WO2020026796A1 - 膜・触媒接合体の製造方法、及び製造装置 - Google Patents
膜・触媒接合体の製造方法、及び製造装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020026796A1 WO2020026796A1 PCT/JP2019/028006 JP2019028006W WO2020026796A1 WO 2020026796 A1 WO2020026796 A1 WO 2020026796A1 JP 2019028006 W JP2019028006 W JP 2019028006W WO 2020026796 A1 WO2020026796 A1 WO 2020026796A1
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8878—Treatment steps after deposition of the catalytic active composition or after shaping of the electrode being free-standing body
- H01M4/8896—Pressing, rolling, calendering
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- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8803—Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/881—Electrolytic membranes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
- B29C65/4895—Solvent bonding, i.e. the surfaces of the parts to be joined being treated with solvents, swelling or softening agents, without adhesives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/0038—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding involving application of liquid to the layers prior to lamination, e.g. wet laminating
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- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8803—Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8814—Temporary supports, e.g. decal
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- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8878—Treatment steps after deposition of the catalytic active composition or after shaping of the electrode being free-standing body
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1004—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by membrane-electrode assemblies [MEA]
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
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- H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1023—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon, e.g. polyarylenes, polystyrenes or polybutadiene-styrenes
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1025—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon and oxygen, e.g. polyethers, sulfonated polyetheretherketones [S-PEEK], sulfonated polysaccharides, sulfonated celluloses or sulfonated polyesters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1027—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having carbon, oxygen and other atoms, e.g. sulfonated polyethersulfones [S-PES]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1032—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having sulfur, e.g. sulfonated-polyethersulfones [S-PES]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1039—Polymeric electrolyte materials halogenated, e.g. sulfonated polyvinylidene fluorides
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for manufacturing a member formed by joining a polymer electrolyte membrane and a catalyst layer, that is, a membrane / catalyst assembly, used for an electrochemical apparatus such as a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
- a fuel cell is a kind of power generation device that extracts electric energy by electrochemically oxidizing a fuel such as hydrogen or methanol, and has recently attracted attention as a clean energy supply source.
- the polymer electrolyte fuel cell has a relatively low standard operating temperature of around 100 ° C. and a high energy density, so that it is a relatively small-scale distributed power generation facility, and a power generation device for a mobile body such as an automobile or a ship.
- a wide range of applications are expected.
- Polymer electrolyte membranes (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “electrolyte membranes”) are key materials for solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells.
- electrolyte membranes are key materials for solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells.
- polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzers and electrochemical hydrogen pumps have been further developed. Consideration is also being given to application to hydrogen infrastructure related equipment.
- a member in which an electrolyte membrane and a catalyst layer are joined is used.
- a typical example of such a member is an electrolyte membrane with a catalyst layer in which a catalyst layer is formed on the surface of an electrolyte membrane.
- a method for producing an electrolyte membrane with a catalyst layer for example, the following method is known. First, using a sheet of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or the like having excellent release properties as a temporary base material, a catalyst solution is applied to the surface of the sheet. Then, the solvent in the applied catalyst solution is evaporated to form a dried catalyst layer. Further, the dried catalyst layer and the electrolyte membrane are thermocompressed using a surface press or a roll press to transfer the catalyst layer to the polymer electrolyte membrane. Finally, the temporary substrate is peeled from the catalyst layer transferred to the polymer electrolyte membrane.
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- the method of once transferring the catalyst layer to the electrolyte membrane after the catalyst layer is in a dry state is that when the solvent in the catalyst solution adheres to the electrolyte membrane, the electrolyte membrane swells and wrinkles are generated, and the shape is lost. This is because
- the adhesiveness between the catalyst layer and the electrolyte membrane may be insufficient unless the catalyst layer is pressed for a long time at a high temperature and a high pressure.
- severe thermocompression bonding conditions are applied to improve the adhesion between the catalyst layer and the electrolyte membrane, the gas diffusion property may be reduced due to the compression deformation of the catalyst layer, and good power generation performance may not be obtained.
- the electrolyte membrane may be damaged by thermal stress and durability may be reduced.
- simply reducing the temperature and pressure of the press to reduce damage to the catalyst layer and the electrolyte membrane would require a correspondingly long press time, which would greatly reduce productivity.
- a solution of a binder resin having proton conductivity is applied to a bonding surface of a catalyst layer with an electrolyte membrane, and bonding is performed before the solution is completely dried. Plays a role of an adhesive, and can improve the adhesion between the electrolyte membrane and the catalyst layer even at a low temperature and a low pressure.
- a solution of a binder resin having proton conductivity is used for joining the electrolyte membrane and the catalyst layer, the production cost is increased.
- the binder resin is a component similar to the electrolyte membrane, and the electrical resistance increases due to the substantial increase in the thickness of the electrolyte membrane, and the organic solvent in the solution remains at the interface between the electrolyte membrane and the catalyst layer.
- the power generation performance may be reduced by performing the method.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a member (hereinafter, referred to as a “membrane-catalyst assembly”) in which a polymer electrolyte membrane and a catalyst layer are bonded, and to determine the thermocompression bonding conditions (press pressure, press temperature, press time).
- An object of the present invention is to provide a manufacturing method capable of realizing both relaxation and improvement in adhesion between a catalyst layer and an electrolyte membrane with high productivity.
- the present invention for solving the above problems is a method for producing a membrane / catalyst assembly in which a catalyst layer is bonded to an electrolyte membrane, and a liquid application step of applying a liquid to the surface of the catalyst layer before bonding.
- the present invention is an apparatus for producing a membrane / catalyst assembly in which a catalyst layer is bonded to an electrolyte membrane
- a membrane / catalyst assembly manufacturing apparatus comprising: a liquid application unit that applies a liquid to the surface of the catalyst layer before bonding; and a thermocompression bonding unit that bonds the catalyst layer provided with the liquid and the electrolyte membrane by thermocompression. is there.
- a membrane / catalyst layer assembly is manufactured while achieving high productivity while alleviating the thermocompression bonding conditions (press pressure, press temperature, press time) and improving the adhesion between the catalyst layer and the electrolyte membrane. can do.
- 1 is a side view showing a schematic configuration of a first embodiment of a membrane / catalyst assembly manufacturing apparatus of the present invention. It is a side view which shows schematic structure of 2nd embodiment of the membrane-catalyst assembly manufacturing apparatus of this invention. It is a side view which shows schematic structure for forming the 1st catalyst layer in 3rd embodiment of the membrane-catalyst assembly manufacturing apparatus of this invention. It is a side view which shows schematic structure for forming the 2nd catalyst layer in 3rd embodiment of the membrane-catalyst assembly manufacturing apparatus of this invention. It is a side view which shows the schematic structure for forming the 1st catalyst layer in 4th Embodiment of the membrane-catalyst assembly manufacturing apparatus of this invention.
