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WO2018015840A1 - Procédé d'affichage, dispositif d'affichage, dispositif électronique, support d'enregistrement non transitoire et programme - Google Patents

Procédé d'affichage, dispositif d'affichage, dispositif électronique, support d'enregistrement non transitoire et programme Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018015840A1
WO2018015840A1 PCT/IB2017/054187 IB2017054187W WO2018015840A1 WO 2018015840 A1 WO2018015840 A1 WO 2018015840A1 IB 2017054187 W IB2017054187 W IB 2017054187W WO 2018015840 A1 WO2018015840 A1 WO 2018015840A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
display
layer
pixel
display device
displayed
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2017/054187
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
山崎舜平
竹村保彦
Original Assignee
株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所
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Publication of WO2018015840A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018015840A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
    • G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
    • G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • G09G3/3208—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
    • G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G5/00—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators

Definitions

  • One embodiment of the present invention relates to a display method, a display device, an electronic device, a non-transitory storage medium, and a program.
  • one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above technical field.
  • the technical field of one embodiment of the invention disclosed in this specification and the like relates to an object, a method, or a manufacturing method.
  • one embodiment of the present invention relates to a process, a machine, a manufacture, or a composition (composition of matter). Therefore, the technical field of one embodiment of the present invention disclosed in this specification and the like more specifically includes a semiconductor device, a display device, a light-emitting device, a power storage device, a memory device, a driving method thereof, or a manufacturing method thereof. Can be mentioned as an example.
  • a technique is disclosed in which a person who uses a display device is detected and the refresh rate of a display other than the portion of the image displayed on the display device that is not being watched by the user is reduced. Thereby, the power consumption of a display apparatus can be reduced (refer patent document 1).
  • the power consumption of the display device increases.
  • an object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a display method and a display device that can reduce power consumption. Another object is to provide a display method and a display device capable of displaying a high-quality image. Another object is to provide a display method and a display device capable of suppressing a rapid change in image quality. Another object is to provide a display method or a display device that can operate at high speed. Another object is to provide a novel display method and display device.
  • One embodiment of the present invention is a portion of a display device including a display portion including a first pixel including a liquid crystal element and a second pixel including a light-emitting element, which is watched by a person using the display device.
  • An image displayed on the part using the second pixel, and an image displayed on the part other than the first part and not in the vicinity of the first part using the first pixel Is the method.
  • size and shape of the part of the vicinity of a 1st part may be set with the magnitude
  • the ratio of the second pixel contributing to image display may be increased as the portion is closer to the first portion.
  • the ratio of the first pixels contributing to image display may be increased as the distance from the first part increases in the vicinity of the first part.
  • a person using the display device is gazing.
  • the described text is not the text described in the row or column to which the text included in the first part belongs, but the line or column to which the text included in the first part belongs.
  • text that is not text written in a nearby line is displayed using a first pixel.
  • the text described in one line before and after the line to which the text included in the first part belongs may be changed to the text described in the line near the line to which the text included in the first part belongs. Good.
  • the text described in one column before and after the column to which the text included in the first part belongs may be changed to the text described in the column near the column to which the text included in the first part belongs. Good.
  • the first portion may be calculated based on the distance between the person who uses the display device and the display unit.
  • the first pixel and the second pixel may be stacked.
  • the light emitting element may be an OLED.
  • a display device having a function of displaying an image by the display method of one embodiment of the present invention is also one embodiment of the present invention.
  • a display device including a transistor and an infrared source is also one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the transistor may include a metal oxide in a channel formation region.
  • An electronic device including the display device of one embodiment of the present invention and an operation button or a battery is also one embodiment of the present invention.
  • a non-transitory storage medium in which a program having a function of executing the display method of one embodiment of the present invention is also one embodiment of the present invention.
  • a program having a function of executing the display method of one embodiment of the present invention is also one embodiment of the present invention.
  • One embodiment of the present invention can provide a display method and a display device capable of reducing power consumption.
  • a display method and a display device that can display a high-quality image can be provided.
  • a display method and a display device that can suppress a rapid change in image quality can be provided.
  • a display method or a display device that can operate at high speed can be provided.
  • a novel display method and display device can be provided.
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating a structure example of a display device.
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating a structure example of a display device.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration example of a display device. The flowchart explaining an example of the display method. 4A and 4B each illustrate a portion of a display portion included in a display device. The figure explaining the case where the display part which a display apparatus has is displaying the text.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration example of a display device. The flowchart explaining an example of the display method.
  • FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure example of a display device.
  • FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure example of a display device.
  • FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure example of a display device.
  • FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure example of a display device.
  • FIG. 10 is a top view illustrating a structure example of a display device.
  • FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of a pixel.
  • FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram and a block diagram illustrating a structural example of a pixel.
  • FIG. 10 is a top view illustrating a structure example of a display device.
  • FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure example of a display device.
  • FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure example of a display device.
  • FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure example of a display device.
  • FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure example of a display device.
  • FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a structure example of a display device.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a configuration example of a display module.
  • 10A and 10B each illustrate an electronic device.
  • 10A and 10B each illustrate an electronic device.
  • the terms “source” and “drain” of a transistor interchange with each other depending on the polarity of the transistor or the level of potential applied to each terminal.
  • a terminal to which a low potential is applied is called a source
  • a terminal to which a high potential is applied is called a drain
  • a terminal to which a high potential is applied is called a source.
  • the connection relationship between transistors may be described on the assumption that the source and the drain are fixed. Actually, however, the source and drain are called according to the above-described potential relationship. Change.
  • the source of a transistor means a source region that is part of a semiconductor film functioning as a semiconductor layer or a source electrode connected to the semiconductor film.
  • a drain of a transistor means a drain region that is part of the semiconductor film or a drain electrode connected to the semiconductor film.
  • the gate means a gate electrode.
  • a state in which transistors are connected in series refers to a state in which, for example, only one of a source and a drain of a first transistor is connected to only one of a source and a drain of a second transistor.
  • the state where the transistors are connected in parallel means that one of the source and the drain of the first transistor is connected to one of the source and the drain of the second transistor, and the other of the source and the drain of the first transistor is connected. It means a state of being connected to the other of the source and the drain of the second transistor.
