, and increased resistance against animal and microbial pests, such as against insects, arachnids, nematodes, mites, slugs and snails.
  • Bt Cry or VIP proteins which include the CrylA, CrylAb, CrylAc, CryllA, CrylllA, CrylllB2, Cry9c Cry2Ab, Cry3Bb and CrylF proteins or toxic fragments thereof and also hybrids or combinations thereof, especially the CrylF protein or hybrids derived from a CrylF protein (e.g. hybrid CrylA-CrylF proteins or toxic fragments thereof), the CrylA-type proteins or toxic fragments thereof, preferably the CrylAc protein or hybrids derived from the CrylAc protein (e.g.
  • hybrid CrylAb-CrylAc proteins or the CrylAb or Bt2 protein or toxic fragments thereof, the Cry2Ae, Cry2Af or Cry2Ag proteins or toxic fragments thereof, the CrylA.105 protein or a toxic fragment thereof, the VIP3Aa19 protein, the VIP3Aa20 protein, the VIP3A proteins produced in the COT202 or COT203 cotton events, the VIP3Aa protein or a toxic fragment thereof as described in Estruch et al. (1996), Proc Natl Acad Sci US A.
  • Another and particularly emphasized example of such properties is conferred tolerance to one or more herbicides, for example imidazolinones, sulfonylureas, glyphosate or phosphinothricin.
  • herbicides for example imidazolinones, sulfonylureas, glyphosate or phosphinothricin.
  • DNA sequences encoding proteins which confer properties of tolerance to certain herbicides on the transformed plant cells and plants mention will be particularly be made to the bar or PAT gene or the Streptomyces coelicolor gene described in W02009/152359 which confers tolerance to glufosinate herbicides, a gene encoding a suitable EPSPS (5-Enolpyruvylshikimat-3-phosphat-synthase) which confers tolerance to herbicides having EPSPS as a target, especially herbicides such as glyphosate and its salts, a gene encoding glyphosate
  • herbicide tolerance traits include at least one ALS (acetolactate synthase) inhibitor (e.g. W02007/024782), a mutated Arabidopsis ALS/AHAS gene (e.g. U.S. Patent 6,855,533), genes encoding 2,4-D-monooxygenases conferring tolerance to 2,4-D (2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and genes encoding Dicamba monooxygenases conferring tolerance to dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2- methoxybenzoic acid).
  • ALS acetolactate synthase
  • W02007/024782 e.g. W02007/024782
  • a mutated Arabidopsis ALS/AHAS gene e.g. U.S. Patent 6,855,533
  • Yet another example of such properties is resistance to one or more phytopathogenic fungi, for example Asian Soybean Rust.
  • DNA sequences encoding proteins which confer properties of resistance to such diseases mention will particularly be made of the genetic material from glycine tomentella, for example from any one of publically available accession lines PI441001 , PI483224, PI583970, PI446958, PI499939, PI505220, PI499933, PI441008, PI505256 or PI446961 as described in W02019/103918.
  • SAR systemic acquired resistance
  • phytoalexins phytoalexins
  • elicitors resistance genes and correspondingly expressed proteins and toxins.
  • Particularly useful transgenic events in transgenic plants or plant cultivars which can be treated with preference in accordance with the invention include Event 531/ PV-GHBK04 (cotton, insect control, described in W02002/040677), Event 1 143-14A (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in W02006/128569); Event 1 143-51 B (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in W02006/128570); Event 1445 (cotton, herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in US-A 2002- 120964 or W02002/034946); Event 17053 (rice, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-9843, described in WO2010/1 17737); Event 17314 (rice, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-9844, described in WO2010/1 17735); Event 281 -24-236 (cotton, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-6233, described in W02005/103266 or US-A 2005-216969); Event 3006-210-23 (cotton, insect control
  • Event BLRI (oilseed rape, restoration of male sterility, deposited as NCIMB 41 193, described in W02005/074671), Event CE43-67B (cotton, insect control, deposited as DSM ACC2724, described in US-A 2009-217423 or W02006/128573); Event CE44-69D (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in US-A 2010- 0024077); Event CE44- 69D (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in W02006/128571); Event CE46-02A (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in W02006/128572); Event COT102 (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in US-A 2006-130175 or W02004/039986); Event COT202 (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in US-A 2007-067868 or W02005/054479); Event COT203 (cotton, insect control, not deposited,
  • transgenic event(s) is provided by the United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) and can be found on their website on the world wide web at aphis.usda.gov. For this application, the status of such list as it is/was on the filing date of this application, is relevant.
  • the genes/events which impart the desired traits in question may also be present in combinations with one another in the transgenic plants.
  • transgenic plants which may be mentioned are the important crop plants, such as cereals (wheat, rice, triticale, barley, rye, oats), maize, soya beans, potatoes, sugar beet, sugar cane, tomatoes, peas and other types of vegetable, cotton, tobacco, oilseed rape and also fruit plants (with the fruits apples, pears, citrus fruits and grapes), with particular emphasis being given to maize, soya beans, wheat, rice, potatoes, cotton, sugar cane, tobacco and oilseed rape.
  • Traits which are particularly emphasized are the increased resistance of the plants to insects, arachnids, nematodes and slugs and snails, as well as the increased resistance of the plants to one or more herbicides.
  • Non-limiting examples of pathogens of fungal diseases which may be treated in accordance with the invention include: diseases caused by powdery mildew pathogens, for example Blumeria species, for example Blumeria graminis; Podosphaera species, for example Podosphaera leucotricha; Sphaerotheca species, for example Sphaerotheca fuliginea; Uncinula species, for example Uncinula necator, diseases caused by rust disease pathogens, for example Gymnosporangium species, for example Gymnosporangium sabinae; Hemileia species, for example Hemileia vastatrix; Phakopsora species, for example Phakopsora pachyrhizi or Phakopsora meibomiae; Puccinia species, for example Puccinia recondita, Puccinia graminis Oder Puccinia striiformis; Uromyces species, for example Uromyces appendiculat
  • brassicae Phytophthora species, for example Phytophthora infestans; Plasmopara species, for example Plasmopara viticola; Pseudoperonospora species, for example Pseudoperonospora humuli or Pseudoperonospora cubensis; Pythium species, for example Pythium ultimum; leaf blotch diseases and leaf wilt diseases caused, for example, by Alternaria species, for example Altemaria solani; Cercospora species, for example Cercospora beticola; Cladiosporium species, for example Cladiosporium cucumerinunr, Cochliobolus species, for example Cochliobolus sativus (conidial form: Drechslera, syn: Helminthosporium) or Cochliobolus miyabeanus; Colletotrichum species, for example Colletotrichum lindemuthanium
  • Pseudomonas species for example Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans
  • Erwinia species for example Erwinia amylovora
  • Liberibacter species for example Liberibacter asiaticus
  • Xyella species for example Xylella fastidiosa
  • Ralstonia species for example Ralstonia solanacearum
  • Dickeya species for example Dickeya solani
  • Clavibacter species for example Clavibacter michiganensis
  • Streptomyces species for example Streptomyces scabies. diseases of soya beans:
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may reduce the mycotoxin content in the harvested material and the foods and feeds prepared therefrom.
  • Mycotoxins include particularly, but not exclusively, the following: deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol, 15-Ac-DON, 3-Ac-DON, T2- and HT2-toxin, fumonisins, zearalenon, moniliformin, fusarin, diaceotoxyscirpenol (DAS), beauvericin, enniatin, fusaroproliferin, fusarenol, ochratoxins, patulin, ergot alkaloids and aflatoxins which can be produced, for example, by the following fungi: Fusarium spec., such as F.
  • verticillioides and also by Aspergillus spec., such as A. flavus, A. parasiticus, A. nomius, A. ochraceus, A. clavatus, A. terreus, A. versicolor, Penicillium spec., such as P. verrucosum, P. viridicatum, P. citrinum, P. expansum, P. claviforme, P. roqueforti, Claviceps spec., such as C. purpurea, C. fusiformis, C. paspali, C. africana, Stachybotrys spec, and others.
  • Aspergillus spec. such as A. flavus, A. parasiticus, A. nomius, A. ochraceus, A. clavatus, A. terreus, A. versicolor, Penicillium spec., such as P. verrucosum, P. viridicatum, P. citr
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may also be used in the protection of materials, especially for the protection of industrial materials against attack and destruction by phytopathogenic fungi.
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may be used as antifouling compositions, alone or in combinations with other active ingredients.
  • Industrial materials in the present context are understood to mean inanimate materials which have been prepared for use in industry.
  • industrial materials which are to be protected from microbial alteration or destruction may be adhesives, glues, paper, wallpaper and board/cardboard, textiles, carpets, leather, wood, fibers and tissues, paints and plastic articles, cooling lubricants and other materials which can be infected with or destroyed by microorganisms.
  • Parts of production plants and buildings, for example cooling-water circuits, cooling and heating systems and ventilation and air-conditioning units, which may be impaired by the proliferation of microorganisms may also be mentioned within the scope of the materials to be protected.
  • Industrial materials within the scope of the present invention preferably include adhesives, sizes, paper and card, leather, wood, paints, cooling lubricants and heat transfer fluids, more preferably wood.
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may prevent adverse effects, such as rotting, decay, discoloration, decoloration or formation of mould.
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may also be used against fungal diseases liable to grow on or inside timber.
  • Timber means all types of species of wood, and all types of working of this wood intended for construction, for example solid wood, high-density wood, laminated wood, and plywood.
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may be used to protect objects which come into contact with saltwater or brackish water, especially hulls, screens, nets, buildings, moorings and signalling systems, from fouling.
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may also be employed for protecting storage goods.
  • Storage goods are understood to mean natural substances of vegetable or animal origin or processed products thereof which are of natural origin, and for which long-term protection is desired.
  • Storage goods of vegetable origin for example plants or plant parts, such as stems, leaves, tubers, seeds, fruits, grains, may be protected freshly harvested or after processing by (pre)drying, moistening, comminuting, grinding, pressing or roasting.
  • Storage goods also include timber, both unprocessed, such as construction timber, electricity poles and barriers, or in the form of finished products, such as furniture.
  • Storage goods of animal origin are, for example, hides, leather, furs and hairs.
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may prevent adverse effects, such as rotting, decay, discoloration, decoloration or formation of mould.
  • Microorganisms capable of degrading or altering industrial materials include, for example, bacteria, fungi, yeasts, algae and slime organisms.
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (l) preferably act against fungi, especially moulds, wood-discoloring and wooddestroying fungi Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Deuteromycetes and Zygomycetes), and against slime organisms and algae.
  • microorganisms of the following genera Alternaria, such as Altemaria tenuis; Aspergillus, such as Aspergillus niger, Chaetomium, such as Chaetomium globosum; Coniophora, such as Coniophora puetana; Lentinus, such as Lentinus tigrinus; Penicillium, such as Penicillium glaucum; Polyporus, such as Polyporus versicolor, Aureobasidium, such as Aureobasidium pullulans; Sclerophoma, such as Sclerophoma pityophila Trichoderma, such as Trichoderma viride; Ophiostoma spp., Ceratocystis spp., Humicola spp., Petriella spp., Trichurus spp., Coriolus spp., Gloeophyllum spp., Pleurotus spp., Poria spp
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may also be used to protect seeds from unwanted microorganisms, such as phytopathogenic microorganisms, for instance phytopathogenic fungi or phytopathogenic oomycetes.
  • seed(s) as used herein include dormant seeds, primed seeds, pregerminated seeds and seeds with emerged roots and leaves.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for protecting seeds from unwanted microorganisms which comprises the step of treating the seeds with the compound of formula (I) or the composition.
  • the treatment of seeds with the compound of formula (I) or the composition protects the seeds from phytopathogenic microorganisms, but also protects the germinating seeds, the emerging seedlings and the plants after emergence from the treated seeds. Therefore, the present invention also relates to a method for protecting seeds, germinating seeds and emerging seedlings.
  • the seeds treatment may be performed prior to sowing, at the time of sowing or shortly thereafter.
  • the seeds treatment may be performed as follows: the seeds may be placed into a mixer with a desired amount of the compound of formula (I) or the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I), the seeds and the compound of formula (I) or the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) are mixed until an homogeneous distribution on seeds is achieved. If appropriate, the seeds may then be dried.
  • the invention also relates to seeds coated with the compound of formula (I) or the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I).
  • the seeds are treated in a state in which it is sufficiently stable for no damage to occur in the course of treatment.
  • seeds can be treated at any time between harvest and shortly after sowing. It is customary to use seeds which have been separated from the plant and freed from cobs, shells, stalks, coats, hairs or the flesh of the fruits. For example, it is possible to use seeds which have been harvested, cleaned and dried down to a moisture content of less than 15% by weight. Alternatively, it is also possible to use seeds which, after drying, for example, have been treated with water and then dried again, or seeds just after priming, or seeds stored in primed conditions or pre-germinated seeds, or seeds sown on nursery trays, tapes or paper.
  • the amount of the compound of formula (I) or the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) applied to the seeds is typically such that the germination of the seed is not impaired, or that the resulting plant is not damaged. This must be ensured particularly in case the the compound of formula (I) would exhibit phytotoxic effects at certain application rates.
  • the intrinsic phenotypes of transgenic plants should also be taken into consideration when determining the amount of the compound of formula (I) to be applied to the seed in orderto achieve optimum seed and germinating plant protection with a minimum amount of compound being employed.
  • the compound of formula (I) can be applied as such, directly to the seeds, i.e. without the use of any other components and without having been diluted. Also the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) can be applied to the seeds.
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (l) are suitable for protecting seeds of any plant variety.
  • Preferred seeds are that of cereals (such as wheat, barley, rye, millet, triticale, and oats), oilseed rape, maize, cotton, soybean, rice, potatoes, sunflower, beans, coffee, peas, beet (e.g. sugar beet and fodder beet), peanut, vegetables (such as tomato, cucumber, onions and lettuce), lawns and ornamental plants. More preferred are seeds of wheat, soybean, oilseed rape, maize and rice.
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may be used for treating transgenic seeds, in particular seeds of plants capable of expressing a polypeptide or protein which acts against pests, herbicidal damage or abiotic stress, thereby increasing the protective effect.
  • Seeds of plants capable of expressing a polypeptide or protein which acts against pests, herbicidal damage or abiotic stress may contain at least one heterologous gene which allows the expression of said polypeptide or protein.
  • These heterologous genes in transgenic seeds may originate, for example, from microorganisms of the species Bacillus, Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Trichoderma, Clavibacter, Glomus or Gliocladium.
  • These heterologous genes preferably originate from Bacillus sp., in which case the gene product is effective against the European corn borer and/or the Western corn rootworm.
  • the heterologous genes originate from Bacillus thuringiensis.
  • the compound of formula (I) can be applied as such, or for example in the form of as ready-to-use solutions, emulsions, water- or oil-based suspensions, powders, wettable powders, pastes, soluble powders, dusts, soluble granules, granules for broadcasting, suspoemulsion concentrates, natural products impregnated with the compound of formula (I), synthetic substances impregnated with the compound of formula (I), fertilizers or microencapsulations in polymeric substances.
  • Application is accomplished in a customary manner, for example by watering, spraying, atomizing, broadcasting, dusting, foaming or spreading-on. It is also possible to deploy the compound of formula (I) by the ultra-low volume method, via a drip irrigation system or drench application, to apply it in-furrow or to inject it into the soil stem or trunk. It is further possible to apply the compound of formula (I) by means of a wound seal, paint or other wound dressing.
  • the effective and plant-compatible amount of the compound of formula (I) which is applied to the plants, plant parts, fruits, seeds or soil will depend on various factors, such as the compound/composition employed, the subject of the treatment (plant, plant part, fruit, seed or soil), the type of treatment (dusting, spraying, seed dressing), the purpose of the treatment (curative and protective), the type of microorganisms, the development stage of the microorganisms, the sensitivity of the microorganisms, the crop growth stage and the environmental conditions.
  • the application rates can vary within a relatively wide range, depending on the kind of application.
  • the application rate may range from 0.1 to 10 000 g/ha, preferably from 10 to 1000 g/ha, more preferably from 50 to 300 g/ha (in the case of application by watering or dripping, it is even possible to reduce the application rate, especially when inert substrates such as rockwool or perlite are used).
  • the application rate may range from 0.1 to 200 g per 100 kg of seeds, preferably from 1 to 150 g per 100 kg of seeds, more preferably from 2.5 to 25 g per 100 kg of seeds, even more preferably from 2.5 to 12.5 g per 100 kg of seeds.
  • the application rate may range from 0.1 to 10 000 g/ha, preferably from 1 to 5000 g/ha.
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) can be used in combination with models e.g. embedded in computer programs for site specific crop management, satellite farming, precision farming or precision agriculture.
  • models support the site specific management of agricultural sites with data from various sources such as soils, weather, crops (e.g. type, growth stage, plant health), weeds (e.g. type, growth stage), diseases, pests, nutrients, water, moisture, biomass, satellite data, yield etc. with the purpose to optimize profitability, sustainability and protection of the environment.
  • models can help to optimize agronomical decisions, control the precision of pesticide applications and record the work performed.
  • the compound of formula (I) can be applied to a crop plant according to appropriate dose regime if a model models the development of a fungal disease and calculates that a threshold has been reached for which it is recommendable to apply the compound of formula (I) to the crop plant.
  • the compound of formula (I) can also be used in combination with smart spraying equipment such as e.g. spot spraying or precision spraying equipment attached to or housed within a farm vehicle such as a tractor, robot, helicopter, airplane, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) such as a drone, etc.
  • smart spraying equipment such as e.g. spot spraying or precision spraying equipment attached to or housed within a farm vehicle such as a tractor, robot, helicopter, airplane, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) such as a drone, etc.
  • Such an equipment usually includes input sensors (such as e.g. a camera) and a processing unit configured to analyze the input data and configured to provide a decision based on the analysis of the input data to apply the compound of formula (I) to the crop plants (respectively the weeds) in a specific and precise manner.
  • the use of such smart spraying equipment usually also requires positions systems (e.g. GPS receivers) to localize recorded data and to guide or to control farm vehicles; geographic information systems (GIS) to
  • fungal diseases can be detected from imagery acquired by a camera.
  • fungal diseases can be identified and/or classified based on that imagery.
  • identification and/ classification can make use of image processing algorithms.
  • image processing algorithms can utilize machine learning algorithms, such as trained neutral networks, decision trees and utilize artificial intelligence algorithms. In this manner, the compounds described herein can be applied only where needed.
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may, at particular concentrations or application rates, also be used as herbicides, safeners, growth regulators or agents to improve plant properties, or as microbicides, for example as bactericides, viricides (including compositions against viroids) or as compositions against MLO (Mycoplasma-like organisms) and RLO (Rickettsia-like organisms).
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may intervene in physiological processes of plants and may therefore also be used as plant growth regulators.
  • Plant growth regulators may exert various effects on plants. The effect of the substances depends essentially on the time of application in relation to the developmental stage of the plant, and also on the amounts of active ingredient applied to the plants or their environment and on the type of application. In each case, growth regulators should have a particular desired effect on the crop plants.
  • Growth regulating effects comprise earlier germination, better emergence, more developed root system and/or improved root growth, increased ability of tillering, more productive tillers, earlier flowering, increased plant height and/or biomass, shorting of stems, improvements in shoot growth, number of kernels/ear, number of ears/m 2 , number of stolons and/or number of flowers, enhanced harvest index, bigger leaves, less dead basal leaves, improved phyllotaxy, earlier maturation I earlier fruit finish, homogenous riping, increased duration of grain filling, better fruit finish, bigger fruit/vegetable size, sprouting resistance and reduced lodging.
  • Increased or improved yield is referring to total biomass per hectare, yield per hectare, kernel/fruit weight, seed size and/or hectolitre weight as well as to improved product quality, comprising: improved processability relating to size distribution (kernel, fruit), homogenous riping, grain moisture, better milling, better vinification, better brewing, increased juice yield, harvestability, digestibility, sedimentation value, falling number, pod stability, storage stability, improved fiber length/strength/uniformity, increase of milk and/or meet quality of silage fed animals, adaptation to cooking and frying; improved marketability relating to improved fruit/grain quality, size distribution (kernel, fruit), increased storage I shelf-life, firmness I softness, taste (aroma, texture), grade (size, shape, number of berries), number of berries/fruits per bunch, crispness, freshness, coverage with wax, frequency of physiological disorders, colour; increased desired ingredients such as e.g.
  • protein content fatty acids, oil content, oil quality, aminoacid composition, sugar content, acid content (pH), sugar/acid ratio (Brix), polyphenols, starch content, nutritional quality, gluten content/index, energy content, taste; decreased undesired ingredients such as e.g. less mycotoxines, less aflatoxins, geosmin level, phenolic aromas, lacchase, polyphenol oxidases and peroxidases, nitrate content.
  • Plant growth-regulating compounds can be used, for example, to slow down the vegetative growth of the plants.
  • Such growth depression is of economic interest, for example, in the case of grasses, since it is thus possible to reduce the frequency of grass cutting in ornamental gardens, parks and sport facilities, on roadsides, at airports or in fruit crops.
  • Also of significance is the inhibition of the growth of herbaceous and woody plants on roadsides and in the vicinity of pipelines or overhead cables, or quite generally in areas where vigorous plant growth is unwanted.
  • growth regulators for inhibition of the longitudinal growth of cereal. This reduces or completely eliminates the risk of lodging of the plants prior to harvest.
  • growth regulators in the case of cereals can strengthen the culm, which also counteracts lodging.
  • the employment of growth regulators for shortening and strengthening culms allows the deployment of higher fertilizer volumes to increase the yield, without any risk of lodging of the cereal crop.
  • vegetative growth depression allows denser planting, and it is thus possible to achieve higher yields based on the soil surface.
  • Another advantage of the smaller plants obtained in this way is that the crop is easier to cultivate and harvest.
  • Reduction of the vegetative plant growth may also lead to increased or improved yields because the nutrients and assimilates are of more benefit to flower and fruit formation than to the vegetative parts of the plants.
  • growth regulators can also be used to promote vegetative growth. This is of great benefit when harvesting the vegetative plant parts. However, promoting vegetative growth may also promote generative growth in that more assimilates are formed, resulting in more or larger fruits.
  • beneficial effects on growth or yield can be achieved through improved nutrient use efficiency, especially nitrogen (N)-use efficiency, phosphorous (P)-use efficiency, water use efficiency, improved transpiration, respiration and/or CO2 assimilation rate, better nodulation, improved Ca- metabolism.
  • nitrogen (N)-use efficiency especially nitrogen (N)-use efficiency, phosphorous (P)-use efficiency, water use efficiency, improved transpiration, respiration and/or CO2 assimilation rate, better nodulation, improved Ca- metabolism.
  • growth regulators can be used to alter the composition of the plants, which in turn may result in an improvement in quality of the harvested products. Under the influence of growth regulators, parthenocarpic fruits may be formed. In addition, it is possible to influence the sex of the flowers. It is also possible to produce sterile pollen, which is of great importance in the breeding and production of hybrid seed.
  • growth regulators can control the branching of the plants.
  • by breaking apical dominance it is possible to promote the development of side shoots, which may be highly desirable particularly in the cultivation of ornamental plants, also in combination with an inhibition of growth.
  • side shoots which may be highly desirable particularly in the cultivation of ornamental plants, also in combination with an inhibition of growth.
  • the amount of leaves on the plants can be controlled such that defoliation of the plants is achieved at a desired time.
  • defoliation plays a major role in the mechanical harvesting of cotton, but is also of interest for facilitating harvesting in other crops, for example in viticulture.
  • Defoliation of the plants can also be undertaken to lower the transpiration of the plants before they are transplanted.
  • growth regulators can modulate plant senescence, which may result in prolonged green leaf area duration, a longer grain filling phase, improved yield quality.
  • Growth regulators can likewise be used to regulate fruit dehiscence. On the one hand, it is possible to prevent premature fruit dehiscence. On the other hand, it is also possible to promote fruit dehiscence or even flower abortion to achieve a desired mass (“thinning”). In addition it is possible to use growth regulators at the time of harvest to reduce the forces required to detach the fruits, in order to allow mechanical harvesting or to facilitate manual harvesting.
  • Growth regulators can also be used to achieve faster or else delayed ripening of the harvested material before or after harvest. This is particularly advantageous as it allows optimal adjustment to the requirements of the market. Moreover, growth regulators in some cases can improve the fruit colour. In addition, growth regulators can also be used to synchronize maturation within a certain period of time. This establishes the prerequisites for complete mechanical or manual harvesting in a single operation, for example in the case of tobacco, tomatoes or coffee.
  • growth regulators By using growth regulators, it is additionally possible to influence the resting of seed or buds of the plants, such that plants such as pineapple or ornamental plants in nurseries, for example, germinate, sprout or flower at a time when they are normally not inclined to do so. In areas where there is a risk of frost, it may be desirable to delay budding or germination of seeds with the aid of growth regulators, in orderto avoid damage resulting from late frosts.
  • growth regulators can induce resistance of the plants to frost, drought or high salinity of the soil. This allows the cultivation of plants in regions which are normally unsuitable for this purpose.
  • the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may also exhibit a potent strengthening effect in plants. Accordingly, they may be used for mobilizing the defences of the plant against attack by undesirable microorganisms.
  • Plant-strengthening (resistance-inducing) substances in the present context are substances capable of stimulating the defence system of plants in such a way that the treated plants, when subsequently inoculated with undesirable microorganisms, develop a high degree of resistance to these microorganisms.
  • plant physiology effects comprise the following:
  • Abiotic stress tolerance comprising tolerance to high or low temperatures, drought tolerance and recovery after drought stress, water use efficiency (correlating to reduced water consumption), flood tolerance, ozone stress and UV tolerance, tolerance towards chemicals like heavy metals, salts, pesticides.
  • Biotic stress tolerance comprising increased fungal resistance and increased resistance against nematodes, viruses and bacteria.
  • biotic stress tolerance preferably comprises increased fungal resistance and increased resistance against nematodes and bacteria
  • Increased plant vigor comprising plant health / plant quality and seed vigor, reduced stand failure, improved appearance, increased recovery after periods of stress, improved pigmentation (e.g. chlorophyll content, stay-green effects) and improved photosynthetic efficiency.
  • LogP value is determined by measurement of LC-UV, in an acidic range, with 0.1 % formic acid in water and acetonitrile as eluent (linear gradient from 10% acetonitrile to 95% acetonitrile).
  • [bl LogP value is determined by measurement of LC-UV, in a neutral range, with 0.001 molar ammonium acetate solution in water and acetonitrile as eluent (linear gradient from 10% acetonitrile to 95% acetonitrile).
  • [cl LogP value is determined by measurement of LC-UV, in an acidic range, with 0.1 % phosphoric acid and acetonitrile as eluent (linear gradient from 10% acetonitrile to 95% acetonitrile).
  • 1 H-NMR data of selected examples as provided herein are written in form of 1 H-NMR-peak lists. To each signal peak are listed the 8-value in ppm and the signal intensity in round brackets. Between the 8-value - signal intensity pairs are semicolons as delimiters.
  • the peak list of an example has therefore the form: ⁇ 1 (intensityi); ⁇ 2 (intensity2); ; ⁇ i (intensity); ; ⁇ n (intensity n )
  • Intensity of sharp signals correlates with the height of the signals in a printed example of a NMR spectrum in cm and shows the real relations of signal intensities. From broad signals several peaks or the middle of the signal and their relative intensity in comparison to the most intensive signal in the spectrum can be shown.
  • tetramethylsilane For calibrating chemical shift for 1 H spectra, we use tetramethylsilane and/or the chemical shift of the solvent used, especially in the case of spectra measured in DMSO. Therefore, in NMR peak lists, tetramethylsilane peak can occur but not necessarily.
  • the 1 H-NMR peak lists are similar to classical 1 H-NMR prints and contains therefore usually all peaks, which are listed at classical NMR-interpretation.
  • the peaks of stereoisomers of the target compounds and/or peaks of impurities have usually on average a lower intensity than the peaks of target compounds (for example with a purity >90%).
  • Such stereoisomers and/or impurities can be typical for the specific preparation process. Therefore, their peaks can help to recognize the reproduction of our preparation process via “side-products-fingerprints”.
  • An expert who calculates the peaks of the target compounds with known methods (MestreC, ACD- simulation, but also with empirically evaluated expectation values) can isolate the peaks of the target compounds as needed optionally using additional intensity filters. This isolation would be similar to relevant peak picking at classical 1 H-NMR interpretation.
  • Tables 1 , 2, 3 and 4 illustrate in a non-limiting manner examples of compounds of formula (I) according to the invention:
  • ote Me : methyl ; Et : ethyl ; iPr: isopropyl ; iBu: isobutyl ; cPr: cyclopropyl ; cPent: cyclopentyl ; cHex: cyclohexylable 2:
  • Table 5 provides the NMR data ( 1 H) of a selected number of compounds from tables 1,2,3 and 4.
  • Step 1 preparation of N-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)propan-2-yl]-2-methylpropan-1 -amine (example of an amine of formula (III))
  • Step 2 preparation of 3-(7,8-difluoro-2-methylquinolin-3-yl)-1-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)propan-2-yl]-1- isobutylurea (compound 1.152)
  • Step 1 preparation of 8-fluoro-3-isothiocyanatoquinoline (example of an isothiocyanate of formula (II)) To 500 mg (2.9 mmol) of 8-fluoroquinolin-3-amine in solution in 15 mL of pyridine, were added 505 mg (2.9 mmol) of phenoxythiocarbonyl chloride. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The crude mixture was concentrated and the obtained residue was suspended in 100 mL of ethyl acetate and 100 mL of water. The organic phase was dried over magnesium sulfate and then concentrated under vacuum to give 1 g of a dark orange solid.
  • Step 1 preparation of 1-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]-3-(8-fluoroquinolin-3-yl)urea 50.3 mg (0.35 mmol) of 2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethanamine were condensed over 100 mg (0.32 mmol) of 4- fluorophenyl (8-fluoroquinolin-3-yl)carbamate according to the conditions described in example 2, to yield after purification by column chromatography on silica gel, 96 mg (90%) of 1-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)- ethyl]-3-(8-fluoroquinolin-3-yl)urea as a light yellow oil.
  • LogP 2.53.
  • Preparation example 6 preparation of 5,5-dimethyl-1-(quinolin-3-yl)-3- ⁇ 2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]- ethyl ⁇ tetrahydropyrimidin-2(1 H)-one (compound 1.195) To a solution of 80 mg (0.31 mmol) of 5,5-dimethyl-1-(quinolin-3-yl)tetrahydropyrimidin-2(1 H)-one in 10 mL of dimethylformamide [DMF], were added 15 mg of sodium hydride (60% in oil - 0.37 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at ambient temperature.
  • DMF dimethylformamide
  • Example A Alternaria alternata in vitro cell test
  • Inoculum spore suspension
  • the tested compounds were solubilized in DMSO and the solution used to prepare the required range of concentrations.
  • the final concentration of DMSO used in the assay was ⁇ 1 %.
  • a spore suspension of Altemaria alternata was prepared and diluted to the desired spore density.
  • the tested compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit spore germination and mycelium growth in liquid culture assay.
  • the compounds were added in the desired concentration to the culture medium with spores. After 5 days incubation, fu ng i-t oxicity of compounds was determined by spectrometric measurement of mycelium growth. Inhibition of fungal growth was determined by comparing the absorbance values in wells containing the tested compound with the absorbance in control wells without tested compound.
  • Example B Pyricularia oryzae in vitro cell test
  • Inoculum spore suspension
  • the tested compounds were solubilized in DMSO and the solution used to prepare the required range of concentrations.
  • the final concentration of DMSO used in the assay was ⁇ 1 %.
  • a spore suspension of Pyricularia oryzae was prepared and diluted to the desired spore density.
  • the tested compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit spore germination and mycelium growth in liquid culture assay.
  • the compounds were added in the desired concentration to the culture medium with spores. After 5 days incubation, fu ng i-t oxicity of compounds was determined by spectrometric measurement of mycelium growth. Inhibition of fungal growth was determined by comparing the absorbance values in wells containing the tested compound with the absorbance in control wells without tested compound.
  • Example C Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in vitro cell test
  • Inoculum spore suspension
  • the tested compounds were solubilized in DMSO and the solution used to prepare the required range of concentrations.
  • the final concentration of DMSO used in the assay was ⁇ 1 %.
  • a spore suspension of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum was prepared and diluted to the desired spore density.
  • the tested compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit spore germination and mycelium growth in liquid culture assay.
  • the compounds were added in the desired concentration to the culture medium with spores.
  • fu ng i-t oxicity of compounds was determined by spectrometric measurement of mycelium growth.
  • Inhibition of fungal growth was determined by comparing the absorbance values in wells containing the tested compound with the absorbance in control wells without tested compound.
  • Example D Pyrenophora teres in vitro cell test
  • Inoculum spore suspension
  • the tested compounds were solubilized in DMSO and the solution used to prepare the required range of concentrations.
  • the final concentration of DMSO used in the assay was ⁇ 1 %.
  • a spore suspension of Pyrenophora teres was prepared and diluted to the desired spore density.
  • the tested compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit spore germination and mycelium growth in liquid culture assay.
  • the compounds were added in the desired concentration to the culture medium with spores. After 6 days incubation, fu ng i-t oxicity of compounds was determined by spectrometric measurement of mycelium growth. Inhibition of fungal growth was determined by comparing the absorbance values in wells containing the tested compound with the absorbance in control wells without tested compound.
  • Example E Fusarium culmorum in vitro cell test
  • Inoculum spore suspension
  • the tested compounds were solubilized in DMSO and the solution used to prepare the required range of concentrations.
  • the final concentration of DMSO used in the assay was ⁇ 1 %.
  • a spore suspension of Fusarium culmorum was prepared and diluted to the desired spore density.
  • the tested compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit spore germination and mycelium growth in liquid culture assay.
  • the compounds were added in the desired concentration to the culture medium with spores. After 4 days incubation, fu ng i-t oxicity of compounds was determined by spectrometric measurement of mycelium growth. Inhibition of fungal growth was determined by comparing the absorbance values in wells containing the tested compound with the absorbance in control wells without tested compound.
  • Example F Botrytis cinerea in vitro cell test
  • Inoculum spore suspension
  • the tested compounds were solubilized in DMSO and the solution used to prepare the required range of concentrations.
  • the final concentration of DMSO used in the assay was ⁇ 1 %.
  • a spore suspension of Botrytis cinerea was prepared and diluted to the desired spore density.
  • the tested compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit spore germination and mycelium growth in liquid culture assay.
  • the compounds were added in the desired concentration to the culture medium with spores. After 5 days incubation, fu ng i-t oxicity of compounds was determined by spectrometric measurement of mycelium growth. Inhibition of fungal growth was determined by comparing the absorbance values in wells containing the tested compound with the absorbance in control wells without tested compound.
  • Example G Botrytis cinerea in vitro cell test
  • Culture medium 1 g KH 2 PO 4 (VWR), 1 g K2HPO4 (VWR), 0.5 g Urea (VWR), 3 g KNO 3 (Prolabo), 10 g saccharose (VWR), 0.5 g MgSO 4 , 7 H 2 O (Sigma), 0.07 g CaCl 2 2 H 2 O (Prolabo), 0.2 mg MnSO 4 , H2O (Sigma), 0.6 mg CuSO4, 5 H 2 O (Sigma), 7.9 mg ZnSO 4 , 7 H 2 O (Sigma), 0.1 mg H 3 BO 3 (Merck), 0.14 mg NaMoO 4 , 2 H 2 O (Sigma), 2 mg thiamine (Sigma), 0.1 mg biotine (VWR), 4 mg FeSO 4 , 7 H 2 O (Sigma), QSP 1 liter
  • Inoculum spore suspension
  • the tested compounds were solubilized in DMSO and the solution used to prepare the required range of concentrations.
  • the final concentration of DMSO used in the assay was ⁇ 1 %.
  • a spore suspension of Botrytis cinerea was prepared and diluted to the desired spore density.
  • the tested compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit spore germination and mycelium growth in liquid culture assay.
  • the compounds were added in the desired concentration to the culture medium with spores. After 6 days incubation, fu ng i-t oxicity of compounds was determined by spectrometric measurement of mycelium growth. Inhibition of fungal growth was determined by comparing the absorbance values in wells containing the tested compound with the absorbance in control wells without tested compound.
  • Example H in vivo preventive test on Botrytis cinerea (grey mould)
  • Emulsifier 1 ⁇ L of Tween® 80 per mg of active ingredient
  • the tested compounds were made soluble and homogenized in a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide/acetone/ /Tween® 80 and then diluted in water to the desired concentration.
  • the young plants of gherkin or cabbage were treated by spraying the tested compounds prepared as described above. Control plants were treated only with an aqueous solution of acetone/dimethyl sulfoxide/Tween® 80.
  • the plants were contaminated by spraying the leaves with an aqueous suspension of Botrytis cinerea spores.
  • the contaminated gherkin plants were incubated for 4 to 5 days at 17 °C and at 90% relative humidity.
  • the contaminated cabbage plants were incubated for 4 to 5 days at 20°C and at 100% relative humidity.
  • the test was evaluated 4 to 5 days after the inoculation. 0% means an efficacy which corresponds to that of the control plants while an efficacy of 100% means that no disease is observed.
  • Example I in vivo preventive test on Venturia inaequalis (apples)
  • Emulsifier 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
  • the plants were inoculated with an aqueous conidia suspension of the causal agent of apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) and then remained for 1 day in an incubation cabinet at approximately 20 °C and a relative atmospheric humidity of 100%.
  • the plants were then placed in a greenhouse at approximately 21 °C and a relative atmospheric humidity of approximately 90%.

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Abstract

The present invention relates to compound of formula (I): wherein the variables are defined as in claim 1, to compositions comprising at least one of said compounds and at least one agriculturally suitable auxiliary, to the use of said compounds as fungicides and as well as to processes for preparing said compounds.

Description

SUBSTITUTED UREAS AND DERIVATIVES AS NEW ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to substituted ureas and derivatives thereof, useful as fungicides in crop protection. It also relates to their use as fungicides and compositions comprising those.
BACKGROUND
JP2005206517 and JP2003212864 disclose urea derivatives suitable for use as fungicides.
WO2020/244968 A1 discloses pyridine derivatives of the general formula
Figure imgf000002_0001
wherein R2 and R3 can form, together with the pyridine ring, a quinoline ring and wherein Y can be a substituted nitrogen.
WO2019/038214 A1 discloses quinoxaline derivatives of the general formula:
Figure imgf000002_0002
and the use of the compounds for the treatment and/or prevention of hyperproliferative or infectious diseases and disorders in mammals, especially humans, and pharmaceutical compositions containing such compound. R2 is defined very broadly. There is no indication that any of the disclosed compounds may have any antifungal efficacy.
The need remains for the development of new fungicidal compounds as such, so as to provide compounds being effective against a broad spectrum of fungi, having lower toxicity, higher selectivity, being used at lower dosage rate to reduce or avoid unfavorable environmental or toxicological effects whilst still allowing effective pest control. It may also be desired to have new compounds to prevent the emergence of fungicides resistances.