- the effects of the present invention may be as follows.
- the electrolyte membrane and the catalyst layer are sandwiched in a state where a liquid is applied to the bonding surface of the catalyst layer with the electrolyte membrane, so that air present at the interface is expelled and the electrolyte membrane and the catalyst layer are removed. Approximately only liquid exists between the two. In this state, when heat is further applied, the liquid evaporates and the interface is evacuated, so that the adhesion between the catalyst layer and the electrolyte is improved. Furthermore, since the electrolyte membrane is softened by contact with the liquid, the adhesion between the two is further improved.
- the electrolyte membrane is held by the clamping pressure during thermocompression while in contact with the liquid, swelling can be prevented.
- the liquid evaporated at the interface is discharged out of the membrane-catalyst assembly by passing through the pores of the catalyst layer having a porous structure.
- membrane-catalyst assembly in this specification refers to not only a so-called electrolyte membrane with a catalyst layer having a catalyst layer formed on the surface of an electrolyte membrane, but also a laminate having a bonding surface between the electrolyte membrane and the catalyst layer.
- the term implies general.
- a membrane electrode assembly in which a so-called gas diffusion electrode in which a catalyst layer is formed on one surface of a substrate made of gas permeable carbon paper or the like and an electrolyte membrane is also an embodiment of the “membrane-catalyst assembly” It is.
- the electrolyte membrane provided for the method and apparatus for producing a membrane / catalyst assembly of the present invention has proton conductivity, and is a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, a polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis apparatus, and an electrochemical hydrogen pump.
- a fluorine-based electrolyte membrane made of perfluorosulfonic acid or a hydrocarbon-based electrolyte membrane made of a hydrocarbon-based polymer having a hydrocarbon-based skeleton imparted with proton conductivity can also be used.
- hydrocarbon-based electrolyte membranes have a higher glass transition temperature than fluorine-based electrolyte membranes and have a large shrinkage deformation upon heating, so it is difficult to find transfer conditions with excellent productivity by ordinary thermocompression bonding.
- the manufacturing method and manufacturing apparatus of the present invention can be suitably applied.
- the catalyst layer used in the method and apparatus for manufacturing a membrane / catalyst assembly of the present invention is used as a catalyst layer used in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell, a polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzer, an electrochemical hydrogen pump, and the like. There is no particular limitation as long as it operates. Generally, a porous structure composed of conductive particles such as carbon particles, catalyst particles such as platinum particles or platinum alloy particles supported on the conductive particles, and an electrolyte component such as an ionomer having proton conductivity is used. The catalyst layer provided can be used.
- the conductive particles oil furnace black, gas furnace black, acetylene black, thermal black, graphite, carbon such as carbon nanotube, graphene, and metal oxide such as tin oxide are preferably used.
- a noble metal simple substance such as platinum, iridium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, an alloy of manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc and the like with platinum or a ternary alloy of platinum and ruthenium is preferable.
- Nafion registered trademark, manufactured by Kemers Corporation
- Aquivion registered trademark, manufactured by Solvay
- Flemion registered trademark, manufactured by Asahi Glass Co.
- Aciplex registered trademark, Asahi Kasei Co., Ltd.
- Fumion F registered trademark, manufactured by FuMA-Tech Co.
- hydrocarbon-based polymers such as polysulfonesulfonic acid, polyaryletherketonesulfonic acid, polybenzimidazolealkylsulfonic acid, and polybenzimidazolealkylphosphonic acid.
- Polystyrenesulfonic acid, polyetheretherketonesulfonic acid, polyphenylsulfonic acid, and the like are preferably used.
- the catalyst solution is not particularly limited as long as these catalyst layer materials are dispersed in a solvent that evaporates upon drying and are sufficient to form a catalyst layer on the electrolyte membrane.
- a solvent water, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, tert-butanol and ethylene glycol, N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and the like are preferable. Used for
- the liquid application step is a step of applying a liquid to the surface of the catalyst layer before joining, that is, the joining surface with the electrolyte membrane.
- the application of the liquid means that a state where the liquid is attached to the surface of the catalyst layer in an exposed state is formed. It is desirable that the liquid does not substantially penetrate into the inside of the catalyst layer.
- the electrolyte component in the catalyst layer dissolves, thereby reducing the strength of the catalyst layer and easily causing cracks in the thermocompression bonding step.
- the catalyst layer is previously supported by the base material, if the liquid permeates and reaches the interface between the catalyst layer and the base material, the releasability of the catalyst layer from the base material may be reduced. There is.
- the liquid is not particularly limited as long as it is a material that evaporates by heating in the subsequent thermocompression bonding step and has no toxicity to the electrolyte membrane and the catalyst layer.
- water alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, and tert-butanol, and a mixture thereof can be used, but it is preferable to use a liquid containing at least water. If the liquid undergoes a rapid temperature change during thermocompression, wrinkles may occur in the electrolyte membrane.However, water has a higher boiling point and specific heat than the above alcohol, and the temperature rise during thermocompression is slow. If it is a liquid containing, the damage can be suppressed.
- the liquid containing water preferably has a water content of 50% by mass to 100% by mass, more preferably 90% by mass to 100% by mass, and still more preferably 100% by mass. That is, it is most preferable to use pure water as the liquid.
- pure water is high-purity water that does not contain impurities, and is JIS557K0557 (1998) A4 level water obtained by a commercially available pure water production device that is sampled through a reverse osmosis membrane and an ion exchange resin. Or something with the same quality.
- the liquid may contain a solid material in a dissolved or dispersed state as long as it has fluidity as a whole and the effects of the present invention can be obtained.
- the method of applying the liquid is not particularly limited, and a method of forming a uniform coating film on the surface of the catalyst layer using a gravure coater, a die coater, a comma coater, etc., and transferring the catalyst to a liquid tank containing the liquid.
- a method of dipping the sheet and a method of applying a liquid in the form of droplets to the surface of the catalyst layer are mentioned, and a method of applying a liquid in the form of droplets to the surface of the catalyst layer is particularly preferable.
- the term “droplet shape” refers to a state in which droplets are attached innumerably to the surface of the catalyst layer.