  • connection means electrical connection and corresponds to a state where current, voltage, or potential can be supplied or transmitted. Therefore, the connected state does not necessarily indicate a directly connected state, and a wiring, a resistor, a diode, a transistor, or the like is provided so that current, voltage, or potential can be supplied or transmitted.
  • the state of being indirectly connected through a circuit element is also included in the category.
  • connection includes such a case where one conductive film has functions of a plurality of components.
  • one of a first electrode and a second electrode of a transistor refers to a source electrode, and the other refers to a drain electrode.
  • X and Y are assumed to be objects (for example, devices, elements, circuits, wirings, electrodes, terminals, conductive films, layers, etc.).
  • an element that enables electrical connection between X and Y for example, a switch, a transistor, a capacitor, an inductor, a resistor, a diode, a display, etc.
  • Element, light-emitting element, load, etc. are not connected between X and Y, and elements (for example, switches, transistors, capacitive elements, inductors) that enable electrical connection between X and Y
  • elements for example, switches, transistors, capacitive elements, inductors
  • an element for example, a switch, a transistor, a capacitive element, an inductor, a resistance element, a diode, a display, etc.
  • the switch has a function of controlling on / off. That is, the switch is in a conductive state (on state) or a non-conductive state (off state), and has a function of controlling whether or not to pass a current. Alternatively, the switch has a function of selecting and switching a path through which a current flows.
  • the case where X and Y are electrically connected includes the case where X and Y are directly connected.
  • a circuit for example, a logic circuit (an inverter, a NAND circuit, a NOR circuit, etc.) that enables a functional connection between X and Y, signal conversion, etc.
  • Circuit (DA conversion circuit, AD conversion circuit, gamma correction circuit, etc.), potential level conversion circuit (power supply circuit (boost circuit, step-down circuit, etc.), level shifter circuit that changes signal potential level, etc.), voltage source, current source, switching Circuit, amplifier circuit (circuit that can increase signal amplitude or current amount, operational amplifier, differential amplifier circuit, source follower circuit, buffer circuit, etc.), signal generation circuit, storage circuit, control circuit, etc.)
  • a circuit for example, a logic circuit (an inverter, a NAND circuit, a NOR circuit, etc.) that enables a functional connection between X and Y, signal conversion, etc.
  • Circuit (DA conversion circuit, AD conversion circuit, gamma correction circuit, etc.), potential level conversion circuit (power supply circuit (boost circuit, step-down
  • X and Y are functionally connected.
  • the case where X and Y are functionally connected includes the case where X and Y are directly connected and the case where X and Y are electrically connected.
  • the source (or the first terminal or the like) of the transistor is electrically connected to X through (or not through) Z1, and the drain (or the second terminal or the like) of the transistor is connected to Z2.
  • the transistor source (or the first terminal or the like) is directly connected to a part of Z1 and another part of Z1. Is directly connected to X, the drain (or the second terminal, etc.) of the transistor is directly connected to a part of Z2, and another part of Z2 is directly connected to Y. Then, it can be expressed as follows.
  • X and Y, and the source (or the first terminal or the like) and the drain (or the second terminal or the like) of the transistor are electrically connected to each other. Terminal, etc.), the drain of the transistor (or the second terminal, etc.) and Y are electrically connected in this order.
  • the source (or the first terminal or the like) of the transistor is electrically connected to X
  • the drain (or the second terminal or the like) of the transistor is electrically connected to Y
  • X and the source Alternatively, the first terminal and the like, the drain of the transistor (or the second terminal and the like), and Y are electrically connected in this order.
  • X is electrically connected to Y through the source (or first terminal or the like) and the drain (or second terminal or the like) of the transistor, and X is the source of the transistor (or the first terminal). Terminal, etc.), the drain of the transistor (or the second terminal, etc.), and Y are provided in this connection order.
  • Terminal, etc.), the drain of the transistor (or the second terminal, etc.), and Y are provided in this connection order.
  • a source (or a first terminal or the like) of a transistor is electrically connected to X through at least a first connection path, and the first connection path is The second connection path does not have a second connection path, and the second connection path is connected between the source of the transistor (or the first terminal or the like) and the drain of the transistor (or the second terminal or the like) through the transistor.
  • the first connection path is a path through Z1
  • the drain (or the second terminal, etc.) of the transistor is electrically connected to Y through at least the third connection path.
  • the third connection path is connected and does not have the second connection path, and the third connection path is a path through Z2.
  • the source (or the first terminal or the like) of the transistor is electrically connected to X via Z1 through at least a first connection path, and the first connection path is a second connection path.
  • the second connection path has a connection path through the transistor, and the drain (or the second terminal or the like) of the transistor is at least connected to Z2 by the third connection path.
  • Y, and the third connection path does not have the second connection path.
  • the source of the transistor (or the first terminal or the like) is electrically connected to X through Z1 by at least a first electrical path, and the first electrical path is a second electrical path
  • the second electrical path is an electrical path from the source (or the first terminal or the like) of the transistor to the drain (or the second terminal or the like) of the transistor;
  • the drain (or the second terminal or the like) of the transistor is electrically connected to Y through Z2 by at least a third electrical path, and the third electrical path is a fourth electrical path.
  • the fourth electrical path is an electrical path from the drain (or the second terminal or the like) of the transistor to the source (or the first terminal or the like) of the transistor. can do.
  • X, Y, Z1, and Z2 are objects (for example, devices, elements, circuits, wirings, electrodes, terminals, conductive films, layers, and the like).
  • the term “electrically connected” in this specification includes in its category such a case where one conductive film has functions of a plurality of components.
  • One embodiment of the present invention relates to a display method and a display device having a function of changing a display portion that performs display according to a portion in which a user is gazing and a portion in which the user is not gazing.
  • a high-quality image can be displayed in a portion where the user is gazing, and an image can be displayed in the other portions with low power consumption.
  • a high-quality image can be displayed on a portion that is being watched by the user and a portion in the vicinity thereof, and an image can be displayed on the other portions with low power consumption.
  • the power consumption of the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be reduced without degrading the display quality of an image recognized by the user.
  • the display device of one embodiment of the present invention may have a function of displaying text.
  • the display device can also have a function of changing a display unit that performs display according to a portion that the user is watching and a portion that is not watching.
  • text is displayed on the display device, for example, only the text displayed in the row or column to which the text that the user is gazing belongs is displayed in high quality and displayed in the other rows or columns.