The present invention provides new fungicidal compounds which have advantages over known compounds and compositions in at least some of these aspects. SUMMARY
The present invention relates to compounds of the formula (I):
Figure imgf000003_0001
wherein W1, Z, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, T, X1, X2, Q1, Q2 and A are as recited herein, as well as their salts, N- oxides and solvates.
The present invention furthermore relates to compositions comprising at least one compound of formula (I) as defined herein and at least one agriculturally suitable auxiliary.
The present invention also relates to the use of a compound of formula (I) as defined herein or a composition as defined herein for controlling phytopathogenic microorganisms in agriculture.
The present invention also relates to processes and intermediates for preparing compounds of formula (I) as disclosed herein.
DEFINITIONS
The term “halogen” as used herein refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine atom.
The term “oxo” as used herein refers to an oxygen atom which is bound to a carbon atom or sulfur atom via a double bound.
The term “C1-C8-alkyl” as used herein refers to a saturated, branched or straight hydrocarbon chain having 1 , 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 carbon atoms. Examples of C1-C8-alkyl include but are not limited to methyl, ethyl, propyl (n-propyl), 1 -methylethyl (iso-propyl), butyl (n-butyl), 1 -methylpropyl (sec-butyl), 2- methylpropyl (iso-butyl), 1 ,1 -dimethylethyl (tert-butyl), pentyl, 1 -methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3- methylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1 -ethylpropyl, 1 ,1 -dimethylpropyl, 1 ,2-dimethylpropyl, hexyl, 1- methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1 ,1-dimethylbutyl, 1 ,2-dimethylbutyl, 1 ,3- dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 1 -ethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1 ,1 ,2- trimethylpropyl, 1 ,2,2-trimethylpropyl, 1-ethyl-1 -methylpropyl and 1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl. Particularly, said hydrocarbon chain has 1 , 2, 3 or 4 carbon atoms (“C1-C4-alkyl”), e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl or tert-butyl.
The term “C2-C8-alkenyl” as used herein refers to an unsaturated, branched or straight hydrocarbon chain having 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 carbon atoms and comprising at least one double bond. Examples of C2-C8-alkenyl include but are not limited to ethenyl (or "vinyl"), prop-2-en-1-yl (or "allyl"), prop-1 -en-1-yl, but-3-enyl, but-2-enyl, but-1-enyl, pent-4-enyl, pent-3-enyl, pent-2-enyl, pent-1 -enyl, hex-5-enyl, hex-4- enyl, hex-3-enyl, hex-2-enyl, hex-1 -enyl, prop-1 -en-2-yl (or "isopropenyl"), 2-methylprop-2-enyl, 1- methylprop-2-enyl, 2-methylprop-1-enyl, 1 -methylprop-1-enyl, 3-methylbut-3-enyl, 2-methylbut-3-enyl, 1-methylbut-3-enyl, 3-methylbut-2-enyl, 2-methylbut-2-enyl, 1-methylbut-2-enyl, 3-methylbut-1-enyl, 2- methylbut-1-enyl, 1-methylbut-1-enyl, 1 ,1-dimethylprop-2-enyl, 1-ethylprop-1-enyl, 1 -propylvinyl, 1- isopropylvinyl, 4-methylpent-4-enyl, 3-methylpent-4-enyl, 2-methylpent-4-enyl, 1-methylpent-4-enyl, 4- methylpent-3-enyl, 3-methylpent-3-enyl, 2-methylpent-3-enyl, 1-methylpent-3-enyl, 4-methylpent-2- enyl, 3-methylpent-2-enyl, 2-methylpent-2-enyl, 1-methylpent-2-enyl, 4-methylpent-1-enyl, 3- methylpent-1-enyl, 2-methylpent-1-enyl, 1-methylpent-1-enyl, 3-ethylbut-3-enyl, 2-ethylbut-3-enyl, 1- ethylbut-3-enyl, 3-ethylbut-2-enyl, 2-ethylbut-2-enyl, 1-ethylbut-2-enyl, 3-ethylbut-1-enyl, 2-ethylbut-1 - enyl, 1 -ethylbut-1 -enyl, 2-propylprop-2-enyl, 1-propylprop-2-enyl, 2-isopropylprop-2-enyl, 1- isopropylprop-2-enyl, 2-propylprop-1-enyl, 1-propylprop-1-enyl, 2-isopropylprop-1-enyl, 1- isopropylprop-1-enyl, 3,3-dimethylprop-1-enyl, 1-(1 ,1-dimethylethyl)ethenyl, buta-1 ,3-dienyl, penta-1 ,4- dienyl, hexa-1 ,5-dienyl or methylhexadienyl group.
The term “C2-C8-alkynyl” as used herein refers to a branched or straight hydrocarbon chain having 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 carbon atoms and comprising at least one triple bond. Examples of C2-C8-alkynyl include but are not limited to ethynyl, prop-1 -ynyl, prop-2-ynyl (or "propargyl"), but-1-ynyl, but-2-ynyl, but-3-ynyl, pent-1 -ynyl, pent-2-ynyl, pent-3-ynyl, pent-4-ynyl, hex-1 -ynyl, hex-2-ynyl, hex-3-ynyl, hex-4-ynyl, hex-5- ynyl, 1-methylprop-2-ynyl, 2-methylbut-3-ynyl, 1-methylbut-3-ynyl, 1-methylbut-2-ynyl, 3-methylbut-1- ynyl, 1-ethylprop-2-ynyl, 3-methylpent-4-ynyl, 2-methylpent-4-ynyl, 1 -methyl- pent-4-ynyl, 2-methylpent- 3-ynyl, 1-methylpent-3-ynyl, 4-methylpent-2-ynyl, 1 -methyl- pent-2-ynyl, 4-methylpent-1-ynyl, 3- methylpent-1-ynyl, 2-ethylbut-3-ynyl, 1 -ethylbut-3-ynyl, 1 -ethylbut-2-ynyl, 1-propylprop-2-ynyl, 1- isopropylprop-2-ynyl, 2,2-dimethylbut-3-ynyl, 1 ,1-dimethylbut-3-ynyl, 1 ,1-dimethylbut-2-ynyl or 3,3- dimethylbut-1-ynyl group.
The term “C1-C8-halogenoalkyl” as used herein refers to a C1-C8-alkyl group as defined above in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced with one or more halogen atoms that may be the same or different. Typically, C1-C8-halogenoalkyl comprises up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different.
The term “C2-C8-halogenoalkenyl” as used herein refers to a “C2-C8-alkenyl group as defined above in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced with one or more halogen atoms that may be the same or different. Typically, C1-C8-halogenoalkenyl comprises up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different.
The term “C2-C8-halogenoalkynyl” as used herein refers to a C2-C8-alkynyl group as defined above in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced with one or more halogen atoms that may be the same or different. Typically, C1-C8-halogenoalkynyl comprises up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different.
The term “C1-C8-alkoxy” as used herein refers to a group of formula (C1-C8-alkyl)-O-, in which the term "C1-C8-alkyl" is as defined herein. Examples of C1-C8-alkoxy include but are not limited to methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, 1 -methylethoxy, n-butoxy, 1 -methylpropoxy, 2-methylpropoxy, 1 ,1 -dimethylethoxy, n-pentoxy, 1 -methylbutoxy, 2-methylbutoxy, 3-methylbutoxy, 2,2-dimethylpropoxy, 1 -ethylpropoxy, 1 ,1- dimethylpropoxy, 1 ,2-dimethylpropoxy, n-hexyloxy, 1 -methylpentoxy, 2-methylpentoxy, 3- methylpentoxy, 4-methylpentoxy, 1 ,1 -dimethylbutoxy, 1 ,2-dimethylbutoxy, 1 ,3-dimethylbutoxy, 2,2- dimethylbutoxy, 2,3-dimethylbutoxy, 3,3-dimethylbutoxy, 1 -ethylbutoxy, 2-ethylbutoxy, 1 ,1 ,2- trimethylpropoxy, 1 ,2,2-trimethylpropoxy, 1-ethyl-1 -methylpropoxy and 1-ethyl-2-methylpropoxy.
The term “C1-C8-halogenalkoxy” as used herein refers to a C1-C8-alkoxy group as defined above in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced with one or more halogen atoms that may be the same or different. Examples of C1-C8-halogenoalkoxy include but are not limited to ch loro meth oxy, bromomethoxy, dichloromethoxy, trichloromethoxy, fluoromethoxy, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, chlorofluoromethoxy, dichlorofluoromethoxy, chlorodifluoromethoxy, 1 -chloroethoxy, 1 -bromoethoxy, 1- fluoroethoxy, 2-fluoroethoxy, 2,2-difluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy, 2-chloro-2-fluoroethoxy, 2-chloro- 2,2-difluoroethoxy, 2,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethoxy, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxy, pentafluoroethoxy and 1 ,1 ,1- trifluoroprop-2-oxy.
The term “C1-C8-alkylsulfanyl” as used herein refers to a saturated, linear or branched group of formula (C1-C8-alkyl)-S-, in which the term "C1-C8-alkyl" is as defined herein. Examples of C1-C8-alkylsulfanyl include but are not limited to methylsulfanyl, ethylsulfanyl, propylsulfanyl, isopropylsulfanyl, butylsulfanyl, sec-butylsulfanyl, isobutylsulfanyl, tert-butylsulfanyl, pentylsulfanyl, isopentylsulfanyl, hexylsulfanyl group.
The term “C1-C8-halogenoalkylsulfanyl” as used herein refers to a C1-C8-alkylsulfanyl as defined above in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced with one or more halogen atoms that may be the same or different.
The term “C1-C8-alkylsulfinyl” as used herein refers to a saturated, linear or branched group of formula (C1-C8-alkyl)-S(=O)-, in which the term "C1-C8-alkyl" is as defined herein. Examples of C1-C8-alkylsulfinyl include but are not limited to saturated, straight-chain or branched alkylsulfinyl radicals having 1 to 8, preferably 1 to 6 and more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, for example (but not limited to) methylsulfinyl, ethylsulfinyl, propylsulfinyl, 1 -methylethylsulfinyl, butylsulfinyl, 1 -methylpropylsulfinyl, 2- methylpropylsulfinyl, 1 ,1 -dimethylethylsulfinyl, pentylsulfinyl, 1 -methylbutylsulfinyl, 2-methylbutylsulfinyl, 3-methylbutylsulfinyl, 2,2-dimethylpropylsulfinyl, 1 -ethylpropylsulfinyl, 1 ,1 -dimethylpropylsulfinyl, 1 ,2- dimethylpropylsulfinyl, hexylsulfinyl, 1 -methylpentylsulfinyl, 2-methylpentylsulfinyl, 3- methylpentylsulfinyl, 4-methylpentylsulfinyl, 1 ,1 -dimethylbutylsulfinyl, 1 ,2-dimethylbutylsulfinyl, 1 ,3- dimethylbutylsulfinyl, 2,2-dimethylbutylsulfinyl, 2,3-dimethylbutylsulfinyl, 3,3-dimethylbutylsulfinyl, 1- ethylbutylsulfinyl, 2-ethylbutylsulfinyl, 1 ,1 ,2-trimethylpropylsulfinyl, 1 ,2,2-trimethylpropylsulfinyl, 1-ethyl- 1 -methylpropylsulfinyl and 1-ethyl-2-methylpropylsulfinyl.
The term “C1-C8-halogenoalkylsulfinyl” as used herein refers to a C1-C8-alkylsulfinyl as defined above in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced with one or more halogen atoms that may be the same or different.
The term “C1-C8-alkylsulfonyl” s used herein refers to a saturated, linear or branched group of formula (C1-C8-alkyl)-S(=O)2-, in which the term "C1-C8-alkyl" is as defined herein. Examples of C1-C8- alkylsulfonyl include but are not limited to methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, propylsulfonyl, 1 -methylethylsulfonyl, butylsulfonyl, 1 -methylpropylsulfonyl, 2-methylpropylsulfonyl, 1 ,1 -dimethylethylsulfonyl, pentylsulfonyl, 1 -methylbutylsulfonyl, 2-methylbutylsulfonyl, 3-methylbutylsulfonyl, 2,2- dimethylpropylsulfonyl, 1 -ethylpropylsulfonyl, 1 ,1-dimethylpropylsulfonyl, 1 ,2-dimethylpropylsulfonyl, hexylsulfonyl, 1 -methylpentylsulfonyl, 2-methylpentylsulfonyl, 3-methylpentylsulfonyl, 4- methylpentylsulfonyl, 1 ,1-dimethylbutylsulfonyl, 1 ,2-dimethylbutylsulfonyl, 1 ,3-dimethylbutylsulfonyl, 2,2-dimethylbutylsulfonyl, 2,3-dimethylbutylsulfonyl, 3,3-dimethylbutylsulfonyl, 1 -ethylbutylsulfonyl, 2- ethylbutylsulfonyl, 1 ,1 ,2-trimethylpropylsulfonyl, 1 ,2,2-trimethylpropylsulfonyl, 1-ethyl-1-methyl- propylsulfonyl and 1-ethyl-2-methylpropylsulfonyl.
The term “C1-C8-halogenoalkylsulfonyl” as used herein refers to a C1-C8-alkylsulfonyl as defined above in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced with one or more halogen atoms that may be the same or different.
The term “C1-C8-alkylcarbonyl” as used herein refers to a saturated, linear or branched group of formula (C1-C8-alkyl)-C(=O)-, in which the term "C1-C8-alkyl" is as defined herein.
The term “C1-C8-halogenoalkylcarbonyl” as used herein refers to a C1-C8-alkylcarbonyl as defined above in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced with one or more halogen atoms that may be the same or different.
The term “C1-C8-alkoxycarbonyl” as used herein refers to a saturated, linear or branched group of formula (C1-C8-alkoxy)-C(=0)-, in which the term "C1-C8-alkoxy" is as defined herein. The term “C1-C8-halogenoalkoxycarbonyl” as used herein refers to a C1-C8-alkoxycarbonyl as defined above in which one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced with one or more halogen atoms that may be the same or different.
The term “non-aromatic C3-C12-carbocycle” as used herein refers to a non-aromatic, saturated or unsaturated, hydrocarbon ring system in which all of the ring members, which vary from 3 to 12, are carbon atoms. The ring system may be monocyclic or polycyclic (fused, spiro or bridged). Examples of polycyclic non-aromatic C3-C12-carbocycle include non-aromatic bicyclic C7-C12-carbocycle. Non- aromatic C3-C12-carbocycles include but are not limited to C3-C12-cycloalkyl (mono or bicyclic), C3-C12- cycloalkenyl (mono or bicyclic), bicyclic system comprising an aryl (e.g. phenyl) fused to a monocyclic C3-C7-cycloalkyl (e.g. tetrahydronaphthalenyl, indanyl), bicyclic system comprising an aryl (e.g. phenyl) fused to a monocyclic C3-C8-cycloalkenyl (e.g. indenyl, dihydronaphthalenyl) and tricyclic system comprising a cyclopropyl connected through one carbon atom to a bicyclic system comprising an aryl (e.g. phenyl) fused to a monocyclic C3-C7-cycloalkyl or to a monocyclic C3-C8-cycloalkenyl. The non- aromatic C3-C12-carbocycle can be attached to the parent molecular moiety through any carbon atom.
The term “C3-C12-cycloalkyl” as used herein refers to a saturated, monovalent, mono- or bicyclic hydrocarbon ring which contains 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12 carbon atoms. “C3-C7-cycloalkyl” as used herein designates monocyclic C3-C7-cycloalkyls which include but are not limited to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl. Examples of bicyclic C6-C12-cycloalkyls include but are not limited to bicyclo[3.1 ,1]heptane, bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane, bicyclo[3.2.2]- nonane, bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane, bicyclo[4.2.0]octyl, octahydropentalenyl and bicyclo[4.2.1]nonane.
The term “C3-C12-cycloalkenyl” as used herein refers to an unsaturated, monovalent, mono- or bicyclic hydrocarbon ring which contains 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12 carbon atoms. Examples of monocyclic C3-C8-cycloalkenyl group include but are not limited to cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl and cyclooctenyl group. Examples of bicyclic C6-C12-cycloalkenyl group include but are not limited to bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-enyl or bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-2-enyl.
The term “aromatic C6-C14-carbocycle” or “aryl” or “C6-C14 aryl” as used herein refers to an aromatic hydrocarbon ring system in which all of the ring members, which vary from 6 to 14, preferably from 6 to 10, are carbon atoms. The ring system may be monocyclic or fused polycyclic (e.g. bicyclic or tricyclic). Examples of aryl include but are not limited to phenyl, azulenyl, naphthyl and fluorenyl. The aryl can be attached to the parent molecular moiety through any carbon atom. It is further understood that when said aryl group is substituted with one or more substituents, said substituent(s) may be at any positions on said aryl ring(s). Particularly, in the case of aryl being a phenyl group, said substituent(s) may occupy one or both ortho positions, one or both meta positions, or the para position, or any combination of these positions. The term “non-aromatic 3- to 10-membered heterocycle” or “heterocyclyl” as used herein refers to a saturated or partially unsaturated non-aromatic ring system comprising 1 to 4, or 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. If the ring system contains more than one oxygen atoms, they are not directly adjacent. Non aromatic heterocycles include but are not limited to 3- to 7-membered monocyclic non-aromatic heterocycles and 6- to 10-membered polycyclic (e.g. bicyclic or tricyclic) non-aromatic heterocycles. The non-aromatic 3- to 10-membered heterocycle can be connected to the parent molecular moiety through any carbon atom or nitrogen atom contained within the heterocycle.
The term “non-aromatic 3- to 7-membered monocyclic heterocycle” as used herein refers to a 3-, 4-, 5- , 6- or 7-membered monocyclic ring system containing 1 , 2 or 3 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur where the ring system is saturated or unsaturated but not aromatic. For instance, the heterocycle may comprise one to three nitrogen atoms, or one or two oxygen atoms, or one or two sulfur atoms, or one to three nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, or one to three nitrogen atoms and a sulfur atom or one sulfur atom and one oxygen atom. Examples of saturated non-aromatic heterocycles include but are not limited to 3-membered ring such as oxiranyl, aziridinyl, 4-membered ring such as azetidinyl, oxetanyl, thietanyl, 5-membered ring such as tetrahydrofuranyl, 1 ,3-dioxolanyl, tetrahydrothienyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, triazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, oxadiazolidinyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, thiadiazolidinyl, 6- membered ring such as piperidinyl, hexahydropyridazinyl, hexahydropyrimidinyl, piperazinyl, triazinanyl, hexahydrotriazinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, dioxanyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, dithianyl, morpholinyl, 1 ,2- oxazinanyl, oxathianyl, thiomorpholinyl or 7-membered ring such as oxepanyl, azepanyl, 1 ,4-diazepanyl and1 ,4-oxazepanyl. Examples of unsaturated non-aromatic hererocyles include but are not limited to 5- membered ring such as dihydrofuranyl, 1 ,3-dioxolyl, dihydrothienyl, pyrrolinyl, dihydroimidazolyl, dihydropyrazolyl, isoxazolinyl, dihydrooxazolyl, dihydrothiazolyl or 6-membered ring such as pyranyl, thiopyranyl, thiazinyl and thiadiazinyl.
When an amino group or the amino moiety of any other amino-containing group is substituted by two substituents that can be the same or different, the two substituents together with the nitrogen atom to which they are linked can form a heterocyclyl group, preferably a 5- to 7-membered heterocyclyl group, that can be substituted or that can include other hetero atoms, for example a morpholino group, a thiomorpholine group, a piperazine group or piperidinyl group.
The term “non-aromatic 6- to 10-membered polycyclic heterocycle” as used herein refers to a 6-, 7-, 8- , 9-, 10-membered polycyclic (e.g. bicyclic or tricyclic) ring system containing 1 , 2 or 3 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur where the ring system is saturated or unsaturated but not aromatic. Non-aromatic bicyclic heterocycles may consist of a monocyclic heteroaryl as defined herein fused to a monocyclic C3-C7-cycloalkyl, a monocyclic C3-C8- cycloalkenyl or a monocyclic non-aromatic heterocycle or may consist of a monocyclic non-aromatic heterocycle fused either to an aryl (e.g. phenyl), a monocyclic C3-C7-cycloalkyl, a monocyclic C3-C8- cycloalkenyl or a monocyclic non-aromatic heterocycle. When two monocyclic heterocycles (aromatic or non-aromatic) comprising nitrogen atoms are fused, nitrogen atom may be at the bridgehead (e.g. 4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1 ,5-a]pyridinyl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyridinyl, 5, 6,7,8- tetrahydroimidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridinyl). Non-aromatic tricyclic heterocycles may consist of a monocyclic cycloalkyl connected through one common atom to a non-aromatic bicyclic heterocycle.
The term “aromatic 5- to 14-membered heterocycle” or “heteroaryl” or “5- to 14-membered heteroaryl” as used herein refers to an aromatic ring system comprising 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. If the ring system contains more than one oxygen atom, they are not directly adjacent. Aromatic heterocycles include aromatic 5- or 6-membered monocyclic heterocycles and 6- to 14-membered polycyclic (e.g. bicyclic or tricyclic) aromatic heterocycles. The 5- to 14-membered aromatic heterocycle can be connected to the parent molecular moiety through any carbon atom or nitrogen atom contained within the heterocycle.
The term “aromatic 5- or 6-membered monocyclic heterocycle” or “monocyclic heteroaryl” as used herein refers to a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic ring system containing 1 , 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. Examples of 5- membered monocyclic heteroaryl include but are not limited to furyl (furanyl), thienyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxatriazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl and thiatriazolyl. Examples of 6-membered monocyclic heteroaryl include but are not limited to pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, tetrazinyl.
The term “6- to 14-membered polycyclic aromatic heterocycle” or “polycyclic heteroaryl” as used herein refers to a 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, 10-, 11 -, 12-, 13- or 14-membered polycyclic (e.g. bicyclic or tricyclic) ring system containing 1 , 2 or 3 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur. Aromatic bicyclic heterocycles may consist of a monocyclic heteroaryl as defined herein fused to an aryl (e.g. phenyl) or to a monocyclic heteroaryl. Examples of bicyclic aromatic heterocycle include but are not limited to 9-membered ring such as indolyl, indolizinyl, isoindolyl, benzimadozolyl, imidazopyridinyl, indazolyl, benzotriazolyl, purinyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl and benzisoxazolyl or 10-membered ring such as quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, cinnolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, phthalazinyl, naphthyridinyl, pteridinal and benzodioxinyl. In 9- or 10- membered aromatic bicyclic heterocycles comprising two fused 5- or 6-membered monocyclic aromatic heterocycles, nitrogen atom may be at the bridgehead (e.g. imidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridinyl, [1 ,2,4]triazolo[4,3- a]pyridinyl, imidazo[1 ,2-a]pyridinyl, imidazo[2,1-b]oxazolyl, furo[2,3-d]isoxazolyl). Examples of tricyclic aromatic heterocycle include but are not limited to carbazolyl, acridinyl and phenazinyl. The terms “heteroaryloxy”, “aryloxy”, “heterocyclyloxy” as used herein designate a group of formula -O- R wherein R is respectively a heteroaryl, an aryl, a heterocyclyl as defined herein.
As used herein, when a group is said to be “substituted”, the group may be substituted with one or more substituents. The expression “one or more substituents” refers to a number of substituents that ranges from one to the maximum number of substituents possible based on the number of available bonding sites, provided that the conditions of stability and chemical feasibility are met.
The term “leaving group” as used herein is to be understood as meaning a group which is displaced from a compound in a substitution or an elimination reaction, for example a halogen atom, a trifluoromethanesulfonate (“triflate”) group, alkoxy, methanesulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate.
The terms “acyclic radicals” as used herein in the expressions “wherein acyclic aliphatic radicals may be substituted” designate any of the acyclic groups recited in the paragraph before said expressions, or any acyclic moiety of a composite group (e.g. the C1-C8-alkyl moiety of aryl-C1-C8-alkyl).
The term “aliphatic” as used herein in the expressions “wherein acyclic aliphatic radicals may be substituted” designate any of the non-aromatic saturated or unsaturated acyclic radicals or any radical which comprises an aliphatic part (e.g. C1-C8-alkoxy).
For instance, the terms “acyclic aliphatic radicals” in the expression “wherein acyclic aliphatic Y1 radicals may be substituted with one or more Ya substituents” designate the following: C1-C8-alkyl; C1-C8- halogenoalkyl; C2-C8-alkenyl; C2-C8-halogenoalkenyl; C2-C8-alkynyl; C2-C8-halogenoalkynyl; C1-C8- alkoxy; C1-C8-halogenoalkoxy; C1-C8-alkyl moiety of the following composite groups: C1-C8- alkylcarbonyl, (hydroxyimino)C1-C8-alkyl, (C1-C8-alkoxyimino)C1-C8-alkyl, C1-C8-alkyl-carbamoyl, di-Ci- C8-alkylcarbamoyl, C1-C8-alkylamino, di-C1-C8-alkyl-amino, C1-C8-alkylsulfanyl, C1-C8-alkylsulfinyl, Ci- C8-alkylsulfonyl, C1-C6-trialkylsilyl; C1-C8-alkoxy moiety of C1-C8-alkoxycarbonyl and (C1-C8- alkoxyimino)C1-C8-alkyl.
The terms “cyclic radicals” as used herein in the expressions “wherein cyclic radicals may be substituted” designate any of the cyclic groups, be it alicyclic or aromatic, recited in the paragraph before said expressions, or any cyclic moiety of a composite group (e.g. the aryl moiety of aryl-C1-C8-alkyl).
For instance, the terms “cyclic radicals” in the expression “wherein cyclic Y1 radicals may be substituted” designate the following: C3-C7-cycloalkyl and C4-C7-cycloalkenyl.
In a group containing an acyclic aliphatic moiety and a cyclic moiety (e.g. aryl-C1-C8-alkyl, aryloxy- C1- C8-alkyl), each of these moieties may be substituted independently of each other. For instance, when R1a is an a C3-C7-cycloalkyl-C1-C8-alkyl, the C1-C8-alkyl moiety of said group may be substituted by one or more Ra substituents and the C3-C7-cycloalkyl moiety may be substituted by one or more Rb substituents. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Accordingly, the present invention provides substituted ureas and derivatives thereof as described herein below that may be used for controlling phytopathogenic microorganisms, preferably phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes, in agriculture (e.g. in crop protection).
Active ingredients
The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I):
Figure imgf000011_0001
wherein
W1 is CY1 or N;
Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4 and Y5 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C1-C8-alkyl, C2-C8-alkenyl, C2-C8-alkynyl, C3-C7-cycloalkyl, C4-C7-cycloalkenyl, C1-C8-alkoxy, formyl, C1-C8-alkylcarbonyl, (hydroxyimino)C1-C8-alkyl, carboxyl, (C1-C8-alkoxyimino)C1-C8-alkyl, C1-C8- alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, C1-C8-alkyl-carbamoyl, di-C1-C8-alkylcarbamoyl, amino, C1-C8-alkylamino, di-C1-C8-alkyl-amino, sulfanyl, C1-C8-alkylsulfanyl, C1-C8-alkylsulfinyl, C1-C8-alkylsulfonyl, tri-C1-C6- alkylsilyl, cyano and nitro, wherein acyclic aliphatic Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4 and Y5 radicals may be substituted with one or more Ya substituents and wherein cyclic Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4 and Y5 radicals may be substituted with one or more Yb substituents;
Z is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C1-C8-alkyl, C2-C8- alkenyl, C2-C8-alkynyl, C1-C8-alkoxy, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, C4-C7-cycloalkenyl, formyl, C1-C8-alkylcarbonyl, (hydroxyimino)C1-C8-alkyl, (C1-C8-alkoxyimino)C1-C8-alkyl, carboxyl, C1-C8-alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C8- alkylcarbamoyl, di-C1-C8-alkylcarbamoyl, C1-C8-alkylamino, di-C1-C8-alkylamino, sulfanyl, C1-C8- alkylsu Ifinyl, C1-C8-alkylsulfonyl, tri-C1-C6-alkylsilyl, cyano and nitro, wherein acyclic aliphatic Z radicals may be substituted with one or more Za substituents and wherein cyclic Z radicals may be substituted with one or more Zb substituents;
T is O or S;
Q1 is CR1aR1b;
Q2 is a direct bond or CR2aR2b;
R1a and R1b are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C1-C8-alkyl, C2-C8-alkenyl, C3-C7-cycloalkyl, hydroxy, C1-C8-alkoxy, sulfanyl, C1-C8-alkylsulfanyl, C1-C8-alkylsu Ifinyl, C1-C8-alkylsulfonyl, tri-C1-C6-alkylsilyl and cyano, wherein acyclic aliphatic R1a and R1b radicals may be substituted with one or more Ra substituents and wherein cyclic R1a and R1b radicals may be substituted with one or more Rb substituents, or
R1a and R1b form, together with the carbon atom to which they are linked, a C3-C7-cycloalkyl ring wherein said C3-C7 cycloalkyl may be substituted with one or more Rb substituents,
R2a and R2b are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C1-C8-alkyl, C2-C8-alkenyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, hydroxy, C1-C8-alkoxy, sulfanyl, C1-C8-alkylsulfanyl, C1-C8-alkylsulfinyl, C1-C8-alkylsulfonyl, tri-C1-C6-alkylsilyl and cyano, wherein acyclic aliphatic R2a and R2b radicals may be substituted with one or more Ra substituents and wherein cyclic R2a and R2b radicals may be substituted with one or more Rb substituents, or
R2a and R2b form, together with the carbon atom to which they are linked, a C3-C7 cycloalkyl ring wherein said C3-C7 cycloalkyl may be substituted with one or more Rb substituents;
X1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, C1-C8-alkyl and C2-C8-alkenyl;
X2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, C1-C8-alkyl, C2-C8-alkenyl, C3-C8- alkynyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl C4-C7-cycloalkenyl, C1-C8-alkoxy, C1-C8-alkylsulfanyl-C1-C8-alkyl, C1-C8- alkylsulfinyl-C1-C8-alkyl, C1-C8-alkylsulfonyl-C1-C8-alkyl, 3- to 10-membered heterocyclyl, C6-C14-aryl- C1-C8-alkyl, 3- to 10-membered heterocyclyl-C1-C8-alkyl, 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl-C1-C8-alkyl, tri- C1-C6-alkylsilyl and tri-C1-C6-alkylsilyl-C1-C8-alkyl, wherein acyclic aliphatic X2 radicals may be substituted with one or more Xa substituents and wherein cyclic X2 radicals may be substituted with one or more Xb substituents; or
X1 and X2 may form, together with the [thio]urea moiety to which they are linked, a 5 to 7- membered saturated heterocyclyl ring, wherein said 5 to 7-membered heterocyclyl ring may be substituted with one or more Xc substituents; provided that at least one of X1 and X2 does not represent a hydrogen atom when R1a and R1b form, together with the carbon atom to which they are linked, a cyclohexyl radical;
A is selected from the group consisting of C1-C8-alkyl, C2-C8-alkenyl, C2-C8-alkynyl, C3-C7- cycloalkyl, C4-C7-cycloalkenyl, hydroxyl, C1-C8-alkoxy, sulfanyl, C1-C8-alkylsulfanyl, C1-C8-alkylsulfinyl, C1-C8-alkylsulfonyl, C6-C14 aryl, 3- to 10-membered heterocyclyl, 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, C6-C14- aryloxy, 3- to 10-membered heterocyclyloxy, 5- to 14-membered heteroaryloxy, 46-C14-arylsulfanyl, 3- to 10-membered heterocyclylsulfanyl, 5- to 14-membered heteroarylsulfanyl, tri-C1-C6-alkylsilyl and cyano, wherein acyclic aliphatic A radicals may be substituted with one or more Aa substituents and wherein cyclic A radicals may be substituted with one or more Ab substituents;
Za, Xa, Ya, Ra and Aa are independently selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, nitro, hydroxyl, cyano, carboxyl, amino, sulfanyl, pentafluoro-X6-sulfanyl, formyl, carbamoyl, carbamate, C3-C7-cycloalkyl, C3-C8-halogenocycloalkyl having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, C2-C8-alkenyl, C2-C8-alkynyl, C1-C8-alkylamino, di-C1-C8-alkylamino, C1-C8-alkoxy, C1-C8-halogenoalkoxy having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, C1-C8-alkylcarbonyl, C1-C8-halogenoalkylcarbonyl having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, C1-C8- alkylcarbamoyl, di-C1-C8-alkylcarbamoyl, C1-C8-alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C8-halogeno-alkoxycarbonyl having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, C1-C8-alkylcarbonyloxy, C1-C8-halogenoalkylcarbonyloxy having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, C1-C8-alkylcarbonylamino, C1-C8-halogenoalkylcarbonylamino having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, Ci- C8-alkylsulfanyl, C1-C8-halogenoalkylsulfanyl having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, C1-C8-alkylsulfinyl, C1-C8- halogenoalkylsulfinyl having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, C1-C8-alkylsulfonyl and C1-C8-halogeno-alkyl- sulfonyl having 1 to 5 halogen atoms;
Zb, Xb, Yb, Rb and Ab are independently selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, nitro, hydroxyl, cyano, carboxyl, amino, sulfanyl, pentafluoro-X6-sulfanyl, formyl, carbamoyl, carbamate, C1-C8-alkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, C1-C8-halogenoalkyl having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, C3-C8- halogenocycloalkyl having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, C2-C8-alkenyl, C4-C7-cycloalkenyl, C2-C8-alkynyl, C1-C8-alkylamino, di-C1-C8-alkylamino, C1-C8-alkoxy, C1-C8-halogenoalkoxy having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, C1-C8-alkylcarbonyl, C1-C8-halogenoalkylcarbonyl having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, C1-C8- alkylcarbamoyl, di-C1-C8-alkylcarbamoyl, C1-C8-alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C8-halogeno-alkoxycarbonyl having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, C1-C8-alkylcarbonyloxy, C1-C8-halogenoalkylcarbonyloxy having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, C1-C8-alkylcarbonylamino, C1-C8-halogenoalkylcarbonylamino having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, Ci- C8-alkylsulfanyl, C1-C8-halogenoalkylsulfanyl having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, C1-C8-alkylsulfinyl, C1-C8- halogenoalkylsulfinyl having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, C1-C8-alkylsulfonyl and C1-C8-halogeno-alkyl- sulfonyl having 1 to 5 halogen atoms ;
Xc is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-C8-alkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, C1-C8- halogenoalkyl having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, C2-C8-alkenyl, C1-C8-alkoxy and C1-C8-alkylsulfanyl; provided that the compound of formula (I) is not a compound of formula (I’):
Figure imgf000013_0001
wherein:
Y’4 and Y’5 are fluoro atoms and X’2 is selected from the group consisting of C3-C7 cycloalkyl or C4-C7- cycloalkenyl; or
Y’4 is a hydrogen atom, Y’5 is a fluoro atom and X’2 is selected from the group consisting of C3-C7- cycloalkyl or C4-C7-cycloalkenyl; or
Y’4 is a hydrogen atom, Y’5 is a methyl and X’2 is selected from the group consisting of C3-C7-cycloalkyl or C4-C7-cycloalkenyl; and the chain Q’ 1-Q’2-A’ represents a C1-C8-alkyl, C2-C8-alkenyl, C2-C8-alkynyl, C1-C8-alkoxy, C2-C6- alkenyloxy, C2-C8-alkynyloxy, CH2-C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C3-C8-cycloalkoxy, CH2-phenyl, or CH2-heteroaryl ; wherein the heteroaryl contains 1 , 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S; wherein the acyclic and cyclic moieties of the chain Q’1-Q’2-A’ are unsubstituted or substituted by one to six groups A’a which independently of one another are selected from: halogen, CN, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-halogenoalkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl, C2-C6-halogenoalkenyl, C2-C6-alkynyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, C2-C6-alkenyloxy, C2-C6-alkynyloxy, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkoxy, phenyl, phenoxy, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl or heteroaryloxy, wherein the heteroaryl contains 1 , 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S; wherein the acyclic and cyclic moieties of A’a are unsubstituted or substituted by one to six groups A’b which independently of one another are selected from: halogen, CN, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-halogenoalkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl, C2-C6-halogenoalkenyl, C2-C6-alkynyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, C2-C6-alkenyloxy, C2-C6-alkynyloxy, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkoxy; wherein the groups A’b are unsubstituted or substituted by one to six halogen or CN; and provided that the compound of formula (I) is not:
- 1-(3-cyano-1 ,4-dioxidoquinoxalin-2-yl)-3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]urea [2608087-89-2],
- 1-benzyl-3-quinolin-3-ylthiourea [2605217-29-4],
- 1 ,1-diethyl-3-quinolin-3-ylthiourea [2376288-37-6],
- 1-ethyl-3-quinoxalin-2-ylurea [2095854-34-3],
- 1 -{2-[3-(prop-1 -en-2-yl)phenyl]propan-2-yl}-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [1245750-53-1 ],
- 1-[2-(2-chlorophenyl)ethyl]-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [1055941-89-3],
- 1 ,3-dimethyl-1 -[(1 S)-1 -phenylethyl]-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [1042947-32-9],
- 1-[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [648420-83-1],
- 1-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [648420-81 -9],
- 1-quinolin-3-yl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]urea [648420-79-5],
- 1 , 1 -diethyl-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [510734-36-8],
- 1-benzyl-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [443755-10-0],
- 1 -allyl-3-quinolin-3-ylthiourea [220605-07-2],
- 1-(2-phenylethyl)-3-quinolin-3-ylthiourea [149485-26-7],
- methyl 6,7-dimethyl-3-[(propylcarbamoyl)amino]quinoxaline-2-carboxylate [107551-46-2],
- 1-butyl-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [85261-09-2],
- 1-isopropyl-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [85261-08-1],
- 1-propyl-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [85261-07-0],
- 1-ethyl-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [85261-06-9],
- 3-[(ethylcarbamoyl)amino]-6,7-dimethylquinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid [80144-42-9] and
- 1 -tert-butyl-3-quinolin-3-ylthiourea [60572-57-8],
Not encompassed herein are compounds resulting from combinations which are against natural laws and which the person skilled in the art would therefore exclude based on his/her expert knowledge. For instance, ring structures having three or more adjacent oxygen atoms are excluded.