- a droplet is a lump of liquid collected by surface tension and has a size of 1 cm 2 or less on the catalyst layer. If it is applied in the form of droplets, it is possible to uniformly apply a minimum necessary amount of liquid for softening the electrolyte membrane to the bonding surface. The fact that the applied droplets are uniform means that the total amount of liquid applied around 1 cm 2 of the bonding surface is the same at any position. Further, even a liquid such as water which is easily repelled to the catalyst layer and in which it is difficult to form a uniform coating film, can be easily applied in the form of droplets.
- the contact area with the catalyst layer is small if it is in the form of droplets, it is possible to minimize the penetration of the liquid into the catalyst layer until thermocompression bonding is performed. Note that the droplet is pushed out at the interface by the pinching pressure in the thermocompression bonding step and is bonded to the surrounding droplets, so that the electrolyte membrane can be softened on all surfaces of the interface.
- the liquid application step it is preferable to apply the liquid such that the liquid volume at the time of starting the compression bonding in the thermocompression bonding step is 0.1 ⁇ L or more and 5 ⁇ L or less per 1 cm 2 of the catalyst layer surface. If the liquid volume in the thermocompression bonding step is less than 0.1 ⁇ L per 1 cm 2 , the electrolyte membrane cannot be sufficiently softened and the adhesion may be insufficient. Without this, there is a possibility that a portion of the electrolyte membrane that is not softened may occur. In addition, when the liquid volume exceeds 5 ⁇ L per 1 cm 2, the liquid is dripped during transportation, and almost all of the liquid does not evaporate due to heating during thermocompression bonding.
- the electrolyte membrane may swell in the meantime.
- the liquid volume is more preferably 0.1 ⁇ L or more and 0.8 ⁇ L or less per 1 cm 2 of the catalyst layer surface.
- the amount of the liquid was determined by attaching a sample piece such as a PET film whose weight was measured on the surface of the catalyst layer of the catalyst transfer sheet so as to be laminated with the catalyst layer, applying the liquid in the liquid applying step, and then performing thermocompression bonding. In the process, immediately before the sample piece comes into contact with the electrolyte membrane, the sample substrate with the liquid is taken out, the weight is measured, and the volume of the liquid around 1 cm 2 is calculated from the weight difference. At this time, the size of the sample piece can be a square having a side of 1 cm to 10 cm.
- the average diameter of the applied droplets is preferably as small as possible, and specifically, it is preferably 300 ⁇ m or less in a state where the droplets adhere to the substrate. As the average diameter is smaller, the distance between droplets can be shortened, so that the droplets can be combined with a smaller amount of liquid at the time of pressing in the thermocompression bonding step.
- the means for applying the liquid in the form of liquid droplets is not particularly limited, a method of spraying liquid droplets by spraying or inkjet, a method of condensing liquid droplets on the bonding surface under a humidified atmosphere, an ultrasonic vibrator
- a method of spraying a mist of a liquid can be used, but a method of spraying liquid droplets by spraying is preferable because the liquid can be efficiently applied while controlling the amount of the liquid.
- the spray for spraying the liquid droplets is not particularly limited, and a two-fluid spray nozzle or the like for atomizing the liquid by compressed air and spraying the liquid can be used.
- thermocompression bonding process The catalyst layer that has undergone the liquid application step is then subjected to a thermocompression bonding step of thermocompression bonding with the electrolyte membrane.
- the thermocompression bonding step is a step in which the catalyst layer and the electrolyte membrane are heated and sandwiched in a laminated state where the surface of the catalyst layer to which the liquid is applied and the electrolyte membrane are in contact with each other to join them.
- the time from contact between the catalyst layer and the electrolyte membrane until the pinching pressure acts on them is preferably 0.1 second or less. If this time is longer than 0.1 second, there is a high possibility that the electrolyte membrane will swell due to the adhesion of the liquid. Swelling can be suppressed.
- the heating temperature in the thermocompression bonding step is not particularly limited, but is preferably not less than the boiling point of the liquid applied to the catalyst layer (hereinafter, referred to as “liquid boiling point”) and not more than 220 ° C.
- the heating temperature is the highest temperature at the junction between the electrolyte membrane and the catalyst layer during the thermocompression bonding step, and a thermocouple can be used for the measurement.
- the heating temperature is lower than the boiling point of the liquid, it takes time to evaporate the liquid, and the productivity is reduced. If the temperature exceeds 220 ° C., the electrolyte membrane may be damaged by heat.
- the heating temperature in the thermocompression bonding step is more preferably not lower than the liquid boiling point and not higher than 160 ° C.
- the liquid boiling point is the boiling point when the external pressure is 1 atm.
- the liquid to be evaporated has a single composition, it means the boiling point of the liquid.
- the liquid is a mixture, it is the single most component of the mixture. It means a value with a high boiling point.
- the pressure applied to the electrolyte membrane and the catalyst layer in the thermocompression bonding step can be appropriately set, but is preferably 1 MPa or more and 20 MPa or less. If it is less than 1 MPa, the electrolyte membrane and the catalyst layer may not be sufficiently adhered. If it is larger than 20 MPa, excessive pressure may be applied to the catalyst layer or the electrolyte membrane to destroy the structure of the catalyst layer, or mechanical damage to the electrolyte membrane may increase, resulting in deterioration in durability or power generation performance. .
- the pressure in the thermocompression bonding step is more preferably 1 MPa to 10 MPa.
- the pressing mode in the thermocompression bonding step is not particularly limited, and a line contact mode in which the electrolyte membrane and the catalyst layer contact in a single line like a hot press roll, or an electrolyte membrane like a double belt press mechanism
- the catalyst layer may be in the form of surface contact in which the catalyst and the catalyst layer come into contact with each other with a certain width in the transport direction.
- An apparatus for manufacturing a membrane / catalyst assembly in which a catalyst layer is bonded to an electrolyte membrane, Liquid applying means for applying a liquid to the surface of the catalyst layer before joining, Thermocompression bonding means for bonding the catalyst layer and the electrolyte membrane to which the liquid has been applied by thermocompression;
- a manufacturing apparatus for a membrane / catalyst assembly having: (2) The apparatus for producing a membrane-catalyst assembly according to (1), wherein the liquid applying unit applies the liquid in a droplet form on the surface of the catalyst layer.
- FIG. 1 is a side view showing a schematic configuration of an apparatus for manufacturing an electrolyte membrane with a catalyst layer, which is one embodiment of the apparatus for manufacturing a membrane / catalyst assembly of the present invention.
- the manufacturing of the electrolyte membrane with the catalyst layer is performed as follows.
- the electrolyte membrane 10 is unwound from the electrolyte membrane supply roll 11 and supplied to the thermocompression bonding section P through the guide roll 12.