  • Text can be displayed with low power consumption. For example, only the text displayed in the row or column to which the text the user is gazing and the neighboring row or column are displayed with high quality, and the text displayed in the other rows or columns is low.
  • the power can be displayed. As described above, power consumption of the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be reduced without degrading display quality of text recognized by the user.
  • image may include text
  • FIG. 1A is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of the display device 10.
  • the display device 10 includes a display unit 11a, a display unit 11b, a sensor 13, a storage circuit 14, a calculation circuit 15, a source driver circuit 17a, a source driver circuit 17b, a gate driver circuit 18a, and a gate driver circuit. 18b.
  • the display unit 11a is provided with a plurality of pixels 12a arranged in a matrix
  • the display unit 11b is provided with a plurality of pixels 12b arranged in a matrix.
  • the display unit 11a has a function of displaying an image using the pixel 12a
  • the display unit 11b has a function of displaying an image using the pixel 12b.
  • the display unit 11a and the display unit 11b may be collectively referred to as the display unit 11.
  • the pixel 12a has a first display element.
  • a first display element for example, a reflective liquid crystal element can be used.
  • a transmissive liquid crystal element or a transflective liquid crystal element can be used as the first display element.
  • a reflective display element other than a liquid crystal element can be used as the first display element.
  • the pixel 12a may include an electronic shutter, a mechanical shutter, and the like.
  • the pixel 12a may include a piezo element.
  • the piezo element has a piezoelectric body and has a function of converting a voltage applied to the piezoelectric body into a force.
  • the piezo element has a function of operating, for example, a mechanical shutter.
  • the pixel 12b has a second display element.
  • a light-emitting element having a function of emitting light can be used as the second display element.
  • an OLED Organic Light Emitting Diode
  • an LED Light Emitting Diode
  • a QLED Quadantum-dot Light Emitting Diode
  • IEL Inorganic-Electric Semiconductor
  • the light emitting element can be used.
  • the luminance and chromaticity of light emitted from a display element having a light emitting element as described above are not affected by external light. Therefore, an image with high color reproducibility (wide color gamut) and high contrast can be displayed on the display unit 11b. That is, a high-quality image can be displayed on the display unit 11b.
  • the display unit 11 can display an image in various display modes. For example, the entire display unit 11 can display an image using only the pixels 12a. That is, an image can be displayed only on the display unit 11a. Further, for example, the entire display unit 11 can display an image using only the pixels 12b. That is, an image can be displayed only on the display unit 11b. Further, for example, in the entire display unit 11, an image can be displayed using both the pixel 12a and the pixel 12b. That is, an image can be displayed on both the display unit 11a and the display unit 11b.
  • an image is displayed using only the pixel 12 b or both the pixel 12 a and the pixel 12 b, and an image is displayed using only the pixel 12 a for other parts of the display unit 11.
  • some display modes are displayed only on the display unit 11b or both the display unit 11a and the display unit 11b, and the other display modes are displayed only on the display unit 11a.
  • the display mode for example, an image can be displayed using only the pixel 12b in a part of the display unit 11, and an image can be displayed using only the pixel 12a for other parts of the display unit 11. That is, part of the image displayed on the display unit 11 can be displayed only on the display unit 11b, and the other can be displayed only on the display unit 11a.
  • an image can be displayed using both the pixel 12 a and the pixel 12 b, and for the other part of the display unit 11, an image can be displayed using only the pixel 12 a. That is, part of the image displayed on the display unit 11 can be displayed on both the display unit 11a and the display unit 11b, and the other can be displayed only on the display unit 11a.
  • an image is displayed using only the pixel 12b in a part of the display unit 11, an image is displayed using both the pixel 12a and the pixel 12b in another part of the display unit 11, and the other part is displayed.
  • An image can be displayed using only the pixel 12a. That is, part of the image displayed on the display unit 11 is displayed only on the display unit 11b, the other part is displayed on both the display unit 11a and the display unit 11b, and the other part is displayed on the display unit 11a. Can only be displayed.
  • a part of the image may be displayed using only the pixel 12a, or a part may be displayed using only the pixel 12b. May be.
  • the sensor 13 has a function of photographing a landscape around the display device 10 by detecting visible light, for example.
  • the sensor 13 may have a function of capturing an infrared image of the scenery around the display device 10 by, for example, having a function of detecting infrared rays.
  • the sensor 13 may have a function of detecting the brightness of external light.
  • the sensor 13 can be configured to include, for example, a photoelectric conversion element.
  • the memory circuit 14 has a function of holding a program having information on the display method of the display device 10, for example.
  • a non-transitory storage medium can be used as the storage circuit 14.
  • a nonvolatile memory such as a ROM (Read Only Memory) can be used.
  • ROM Read Only Memory
  • OTPROM One Time Programmable Read Only Memory
  • EPROM Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
  • EPROM in addition to UV-EPROM (Ultra-Violet Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) capable of erasing stored data by ultraviolet irradiation, EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) or the like can be used.
  • the memory circuit 14 may be a memory including a transistor using a metal oxide in a region where a channel is formed, for example.
  • Metal oxide has a wider band gap and lower carrier density than silicon. Therefore, a transistor using a metal oxide for a channel formation region has a smaller off current than a transistor using silicon for a channel formation region. Therefore, even when the supply of power to the storage circuit 14 is stopped, data can be held in the storage circuit 14, and the storage circuit 14 has a function as a non-temporary storage medium.
  • a metal oxide is a metal oxide in a broad expression.
  • Metal oxides are classified into oxide insulators, oxide conductors (including transparent oxide conductors), and oxide semiconductors (also referred to as oxide semiconductors or simply OS).
  • oxide semiconductors also referred to as oxide semiconductors or simply OS.
  • the metal oxide may be referred to as an oxide semiconductor. That is, when a metal oxide has at least one of an amplifying function, a rectifying function, and a switching function, the metal oxide can be referred to as a metal oxide semiconductor, or OS for short.
  • OS FET it can be said to be a transistor including a metal oxide or an oxide semiconductor.
  • metal oxides containing nitrogen may be collectively referred to as metal oxides.
  • a metal oxide containing nitrogen may be referred to as a metal oxynitride.