The compounds of formula (I) can suitably be in their free form, salt form, N-oxide form or solvate form (e.g. hydrate). The following compounds are mentioned in chemical databases and/or suppliers' databases without any references or information which enable these to be prepared and separated:
- 1-quinolin-3-yl-3-(tetrahydro-1 H-[1 ,4]oxazino[3,4-c][1 ,4]oxazin-9a(9H)-ylmethyl)urea [2419342-50-8],
- 1-quinolin-3-yl-3-(2-thienylmethyl)urea [2330600-81-0],
- 1-(2-phenoxyethyl)-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [2329451-31-0],
- 1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [2329401-83-2],
- 1-(1 ,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [2328602-39-5],
- 1-(1-naphthylmethyl)-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [2328224-31 -1],
- 1-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [2327573-34-0],
- 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [2327495-97-4],
- 1-isobutyl-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [2326243-84-7],
- 1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [2325097-62-7],
- 1-quinolin-3-yl-3-(tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl)urea [2324649-29-6],
- 1 -(2-furylmethyl)-1 -(2-methoxyethyl)-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [2308223-88-1 ],
- 1-(2-bromoquinolin-3-yl)-3-(6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1 ,2,4]triazol-3-ylmethyl)urea [1808876-23-4],
- 1-(2-bromoquinolin-3-yl)-3-[2-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]urea [1808692-97-8],
- 1-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [1787545-51-0],
- 1 -butyl-3-quinolin-3-ylthiourea [1774932-89-6],
- 1-quinolin-3-yl-3-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)urea [1713607-52-3],
- 1-tert-butyl-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [1713576-06-7],
- 1 -(1 -methoxypropan-2-yl)-3-quinolin-3-ylthiourea [1713222-31 -1 ],
- 1-propyl-3-quinolin-3-ylthiourea [1710945-44-0],
- 1-(3-methoxypropyl)-3-quinolin-3-ylthiourea [1710533-24-6],
- 1-ethyl-1-methyl-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [1710385-10-6],
- 1-isopropyl-3-quinolin-3-ylthiourea [1710343-93-3],
- 1-isobutyl-3-quinolin-3-ylthiourea [1710192-19-0],
- 1-(3-ethoxypropyl)-3-quinolin-3-ylthiourea [1710192-17-8],
- 1-methyl-1-[(5-methyl-1 ,2-oxazol-3-yl)methyl]-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [1355518-89-6],
- 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-1-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [1333865-09-0],
- 1 -methyl-1 -[(1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl]-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [1333569-95-1 ],
- 1-cyclopropyl-1-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [1333556-84-5],
- 1-[(5-chloro-2-thienyl)methyl]-1-ethyl-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [1333544-32-3],
- 1-methyl-3-quinolin-3-yl-1-(3-thienylmethyl)urea [1333540-93-4],
- 1-[(1 ,1-dioxidotetrahydrothiophen-3-yl)methyl]-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [1281123-83-8],
- 1 -quinolin-3-yl-3-(1 ,3-thiazol-2-ylmethyl)urea [1281 102-28-0],
- 1-[2-(6,7-dihydrothieno[3,2-c]pyridin-5(4H)-yl)propyl]-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [1241570-07-9],
- 1-[2-(4-methyl-1 ,3-thiazol-2-yl)ethyl]-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [1223739-57-8],
- 1-(2-bromoethyl)-3-quinolin-3-ylurea hydrochloride (1 :1) [1135085-43-6], - 1-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [1090041-06-7],
- 1-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [1089632-42-7],
- 1-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-3-quinolin-3-ylthiourea [1022627-59-3],
- 1-(2-phenylethyl)-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [959671-69-3],
- 1-(2-furylmethyl)-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [925148-89-6],
- 1 -[(2E)-3-bromoprop-2-en-1 -yl]-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [907171 -84-0],
- 1-[(2Z)-2,3-dibromoprop-2-en-1-yl]-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [906427-94-9],
- 1-(2-furylmethyl)-3-quinolin-3-ylthiourea [774553-42-3],
- 1-(2-methoxyethyl)-3-quinolin-3-ylthiourea [774553-40-1],
- 1 -ethyl-3-quinolin-3-ylthiourea [774553-38-7],
- 1-(2-bromoethyl)-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [500578-48-3] and
- 1-(1-phenylcyclopropyl)-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [446028-10-0],
Preferably, the compounds listed above are excluded from the scope of the invention.
Depending on the nature of the substituents, compounds of formula (I) may be present in the form of different stereoisomers. These stereoisomers are, for example, enantiomers, diastereomers, atropisomers or geometric isomers. Accordingly, the invention encompasses both pure stereoisomers and any mixture of these isomers. Where a compound can be present in two or more tautomer forms in equilibrium, reference to the compound by means of one tautomeric description is to be considered to include all tautomer forms.
Any of the compounds of formula (I) can also exist in one or more geometric isomer forms depending on the number of double bonds in the compound. Geometric isomers by nature of substituents about a double bond or a ring may be present in cis (= Z-) or trans (= E-) form. The invention thus relates equally to all geometric isomers and to all possible mixtures, in all proportions.
Depending on the nature of the substituents, the compound of formula (I) may be present in the form of the free compound and/or a salt thereof, such as an agrochemically active salt.
Agrochemically active salts include acid addition salts of inorganic and organic acids well as salts of customary bases. Examples of inorganic acids are hydrohalic acids, such as hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide and hydrogen iodide, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and nitric acid, and acidic salts, such as sodium bisulfate and potassium bisulfate. Useful organic acids include, for example, formic acid, carbonic acid and alkanoic acids such as acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid and propionic acid, and also glycolic acid, thiocyanic acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, oxalic acid, saturated or mono- or diunsaturated fatty acids having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, alkylsulfuric monoesters, alkylsulfonic acids (sulfonic acids having straightchain or branched alkyl radicals having 1 to 20 carbon atoms), arylsulfonic acids or aryldisulfonic acids (aromatic radicals, such as phenyl and naphthyl, which bear one or two sulfonic acid groups), alkylphosphonic acids (phosphonic acids having straight-chain or branched alkyl radicals having 1 to 20 carbon atoms), arylphosphonic acids or aryldiphosphonic acids (aromatic radicals, such as phenyl and naphthyl, which bear one or two phosphonic acid radicals), where the alkyl and aryl radicals may bear further substituents, for example p-toluenesulfonic acid, salicylic acid, p-aminosalicylic acid, 2-phenoxybenzoic acid, 2-acetoxybenzoic acid.
Solvates of the compounds of formula (I) or their salts are stoichiometric compositions of the compounds with solvents.
The compounds of formula (I) may exist in multiple crystalline and/or amorphous forms. Crystalline forms include unsolvated crystalline forms, solvates and hydrates.
Compounds of formula (I) are herein referred to as “active ingredients)”.
In the above formula (I), W1 is preferably CY1 or N, wherein Y1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, hydroxyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, C1-C6-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C1-C6-alkoxycarbonyl, formyl and cyano.
More preferably, W1 is CY1 or N, and Y1 is a hydrogen atom.
In the above formula (I), Z is preferably selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C1-C6-alkoxy, C1-C6-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different and cyano.
More preferably Z is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom and C1-C6-alkyl.
Most preferably Z is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom and methyl.
In the above formula (I), Y2, Y3, Y4 and Y5 are preferably independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, hydroxyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, C1-C6- halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C1-C6- alkylcarbonyl, formyl and cyano.
More preferably Y2, Y3, Y4 and Y5 are independently hydrogen atom or halogen atom.
Most preferably Y2 and Y3 are hydrogen atoms and Y4 and Y5 are independently hydrogen atom or fluorine atom.
In one preferred embodiment, T is O. In the above formula (I), X1 is preferably selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, C1-C6- alkyl and C2-C6-alkenyl.
More preferably, X1 is a hydrogen atom.
In the above formula (I), X2 is preferably selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, C1-C6- alkyl, C1-C6-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C2-C8- alkenyl, C2-C8-halogenoalkenyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C3- C8-alkynyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, C1-C8-halogenoalkoxy comprising up to 5 halogen atoms, C1-C8-alkoxy-C1-C8- alkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl-C1-C6-alkyl, C4-C7-cycloalkenyl, C4-C7-cycloalkenyl-C1-C8-alkyl, C1-C8-alkoxy-C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C8-alkylsulfanyl-C1-C6-alkyl, C6-C14-aryl-C1-C6-alkyl, 3- to 10-membered heterocyclyl-C1-C8-alkyl, 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl-C1-C8-alkyl and C1-C6-trialkylsilyl-C1-C8-alkyl.
More preferably, X2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6- halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C2-C6-alkenyl, C2- C6-halogenoalkenyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C3-C6-alkynyl, C3-C7-cycloalkyl, C3-C7-cycloalkyl-C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, 3- to 10-membered heterocyclyl-C1-C6- alkyl comprising 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of O, N and S.
More preferably, X2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C3- halogenoalkyl comprising up to 3 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C2-C6-alkenyl, C2- C6-halogenoalkenyl comprising up to 3 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C3-C6-alkynyl, C3-C5-cycloalkyl, C3-C5-cycloalkyl-C1-C8-alkyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, 3- to 5-membered heterocyclyl-C1-C8-alkyl comprising 1 to 3 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of O, N and S.
In one embodiment, X1 and X2 form, together with the [thio]urea moiety to which they are linked, a 5 to 7-membered saturated heterocyclyl ring, wherein said 5 to 7-membered heterocyclic ring may be substituted with one or more Xc substituents.
Preferably, X1 and X2 form in this embodiment, together with the [thio]urea moiety to which they are linked, a 5 to 7-membered saturated heterocyclyl ring.
More preferably, X1 and X2 form in this embodiment, together with the [thio]urea moiety to which they are linked a 1 ,3-disubstituted imidazolidin-2-one or a 1 ,3-disubstituted tetrahydropyrimidin-2(1 H)-one that may be substituted with one or more Xc substituents.
Preferably, Xc is selected from the group consisting of C1-C6-alkyl and C1-C6-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different.
More preferably, Xc is C1-C6-alkyl most preferably methyl.
Preferably, in the above formula (I), X2 is other than C3-C7-cycloalkyl or C4-C7-cycloalkenyl when:
- W1 is CH, T is O, X1 is H, Z is H, Y1, Y2, Y3 and Y4 are H and Y5 is F, or
W1 is CH, T is O, X1 is H, Z is H, Y1, Y2 and Y3 are H and Y4 and Y5 are F, or
- W1 is CH, T is O, X1 is H, Z is H, Y1, Y2, Y3 and Y4 are H and Y5 is CH3. In the above formula (I), R1a and R1b are preferably independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different and C3-C6-cycloalkyl or R1a and R1bform, together with the carbon atom to which they are linked, a C3-C7-cycloalkyl.
More preferably R1a and R1b are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, C1-C6-alkyl and C3-C7 cycloalkyl or R1a and R1b form, together with the carbon atom to which they are linked, a C3-C7 cycloalkyl, preferably a C3-C6-cycloalkyl.
Even more preferably, R1a is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, Ci- C6-alkyl (preferably methyl, ethyl, isopropyl and isobutyl) and C3-C6-cycloalkyl (preferably cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl) and R1b is hydrogen atom.
In one embodiment, R1a and R1bform, together with the carbon atom to which they are linked a cycloalkyl other than cyclohexyl.
In the above formula (I), Q2 is a direct bond or CR2aR2b, wherein R2a and R2b are preferably independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different and C3-C6-cycloalkyl.
More preferably, R2a and R2b are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom and C1-C6-alkyl.
Even more preferably, R2a is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, C1-C6-alkyl (preferably methyl and isopropyl) and R2b is hydrogen atom.
In the above formula (I), A is preferably selected from the group consisting of C3-C8-alkyl, C3-C8-alkoxy, C1-C6-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C3-C7- cycloalkyl, C4-C7-cycloalkenyl, C6-C14-aryl, 3- to 10-membered heterocyclyl and 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl wherein cyclic A radicals may be substituted with one or more Ab substituents.
More preferably, A is selected from the group consisting of C3-C8-alkyl, C3-C7-cycloalkyl, C6-C14-aryl, 3- to 6-membered heterocyclyl comprising 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of O, N and S, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl comprising 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of O, N and S, wherein cyclic A radicals may be substituted with one or more Ab substituents.
Preferably said Ab substituent is selected from the list consisting of halogen atom, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6- halogenoalkyl and cyano.
Preferably, acyclic aliphatic A radicals are branched hydrocarbon chains. The above-mentioned preferences with regard to the substituents of the compounds according to the invention can be combined in various manners. These combinations of preferred features thus provide sub-classes of compounds according to the invention. Examples of such sub-classes of preferred compounds according to the invention are:
- preferred features of W1 with one or more preferred features of Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Z, T, X1, X2, R1a, R1b, R2a, R2b and A;
- preferred features of Y1 with one or more preferred features of W1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Z, T, X1, X2, R1a, R1b, R2a, R2b and A;
- preferred features of Y2 with one or more preferred features of W1, Y1, Y3, Y4, Y5, Z, T, X1, X2, R1a, R1b, R2a, R2b and A;
- preferred features of Y3 with one or more preferred features of W1, Y1, Y2, Y4, Y5, Z, T, X1, X2, R1a, R1b, R2a, R2b and A;
- preferred features of Y4 with one or more preferred features of W1, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y5, Z, T, X1, X2, R1a, R1b, R2a, R2b and A;
- preferred features of Y5 with one or more preferred features of W1, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Z, T, X1, X2, R1a, R1b, R2a, R2b and A;
- preferred features of Z with one or more preferred features of W1, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, T, X1, X2, R1a, R1b, R2a, R2b and A;
- preferred features of T with one or more preferred features of W1, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Z, X1, X2, R1a, R1b, R2a, R2b and A;
- preferred features ofX1 with one or more preferred features of W1, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Z, T, X2, R1a, R1b, R2a, R2b and A;
- preferred features of X2 with one or more preferred features of W1, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Z, T, X1, R1a, R1b, R2a, R2b and A;
- preferred features of R1a with one or more preferred features of W1, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Z, T, X1, X2, R1b, R2a, R2b and A;
- preferred features of R1b with one or more preferred features of W1, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Z, T, X1, X2, R1a, R2a, R2b and A;
- preferred features of R2a with one or more preferred features of W1, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Z, T, X1, X2, R1a, R1b, R2b and A;
- preferred features of R2b with one or more preferred features of W1, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Z, T, X1, X2, R1a, R1b, R2a and A;
- preferred features of A with one or more preferred features of W1, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Z, T, X1, X2, R1a, R1b, R2a and R2b;
In these combinations of preferred features of the substituents of the compounds according to the invention, the said preferred features can also be selected among the more preferred features of each of W1, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Z, T, X1 , X2 , R1a, R1b, R2a, R2b and A so as to form most preferred subclasses of compounds according to the invention. Compounds of formula (I) may be used for controlling phytopathogenic microorganisms, preferably phytopathogenic fungi and oomycetes, in agriculture (e.g. in crop protection).
Processes for the preparation of the active ingredients
The present invention also relates to processes for the preparation of compounds of formula (I). Unless indicated otherwise, the radicals W1, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Z, T, X1, X2, Q1, Q2, Xc and A have the meanings given above for the compounds of formula (I). These definitions apply not only to the end products of the formula (I) but likewise to all intermediates.
Compounds of formula (I) as herein-defined wherein X1 is hydrogen, represented by formula (la), can be prepared by a process P1 which comprises the step of reacting an iso[thio]cyanate of formula (II) with an amine of formula (III):
Figure imgf000021_0002
Process P1 can be performed if appropriate in the presence of a base and if appropriate in the presence of a solvent according to known processes. lso[thio]cyanates of formula (II) can be prepared by action of phosgene or thiophosgene as well as any precursor of it (e.g. diphosgene or triphosgene) on an amine of formula (IV) according to known processes (Patai's Chemistry of Functional Groups - The chemistry of Cyanates and Their Thio Derivatives - Part 2 - 1977).
Figure imgf000021_0001
Amines of formula (IV) are commercially available or can be prepared by reduction by known processes of a nitro derivative of formula (VII).
Figure imgf000022_0001
Nitro derivatives of formula (VII) are commercially available or can be prepared by known processes.
Amines of formula (III) are commercially available or can be prepared by known processes.
Suitable solvents for carrying out process P1 are not particularly limited. They can be customary inert organic solvents as long as it is not dissolving the compound or reagents to react therewith or exhibit any particular interaction therewith. Preference is given to using, optionally halogenated, aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic hydrocarbons, such as petroleum ether, pentane, hexane, heptane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, benzene, toluene, xylene, decalin, ISOPAR™ E or ISOPAR™ G, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1 ,2-dichloroethane or trichloroethane; ethers, such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, methyl tert-amyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 1 ,2-dimethoxyethane, 1 ,2-diethoxyethane or anisole; nitriles, such as acetonitrile, propionitrile, n- or iso-butyronitrile or benzonitrile; amides, such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylformanilide, N-methylpyrrolidone or hexamethylphosphoric triamide; ureas, such as 1 ,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2(1 H)-pyrimidinone; esters, such as methyl acetate or ethyl acetate; sulfoxides, such as dimethyl sulfoxide, or sulfones, such as sulfolane; and a mixture thereof.
Suitable bases for carrying out process P1 can be inorganic and organic bases which are customary for such reactions. Preference is given to using alkaline earth metal or alkali metal hydroxides, such as sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or other ammonium hydroxide derivatives ; alkaline earth metal, alkali metal or ammonium fluorides such as potassium fluoride, caesium fluoride or tetrabutylammonium fluoride ; alkaline earth metal or alkali metal carbonates, such as sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium bicarbonate or caesium carbonate ; alkali metal or alkaline earth metal acetates, such as sodium acetate, lithium acetate, potassium acetate or calcium acetate ; alkali metal alcoholates, such as potassium tert-butoxide or sodium tert-butoxide ; alkali metal phosphates, such as tri-potassium phosphate ; tertiary amines, such as trimethylamine, triethylamine, tributylamine, N,N-dimethylaniline, N,N-dicyclohexylmethylamine, N,N- diisopropylethylamine, N-methylpiperidine, N,N-dimethylaminopyridine, diazabicyclooctane (DABCO), diazabicyclononene (DBN) or diazabicycloundecene (DBU) ; and also aromatic bases, such as pyridine, picolines, lutidines or collidines. Process P1 may be performed if appropriate in an inert atmosphere such as argon or nitrogen atmosphere. When carrying out process P1 , 1 mole or an excess of amine of formula (III) and if appropriate from 1 to 5 moles of base can be employed per mole of iso[thio]cyanate of formula (II). It is also possible to employ the reaction components in other ratios. Work-up is carried out by known methods.
Compounds of formula (I) as herein-defined wherein X1 is hydrogen, represented by formula (la), can be prepared by a process P2 which comprises the step of reacting a [th io] carbamate of formula (V) with an amine of formula (III):
Figure imgf000023_0001
Process P2 can be performed if appropriate in the presence of a base and if appropriate in the presence of a solvent according to known processes.
[Thio]carbamates of formula (Va) wherein U1 is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyoxy group can be prepared by condensation of a substituted or unsubstituted phenylchloro[thio]formate on an amine of formula (IV) according to known processes (Tetrahedron (2012), 68 , p15-45 and Science of Synthesis - Carbonic acid halides - (2005), 18, p321-377).
[Thio]carbamates of formula (Vb) wherein U1 is a C1-C6-alkoxy group can be prepared by reaction of amine of formula (IV) with a di-C1-C6-alkyl [dithio]dicarbonate according to known processes (Tetrahedron (2012), 68 , p15-45 and Science of Synthesis - Carbonic acid halides - (2005), 18, p321- 377).
Suitable bases for carrying out process P2 can be as disclosed in connection with process P1 .
Suitable solvents for carrying out process P2 can be as disclosed in connection with process P1 .
Process P2 may be performed if appropriate in an inert atmosphere such as argon or nitrogen atmosphere. When carrying out process P2, 1 mole or an excess of amine of formula (III) and if appropriate from 1 to 5 moles of base can be employed per mole of [thio]carbamate of formula (V). It is also possible to employ the reaction components in other ratios. Work-up is carried out by known methods.
Compounds of formula (I) as herein-defined can be prepared by a process P3 which comprises the step of reacting a [thio]carbamate of formula (VI) with an amine of formula (IVb):
Figure imgf000024_0001
Process P3 can be performed if appropriate in the presence of a base and if appropriate in the presence of a solvent according to known processes.
[Thio]carbamates of formula (VI) are commercially available or can be prepared as disclosed for [thio]carbamates of formula (Va)/(Vb) in process P2.
Suitable bases for carrying out process P3 can be as disclosed in connection with process P1 .
Suitable solvents for carrying out process P3 can be as disclosed in connection with process P1 .
Process P3 may be performed if appropriate in an inert atmosphere such as argon or nitrogen atmosphere. When carrying out process P3, 1 mole or an excess of [thio]carbamate of formula (VI) and if appropriate from 1 to 5 moles of base can be employed per mole of amine of formula (IVb). It is also possible to employ the reaction components in other ratios. Work-up is carried out by known methods.
Compounds of formula (I) as herein-defined can be prepared by a process P4 which comprises the step of reacting a compound of formula (la) with an alkyl halide of formula (VIII):
Figure imgf000025_0001
In Process P4, compound of formula (la) is treated with a base such as sodium hydride and an alkyl halide of formula (VIII), preferentially an iodoalkane such as iodomethane. The reaction is usually carried out in polar aprotic solvents such as dimethylformamide.
Compound of formula (la) can be prepared as disclosed in processes P1 , P2 and P3.
Process P4 may be performed if appropriate in an inert atmosphere such as argon or nitrogen atmosphere. When carrying out process P4, 1 mole or an excess of alkyl halide of formula (VIII) and if appropriate from 1 to 5 moles of base can be employed per mole of compound of formula (la). It is also possible to employ the reaction components in other ratios. Work-up is carried out by known methods.
Compounds of formula (I) as herein-defined wherein X1 and X2 form, together with the [thio]urea moiety to which they are linked a heterocyclic ring, represented by formula (Ic), can be prepared by a process P5 which comprises the step of reacting a compound of formula (lb) wherein X1 and X2 are hydrogen, with an alkyl dihalide of formula (IX):
Figure imgf000025_0002
In Process P5, compound of formula (lb) is treated with 2 equivalent or more of a base and an alkyl dihalide of formula (IX), preferentially a diiodoalkane or dibromoalkane such as 1 ,2-diiodoethane, 1 ,3- dibromopropane, 1 ,3-dibromo-2-methylpropane or 1 ,3-dibromo-2,2-dimethylpropane.
Process P5 can be performed if appropriate in the presence of a base and if appropriate in the presence of a solvent and if appropriate in the presence of water according to known processes.
Suitable bases for carrying out process P5 can be as disclosed in connection with process P1 .
Suitable solvents for carrying out process P5 can be as disclosed in connection with process P1 .
Compound of formula (lb) can be prepared as disclosed in processes P1 , P2 and P3.
Process P5 may be performed if appropriate in an inert atmosphere such as argon or nitrogen atmosphere. When carrying out process P5, 1 mole or an excess of alkyl dihalide of formula (IX) and if appropriate from 2 to 5 moles of base can be employed per mole of compound of formula (lb). It is also possible to employ the reaction components in other ratios. Work-up is carried out by known methods.
Compounds of formula (I) as herein-defined wherein X1 and X2 form, together with the [thio]urea moiety to which they are linked a heterocyclic ring, represented by formula (Ic), can be prepared as well by a process P6 which comprises the step of reacting a compound of formula (X) with halogen derivative of formula (XI):
Figure imgf000026_0001
In Process P6, compound of formula (X) is treated with 1 equivalent or more of a base such as sodium hydride and a halogen derivative of formula (XI), if appropriate in presence of sodium or potassium iodide according to known processes such as J.Med.Chem. (2000), 43, 3653. The reaction is usually carried out in polar aprotic solvents such as dimethylformamide. Compound of formula (X) can be prepared by condensation of the heterocyclyl compound of formula (XII) on the 3-halogeno quinoline of formula (XIII) wherein Hal5 is chloro, bromo or iodo, according to known processes such as Synthesis (2005), 915 or WO2018/167147 [270],
Figure imgf000027_0001
Compounds of formula (XI), (XII) and (XIII) are commercially available or can be prepared according to known processes.
Process P6 may be performed if appropriate in an inert atmosphere such as argon or nitrogen atmosphere. When carrying out process P6, 1 mole or an excess of the halide derivative of formula (XI) and if appropriate from 1 to 5 moles of base can be employed per mole of compound of formula (X). It is also possible to employ the reaction components in other ratios. Work-up is carried out by known methods.
In processes P5 and P6, the alkylation of a compound of formula (lb) wherein T is S by an alkyl dihalide of formula (IX) or the alkylation of a compound of formula (X) wherein T is S by a halogen derivative of formula (XI) may not always be selective and may provide unwanted S-alkylated by-products.
Compounds of formula (I) as herein-defined wherein X1 and X2 form, together with the thiourea moiety to which they are linked a heterocyclic ring, represented by formula (le), can be prepared by a process P7 which comprises the thionation of compounds of formula (I) as herein-defined wherein X1 and X2 form, together with the urea moiety to which they are linked a heterocyclic ring, represented by formula (Id):
Figure imgf000027_0002
Suitable thionating agents for carrying out process P7 according to the invention can be sulfur (S), sulfhydric acid (H2S), sodium sulfide (Na2S), sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), boron trisulfide (B2S3), bis (diethylaluminium) sulfide ((AIEt2)2S), ammonium sulfide ((NH4)2S), phosphorous pentasulfide (P2S5), Lawesson’s reagent (2,4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1 ,2,3,4-dithiadiphosphetane 2,4-disulfide) or a polymer- supported thionating reagent such as described in J.Chem.Soc. Perkin 1 , (2001), 358.
Suitable solvents for carrying out process P7 can be as disclosed in connection with process P1 .
Compound of formula (Id) can be prepared as disclosed in processes P5 and P6.
Process P7 may be performed if appropriate in an inert atmosphere such as argon or nitrogen atmosphere. When carrying out process P7, 1 mole or an excess of the thionating agent can be employed per mole of compound of formula (Id). It is also possible to employ the reaction components in other ratios. Work-up is carried out by known methods.
Processes P1 , P2, P3, P4, P5, P6 and P7 are generally carried out under atmospheric pressure. It is also possible to operate under elevated or reduced pressure.
When carrying out processes P1 , P2, P3, P4, P5, P6 and P7, the reaction temperatures can be varied within a relatively wide range. In general, these processes are carried out at temperatures from - 78 °C to 200 °C, preferably from - 78 °C to 150 °C. A way to control the temperature for the processes is to use microwave technology.
In general, the reaction mixture is concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue that remains can be freed by known methods, such as chromatography or crystallization, from any impurities that can still be present.
Work-up is carried out by customary methods. Generally, the reaction mixture is treated with water and the organic phase is separated off and, after drying, concentrated under reduced pressure. If appropriate, the remaining residue can, be freed by customary methods, such as chromatography, crystallization or distillation, from any impurities that may still be present.
The compounds of formula (I) can be prepared according to the general processes of preparation described above. It will nevertheless be understood that, on the basis of his general knowledge and of available publications, the skilled worker will be able to adapt the methods according to the specifics of each compound, which it is desired to synthesize. Compositions and formulations
The present invention further relates to compositions, in particular compositions for controlling unwanted microorganisms. The composition may be applied to the microorganisms and/or in their habitat.
The composition comprises at least one compound of formula (I) and at least one agriculturally suitable auxiliary, e.g. carrier(s) and/or surfactants).
A carrier is a solid or liquid, natural or synthetic, organic or inorganic substance that is generally inert. The carrier generally improves the application of the compounds, for instance, to plants, plants parts or seeds. Examples of suitable solid carriers include, but are not limited to, ammonium salts, in particular ammonium sulfates, ammonium phosphates and ammonium nitrates, natural rock flours, such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite and diatomaceous earth, silica gel and synthetic rock flours, such as finely divided silica, alumina and silicates. Examples of typically useful solid carriers for preparing granules include but are not limited to crushed and fractionated natural rocks such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite and dolomite, synthetic granules of inorganic and organic flours and granules of organic material such as paper, sawdust, coconut shells, maize cobs and tobacco stalks. Examples of suitable liquid carriers include, but are not limited to, water, organic solvents and combinations thereof. Examples of suitable solvents include polar and nonpolar organic chemical liquids, for example from the classes of aromatic and nonaromatic hydrocarbons (such as cyclohexane, paraffins, alkylbenzenes, xylene, toluene, tetrahydronaphthalene, alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatics or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride), alcohols and polyols (which may optionally also be substituted, etherified and/or esterified, such as ethanol, propanol, butanol, benzylalcohol, cyclohexanol or glycol), ketones (such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone), esters (including fats and oils) and (poly)ethers, unsubstituted and substituted amines, amides (such as dimethylformamide or fatty acid amides) and esters thereof, lactams (such as N- alkylpyrrolidones, in particular N-methylpyrrolidone) and lactones, sulfones and sulfoxides (such as dimethyl sulfoxide), oils of vegetable or animal origin. The carrier may also be a liquefied gaseous extender, i.e. liquid which is gaseous at standard temperature and under standard pressure, for example aerosol propellants such as halohydrocarbons, butane, propane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
Preferred solid carriers are selected from clays, talc and silica.
Preferred liquid carriers are selected from water, fatty acid amides and esters thereof, aromatic and nonaromatic hydrocarbons, lactams and carbonic acid esters.
The amount of carrier typically ranges from 1 to 99.99%, preferably from 5 to 99.9%, more preferably from 10 to 99.5%, and most preferably from 20 to 99% by weight of the composition.
Liquid carriers are typically present in a range of from 20 to 90%, for example 30 to 80% by weight of the composition. Solid carriers are typically present in a range of from 0 to 50%, preferably 5 to 45%, for example 10 to 30% by weight of the composition.
If the composition comprises two or more carriers, the outlined ranges refer to the total amount of carriers.
The surfactant can be an ionic (cationic or anionic), amphoteric or non-ionic surfactant, such as ionic or non-ionic emulsifier(s), foam formers), dispersant(s), wetting agent(s), penetration enhancer(s) and any mixtures thereof. Examples of suitable surfactants include, but are not limited to, salts of polyacrylic acid, salts of lignosulfonic acid (such as sodium lignosulfonate), salts of phenolsulfonic acid or naphthalenesulfonic acid, polycondensates of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide with fatty alcohols, fatty acids or fatty amines (for example, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters such as castor oil ethoxylate, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, for example alkylaryl polyglycol ethers), substituted phenols (preferably alkylphenols or arylphenols) and ethoxylates thereof (such as tristyrylphenol ethoxylate), salts of sulfosuccinic esters, taurine derivatives (preferably alkyl taurates), phosphoric esters of polyethoxylated alcohols or phenols, fatty esters of polyols (such a fatty acid esters of glycerol, sorbitol or sucrose), sulfates (such as alkyl sulfates and alkyl ether sulfates), sulfonates (for example, alkylsulfonates, arylsulfonates and alkylbenzene sulfonates), phosphate esters, protein hydrolysates, lignosulfite waste liquors and methylcellulose. Any reference to salts in this paragraph refers preferably to the respective alkali, alkaline earth and ammonium salts.
Preferred surfactants are selected from polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, alkylbenzene sulfonates, such as calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, castor oil ethoxylate, sodium lignosulfonate and arylphenol ethoxylates, such as tristyrylphenol ethoxylate.
The amount of surfactants typically ranges from 5 to 40%, for example 10 to 20%, by weight of the composition.
Further examples of suitable auxiliaries include water repellents, siccatives, binders (adhesive, tackifier, fixing agent, such as carboxymethylcellulose, natural and synthetic polymers in the form of powders, granules or latices, such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate, natural phospholipids such as cephalins and lecithins and synthetic phospholipids, polyvinylpyrrolidone and tylose), thickeners and secondary thickeners (such as cellulose ethers, acrylic acid derivatives, xanthan gum, modified clays, e.g. the products available under the name Bentone, and finely divided silica), stabilizers (e.g. cold stabilizers, preservatives (e.g. dichlorophene and benzyl alcohol hemiformal), antioxidants, light stabilizers, in particular UV stabilizers, or other agents which improve chemical and/or physical stability), dyes or pigments (such as inorganic pigments, e.g. iron oxide, titanium oxide and Prussian Blue; organic dyes, e.g. alizarin, azo and metal phthalocyanine dyes), antifoams (e.g. silicone antifoams and magnesium stearate), antifreezes, stickers, gibberellins and processing auxiliaries, mineral and vegetable oils, perfumes, waxes, nutrients (including trace nutrients, such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc), protective colloids, thixotropic substances, penetrants, sequestering agents and complex formers. The choice of the auxiliaries depends on the intended mode of application of the compound of formula (I) and/or on the physical properties of the compound(s). Furthermore, the auxiliaries may be chosen to impart particular properties (technical, physical and/or biological properties) to the compositions or use forms prepared therefrom. The choice of auxiliaries may allow customizing the compositions to specific needs.
The composition may be provided to the end user as ready-for-use formulation, i.e. the compositions may be directly applied to the plants or seeds by a suitable device, such as a spraying or dusting device. Alternatively, the compositions may be provided to the end user in the form of concentrates which have to be diluted, preferably with water, prior to use.
The composition can be prepared in conventional manners, for example by mixing the compound of formula (I) with one or more suitable auxiliaries, such as disclosed herein above.
The composition comprises a fungicidally effective amount of the compound(s) of formula (I) The term "effective amount" denotes an amount, which is sufficient for controlling harmful fungi on cultivated plants or in the protection of materials and which does not result in a substantial damage to the treated plants. Such an amount can vary in a broad range and is dependent on various factors, such as the fungal species to be controlled, the treated cultivated plant or material, the climatic conditions and the specific compound of formula (I) used. Usually, the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) contains from 0.01 to 99% by weight, preferably from 0.05 to 98% by weight, more preferred from 0.1 to 95% by weight, even more preferably from 0.5 to 90% by weight, most preferably from 1 to 80% by weight of the compound of formula (I). It is possible that a composition comprises two or more compounds of the invention. In such case the outlined ranges refer to the total amount of compounds of the present invention.
The composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may be in any customary composition type, such as solutions (e.g. aqueous solutions), emulsions, water- and oil-based suspensions, powders (e.g. wettable powders, soluble powders), dusts, pastes, granules (e.g. soluble granules, granules for broadcasting), suspoemulsion concentrates, natural or synthetic products impregnated with the compound of formula (I), fertilizers and also microencapsulations in polymeric substances. The compound of formula (I) may be present in a suspended, emulsified or dissolved form. Examples of particular suitable composition types are solutions, watersoluble concentrates (e.g. SL, LS), dispersible concentrates (DC), suspensions and suspension concentrates (e.g. SC, OD, OF, FS), emulsifiable concentrates (e.g. EC), emulsions (e.g. EW, EO, ES, ME, SE), capsules (e.g. CS, ZC), pastes, pastilles, wettable powders or dusts (e.g. WP, SP, WS, DP, DS), pressings (e.g. BR, TB, DT), granules (e.g. WG, SG, GR, FG, GG, MG), insecticidal articles (e.g. LN), as well as gel formulations for the treatment of plant propagation materials such as seeds (e.g. GW, GF). These and further compositions types are defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). An overview is given in the "Catalogue of pesticide formulation types and international coding system", Technical Monograph No. 2, 6th Ed. May 2008, Croplife International.
Preferably, the composition is in form of one of the following types: EC, SC, FS, SE, OD and WG, more preferred EC, SC, OD and WG.
Further details about examples of composition types and their preparation are given below. If two or more compounds of the invention are present, the outlined amount of compound of formula (I) refers to the total amount of compounds of the present invention. This applies mutatis mutandis for any further component of the composition, if two or more representatives of such component, e.g. wetting agent, binder, are present. i) Water-soluble concentrates (SL, LS)
10-60 % by weight of at least one compound of formula (I) and 5-15 % by weight surfactant (e.g. polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether) are dissolved in such amount of water and/or water-soluble solvent (e.g. alcohols such as propylene glycol or carbonates such as propylene carbonate) to result in a total amount of 100 % by weight. Before application the concentrate is diluted with water. ii) Dispersible concentrates (DC)
5-25 % by weight of at least one compound of formula (I) and 1-10 % by weight surfactant and/or binder (e.g. polyvinylpyrrolidone) are dissolved in such amount of organic solvent (e.g. cyclohexanone) to result in a total amount of 100 % by weight. Dilution with water gives a dispersion. iii) Emulsifiable concentrates (EC)
15-70 % by weight of at least one compound of formula (I) and 5-10 % by weight surfactant (e.g. a mixture of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate) are dissolved in such amount of waterinsoluble organic solvent (e.g. aromatic hydrocarbon or fatty acid amide) and if needed additional water- soluble solvent to result in a total amount of 100 % by weight. Dilution with water gives an emulsion. iv) Emulsions (EW, EG, ES)
5-40 % by weight of at least one compound of formula (I) and 1-10 % by weight surfactant (e.g. a mixture of calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate) are dissolved in 20-40 % by weight waterinsoluble organic solvent (e.g. aromatic hydrocarbon). This mixture is added to such amount of water by means of an emulsifying machine to result in a total amount of 100 % by weight. The resulting composition is a homogeneous emulsion. Before application the emulsion may be further diluted with water. v) Suspensions and suspension concentrates v-1) Water-based (SC, FS) In a suitable grinding equipment, e.g. an agitated ball mill, 20-60 % by weight of at least one compound of formula (I) are comminuted with addition of 2-10 % by weight surfactant (e.g. sodium lignosulfonate and polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether), 0.1-2 % by weight thickener (e.g. xanthan gum) and waterto give a fine active substance suspension. The water is added in such amount to result in a total amount of 100 % by weight. Dilution with water gives a stable suspension of the active substance. For FS type compositions up to 40 % by weight binder (e.g. polyvinylalcohol) is added. v-2) Oil-based (OD, OF)
In a suitable grinding equipment, e.g. an agitated ball mill, 20-60 % by weight of at least one compound of formula (I) are comminuted with addition of 2-10 % by weight surfactant (e.g. sodium lignosulfonate and polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether), 0.1-2 % by weight thickener (e.g. modified clay, in particular Bentone, or silica) and an organic carrier to give a fine active substance oil suspension. The organic carrier is added in such amount to result in a total amount of 100 % by weight. Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion of the active substance. vi) Water-dispersible granules and water-soluble granules (WG, SG)
50-80 % by weight of at least one compound of formula (I) are ground finely with addition of surfactant (e.g. sodium lignosulfonate and polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether) and converted to water-dispersible or water- soluble granules by means of technical appliances (e. g. extrusion, spray tower, fluidized bed). The surfactant is used in such amount to result in a total amount of 100 % by weight. Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active substance. vii) Water-dispersible powders and water-soluble powders (WP, SP, WS)
50-80 % by weight of at least one compound of formula (I) are ground in a rotor-stator mill with addition of 1-8 % by weight surfactant (e.g. sodium lignosulfonate, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether) and such amount of solid carrier, e.g. silica gel, to result in a total amount of 100 % by weight. Dilution with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active substance. viii) Gel (GW, GF)
In an agitated ball mill, 5-25 % by weight of at least one compound of formula (I) are comminuted with addition of 3-10 % by weight surfactant (e.g. sodium lignosulfonate), 1-5 % by weight binder (e.g. carboxymethylcellulose) and such amount of waterto result in a total amount of 100 % by weight. This results in a fine suspension of the active substance. Dilution with water gives a stable suspension of the active substance. ix) Microemulsion (ME) 5-20 % by weight of at least one compound of formula (I) are added to 5-30 % by weight organic solvent blend (e.g. fatty acid dimethylamide and cyclohexanone), 10-25 % by weight surfactant blend (e.g. polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ether and arylphenol ethoxylate), and such amount of waterto result in a total amount of 100 % by weight. This mixture is stirred for 1 h to produce spontaneously a thermodynamically stable microemulsion. x) Microcapsules (CS)
An oil phase comprising 5-50 % by weight of at least one compound of formula (I), 0-40 % by weight water- insoluble organic solvent (e.g. aromatic hydrocarbon), 2-15 % by weight acrylic monomers (e.g. methylmethacrylate, methacrylic acid and a di- or triacrylate) are dispersed into an aqueous solution of a protective colloid (e.g. polyvinyl alcohol). Radical polymerization initiated by a radical initiator results in the formation of poly(meth)acrylate microcapsules. Alternatively, an oil phase comprising 5-50 % by weight of at least one compound of formula (I), 0-40 % by weight water-insoluble organic solvent (e.g. aromatic hydrocarbon), and an isocyanate monomer (e.g. diphenylmethene-4,4'-diisocyanatae) are dispersed into an aqueous solution of a protective colloid (e.g. polyvinyl alcohol). The addition of a polyamine (e.g. hexamethylenediamine) results in the formation of polyurea microcapsules. The monomers amount to 1-10 % by weight of the total CS composition. xi) Dustable powders (DP, DS)
1-10 % by weight of at least one compound of formula (I) are ground finely and mixed intimately with such amount of solid carrier, e.g. finely divided kaolin, to result in a total amount of 100 % by weight. xii) Granules (GR, FG)
0.5-30 % by weight of at least one compound of formula (I) are ground finely and associated with such amount of solid carrier (e.g. silicate) to result in a total amount of 100 % by weight. Granulation is achieved by extrusion, spray-drying or the fluidized bed. xiii) Ultra-low volume liquids (UL)
1-50 % by weight of at least one compound of formula (I) are dissolved in such amount of organic solvent, e.g. aromatic hydrocarbon, to result in a total amount of 100 % by weight.