- catalyst transfer sheet supply rolls 21A and 21B are provided, respectively.
- the catalyst layer bonded to the upper surface of the electrolyte membrane 10 is formed using the catalyst transfer sheet 20A.
- the catalyst transfer sheet 20A is prepared in advance by, for example, coating a catalyst solution on a sheet serving as a base material, and is unwound from the catalyst transfer sheet supply roll 21A in a state where the base material supports the catalyst layer. In the order of the rolls 22A, the rolls are conveyed while being carried on the substrate side opposite to the catalyst layer forming surface.
- the catalyst transfer sheet 20B for forming the catalyst layer formed on the lower surface of the electrolyte membrane 10 is The sheet is unwound from the catalyst transfer sheet supply roll 21B, and is transported in the order of the backup roll 31B and the guide roll 22B while supporting the substrate side. In this way, the catalyst transfer sheets 20A and 20B are supplied to the thermocompression bonding section P such that the surfaces of the catalyst layers on which the catalyst layers are formed face the electrolyte membrane 10.
- the material of the base material of the catalyst transfer sheets 20A and 20B is not particularly limited, and may be polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyimide, polyphenylene sulfide, or the like.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PEN polyethylene naphthalate
- PE polyethylene
- PP polypropylene
- polyimide polyphenylene sulfide
- a typical example is a hydrocarbon-based plastic film, a perfluoroalkoxyalkane (PFA), a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a fluorine-based film represented by an ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), and the like.
- PFA perfluoroalkoxyalkane
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- ETFE ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer
- the base material has air permeability.
- Having air permeability means having a property of allowing gas to permeate, and for example, having air holes communicating in the thickness direction of the base material.
- a base material having air permeability liquid vapor generated during thermocompression bonding can be effectively discharged even when the base material is still bonded to the catalyst layer.
- the base material having air permeability for example, a porous body formed from the above materials can be used.
- Expander rolls are preferably used for the guide rolls 12, 22A and 22B in order to remove wrinkles and slack of the electrolyte membrane 10 and the catalyst transfer sheets 20A and 21B supplied to the thermocompression bonding section P.
- the catalyst layer is transferred to both sides of the electrolyte membrane 10.
- the catalyst layer is transferred to only one side of the electrolyte membrane 10. May be configured.
- the spray nozzle 30A is provided so as to face the catalyst transfer sheet 20A carried on the backup roll 31A.
- the spray nozzle 30A has a discharge port directed toward the central axis of the backup roll 31A, and is provided at a position spaced a predetermined distance from the backup roll 31A.
- one or more spray nozzles 30A are provided in the width direction of the catalyst transfer sheet 20A in accordance with the base material width of the catalyst transfer sheet 20A.
- the spray nozzle 30A is supplied with water from a water supply tank (not shown), discharges the supplied water from a discharge port, and applies droplets to a bonding surface of the catalyst layer with the electrolyte membrane.
- the spray nozzle 30A and a space S in which the droplet from the discharge port of the spray nozzle 30A to the catalyst layer flies are surrounded by a nozzle chamber 32A.
- the nozzle chamber 32A includes a decompression tank 34A for decompressing the space S. They are connected by piping via a valve 33A for switching pressure reduction.
- the depressurizing tank 34A By setting the space S to a negative pressure with respect to the environmental pressure of the manufacturing apparatus by the depressurizing tank 34A, the outside air is slightly sucked from the gap provided between the nozzle chamber 32A and the catalyst transfer sheet 20A, and the air is sprayed from the spray nozzle 30A.
- the water accumulated in the nozzle chamber 32A is discharged from a drain (not shown) provided in the nozzle chamber 32A, returned to the water supply tank, and reused.
- the liquid applying means for the catalyst transfer sheet 20A
- the liquid applying means spray nozzle 30B, nozzle chamber 32B, valve 33B, and decompression tank 34B
- the description is omitted.
- the electrolyte membrane 10 and the catalyst transfer sheets 20A, 20B with the liquid applied to the bonding surface with the electrolyte membrane 10 are supplied to the thermocompression bonding portion P and pass between the hot press rolls 40A, 40B.
- the hot press rolls 40A and 40B are connected to driving means (not shown), and can rotate while controlling the speed.
- the heat press rolls 40A and 40B rotate at a constant speed while applying heat and pressure to the electrolyte membrane 10 and the catalyst transfer sheets 20A and 20B, thereby synchronizing the transport speeds of the electrolyte membrane 10 and the catalyst transfer sheets 20A and 20B.
- the catalyst layers are thermocompression-bonded to both sides of the electrolyte membrane 10 to form the membrane / catalyst layer assembly 13a.
- a heating device, a pressure device, and the like are not shown in the hot roll presses 40A and 40B.
- the material of the hot press rolls 40A and 40B is not particularly limited.
- One roll is made of metal such as stainless steel, and the other roll is made of an elastic body such as a resin represented by rubber or an elastomer material. It is desirable to have a coated structure.
- the pressing contact width becomes too small, so that the pressing time required for bonding cannot be secured, and the pressing may not be performed uniformly in the width direction.
- heat transfer is low and the electrolyte membrane and the catalyst layer may not be sufficiently heated.
- one of the hot press rolls 40A and 40B is made of metal, it is possible to sufficiently heat the electrolyte membrane and the catalyst layer, and by making the surface layer of the other press roll an elastic body, Can be flexibly deformed with respect to the catalyst transfer sheets 20A and 20B, and can maintain uniform line contact, thereby making the line pressure in the substrate width direction uniform.
- the elastic body for example, when rubber is used, fluorine rubber, silicon rubber, EPDM (ethylene / propylene / diene rubber), neoprene, CSM (chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber), urethane rubber, NBR (nitrile rubber) , Ebonite and the like can be used.
- the rubber hardness of the elastic body is preferably in the range of 70 to 97 ° in Shore A standard. If the hardness is less than 70 °, the amount of deformation of the elastic body increases, and the pressure contact width between the elastic body and the catalyst transfer sheets 20A and 20B becomes too large, so that the pressure required for bonding the electrolyte membrane 10 and the catalyst layer is secured. When the hardness exceeds 97 °, on the contrary, the deformation amount of the elastic body becomes small, and the pressing contact width becomes too small, so that the pressing time required for joining may not be secured. That's why.
- heating means of the hot press rolls 40A and 40B various heaters, heat media such as steam and oil can be used, but there is no particular limitation.
- the heating temperature may be the same for the upper and lower rolls, or may be different.