  • CAAC c-axis aligned crystal
  • CAC Cloud-aligned Composite
  • a CAC-OS or a CAC-metal oxide has a conductive function in part of a material and an insulating function in part of the material, and the whole material is a semiconductor. It has the function of. Note that in the case where a CAC-OS or a CAC-metal oxide is used for a semiconductor layer of a transistor, the conductive function is a function of flowing electrons (or holes) serving as carriers, and the insulating function is an electron serving as carriers. It is a function that does not flow. A function of switching (a function of turning on / off) can be imparted to CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide by causing the conductive function and the insulating function to act complementarily. In CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide, by separating each function, both functions can be maximized.
  • CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide includes a conductive region and an insulating region.
  • the conductive region has the above-described conductive function
  • the insulating region has the above-described insulating function.
  • the conductive region and the insulating region may be separated at the nanoparticle level.
  • the conductive region and the insulating region may be unevenly distributed in the material, respectively.
  • the conductive region may be observed with the periphery blurred and connected in a cloud shape.
  • the conductive region and the insulating region are dispersed in the material with a size of 0.5 nm to 10 nm, preferably 0.5 nm to 3 nm, respectively. There is.
  • CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide is composed of components having different band gaps.
  • CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide includes a component having a wide gap caused by an insulating region and a component having a narrow gap caused by a conductive region.
  • the carrier when the carrier flows, the carrier mainly flows in the component having the narrow gap.
  • the component having a narrow gap acts in a complementary manner to the component having a wide gap, and the carrier flows through the component having the wide gap in conjunction with the component having the narrow gap. Therefore, when the CAC-OS or the CAC-metal oxide is used for a channel region of a transistor, high current driving capability, that is, high on-state current and high field-effect mobility can be obtained in the on-state of the transistor.
  • CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide can also be called a matrix composite material (metal matrix composite) or a metal matrix composite material (metal matrix composite).
  • the arithmetic circuit 15 has a function of reading a program having information related to the display method of the display device 10 held in the storage circuit 14 and operating the display device 10 based on the program. For example, it has a function of analyzing an image of a surrounding landscape photographed by the sensor 13. For example, the part of the display unit 11 that the person using the display device 10 is gazing at based on an image of the surrounding landscape photographed by the sensor 13, and each part of the display unit 11 is obtained based on this. It has a function of determining pixels used for image display.
  • the arithmetic circuit 15 has a function of generating display data corresponding to an image displayed by the display unit 11.
  • a CPU Central Processing Unit
  • DSP Digital Signal Processor
  • GPU Graphics Processing Unit
  • PLD Programmable Logic Device
  • FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
  • FPAA Field Programmable Analog Array
  • the source driver circuit 17a has a function of D / A converting the display data generated by the arithmetic circuit 15 and transmitting the D / A converted display data to the pixel 12a.
  • the source driver circuit 17b has a function of D / A converting the display data generated by the arithmetic circuit 15 and transmitting the D / A converted display data to the pixel 12b.
  • the gate driver circuit 18a has a function of supplying a selection signal to the pixel 12a.
  • the gate driver circuit 18b has a function of supplying a selection signal to the pixel 12b.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a structure in which two source driver circuits are provided and two gate driver circuits are provided
  • the display device of one embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • one source driver circuit and one gate driver circuit may be provided.
  • three or more source driver circuits and three or more gate driver circuits may be provided.
  • two source driver circuits and one gate driver circuit may be provided.
  • one source driver circuit and two gate driver circuits may be provided.
  • the pixel 12 can be configured to include sub-pixels.
  • the pixel 12 can have a structure including three types of sub-pixels: a sub-pixel 12R, a sub-pixel 12G, and a sub-pixel 12B.
  • each of the subpixel 12R, the subpixel 12G, and the subpixel 12B is provided with a display element having a function of displaying white, and the subpixel 12R is provided with a colored layer that transmits red light (wavelength of 620 nm or more and 750 nm or less).
  • the subpixel 12G can be provided with a colored layer that transmits green (wavelength of 500 nm or more and less than 570 nm), and the subpixel 12B can be provided with a colored layer that transmits blue (wavelength of 450 nm or more and less than 500 nm).
  • the subpixel 12R has a function of emitting red light, for example
  • the subpixel 12G has a function of emitting green light, for example
  • the subpixel 12B has a function of emitting blue light, for example.
  • subpixels having a function of emitting light such as purple (380 nm or more and less than 590 nm), yellow (570 nm or more and less than 590 nm), or orange (590 nm or more and less than 620 nm) are subpixels 12R, 12G, or 12B. May be provided in place of any of the above, or may be provided in addition to the subpixel 12R, the subpixel 12G, and the subpixel 12B.
  • the pixel 12a and the pixel 12b may be collectively referred to as a pixel 12.
  • the pixel 12 may include a sub-pixel 12W in addition to the sub-pixel 12R, the sub-pixel 12G, and the sub-pixel 12B.
  • the subpixel 12W can be provided with a display element having a function of displaying white and without a colored layer. With this configuration, the sub-pixel 12W has a function of emitting white light. Thereby, the brightness of the image displayed on the display part 11 can be raised.
  • the display elements included in the sub-pixel 12R, the sub-pixel 12G, and the sub-pixel 12B may not have a function of displaying white.
  • a display element having a function of displaying red is provided in the subpixel 12R
  • a display element having a function of displaying green is provided in the subpixel 12G
  • a display element having a function of displaying blue is provided in the subpixel 12B.
  • the pixel 12 can be configured to have no colored layer.
  • part or all of one or both of the pixel 12a and the pixel 12b do not have the sub-pixel 12R, the sub-pixel 12G, and the sub-pixel 12B, but have only the sub-pixel 12W, as shown in FIG. It is good also as a structure. That is, part or all of one or both of the pixel 12a and the pixel 12b may have a function of emitting only white light. For example, all the pixels 12a may have a function of emitting only white light. As described above, the brightness of the image displayed on the display unit 11 can be increased.
  • the display unit 11a and the display unit 11b are stacked as shown in FIG. Therefore, the pixel 12a and the pixel 12b are stacked.
  • FIGS. 3A, 3 ⁇ / b> B, and 3 ⁇ / b> C are schematic diagrams illustrating a configuration example of the display device 10. 3A, 3B, and 3C, components other than the display unit 11, the pixel 12, and the sensor 13 are omitted.
  • the sensor 13 can be two or more sensors. Thereby, for example, the distance between the person who uses the display device 10 and the display unit 11 can be calculated. Thereby, the part of the display part 11 which the person using the display apparatus 10 is gazing at can be calculated correctly.