The compositions types i) to xiii) may optionally comprise further auxiliaries, such as 0.1-1 % by weight preservatives, 0.1-1 % by weight antifoams, 0.1-1 % by weight dyes and/or pigments, and 5-10% by weight antifreezes. Mixtures/Combinations
The compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) can be mixed with other active ingredients like fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, insecticides, biological control agents or herbicides. Mixtures with fertilizers, growth regulators, safeners, nitrification inhibitors, semiochemicals and/or other agriculturally beneficial agents are also possible. This may allow to broaden the activity spectrum or to prevent development of resistance.
The active ingredients specified herein by their Common Name are known and described, for example, in The Pesticide Manual (16th Ed. British Crop Protection Council) or can be searched on the internet (e.g. www.alanwood.net/pesticides).
Where a compound (A) or a compound (B) can be present in tautomeric form, such a compound is understood herein above and herein below also to include, where applicable, corresponding tautomeric forms, even when these are not specifically mentioned in each case.
All named mixing partners of the classes (1) to (15) can, if their functional groups enable this, optionally form salts with suitable bases or acids.
1) Inhibitors of the ergosterol biosynthesis, for example (1.001) cyproconazole, (1.002) difenoconazole, (1.003) epoxiconazole, (1.004) fenbuconazole, (1.005) fenhexamid, (1.006) fenpropidin, (1.007) fenpropimorph, (1.008) fenpyrazamine, (1.009) Fluoxytioconazole, (1.010) fluquinconazole, (1.011) flutriafol, (1.012) hexaconazole, (1.013) imazalil, (1.014) imazalil sulfate, (1.015) ipconazole, (1.016) ipfentrifluconazole, (1.017) mefentrifluconazole, (1.018) metconazole, (1.019) myclobutanil, (1.020) paclobutrazol, (1 .021) penconazole, (1 .022) prochloraz, (1 .023) propiconazole, (1 .024) prothioconazole, (1.025) pyrisoxazole, (1.026) spiroxamine, (1.027) tebuconazole, (1.028) tetraconazole, (1.029) triadimenol, (1.030) tridemorph, (1.031) triticonazole, (1.032) (1 R,2S,5S)-5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2- (chloromethyl)-2-methyl-1 -(1 H-1 , 2 ,4-triazol- 1 -ylmethyl)cyclopentanol, (1 .033) (1 S,2R,5R)-5-(4- chlorobenzyl)-2-(chloromethyl)-2-methyl-1 -(1 H-1 , 2 ,4-triazol- 1 -ylmethyl)cyclopentanol, (1 .034) (2R)-2- (1 -chlorocyclopropyl)-4-[(1 R)-2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl]-1 -(1 H-1 , 2 ,4-tri azo I- 1 -yl)butan-2-ol, (1 .035) (2R)- 2-(1 -chlorocyclopropyl)-4-[(1 S)-2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl]-1 -(1 H-1 , 2 ,4-tri azo I- 1 -yl)butan-2-ol, (1 .036)
(2R)-2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 -(1 H-1 , 2 ,4-tri azo I- 1 -yl)propan-2-ol, (1 .037)
(2S)-2-(1 -chlorocyclopropyl)-4-[(1 R)-2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl]-1 -(1 H-1 , 2 ,4-tri azo I- 1 -yl)butan-2-ol,
(1 .038) (2S)-2-(1 -chlorocyclopropyl)-4-[(1 S)-2,2-dichlorocyclopropyl]-1 -(1 H-1 , 2 ,4-tri azo I- 1 -yl)butan-2- ol, (1 .039) (2S)-2-[4-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1 -(1 H-1 , 2 ,4-tri azo I- 1 -yl)propan-2-ol, (1 .040) (R)-[3-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1 ,2-oxazol-4-yl](pyridin-3-yl)methanol, (1 .041) (S)-[3-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1 ,2-oxazol-4-yl](pyridin-3-yl)methanol, (1 .042) [3-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-5-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1 ,2-oxazol-4-yl](pyridin-3-yl)methanol, (1 .043) 1 -({(2R,4S)-2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-4-methyl-1 ,3-dioxolan-2-yl}methyl)-1 H-
1 ,2,4-triazole, (1 .044) 1 -({(2S,4S)-2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-4-methyl-1 ,3-dioxolan-2- yl}methyl)-1 H-1 ,2,4-triazole, (1 .045) 1-{[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}- 1 H-1 ,2,4-triazol-5-yl thiocyanate, (1.046) 1-{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4- difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-1 H-1 ,2,4-triazol-5-yl thiocyanate, (1 .047) 1-{[rel(2R,3S)-3-(2- chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-1 H-1 ,2 ,4-triazol-5-y I thiocyanate, (1 .048) 2- [(2R,4R,5R)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1 ,2,4- triazole-3-thione, (1 .049) 2-[(2R,4R,5S)-1 -(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-
2,4-dihydro-3H-1 ,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1 .050) 2-[(2R,4S,5R)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6- trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1 ,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1 .051) 2-[(2R,4S,5S)-1-(2,4- dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1 ,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1 .052) 2- [(2S,4R,5R)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1 ,2,4- triazole-3-thione, (1 .053) 2-[(2S,4R,5S)-1 -(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-
2,4-dihydro-3H-1 ,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1 .054) 2-[(2S,4S,5R)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6- trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1 ,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1 .055) 2-[(2S,4S,5S)-1-(2,4- dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1 ,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1 .056) 2- [1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylheptan-4-yl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1 ,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1 .057) 2-[6-(4-bromophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]-1-(1 ,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol, (1 .058) 2- [6-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-3-pyridyl]-1-(1 ,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol, (1 .059) 2-{[3-(2- chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-2,4-dihydro-3H-1 ,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1 .060) 2-{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-2,4-dihydro-3H-1 ,2,4- triazole-3-thione, (1 .061) 2-{[rel(2R,3S)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-
2.4-dihydro-3H-1 ,2,4-triazole-3-thione, (1 .062) 3-[2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(3-chloro-2-fluoro-phenyl)- 2-hydroxy-propyl]imidazole-4-carbonitrile, (1 .063) 5-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2-(chloromethyl)-2-methyl-1 -(1 H-
1 .2.4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol, (1 .064) 5-(allylsulfanyl)-1-{[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4- difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-1 H-1 ,2,4-triazole, (1 .065) 5-(allylsulfanyl)-1-{[rel(2R,3R)-3-(2- chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-1 H-1 ,2,4-triazole, (1 .066) 5-(a lly Isu Ifa ny I)- 1 - {[rel(2R,3S)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)oxiran-2-yl]methyl}-1 H-1 ,2,4-triazole, (1 .067) methyl 2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-2-hydroxy-3-(1 H-1 , 2 ,4-tri azo I- 1 -yl)propanoate, (1 .068) N'-(2-chloro-5-methyl-4-phenoxyphenyl)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1 .069) N'-[2-chloro-4-(2- fluorophenoxy)-5-methylphenyl]-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1 .070) N'-[5-bromo-6-(2,3-dihydro- 1 H-inden-2-yloxy)-2-methylpyridin-3-yl]-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1 .071) N'-{4-[(4,5-dichloro- 1 ,3-thiazol-2-yl)oxy]-2,5-dimethylphenyl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1 .072) N'-{5-bromo-2- methyl-6-[(1 -propoxypropan-2-yl)oxy]pyridin-3-yl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1 .073) N'-{5- bromo-6-[(1 R)-1-(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethoxy]-2-methylpyridin-3-yl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide,
(1 .074) N'-{5-bromo-6-[(1 S)-1 -(3,5-difluorophenyl)ethoxy]-2-methylpyridin-3-yl}-N-ethyl-N- methylimidoformamide, (1 .075) N'-{5-bromo-6-[(cis-4-isopropylcyclohexyl)oxy]-2-methylpyridin-3-yl}-N- ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1 .076) N'-{5-bromo-6-[(trans-4-isopropylcyclohexyl)oxy]-2- methylpyridin-3-yl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1 .077) N'-{5-bromo-6-[1-(3,5- difluorophenyl)ethoxy]-2-methylpyridin-3-yl}-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (1 .078) N-isopropyl-N'- [5-methoxy-2-methyl-4-(2, 2, 2-trifluoro-1 -hydroxy-1 -phenylethyl)phenyl]-N-methylimidoformamide.
2) Inhibitors of the respiratory chain at complex I or II, for example (2.001) benzovindiflupyr, (2.002) bixafen, (2.003) boscalid, (2.004) carboxin, (2.005) cyclobutrifluram, (2.006) flubeneteram, (2.007) fluindapyr, (2.008) fluopyram, (2.009) flutolanil, (2.010) fluxapyroxad, (2.011) furametpyr, (2.012) inpyrfluxam, (2.013) Isofetamid, (2.014) isoflucypram, (2.015) isopyrazam, (2.016) penflufen, (2.017) penthiopyrad, (2.018) pydiflumetofen, (2.019) pyrapropoyne, (2.020) pyraziflumid, (2.021) sedaxane,
(2.022) Thifluxamide, (2.023) 1 ,3-dimethyl-N-(1 ,1 ,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1 H-inden-4-yl)-1 H-pyrazole-
4-carboxamide, (2.024) 1 ,3-dimethyl-N-[(3R)-1 ,1 ,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1 H-inden-4-yl]-1 H-pyrazole-4- carboxamide, (2.025) 1 ,3-dimethyl-N-[(3S)-1 ,1 ,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1 H-inden-4-yl]-1 H-pyrazole-4- carboxamide, (2.026) 1 -methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-N-[2'-(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl-2-yl]-1 H-pyrazole-4- carboxamide, (2.027) 2-fluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)-N-(1 ,1 ,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1 H-inden-4- y I) benzamide, (2.028) 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(1 ,1 ,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1 H-inden-4-yl)-1 H- pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.029) 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-[(3S)-1 ,1 ,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1 H- inden-4-yl]-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.030) 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3R)-7-fluoro-1 ,1 ,3-trimethyl-2,3- dihydro-1 H-inden-4-yl]-1-methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.031) 3-(difluoromethyl)-N-[(3S)-7- fluoro-1 ,1 ,3-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1 H-inden-4-yl]-1-methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.032) 5,8- difluoro-N-[2-(2-fluoro-4-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}phenyl)ethyl]quinazolin-4-amine, (2.033) N- [(1 R,4S)-9-(dichloromethylene)-1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1 ,4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1 - methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.034) N-[(1 S,4R)-9-(dichloromethylene)-1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1 ,4- methanonaphthalen-5-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.035) N-[1-(2,4- dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxypropan-2-yl]-3-(difluoromethyl)-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.036) N-[rac-(1 S,2S)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)cyclobutyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)nicotinamide.
3) Inhibitors of the respiratory chain at complex III, for example (3.001) ametoctradin, (3.002) amisulbrom, (3.003) azoxystrobin, (3.004) coumethoxystrobin, (3.005) coumoxystrobin, (3.006) cyazofamid, (3.007) dimoxystrobin, (3.008) enoxastrobin, (3.009) famoxadone, (3.010) fenamidone, (3.011) fenpicoxamid, (3.012) florylpicoxamid, (3.013) flufenoxystrobin, (3.014) fluoxastrobin, (3.015) kresoxim-methyl, (3.016) mandestrobin, (3.017) metarylpicoxamid, (3.018) metominostrobin, (3.019) metyltetraprole, (3.020) orysastrobin, (3.021) picoxystrobin, (3.022) pyraclostrobin, (3.023) pyrametostrobin, (3.024) pyraoxystrobin, (3.025) trifloxystrobin, (3.026) (2E)-2-{2-[({[(1 E)-1 -(3-{[(E)-1 - fluoro-2-phenylvinyl]oxy}phenyl)ethylidene]amino}oxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-(methoxyimino)-N- methylacetamide, (3.027) (2E,3Z)-5-{[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-1 H-pyrazol-3-yl]oxy}-2-(methoxyimino)-N,3- dimethylpent-3-enamide, (3.028) (2R)-2-{2-[(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-methoxy-N- methylacetamide, (3.029) (2S)-2-{2-[(2,5-dimethylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl}-2-methoxy-N- methylacetamide, (3.030) N-(3-ethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl)-3-formamido-2-hydroxybenzamide, (3.031) (2E,3Z)-5-{[1-(4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl)-1 H-pyrazol-3-yl]oxy}-2-(methoxyimino)-N,3- dimethylpent-3-enamide, (3.032) methyl {5-[3-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1 H-pyrazol-1-yl]-2- methylbenzyljcarbamate.
4) Inhibitors of the mitosis and cell division, for example (4.001) carbendazim, (4.002) diethofencarb, (4.003) ethaboxam, (4.004) fluopicolide, (4.005) fluopimomide, (4.006) metrafenone, (4.007) pencycuron, (4.008) pyridachlometyl, (4.009) pyriofenone (chlazafenone), (4.010) thiabendazole, (4.011) thiophanate-methyl, (4.012) zoxamide, (4.013) 3-chloro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(2,6- difluorophenyl)-6-methylpyridazine, (4.014) 3-chloro-5-(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)-6-methyl-4-(2,4,6- trifluorophenyl)pyridazine, (4.015) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-1 H- pyrazol-5-amine, (4.016) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-1 H- pyrazol-5-amine, (4.017) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-bromophenyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-5- amine, (4.018) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-5- amine, (4.019) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chlorophenyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.020) 4-(2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2-fluorophenyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.021) 4-(2- chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-N-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.022) 4-(2-chloro-4- fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.023) 4-(2-chloro-4- fluorophenyl)-N-(2-chlorophenyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.024) 4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)- N-(2-fluorophenyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.025) 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)- 3,6-dimethylpyridazine, (4.026) N-(2-bromo-6-fluorophenyl)-4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl- 1 H-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.027) N-(2-bromophenyl)-4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol- 5-amine, (4.028) N-(4-chloro-2,6-difluorophenyl)-4-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol- 5-amine.
5) Compounds capable to have a multisite action, for example (5.001) bordeaux mixture, (5.002) captafol, (5.003) captan, (5.004) chlorothalonil, (5.005) copper hydroxide, (5.006) copper naphthenate, (5.007) copper oxide, (5.008) copper oxychloride, (5.009) copper(2+) sulfate, (5.010) dithianon, (5.011) dodine, (5.012) folpet, (5.013) mancozeb, (5.014) maneb, (5.015) metiram, (5.016) metiram zinc, (5.017) oxine-copper, (5.018) propineb, (5.019) sulfur and sulfur preparations including calcium polysulfide, (5.020) thiram, (5.021) zineb, (5.022) ziram, (5.023) 6-ethyl-5,7-dioxo-6,7-dihydro-5H- pyrrolo[3',4':5,6][1 ,4]dithiino[2,3-c][1 ,2]thiazole-3-carbonitrile.
6) Compounds capable to induce a host defence, for example (6.001) acibenzolar-S-methyl, (6.002) fosetyl-aluminium, (6.003) fosetyl-calcium, (6.004) fosetyl-sodium, (6.005) isotianil, (6.006) phosphorous acid and its salts, (6.007) probenazole, (6.008) tiadinil.
7) Inhibitors of the amino acid and/or protein biosynthesis, for example (7.001) cyprodinil, (7.002) kasugamycin, (7.003) kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate, (7.004) oxytetracycline, (7.005) pyrimethanil
8) Inhibitors of the ATP production, for example (8.001) silthiofam.
9) Inhibitors of the cell wall synthesis, for example (9.001) benthiavalicarb, (9.002) dimethomorph, (9.003) flumorph, (9.004) iprovalicarb, (9.005) mandipropamid, (9.006) pyrimorph, (9.007) valifenalate, (9.008) (2E)-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)-1-(morpholin-4-yl)prop-2-en-1-one, (9.009) (2Z)-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)-1-(morpholin-4-yl)prop-2-en-1-one.
10) Inhibitors of the lipid synthesis or transport, or membrane synthesis, for example (10.001) fluoxapiprolin, (10.002) natamycin, (10.003) oxathiapiprolin, (10.004) propamocarb, (10.005) propamocarb hydrochloride, (10.006) propamocarb-fosetylate, (10.007) tolclofos-methyl, (10.008) 1-(4- {4-[(5R)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1 ,2-oxazol-3-yl]-1 ,3-thiazol-2-yl}piperidin-1-yl)-2-[5-methyl- 3-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-pyrazol-1 -yl]ethanone, (10.009) 1 -(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro- 1 ,2-oxazol-3-yl]-1 , 3-th iazo l-2-yl}pi pe rid in- 1 -yl)-2- [5-methy l-3-(trifl u oro methyl)- 1 H-pyrazol-1 - yl]ethanone, (10.010) 2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1 H-pyrazol-1 -yl]-1 -[4-(4-{5-[2-(prop-2-yn-1 - yloxy)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1 ,2-oxazol-3-yl}-1 , 3-th iazo l-2-y I) pi pe rid in- 1 -yl]ethanone, (10.011) 2-[3,5- bis(difluoromethyl)-1 H-pyrazol-1 -yl]-1 -[4-(4-{5-[2-chloro-6-(prop-2-yn-1 -yloxy)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1 ,2- oxazol-3-yl}-1 ,3-thiazol-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethanone, (10.012) 2-[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1 H-pyrazol-1 - yl]-1 -[4-(4-{5-[2-fluoro-6-(prop-2-yn-1 -yloxy)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-1 ,2-oxazol-3-yl}-1 ,3-thiazol-2- y I) piperid i n- 1 -yl]ethanone, (10.013) 2-{(5R)-3-[2-(1 -{[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1 H-pyrazol-1 - yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-1 ,3-thiazol-4-yl]-4,5-dihydro-1 ,2-oxazol-5-yl}-3-chlorophenyl methanesulfonate, (10.014) 2-{(5S)-3-[2-(1 -{[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1 H-pyrazol-1 -y l]acety I}pipe rid in-4-y I)- 1 , 3-th iazo l-4-yl]- 4,5-dihydro-1 ,2-oxazol-5-yl}-3-chlorophenyl methanesulfonate, (10.015) 2-{3-[2-(1-{[3,5- bis(difluoromethyl)-1 H-pyrazol-1 -y l]acety I}pipe rid in-4-y I) - 1 ,3-thiazol-4-yl]-4,5-dihydro-1 ,2-oxazol-5- yl}phenyl methanesulfonate, (10.016) 3-[2-(1-{[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-pyrazol-1 - y l]acety I}piperid in-4-y I)- 1 , 3-th iazol-4-y I]- 1 ,5-dihydro-2,4-benzodioxepin-6-yl methanesulfonate, (10.017) 9-fluoro-3-[2-(1 -{[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-pyrazol-1 -y l]acety I}pipe rid in-4-y I)- 1 , 3-th iazo l-4-y I]- 1 ,5- dihydro-2,4-benzodioxepin-6-yl methanesulfonate, (10.018) 3-[2-(1 -{[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1 H- pyrazol-1 -yl]acetyl}piperidin-4-yl)-1 ,3-thiazol-4-yl]-1 ,5-dihydro-2,4-benzodioxepin-6-yl methanesulfonate, (10.019) 3-[2-(1 -{[3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1 H-pyrazol-1 -y l]acety I}pipe rid in-4-y I)- 1 ,3- thiazol-4-yl]-9-fluoro-1 ,5-dihydro-2,4-benzodioxepin-6-yl methanesulfonate.
11) Inhibitors of the melanin biosynthesis, for example (11 .001) tolprocarb, (11 .002) tricyclazole.
12) Inhibitors of the nucleic acid synthesis, for example (12.001) benalaxyl, (12.002) benalaxyl-M (kiralaxyl), (12.003) metalaxyl, (12.004) metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam).
13) Inhibitors of the signal transduction, for example (13.001) fludioxonil, (13.002) iprodione, (13.003) procymidone, (13.004) proquinazid, (13.005) quinoxyfen, (13.006) vinclozolin.
14) Compounds capable to act as an uncoupler, for example (14.001) fluazinam, (14.002) meptyldinocap.
15) Further compounds, for example (15.001) abscisic acid, (15.002) aminopyrifen, (15.003) benthiazole, (15.004) bethoxazin, (15.005) capsimycin, (15.006) carvone, (15.007) chinomethionat, (15.008) chloroinconazide, (15.009) cufraneb, (15.010) cyflufenamid, (15.011) cymoxanil, (15.012) cyprosulfamide, (15.013) dipymetitrone, (15.014) flutianil, (15.015) flufenoxadiazam, (15.016) flumetylsulforim, (15.017) ipflufenoquin, (15.018) methyl isothiocyanate, (15.019) mildiomycin, (15.020) nickel dimethyldithiocarbamate, (15.021) nitrothal-isopropyl, (15.022) oxyfenthiin, (15.023) pentachlorophenol and salts, (15.024) picarbutrazox, (15.025) quinofumelin, (15.026) D-tagatose, (15.027) tebufloquin, (15.028) tecloftalam, (15.029) tolnifanide, (15.030) 2-(6-benzylpyridin-2- yl)quinazoline, (15.031) 2-[6-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-methylpyridin-2-yl]quinazoline, (15.032) 2- phenylphenol and salts, (15.033) 4-amino-5-fluoropyrimidin-2-ol (tautomeric form: 4-amino-5- fluoropyrimidin-2(1 H)-one), (15.034) 4-oxo-4-[(2-phenylethyl)amino]butanoic acid, (15.035) 5-amino- 1 ,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol, (15.036) 5-chloro-N'-phenyl-N'-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)thiophene-2-sulfonohydrazide, (15.037) 5-fluoro-2-[(4-fluorobenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4-amine, (15.038) 5-fluoro-2-[(4- methylbenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4-amine, (15.039) but-3-yn-1-yl {6-[({[(Z)-(1 -methyl- 1 H-tetrazol-5- yl)(phenyl)methylene]amino}oxy)methyl]pyridin-2-yl}carbamate, (15.040) ethyl (2Z)-3-amino-2-cyano-3- phenylacrylate, (15.041) phenazine-1 -carboxylic acid, (15.042) propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate, (15.043) quinolin-8-ol, (15.044) quinolin-8-ol sulfate (2:1), (15.045) 1-(4,5-dimethyl-1 H-benzimidazol-1- yl)-4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline, (15.046) 1-(5-(fluoromethyl)-6-methyl-pyridin-3- yl)-4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline, (15.047) 1-(5,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)-4,4-difluoro- 3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline, (15.048) 1-(6-(difluoromethyl)-5-methoxy-pyridin-3-yl)-4,4- difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro isoquinoline, (15.049) 1 -(6-(difluoromethyl)-5-methyl-pyridin-3-yl)-4,4- difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro isoquinoline, (15.050) 1 -(6,7-dimethylpyrazolo[1 ,5-a]pyridin-3-yl)-4,4- difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline, (15.051) 2-{2-fluoro-6-[(8-fluoro-2-methylquinolin-3- yl)oxy]phenyl}propan-2-ol, (15.052) 3-(4,4,5-trifluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1-yl)quinoline, (15.053) 3-(4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1 -yl)-8-fluoroquinoline, (15.054) 3-(4,4- difluoro-5,5-dimethyl-4,5-dihydrothieno[2,3-c]pyridin-7-yl)quinoline, (15.055) 3-(5-fluoro-3, 3,4,4- tetramethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1-yl)quinoline, (15.056) 5-bromo-1-(5,6-dimethylpyridin-3-yl)-3,3- dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline, (15.057) 8-fluoro-3-(5-fluoro-3,3,4,4-tetramethyl-3,4- dihydroisoquinolin-1 -yl)-quinoline, (15.058) 8-fluoro-3-(5-fluoro-3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1- yl)-quinoline, (15.059) 8-fluoro-N-(4,4,4-trifluoro-2-methyl-1-phenylbutan-2-yl)quinoline-3-carboxamide, (15.060) 8-fluoro-N-[(2S)-4,4,4-trifluoro-2-methyl-1-phenylbutan-2-yl]quinoline-3-carboxamide, (15.061) 9-fluoro-2,2-dimethyl-5-(quinolin-3-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1 ,4-benzoxazepine, (15.062) N-(2,4-dimethyl-1- phenylpentan-2-yl)-8-fluoroquinoline-3-carboxamide, (15.063) N-[(2S)-2,4-dimethyl-1-phenylpentan-2- yl]-8-fluoroquinoline-3-carboxamide, (15.064) 1 , 1 -diethyl-3-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.065) 1 ,3-dimethoxy-1 -[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.066) 1 -[[3-fluoro-4-(5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl)phenyl]methyl]azepan-2-one, (15.067) 1 -[[4-[5-(trifluoromethy I)- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]phenyl]methyl]piperidin-2-one, (15.068) 1 -methoxy-1 -methyl-3-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.069) 1 -methoxy-3-methyl-1 -[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.070) 1 -methoxy-3-methyl-1 -[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.071) 2,2-difluoro-N-methyl-2-[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]acetamide, (15.072) 3,3-dimethyl-1 -[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]phenyl]methyl]piperidin-2-one, (15.073) 3-ethyl-1 -methoxy-1 -[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol- 3-yl]phenyl]methyl]urea, (15.074) 4,4-dimethyl-1 -[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]phenyl]methyl]pyrrolidin-2-one, (15.075) 4,4-dimethyl-2-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]phenyl]methyl]isoxazolidin-3-one, (15.076) 4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl dimethylcarbamate, (15.077) 5,5-dimethyl-2-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]phenyl]methyl]isoxazolidin-3-one, (15.078) 5-methyl-1-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]phenyl]methyl]pyrrolidin-2-one, (15.079) ethyl 1-{4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzyl}- 1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate, (15.080) methyl {4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]phenyl}carbamate, (15.081) N-(1-methylcyclopropyl)-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]benzamide, (15.082) N-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide, (15.083) N,2-dimethoxy-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide, (15.084) N,N-dimethyl-1-{4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzyl}-1 H-1 ,2,4-triazol-3-amine, (15.085) N-[(E)-methoxyiminomethyl]-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide, (15.086) N-[(E)-N-methoxy-C-methyl-carbonimidoyl]-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 , 2, 4-oxadiazol-3-yl] benzamide, (15.087) N-[(Z)-methoxyiminomethyl]-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide, (15.088) N- [(Z)-N-methoxy-C-methyl-carbonimidoyl]-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 , 2, 4-oxadiazol-3-yl] benzamide, (15.089) N-[[2,3-difluoro-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]-3,3,3-trifluoro- propanamide, (15.090) N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide, (15.091) N-[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide, (15.092) N- {2,3-difluoro-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzyl}butanamide, (15.093) N-{4-[5-
(trifluoromethyl)-l ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzyl}cyclopropanecarboxamide, (15.094) N-{4-[5-
(trifluoromethyl)-l ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl}propanamide, (15.095) N-allyl-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]acetamide, (15.096) N-allyl-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide, (15.097) N-ethyl-2-methyl-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]propanamide, (15.098) N-methoxy-N-[[4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl]phenyl]methyl]cyclopropanecarboxamide, (15.099) N-methyl-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl]benzamide, (15.100) N-methyl-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]benzenecarbothioamide, (15.101) N-methyl-N-phenyl-4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]benzamide.
The compound of formula (I) and the composition may also be combined with one or more biological control agents. Examples of biological control agents which may be combined with the compound of formula (I) and composition comprising thereof are:
As used herein, the term ’’biological control” is defined as control of harmful organisms such as a phytopathogenic fungi and/or insects and/or acarids and/or nematodes by the use or employment of a biological control agent.
As used herein, the term “biological control agent” is defined as an organism other than the harmful organisms and I or proteins or secondary metabolites produced by such an organism for the purpose of biological control. Mutants of the second organism shall be included within the definition of the biological control agent. The term “mutant” refers to a variant of the parental strain as well as methods for obtaining a mutant or variant in which the pesticidal activity is greater than that expressed by the parental strain. The ’’parent strain" is defined herein as the original strain before mutagenesis. To obtain such mutants the parental strain may be treated with a chemical such as N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, ethylmethanesulfone, or by irradiation using gamma, x-ray, or UV-irradiation, or by other means well known to those skilled in the art. Known mechanisms of biological control agents comprise enteric bacteria that control root rot by out-competing fungi for space on the surface of the root. Bacterial toxins, such as antibiotics, have been used to control pathogens. The toxin can be isolated and applied directly to the plant or the bacterial species may be administered so it produces the toxin in situ.
A ’’variant” is a strain having all the identifying characteristics of the NRRL or ATCC Accession Numbers as indicated in this text and can be identified as having a genome that hybridizes under conditions of high stringency to the genome of the NRRL or ATCC Accession Numbers.
“Hybridization” refers to a reaction in which one or more polynucleotides react to form a complex that is stabilized via hydrogen bonding between the bases of the nucleotide residues. The hydrogen bonding may occur by Watson-Crick base pairing, Hoogstein binding, or in any other sequence-specific manner. The complex may comprise two strands forming a duplex structure, three or more strands forming a multi-stranded complex, a single self-hybridizing strand, or any combination of these. Hybridization reactions can be performed under conditions of different “stringency”. In general, a low stringency hybridization reaction is carried out at about 40 °C in 10 X SSC or a solution of equivalent ionic strength/temperature. A moderate stringency hybridization is typically performed at about 50 °C in 6 X SSC, and a high stringency hybridization reaction is generally performed at about 60 °C in 1 X SSC.
A variant of the indicated NRRL or ATCC Accession Number may also be defined as a strain having a genomic sequence that is greater than 85%, more preferably greater than 90% or more preferably greater than 95% sequence identity to the genome of the indicated NRRL or ATCC Accession Number. A polynucleotide or polynucleotide region (or a polypeptide or polypeptide region) has a certain percentage (for example, 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%) of “sequence identity” to another sequence means that, when aligned, that percentage of bases (or amino acids) are the same in comparing the two sequences. This alignment and the percent homology or sequence identity can be determined using software programs known in the art, for example, those described in Current Protocols in Molecular Biology (F. M. Ausubel et al., eds., 1987).
NRRL is the abbreviation for the Agricultural Research Service Culture Collection, an international depositary authority for the purposes of deposing microorganism strains under the Budapest treaty on the international recognition of the deposit of microorganisms for the purposes of patent procedure, having the address National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 North university Street, Peroira, Illinois 61604 USA.
ATCC is the abbreviation for the American Type Culture Collection, an international depositary authority for the purposes of deposing microorganism strains under the Budapest treaty on the international recognition of the deposit of microorganisms for the purposes of patent procedure, having the address ATCC Patent Depository, 10801 University Blvd., Manassas, VA 10110 USA.