- the method of controlling the squeezing pressure in the hot press rolls 40A and 40B is not particularly limited, and the squeezing force may be controlled by using a pressurizing means such as a hydraulic cylinder, or may be controlled by position control using a servomotor or the like.
- a fixed gap may be provided between the rolls 40A and 40B, and the pinching force may be controlled by the size of the gap.
- the hot press rolls 40A and 40B which are line contact mechanisms, are used for the thermocompression bonding section P, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- a mechanism for pressing the electrolyte membrane 10 and the catalyst transfer sheets 20A and 20B by a plurality of line contacts by a plurality of rolls may be used, or a double belt press mechanism for pressing by a surface contact may be used.
- the number of rolls is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2 to 10 sets.
- the catalyst layer is transferred to both surfaces of the electrolyte membrane 10 after passing through the thermocompression bonding part P, and becomes a membrane / catalyst assembly (electrolyte membrane with catalyst layer) 13a.
- the temporary substrates 24A and 24B are separated from the membrane / catalyst assembly 13a as the electrolyte membrane with a catalyst layer.
- the method of peeling is not particularly limited. For example, it is possible to pass between the guide rolls 23A and 23B, and at this time, the temporary base materials 24A and 24B can be separated.
- the temporary base supports the electrolyte membrane via the catalyst layer while the temporary base is joined, an effect of preventing swelling of the electrolyte membrane can be obtained. Therefore, when it is difficult to evaporate almost the entire amount of the liquid only by the thermocompression bonding step, an additional drying step for drying the liquid is provided between the passage through the thermocompression bonding section P and the separation of the temporary base material. You can also.
- the temporary base material 24A is held by the hot press roll 40A and the temporary base material 24B is held by the hot press roll 40B as shown in FIG. It is preferable to peel off from the catalyst joined body 13a.
- the vapor of the liquid generated in the thermocompression bonding step can be effectively discharged by exposing the temporary base and exposing the catalyst layer immediately after thermocompression bonding.
- the temporary base material separated from the membrane / catalyst layer assembly 13a passes through guide rolls 23A and 23B, and is wound by temporary base take-up rolls 25A and 25B.
- the membrane / catalyst assembly 13a from which the temporary base materials 24A and 24B have been peeled off is sent out by the sending-out roll 14, and wound up in a roll shape by the winding-up roll 15.
- the delivery roll 14 can be connected to a driving unit (not shown), and when the press rolls 40A and 40B do not sandwich the electrolyte membrane 10 and the catalyst transfer sheets 20A and 20B, speed control is performed to transport the electrolyte membrane 10. can do.
- FIG. 2 is a side view showing a schematic configuration of an apparatus for producing a membrane / electrode assembly, which is one embodiment of the membrane / catalyst assembly production apparatus of the present invention.
- the manufacturing of the membrane / electrode assembly is performed as follows. The description of the same parts as those in the first embodiment will be omitted.
- gas diffusion electrodes 80A and 80B are supplied from gas diffusion electrode supply rolls 81A and 81B instead of the catalyst transfer sheet used in the first embodiment.
- gas diffusion electrode supply rolls 81A and 81B are provided, respectively.
- the gas diffusion electrode 80A joined to the upper surface of the electrolyte membrane 10 is unwound from the gas diffusion electrode supply roll 81A, and is in the order of the backup roll 31A and the guide roll 22A, each of which is opposite to the catalyst layer forming surface. It is conveyed while being carried on the substrate side.
- the gas diffusion electrode 80B joined to the lower surface of the electrolyte membrane 10 is unwound from the gas diffusion electrode supply roll 81B, and in the order of the backup roll 31B and the guide roll 22B, the gas diffusion electrode base opposite to the catalyst layer forming surface. It is conveyed while carrying the material side. In this way, the gas diffusion electrodes 80A and 80B are supplied to the thermocompression bonding portion P such that the surfaces on which the catalyst layers are formed face the electrolyte membrane 10.
- the electrolyte membrane 10 and the gas diffusion electrodes 80A, 80B having a liquid applied to the bonding surface with the electrolyte membrane 10 are supplied to the thermocompression bonding part P, pass between the hot press rolls 40A, 40B, and are joined to form a membrane. It becomes the catalyst assembly (membrane electrode assembly) 13b.
- the membrane / catalyst assembly 13b as the membrane / electrode assembly is sent out by a feed roll 14, and is wound into a roll by a membrane / catalyst assembly winding roll 15.
- the first catalyst layer is formed on one surface of the electrolyte membrane by the catalyst layer forming device 102 shown in FIG.
- the formation of the first catalyst layer is performed as follows.
- the electrolyte membrane 10 ′ is supplied to the catalyst layer forming apparatus 102 while being supported on a support.
- the material of the support of the electrolyte membrane is not particularly limited, for example, a PET film can be used.
- the electrolyte membrane 10 with support ’ is unwound from the electrolyte membrane supply roll 11 and is supplied to the catalyst solution applying means 72 through the guide roll 12.
- the catalyst solution applying means 72 is provided to face the electrolyte membrane 10 ′ carried on the backup roll 73.
- the catalyst solution applying means 72 is supplied with the catalyst solution from the catalyst solution tank 70 by using the catalyst solution sending pump 71, and forms a coating film by applying the supplied catalyst solution onto the electrolyte membrane.
- the method for applying the catalyst solution in the catalyst solution applying means 72 is not particularly limited. Methods such as a gravure coater, a die coater, a comma coater, a roll coater, a spray coater, and a screen printing method can be used.
- the coating film of the catalyst solution formed on the electrolyte membrane is dried by the drying means 74, and the solvent in the catalyst solution is evaporated to form a dried first catalyst layer.
- the method for drying the catalyst solution in the drying means 74 is not particularly limited. A method of blowing a heat medium such as hot air or a heat oven method using a heat heater can be used.
- the membrane / first catalyst layer assembly 16 in which the first catalyst layer is formed on the electrolyte membrane in this manner is sent out by the feed roll 14 and wound up in a roll shape by the take-up roll 17 with the support. Taken.
- a second catalyst layer is formed on the back surface of the surface of the electrolyte membrane on which the first catalyst layer is formed by the membrane / catalyst assembly manufacturing apparatus 103 according to the embodiment shown in FIG.
- the formation of the second catalyst layer is performed as follows.
- the membrane / first catalyst layer assembly 16 is unwound from the supply roll 18, passes through the guide roll 12, and is separated from the interface with the electrolyte membrane through the guide rolls 26A and 26B. At this time, the separated support 51 is taken up by the support take-up roll 50.