  • the display device 10 includes two sensors, a sensor 13a and a sensor 13b, and may be provided on the upper left and upper right of the display device 10, respectively.
  • the display device 10 has four sensors, that is, a sensor 13a, a sensor 13b, a sensor 13c, and a sensor 13d, in the upper left, upper right, lower left, and lower right of the display device 10, respectively. It may be provided.
  • the sensor 13 may have three sensors or five or more sensors.
  • the display device 10 may include only one sensor 13.
  • the sensor 13 can be provided on the upper portion of the display device 10. Even when the display device 10 has only one sensor 13, for example, one of the eyes of the person using the display device 10 and the other eye of the person using the display device 10 in the image captured by the sensor 13. The distance between the person who uses the display device 10 and the display unit 11 can be calculated.
  • the sensor 13 can be provided at an arbitrary position.
  • the sensor 13 may include, for example, a fixed focus type or variable focus type optical device (such as a lens) and an image sensor that can detect two-dimensionally visible light.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart for explaining an example of a program that executes the display method of the display device 10 having the configuration shown in FIG.
  • step S01 the landscape observed from the display unit 11 of the display device 10 is photographed by the sensor 13 (step S01).
  • the image taken by the sensor 13 is analyzed by the arithmetic circuit 15 (step S02). For example, it is determined whether the image of the person using the display device 10 is included in the image captured by the sensor 13 (step S03).
  • step S03 it is determined whether the image of the person using the display device 10 is included in the image captured by the sensor 13.
  • the display unit 11 is not included in the field of view of the person using the display device 10. For this reason, for example, it is not necessary to display an image on either the display unit 11a or the display unit 11b (step S04). Thereby, the power consumption of the display apparatus 10 can be reduced.
  • the arithmetic circuit 15 analyzes the pupil included in the eye (step S05). For example, it is determined whether or not a pupil included in the eyes of the person using the display device 10 is detected from an image captured by the sensor 13 (step S06). When the pupil is not detected, it can be considered that the person who uses the display device 10 is far away from the display unit 11. In this case, there is no major problem even if the image displayed on the display unit 11 is not high quality, and for example, the image can be displayed only on the display unit 11a (step S07). Thereby, the power consumption of the display apparatus 10 can be reduced. Or in step S07, it is not necessary to display an image on either the display part 11a or the display part 11b. In this case, the power consumption of the display device 10 can be further reduced.
  • the calculation circuit 15 analyzes the direction and position of the pupil, the distance to the display unit 11, and the like, and calculates the portion that the person using the display device 10 is gazing at ( Step S08).
  • the distance from the pupil to the display unit 11 is the pupil included in one eye of the person using the display device 10 and the pupil included in the other eye of the person using the display device 10 in the image taken by the sensor 13. It can calculate based on the distance between.
  • the sensor 13 includes two or more sensors, the distance from the pupil to the display unit 11 can be calculated even when only the pupil included in one of the eyes of the person using the display device 10 is detected. it can.
  • step S09 it is determined whether or not the display unit 11 includes a portion that is being watched by a person using the display device 10 (step S09).
  • the display unit 11 is included in the field of view of the person using the display device 10, but it is assumed that the attention of the person using the display device 10 deviates from the display unit 11. Can do.
  • the image displayed on the display unit 11 is not high quality, and for example, the image can be displayed only on the display unit 11a (step S10). Thereby, the power consumption of the display apparatus 10 can be reduced.
  • step S11 When the display unit 11 includes a portion that is being watched by a person using the display device 10, it is determined whether or not text is displayed on the portion that is being watched (step S11). When no text is displayed, for example, some of the images displayed on the display unit 11 are displayed only on the display unit 11b or both on the display unit 11a and the display unit 11b, and others are displayed on the display unit. An image can be displayed only at 11a (step S12). For example, an image displayed on a portion being watched by a person using the display device 10 and a portion in the vicinity thereof is displayed only on the display unit 11b or on both the display unit 11a and the display unit 11b, and is displayed on other portions. The displayed image can be displayed only on the display unit 11a.
  • the term text indicates a group of characters displayed on the display unit 11.
  • the display mode in which the image displayed on each part of the display unit 11 is displayed can be determined based on the brightness of external light, for example. For example, when the outside light is bright, a part of the image displayed on the display unit 11 can be displayed on both the display unit 11a and the display unit 11b. For example, when the outside light is dark, a part of the image displayed on the display unit 11 can be displayed only on the display unit 11b, and the other can be displayed only on the display unit 11a.
  • step S12 for example, a person using the display device 10 may arbitrarily set in which display mode an image displayed on each part of the display unit 11 is displayed.
  • Step S12 will be described in detail with reference to FIG.
  • FIG. 5 shows a portion 20a on which the person who uses the display device 10 is gazing, a portion 20b in the vicinity of the portion 20a, and a portion 20c that is a portion other than the portion 20a and the portion 20b.
  • FIG. 5 shows a portion 20a on which the person who uses the display device 10 is gazing, a portion 20b in the vicinity of the portion 20a, and a portion 20c that is a portion other than the portion 20a and the portion 20b.
  • the portion 20a can be calculated by step S08 as described above.
  • the part 20b can be a specific part outside the part 20a.
  • the portion 20b may have a circular shape in which the center is the same as the portion 20a and a numerical value x (x is 0 or more) is added to the radius of the portion 20a.
  • the numerical value x may be fixed, may be arbitrarily set by a person using the display device 10, or may be automatically set according to some condition such as the brightness of outside light. .
  • the shape of the portion 20a is not limited to a circle, and may be an ellipse, a rectangle, a triangle, a quadrangle, a polygon, or the like.
  • the shape of the portion 20b can be set according to the shape of the portion 20a.
  • the image displayed on the part 20a and the image displayed on the part 20b can be displayed only on the display unit 11b, and the image displayed on the part 20c can be displayed only on the display unit 11a. That is, in the portion 20a and the portion 20b, an image can be displayed using only the pixel 12b, and in the portion 20c, an image can be displayed using only the pixel 12a.
  • the entire image displayed in the portion 20b may not be displayed only on the display unit 11b, but a part of the image may be displayed only on the display unit 11a.
  • the pixels 12 provided in the portion 20b not all of the pixels 12 may display an image using only the pixel 12b, but a part of the image may be displayed using only the pixel 12a.