Examples of biological control agents which may be combined with the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) are:
(A) Antibacterial agents selected from the group of:
(A1) bacteria, such as (A1.1) Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain QST713/AQ713 (available as SERENADE OPTI or SERENADE ASO from Bayer CropScience LP, US, having NRRL Accession No. B21661 , U.S. Patent No. 6,060,051); (A1.2) Bacillus sp., in particular strain D747 (available as DOUBLE NICKEL® from Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), having Accession No. FERM BP-8234, U.S. Patent No. 7,094,592; (A1.3) Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain BU F-33, having NRRL Accession No. 50185 (available as part of the CARTISSA® product from BASF, EPA Reg. No. 71840-19); (A1.4) Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24 having Accession No. DSM 10271 (available from Novozymes as TAEGRO® or TAEGRO® ECO (EPA Registration No. 70127-5)); (A1.5) a Paenibacillus sp. strain having Accession No. NRRL B-50972 or Accession No. NRRL B-67129, WO 2016/154297; (A1.6) Bacillus subtilis strain BU1814, (available as VELONDIS® PLUS, VELONDIS® FLEX and VELONDIS® EXTRA from BASF SE); (A1 .7) Bacillus mojavensis strain R3B (Accession No. NCAIM (P) B001389) (WO 2013/034938) from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.; (A1 .8) Bacillus subtilis CX-9060 from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.; (A1 .9) Paenibacillus polymyxa, in particular strain AC-1 (e.g. TOPSEED® from Green Biotech Company Ltd.); (A1.10) Pseudomonas proradix (e.g. PRORADIX® from Sourcon Padena); (A1.11) Pantoea agglomerans, in particular strain E325 (Accession No. NRRL B-21856) (available as BLOOMTIME BIOLOGICAL™ FD BIOPESTICIDE from Northwest Agri Products); and
(A2) fungi, such as (A2.1) Aureobasidium pullulans, in particular blastospores of strain DSM14940, blastospores of strain DSM 14941 ormixtures of blastospores of strains DSM14940 and DSM14941 (e.g., BOTECTOR® and BLOSSOM PROTECT®from bio-ferm, CH); (A2.2) Pseudozyma aphidis (as disclosed in WO2011/151819 by Yissum Research Development Company of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem); (A2.3) Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in particular strains CNCM No. I-3936, CNCM No. I- 3937, CNCM No. I-3938 or CNCM No. I-3939 (WO 2010/086790) from Lesaffre et Compagnie, FR;
(B) biological fungicides selected from the group of:
(B1) bacteria, for example (B1.1) Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain QST713/AQ713 (available as SERENADE OPTI or SERENADE ASO from Bayer CropScience LP, US, having NRRL Accession No. B21661 and described in U.S. Patent No. 6,060,051); (B1.2) Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain QST2808 (available as SONATA® from Bayer CropScience LP, US, having Accession No. NRRL B- 30087 and described in U.S. Patent No. 6,245,551); (B1.3) Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain GB34 (available as Yield Shield® from Bayer AG, DE); (B1 .4) Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain BU F-33, having NRRL Accession No. 50185 (available as part of the CARTISSA product from BASF, EPA Reg. No. 71840-19); (B1.5) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, in particular strain D747 (available as Double Nickel™ from Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., having accession number FERM BP-8234, US Patent No. 7,094,592); (B1.6) Bacillus subtilis Y1336 (available as BIOBAC® WP from Bion-Tech, Taiwan, registered as a biological fungicide in Taiwan under Registration Nos. 4764, 5454, 5096 and 5277); (B1.7) Bacillus subtilis strain MBI 600 (available as SUBTILEX from BASF SE), having Accession Number NRRL B-50595, U.S. Patent No. 5,061 ,495; (B1.8) Bacillus subtilis strain GB03 (available as Kodiak® from Bayer AG, DE); (B1.9) Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24 having Accession No. DSM 10271 (available from Novozymes as TAEGRO® or TAEGRO® ECO (EPA Registration No. 70127-5)); (B1.10) Bacillus mycoides, isolate J, having Accession No. B-30890 (available as BMJ TGAI® or WG and LifeGard™ from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.); (B1.11) Bacillus lichen! formis, in particular strain SB3086, having Accession No. ATCC 55406, WO 2003/000051 (available as ECOGUARD® Biofungicide and GREEN RELEAF™ from Novozymes); (B1.12) a Paenibacillus sp. strain having Accession No. NRRL B-50972 or Accession No. NRRL B- 67129, WO 2016/154297; (B1.13) Bacillus subtilis strain BU1814, (available as VELONDIS® PLUS, VELONDIS® FLEX and VELONDIS® EXTRA from BASF SE); (B1.14) Bacillus subtilis CX-9060 from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.; (B1.15) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain F727 (also known as strain MBI110) (NRRL Accession No. B-50768; WO 2014/028521) (STARGUS® from Marrone Bio Innovations); (B1 .16) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain FZB42, Accession No. DSM 23117 (available as RHIZOVITAL® from ABiTEP, DE); (B1.17) Bacillus licheniformis FMCH001 and Bacillus subtilis FMCH002 (QUARTZO® (WG) and PRESENCE® (WP) from FMC Corporation); (B1.18) Bacillus mojavensis strain R3B (Accession No. NCAIM (P) B001389) (WO 2013/034938) from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.; (B1.19) Paenibacillus polymyxa ssp. plantarum (WO 2016/020371) from BASF SE; (B1 .20) Paenibacillus epiphyticus (WO 2016/020371) from BASF SE; (B.1 .21) Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain AFS009, having Accession No. NRRL B-50897, WO 2017/019448 (e.g., HOWLER™ and ZIO® from AgBiome Innovations, US); (B1.22) Pseudomonas chlororaphis, in particular strain MA342 (e.g. CEDOMON®, CERALL®, and CEDRESS® by Bioagri and Koppert); (B1.23) Streptomyces lydicus strain WYEC108 (also known as Streptomyces lydicus strain WYCD108US) (ACTINO-IRON® and ACTI NOVATE® from Novozymes); (B1.24) Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K84 (e.g. GALLTROL- A® from AgBioChem, CA); (B1 .25) Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K1026 (e.g. NOGALL™ from BASF SE); (B1.26) Bacillus subtilis KTSB strain (FOLIACTIVE® from Donaghys); (B1.27) Bacillus subtilis IAB/BS03 (AVIV™ from STK Bio-Ag Technologies); (B1 .28) Bacillus subtilis strain Y1336 (available as BIOBAC® WP from Bion-Tech, Taiwan, registered as a biological fungicide in Taiwan under Registration Nos. 4764, 5454, 5096 and 5277); (B1 .29) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolate B246 (e.g. AVOGREEN™ from University of Pretoria); (B1 .30) Bacillus methylotrophicus strain BAC-9912 (from Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Applied Ecology); (B1.31) Pseudomonas proradix (e.g. PRORADIX® from Sourcon Padena); (B1 .32) Streptomyces griseoviridis strain K61 (also known as Streptomyces galbus strain K61) (Accession No. DSM 7206) (MYCOSTOP® from Verdera; PREFENCE® from BioWorks; cf. Crop Protection 2006, 25, 468-475); (B1 .33) Pseudomonas fluorescens strain A506 (e.g. BLIGHTBAN®
A506 by NuFarm); and
(B2) fungi, for example: (B2.1) Coniothyrium minitans, in particular strain CON/M/91-8 (Accession No. DSM-9660; e.g. Contans ® from Bayer CropScience Biologies GmbH); (B2.2) Metschnikowia fructicola, in particular strain NRRL Y-30752; (B2.3) Microsphaeropsis ochracea; (B2.5) Trichoderma atroviride, in particular strain SC1 (having Accession No. CBS 122089, WO 2009/116106 and U.S. Patent No. 8,431 ,120 (from Bi-PA)), strain 77B (T77 from Andermatt Biocontrol) or strain LU132 (e.g. Sentinel from Agrimm Technologies Limited); (B2.6) Trichoderma harzianum strain T-22 (e.g. Trianum-P from Andermatt Biocontrol or Koppert) or strain Cepa Simb-T5 (from Simbiose Agro); (B2.14) Gliocladium roseum (also known as Clonostachys rosea f. rosea), in particular strain 321 U from Adjuvants Plus, strain ACM941 as disclosed in Xue (Efficacy of Clonostachys rosea strain ACM941 and fungicide seed treatments for controlling the root tot complex of field pea, Can Jour Plant Sci 83(3): 519-524), or strain IK726 (Jensen DF, et al. Development of a biocontrol agent for plant disease control with special emphasis on the near commercial fungal antagonist Clonostachys rosea strain ‘IK726’; Australas Plant Pathol. 2007;36:95-101); (B2.35) Talaromyces flavus, strain V117b; (B2.36) Trichoderma viride, in particular strain B35 (Pietr et al., 1993, Zesz. Nauk. A R w Szczecinie 161 : 125-137); (B2.37) Trichoderma asperellum, in particular strain SKT-1 , having Accession No. FERM P-16510 (e.g. ECOHOPE® from Kumiai Chemical Industry), strain T34 (e.g. T34 Biocontrol by Biocontrol Technologies S.L., ES) or strain ICC 012 from Isagro; (B2.38) Trichoderma atroviride, strain CNCM 1-1237 (e.g. Esquive® WP from Agrauxine, FR); (B2.39) Trichoderma atroviride, strain no. V08/002387; (B2.40) Trichoderma atroviride, strain NMI no. V08/002388; (B2.41) Trichoderma atroviride, strain NMI no. V08/002389; (B2.42) Trichoderma atroviride, strain NMI no. V08/002390; (B2.43) Trichoderma atroviride, strain LC52 (e.g. Tenet by Agrimm Technologies Limited); (B2.44) Trichoderma atroviride, strain ATCC 20476 (IMI 206040); (B2.45) Trichoderma atroviride, strain T11 (IM 13529411 CECT20498); (B2.46) Trichoderma harmatum: (B2.47) Trichoderma harzianum; (B2.48) Trichoderma harzianum rifai T39 (e.g. Trichodex® from Makhteshim, US); (B2.49) Trichoderma asperellum, in particular, strain kd (e.g. T-Gro from Andermatt Biocontrol); (B2.50) Trichoderma harzianum, strain ITEM 908 (e.g. Trianum- P from Koppert); (B2.51) Trichoderma harzianum, strain TH35 (e.g. Root-Pro by Mycontrol); (B2.52) Trichoderma virens (also known as Gliocladium virens), in particular strain GL-21 (e.g. SoilGard by Certis, US); (B2.53) Trichoderma viride, strain TV1 (e.g. Trianum-P by Koppert); (B2.54) Ampelomyces quisqualis, in particular strain AQ 10 (e.g. AQ 10® by IntrachemBio Italia); (B2.56) Aureobasidium pullulans, in particular blastospores of strain DSM14940; (B2.57) Aureobasidium pullulans, in particular blastospores of strain DSM 14941 ; (B2.58) Aureobasidium pullulans, in particular mixtures of blastospores of strains DSM14940 and DSM 14941 (e.g. Botector® by bio-ferm, CH); (B2.64) Cladosporium cladosporioides, strain H39, having Accession No. CBS122244, US 2010/0291039 (by Stichting Dienst Landbouwkundig Onderzoek); (B2.69) Gliocladium catenulatum (Synonym: Clonostachys rosea f. catenulate) strain J1446 (e.g. Prestop ® by Lallemand); (B2.70) Lecanicillium lecanii (formerly known as Verticillium lecanii) conidia of strain KV01 (e.g. Vertalec® by Koppert/Arysta); (B2.71) Penicillium vermiculatunr, (B2.72) Pichia anomala, strain WRL-076 (NRRL Y-30842), U.S. Patent No. 7,579,183; (B2.75) Trichoderma atroviride, strain SKT-1 (FERM P-16510), JP Patent Publication (Kokai) 11-253151 A; (B2.76) Trichoderma atroviride, strain SKT-2 (FERM P-16511), JP Patent Publication (Kokai) 11-253151 A; (B2.77) Trichoderma atroviride, strain SKT-3 (FERM P-17021), JP Patent Publication (Kokai) 11-253151 A; (B2.78) Trichoderma gamsii (formerly T. viride), strain ICC080 (IMI CC 392151 CABI, e.g. BioDerma by AGROBIOSOL DE MEXICO, S.A. DE C.V.); (B2.79) Trichoderma harzianum, strain DB 103 (available as T-GRO® 7456 by Dagutat Biolab); (B2.80) Trichoderma polysporum, strain IMI 206039 (e.g. Binab TF WP by BINAB Bio-Innovation AB, Sweden); (B2.81) Trichoderma stromaticum, having Accession No. Ts3550 (e.g. Tricovab by CEPLAC, Brazil); (B2.83) Ulocladium oudemansii strain U3, having Accession No. NM 99/06216 (e.g., BOTRY-ZEN® by Botry-Zen Ltd, New Zealand and BOTRYSTOP® from BioWorks, Inc.) (B2.84) Verticillium albo-atrum (formerly V. dahliae), strain WCS850 having Accession No. WCS850, deposited at the Central Bureau for Fungi Cultures (e.g., DUTCH TRIG® by Tree Care Innovations); (B2.86) Verticillium chlamydosporium; (B2.87) mixtures of Trichoderma asperellum strain ICC 012 (also known as Trichoderma harzianum ICC012), having Accession No. CABI CC IMI 392716 and Trichoderma gamsii (formerly T. viride) strain ICC 080, having Accession No. IMI 392151 (e.g., BIO-TAM™from Isagro USA, Inc. and BIODERMA® by Agrobiosol de Mexico, S.A. de C.V.); (B2.88) Trichoderma asperelloides JM41 R (Accession No. NRRL B-50759) (TRICHO PLUS® from BASF SE); (B2.89) Aspergillus flavus strain NRRL 21882 (products known as AFLA-GUARD® from Syngenta/ChemChina); (B2.90) Chaetomium cupreum (Accession No. CABI 353812) (e.g. BIOKUPRUM™ by AgriLife); (B2.91) Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in particular strain LASO2 (from Agro-Levures et Derives), strain LAS117 cell walls (CEREVISANE® from Lesaffre; ROMEO® from BASF SE), strains CNCM No. I-3936, CNCM No. I-3937, CNCM No. I-3938, CNCM No. I-3939 (WO 2010/086790) from Lesaffre et Compagnie, FR; (B2.92) Trichoderma virens strain G-41 , formerly known as Gliocladium virens (Accession No. ATCC 20906) (e.g., ROOTSHIELD® PLUS WP and TURFSHIELD® PLUS WP from BioWorks, US); (B2.93) Trichoderma hamatum, having Accession No. ATCC 28012; (B2.94) Ampelomyces quisqualis strain AQ10, having Accession No. CNCM I-807 (e.g., AQ 10® by IntrachemBio Italia); (B2.95) Phlebiopsis gigantea strain VRA 1992 (ROTSTOP® C from Danstar Ferment); (B2.96) Penicillium steckii (DSM 27859; WO 2015/067800) from BASF SE; (B2.97) Chaetomium globosum (available as RIVADIOM® by Rivale); (B2.98) Cryptococcus flavescens, strain 3C (NRRL Y-50378); (B2.99) Dactylaria Candida (B2.100) Dilophosphora alopecuri (available as TWIST FUNGUS®); (B2.101) Fusarium oxysporum, strain Fo47 (available as FUSACLEAN® by Natural Plant Protection); (B2.102) Pseudozyma flocculosa, strain PF-A22 UL (available as SPORODEX® L by Plant Products Co., CA); (B2.103) Trichoderma gamsii (formerly T. viride), strain ICC 080 (IMI CC 392151 CABI) (available as BIODERMA® by AGROBIOSOL DE MEXICO, S.A. DE C.V.); (B2.104) Trichoderma fertile (e.g. product TrichoPlus from BASF); (B2.105) Muscodor roseus, in particular strain A3-5 (Accession No. NRRL 30548); (B2.106) Simplicillium lanosoniveum; biological control agents having an effect for improving plant growth and/or plant health which may be combined in the compound combinations according to the invention including
(C1) bacteria selected from the group consisting of Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain QST2808 (having Accession No. NRRL No. B-30087); Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain QST713/AQ713 (having NRRL Accession No. B-21661and described in U.S. Patent No. 6,060,051 ; available as SERENADE® OPTI or SERENADE® ASO from Bayer CropScience LP, US); Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain AQ30002 (having Accession Nos. NRRL B-50421 and described in U.S. Patent Application No. 13/330,576); Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain AQ30004 (and NRRL B-50455 and described in U.S. Patent Application No. 13/330,576); Sinorhizobium meliloti strain NRG-185-1 (NITRAGIN® GOLD from Bayer CropScience); Bacillus subtilis strain BU1814, (available as TEQUALIS® from BASF SE); Bacillus subtilis rm303 (RHIZOMAX® from Biofilm Crop Protection); Bacillus amyloliquefaciens pm414 (LOLI- PEPTA® from Biofilm Crop Protection); Bacillus mycoides BT155 (NRRL No. B-50921), Bacillus mycoides EE118 (NRRL No. B-50918), Bacillus mycoides EE141 (NRRL No. B-50916), Bacillus mycoides BT46-3 (NRRL No. B-50922), Bacillus cereus family member EE128 (NRRL No. B-50917), Bacillus thuringiensis BT013A (NRRL No. B-50924) also known as Bacillus thuringiensis 4Q7, Bacillus cereus family member EE349 (NRRL No. B-50928), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SB3281 (ATCC # PTA- 7542; WO 2017/205258), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TJ1000 (available as QUIKROOTS® from Novozymes); Bacillus firmus, in particular strain CNMC 1-1582 (e.g. VOTIVO® from BASF SE); Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain GB34 (e.g. YIELD SHIELD® from Bayer Crop Science, DE); Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, in particular strain IN937a; Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, in particular strain FZB42 (e.g. RHIZOVITAL®from ABiTEP, DE); Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BS27 (Accession No. NRRL B-5015); a mixture of Bacillus licheniformis FMCH001 and Bacillus subtilis FMCH002 (available as QUARTZO® (WG), PRESENCE® (WP) from FMC Corporation); Bacillus cereus, in particular strain BP01 (ATCC 55675; e.g. MEPICHLOR® from Arysta Lifescience, US); Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain MBI 600 (e.g. SUBTILEX® from BASF SE); Bradyrhizobium japonicum (e.g. OPTIMIZE® from Novozymes); Mesorhizobium cicer (e.g., NODULATOR from BASF SE); Rhizobium leguminosarium biovar viciae (e.g., NODULATOR from BASF SE); Delftia acidovorans, in particular strain RAY209 (e.g. BIOBOOST® from Brett Young Seeds); Lactobacillus sp. (e.g. LACTOPLANT® from LactoPAFI); Paenibacillus polymyxa, in particular strain AC-1 (e.g. TOPSEED® from Green Biotech Company Ltd.); Pseudomonas proradix (e.g. PRORADIX® from Sourcon Padena); Azospirillum brasilense (e.g., VIGOR® from KALO, Inc.); Azospirillum lipoferum (e.g., VERTEX-IF™ from TerraMax, Inc.); a mixture of Azotobacter vinelandii and Clostridium pasteurianum (available as INVIGORATE® from Agrinos); Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in particular strain PN1 ; Rhizobium leguminosarum, in particular bv. viceae strain Z25 (Accession No. CECT 4585); Azorhizobium caulinodans, in particular strain ZB-SK-5; Azotobacter chroococcum, in particular strain H23; Azotobacter vinelandii, in particular strain ATCC 12837; Bacillus siamensis, in particular strain KCTC 13613T; Bacillus tequilensis, in particular strain NII-0943; Serratia marcescens, in particular strain SRM (Accession No. MTCC 8708); Thiobacillus sp. (e.g. CROPAID® from Cropaid Ltd UK); and (C2) fungi selected from the group consisting of Purpureocillium lilacinum (previously known as Paecilomyces lilacinus) strain 251 (AGAL 89/030550; e.g. BioAct from Bayer CropScience Biologies GmbH)Penicillium bilaii, strain ATCC 22348 (e.g. Jumpstart® from Acceleron BioAg), Talaromyces flavus, strain V117b; Trichoderma atroviride strain CNCM 1-1237 (e.g. Esquive® WP from Agrauxine, FR), Trichoderma viride, e.g. strain B35 (Pietr et al., 1993, Zesz. Nauk. A R w Szczecinie 161 : 125-137); Trichoderma atroviride strain LC52 (also known as Trichoderma atroviride strain LU132; e.g. Sentinel from Agrimm Technologies Limited); Trichoderma atroviride strain SC1 described in International Application No. PCT/IT2008/000196); Trichoderma asperellum strain kd (e.g. T-Gro from Andermatt Biocontrol); Trichoderma asperellum strain Eco-T (Plant Health Products, ZA); Trichoderma harzianum strain T-22 (e.g. Trianum-P from Andermatt Biocontrol or Koppert); Myrothecium verrucaria strain AARC-0255 (e.g. DiTera™ from Valent Biosciences); Penicillium bilaii strain ATCC ATCC20851 ; Pythium oligandrum strain M1 (ATCC 38472; e.g. Polyversum from Bioprepraty, CZ); Trichoderma virens strain GL-21 (e.g. SoilGard® from Certis, USA); Verticillium albo-atrum (formerly V. dahliae) strain WCS850 (CBS 276.92; e.g. Dutch Trig from Tree Care Innovations); Trichoderma atroviride, in particular strain no. V08/002387, strain no. NMI No. V08/002388, strain no. NMI No. V08/002389, strain no. NMI No. V08/002390; Trichoderma harzianum strain ITEM 908; Trichoderma harzianum, strain TSTh20; Trichoderma harzianum strain 1295-22; Pythium oligandrum strain DV74; Rhizopogon amylopogon (e.g. comprised in Myco-Sol from Helena Chemical Company); Rhizopogon fulvigleba (e.g. comprised in Myco-Sol from Helena Chemical Company); and Trichoderma virens strain GI-3; insecticidally active biological control agents selected from
(D1) bacteria selected from the group consisting of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, in particular strain ABTS-1857 (SD-1372; e.g. XENTARI® from Valent BioSciences); Bacillus mycoides, isolate J. (e.g. BmJ from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.); Bacillus sphaericus, in particular Serotype H5a5b strain 2362 (strain ABTS-1743) (e.g. VECTOLEX® from Valent BioSciences, US); Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain BMP 123 from Becker Microbial Products, IL; Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, in particular serotype H-7 (e.g. FLORBAC® WG from Valent BioSciences, US); Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain HD-1 (e.g. DIPEL® ES from Valent BioSciences, US); Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain BMP 123 by Becker Microbial Products, IL; Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis strain BMP 144 (e.g. AQUABAC® by Becker Microbial Products IL); Burkholderia spp., in particular Burkholderia rinojensis strain A396 (also known as Burkholderia rinojensis strain MBI 305) (Accession No. NRRL B-50319; WO 2011/106491 and WO 2013/032693; e.g. MBI-206 TGAI and ZELTO® from Marrone Bio Innovations); Chromobacterium subtsugae, in particular strain PRAA4-1T (MBI-203; e.g. GRANDEVO® from Marrone Bio Innovations); Paenibacillus popilliae (formerly Bacillus popilliae; e.g. MILKY SPORE POWDER™ and MILKY SPORE GRANULAR™ from St. Gabriel Laboratories); Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (serotype H-14) strain AM65-52 (Accession No. ATCC 1276) (e.g. VECTOBAC® by Valent BioSciences, US); Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki strain EVB-113-19 (e.g., BIOPROTEC® from AEF Global); Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis strain NB 176 (SD-5428; e.g. NOVODOR® FC from BioFa DE); Bacillus thuringiensis var. japonensis strain Buibui; Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain ABTS 351 ; Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain PB 54; Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain SA 11 ; Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain SA 12; Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain EG 2348; Bacillus thuringiensis var. Colmeri (e.g. TIANBAOBTC by Changzhou Jianghai Chemical Factory); Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai strain GC-91 ; Serratia entomophila (e.g. INVADE® by Wrightson Seeds); Serratia marcescens, in particular strain SRM (Accession No. MTCC 8708); and Wolbachia pipientis ZAP strain (e.g., ZAP MALES® from MosquitoMate); and
(D2) fungi selected from the group consisting of Isaria fumosorosea (previously known as Paecilomyces fumosoroseus) strain apopka 97; Beauveria bassiana strain ATCC 74040 (e.g. NATURALIS® from Intrachem Bio Italia); Beauveria bassiana strain GHA (Accession No. ATCC74250; e.g. BOTANIGUARD® ES and MYCONTROL-O® from Laverlam International Corporation); Zoophtora radicans; Metarhizium robertsii 15013-1 (deposited under NRRL accession number 67073), Metarhizium robertsii 23013-3 (deposited under NRRL accession number 67075), and Metarhizium anisopliae 3213-1 (deposited under NRRL accession number 67074) (WO 2017/066094; Pioneer Hi- Bred International); Beauveria bassiana strain ATP02 (Accession No. DSM 24665). Among these, Isaria fumosorosea (previously known as Paecilomyces fumosoroseus) strain apopka 97 is particularly preferred;
(E) viruses selected from the group consisting of Adoxophyes orana (summer fruit tortrix) granulosis virus (GV), Cydia pomonella (codling moth) granulosis virus (GV), Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm) nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV), Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm) mNPV, Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) mNPV, and Spodoptera littoralis (African cotton leafworm) NPV;
(F) bacteria and fungi which can be added as 'inoculant' to plants or plant parts or plant organs and which, by virtue of their particular properties, promote plant growth and plant health. Examples are: Agrobacterium spp., Azorhizobium caulinodans, Azospirillum spp., Azotobacter spp., Bradyrhizobium spp., Burkholderia spp., in particular Burkholderia cepacia (formerly known as Pseudomonas cepacia), Gigaspora spp., or Gigaspora monosporum, Glomus spp., Laccaria spp., Lactobacillus buchneri, Paraglomus spp., Pisolithus tinctorus, Pseudomonas spp., Rhizobium spp., in particular Rhizobium trifolii, Rhizopogon spp., Scleroderma spp., Suillus spp., and Streptomyces spp.; and
(G) plant extracts and products formed by microorganisms including proteins and secondary metabolites which can be used as biological control agents, such as Allium sativum, Artemisia absinthium, azadirachtin, Biokeeper WP, Cassia nigricans, Celastrus angulatus, Chenopodium anthelminticum, chitin, Armour-Zen, Dryopteris filix-mas, Equisetum arvense, Fortune Aza, Fungastop, Heads Up (Chenopodium quinoa saponin extract), Pyrethrum/Pyrethrins, Quassia amara, Quercus, Quillaja, Regalia, "Requiem ™ Insecticide", rotenone, ryan/a/ryanodine, Symphytum officinale, Tanacetum vulgare, thymol, Triact 70, TriCon, Tropaeulum majus, Urtica dioica, Veratrin, Viscum album, Brassicaceae extract, in particular oilseed rape powder or mustard powder, as well as bioinsecticidal / acaricidal active substances obtained from olive oil, in particular unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients, such as, for example, contained in the product with the trade name FLiPPER®.
The compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) be combined with one or more active ingredients selected from insecticides, acaricides and nematicides.
“Insecticides” as well as the term “insecticidal” refers to the ability of a substance to increase mortality or inhibit growth rate of insects. As used herein, the term “insects” comprises all organisms in the class “Insecta”.
“Nematicide” and “nematicidal” refers to the ability of a substance to increase mortality or inhibit the growth rate of nematodes. In general, the term “nematode” comprises eggs, larvae, juvenile and mature forms of said organism.
“Acaricide” and “acaricidal” refers to the ability of a substance to increase mortality or inhibit growth rate of ectoparasites belonging to the class Arachnida, sub-class Acari.
Examples of insecticides, acaricides and nematicides, respectively, which could be mixed with the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (l)are:
(1) Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, such as, for example, carbamates, for example alanycarb, aldicarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, triazamate, trimethacarb, XMC and xylylcarb; or organophosphates, for example acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethyl, azinphos-methyl, cadusafos, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, coumaphos, cyanophos, demeton- S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos/DDVP, dicrotophos, dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, disulfoton, EPN, ethion, ethoprophos, famphur, fenamiphos, fenitrothion, fenthion, fosthiazate, heptenophos, imicyafos, isofenphos, isopropyl O-(methoxyaminothiophosphoryl) salicylate, isoxathion, malathion, mecarbam, methamidophos, methidathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, naled, omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl, parathion-methyl, phenthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, phoxim, pirimiphos- methyl, profenofos, propetamphos, prothiofos, pyraclofos, pyridaphenthion, quinalphos, sulfotep, tebupirimfos, temephos, terbufos, tetrachlorvinphos, thiometon, triazophos, triclorfon and vamidothion.
(2) GABA-gated chloride channel blockers, such as, for example, cyclodiene-organochlorines, for example chlordane and endosulfan or phenylpyrazoles (fiproles), for example ethiprole and fipronil.
(3) Sodium channel modulators, such as, for example, pyrethroids, e.g. acrinathrin, allethrin, d-cis-trans allethrin, d-trans allethrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin s-cyclopentenyl isomer, bioresmethrin, cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin [(1 R)-trans-isomer], deltamethrin, empenthrin [(EZ)-(1 R)-isomer], esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, flucythrinate, flumethrin, tau-fluvalinate, halfenprox, imiprothrin, kadethrin, momfluorothrin, permethrin, phenothrin [(1 R)-trans-isomer], prallethrin, pyrethrins (pyrethrum), resmethrin, silafluofen, tefluthrin, tetramethrin, tetramethrin [(1 R)- isomer)], tralomethrin and transfluth rin or DDT or methoxychlor.
(4) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators, such as, for example, neonicotinoids, e.g. acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam or nicotine or sulfoxaflor or flupyradifurone.
(5) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators, such as, for example, spinosyns, e.g. spinetoram and spinosad.
(6) Glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCI) allosteric modulators, such as, for example, avermectins/milbemycins, for example abamectin, emamectin benzoate, lepimectin and milbemectin.
(7) Juvenile hormone mimics, such as, for example, juvenile hormone analogues, e.g. hydroprene, kinoprene and methoprene or fenoxycarb or pyriproxyfen.
(8) Miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors, such as, for example, alkyl halides, e.g. methyl bromide and other alkyl halides; or chloropicrine or sulfuryl fluoride or borax or tartar emetic or methyl isocyanate generators, e.g. diazomet and metam.
(9) Modulators of Chordotonal Organs, such as, for example pymetrozine or flonicamid.
(10) Mite growth inhibitors, such as, for example clofentezine, hexythiazox and diflovidazin or etoxazole.
(11) Microbial disruptors of the insect gut membrane, such as, for example Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tenebrionis, and B.t. plant proteins: CrylAb, CrylAc, Cryl Fa, Cry1A.1 O5, Cry2Ab, Vip3A, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb, Cry34Ab1/35Ab1 .
(12) Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase, such as, ATP disruptors such as, for example, diafenthiuron or organotin compounds, for example azocyclotin, cyhexatin and fenbutatin oxide or propargite or tetradifon.
(13) Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of the proton gradient, such as, for example, chlorfenapyr, DNOC and sulfluramid.
(14) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers, such as, for example, bensultap, cartap hydrochloride, thiocylam, and thiosultap-sodium. (15) Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 0, such as, for example, bistrifluron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron and triflumuron.
(16) Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 1 , for example buprofezin.
(17) Moulting disruptor (in particular for Diptera, i.e. dipterans), such as, for example, cyromazine.
(18) Ecdysone receptor agonists, such as, for example, chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide.
(19) Octopamine receptor agonists, such as, for example, amitraz.
(20) Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors, such as, for example, hydramethylnone or acequinocyl or fluacrypyrim.
(21) Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors, such as, for example from the group of the METI acaricides, e.g. fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad and tolfenpyrad or rotenone (Derris).
(22) Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, such as, for example indoxacarb or metaflumizone.
(23) Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase, such as, for example, tetronic and tetramic acid derivatives, e.g. spirodiclofen, spiromesifen and spirotetramat.
(24) Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors, such as, for example, phosphines, e.g. aluminium phosphide, calcium phosphide, phosphine and zinc phosphide or cyanides, e.g. calcium cyanide, potassium cyanide and sodium cyanide.
(25) Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors, such as, for example, beta-ketonitrile derivatives, e.g. cyenopyrafen and cyflumetofen and carboxanilides, such as, for example, pyflubumide.
(28) Ryanodine receptor modulators, such as, for example, diamides, e.g. chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole and flubendiamide, further active compounds such as, for example, Afidopyropen, Afoxolaner, Azadirachtin, Benclothiaz, Benzoximate, Bifenazate, Broflanilide, Bromopropylate, Chinomethionat, Chloroprallethrin, Cryolite, Cyclaniliprole, Cycloxaprid, Cyhalodiamide, Dicloromezotiaz, Dicofol, epsilon-Metofluthrin, epsilon- Momfluthrin, Flometoquin, Fluazaindolizine, Fluensulfone, Flufenerim, Flufenoxystrobin, Flufiprole, Fluhexafon, Fluopyram, Fluralaner, Fluxametamide, Fufenozide, Guadipyr, Heptafluthrin, Imidaclothiz, Iprodione, kappa-Bifenthrin, kappa-Tefluthrin, Lotilaner, Meperfluthrin, Paichongding, Pyridalyl, Pyrifluquinazon, Pyriminostrobin, Spirobudiclofen, Tetramethylfluthrin, Tetraniliprole, Tetrachlorantraniliprole, Tigolaner, Tioxazafen, Thiofluoximate, Triflumezopyrim and iodomethane; furthermore preparations based on Bacillus firmus (1-1582, BioNeem, Votivo), and also the following compounds: 1-{2-fluoro-4-methyl-5-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfinyl]phenyl}-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-1 ,2,4- triazole-5-amine (known from W02006/043635) (CAS 885026-50-6), {1 '-[(2E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)prop- 2-en-1 -y l]-5-fluorospiro [ind o I-3 , 4'-pipe rid in]- 1 (2H)-yl}(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)methanone (known from W02003/106457) (CAS 637360-23-7), 2-chloro-N-[2-{1-[(2E)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-en-1- yl]piperidin-4-yl}-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]isonicotinamide (known from W02006/003494) (CAS 872999-66-1), 3-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4-hydroxy-8-methoxy-1 ,8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2- one (known from WO 2010052161) (CAS 1225292-17-0), 3-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-
2-oxo-1 ,8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-4-yl ethyl carbonate (known from EP2647626) (CAS 1440516-42-6), 4-(but-2-yn-1 -yloxy)-6-(3,5-dimethylpiperidin-1 -yl)-5-fluoropyrimidine (known from W02004/099160) (CAS 792914-58-0), PF1364 (known from JP2010/018586) (CAS 1204776-60-2), N-[(2E)-1-[(6- chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]pyridin-2(1 H)-ylidene]-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide (known from WO2012/029672) (CAS 1363400-41-2), (3E)-3-[1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-2-pyridylidene]-1 ,1 ,1-trifluoro-propan-2-one (known from WO2013/144213) (CAS 1461743-15-6), A/-[3-(benzylcarbamoyl)-4-chlorophenyl]-1- methyl-3-(pentafluoroethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H -pyrazole-5-carboxamide (known from WO2010/051926) (CAS 1226889-14-0), 5-bromo-4-chloro-/V-[4-chloro-2-methyl-6- (methylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide (known from CN103232431) (CAS 1449220-44-3), 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-2-methyl- A/-(c/s-1-oxido-3-thietanyl)-benzamide, 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3- isoxazolyl]-2-methyl-A/-(trans-1-oxido-3-thietanyl)-benzamide and 4-[(5S)-5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-4,5- dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)-3-isoxazolyl]-2-methyl-A/-(c/s-1-oxido-3-thietanyl)benzamide (known from WO 2013/050317 A1) (CAS 1332628-83-7), N-[3-chloro-1 -(3-pyridinyl)-1 H-pyrazol-4-yl]-/V-ethyl-3-[(3,3,
3-trifluoropropyl)sulfinyl]-propanamide, (+)-N -[3-chloro-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1 /7-pyrazol-4-yl]-A/-ethyl-3-[(3,3,
3-trifluoropropyl)sulfinyl]-propanamide and (-)- N-[3-ch Io ro- 1 - (3-py rid i ny I)- 1 /7-pyrazol-4-yl]-A/-ethyl-3-[(3, 3,3-trifluoropropyl)sulfinyl]-propanamide (known from WO 2013/162715 A2, WO 2013/162716 A2, US 2014/0213448 A1) (CAS 1477923-37-7), 5-[[(2E)-3-chloro-2-propen-1-yl]amino]-1-[2,6-dichloro-4- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1 /7-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (known from CN 101337937 A) (CAS 1105672-77-2), 3-bromo-N -[4-chloro-2-methyl-6-[(methylamino)thioxomethyl] phenyl]-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1 H -pyrazole-5-carboxamide, (Liudaibenjiaxuanan, known from CN 103109816 A) (CAS 1232543-85-9); N -[4-chloro-2-[[(1 ,1-dimethylethyl)amino]carbonyl]-6- methylphenyl]-1 -(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-3-(fluoromethoxy)-1 H -Pyrazole-5-carboxamide (known from WO 2012/034403 A1) (CAS 1268277-22-0), N -[2-(5-amino-1 ,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-4-chloro-6- methylphenyl]-3-bromo-1 -(3-ch Io ro-2- py rid iny I)- 1 /7-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (known from
WO 2011/085575 A1) (CAS 1233882-22-8), 4-[3-[2,6-dichloro-4-[(3,3-dichloro-2-propen-1-yl)oxy] phenoxy]propoxy]-2-methoxy-6-(trifluoromethyl)-pyrimidine (known from CN 101337940 A) (CAS 1108184-52-6); (2E)- and 2(Z)-2-[2-(4-cyanophenyl)-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene]-A/-[4- (difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-hydrazinecarboxamide (known from CN 101715774 A) (CAS 1232543-85-9); 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-4-(1 H -benzimidazol-2-yl)phenyl-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid ester (known from CN 103524422 A) (CAS 1542271-46-4); (4aS)-7-chloro-2,5-dihydro-2-[[(methoxycarbonyl) [4-[(trifluoromethyl)thio]phenyl]amino]carbonyl]-indeno[1 ,2-e][1 ,3,4]oxadiazine-4a(3/7)-carboxylic acid methyl ester (known from CN 102391261 A) (CAS 1370358-69-2); 6-deoxy-3-0-ethyl-2,4-di-0-methyl-, 1 -[ A/-[4- [1 -[4-(1 , 1 ,2,2,2-pentafluoroethoxy)phenyl]-1 /7-1 ,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenyl]carbamate]-a-L- mannopyranose (known from US 2014/0275503 A1) (CAS 1 181213-14-8); 8-(2-cyclopropylmethoxy-4- trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-3-(6-trifluoromethyl-pyridazin-3-yl)-3-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1 ]octane (CAS 1253850- 56-4), (8-anti)-8-(2-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-3-(6-trifluoromethyl-pyridazin-3-yl)-
3-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1 ]octane (CAS 933798-27-7), (8-syn)-8-(2-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl- phenoxy)-3-(6-trifluoromethyl-pyridazin-3-yl)-3-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane (known from WO 2007040280 A1 , WO 2007040282 A1) (CAS 934001-66-8), N-[3-chloro-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1 H-pyrazol-
4-yl]-N-ethyl-3-[(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)thio]-propanamide (known from WO 2015/058021 A1 , WO
2015/058028 A1) (CAS 1477919-27-9) and N-[4-(aminothioxomethyl)-2-methyl-6-
[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-3-bromo-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridinyl)-1 H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (known from CN 103265527 A) (CAS 1452877-50-7), 5-(1 ,3-dioxan-2-yl)-4-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methoxy] -pyrimidine (known from WO 2013/115391 A1) (CAS 1449021-97-9), 3-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)- 4-hydroxy-8-methoxy-1-methyl-1 ,8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one (known from WO 2010/066780 A1 , WO 2011/151146 A1) (CAS 1229023-34-0), 3-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-1-methyl-1 ,8- diazaspiro[4.5]decane-2, 4-dione (known from WO 2014/187846 A1) (CAS 1638765-58-8), 3-(4-chloro- 2,6-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-1 -methyl-2-oxo-1 ,8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-4-yl-carbonic acid ethyl ester (known from WO 2010/066780 A1 , WO 2011151146 A1) (CAS 1229023-00-0), N-[1-[(6-chloro-3- pyridinyl)methyl]-2(1 H)-pyridinylidene]-2,2,2-trifluoro-acetamide (known from DE 3639877 A1 , WO 2012029672 A1) (CAS 1363400-41-2), [N(E)]-N-[1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-2(1 H)-pyridinylidene]- 2,2,2-trifluoro-acetamide, (known from WO 2016005276 A1) (CAS 1689566-03-7), [N(Z)]-N-[1-[(6- chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-2(1 H)-pyridinylidene]-2,2,2-trifluoro-acetamide, (CAS 1702305-40-5), 3- encto-3-[2-propoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-9-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-pyridinyl]oxy]-9- azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (known from WO 2011/105506 A1 , WO 2016/133011 A1) (CAS 1332838-17- 1).