- the cover film 61 unwound from the cover film supply roll 60 is laminated on the first catalyst layer surface via the guide rolls 27A and 27B on the membrane / first catalyst layer assembly 16 from which the support body 51 has been peeled off. After that, it is supplied to the thermocompression bonding part P.
- the lamination of the cover film 61 may be performed before the support 51 is peeled off.
- the cover film 61 is used to protect the first catalyst layer during the process of forming the second catalyst layer, and the material is not particularly limited as long as the function of the catalyst layer is not hindered by attachment and detachment. It is not done.
- a sheet of natural fiber typified by paper or the like, or carbonized typified by polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyimide, polyphenylene sulfide, etc.
- Hydrogen-based plastic film perfluoroalkoxyalkane (PFA), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), fluorine-based film represented by ethylenetetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), etc., or acrylic adhesive, urethane
- PFA perfluoroalkoxyalkane
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- ETFE fluorine-based film represented by ethylenetetrafluoroethylene copolymer
- acrylic adhesive urethane
- a material to which an acrylate-based pressure-sensitive adhesive, a rubber-based pressure-sensitive adhesive, a silicone-based pressure-sensitive adhesive, or the like is applied to improve the adhesion to an adherend can be used.
- a material with improved adhesion can support the electrolyte membrane while the electrolyte membrane is in contact with the liquid, so that the effect of preventing swelling of the electrolyte membrane can be further obtained.
- the membrane / first catalyst layer assembly 16 supplied to the thermocompression bonding portion P is in a state where the first catalyst layer is covered with the cover film by the same liquid application step and thermocompression step as in the first embodiment.
- the second catalyst layer is thermocompression bonded to form a membrane / catalyst assembly (electrolyte membrane with catalyst layer) 13c.
- the membrane / catalyst assembly 13c as an electrolyte membrane with a catalyst layer that has passed through the thermocompression bonding portion P passes between the guide rolls 23A and 23B, and at this time, the temporary base material 24A is separated from the membrane / catalyst layer assembly 13c. It is wound by the temporary substrate winding roll 25A.
- the membrane / catalyst assembly 13c from which the temporary base material 24A has been peeled off is sent out by the sending-out roll 14, and is wound up in a roll shape by the electrolyte membrane winding-up roll 15 with a catalyst layer.
- the cover film 61 may be wound up in a state of being joined to the membrane / catalyst assembly 13c, or may be peeled off from the membrane / catalyst assembly 13c on the hot press roll 40B immediately after pressing.
- By winding the cover film 61 while being joined to the membrane / catalyst assembly 13c it is possible to suppress wrinkles and elongation of the electrolyte membrane with a catalyst layer and protect the catalyst layer from physical damage due to external factors.
- the cover film 61 immediately after the thermocompression bonding and exposing the catalyst layer the liquid vapor generated in the thermocompression bonding step can be effectively discharged. In this case, the catalyst layer can be protected with a new cover film before winding.
- the first catalyst layer is formed on one surface of the electrolyte membrane by the membrane / catalyst assembly manufacturing apparatus 104 according to the embodiment shown in FIG.
- the formation of the first catalyst layer is performed as follows.
- the electrolyte membrane 10 ' is supplied to the catalyst layer forming device 104 while being supported on a support.
- the electrolyte membrane 10 ′ with the support is unwound from the electrolyte membrane supply roll 11 and supplied to the thermocompression bonding section P.
- the electrolyte membrane 10 ′ supplied to the thermocompression bonding portion P is subjected to thermocompression bonding of the first catalyst layer by the same liquid application step and thermocompression bonding step as in the first embodiment, and the membrane / first catalyst layer assembly 16 is formed. '.
- the membrane / first catalyst layer assembly 16 ′ is sent out by the feed roll 14 in a state where the support and the temporary base material of the catalyst transfer sheet 20 ⁇ / b> A are attached, and is taken up in a roll shape by the take-up roll 17.
- a second catalyst layer is formed on the back surface of the surface of the electrolyte membrane on which the first catalyst layer is formed by the catalyst layer forming apparatus 105 according to the embodiment shown in FIG.
- the formation of the second catalyst layer is performed as follows.
- the membrane / first catalyst layer assembly 16 ′ is unwound from the supply roll 18, and the support 51 is separated from the interface with the electrolyte membrane via the guide rolls 26 ⁇ / b> A and 26 ⁇ / b> B. At this time, the separated support 51 is taken up by the support take-up roll 50.
- the membrane / catalyst assembly 16 'from which the support 51 has been peeled is formed by forming the second catalyst layer by the same catalyst solution applying means 72 and drying means 74 as in the third embodiment. (Electrolyte membrane with catalyst layer) 13d.
- the membrane / catalyst assembly 13d as an electrolyte membrane with a catalyst layer is sent out by a feed roll 14 and wound up in a roll shape by an electrolyte membrane take-up roll 15 with a catalyst layer in a state where a temporary base material is attached.
- the catalyst transfer sheet was coated on a continuous belt-shaped PTFE sheet as a base material with a catalyst coating solution comprising a Pt-supported carbon catalyst TEC10E50E manufactured by Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Co., Ltd. and Nafion (registered trademark) solution. Then, a catalyst transfer sheet roll (base material width: 100 mm, thickness: 8 ⁇ m) using a catalyst transfer sheet prepared by drying and drying as a roll was used (amount of platinum carried: 0.3 mg / cm 2 ).
- Example 1 One of a commercially available “Nafion (registered trademark)” membrane used as an electrolyte membrane and a product name NR211 (25 ⁇ m in thickness) was used in accordance with the method described in the first embodiment using the apparatus having the schematic configuration shown in FIG. The catalyst layer was transferred from the above-mentioned catalyst transfer sheet to the surface of the above.
- water having a purity of 100% was applied to the catalyst layer in the form of droplets in an amount of 0.4 ⁇ L per 2 cm 2 using a fan spray nozzle CBIMV 80005S manufactured by Ikeuchi Co., Ltd.
- thermocompression bonding step a pair of hot press rolls having a diameter of 250 mm was used, one of the rolls was a stainless steel roll, and the other was a fluororubber roll having a hardness of 90 ° (Shore A).
- the pressure of the hot press roll was 3.0 MPa.
- the pressure is a measured value using a pre-scale manufactured by FUJIFILM Corporation.
- the roll surface temperature was set to 160 ° C., and the heating temperature was measured by a thermocouple provided at the bonding interface. As a result, the temperature was 115 ° C.
- the transport speed of the electrolyte membrane and the catalyst transfer sheet was 4.0 m / min.