  • the closer to the portion 20a the higher the ratio of the pixels 12 that display an image using only the pixel 12b, and the closer to the portion 20c (away from the portion 20a), the more the pixel 12 that displays an image using only the pixel 12a.
  • the ratio of can be increased.
  • the image displayed on the part 20a and the image displayed on the part 20b can be displayed on both the display unit 11a and the display unit 11b, and the image displayed on the part 20c can be displayed only on the display unit 11a. That is, in the portion 20a and the portion 20b, an image can be displayed using both the pixel 12a and the pixel 12b, and in the portion 20c, an image can be displayed using only the pixel 12a.
  • the entire image displayed on the portion 20b may not be displayed on both the display unit 11a and the display unit 11b, but a part of the image may be displayed only on the display unit 11a. That is, among the pixels 12 provided in the portion 20b, not all of the pixels 12 are displayed using both the pixel 12a and the pixel 12b, but a part of the image is displayed using only the pixel 12a. Also good. For example, the closer to the portion 20a, the higher the ratio of the pixels 12 that display the image using the pixels 12a and 12b, and the closer to the portion 20c (away from the portion 20a), the more the image is displayed using only the pixel 12a. The ratio of the pixels 12 can be increased.
  • part of the image displayed on the display unit 11 is displayed only on the display unit 11b, the other part is displayed on both the display unit 11a and the display unit 11b, and the other part is displayed on the display unit.
  • the case where only 11a is displayed is demonstrated.
  • the image displayed on the part 20a is displayed only on the display unit 11b
  • the image displayed on the part 20b is displayed on both the display unit 11a and the display unit 11b
  • the image displayed on the part 20c is displayed on the display unit 11a. Can only be displayed.
  • an image is displayed using only the pixel 12b
  • an image is displayed using both the pixel 12a and the pixel 12b
  • an image is displayed using only the pixel 12a. it can.
  • the entire image displayed on the portion 20b may not be displayed on both the display unit 11a and the display unit 11b, but a part thereof may be displayed only on the display unit 11a.
  • you may display a part of image displayed on the part 20b only on the display part 11b. That is, an image may be displayed by using only the pixel 12b for a part of the pixels 12 provided in the portion 20b.
  • the closer to the portion 20a the higher the ratio of the pixels 12 that display the image using only the pixel 12b, and the closer to the portion 20c (away from the portion 20a), the more the image is displayed using both the pixel 12a and the pixel 12b.
  • the ratio of the pixels 12 to be displayed can be increased.
  • the closer to the portion 20a the smaller the ratio of the pixels 12a contributing to the image display, and the closer to the portion 20c (away from the portion 20a), the greater the proportion of the pixels 12a contributing to the image display. it can. As a result, it is possible to suppress a sudden change in image quality at the boundary between the portion 20a and the portion 20b.
  • step S12 even when the part 20b and the part 20c are displayed on any display part (displayed only on the display part 11a, displayed only on the display part 11b, and displayed on both the display part 11a and the display part 11b), Part of the part 20b and / or part of the part 20c may be displayed only on the display unit 11a, may be displayed only on the display unit 11b, or both the display unit 11a and the display unit 11b are used. It may be displayed. That is, an image is displayed by using only the pixel 12a for some of the pixels 12 provided in a part of the part 20b and / or a part of the pixels 12 provided in a part of the part 20c. Alternatively, the image may be displayed using only the pixel 12b, or the image may be displayed using both the pixel 12a and the pixel 12b.
  • step S11 when the text is displayed in the part which the person who uses the display apparatus 10 is gazing, it is determined whether the text is horizontal writing or vertical writing (step S13).
  • the text is displayed in horizontal writing, for example, the text described in some lines is displayed only on the display unit 11b or on both the display unit 11a and the display unit 11b, and the text described on the other lines. Can be displayed only on the display unit 11a (step S14).
  • the text is displayed in vertical writing, for example, the text described in a part of the column is displayed only on the display unit 11b or on both the display unit 11a and the display unit 11b and described in the other column.
  • the text can be displayed only on the display unit 11a (step S15).
  • step S14 and step S15 the display mode in which the text displayed on each part of the display unit 11 is displayed can be determined based on, for example, the brightness of external light. For example, when the outside light is bright, the text written in some rows or columns of the display unit 11 can be displayed on both the display unit 11a and the display unit 11b. For example, when the outside light is dark, the text written in some rows or columns of the display unit 11 can be displayed only on the display unit 11b, and the other can be displayed only on the display unit 11a.
  • step S14 and step S15 for example, a person using the display device 10 may arbitrarily set in which display mode the text displayed in each part of the display unit 11 is displayed. Moreover, even if the text is written on the same line in the case of horizontal writing and on the same column in the case of vertical writing, the display unit for displaying may be changed for each character.
  • Step S14 will be described in detail with reference to FIG.
  • FIG. 6 shows the display unit 11 that displays text horizontally.
  • the part 20a shows the part which the person who uses the display apparatus 10 is gazing at as described in FIG.
  • the text described in the line to which the text included in the part 20a belongs can be displayed only on the display unit 11b, and the text described in the other line can be displayed only on the display unit 11a.
  • the reference numerals such as [1] and [2] are used.
  • the reference numerals such as [1] and [2] are used.
  • the reference numerals such as [1] and [2] are used.
  • they are distinguished by being described as a portion 20a [1], a portion 20a [2], and the like.
  • the user of the display device 10 may not be gazing at all of the plurality of portions 20a, but may be observing, for example, one portion 20a.
  • the portion 20a [1] illustrated in FIG. 6 is a portion being watched by a person using the display device 10.
  • the part 20a [1] includes a part of “Where”.
  • “Where 'tis novelr in the mind to buffer” can be displayed only on the display unit 11b, and other text can be displayed only on the display unit 11a.
  • “Where 'tis nobleer in the mind to buffer” can be displayed using only the pixel 12b, and other text can be displayed using only the pixel 12a.
  • the text described in the adjacent line is displayed only on the display unit 11b, and the text described in the other line is displayed in the display unit. It can be displayed only in 11a.
  • one line before and after the text described in the line to which the text included in the portion 20a belongs can be set as a neighboring line.
  • the part 20a [1] is a part that is being watched by a person using the display device 10, “To be, or not to be: what is the request:” and “The slings and arrows of outlookous forth, "Can be a line in the vicinity of” Where 'tis novelr in the mind to buffer "that is a line including the portion 20a [1].