Examples of herbicides which could be mixed with the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (l)are:
Acetochlor, acifluorfen, acifluorfen-sodium, aclonifen, alachlor, allidochlor, alloxydim, alloxydim-sodium, ametryn, amicarbazone, amidochlor, amidosulfuron, 4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluoro-6-(7-fluoro-1 H-indol-6- yl)pyridine-2-carboxylic acid, aminocyclopyrachlor, aminocyclopyrachlor-potassium, aminocyclopyrachlor-methyl, aminopyralid, amitrole, ammoniumsulfamate, anilofos, asulam, atrazine, azafenidin, azimsulfuron, beflubutamid, benazolin, benazolin-ethyl, benfluralin, benfuresate, bensulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, bensulide, bentazone, benzobicyclon, benzofenap, bicyclopyron, bifenox, bilanafos, bilanafos-sodium, bispyribac, bispyribac-sodium, bixlozone, bromacil, bromobutide, bromofenoxim, bromoxynil, bromoxynil-butyrate, -potassium, -heptanoate, and -octanoate, busoxinone, butachlor, butafenacil, butamifos, butenachlor, butralin, butroxydim, butylate, cafenstrole, carbetamide, carfentrazone, carfentrazone-ethyl, chloramben, chlorbromuron, 1-{2-chloro-3-[(3-cyclopropyl-5- hydroxy-1 -methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-yl)carbonyl]-6-(trifluormethyl)phenyl}piperidin-2-on, 4-{2-chloro-3-[(3,5- dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-1-yl)methyl]-4-(methylsulfonyl)benzoyl}-1 ,3-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-5-yl-1 ,3- dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxylat, chlorfenac, chlorfenac-sodium, chlorfenprop, chlorflurenol, chlorflurenol-methyl, chloridazon, chlorimuron, chlorimuron-ethyl, 2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)-3- (morpholin-4-ylmethyl)benzoyl]-3-hydroxycyclohex-2-en-1-on, 4-{2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)-3-[(2,2,2- trifluorethoxy)methyl]benzoyl}-1-ethyl-1 H-pyrazol-5-yl-1 ,3-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxylat, chlorophthalim, chlorotoluron, chlorthal-dimethyl, 3-[5-chloro-4-(trifluormethyl)pyridine-2-yl]-4-hydroxy- 1-methylimidazolidine-2-on, chlorsulfuron, cinidon, cinidon-ethyl, cinmethylin, cinosulfuron, clacyfos, clethodim, clodinafop, clodinafop-propargyl, clomazone, clomeprop, clopyralid, cloransulam, cloransulam-methyl, cumyluron, cyanamide, cyanazine, cycloate, cyclopyranil, cyclopyrimorate, cyclosulfamuron, cycloxydim, cyhalofop, cyhalofop-butyl, cyprazine, 2,4-D, 2,4-D-butotyl, -butyl, - dimethylammonium, -diolamin, -ethyl, -2-ethylhexyl, -isobutyl, -isooctyl, -isopropylammonium, - potassium, -triisopropanolammonium, and -trolamine, 2,4-DB, 2,4-DB-butyl, -dimethylammonium, - isooctyl, -potassium, and -sodium, daimuron (dymron), dalapon, dazomet, n-decanol, desmedipham, detosyl-pyrazolate (DTP), dicamba, dichlobenil, dichlorprop, dichlorprop-P, diclofop, diclofop-methyl, diclofop-P-methyl, diclosulam, difenzoquat, diflufenican, diflufenzopyr, diflufenzopyr-sodium, dimefuron, dimepiperate, dimethachlor, dimethametryn, dimethenamid, dimethenamid-P, 3-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-6- [(2-hydroxy-6-oxocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)carbonyl]-1-methylchinazolin-2,4(1 H,3H)-dion, 1 ,3-dimethyl-4-[2- (methylsulfonyl)-4-(trifluormethyl)benzoyl]-1 H-pyrazol-5-yl-1 ,3-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-carboxylat, dimetrasulfuron, dinitramine, dinoterb, diphenamid, diquat, diquat-dibromid, dithiopyr, diuron, DMPA, DNOC, endothal, EPTC, esprocarb, ethalfluralin, ethametsulfuron, ethametsulfuron-methyl, ethiozin, ethofumesate, ethoxyfen, ethoxyfen-ethyl, ethoxysulfuron, etobenzanid, ethyl-[(3-{2-chloro-4-fluoro-5- [3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluormethyl)-3,6-dihydropyrimidin-1 (2H)-yl]phenoxy}pyridin-2-yl)oxy]acetat, F- 9960, F-5231 , i.e. N-{2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-[4-(3-fluoropropyl)-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1 H-tetrazol-1- yl]phenyl}ethanesulfonamide, F-7967, i. e. 3-[7-chloro-5-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-benzimidazol-4- yl]-1-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1 H,3H)-dione, fenoxaprop, fenoxaprop-P, fenoxaprop- ethyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, fenoxasulfone, fenquinotrione, fentrazamide, flamprop, flamprop-M- isopropyl, flamprop-M-methyl, flazasulfuron, florasulam, fluazifop, fluazifop-P, fluazifop-butyl, fluazifop- P-butyl, flucarbazone, flucarbazone-sodium, flucetosulfuron, fluchloralin, flufenacet, flufenpyr, flufenpyr- ethyl, flumetsulam, flumiclorac, flumiclorac-pentyl, flumioxazin, fluometuron, flurenol, flurenol-butyl, - dimethylammonium and -methyl, fluoroglycofen, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, flupropanate, flupyrsulfuron, flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium, fluridone, flurochloridone, fluroxypyr, fluroxypyr-meptyl, flurtamone, fluthiacet, fluthiacet-methyl, fomesafen, fomesafen-sodium, foramsulfuron, fosamine, glufosinate, glufosinate-ammonium, glufosinate-P-sodium, glufosinate-P-ammonium, glufosinate-P-sodium, glyphosate, glyphosate-ammonium, -isopropylammonium, -diammonium, -dimethylammonium, - potassium, -sodium, and -trimesium, H-9201 , i.e. 0-(2,4-dimethyl-6-nitrophenyl) O-ethyl isopropylphosphoramidothioate, halauxifen, halauxifen-methyl .halosafen, halosulfuron, halosulfuron- methyl, haloxyfop, haloxyfop-P, haloxyfop-ethoxyethyl, haloxyfop-P-ethoxyethyl, haloxyfop-methyl, haloxyfop-P-methyl, hexazinone, HW-02, i.e. 1 -(dimethoxyphosphoryl) ethyl-(2,4- dichlorophenoxy)acetate, 4-hydroxy-1-methoxy-5-methyl-3-[4-(trifluormethyl)pyridine-2- yl]imidazolidine-2-on, 4-hydroxy-1-methyl-3-[4-(trifluormethyl)pyridine-2-yl]imidazolidine-2-on, (5- hydroxy-1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-yl)(3,3,4-trimethyl-1 ,1-dioxido-2,3-dihydro-1-benzothiophen-5- yl)methanon, 6-[(2-hydroxy-6-oxocyclohex-1-en-1-yl)carbonyl]-1 ,5-dimethyl-3-(2- methylphenyl)chinazolin-2,4(1 H,3H)-dion, imazamethabenz, imazamethabenz-methyl, imazamox, imazamox-ammonium, imazapic, imazapic-ammonium, imazapyr, imazapyr-isopropylammonium, imazaquin, imazaquin-ammonium, imazethapyr, imazethapyr-immonium, imazosulfuron, indanofan, indaziflam, iodosulfuron, iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium, ioxynil, ioxynil-octanoate, -potassium and -sodium, ipfencarbazone, isoproturon, isouron, isoxaben, isoxaflutole, karbutilate, KUH-043, i.e. 3- ({[5-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1 H-pyrazol-4-yl]methyl}sulfonyl)-5,5-dimethyl-4,5- dihydro-1 ,2-oxazole, ketospiradox, lactofen, lenacil, linuron, MCPA, MCPA-butotyl, dimethylammonium, -2-ethylhexyl, -isopropylammonium, -potassium, and -sodium, MCPB, MCPB- methyl, -ethy,l and -sodium, mecoprop, mecoprop-sodium, and -butotyl, mecoprop-P, mecoprop-P- butotyl, -dimethylammonium, -2-ethylhexyl, and -potassium, mefenacet, mefluidide, mesosulfuron, mesosulfuron-methyl, mesotrione, methabenzthiazuron, metam, metamifop, metamitron, metazachlor, metazosulfuron, methabenzthiazuron, methiopyrsulfuron, methiozolin, 2-({2-[(2- methoxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(trifluormethyl)pyridin-3-yl}carbonyl)cyclohexan-1 ,3-dion, methyl isothiocyanate, 1-methyl-4-[(3,3,4-trimethyl-1 ,1-dioxido-2,3-dihydro-1-benzothiophen-5-yl)carbonyl]- 1 H-pyrazol-5-ylpropan-1-sulfonat, metobromuron, metolachlor, S-metolachlor, metosulam, metoxuron, metribuzin, metsulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, molinat, monolinuron, monosulfuron, monosulfuron-ester, MT-5950, i.e. N-(3-chloro-4-isopropylphenyl)-2-methylpentan amide, NGGC-011 , napropamide, NC- 310, i.e. [5-(benzyloxy)-1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-4-yl](2,4-dichlorophenyl)methanone, neburon, nicosulfuron, nonanoic acid (pelargonic acid), norflurazon, oleic acid (fatty acids), orbencarb, orthosulfamuron, oryzalin, oxadiargyl, oxadiazon, oxasulfuron, oxaziclomefon, oxyfluorfen, paraquat, paraquat dichloride, pebulate, pendimethalin, penoxsulam, pentachlorphenol, pentoxazone, pethoxamid, petroleum oils, phenmedipham, picloram, picolinafen, pinoxaden, piperophos, pretilachlor, primisulfuron, primisulfuron-methyl, prodiamine, profoxydim, prometon, prometryn, propachlor, propanil, propaquizafop, propazine, propham, propisochlor, propoxycarbazone, propoxycarbazone-sodium, propyrisulfuron, propyzamide, prosulfocarb, prosulfuron, pyraclonil, pyraflufen, pyraflufen-ethyl, pyrasulfotole, pyrazolynate (pyrazolate), pyrazosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, pyrazoxyfen, pyribambenz, pyribambenz-isopropyl, pyribambenz-propyl, pyribenzoxim, pyributicarb, pyridafol, pyridate, pyriftalid, pyriminobac, pyriminobac-methyl, pyrimisulfan, pyrithiobac, pyrithiobac-sodium, pyroxasulfone, pyroxsulam, quinclorac, quinmerac, quinoclamine, quizalofop, quizalofop-ethyl, quizalofop-P, quizalofop-P-ethyl, quizalofop-P-tefuryl, QYM-201 , QYR-301 , rimsulfuron, saflufenacil, sethoxydim, siduron, simazine, simetryn, SL-261 , sulcotrion, sulfentrazone, sulfometuron, sulfometuron- methyl, sulfosulfuron, SYN-523, SYP-249, i.e. 1-ethoxy-3-methyl-1-oxobut-3-en-2-yl 5-[2-chloro-4- (trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoate, SYP-300, i.e. 1 -[7-fluoro-3-oxo-4-(prop-2-yn-1 -y l)-3 , 4- dihydro-2H-1 ,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-3-propyl-2-thioxoimidazolidine-4, 5-dione, 2,3,6-TBA, TCA
(trichloroacetic acid), TCA-sodium, tebuthiuron, tefuryltrione, tembotrione, tepraloxydim, terbacil, terbucarb, terbumeton, terbuthylazin, terbutryn, tetflupyrolimet, thenylchlor, thiazopyr, thiencarbazone, thiencarbazone-methyl, thifensulfuron, thifensulfuron-methyl, thiobencarb, tiafenacil, tolpyralate, topra- mezone, tralkoxydim, triafamone, tri-allate, triasulfuron, triaziflam, tribenuron, tribenuron-methyl, triclopyr, trietazine, trifloxysulfuron, trifloxysulfuron-sodium, trifludimoxazin, trifluralin, triflusulfuron, triflusulfuron-methyl, tritosulfuron, urea sulfate, vernolate, ZJ-0862, i.e. 3,4-dichloro-N-{2-[(4,6- dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)oxy]benzyl}aniline.
Examples for plant growth regulators are:
Acibenzolar, acibenzolar-S-methyl, 5-aminolevulinic acid, ancymidol, 6-benzylaminopurine, Brassinolid, catechine, chlormequat chloride, cloprop, cyclanilide, 3-(cycloprop-1-enyl) propionic acid, daminozide, dazomet, n-decanol, dikegulac, dikegulac-sodium, endothal, endothal-dipotassium, -disodium, and - mono(N,N-dimethylalkylammonium), ethephon, flumetralin, flurenol, flurenol-butyl, flurprimidol, forchlorfenuron, gibberellic acid, inabenfide, indol-3-acetic acid (IAA), 4-indol-3-ylbutyric acid, isoprothiolane, probenazole, jasmonic acid, maleic hydrazide, mepiquat chloride, 1-methyl- cyclopropene, methyl jasmonate, 2-(1-naphthyl)acetamide, 1 -naphthylacetic acid, 2- naphthyloxyacetic acid, nitrophenolate-mixture, paclobutrazol, N-(2-phenylethyl)-beta-alanine, N-phenylphthalamic acid, prohexadione, prohexadione-calcium, prohydrojasmone, salicylic acid, strigolactone, tecnazene, thidiazuron, triacontanol, trinexapac, trinexapac-ethyl, tsitodef, uniconazole, uniconazole-P.
Examples of safeners which could be mixed with the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (l)are, for example, benoxacor, cloquintocet (-mexyl), cyometrinil, cyprosulfamide, dichlormid, fenchlorazole (-ethyl), fenclorim, flurazole, fluxofenim, furilazole, isoxadifen (-ethyl), mefenpyr
(-diethyl), naphthalic anhydride, oxabetrinil, 2-methoxy-N-({4-[(methylcarbamoyl)amino]phenyl}- sulfonyl)benzamide (CAS 129531-12-0), 4-(dichloroacetyl)-1-oxa-4-azaspiro[4.5]decane (CAS 71526- 07-3), 2,2,5-trimethyl-3-(dichloroacetyl)-1 ,3-oxazolidine (CAS 52836-31-4).
Examples of nitrification inhibitors wich can be mixed with the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (l)are selected from the group consisting of 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-1 -yl)succinic acid, 2-(4,5-dimethyl-1 H-pyrazol-1 -yl)succinic acid, 3,4- dimethyl pyrazolium glycolate, 3,4-dimethyl pyrazolium citrate, 3,4-dimethyl pyrazolium lactate, 3,4- dimethyl pyrazolium mandelate, 1 ,2,4-triazole, 4-Chloro-3-methylpyrazole, N-((3(5)-methyl-1 H- pyrazole-1 -yl)methyl)acetamide, N-((3(5)-methyl-1 H-pyrazole-1 -yl)methyl)formamide, N-((3(5),4- dimethylpyrazole-1-yl)methyl)formamide, N-((4-chloro-3(5)-methyl-pyrazole-1-yl)methyl)formamide; reaction adducts of dicyandiamide, urea and formaldehyde, triazonyl- formaldehyde-dicyandiamide adducts, 2-cyano-1 -((4-oxo-1 ,3,5-triazinan-1 -yl)methyl)guanidine, 1 -((2-cyanoguanidino)methyl)urea, 2-cyano-1-((2-cyanoguanidino)methyl)guanidine, 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)-pyridine (nitrapyrin or N- serve), dicyandiamide, 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate, 4,5-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate, 3,4- dimethylpyrazole, 4,5-dimethyl pyrazole, ammoniumthiosulfate, neem, products based on ingredients of neem, linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, methyl p-coumarate, methyl ferulate, methyl 3-(4- hydroxyphenyl) propionate, karanjin, brachialacton, p-benzoquinone sorgoleone, 4-amino-1 ,2,4-triazole hydrochloride, 1-amido-2-thiourea, 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine, 2-mercapto-benzothiazole, 5- ethoxy-3-trichloromethyl-1 ,2,4-thiodiazole (terrazole, etridiazole), 2-sulfanilamidothiazole, 3-methyl- pyrazol, 1 ,2, 4-triazol thiourea, cyan amide, melamine, zeolite powder, catechol, benzoquinone, sodium tetraborate, allylthiourea, chlorate salts, and zinc sulfate.
The compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may be combined with one or more agriculturally beneficial agents.
Examples of agriculturally beneficial agents include biostimulants, plant growth regulators, plant signal molecules, growth enhancers, microbial stimulating molecules, biomolecules, soil amendments, nutrients, plant nutrient enhancers, etc., such as lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCO), chitooligosaccharides (CO), chitinous compounds, flavonoids, jasmonic acid or derivatives thereof (e.g., jasmonates), cytokinins, auxins, gibberellins, absiscic acid, ethylene, brassinosteroids, salicylates, macro- and micro-nutrients, linoleic acid or derivatives thereof, linolenic acid or derivatives thereof, karrikins, and beneficial microorganisms (e.g., Rhizobium spp., Bradyrhizobium spp., Sinorhizobium spp., Azorhizobium spp., Glomus spp., Gigaspora spp., Hymenoscyphous spp., Oidiodendron spp., Laccaria spp., Pisolithus spp., Rhizopogon spp., Scleroderma spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Acinetobacter spp., Arthrobacter spp., Arthrobotrys spp., Aspergillus spp., Azospirillum spp., Bacillus spp., Burkholderia spp., Candida spp., Chryseomonas spp., Enterobacter spp., Eupenicillium spp., Exiguobacterium spp., Klebsiella spp., Kluyvera spp., Microbacterium spp., Mucor spp., Paecilomyces spp., Paenibacillus spp., Penicillium spp., Pseudomonas spp., Serratia spp., Stenotrophomonas spp., Streptomyces spp., Streptosporangium spp., Swaminathania spp., Thiobacillus spp., Torulospora spp., Vibrio spp., Xanthobacter spp., Xanthomonas spp., etc.), and combinations thereof.
Methods and uses
The compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) have potent microbicidal activity and/or plant defense modulating potential. They can be used for controlling unwanted microorganisms, such as unwanted fungi and bacteria, on plants. They can be particularly useful in crop protection (they control microorganisms that cause plants diseases) or for protecting materials (e.g. industrial materials, timber, storage goods) as described in more details herein below. More specifically, the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) can be used to protect seeds, germinating seeds, emerged seedlings, plants, plant parts, fruits, harvest goods and/or the soil in which the plants grow from unwanted microorganisms.
Control or controlling as used herein encompasses protective, curative and eradicative treatment of unwanted microorganisms. Unwanted microorganisms may be pathogenic bacteria, pathogenic virus, pathogenic oomycetes or pathogenic fungi, more specifically phytopathogenic bacteria, phytopathogenic virus, phytopathogenic oomycetes or phytopathogenic fungi. As detailed herein below, these phytopathogenic microorganims are the causal agents of a broad spectrum of plants diseases.
More specifically, the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) can be used as fungicides. For the purpose of the specification, the term “fungicide” refers to a compound or composition that can be used in crop protection for the control of unwanted fungi, such as Plasmodiophoromycetes, Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes and/or for the control of Oomycetes.
The compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may also be used as antibacterial agent. In particular, they may be used in crop protection, for example for the control of unwanted bacteria, such as Pseudomonadaceae, Rhizobiaceae, Xanthomonadaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Corynebacteriaceae and Streptomycetaceae.
The compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may also be used as antiviral agent in crop protection. For example the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may have effects on diseases from plant viruses, such as the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), tobacco rattle virus, tobacco stunt virus (TStuV), tobacco leaf curl virus (VLCV), tobacco nervilia mosaic virus (TVBMV), tobacco necrotic dwarf virus (TNDV), tobacco streak virus (TSV), potato virus X (PVX), potato viruses Y, S, M, and A, potato acuba mosaic virus (PAMV), potato mop-top virus (PMTV), potato leaf-roll virus (PLRV), alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), cucumber green mottlemosaic virus (CGMMV), cucumber yellows virus (CuYV), watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), tomato ringspot virus (TomRSV), sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), rice drawf virus, rice stripe virus, rice black- streaked drawf virus, strawberry mottle virus (SMoV), strawberry vein banding virus (SVBV), strawberry mild yellow edge virus (SMYEV), strawberry crinkle virus (SCrV), broad beanwilt virus (BBWV), and melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV).
The present invention also relates to a method for controlling unwanted microorganisms, such as unwanted fungi, oomycetes and bacteria, on plants comprising the step of applying at least one compound of formula (I) or at least one composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) to the microorganisms and/or their habitat (to the plants, plant parts, seeds, fruits or to the soil in which the plants grow).
Typically, when the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (l)are used in curative or protective methods for controlling phytopathogenic fungi and/or phytopathogenic oomycetes, an effective and plant-compatible amount thereof is applied to the plants, plant parts, fruits, seeds or to the soil or substrates in which the plants grow. Suitable substrates that may be used for cultivating plants include inorganic based substrates, such as mineral wool, in particular stone wool, perlite, sand or gravel; organic substrates, such as peat, pine bark or sawdust; and petroleum based substrates such as polymeric foams or plastic beads. Effective and plant-compatible amount means an amount that is sufficient to control or destroy the fungi present or liable to appear on the cropland and that does not entail any appreciable symptom of phytotoxicity for said crops. Such an amount can vary within a wide range depending on the fungus to be controlled, the type of crop, the crop growth stage, the climatic conditions and the respective compound of formula (I) or composition used. This amount can be determined by systematic field trials that are within the capabilities of a person skilled in the art.
Plants and plant parts
The compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may be applied to any plants or plant parts.
Plants mean all plants and plant populations, such as desired and undesired wild plants or crop plants (including naturally occurring crop plants). Crop plants may be plants which can be obtained by conventional breeding and optimization methods or by biotechnological and genetic engineering methods or combinations of these methods, including the genetically modified plants (GMO or transgenic plants) and the plant cultivars which are protectable and non-protectable by plant breeders’ rights.
Plant cultivars are understood to mean plants which have new properties ("traits") and have been obtained by conventional breeding, by mutagenesis or by recombinant DNA techniques. They can be cultivars, varieties, bio- or genotypes.
Plant parts are understood to mean all parts and organs of plants above and below the ground, such as shoots, leaves, needles, stalks, stems, flowers, fruit bodies, fruits, seeds, roots, tubers and rhizomes. The plant parts also include harvested material and vegetative and generative propagation material, for example cuttings, tubers, rhizomes, slips and seeds.
Plants which may be treated in accordance with the methods of the invention include the following: cotton, flax, grapevine, fruit, vegetables, such as Rosaceae sp. (for example pome fruits such as apples and pears, but also stone fruits such as apricots, cherries, almonds and peaches, and soft fruits such as strawberries), Ribesioidae sp., Juglandaceae sp., Betulaceae sp., Anacardiaceae sp., Fagaceae sp., Moraceae sp., Oleaceae sp., Actinidaceae sp., Lauraceae sp., Musaceae sp. (for example banana trees and plantations), Rubiaceae sp. (for example coffee), Theaceae sp., Sterculiceae sp., Rutaceae sp. (for example lemons, oranges and grapefruit); Solanaceae sp. (for example tomatoes), Liliaceae sp., Asteraceae sp. (for example lettuce), Umbelliferae sp., Cruciferae sp., Chenopodiaceae sp., Cucurbitaceae sp. (for example cucumber), Alliaceae sp. (for example leek, onion), Papilionaceae sp. (for example peas); major crop plants, such as Gramineae sp. (for example maize, turf, cereals such as wheat, rye, rice, barley, oats, millet and triticale), Asteraceae sp. (for example sunflower), Brassicaceae sp. (for example white cabbage, red cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, pak choi, kohlrabi, radishes, and oilseed rape, mustard, horseradish and cress), Fabacae sp. (for example bean, peanuts), Papilionaceae sp. (for example soya bean), Solanaceae sp. (for example potatoes), Chenopodiaceae sp. (for example sugar beet, fodder beet, swiss chard, beetroot); useful plants and ornamental plants for gardens and wooded areas; and genetically modified varieties of each of these plants.
Plants and plant cultivars which may be treated by the above disclosed methods include plants and plant cultivars which are resistant against one or more biotic stresses, i.e. said plants show a better defense against animal and microbial pests, such as against nematodes, insects, mites, phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria, viruses and/or viroids.
Plants and plant cultivars which may be treated by the above disclosed methods include those plants which are resistant to one or more abiotic stresses. Abiotic stress conditions may include, for example, drought, cold temperature exposure, heat exposure, osmotic stress, flooding, increased soil salinity, increased mineral exposure, ozone exposure, high light exposure, limited availability of nitrogen nutrients, limited availability of phosphorus nutrients, shade avoidance.
Plants and plant cultivars which may be treated by the above disclosed methods include those plants characterized by enhanced yield characteristics. Increased yield in said plants may be the result of, for example, improved plant physiology, growth and development, such as water use efficiency, water retention efficiency, improved nitrogen use, enhanced carbon assimilation, improved photosynthesis, increased germination efficiency and accelerated maturation. Yield may furthermore be affected by improved plant architecture (under stress and non-stress conditions), including but not limited to, early flowering, flowering control for hybrid seed production, seedling vigor, plant size, internode number and distance, root growth, seed size, fruit size, pod size, pod or ear number, seed number per pod or ear, seed mass, enhanced seed filling, reduced seed dispersal, reduced pod dehiscence and lodging resistance. Further yield traits include seed composition, such as carbohydrate content and composition for example cotton or starch, protein content, oil content and composition, nutritional value, reduction in anti-nutritional compounds, improved processability and better storage stability.
Plants and plant cultivars which may be treated by the above disclosed methods include plants and plant cultivars which are hybrid plants that already express the characteristic of heterosis or hybrid vigor which results in generally higher yield, vigor, health and resistance towards biotic and abiotic stresses.
Transgenic plants, seed treatment and integration events
The compound according to the invention can be advantageously used to treat transgenic plants, plant cultivars or plant parts that received genetic material which imparts advantageous and/or useful properties (traits) to these plants, plant cultivars or plant parts. Therefore, it is contemplated that the present invention may be combined with one or more recombinant traits or transgenic event(s) or a combination thereof. For the purposes of this application, a transgenic event is created by the insertion of a specific recombinant DNA molecule into a specific position (locus) within the chromosome of the plant genome. The insertion creates a novel DNA sequence referred to as an “event” and is characterized by the inserted recombinant DNA molecule and some amount of genomic DNA immediately adjacent to/flanking both ends of the inserted DNA. Such trait(s) or transgenic event(s) include, but are not limited to, pest resistance, water use efficiency, yield performance, drought tolerance, seed quality, improved nutritional quality, hybrid seed production, and herbicide tolerance, in which the trait is measured with respect to a plant lacking such trait or transgenic event. Concrete examples of such advantageous and/or useful properties (traits) are better plant growth, vigor, stress tolerance, standability, lodging resistance, nutrient uptake, plant nutrition, and/or yield, in particular improved growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or to levels of water or soil salinity, enhanced flowering performance, easier harvesting, accelerated ripening, higher yields, higher quality and/or a higher nutritional value of the harvested products, better storage life and/or processability of the harvested products, and increased resistance against animal and microbial pests, such as against insects, arachnids, nematodes, mites, slugs and snails.
Among DNA sequences encoding proteins which confer properties of tolerance to such animal and microbial pests, in particular insects, mention will particularly be made of the genetic material from Bacillus thuringiensis encoding the Bt proteins widely described in the literature and well known to those skilled in the art. Mention will also be made of proteins extracted from bacteria such as Photorhabdus (WO97/17432 and WO98/08932). In particular, mention will be made of the Bt Cry or VIP proteins which include the CrylA, CrylAb, CrylAc, CryllA, CrylllA, CrylllB2, Cry9c Cry2Ab, Cry3Bb and CrylF proteins or toxic fragments thereof and also hybrids or combinations thereof, especially the CrylF protein or hybrids derived from a CrylF protein (e.g. hybrid CrylA-CrylF proteins or toxic fragments thereof), the CrylA-type proteins or toxic fragments thereof, preferably the CrylAc protein or hybrids derived from the CrylAc protein (e.g. hybrid CrylAb-CrylAc proteins) or the CrylAb or Bt2 protein or toxic fragments thereof, the Cry2Ae, Cry2Af or Cry2Ag proteins or toxic fragments thereof, the CrylA.105 protein or a toxic fragment thereof, the VIP3Aa19 protein, the VIP3Aa20 protein, the VIP3A proteins produced in the COT202 or COT203 cotton events, the VIP3Aa protein or a toxic fragment thereof as described in Estruch et al. (1996), Proc Natl Acad Sci US A. 28;93(1 1):5389-94, the Cry proteins as described in WO2001/47952, the insecticidal proteins from Xenorhabdus (as described in WO98/50427), Serratia (particularly from S. entomophila) or Photorhabdus species strains, such as Tc-proteins from Photorhabdus as described in WO98/08932. Also any variants or mutants of any one of these proteins differing in some amino acids (1 -10, preferably 1 -5) from any of the above named sequences, particularly the sequence of their toxic fragment, or which are fused to a transit peptide, such as a plastid transit peptide, or another protein or peptide, is included herein.
Another and particularly emphasized example of such properties is conferred tolerance to one or more herbicides, for example imidazolinones, sulfonylureas, glyphosate or phosphinothricin. Among DNA sequences encoding proteins which confer properties of tolerance to certain herbicides on the transformed plant cells and plants, mention will be particularly be made to the bar or PAT gene or the Streptomyces coelicolor gene described in W02009/152359 which confers tolerance to glufosinate herbicides, a gene encoding a suitable EPSPS (5-Enolpyruvylshikimat-3-phosphat-synthase) which confers tolerance to herbicides having EPSPS as a target, especially herbicides such as glyphosate and its salts, a gene encoding glyphosate-n-acetyltransferase, or a gene encoding glyphosate oxidoreductase. Further suitable herbicide tolerance traits include at least one ALS (acetolactate synthase) inhibitor (e.g. W02007/024782), a mutated Arabidopsis ALS/AHAS gene (e.g. U.S. Patent 6,855,533), genes encoding 2,4-D-monooxygenases conferring tolerance to 2,4-D (2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) and genes encoding Dicamba monooxygenases conferring tolerance to dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2- methoxybenzoic acid).
Yet another example of such properties is resistance to one or more phytopathogenic fungi, for example Asian Soybean Rust. Among DNA sequences encoding proteins which confer properties of resistance to such diseases, mention will particularly be made of the genetic material from glycine tomentella, for example from any one of publically available accession lines PI441001 , PI483224, PI583970, PI446958, PI499939, PI505220, PI499933, PI441008, PI505256 or PI446961 as described in W02019/103918.
Further and particularly emphasized examples of such properties are increased resistance against bacteria and/or viruses owing, for example, to systemic acquired resistance (SAR), systemin, phytoalexins, elicitors and also resistance genes and correspondingly expressed proteins and toxins.
Particularly useful transgenic events in transgenic plants or plant cultivars which can be treated with preference in accordance with the invention include Event 531/ PV-GHBK04 (cotton, insect control, described in W02002/040677), Event 1 143-14A (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in W02006/128569); Event 1 143-51 B (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in W02006/128570); Event 1445 (cotton, herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in US-A 2002- 120964 or W02002/034946); Event 17053 (rice, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-9843, described in WO2010/1 17737); Event 17314 (rice, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-9844, described in WO2010/1 17735); Event 281 -24-236 (cotton, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-6233, described in W02005/103266 or US-A 2005-216969); Event 3006-210-23 (cotton, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-6233, described in US-A 2007- 143876 orW02005/103266); Event 3272 (corn, quality trait, deposited as PTA-9972, described in W02006/098952 or US-A 2006-230473); Event 33391 (wheat, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-2347, described in W02002/027004), Event 40416 (corn, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-1 1508, described in WO 1 1/075593); Event 43A47 (corn, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-1 1509, described in WO201 1/075595); Event 5307 (corn, insect control, deposited as ATCC PTA-9561 , described in WO2010/077816); Event ASR- 368 (bent grass, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-4816, described in US-A 2006- 162007 or W02004/053062); Event B16 (corn, herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in US- A 2003-126634); Event BPS-CV127- 9 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as NCIMB No. 41603, described in WO2010/080829); Event BLRI (oilseed rape, restoration of male sterility, deposited as NCIMB 41 193, described in W02005/074671), Event CE43-67B (cotton, insect control, deposited as DSM ACC2724, described in US-A 2009-217423 or W02006/128573); Event CE44-69D (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in US-A 2010- 0024077); Event CE44- 69D (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in W02006/128571); Event CE46-02A (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in W02006/128572); Event COT102 (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in US-A 2006-130175 or W02004/039986); Event COT202 (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in US-A 2007-067868 or W02005/054479); Event COT203 (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in W02005/054480); ); Event DAS21606-3 1 1606 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-11028, described in WO2012/033794), Event DAS40278 (corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-10244, described in WO2011/022469); Event DAS-44406-6 / pDAB8264.44.06.l (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-11336, described in WO2012/075426), Event DAS-14536-7 /pDAB8291 .45.36.2 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-11335, described in WO2012/075429), Event DAS-59122-7 (corn, insectcontrol - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA 11384, described in US-A 2006-070139); Event DAS-59132 (corn, insect control - herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in W02009/100188); Event DAS68416 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-10442, described in WO2011/066384 or WO2011/066360); Event DP-098140-6 (corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-8296, described in US-A 2009- 137395 or WO 08/112019); Event DP-305423-1 (soybean, quality trait, not deposited, described in US-A 2008-312082 or W02008/054747); Event DP-32138-1 (corn, hybridization system, deposited as ATCC PTA-9158, described in US-A 2009-0210970 or W02009/103049); Event DP-356043-5 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-8287, described in US-A 2010-0184079 or W02008/002872); EventEE-l (brinjal, insect control, not deposited, described in WO 07/091277); Event Fil 17 (corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC 209031 , described in US-A 2006- 059581 or WO 98/044140); Event FG72 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-11041 , described in WO2011/063413), Event GA21 (corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC 209033, described in US-A 2005-086719 or WO 98/044140); Event GG25 (corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC 209032, described in US-A 2005-188434 or W098/044140); Event GHB119 (cotton, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-8398, described in W02008/151780); Event GHB614 (cotton, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-6878, described in US-A 2010-050282 or W02007/017186); Event GJ11 (corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC 209030, described in US-A 2005-188434 or WG98/044140); Event GM RZ13 (sugar beet, virus resistance, deposited as NCIMB-41601 , described in WO2010/076212); Event H7-I (sugar beet, herbicide tolerance, deposited as NCIMB 41158 or NCIMB 41159, described in US-A 2004-172669 or WO 2004/074492); Event JOPLINI (wheat, disease tolerance, not deposited, described in US-A 2008-064032); Event LL27 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as NCIMB41658, described in W02006/108674 or US-A 2008-320616); Event LL55 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as NCIMB 41660, described in WO 2006/108675 or US-A 2008- 196127); Event LLcotton25 (cotton, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-3343, described in W02003/013224 or US- A 2003-097687); Event LLRICE06 (rice, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC 203353, described in US 6,468,747 or W02000/026345); Event LLRice62 ( rice, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC 203352, described in W02000/026345), Event LLRICE601 (rice, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-2600, described in US-A 2008-2289060 or W02000/026356); Event LY038 (corn, quality trait, deposited as ATCC PTA-5623, described in US-A 2007-028322 or W02005/061720); Event MIR162 (corn, insect control, deposited as PTA- 8166, described in US-A 2009-300784 or W02007/142840); Event MIR604 (corn, insect control, not deposited, described in US-A 2008-167456 or W02005/103301); Event MON15985 (cotton, insect control, deposited as ATCC PTA-2516, described in US-A 2004-250317 or W02002/100163); Event MON810 (corn, insect control, not deposited, described in US-A 2002- 102582); Event MON863 (corn, insect control, deposited as ATCC PTA-2605, described in W02004/011601 or US-A 2006-095986); Event MON87427 (corn, pollination control, deposited as ATCC PTA-7899, described in WO2011/062904); Event MON87460 (corn, stress tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-8910, described in W02009/111263 or US-A 2011-0138504); Event MON87701 (soybean, insect control, deposited as ATCC PTA- 8194, described in US-A 2009- 130071 or W02009/064652); Event MON87705 (soybean, quality trait - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-9241 , described in US-A 2010-0080887 or WO2010/037016); Event MON87708 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-9670, described in WO2011/034704); Event MON87712 (soybean, yield, deposited as PTA-10296, described in WO2012/051199), Event MON87754 (soybean, quality trait, deposited as ATCC PTA-9385, described in WO2010/024976); Event MON87769 (soybean, quality trait, deposited as ATCC PTA- 8911 , described in US-A 2011-0067141 or W02009/102873); Event MON88017 (corn, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-5582, described in US-A 2008-028482 or W02005/059103); Event MON88913 (cotton, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-4854, described in W02004/072235 or US-A 2006-059590); Event MON88302 (oilseed rape, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-10955, described in WO2011/153186), Event MON88701 (cotton, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-11754, described in WO2012/134808), Event MON89034 (corn, insect control, deposited as ATCC PTA-7455, described in WO 07/140256 or US-A 2008- 260932); Event MON89788 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-6708, described in US-A 2006-282915 or W02006/130436); Event MS1 1 (oilseed rape, pollination control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-850 or PTA-2485, described in W02001/031042); Event MS8 (oilseed rape, pollination control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-730, described in W02001/041558 or US-A 2003-188347); Event NK603 (corn, herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-2478, described in US-A 2007-292854); Event PE-7 (rice, insect control, not deposited, described in W02008/114282); Event RF3 (oilseed rape, pollination control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-730, described in W02001/041558 or US-A 2003- 188347); Event RT73 (oilseed rape, herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in W02002/036831 or US-A 2008-070260); Event SYHT0H2 / SYN-000H2-5 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-11226, described in WO2012/082548), Event T227-1 (sugar beet, herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in W02002/44407 or US-A 2009-265817); Event T25 (corn, herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in US-A 2001-029014 or W02001/051654); Event T304-40 (cotton, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-8171 , described in US-A 2010-077501 or W02008/122406); Event T342-142 (cotton, insect control, not deposited, described in W02006/128568); Event TC1507 (corn, insect control - herbicide tolerance, not deposited, described in US-A 2005-039226 or W02004/099447); Event VIP1034 (corn, insect control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-3925, described in W02003/052073), Event 32316 (corn, insect control-herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-11507, described in WO2011/084632), Event 4114 (corn, insect control-herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-11506, described in W02011/084621), event EE-GM3 I FG72 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, ATCC Accession N° PTA-11041) optionally stacked with event EE-GM1/LL27 or event EE- GM2/LL55 (WO2011/063413A2), event DAS-68416-4 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, ATCC Accession N° PTA-10442, WO2011/066360AI), event DAS-68416-4 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, ATCC Accession N° PTA-10442, WO2011/066384AI), event DP-040416-8 (corn, insect control,
ATCC Accession N° PTA-11508, WO2011/075593AI), event DP-043A47-3 (corn, insect control,
ATCC Accession N° PTA-11509, WO2011/075595AI), event DP- 004114-3 (corn, insect control,
ATCC Accession N° PTA-11506, WO2011/084621 Al), event DP-032316-8 (corn, insect control,
ATCC Accession N° PTA-11507, WO2011/084632AI), event MON-88302-9 (oilseed rape, herbicide tolerance, ATCC Accession N° PTA-10955, WO2011/153186AI), event DAS-21606-3 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, ATCC Accession No. PTA-11028, WO2012/033794A2), event MON-87712-4 (soybean, quality trait, ATCC Accession N°. PTA-10296, WO2012/051199A2), event DAS-44406-6 (soybean, stacked herbicide tolerance, ATCC Accession N°. PTA-11336, WO2012/075426AI), event DAS-14536-7 (soybean, stacked herbicide tolerance, ATCC Accession N°. PTA-11335, WO2012/075429AI), event SYN-000H2-5 (soybean, herbicide tolerance, ATCC Accession N°. PTA-11226, WO2012/082548A2), event DP-061061-7 (oilseed rape, herbicide tolerance, no deposit N° available, W02012071039AI), event DP-073496-4 (oilseed rape, herbicide tolerance, no deposit N° available, US2012131692), event 8264.44.06.1 (soybean, stacked herbicide tolerance, Accession N° PTA-11336, WO2012075426A2), event 8291.45.36.2 (soybean, stacked herbicide tolerance, Accession N°. PTA-11335, WO2012075429A2), event SYHT0H2 (soybean, ATCC Accession N°. PTA-11226, WO2012/082548A2), event MON88701 (cotton, ATCC Accession N° PTA-11754, WO2012/134808AI), event KK179-2 (alfalfa, ATCC Accession N° PTA-11833, W02013/003558AI), event pDAB8264.42.32.1 (soybean, stacked herbicide tolerance, ATCC Accession N° PTA-11993, WG2013/010094AI), event MZDT09Y (corn, ATCC Accession N° PTA-13025, WO2013/012775AI).
Further, a list of such transgenic event(s) is provided by the United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) and can be found on their website on the world wide web at aphis.usda.gov. For this application, the status of such list as it is/was on the filing date of this application, is relevant. The genes/events which impart the desired traits in question may also be present in combinations with one another in the transgenic plants. Examples of transgenic plants which may be mentioned are the important crop plants, such as cereals (wheat, rice, triticale, barley, rye, oats), maize, soya beans, potatoes, sugar beet, sugar cane, tomatoes, peas and other types of vegetable, cotton, tobacco, oilseed rape and also fruit plants (with the fruits apples, pears, citrus fruits and grapes), with particular emphasis being given to maize, soya beans, wheat, rice, potatoes, cotton, sugar cane, tobacco and oilseed rape. Traits which are particularly emphasized are the increased resistance of the plants to insects, arachnids, nematodes and slugs and snails, as well as the increased resistance of the plants to one or more herbicides.
Commercially available examples of such plants, plant parts or plant seeds that may be treated with preference in accordance with the invention include commercial products, such as plant seeds, sold or distributed under the GENUITY®, DROUGHTGARD®, SMARTSTAX®, RIB COMPLETE®, ROUNDUP READY®, VT DOUBLE PRO®, VT TRIPLE PRO®, BOLLGARD II®, ROUNDUP READY 2 YIELD®, YIELDGARD®, ROUNDUP READY® 2 XTEND™, INTACTA RR2 PRO®, VISTIVE GOLD®, and/or XTENDFLEX™ trade names.