- Example 2 According to the method described in the above-described first embodiment, using the apparatus having the schematic configuration shown in FIG. 1, one surface of a polyetherketone-based polymer electrolyte membrane made of a polymer represented by the following formula (G1) The catalyst layer was transferred from the same catalyst transfer sheet as used in Example 1 described above.
- thermocompression bonding step a pair of hot press rolls having a diameter of 250 mm was used, one of the rolls was a stainless steel roll, and the other was a fluororubber roll having a hardness of 90 ° (Shore A).
- the pressure of the hot press roll was 4.2 MPa.
- the pressure is a measured value using a pre-scale manufactured by FUJIFILM Corporation.
- the temperature of the roll surface was set to 160 ° C., and the heating temperature was measured by a thermocouple provided at the bonding interface, and the result was 115 ° C.
- the transport speed of the electrolyte membrane and the catalyst transfer sheet was 4.0 m / min.
- Example 3 According to the method described in the first embodiment, using a device having a schematic configuration shown in FIG. 1, one surface of a polyarylene-based polymer electrolyte membrane made of a polymer represented by the following formula (G2) The catalyst layer was transferred from the above-mentioned catalyst transfer sheet.
- thermocompression bonding step (In the formula (G2), k, m, and n are integers, k is 25, m is 380, and n is 8.)
- the liquid application step and the thermocompression bonding step were performed in the same manner as in Example 2.
- Example 4 According to the method described in the first embodiment, a polyether comprising a segment represented by the following formula (G3) and a segment represented by the following formula (G4) using the apparatus having the schematic configuration shown in FIG. A catalyst layer was transferred from the catalyst transfer sheet to one surface of the sulfone-based polymer electrolyte membrane.
- Example 5 According to the method described in the third embodiment, an electrolyte membrane with a catalyst layer was manufactured.
- a catalyst solution is applied to one surface of a polyetherketone-based polymer electrolyte membrane made of the polymer represented by the formula (G1), and dried to form a first catalyst.
- a layer was formed.
- a catalyst coating solution composed of a Pt-supported carbon catalyst TEC10E50E manufactured by Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo KK and Nafion (registered trademark) solution was used. After drying at 120 ° C. for 5 minutes, a catalyst layer having a layer thickness of 5 ⁇ m was obtained.
- a second catalyst layer was formed on the other surface of the polyetherketone-based polymer electrolyte membrane on which the first catalyst layer was formed, using the above-described catalyst transfer sheet.
- the catalyst layer was transferred to form a second catalyst layer.
- a cover film to be laminated on the first catalyst layer surface a Lumirror (registered trademark) film thickness of 75 ⁇ m of a PET film manufactured by Toray was used.
- the same method as in Example 2 was used for the liquid application step and the thermocompression bonding step.
- Example 6 According to the method described in the fourth embodiment, an electrolyte membrane with a catalyst layer was manufactured.
- a first catalyst layer was formed from the above-mentioned catalyst transfer sheet on one surface of a polyetherketone-based polymer electrolyte membrane made of the polymer represented by the formula (G1). Transcribed.
- the same method as in Example 2 was used for the liquid application step and the thermocompression bonding step.
- Example 5 the same catalyst solution as in Example 5 was applied to the other surface of the electrolyte membrane on which the first catalyst layer was formed using an apparatus having a schematic configuration shown in FIG. A layer was formed.
- Example 1 A membrane obtained by transferring a catalyst layer from the same catalyst transfer sheet as used in Example 1 to one surface of the electrolyte membrane in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the liquid application step is not performed. -As a result of visual evaluation of the catalyst joined body, poor transfer of the catalyst layer was observed.