  • the line to which the text included in the portion 20a [1] belongs and the lines in the vicinity thereof (3 lines in total) are described as line 22 [1].
  • the text described in the line 22 [1] can be displayed only on the display unit 11b, and the text described in another line can be displayed only on the display unit 11a. That is, for example, the text described in the row 22 [1] can be displayed using only the pixel 12b, and the text described in another row can be displayed using only the pixel 12a.
  • two lines before and after the text described in the line to which the text included in the portion 20a belongs may be set as neighboring lines, and three or more lines may be set as neighboring lines.
  • the text included in the portion 20a may not be one line.
  • two lines of text may be included as in the portion 20a [2].
  • the portion 20a may include three or more lines of text.
  • the portion 20a [2] shown in FIG. 6 is a portion being watched by a person using the display device 10.
  • “And by popping end theme? To die: to Sleep;” and “No more; and by by sleep to say we end” are displayed only in the display unit 11b, and other text is displayed in the display unit 11a.
  • the text described in the line 22 [2] can be displayed only on the display unit 11b, and the text described in another line can be displayed only on the display unit 11a. That is, for example, the text described in the row 22 [2] can be displayed using only the pixel 12b, and the text described in another row can be displayed using only the pixel 12a.
  • the display unit for displaying the text is displayed for each line as in the case where the text of the one part or two lines is included in the part 20a. Can be determined.
  • step S14 the text described in some lines may be displayed by both the display unit 11a and the display unit 11b.
  • the text that is displayed only on the display unit 11b in the above description can be displayed on both the display unit 11a and the display unit 11b.
  • the text described in the line to which the text included in the portion 20a belongs can be displayed by both the display unit 11a and the display unit 11b, and the text described in the other line can be displayed only by the display unit 11a. That is, for example, the text described in the line to which the text included in the portion 20a belongs can be displayed using both the pixel 12a and the pixel 12b, and the text described in the other line can be displayed only in the pixel 12a.
  • the text described in the adjacent line is displayed on both the display unit 11a and the display unit 11b and described in the other line.
  • the text can be displayed only on the display unit 11a. That is, for example, in addition to the text described in the line to which the text included in the portion 20a belongs, the text described in the neighboring line is displayed using both the pixel 12a and the pixel 12b, and is described in the other line. Text can be displayed using only the pixels 12a.
  • a part may be displayed only on the display unit 11b, or the display unit 11a And the display unit 11b.
  • step S15 In the case where the display device 10 is operated according to the procedure shown in step S15, that is, in the case where the vertically written text is displayed in the portion being watched by the person using the display device 10, “row” is referred to as “column”. By replacing, the description of step S14 can be referred to.
  • step S03 is an example of a program that executes the display method of the display device 10.
  • step S06 determines whether the display method of the display device 10.
  • step S09 executes the display method of the display device 10.
  • step S11 executes the display method of the display device 10.
  • step S13 can be performed using, for example, AI (Artificial Intelligence).
  • AI Artificial Intelligence
  • step S05 the pupil included in the eyes of the person using the display device 10 is not analyzed, and instead, the distance between the eyes of the person using the display device 10 and the display unit 11 is calculated. Also good.
  • the distance from the eyes of the person using the display device 10 to the display unit 11 is, for example, one of the eyes of the person using the display device 10 and the eyes of the person using the display device 10 in the image taken by the sensor 13. It can be calculated based on the distance between the other. When the sensor 13 includes two or more sensors, the distance from the pupil to the display unit 11 can be calculated even when only one eye of the person using the display device 10 is detected.
  • step S06 it is determined whether or not the distance between the eyes of the person using the display device 10 and the display unit 11 is equal to or greater than a specified value. If the distance is equal to or greater than the specified value, the process proceeds to step S07. For example, an image can be displayed only on the display unit 11a. On the other hand, if it is less than the specified value, the process proceeds to step S08, and the person using the display device 10 pays attention based on the eye position of the person using the display device 10, the distance to the display unit 11, and the like. The part which is doing can be calculated.
  • a high-quality image is displayed on a portion that is being watched by a person using the display device 10, and an image can be displayed on the other portion with low power consumption. it can.
  • a high-quality image is displayed in a portion that is being watched by a person using the display device 10 and a portion in the vicinity thereof, and an image is displayed with low power consumption in the other portions. can do.
  • the power consumption of the display device 10 can be reduced without degrading the display quality of the image recognized by the person using the display device 10.
  • the text when text is displayed on a portion being watched by a person using the display device 10, the text is displayed on a row or column to which the text being watched by the user belongs.
  • the text displayed on the screen is displayed with high quality, and the text displayed on the other rows or columns can be displayed with low power consumption.
  • only the text displayed in the row or column to which the text the user is watching and the row or column in the vicinity thereof is displayed with high quality, and the other rows or columns are displayed.
  • the text displayed in the column can be displayed with low power consumption.
  • the power consumption of the display device 10 can be reduced without degrading the display quality of the text recognized by the person using the display device 10.
  • the display device 10 may be operated using infrared rays.
  • 7A and 7B are examples of schematic views of the display device 10 in the case where an infrared source 21 is provided in the display device 10 illustrated in FIG. 3B.
  • one infrared source 21 can be provided in the display device 10.
  • an infrared source 21 can be provided on the upper portion of the display device 10.
  • the infrared source 21 can be two or more infrared sources.
  • the infrared source 21 a can be provided on the left side of the display device 10
  • the infrared source 21 b can be provided on the right side of the display device 10.
  • the number of infrared sources included in the infrared source 21 may be three or more.
  • the display apparatus 10 can have the function of an infrared source 21 described later, an infrared source can be provided at an arbitrary position.
  • the infrared source 21 has a function of emitting light such as infrared rays.
  • the infrared source 21 has a function of emitting near infrared rays, for example.
  • the infrared source 21 has a function of emitting light having a wavelength of 0.9 ⁇ m to 1.6 ⁇ m, for example.
  • a semiconductor laser or the like can be used as the infrared source 21. By using a laser as the infrared source 21, the spectral width of the light emitted from the infrared source 21 can be made extremely small.
  • the light emitted from the infrared source 21 can be detected by, for example, the sensor 13.
  • the light emitted from the infrared source 21 is reflected when it hits the user of the display device 10, and the reflected light can be detected by the sensor 13.
  • the display device 10 may be provided with a dedicated sensor for detecting infrared rays or the like, for example, and the light emitted from the infrared source 21 can be detected by the sensor.