Pathogens
Non-limiting examples of pathogens of fungal diseases which may be treated in accordance with the invention include: diseases caused by powdery mildew pathogens, for example Blumeria species, for example Blumeria graminis; Podosphaera species, for example Podosphaera leucotricha; Sphaerotheca species, for example Sphaerotheca fuliginea; Uncinula species, for example Uncinula necator, diseases caused by rust disease pathogens, for example Gymnosporangium species, for example Gymnosporangium sabinae; Hemileia species, for example Hemileia vastatrix; Phakopsora species, for example Phakopsora pachyrhizi or Phakopsora meibomiae; Puccinia species, for example Puccinia recondita, Puccinia graminis Oder Puccinia striiformis; Uromyces species, for example Uromyces appendiculatus; diseases caused by pathogens from the group of the Oomycetes, for example Albugo species, for example Albugo Candida Bremia species, for example Bremia lactucae; Peronospora species, for example Peronospora pisi or P. brassicae; Phytophthora species, for example Phytophthora infestans; Plasmopara species, for example Plasmopara viticola; Pseudoperonospora species, for example Pseudoperonospora humuli or Pseudoperonospora cubensis; Pythium species, for example Pythium ultimum; leaf blotch diseases and leaf wilt diseases caused, for example, by Alternaria species, for example Altemaria solani; Cercospora species, for example Cercospora beticola; Cladiosporium species, for example Cladiosporium cucumerinunr, Cochliobolus species, for example Cochliobolus sativus (conidial form: Drechslera, syn: Helminthosporium) or Cochliobolus miyabeanus; Colletotrichum species, for example Colletotrichum lindemuthanium; Corynespora species, for example Corynespora cassiicola; Cycloconium species, for example Cycloconium oleaginum; Diaporthe species, for example Diaporthe citri; Elsinoe species, for example Elsinoe fawcettii; Gloeosporium species, for example Gloeosporium laeticolor, Glomerella species, for example Glomerella cingulata; Guignardia species, for example Guignardia bidwelli; Leptosphaeria species, for example Leptosphaeria maculans; Magnaporthe species, for example Magnaporthe grisea; Microdochium species, for example Microdochium nivale; Mycosphaerella species, for example Mycosphaerella graminicola, Mycosphaerella arachidicola or Mycosphaerella fijiensis; Phaeosphaeria species, for example Phaeosphaeria nodorum Pyrenophora species, for example Pyrenophora teres or Pyrenophora tritici repentis; Ramularia species, for example Ramularia collo-cygni or Ramularia areola; Rhynchosporium species, for example Rhynchosporium secalis; Septoria species, for example Septoria apii or Septoria lycopersici; Stagonospora species, for example Stagonospora nodorum; Typhula species, for example Typhula incarnata; Venturia species, for example Venturia inaequalis; root and stem diseases caused, for example, by Corticium species, for example Corticium graminearum; Fusarium species, for example Fusarium oxysporum; Gaeumannomyces species, for example Gaeumannomyces graminis; Plasmodiophora species, for example Plasmodiophora brassicae; Rhizoctonia species, for example Rhizoctonia solani; Sarocladium species, for example Sarocladium oryzae; Sclerotium species, for example Sclerotium oryzae; Tapesia species, for example Tapesia acuformis; Thielaviopsis species, for example Thielaviopsis basicola; ear and panicle diseases (including corn cobs) caused, for example, by Alternaria species, for example Altemaria spp.; Aspergillus species, for example Aspergillus flavus; Cladosporium species, for example Cladosporium cladosporioides; Claviceps species, for example Claviceps purpurea; Fusarium species, for example Fusarium culmorum; Gibberella species, for example Gibberella zeae; Monographella species, for example Monographella nivalis; Stagnospora species, for example Stagnospora nodorum; diseases caused by smut fungi, for example Sphacelotheca species, for example Sphacelotheca reiliana; Tilletia species, for example Tilletia caries or Tilletia controversa; Urocystis species, for example Urocystis occulta; Ustilago species, for example Ustilago nuda; fruit rot caused, for example, by Aspergillus species, for example Aspergillus flavus; Botrytis species, for example Botrytis cinerea; Monilinia species, for example Monilinia laxa; Penicillium species, for example Penicillium expansum or Penicillium purpurogenum; Rhizopus species, for example Rhizopus stolonifer, Sclerotinia species, for example Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; Verticilium species, for example Verticilium alboatrum; seed- and soil-borne rot and wilt diseases, and also diseases of seedlings, caused, for example, by Altemaria species, for example Altemaria brassicicola; Aphanomyces species, for example Aphanomyces euteiches: Ascochyta species, for example Ascochyta lentis Aspergillus species, for example Aspergillus flavus; Cladosporium species, for example Cladosporium herbarurrr, Cochliobolus species, for example Cochliobolus sativus (conidial form: Drechslera, Bipolaris Syn: Helminthosporium) Colletotrichum species, for example Colletotrichum coccodes; Fusarium species, for example Fusarium culmorum; Gibberella species, for example Gibberella zeae; Macrophomina species, for example Macrophomina phaseolina; Microdochium species, for example Microdochium nivale; Monographella species, for example Monographella nivalis; Penicillium species, for example Penicillium expansum; Phoma species, for example Phoma lingam; Phomopsis species, for example Phomopsis sojae; Phytophthora species, for example Phytophthora cactorum; Pyrenophora species, for example Pyrenophora graminea; Pyricularia species, for example Pyricularia oryzae; Pythium species, for example Pythium ultimum; Rhizoctonia species, for example Rhizoctonia solani; Rhizopus species, for example Rhizopus oryzae; Sclerotium species, for example Sclerotium rolfsii; Septoria species, for example Septoria nodorum; Typhula species, for example Typhula incarnata; Verticillium species, for example Verticillium dahliae; cancers, galls and witches’ broom caused, for example, by Nectria species, for example Nectria galligena; wilt diseases caused, for example, by Verticillium species, for example Verticillium longisporum; Fusarium species, for example Fusarium oxysporum; deformations of leaves, flowers and fruits caused, for example, by Exobasidium species, for example Exobasidium vexans; Taphrina species, for example Taphrina deformans; degenerative diseases in woody plants, caused, for example, by Esca species, for example Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Phaeoacremonium aleophilum or Fomitiporia mediterranea; Ganoderma species, for example Ganoderma boninense; diseases of plant tubers caused, for example, by Rhizoctonia species, for example Rhizoctonia solani; Helminthosporium species, for example Helminthosporium solani; diseases caused by bacterial pathogens, for example Xanthomonas species, for example Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae; Pseudomonas species, for example Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans; Erwinia species, for example Erwinia amylovora; Liberibacter species, for example Liberibacter asiaticus; Xyella species, for example Xylella fastidiosa; Ralstonia species, for example Ralstonia solanacearum; Dickeya species, for example Dickeya solani; Clavibacter species, for example Clavibacter michiganensis; Streptomyces species, for example Streptomyces scabies. diseases of soya beans:
Fungal diseases on leaves, stems, pods and seeds caused, for example, by Alternaria leaf spot (Altemaria spec, atrans tenuissima), Anthracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporoides dematium var. truncatum), brown spot (Septoria glycines), cercospora leaf spot and blight (Cercospora kikuchii), choanephora leaf blight (Choanephora infundibulifera trispora (Syn.)), dactuliophora leaf spot (Dactuliophora glycines), downy mildew (Peronospora manshurica), drechslera blight (Drechslera glycini), frogeye leaf spot (Cercospora sojina), leptosphaerulina leaf spot {Leptosphaerulina trifolii), phyllostica leaf spot {Phyllosticta sojaecola), pod and stem blight {Phomopsis sojae), powdery mildew {Microsphaera diffusa), pyrenochaeta leaf spot {Pyrenochaeta glycines), rhizoctonia aerial, foliage, and web blight {Rhizoctonia solani), rust {Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Phakopsora meibomiae), scab {Sphaceloma glycines), stemphylium leaf blight {Stemphylium botryosum), sudden death syndrome {Fusarium virguliforme), target spot (Corynespora cassiicola).
Fungal diseases on roots and the stem base caused, for example, by black root rot {Calonectria crotalariae), charcoal rot {Macrophomina phaseolina), fusarium blight or wilt, root rot, and pod and collar rot {Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium orthoceras, Fusarium semitectum, Fusarium equiseti), mycoleptodiscus root rot {Mycoleptodiscus terrestris), neocosmospora {Neocosmospora vasinfecta), pod and stem blight {Diaporthe phaseolorum), stem canker {Diaporthe phaseolorum var. caulivora), phytophthora rot {Phytophthora megasperma), brown stem rot {Phialophora gregata), pythium rot {Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium irregulare, Pythium debaryanum, Pythium myriotylum, Pythium ultimum), rhizoctonia root rot, stem decay, and damping-off {Rhizoctonia solani), sclerotinia stem decay {Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), sclerotinia southern blight {Sclerotinia rolfsii), thielaviopsis root rot {Thielaviopsis basicola).
Mycotoxins
In addition, the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may reduce the mycotoxin content in the harvested material and the foods and feeds prepared therefrom. Mycotoxins include particularly, but not exclusively, the following: deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol, 15-Ac-DON, 3-Ac-DON, T2- and HT2-toxin, fumonisins, zearalenon, moniliformin, fusarin, diaceotoxyscirpenol (DAS), beauvericin, enniatin, fusaroproliferin, fusarenol, ochratoxins, patulin, ergot alkaloids and aflatoxins which can be produced, for example, by the following fungi: Fusarium spec., such as F. acuminatum, F. asiaticum, F. avenaceum, F. crookwellense, F. culmorum, F. graminearum {Gibberella zeae), F. equiseti, F. fujikoroi, F. musarum, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. poae, F. pseudograminearum, F. sambucinum, F. scirpi, F. semitectum, F. solani, F. sporotrichoides, F. langsethiae, F. subglutinans, F. tricinctum, F. verticillioides, and also by Aspergillus spec., such as A. flavus, A. parasiticus, A. nomius, A. ochraceus, A. clavatus, A. terreus, A. versicolor, Penicillium spec., such as P. verrucosum, P. viridicatum, P. citrinum, P. expansum, P. claviforme, P. roqueforti, Claviceps spec., such as C. purpurea, C. fusiformis, C. paspali, C. africana, Stachybotrys spec, and others.
Material Protection
The compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may also be used in the protection of materials, especially for the protection of industrial materials against attack and destruction by phytopathogenic fungi. In addition, the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may be used as antifouling compositions, alone or in combinations with other active ingredients.
Industrial materials in the present context are understood to mean inanimate materials which have been prepared for use in industry. For example, industrial materials which are to be protected from microbial alteration or destruction may be adhesives, glues, paper, wallpaper and board/cardboard, textiles, carpets, leather, wood, fibers and tissues, paints and plastic articles, cooling lubricants and other materials which can be infected with or destroyed by microorganisms. Parts of production plants and buildings, for example cooling-water circuits, cooling and heating systems and ventilation and air-conditioning units, which may be impaired by the proliferation of microorganisms may also be mentioned within the scope of the materials to be protected. Industrial materials within the scope of the present invention preferably include adhesives, sizes, paper and card, leather, wood, paints, cooling lubricants and heat transfer fluids, more preferably wood.
The compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may prevent adverse effects, such as rotting, decay, discoloration, decoloration or formation of mould.
In the case of treatment of wood the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may also be used against fungal diseases liable to grow on or inside timber.
Timber means all types of species of wood, and all types of working of this wood intended for construction, for example solid wood, high-density wood, laminated wood, and plywood. In addition, the compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may be used to protect objects which come into contact with saltwater or brackish water, especially hulls, screens, nets, buildings, moorings and signalling systems, from fouling.
The compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may also be employed for protecting storage goods. Storage goods are understood to mean natural substances of vegetable or animal origin or processed products thereof which are of natural origin, and for which long-term protection is desired. Storage goods of vegetable origin, for example plants or plant parts, such as stems, leaves, tubers, seeds, fruits, grains, may be protected freshly harvested or after processing by (pre)drying, moistening, comminuting, grinding, pressing or roasting. Storage goods also include timber, both unprocessed, such as construction timber, electricity poles and barriers, or in the form of finished products, such as furniture. Storage goods of animal origin are, for example, hides, leather, furs and hairs. The compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may prevent adverse effects, such as rotting, decay, discoloration, decoloration or formation of mould.
Microorganisms capable of degrading or altering industrial materials include, for example, bacteria, fungi, yeasts, algae and slime organisms. The compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (l)preferably act against fungi, especially moulds, wood-discoloring and wooddestroying fungi Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Deuteromycetes and Zygomycetes), and against slime organisms and algae. Examples include microorganisms of the following genera: Alternaria, such as Altemaria tenuis; Aspergillus, such as Aspergillus niger, Chaetomium, such as Chaetomium globosum; Coniophora, such as Coniophora puetana; Lentinus, such as Lentinus tigrinus; Penicillium, such as Penicillium glaucum; Polyporus, such as Polyporus versicolor, Aureobasidium, such as Aureobasidium pullulans; Sclerophoma, such as Sclerophoma pityophila Trichoderma, such as Trichoderma viride; Ophiostoma spp., Ceratocystis spp., Humicola spp., Petriella spp., Trichurus spp., Coriolus spp., Gloeophyllum spp., Pleurotus spp., Poria spp., Serpula spp. and Tyromyces spp., Cladosporium spp., Paecilomyces spp. Mucorspp., Escherichia, such as Escherichia coll; Pseudomonas, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Candida spp. and Saccharomyces spp., such as Saccharomyces cerevisae.
Seed Treatment
The compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may also be used to protect seeds from unwanted microorganisms, such as phytopathogenic microorganisms, for instance phytopathogenic fungi or phytopathogenic oomycetes. The term seed(s) as used herein include dormant seeds, primed seeds, pregerminated seeds and seeds with emerged roots and leaves.
Thus, the present invention also relates to a method for protecting seeds from unwanted microorganisms which comprises the step of treating the seeds with the compound of formula (I) or the composition.
The treatment of seeds with the compound of formula (I) or the composition protects the seeds from phytopathogenic microorganisms, but also protects the germinating seeds, the emerging seedlings and the plants after emergence from the treated seeds. Therefore, the present invention also relates to a method for protecting seeds, germinating seeds and emerging seedlings.
The seeds treatment may be performed prior to sowing, at the time of sowing or shortly thereafter.
When the seeds treatment is performed prior to sowing (e.g. so-called on-seed applications), the seeds treatment may be performed as follows: the seeds may be placed into a mixer with a desired amount of the compound of formula (I) or the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I), the seeds and the compound of formula (I) or the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) are mixed until an homogeneous distribution on seeds is achieved. If appropriate, the seeds may then be dried.
The invention also relates to seeds coated with the compound of formula (I) or the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I).
Preferably, the seeds are treated in a state in which it is sufficiently stable for no damage to occur in the course of treatment. In general, seeds can be treated at any time between harvest and shortly after sowing. It is customary to use seeds which have been separated from the plant and freed from cobs, shells, stalks, coats, hairs or the flesh of the fruits. For example, it is possible to use seeds which have been harvested, cleaned and dried down to a moisture content of less than 15% by weight. Alternatively, it is also possible to use seeds which, after drying, for example, have been treated with water and then dried again, or seeds just after priming, or seeds stored in primed conditions or pre-germinated seeds, or seeds sown on nursery trays, tapes or paper.
The amount of the compound of formula (I) or the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) applied to the seeds is typically such that the germination of the seed is not impaired, or that the resulting plant is not damaged. This must be ensured particularly in case the the compound of formula (I) would exhibit phytotoxic effects at certain application rates. The intrinsic phenotypes of transgenic plants should also be taken into consideration when determining the amount of the compound of formula (I) to be applied to the seed in orderto achieve optimum seed and germinating plant protection with a minimum amount of compound being employed.
The compound of formula (I) can be applied as such, directly to the seeds, i.e. without the use of any other components and without having been diluted. Also the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) can be applied to the seeds.
The compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (l)are suitable for protecting seeds of any plant variety. Preferred seeds are that of cereals (such as wheat, barley, rye, millet, triticale, and oats), oilseed rape, maize, cotton, soybean, rice, potatoes, sunflower, beans, coffee, peas, beet (e.g. sugar beet and fodder beet), peanut, vegetables (such as tomato, cucumber, onions and lettuce), lawns and ornamental plants. More preferred are seeds of wheat, soybean, oilseed rape, maize and rice.
The compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may be used for treating transgenic seeds, in particular seeds of plants capable of expressing a polypeptide or protein which acts against pests, herbicidal damage or abiotic stress, thereby increasing the protective effect. Seeds of plants capable of expressing a polypeptide or protein which acts against pests, herbicidal damage or abiotic stress may contain at least one heterologous gene which allows the expression of said polypeptide or protein. These heterologous genes in transgenic seeds may originate, for example, from microorganisms of the species Bacillus, Rhizobium, Pseudomonas, Serratia, Trichoderma, Clavibacter, Glomus or Gliocladium. These heterologous genes preferably originate from Bacillus sp., in which case the gene product is effective against the European corn borer and/or the Western corn rootworm. Particularly preferably, the heterologous genes originate from Bacillus thuringiensis.
Application
The compound of formula (I) can be applied as such, or for example in the form of as ready-to-use solutions, emulsions, water- or oil-based suspensions, powders, wettable powders, pastes, soluble powders, dusts, soluble granules, granules for broadcasting, suspoemulsion concentrates, natural products impregnated with the compound of formula (I), synthetic substances impregnated with the compound of formula (I), fertilizers or microencapsulations in polymeric substances.
Application is accomplished in a customary manner, for example by watering, spraying, atomizing, broadcasting, dusting, foaming or spreading-on. It is also possible to deploy the compound of formula (I) by the ultra-low volume method, via a drip irrigation system or drench application, to apply it in-furrow or to inject it into the soil stem or trunk. It is further possible to apply the compound of formula (I) by means of a wound seal, paint or other wound dressing.
The effective and plant-compatible amount of the compound of formula (I) which is applied to the plants, plant parts, fruits, seeds or soil will depend on various factors, such as the compound/composition employed, the subject of the treatment (plant, plant part, fruit, seed or soil), the type of treatment (dusting, spraying, seed dressing), the purpose of the treatment (curative and protective), the type of microorganisms, the development stage of the microorganisms, the sensitivity of the microorganisms, the crop growth stage and the environmental conditions.
When the compound of formula (I) is used as a fungicide, the application rates can vary within a relatively wide range, depending on the kind of application. For the treatment of plant parts, such as leaves, the application rate may range from 0.1 to 10 000 g/ha, preferably from 10 to 1000 g/ha, more preferably from 50 to 300 g/ha (in the case of application by watering or dripping, it is even possible to reduce the application rate, especially when inert substrates such as rockwool or perlite are used). Forthe treatment of seeds, the application rate may range from 0.1 to 200 g per 100 kg of seeds, preferably from 1 to 150 g per 100 kg of seeds, more preferably from 2.5 to 25 g per 100 kg of seeds, even more preferably from 2.5 to 12.5 g per 100 kg of seeds. For the treatment of soil, the application rate may range from 0.1 to 10 000 g/ha, preferably from 1 to 5000 g/ha.
These application rates are merely examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) can be used in combination with models e.g. embedded in computer programs for site specific crop management, satellite farming, precision farming or precision agriculture. Such models support the site specific management of agricultural sites with data from various sources such as soils, weather, crops (e.g. type, growth stage, plant health), weeds (e.g. type, growth stage), diseases, pests, nutrients, water, moisture, biomass, satellite data, yield etc. with the purpose to optimize profitability, sustainability and protection of the environment. In particular, such models can help to optimize agronomical decisions, control the precision of pesticide applications and record the work performed. As an example, the compound of formula (I) can be applied to a crop plant according to appropriate dose regime if a model models the development of a fungal disease and calculates that a threshold has been reached for which it is recommendable to apply the compound of formula (I) to the crop plant.
Commercially available systems which include agronomic models are e.g. FieldScripts™ from The Climate Corporation, Xarvio™ from BASF, AGLogic™ from John Deere, etc.
The compound of formula (I) can also be used in combination with smart spraying equipment such as e.g. spot spraying or precision spraying equipment attached to or housed within a farm vehicle such as a tractor, robot, helicopter, airplane, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) such as a drone, etc. Such an equipment usually includes input sensors (such as e.g. a camera) and a processing unit configured to analyze the input data and configured to provide a decision based on the analysis of the input data to apply the compound of formula (I) to the crop plants (respectively the weeds) in a specific and precise manner. The use of such smart spraying equipment usually also requires positions systems (e.g. GPS receivers) to localize recorded data and to guide or to control farm vehicles; geographic information systems (GIS) to represent the information on intelligible maps, and appropriate farm vehicles to perform the required farm action such as the spraying.
In an example, fungal diseases can be detected from imagery acquired by a camera. In an example fungal diseases can be identified and/or classified based on that imagery. Such identification and/ classification can make use of image processing algorithms. Such image processing algorithms can utilize machine learning algorithms, such as trained neutral networks, decision trees and utilize artificial intelligence algorithms. In this manner, the compounds described herein can be applied only where needed.
Plant Growth Regulation
The compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may, at particular concentrations or application rates, also be used as herbicides, safeners, growth regulators or agents to improve plant properties, or as microbicides, for example as bactericides, viricides (including compositions against viroids) or as compositions against MLO (Mycoplasma-like organisms) and RLO (Rickettsia-like organisms).
The compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may intervene in physiological processes of plants and may therefore also be used as plant growth regulators. Plant growth regulators may exert various effects on plants. The effect of the substances depends essentially on the time of application in relation to the developmental stage of the plant, and also on the amounts of active ingredient applied to the plants or their environment and on the type of application. In each case, growth regulators should have a particular desired effect on the crop plants. Growth regulating effects, comprise earlier germination, better emergence, more developed root system and/or improved root growth, increased ability of tillering, more productive tillers, earlier flowering, increased plant height and/or biomass, shorting of stems, improvements in shoot growth, number of kernels/ear, number of ears/m2, number of stolons and/or number of flowers, enhanced harvest index, bigger leaves, less dead basal leaves, improved phyllotaxy, earlier maturation I earlier fruit finish, homogenous riping, increased duration of grain filling, better fruit finish, bigger fruit/vegetable size, sprouting resistance and reduced lodging.
Increased or improved yield is referring to total biomass per hectare, yield per hectare, kernel/fruit weight, seed size and/or hectolitre weight as well as to improved product quality, comprising: improved processability relating to size distribution (kernel, fruit), homogenous riping, grain moisture, better milling, better vinification, better brewing, increased juice yield, harvestability, digestibility, sedimentation value, falling number, pod stability, storage stability, improved fiber length/strength/uniformity, increase of milk and/or meet quality of silage fed animals, adaptation to cooking and frying; improved marketability relating to improved fruit/grain quality, size distribution (kernel, fruit), increased storage I shelf-life, firmness I softness, taste (aroma, texture), grade (size, shape, number of berries), number of berries/fruits per bunch, crispness, freshness, coverage with wax, frequency of physiological disorders, colour; increased desired ingredients such as e.g. protein content, fatty acids, oil content, oil quality, aminoacid composition, sugar content, acid content (pH), sugar/acid ratio (Brix), polyphenols, starch content, nutritional quality, gluten content/index, energy content, taste; decreased undesired ingredients such as e.g. less mycotoxines, less aflatoxins, geosmin level, phenolic aromas, lacchase, polyphenol oxidases and peroxidases, nitrate content.
Plant growth-regulating compounds can be used, for example, to slow down the vegetative growth of the plants. Such growth depression is of economic interest, for example, in the case of grasses, since it is thus possible to reduce the frequency of grass cutting in ornamental gardens, parks and sport facilities, on roadsides, at airports or in fruit crops. Also of significance is the inhibition of the growth of herbaceous and woody plants on roadsides and in the vicinity of pipelines or overhead cables, or quite generally in areas where vigorous plant growth is unwanted.
Also important is the use of growth regulators for inhibition of the longitudinal growth of cereal. This reduces or completely eliminates the risk of lodging of the plants prior to harvest. In addition, growth regulators in the case of cereals can strengthen the culm, which also counteracts lodging. The employment of growth regulators for shortening and strengthening culms allows the deployment of higher fertilizer volumes to increase the yield, without any risk of lodging of the cereal crop. In many crop plants, vegetative growth depression allows denser planting, and it is thus possible to achieve higher yields based on the soil surface. Another advantage of the smaller plants obtained in this way is that the crop is easier to cultivate and harvest.
Reduction of the vegetative plant growth may also lead to increased or improved yields because the nutrients and assimilates are of more benefit to flower and fruit formation than to the vegetative parts of the plants.
Alternatively, growth regulators can also be used to promote vegetative growth. This is of great benefit when harvesting the vegetative plant parts. However, promoting vegetative growth may also promote generative growth in that more assimilates are formed, resulting in more or larger fruits.
Furthermore, beneficial effects on growth or yield can be achieved through improved nutrient use efficiency, especially nitrogen (N)-use efficiency, phosphorous (P)-use efficiency, water use efficiency, improved transpiration, respiration and/or CO2 assimilation rate, better nodulation, improved Ca- metabolism.
Likewise, growth regulators can be used to alter the composition of the plants, which in turn may result in an improvement in quality of the harvested products. Under the influence of growth regulators, parthenocarpic fruits may be formed. In addition, it is possible to influence the sex of the flowers. It is also possible to produce sterile pollen, which is of great importance in the breeding and production of hybrid seed.
Use of growth regulators can control the branching of the plants. On the one hand, by breaking apical dominance, it is possible to promote the development of side shoots, which may be highly desirable particularly in the cultivation of ornamental plants, also in combination with an inhibition of growth. On the other hand, however, it is also possible to inhibit the growth of the side shoots. This effect is of particular interest, for example, in the cultivation of tobacco or in the cultivation of tomatoes.
Under the influence of growth regulators, the amount of leaves on the plants can be controlled such that defoliation of the plants is achieved at a desired time. Such defoliation plays a major role in the mechanical harvesting of cotton, but is also of interest for facilitating harvesting in other crops, for example in viticulture. Defoliation of the plants can also be undertaken to lower the transpiration of the plants before they are transplanted.
Furthermore, growth regulators can modulate plant senescence, which may result in prolonged green leaf area duration, a longer grain filling phase, improved yield quality.
Growth regulators can likewise be used to regulate fruit dehiscence. On the one hand, it is possible to prevent premature fruit dehiscence. On the other hand, it is also possible to promote fruit dehiscence or even flower abortion to achieve a desired mass (“thinning”). In addition it is possible to use growth regulators at the time of harvest to reduce the forces required to detach the fruits, in order to allow mechanical harvesting or to facilitate manual harvesting.
Growth regulators can also be used to achieve faster or else delayed ripening of the harvested material before or after harvest. This is particularly advantageous as it allows optimal adjustment to the requirements of the market. Moreover, growth regulators in some cases can improve the fruit colour. In addition, growth regulators can also be used to synchronize maturation within a certain period of time. This establishes the prerequisites for complete mechanical or manual harvesting in a single operation, for example in the case of tobacco, tomatoes or coffee.
By using growth regulators, it is additionally possible to influence the resting of seed or buds of the plants, such that plants such as pineapple or ornamental plants in nurseries, for example, germinate, sprout or flower at a time when they are normally not inclined to do so. In areas where there is a risk of frost, it may be desirable to delay budding or germination of seeds with the aid of growth regulators, in orderto avoid damage resulting from late frosts.
Finally, growth regulators can induce resistance of the plants to frost, drought or high salinity of the soil. This allows the cultivation of plants in regions which are normally unsuitable for this purpose.
Plant Defense Modulators
The compound of formula (I) and the composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) may also exhibit a potent strengthening effect in plants. Accordingly, they may be used for mobilizing the defences of the plant against attack by undesirable microorganisms.
Plant-strengthening (resistance-inducing) substances in the present context are substances capable of stimulating the defence system of plants in such a way that the treated plants, when subsequently inoculated with undesirable microorganisms, develop a high degree of resistance to these microorganisms.
Further, in context with the present invention plant physiology effects comprise the following:
Abiotic stress tolerance, comprising tolerance to high or low temperatures, drought tolerance and recovery after drought stress, water use efficiency (correlating to reduced water consumption), flood tolerance, ozone stress and UV tolerance, tolerance towards chemicals like heavy metals, salts, pesticides.
Biotic stress tolerance, comprising increased fungal resistance and increased resistance against nematodes, viruses and bacteria. In context with the present invention, biotic stress tolerance preferably comprises increased fungal resistance and increased resistance against nematodes and bacteria Increased plant vigor, comprising plant health / plant quality and seed vigor, reduced stand failure, improved appearance, increased recovery after periods of stress, improved pigmentation (e.g. chlorophyll content, stay-green effects) and improved photosynthetic efficiency. Aspects of the present teaching may be further understood in light of the following examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present teaching in any way.
EXAMPLES
General
Measurement of LogP values
Measurement of LogP values as provided herein was performed according to EEC directive 79/831 Annex V.A8 by HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) on reversed phase columns with the following methods:
[al LogP value is determined by measurement of LC-UV, in an acidic range, with 0.1 % formic acid in water and acetonitrile as eluent (linear gradient from 10% acetonitrile to 95% acetonitrile).
[bl LogP value is determined by measurement of LC-UV, in a neutral range, with 0.001 molar ammonium acetate solution in water and acetonitrile as eluent (linear gradient from 10% acetonitrile to 95% acetonitrile).
[cl LogP value is determined by measurement of LC-UV, in an acidic range, with 0.1 % phosphoric acid and acetonitrile as eluent (linear gradient from 10% acetonitrile to 95% acetonitrile).
If more than one LogP value is available within the same method, all the values are given and separated by “+”.
Calibration was done with straight-chain alkan2-ones (with 3 to 16 carbon atoms) with known LogP values (measurement of LogP values using retention times with linear interpolation between successive alkanones). Lambda-max-values were determined using UV-spectra from 200 nm to 400 nm and the peak values of the chromatographic signals
1H-NMR data
1H-NMR data of selected examples as provided herein are written in form of 1H-NMR-peak lists. To each signal peak are listed the 8-value in ppm and the signal intensity in round brackets. Between the 8-value - signal intensity pairs are semicolons as delimiters.
The peak list of an example has therefore the form: δ1 (intensityi); δ2 (intensity2); ; δi (intensity); ; δn (intensityn)
Intensity of sharp signals correlates with the height of the signals in a printed example of a NMR spectrum in cm and shows the real relations of signal intensities. From broad signals several peaks or the middle of the signal and their relative intensity in comparison to the most intensive signal in the spectrum can be shown.
For calibrating chemical shift for 1H spectra, we use tetramethylsilane and/or the chemical shift of the solvent used, especially in the case of spectra measured in DMSO. Therefore, in NMR peak lists, tetramethylsilane peak can occur but not necessarily.
The 1H-NMR peak lists are similar to classical 1H-NMR prints and contains therefore usually all peaks, which are listed at classical NMR-interpretation.
Additionally, they can show like classical 1H-NMR prints signals of solvents, stereoisomers of the target compounds, which are also object of the invention, and/or peaks of impurities. To show compound signals in the delta-range of solvents and/or water the usual peaks of solvents, for example peaks of DMSO in DMSO-De and the peak of water are shown in our 1H-NMR peak lists and have usually on average a high intensity.
The peaks of stereoisomers of the target compounds and/or peaks of impurities have usually on average a lower intensity than the peaks of target compounds (for example with a purity >90%).
Such stereoisomers and/or impurities can be typical for the specific preparation process. Therefore, their peaks can help to recognize the reproduction of our preparation process via “side-products-fingerprints”. An expert, who calculates the peaks of the target compounds with known methods (MestreC, ACD- simulation, but also with empirically evaluated expectation values) can isolate the peaks of the target compounds as needed optionally using additional intensity filters. This isolation would be similar to relevant peak picking at classical 1H-NMR interpretation.
Further details of NMR-data description with peak lists you find in the publication “Citation of NMR Peaklist Data within Patent Applications” of the Research Disclosure Database Number 564025.
The following examples illustrate in a non-limiting manner the preparation and biological activity of the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention.
SYNTHESIS OF COMPOUNDS OF FORMULA (I) AND INTERMEDIATES
Tables 1 , 2, 3 and 4 illustrate in a non-limiting manner examples of compounds of formula (I) according to the invention:
Figure imgf000081_0001
The compounds of formula (I) which are mentioned in tables 1 , 2, 3 and 4 herein below were prepared in accordance with the procedures detailed herein below in connection with specific examples and with the general description of the processes herein disclosed.
In tables 1 , 2, 3 and 4, the logP values were determined according to method [al. able 1 :
Figure imgf000082_0001
Figure imgf000083_0001
Figure imgf000084_0001
Figure imgf000085_0001
ote : Me : methyl ; Et : ethyl ; iPr: isopropyl ; iBu: isobutyl ; cPr: cyclopropyl ; cPent: cyclopentyl ; cHex: cyclohexylable 2:
Figure imgf000085_0002
Figure imgf000086_0001
Figure imgf000087_0001
Figure imgf000088_0001
Figure imgf000089_0001
Figure imgf000090_0001
Figure imgf000091_0001
Figure imgf000092_0001
Figure imgf000093_0001
Figure imgf000094_0001
Figure imgf000095_0001
Figure imgf000096_0001
ote : Me : methyl ; iPr : isopropyl ; iBu : isobutyl ; tBu,: tertiobutyl ; cPr : cyclopropyl ; cPent : cyclopentyl ;
ple
Figure imgf000097_0001
q^ao
: g eiqe / CJ
Figure imgf000098_0002
Figure imgf000098_0001
able 4:
Figure imgf000099_0001
ote : Me : methyl
Table 5 provides the NMR data (1H) of a selected number of compounds from tables 1,2,3 and 4.
Table 5: NMR peak lists
Figure imgf000100_0001
Figure imgf000101_0001
Figure imgf000102_0001
Figure imgf000103_0001
Figure imgf000104_0001
Figure imgf000105_0001
Figure imgf000106_0001
Figure imgf000107_0001
Figure imgf000108_0001
Figure imgf000109_0001
Figure imgf000110_0001
Figure imgf000111_0001
Figure imgf000112_0001
Figure imgf000113_0001
Figure imgf000114_0001
Figure imgf000115_0001
Figure imgf000116_0001
Figure imgf000117_0001
Figure imgf000118_0001
Figure imgf000119_0001
Figure imgf000120_0001
Figure imgf000121_0001
Figure imgf000122_0001
Figure imgf000123_0001
Figure imgf000124_0001
Figure imgf000125_0001
Figure imgf000126_0001
Figure imgf000127_0001
Figure imgf000128_0001
Figure imgf000129_0001
Figure imgf000130_0001
Figure imgf000131_0001
Figure imgf000132_0001
PREPARATION EXAMPLES
In the following examples, the logP values were determined according to method[al.
Preparation example 1 : preparation of 4-fluorophenyl(7,8-difluoro-2-methylquinolin-3-yl)carbamate (example of a carbamate of formula (Va))
Under argon, 4.5 g (23.7 mmol) of 7,8-difluoro-2-methylquinolin-3-amine were solubilized in 75 mL of pyridine. At 0 °C, 4.04 g (23.7 mmol) of 4-fluorophenylchloroformate were slowly added. The reaction mixture was left to warm up to room temperature and stirred overnight. The crude mixture was concentrated and the obtained brown solid was suspended in 100 mL of ethyl acetate and 100 mL of water. The solid was filtered off and the organic phase was concentrated under vacuum to give 6.89 g of a brown solid. The solid was triturated with 100 mL of hot heptane, cooled to room temperature, filtered and washed twice with heptane to yield 5.52 g (72%) of 4-fluorophenyl (7,8-difluoro-2- methylquinolin-3-yl)carbamate as a brown solid. LogP = 3.0. Mp (melting point) = 160-184 °C.
General preparation example 2 : preparation of ureas of formula (I) on Chemspeed™ apparatus
In a 8 mL Chemspeed™ vial containing 65.2 mg (0.42 mmol) of 1 ,8-Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene
[DBU] dissolved in 2 mL of tetrahydrofuran [THF], were successively added 1 mL of a 0.21 M THF solution of a carbamate of formula (Va) and 1 mL of a 0.21 M THF solution of an amine of formula (III). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 22 hours. The reaction solution was deposited on a silicagel cartridge (2 g) and eluted by 10 mL of THF. The solvent was removed and the crude urea derivative was analyzed by LCMS and NMR. Insufficiently pure compounds were further purified by reverse preparative LC.
Preparation example 3: preparation of 3-(7,8-difluoro-2-methylquinolin-3-yl)-1-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)- propan-2-yl]-1 -isobutylurea (compound 1.152)
Step 1 : preparation of N-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)propan-2-yl]-2-methylpropan-1 -amine (example of an amine of formula (III))
To a solution of 2 g (12.8 mmol) of 1-(4-fluorophenyl)propan-2-one in 25 mL of methanol, were added 2.32 g (38.6 mmol) of acetic acid and 1.42 g (19.3 mmol) of 2-methylpropan-1 -amine. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 .5 hour. 1 g (15.4 mmol) of sodium cyanoborohydride was added in portions and the reaction mixture was further stirred at ambient temperature overnight. The crude mixture was concentrated and the obtained yellow oil (3.77 g) was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (200 g cartridge - gradient dichloromethane/methanol) to yield 2.83 g (>100%) of N-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)propan-2-yl]-2-methylpropan-1 -amine as a sticky light yellow solid. LogP = 1 .23. Mass (M+H) = 210.
Step 2: preparation of 3-(7,8-difluoro-2-methylquinolin-3-yl)-1-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)propan-2-yl]-1- isobutylurea (compound 1.152)
155 mg (0.74 mmol) of N-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)propan-2-yl]-2-methylpropan-1 -amine were condensed over 250 mg (0.67 mmol) of 4-fluorophenyl (7,8-difluoro-2-methylquinolin-3-yl)carbamate according to the conditions described in example 2, to yield after purification by preparative HPLC, 233 mg (80%) of 3-(7,8-difluoro-2-methylquinolin-3-yl)-1-[1-(4-fluorophenyl)propan-2-yl]-1 -isobutylurea as a light yellow oil. LogP = 4.17. Mass (M+H) = 430.
Preparation example 4: preparation of 1-cyclopropyl-1-[1-(2,6-difluorophenyl)propan-2-yl]-3-(8-fluoro- quinolin-3-yl)thiourea (compound 1.141)
Step 1 : preparation of 8-fluoro-3-isothiocyanatoquinoline (example of an isothiocyanate of formula (II)) To 500 mg (2.9 mmol) of 8-fluoroquinolin-3-amine in solution in 15 mL of pyridine, were added 505 mg (2.9 mmol) of phenoxythiocarbonyl chloride. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The crude mixture was concentrated and the obtained residue was suspended in 100 mL of ethyl acetate and 100 mL of water. The organic phase was dried over magnesium sulfate and then concentrated under vacuum to give 1 g of a dark orange solid. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (120 g cartridge - gradient n-heptane/ethyl acetate) to yield 309 mg (52%) of 8-fluoro-3-isothiocyanatoquinoline as a light pink solid. LogP = 2.96. Mass (M+H) = 205. Step 2: preparation of 1 -cyclopropyl-1 -[1 -(2, 6-difluorophenyl)propan-2-yl]-3-(8-fluoro-quinolin-3- yl)thiourea (compound 1.141)
To a solution of 96 mg (0.47 mmol) of 8-fluoro-3-isothiocyanatoquinoline in 10 mL of THF, were added 109 mg (0.51 mmol) of N-[1-(2,6-difluorophenyl)propan-2-yl]cyclopropanamine and 78.7 mg (0.51 mmol) of DBU. The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was poured over 100 mL of water and extracted by ethyl acetate. The organic phase was dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give 210 mg of residue as a light yellow oil. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (40 g cartridge - gradient n-heptane/ethyl acetate) to yield 161 mg (82%) of 1 -cyclopropyl-1 -[1 -(2, 6-difluorophenyl)propan-2-yl]-3-(8-fluoro- quinolin-3-yl)thiourea as a light yellow solid. LogP = 3.70. Mass (M+H) = 416.