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Abstract
Description
接合前の触媒層の表面に液体を付与する液体付与手段と、液体が付与された触媒層と電解質膜とを熱圧着により接合する熱圧着手段と、を有する膜・触媒接合体の製造装置である。
本発明の膜・触媒接合体の製造方法及び製造装置に供される電解質膜は、プロトン伝導性を有し、固体高分子形燃料電池、固体高分子電解質膜型水電解装置、電気化学式水素ポンプなどに用いられる電解質膜として作動する限り特に限定されるものではなく、公知または市販のものを使用できる。このような電解質膜としては、パーフルオロスルホン酸からなるフッ素系電解質膜や炭化水素系骨格にプロトン伝導性を付与した炭化水素系ポリマーからなる炭化水素系電解質膜も用いることができる。
本発明の膜・触媒接合体の製造方法及び製造装置に供される触媒層は、固体高分子形燃料電池、固体高分子電解質膜型水電解装置、電気化学式水素ポンプなどに用いられる触媒層として作動する限り特に限定されるものではない。一般的には、カーボン粒子などの導電性粒子と、導電性粒子に担持された白金粒子または白金合金粒子などの触媒粒子と、プロトン伝導性を有するイオノマーなどの電解質成分とからなる多孔質構造を有した触媒層を用いることができる。
液体付与工程は、接合前の触媒層の表面、すなわち電解質膜との接合面に液体を付与する工程である。液体の付与とは、触媒層の表面に液体が露出した状態で付着している状態を形成することを意味する。液体は実質的に触媒層内部へ浸透させないことが望ましい。液体が触媒層内部へ浸透すると触媒層中の電解質成分が溶解することで触媒層の強度が低下して、熱圧着工程においてクラックが発生しやすくなる。また、触媒層が予め基材に支持されている場合に、液体が浸透して、触媒層と基材の界面まで到達した場合には、基材からの触媒層の離型性が低下するおそれがある。
液体付与工程を経た触媒層は、次に電解質膜と熱圧着する熱圧着工程を行う。熱圧着工程とは、触媒層と電解質膜を、触媒層の液体が付与された面と電解質膜が接触する積層状態で、加熱、挟圧することで、それらを接合する工程である。
(1)電解質膜に触媒層が接合されてなる膜・触媒接合体の製造装置であって、
接合前の触媒層の表面に液体を付与する液体付与手段と、
液体が付与された触媒層と電解質膜とを熱圧着により接合する熱圧着手段と、
を有する膜・触媒接合体の製造装置。
(2)前記液体付与手段は、触媒層の表面に液滴状に前記液体を付与する、(1)に記載の膜・触媒接合体の製造装置。
(3)前記液体付与手段がスプレーである、(2)に記載の膜・触媒接合体の製造装置。
以下、本発明の具体的な実施形態について、本発明の製造方法を実現する製造装置の模式図を参照しながら説明する。なお、以下の説明は本発明の理解を容易にするために記載したものであり、本発明を何ら限定するものではないが、当業者には容易に理解されるように、個々の実施形態における好ましい態様やバリエーションについての言及は、同時に上位概念としての本発明の製造方法または製造装置の説明と解釈し得るものである。なお、本明細書においては、便宜上各図面の上方を「上」、下方を「下」として説明するが、各図面の上下方向は必ずしも地面に対する垂直方向を意味するものではない。
図1は、本発明の膜・触媒接合体製造装置の一実施形態である、触媒層付電解質膜を製造する装置の概略構成を示す側面図である。
次に触媒層付電解質膜としての膜・触媒接合体13aから、仮基材24A、24Bの剥離を行う。
図2は、本発明の膜・触媒接合体製造装置の一実施形態である、膜電極接合体を製造する装置の概略構成を示す側面図である。
第三の実施形態においては、まず図3に示す触媒層形成装置102によって電解質膜の片面に第1の触媒層を形成する。第1の触媒層の形成は次の様に実施される。
第四の実施形態においては、まず図5に示す実施形態に係る膜・触媒接合体製造装置104によって電解質膜の片面に第1の触媒層を形成する。第1の触媒層の形成は次の様に実施される。
図1に示す概略構成の装置を用いて、前述の第一の実施形態に記載の方法に従い、電解質膜として用いた市販の“ナフィオン(登録商標)”膜、品名NR211(膜厚25μm)の一方の面に、前述の触媒転写シートから触媒層を転写した。
図1に示す概略構成の装置を用いて、前述の第一の実施形態に記載の方法に従い、下記式(G1)で表されるポリマーからなるポリエーテルケトン系高分子電解質膜の一方の面に、前述の実施例1で用いたものと同じ触媒転写シートから触媒層を転写した。
図1に示す概略構成の装置を用いて、前述の第一の実施形態に記載の方法に従い、下記式(G2)で表されるポリマーからなるポリアリーレン系高分子電解質膜の一方の面に、前述の触媒転写シートから触媒層を転写した。
液体付与工程および熱圧着工程は、実施例2と同様に行った。
図1に示す概略構成の装置を用いて、前述の第一の実施形態に記載の方法に従い、下記式(G3)で表されるセグメントと下記式(G4)で表されるセグメントからなるポリエーテルスルホン系高分子電解質膜の一方の面に、前述の触媒転写シートから触媒層を転写した。
液体付与工程および熱圧着工程は、実施例2と同様に行った。
前述の第三の実施形態に記載の方法に従い、触媒層付電解質膜を製造した。
前述の第四の実施形態に記載の方法に従い、触媒層付電解質膜を製造した。
液体付与工程を実施しない以外は、実施例2と同様にして、電解質膜の一方の面に、前述の実施例1で用いたものと同じ触媒転写シートから触媒層を転写し、得られた膜・触媒接合体を目視評価した結果、触媒層の転写不良が見られた。
102、105:触媒層形成装置
10、10’:電解質膜
11、18:電解質膜供給ロール
13a、13b、13c、13d:膜・触媒接合体
14:送り出しロール
15、17:膜・触媒接合体巻取ロール
16、16’:膜・第1の触媒層接合体
12、22A、22B、23A、23B、26A、26B、27A、27B:ガイドロール
20A、20B:触媒転写シート
21A、21B:触媒転写シート供給ロール
24A、24B:仮基材
25A、25B:仮基材巻取ロール
30A、30B:スプレーノズル
31A、31B、73:バックアップロール
32A、32B:ノズルチャンバー
33A、33B:バルブ
34A、34B:減圧タンク
40A、40B:熱プレスロール
41A、41B:遮熱板
50:支持体巻取ロール
51:支持体
60:カバーフィルム供給ロール
70:触媒溶液タンク
71:触媒溶液送液ポンプ
72:塗布手段
74:乾燥手段
80A、80B:ガス拡散電極
81A、81B:ガス拡散電極供給ロール
P:熱圧着部
S:空間
Claims (15)
- 電解質膜に触媒層が接合されてなる膜・触媒接合体の製造方法であって、
接合前の触媒層の表面に液体を付与する液体付与工程と、
液体が付与された触媒層と電解質膜とを熱圧着により接合する熱圧着工程と、
を有する膜・触媒接合体の製造方法。 - 前記液体付与工程において付与する液体が水を含む液体である、請求項1に記載の膜・触媒接合体の製造方法。
- 前記水を含む液体における水の含有割合が90質量%以上、100質量%以下である、請求項2に記載の膜・触媒接合体の製造方法。
- 前記液体付与工程において付与する液体が純水である、請求項3に記載の膜・触媒接合体の製造方法。
- 前記液体付与工程において、触媒層の表面に液滴状に前記液体を付与する、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の膜・触媒接合体の製造方法。
- 前記液体付与工程において、前記液体をスプレーによって付与する、請求項5に記載の膜・触媒接合体の製造方法。
- 前記液体付与工程において、前記熱圧着工程における前記液体の量が触媒層の表面1cm2辺り0.1μL以上5μL以下である、請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の膜・触媒接合体の製造方法。
- 前記電解質膜として炭化水素系電解質膜を用いる、請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の膜・触媒接合体の製造方法。
- 電解質膜の表面に触媒層が接合されてなる触媒層付電解質膜の製造方法であって、
前記電解質膜の表面に、請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の方法により触媒層を接合することを含む触媒層付電解質膜の製造方法。 - 前記触媒層は電解質膜への接合前から基材により支持されており、該基材は通気性を有する、請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の触媒層付電解質膜の製造方法。
- 電解質膜の両面に触媒層が接合されてなる触媒層付電解質膜の製造方法であって、
電解質膜の一方の面に触媒溶液を塗布・乾燥して第1の触媒層を形成する工程と、
前記電解質膜の他方の面に、請求項1~10のいずれかに記載の方法により触媒を接合して第2の触媒層を形成する工程と、
を有する触媒層付電解質膜の製造方法。 - 前記第1の触媒層をカバーフィルムで被覆する工程を更に有し、かつ前記第2の触媒層を形成する工程を、第1の触媒層がカバーフィルムで被覆された状態で行う、請求項11に記載の触媒層付電解質膜の製造方法。
- 電解質膜に触媒層が接合されてなる膜・触媒接合体の製造装置であって、
接合前の触媒層の表面に液体を付与する液体付与手段と、
液体が付与された触媒層と電解質膜とを熱圧着により接合する熱圧着手段と、
を有する膜・触媒接合体の製造装置。 - 前記液体付与手段は、触媒層の表面に液滴状に前記液体を付与する手段である、請求項13に記載の膜・触媒接合体の製造装置。
- 前記液体付与手段がスプレーである、請求項14に記載の膜・触媒接合体の製造装置。
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