Preparation example 5: preparation of 1-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]-3-(8-fluoroquinolin-3-yl)tetrahydro- pyrimidin-2(1 H)-one (compound 1.193)
Step 1 : preparation of 1-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]-3-(8-fluoroquinolin-3-yl)urea 50.3 mg (0.35 mmol) of 2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethanamine were condensed over 100 mg (0.32 mmol) of 4- fluorophenyl (8-fluoroquinolin-3-yl)carbamate according to the conditions described in example 2, to yield after purification by column chromatography on silica gel, 96 mg (90%) of 1-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)- ethyl]-3-(8-fluoroquinolin-3-yl)urea as a light yellow oil. LogP = 2.53. Mass (M+H) = 328. Step 2: preparation of 1-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]-3-(8-fluoroquinolin-3-yl)tetrahydropyrimidin-2(1 H)-one (compound 1.193)
To a suspension of 50 mg (0.15 mmol) of 1-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)-ethyl]-3-(8-fluoroquinolin-3-yl)urea in 5 mL of toluene, were successively added 123 mg (0.61 mg) of 1 ,3-dibromopropane, 8.3 mg (0.03 mmol) of benzyltriethylammonium bromide and 1.37 mL of a 10M aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide. The reaction mixture was heated at 55 °C for 7 hours. The reaction mixture was poured over 50 mL of water and extracted by dichloromethane. The organic phase was dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give 73 mg of residue as an orange oil. The residue was purified by preparative HPLC (gradient acetonitrile / water + 0.1% HC02H) to yield 16 mg (27%) of 1-[2-(4- fluorophenyl)ethyl]-3-(8-fluoroquinolin-3-yl)tetrahydropyrimidin-2(1 H)-one as a white solid, together with 14 mg (24%) of the by-product 1-allyl-3-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethyl]-1-(8-fluoroquinolin-3-yl)urea as a light yellow oil. Product: logP = 2.80; mass (M+H) = 368. By-product: logP = 2.86; mass (M+H) = 368.
Preparation example 6: preparation of 5,5-dimethyl-1-(quinolin-3-yl)-3-{2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]- ethyl}tetrahydropyrimidin-2(1 H)-one (compound 1.195) To a solution of 80 mg (0.31 mmol) of 5,5-dimethyl-1-(quinolin-3-yl)tetrahydropyrimidin-2(1 H)-one in 10 mL of dimethylformamide [DMF], were added 15 mg of sodium hydride (60% in oil - 0.37 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at ambient temperature. 106 mg (0.40 mmol) of 1-(2- bromoethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzene were added and the reaction mixture was further stirred at ambient temperature for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was poured over 50 mL of water and extracted by ethyl acetate. The organic phase was dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give 77 mg of residue as a light orange solid. The residue was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (40 g cartridge - gradient dichloromethane/methanol) to yield 5 mg (3%) of 5,5-dimethyl-1- (quinolin-3-yl)-3-{2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethyl} tetrahydropyrimidin-2(1 H)-one as an orange oil together with 56 mg (70%) of starting material. LogP = 3.51 . Mass (M+H) = 428.
BIOLOGICAL EXAMPLES
Example A: Alternaria alternata in vitro cell test
Solvent: dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
Culture medium: 14.6 g anhydrous D-glucose (VWR),
7.1 g Mycological Peptone (Oxoid),
1 .4 g granulated Yeast Extract (Merck), QSP 1 liter
Inoculum: spore suspension
The tested compounds were solubilized in DMSO and the solution used to prepare the required range of concentrations. The final concentration of DMSO used in the assay was < 1 %.
A spore suspension of Altemaria alternata was prepared and diluted to the desired spore density.
The tested compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit spore germination and mycelium growth in liquid culture assay. The compounds were added in the desired concentration to the culture medium with spores. After 5 days incubation, fu ng i-t oxicity of compounds was determined by spectrometric measurement of mycelium growth. Inhibition of fungal growth was determined by comparing the absorbance values in wells containing the tested compound with the absorbance in control wells without tested compound.
In this test the following compounds according to the invention showed efficacy between 70% and 79% at a concentration of 20 ppm of active ingredient: 1.004; 1.005; 1.006; 1.007; 1.008; 1.010; 1.019; 1.021 ; I.027; I.036; 1.054; 1.093; 1.094; 1.098; 1.104; 1.108; 1.156; 1.165; 1.169; 1.171 ; 1.175; 1.191 ; 1.194.
In this test the following compounds according to the invention showed efficacy between 80% and 89% at a concentration of 20 ppm of active ingredient: 1.001 ; 1.012; 1.014; 1.015; 1.016; 1.017; 1.018; 1.022;
I.023; I.024; I.025; I.026; I.028; I.029; I.033; I.035; I.045; I.049; I.052; I.063; I.065; I.066; I.069; I.075;
1.081 ; I.082; I.086; I.099; 1.100; 1.101 ; 1.102; 1.107; 1.112; 1.1 17; 1.120; 1.122; 1.125; 1.127; 1.132; 1.134;
1.138; 1.146; 1.147; 1.150; 1.153; 1.155; 1.159; 1.188; 1.190; 1.192; 1.193.
In this test the following compounds according to the invention showed efficacy between 90% and 100% at a concentration of 20 ppm of active ingredient: 1.003; 1.013; 1.020; 1.043; 1.048; 1.051 ; 1.053; 1.057;
I.059; I.060; I.064; I.072; I.074; I.078; I.079; I.080; I.085; I.087; I.089; I.095; 1.1 10; 1.1 11 ; 1.1 14; 1.115;
1.1 16; 1.119; 1.123; 1.124; 1.128; 1.130; 1.131 ; 1.135; 1.136; 1.139; 1.140; 1.142; 1.143; 1.144; 1.149; 1.151 ;
1.152; 1.157; 1.167; 1.168; 1.170. Example B: Pyricularia oryzae in vitro cell test
Solvent: dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
Culture medium: 14.6 g anhydrous D-glucose (VWR),
7.1 g Mycological Peptone (Oxoid),
1 .4 g granulated Yeast Extract (Merck), QSP 1 liter
Inoculum: spore suspension
The tested compounds were solubilized in DMSO and the solution used to prepare the required range of concentrations. The final concentration of DMSO used in the assay was < 1 %.
A spore suspension of Pyricularia oryzae was prepared and diluted to the desired spore density.
The tested compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit spore germination and mycelium growth in liquid culture assay. The compounds were added in the desired concentration to the culture medium with spores. After 5 days incubation, fu ng i-t oxicity of compounds was determined by spectrometric measurement of mycelium growth. Inhibition of fungal growth was determined by comparing the absorbance values in wells containing the tested compound with the absorbance in control wells without tested compound.
In this test the following compounds according to the invention showed efficacy between 70% and 79% at a concentration of 20 ppm of active ingredient: 1.011 ; 1.014; 1.015; 1.016; 1.019; 1.021 ; 1.027; 1.038; I.049; 1.050; 1.054; 1.064; 1.074; I.084; I.086; 1.091 ; 1.099; 1.100; 1.117; 1.143.
In this test the following compounds according to the invention showed efficacy between 80% and 89% at a concentration of 20 ppm of active ingredient: 1.020; 1.029; 1.031 ; 1.052; 1.053; 1.059; 1.060; 1.063; I.066; I.079; I.082; I.085; I.088; 1.102; 1.104; 1.106; 1.107; 1.109; 1.1 11 ; 1.1 12; 1.1 15; 1.1 18; 1.1 19; 1.120; 1.127; 1.128; 1.130; 1.134; 1.138; 1.139; 1.142; 1.149; 1.152; 1.154; 1.161 ; 1.166; 1.167; 1.171 ; 1.192; 1.193.
In this test the following compounds according to the invention showed efficacy between 90% and 100% at a concentration of 20 ppm of active ingredient: 1.003; 1.013; 1.035; 1.037; 1.043; 1.051 ; 1.057; 1.065; I.069; I.072; I.078; I.089; I.095; 1.108; 1.110; 1.122; 1.124; 1.125; 1.131 ; 1.135; 1.136; 1.140; 1.147; 1.150; 1.151 ; 1.153; 1.155; 1.157; 1.158; 1.159; 1.163; 1.165; 1.168; 1.178; 1.189.
Example C: Colletotrichum lindemuthianum in vitro cell test
Solvent: dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
Culture medium: 14.6 g anhydrous D-glucose (VWR),
7.1 g Mycological Peptone (Oxoid),
1 .4 g granulated Yeast Extract (Merck), QSP 1 liter
Inoculum: spore suspension
The tested compounds were solubilized in DMSO and the solution used to prepare the required range of concentrations. The final concentration of DMSO used in the assay was < 1 %.
A spore suspension of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum was prepared and diluted to the desired spore density. The tested compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit spore germination and mycelium growth in liquid culture assay. The compounds were added in the desired concentration to the culture medium with spores. After 6 days incubation, fu ng i-t oxicity of compounds was determined by spectrometric measurement of mycelium growth. Inhibition of fungal growth was determined by comparing the absorbance values in wells containing the tested compound with the absorbance in control wells without tested compound.
In this test the following compounds according to the invention showed efficacy between 70% and 79% at a concentration of 20 ppm of active ingredient: 1.004; 1.010; 1.017; 1.023; 1.060; 1.075; 1.078; 1.105; 1.107; 1.125; 1.157; 1.158; 1.176; 1.194.
In this test the following compounds according to the invention showed efficacy between 80% and 89% at a concentration of 20 ppm of active ingredient: 1.002; 1.007; 1.012; 1.014; 1.019; 1.025; 1.028; 1.029; I.045; I.048; 1.057; 1.059; 1.070; 1.073; 1.089; 1.093; 1.102; 1.131 ; 1.147; 1.149; 1.152; 1.178.
In this test the following compounds according to the invention showed efficacy between 90% and 100% at a concentration of 20 ppm of active ingredient: 1.003; 1.009; 1.011 ; 1.013; 1.015; 1.020; 1.021 ; 1.038;
1.043; 1.051 ; I.052; I.053; I.063; I.064; I.072; I.077; I.079; I.080; 1.081 ; I.082; I.085; I.086; I.087; I.094;
I.095; I.097; I.098; 1.110; 1.111 ; 1.115; 1.117; 1.119; 1.120; 1.123; 1.124; 1.135; 1.136; 1.139; 1.140; 1.142;
1.168; 1.193.
Example D: Pyrenophora teres in vitro cell test
Solvent: dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
Culture medium: 14.6 g anhydrous D-glucose (VWR),
7.1 g Mycological Peptone (Oxoid),
1 .4 g granulated Yeast Extract (Merck), QSP 1 liter
Inoculum: spore suspension
The tested compounds were solubilized in DMSO and the solution used to prepare the required range of concentrations. The final concentration of DMSO used in the assay was < 1 %.
A spore suspension of Pyrenophora teres was prepared and diluted to the desired spore density.
The tested compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit spore germination and mycelium growth in liquid culture assay. The compounds were added in the desired concentration to the culture medium with spores. After 6 days incubation, fu ng i-t oxicity of compounds was determined by spectrometric measurement of mycelium growth. Inhibition of fungal growth was determined by comparing the absorbance values in wells containing the tested compound with the absorbance in control wells without tested compound.
In this test the following compounds according to the invention showed efficacy between 70% and 79% at a concentration of 20 ppm of active ingredient: 1.006; 1.008; 1.009; 1.010; 1.014; 1.016; 1.018; 1.022; I.027; I.030; 1.031 ; I.034; 1.042; I.045; I.074; I.077; I.084; I.090; 1.104; 1.106; 1.109; 1.138; 1.147; 1.148; 1.153; 1.155; 1.159; 1.165; 1.170. In this test the following compounds according to the invention showed efficacy between 80% and 89% at a concentration of 20 ppm of active ingredient: 1.004; 1.011 ; 1.025; 1.049; 1.054; 1.056; 1.062; 1.075; I.076; 1.081 ; I.083; I.086; 1.091 ; I.093; 1.102; 1.105; 1.107; 1.108; 1.1 17; 1.120; 1.122; 1.128; 1.130; 1.132; 1.139; 1.140; 1.146; 1.154; 1.156; 1.157; 1.158; 1.163; 1.167; 1.169; 1.171 ; 1.175; 1.191.
In this test the following compounds according to the invention showed efficacy between 90% and 100% at a concentration of 20 ppm of active ingredient: 1.015; 1.051 ; 1.059; 1.060; 1.063; 1.064; 1.065; 1.066; I.069; I.080; I.082; I.085; I.089; I.095; I.099; 1.100; 1.112; 1.1 14; 1.1 15; 1.1 16; 1.1 19; 1.124; 1.127; 1.131 ; 1.135; 1.136; 1.142; 1.143; 1.144; 1.150; 1.168; 1.173; 1.176; 1.178; 1.188; 1.189; 1.192; 1.193.
Example E: Fusarium culmorum in vitro cell test
Solvent: dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
Culture medium: 14.6 g anhydrous D-glucose (VWR),
7.1 g Mycological Peptone (Oxoid),
1 .4 g granulated Yeast Extract (Merck), QSP 1 liter
Inoculum: spore suspension
The tested compounds were solubilized in DMSO and the solution used to prepare the required range of concentrations. The final concentration of DMSO used in the assay was < 1 %.
A spore suspension of Fusarium culmorum was prepared and diluted to the desired spore density.
The tested compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit spore germination and mycelium growth in liquid culture assay. The compounds were added in the desired concentration to the culture medium with spores. After 4 days incubation, fu ng i-t oxicity of compounds was determined by spectrometric measurement of mycelium growth. Inhibition of fungal growth was determined by comparing the absorbance values in wells containing the tested compound with the absorbance in control wells without tested compound.
In this test the following compounds according to the invention showed efficacy between 70% and 79% at a concentration of 20 ppm of active ingredient: 1.015; 1.089; 1.135.
In this test the following compounds according to the invention showed efficacy between 80% and 89% at a concentration of 20 ppm of active ingredient: 1.045.
In this test the following compounds according to the invention showed efficacy between 90% and 100% at a concentration of 20 ppm of active ingredient: 1.003; 1.043; 1.052; 1.053; 1.059; 1.079; 1.095; 1.110; 1.11 1.
Example F: Botrytis cinerea in vitro cell test
Solvent: dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
Culture medium: 14.6 g anhydrous D-glucose (VWR),
7.1 g Mycological Peptone (Oxoid),
1 .4 g granulated Yeast Extract (Merck), QSP 1 liter
Inoculum: spore suspension The tested compounds were solubilized in DMSO and the solution used to prepare the required range of concentrations. The final concentration of DMSO used in the assay was < 1 %.
A spore suspension of Botrytis cinerea was prepared and diluted to the desired spore density.
The tested compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit spore germination and mycelium growth in liquid culture assay. The compounds were added in the desired concentration to the culture medium with spores. After 5 days incubation, fu ng i-t oxicity of compounds was determined by spectrometric measurement of mycelium growth. Inhibition of fungal growth was determined by comparing the absorbance values in wells containing the tested compound with the absorbance in control wells without tested compound.
In this test the following compounds according to the invention showed efficacy between 70% and 79% at a concentration of 20 ppm of active ingredient: 1.028; 1.079; 1.125.
In this test the following compounds according to the invention showed efficacy between 80% and 89% at a concentration of 20 ppm of active ingredient: 1.035; 1.111.
In this test the following compounds according to the invention showed efficacy between 90% and 100% at a concentration of 20 ppm of active ingredient: 1.003; 1.007; 1.013; 1.020; 1.023; 1.043; 1.048; 1.052; I.053; 1.057; 1.072; 1.078; 1.1 10.
Example G: Botrytis cinerea in vitro cell test
Solvent: dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)
Culture medium: 1 g KH2PO4 (VWR), 1 g K2HPO4 (VWR), 0.5 g Urea (VWR), 3 g KNO3 (Prolabo), 10 g saccharose (VWR), 0.5 g MgSO4, 7 H2O (Sigma), 0.07 g CaCl2 2 H2O (Prolabo), 0.2 mg MnSO4, H2O (Sigma), 0.6 mg CuSO4, 5 H2O (Sigma), 7.9 mg ZnSO4, 7 H2O (Sigma), 0.1 mg H3BO3 (Merck), 0.14 mg NaMoO4, 2 H2O (Sigma), 2 mg thiamine (Sigma), 0.1 mg biotine (VWR), 4 mg FeSO4, 7 H2O (Sigma), QSP 1 liter
Inoculum: spore suspension
The tested compounds were solubilized in DMSO and the solution used to prepare the required range of concentrations. The final concentration of DMSO used in the assay was < 1 %.
A spore suspension of Botrytis cinerea was prepared and diluted to the desired spore density.
The tested compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit spore germination and mycelium growth in liquid culture assay. The compounds were added in the desired concentration to the culture medium with spores. After 6 days incubation, fu ng i-t oxicity of compounds was determined by spectrometric measurement of mycelium growth. Inhibition of fungal growth was determined by comparing the absorbance values in wells containing the tested compound with the absorbance in control wells without tested compound.
In this test the following compounds according to the invention showed efficacy between 70% and 79% at a concentration of 20 ppm of active ingredient: 1.016; 1.075; 1.141. In this test the following compounds according to the invention showed efficacy between 80% and 89% at a concentration of 20 ppm of active ingredient: 1.021 ; 1.032; 1.096; 1.108; 1.137; 1.174; 1.177; 1.186.
In this test the following compounds according to the invention showed efficacy between 90% and 100% at a concentration of 20 ppm of active ingredient: 1.002; 1.004; 1.010; 1.011 ; 1.014; 1.015; 1.017; 1.019; I.025; I.026; I.027; I.029; I.030; 1.031 ; I.034; I.036; I.038; I.042; I.045; I.049; I.050; 1.051 ; I.052; I.054;
I.056; I.059; I.060; 1.061 ; I.063; I.064; I.065; I.066; I.067; I.069; I.073; I.074; I.076; I.080; 1.081 ; I.082;
1.083; I.085; I.086; I.087; I.088; I.089; I.090; 1.091 ; I.093; I.095; I.098; I.099; 1.100; 1.101 ; 1.102; 1.104;
1.105; 1.106; 1.107; 1.109; 1.112; 1.114; 1.115; 1.116; 1.117; 1.1 18; 1.1 19; 1.120; 1.121 ; 1.122; 1.123; 1.124;
1.127; 1.128; 1.130; 1.131 ; 1.132; 1.135; 1.136; 1.138; 1.139; 1.140; 1.142; 1.143; 1.144; 1.146; 1.147; 1.149;
1.150; 1.151 ; 1.152; 1.153; 1.154; 1.155; 1.156; 1.157; 1.158; 1.159; 1.161 ; 1.163; 1.164; 1.165; 1.166; 1.167;
1.168; 1.169; 1.170; 1.171 ; 1.173; 1.175; 1.176; 1.178; 1.181 ; 1.182; 1.188; 1.189; 1.190; 1.191 ; 1.192; 1.193;
1.194.
Example H : in vivo preventive test on Botrytis cinerea (grey mould)
Solvent: 5% by volume of dimethyl sulfoxide
10% by volume of acetone
Emulsifier: 1 μL of Tween® 80 per mg of active ingredient
The tested compounds were made soluble and homogenized in a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide/acetone/ /Tween® 80 and then diluted in water to the desired concentration.
The young plants of gherkin or cabbage were treated by spraying the tested compounds prepared as described above. Control plants were treated only with an aqueous solution of acetone/dimethyl sulfoxide/Tween® 80.
After 24 hours, the plants were contaminated by spraying the leaves with an aqueous suspension of Botrytis cinerea spores. The contaminated gherkin plants were incubated for 4 to 5 days at 17 °C and at 90% relative humidity. The contaminated cabbage plants were incubated for 4 to 5 days at 20°C and at 100% relative humidity.
The test was evaluated 4 to 5 days after the inoculation. 0% means an efficacy which corresponds to that of the control plants while an efficacy of 100% means that no disease is observed.
In this test the following compounds according to the invention showed efficacy between 70% and 79% at a concentration of 500 ppm of active ingredient: 1.025; 1.050; 1.056; 1.098; 1.103; 1.127; 1.147; 1.182.
In this test the following compounds according to the invention showed efficacy between 80% and 89% at a concentration of 500 ppm of active ingredient: 1.008; 1.011 ; 1.038; 1.051 ; 1.063; 1.065; 1.088; 1.094; 1.100; 1.104; 1.106; 1.117; 1.130; 1.137; 1.156; 1.163; 1.166; 1.190.
In this test the following compounds according to the invention showed efficacy between 90% and 100% at a concentration of 500 ppm of active ingredient: 1.004; 1.015; 1.020; 1.027; 1.033; 1.043; 1.048; 1.053;
I.054; I.057; I.059; I.060; 1.061 ; I.064; I.066; I.067; I.069; I.074; I.078; I.079; I.080; 1.081 ; I.082; I.083;
I.085; I.086; I.087; I.089; I.090; I.093; I.095; I.099; 1.101 ; 1.1 10; 1.114; 1.1 15; 1.1 16; 1.1 18; 1.1 19; 1.120; 1.121 ; 1.122; 1.124; 1.128; 1.131 ; 1.132; 1.135; 1.136; 1.138; 1.139; 1.140; 1.141 ; 1.142; 1.143; 1.144; 1.146;
1.149; 1.150; 1.151 ; 1.152; 1.153; 1.154; 1.157; 1.158; 1.159; 1.161 ; 1.165; 1.167; 1.168; 1.169; 1.170; 1.171.
Example I: in vivo preventive test on Venturia inaequalis (apples)
Solvent: 24.5 parts by weight of acetone
24.5 parts by weight of dimethylacetamide
Emulsifier: 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
To produce a suitable preparation of the tested compound, 1 part by weight of the tested compound was mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate was diluted with water to the desired concentration.
To test for preventive activity, young plants were sprayed with the preparation of the tested compound at the stated rate of application.
After the spray coating had dried on, the plants were inoculated with an aqueous conidia suspension of the causal agent of apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) and then remained for 1 day in an incubation cabinet at approximately 20 °C and a relative atmospheric humidity of 100%.
The plants were then placed in a greenhouse at approximately 21 °C and a relative atmospheric humidity of approximately 90%.
The test was evaluated 10 days after the inoculation. 0% means an efficacy which corresponds to that of the untreated control, while an efficacy of 100% means that no disease is observed.
In this test the following compounds according to the invention showed efficacy between 90% and 100% at a concentration of 250 ppm of active ingredient: 1.043; 1.057; 1.078.

Claims

1. A compound of formula (I):
Figure imgf000142_0001
W1 is CY1 or N;
Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4 and Y5 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C1-C8-alkyl, C2-C8-alkenyl, C2-C8-alkynyl, C3-C7-cycloalkyl, C4-C7-cycloalkenyl, C1-C8-alkoxy, formyl, C1-C8-alkylcarbonyl, (hydroxyimino)C1-C8-alkyl, carboxyl, (C1-C8-alkoxyimino)C1-C8-alkyl, C1-C8- alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, C1-C8-alkyl-carbamoyl, di-C1-C8-alkylcarbamoyl, amino, C1-C8-alkylamino, di-C1-C8-alkyl-amino, sulfanyl, C1-C8-alkylsulfanyl, C1-C8-alkylsulfinyl, C1-C8-alkylsulfonyl, tri-C1-C6- alkylsilyl, cyano and nitro, wherein acyclic aliphatic Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4 and Y5 radicals may be substituted with one or more Ya substituents and wherein cyclic Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4 and Y5 radicals may be substituted with one or more Yb substituents;
Z is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C1-C8-alkyl, C2-C8- alkenyl, C2-C8-alkynyl, C1-C8-alkoxy, C3-C7-cycloalkyl, C4-C7-cycloalkenyl, formyl, C1-C8-alkylcarbonyl, (hydroxyimino)C1-C8-alkyl, (C1-C8-alkoxyimino)C1-C8-alkyl, carboxyl, C1-C8-alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C8- alkylcarbamoyl, di-C1-C8-alkylcarbamoyl, C1-C8-alkylamino, di-C1-C8-alkylamino, sulfanyl, C1-C8- alkylsu Ifinyl, C1-C8-alkylsulfonyl, tri-C1-C6-alkylsilyl, cyano and nitro, wherein acyclic aliphatic Z radicals may be substituted with one or more Za substituents and wherein cyclic Z radicals may be substituted with one or more Zb substituents;
T is O or S;
Q1 is CR1aR1b;
Q2 is a direct bond or CR2aR2b;
R1a and R1b are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C1-C8-alkyl, C2-C8-alkenyl, C3-C7-cycloalkyl, hydroxy, C1-C8-alkoxy, sulfanyl, C1-C8-alkylsulfanyl, C1-C8-alkylsu Ifinyl, C1-C8-alkylsulfonyl, tri-C1-C6-alkylsilyl and cyano, wherein acyclic aliphatic R1a and R1b radicals may be substituted with one or more Ra substituents and wherein cyclic R1a and R1b radicals may be substituted with one or more Rb substituents, or
R1a and R1b form, together with the carbon atom to which they are linked, a C3-C7-cycloalkyl ring wherein said C3-C7-cycloalkyl may be substituted with one or more Rb substituents, R2a and R2b are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, halogen atom, C1-C8-alkyl, C2-C8-alkenyl, C3-C7-cycloalkyl, hydroxy, C1-C8-alkoxy, sulfanyl, C1-C8-alkylsulfanyl, C1-C8-alkylsu Ifinyl, C1-C8-alkylsulfonyl, tri-C1-C6-alkylsilyl and cyano, wherein acyclic aliphatic R2a and R2b radicals may be substituted with one or more Ra substituents and wherein cyclic R2a and R2b radicals may be substituted with one or more Rb substituents, or
R2a and R2b form, together with the carbon atom to which they are linked, a C3-C7 cycloalkyl ring wherein said C3-C7 cycloalkyl may be substituted with one or more Rb substituents;
X1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, C1-C8-alkyl and C2-C8-alkenyl;
X2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, C1-C8-alkyl, C2-C8-alkenyl, C3-C8- alkynyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl C4-C7-cycloalkenyl, C1-C8-alkoxy, C1-C8-alkylsulfanyl-C1-C8-alkyl, C1-C8- alkylsulfinyl-C1-C8-alkyl, C1-C8-alkylsulfonyl-C1-C8-alkyl, 3- to 10-membered heterocyclyl, C6-C14-aryl- C1-C8-alkyl, 3- to 10-membered heterocyclyl-C1-C8-alkyl, 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl-C1-C8-alkyl, tri- C1-C6-alkylsilyl and tri-C1-C6-alkylsilyl-C1-C8-alkyl, wherein acyclic aliphatic X2 radicals may be substituted with one or more Xa substituents and wherein cyclic X2 radicals may be substituted with one or more Xb substituents; or
X1 and X2 may form, together with the [thio]urea moiety to which they are linked, a 5 to 7- membered saturated heterocyclyl ring, wherein said 5 to 7-membered heterocyclyl ring may be substituted with one or more Xc substituents; provided that at least one of X1 and X2 does not represent a hydrogen atom when R1a and R1b form, together with the carbon atom to which they are linked, a cyclohexyl radical;
A is selected from the group consisting of C1-C8-alkyl, C2-C8-alkenyl, C2-C8-alkynyl, C3-C7- cycloalkyl, C4-C7-cycloalkenyl, hydroxyl, C1-C8-alkoxy, sulfanyl, C1-C8-alkylsulfanyl, C1-C8-alkylsulfinyl, C1-C8-alkylsulfonyl, C6-C14-aryl, 3- to 10-membered heterocyclyl, 5- to 14-membered heteroaryl, C6-C14- aryloxy, 3- to 10-membered heterocyclyloxy, 5- to 14-membered heteroaryloxy, C6-C14-arylsulfanyl, 3- to 10-membered heterocyclylsulfanyl, 5- to 14-membered heteroarylsulfanyl, tri-C1-C6-alkylsilyl and cyano, wherein acyclic aliphatic A radicals may be substituted with one or more Aa substituents and wherein cyclic A radicals may be substituted with one or more Ab substituents;
Za, Xa, Ya, Ra and Aa are independently selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, nitro, hydroxyl, cyano, carboxyl, amino, sulfanyl, pentafluoro-X6-sulfanyl, formyl, carbamoyl, carbamate, C3-C7-cycloalkyl, C3-C8-halogenocycloalkyl having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, C2-C8-alkenyl, C2-C8-alkynyl, C1-C8-alkylamino, di-C1-C8-alkylamino, C1-C8-alkoxy, C1-C8-halogenoalkoxy having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, C1-C8-alkylcarbonyl, C1-C8-halogenoalkylcarbonyl having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, C1-C8- alkylcarbamoyl, di-C1-C8-alkylcarbamoyl, C1-C8-alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C8-halogeno-alkoxycarbonyl having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, C1-C8-alkylcarbonyloxy, C1-C8-halogenoalkylcarbonyloxy having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, C1-C8-alkylcarbonylamino, C1-C8-halogenoalkylcarbonylamino having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, C1- Cs-alkylsulfanyl, C1-C8-halogenoalkylsulfanyl having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, C1-C8-alkylsulfinyl, C1-C8- halogenoalkylsulfinyl having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, C1-C8-alkylsulfonyl and C1-C8-halogeno-alkyl- sulfonyl having 1 to 5 halogen atoms; Zb, Xb, Yb, Rb and Ab are independently selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, nitro, hydroxyl, cyano, carboxyl, amino, sulfanyl, pentafluoro-X6-sulfanyl, formyl, carbamoyl, carbamate, C1-C8-alkyl, C3-C7-cycloalkyl, C1-C8-halogenoalkyl having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, C3-C8- halogenocycloalkyl having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, C2-C8-alkenyl, C4-C7-cycloalkenyl, C2-C8-alkynyl, C1-C8-alkylamino, di-C1-C8-alkylamino, C1-C8-alkoxy, C1-C8-halogenoalkoxy having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, C1-C8-alkylcarbonyl, C1-C8-halogenoalkylcarbonyl having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, C1-C8- alkylcarbamoyl, di-C1-C8-alkylcarbamoyl, C1-C8-alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C8-halogeno-alkoxycarbonyl having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, C1-C8-alkylcarbonyloxy, C1-C8-halogenoalkylcarbonyloxy having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, C1-C8-alkylcarbonylamino, C1-C8-halogenoalkylcarbonylamino having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, Ci- C8-alkylsulfanyl, C1-C8-halogenoalkylsulfanyl having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, C1-C8-alkylsulfinyl, C1-C8- halogenoalkylsulfinyl having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, C1-C8-alkylsulfonyl and C1-C8-halogeno-alkyl- sulfonyl having 1 to 5 halogen atoms ;
Xc is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-C8-alkyl, C3-C 7c-ycloalkyl, C1-C8- halogenoalkyl having 1 to 5 halogen atoms, C2-C8-alkenyl, C1-C8-alkoxy and C1-C8-alkylsulfanyl; as well as their salts, N-oxides and solvates; provided that the compound of formula (I) is not a compound of formula (I’):
Figure imgf000144_0001
wherein:
Y’4 and Y’5 are fluoro atoms and X’2 is selected from the group consisting of C3- C7c-ycloalkyl or C4-C7- cycloalkenyl; or
Y’4 is a hydrogen atom, Y’5 is a fluoro atom and X’2 is selected from the group consisting of C3-C7- cycloalkyl or C4-C7-cycloalkenyl; or
Y’4 is a hydrogen atom, Y’5 is a methyl and X’2 is selected from the group consisting of C3-C7-cycloalkyl or C4-C7-cycloalkenyl; and the chain Q'1-Q'2-A' represents a C1-C6-alkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl, C2-C6-alkynyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, C2-C6- alkenyloxy, C2-C6-alkynyloxy, CH2-C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkoxy, CH2-phenyl, or CH2-heteroaryl ; wherein the heteroaryl contains 1 , 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S; wherein the acyclic and cyclic moieties of the chain Q'1-Q'2-A' are unsubstituted or substituted by one to six groups A'a which independently of one another are selected from: halogen, CN, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-halogenoalkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl, C2-C6-halogenoalkenyl, C2-C6-alkynyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, C2-C6-alkenyloxy, C2-C6-alkynyloxy, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkoxy, phenyl, phenoxy, 5- to 6-membered heteroaryl or heteroaryloxy, wherein the heteroaryl contains 1 , 2 or 3 heteroatoms selected from N, O and S; wherein the acyclic and cyclic moieties of A’a are unsubstituted or substituted by one to six groups A’b which independently of one another are selected from: halogen, CN, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-halogenoalkyl, C2-C6-alkenyl, C2-C6-halogenoalkenyl, C2-C6-alkynyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, C2-C6-alkenyloxy, C2-C6-alkynyloxy, C3-C6-cycloalkyl, C3-C6-cycloalkoxy; wherein the groups A'b are unsubstituted or substituted by one to six halogen or CN; and provided that the compound of formula (I) is not:
- 1-(3-cyano-1 ,4-dioxidoquinoxalin-2-yl)-3-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]urea [2608087-89-2],
- 1-benzyl-3-quinolin-3-ylthiourea [2605217-29-4],
- 1 ,1-diethyl-3-quinolin-3-ylthiourea [2376288-37-6],
- 1-ethyl-3-quinoxalin-2-ylurea [2095854-34-3],
- 1 -{2-[3-(prop-1 -en-2-yl)phenyl]propan-2-yl}-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [1245750-53-1 ],
- 1-[2-(2-chlorophenyl)ethyl]-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [1055941-89-3],
- 1 ,3-dimethyl-1 -[(1 S)-1 -phenylethyl]-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [1042947-32-9],
- 1-[2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [648420-83-1],
- 1-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [648420-81 -9],
- 1-quinolin-3-yl-3-[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]urea [648420-79-5],
- 1 , 1 -diethyl-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [510734-36-8],
- 1-benzyl-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [443755-10-0],
- 1 -allyl-3-quinolin-3-ylthiourea [220605-07-2],
- 1-(2-phenylethyl)-3-quinolin-3-ylthiourea [149485-26-7],
- methyl 6,7-dimethyl-3-[(propylcarbamoyl)amino]quinoxaline-2-carboxylate [107551-46-2],
- 1-butyl-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [85261-09-2],
- 1-isopropyl-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [85261-08-1],
- 1-propyl-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [85261-07-0],
- 1-ethyl-3-quinolin-3-ylurea [85261-06-9],
- 3-[(ethylcarbamoyl)amino]-6,7-dimethylquinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid [80144-42-9] and
- 1 -tert-butyl-3-quinolin-3-ylthiourea [60572-57-8],
2. The compound of formula (I) according to the preceding claim wherein W1 is N or CY1 and Y1 is a hydrogen atom.
3. The compound of formula (I) according to any one of the preceding claims wherein Y2, Y3, Y4 and Y5 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom and halogen atom.
4. The compound of formula (I) according to any one of the preceding claims wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom and C1-C6-alkyl.
5. The compound of formula (I) according to any one of the preceding claims wherein X1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, C1-C6-alkyl and C2-C6-alkenyl.
6. The compound of formula (I) according to any one of the preceding claims wherein X2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-halogenoalkyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C2-C6-alkenyl, C2-C6-halogenoalkenyl comprising up to 9 halogen atoms that can be the same or different, C3-C6-alkynyl, C3-C7- cycloalkyl, C3- C7c-ycloalkyl-C1-C6-alkyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, 3- to 10-membered heterocyclyl-C1-C6- alkyl comprising 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of O, N and S.
7. The compound of formula (I) according to any of claims 1 to 4 wherein X1 and X2 form, together with the [thio]urea moiety to which they are linked, a 5 to 7-membered saturated heterocyclyl ring wherein said 5 to 7-membered heterocyclic ring may be substituted with one or more Xc substituents.
8. The compound of formula (I) according to any one of the preceding claims wherein R1a and R1b are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom, C1-C6-alkyl and C3-C7- cycloalkyl or R1a and R1bform, together with the carbon atom to which they are linked, a C3-C6- cycloalkyl.
9. The compound of formula (I) according to any one of the preceding claims wherein R2a and R2b are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atom and C1-C6-alkyl.
10. The compound of formula (I) according to any one of the preceding claims wherein A is selected from the group consisting of C3-C8-alkyl, C3-C7-cycloalkyl, C6-C14-aryl, 3- to 6-membered heterocyclyl comprising 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of O, N and S, 5- or 6-membered heteroaryl comprising 1 to 4 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of O, N and S, wherein cyclic A radicals may be substituted with one or more Ab substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen atom, C1-C8-alkyl, C1-C6-halogenoalkyl and cyano.
11. A composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I) according to any one of claims 1 to 10 and at least one agriculturally suitable auxiliary.
12. A method for controlling unwanted phytopathogenic microorganism which comprises the step of applying one or more compounds of formula (I) according to any one of claims 1 to 10 or a composition according to claim 11 to a plant, plant part, seed, fruit or to the soil in which the plant grows.
13. A process for preparing a compound of formula (I) according to any one of claims 1 to 6 and 8 to 10, in which X1 is hydrogen, represented by formula (la): comprising the step of reacting an iso[thio]cyanate of formula (II) with an amine of formula ( III):
Figure imgf000147_0001
wherein W1, Z, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, T, Q1, Q2, X2 and A are as recited in any one of claims 1 to 6 and 8 to 10 or comprising the step of reacting a [thio]carbamate of formula (V) with an amine of formula ( III):
Figure imgf000147_0002
wherein U1 is a leaving group and W1, Z, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, T, Q1, Q2, X2 and A are as recited in any one of claims 1 to 6 and 8 to 10.
14. A process for preparing a compound of formula (I) according to any one of claims 1 to 10: comprising the step of reacting a [thio]carbamate of formula (VI) with an amine of formula (IVb):
Figure imgf000147_0003
wherein U2 is a leaving group and W1, Z, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, T, Q1, Q2, X1, X2 and A are as recited in any one of claims 1 to 10 or comprising the step of reacting a compound of formula (la) with an alkyl halide of formula
(VIII):
Figure imgf000148_0001
wherein Hal1 is chloro, bromo or iodo and W1, Z, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, T, Q1, Q2, X1, X2 and A are as recited in any one of claims 1 to 10.
15. A process for preparing a compound of formula (I), according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and 7 to 10, in which X1 and X2 form, together with the [thio]urea moiety to which they are linked, a heterocyclyl ring, represented by formula (Ic) comprising the step of:
- reacting a compound of formula (lb) with an alkyl dihalide of formula (IX):
Figure imgf000148_0002
wherein:
Hal2 and Hal3 are independently chloro, bromo or iodo; n is 1 , 2 or 3; and
W1, Z, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, T, Q1, Q2 and A are as recited in any one of claims 1 to 10; or
- reacting a compound of formula (X) with halogen derivative of formula (XI):
Figure imgf000148_0003
wherein:
Hal4 is chloro, bromo or iodo; n is 1 , 2 or 3; and
W1, Z, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, T, Q1, Q2 and A are as recited in any one of claims 1 to 10.
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