  • a filter that selectively transmits light having a wavelength emitted from the infrared source 21 may be provided in part or all of the sensor having a function of detecting light emitted from the infrared source 21. Thereby, the noise by the infrared rays etc. which exist in the external world can be suppressed.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart for explaining an example of a program for executing the display method of the display device 10 provided with the infrared source 21.
  • the infrared source 21 is turned on, and the scenery observed from the display unit 11 of the display device 10 is infrared-captured by the sensor 13 (step S21).
  • the infrared image captured by the sensor 13 is analyzed by the arithmetic circuit 15 (step S22). For example, it is determined whether or not the image captured by the sensor 13 includes an eye pupil of the person using the display device 10 (step S23).
  • the human pupil has a very high reflectance of light with wavelengths from red to near infrared. For this reason, even if it does not detect the eyes of the person who uses display device 10, the pupil contained in the eyes can be detected accurately. In addition, since the pupil included in the eyes can be detected in a short time without detecting the eyes of the person using the display device 10, the operation of the display device 10 can be speeded up.
  • the display unit 11 is not included in the field of view of the person using the display device 10. Can do. For this reason, it is not necessary to display an image on either the display part 11a or the display part 11b (step S24). Thereby, the power consumption of the display apparatus 10 can be reduced.
  • the display unit 11 is included in the field of view of the person using the display device 10.
  • the distance from the pupil to the display unit 11 is calculated by the arithmetic circuit 15, and when the distance is equal to or greater than a specified value, for example, an image can be displayed only on the display unit 11a (step S26).
  • the power consumption of the display apparatus 10 can be reduced.
  • step S26 it is not necessary to display an image on either the display part 11a or the display part 11b. In this case, the power consumption of the display device 10 can be further reduced.
  • the distance from the pupil to the display unit 11 is, for example, the pupil included in one of the eyes of the person using the display device 10 in the image captured by the sensor 13 and the person using the display device 10. It can be calculated on the basis of the distance to the pupil included in the other eye.
  • the sensor 13 includes two or more sensors, the distance from the pupil to the display unit 11 can be calculated even when only the pupil included in one of the eyes of the person using the display device 10 is detected. it can.
  • the portion that the person using the display device 10 is gazing at based on the orientation and position of the pupil and the distance to the display unit 11 Is calculated (step S27).
  • Steps S28 to S34 which are operations after step S27, can be the same operations as steps S09 to S15 shown in FIG.
  • step S23 determinations shown in step S23, step S25, step S28, step S30, and step S32 can be performed using AI, for example.
  • Each step shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 8 can be appropriately added, omitted, and changed in order as long as the function of the display device 10 is not impaired.
  • a first display panel provided with a pixel 12a including a liquid crystal element and a second display panel provided with a pixel 12b including a light-emitting element are provided with an adhesive layer interposed therebetween. It has a laminated structure.
  • the liquid crystal element for example, a reflective liquid crystal element, a transmissive liquid crystal element, a transflective liquid crystal element, or the like can be used.
  • gradation can be expressed by controlling the amount of reflected light.
  • the light-emitting element can express gradation by controlling the amount of light emitted.
  • the display device performs display using only reflected light, performs display using only light from the light emitting element, and performs display using both reflected light and light from the light emitting element. be able to.
  • the first display panel is provided on the viewing side, and the second display panel is provided on the side opposite to the viewing side.
  • the first display panel has a first resin layer located closest to the adhesive layer.
  • the second display panel has a second resin layer located closest to the adhesive layer.
  • a third resin layer is provided on the display surface side of the first display panel and a fourth resin layer is provided on the back surface side (the side opposite to the display surface side) of the second display panel.
  • the first resin layer to the fourth resin layer are extremely thin. More specifically, the thickness is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 3 ⁇ m or less. Therefore, even if it is the structure which laminated
  • the resin layer can be formed as follows, for example. That is, a low-viscosity thermosetting resin material is applied on a support substrate and cured by heat treatment to form a resin layer. Then, a structure is formed on the resin layer. Then, one surface of the resin layer is exposed by peeling between the resin layer and the support substrate.
  • a method for reducing the adhesion is to irradiate a laser beam.
  • a linear laser as the laser beam and scanning it.
  • the process time at the time of enlarging the area of a support substrate can be shortened.
  • the laser light an excimer laser having a wavelength of 308 nm can be suitably used.
  • thermosetting polyimide A typical example of a material that can be used for the resin layer is thermosetting polyimide. It is particularly preferable to use photosensitive polyimide. Since photosensitive polyimide is a material that is suitably used for a planarization film or the like of a display panel, a forming apparatus and a material can be shared. Therefore, no new device or material is required to realize the structure of one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the resin layer can be processed by performing exposure and development processing. For example, an opening can be formed or an unnecessary portion can be removed. Further, by optimizing the exposure method and exposure conditions, it is possible to form a concavo-convex shape on the surface. For example, an exposure technique using a halftone mask or a gray tone mask, a multiple exposure technique, or the like may be used.
  • a non-photosensitive resin material may be used.
  • a method of forming a resist mask or a hard mask on the resin layer to form an opening or an uneven shape can also be used.
  • the resin layer located on the light path from the light emitting element it is preferable to partially remove the resin layer located on the light path from the light emitting element. That is, an opening overlapping the light emitting element is provided in the first resin layer and the second resin layer. Thereby, the fall of the color reproducibility accompanying a part of light from a light emitting element being absorbed by the resin layer, and the fall of light extraction efficiency can be suppressed.
  • the resin layer may have two portions with different thicknesses, and the thin portion may overlap the light emitting element. Even with this configuration, absorption of light from the light emitting element by the resin layer can be reduced.
  • the first display panel includes the third resin layer
  • the first display panel includes the third resin layer
  • a light absorption layer is formed on the support substrate, a resin layer having an opening is formed on the light absorption layer, and a light-transmitting layer covering the opening is formed.
  • the light absorption layer is a layer that emits a gas such as hydrogen or oxygen when heated by absorbing light. Therefore, by irradiating light from the support substrate side and releasing the gas from the light absorption layer, the adhesion between the light absorption layer and the support substrate or between the light absorption layer and the light transmitting layer is reduced. , Peeling can occur. Alternatively, the light absorption layer itself can be broken and peeled off.
  • the following method can also be used. That is, the portion that becomes the opening of the resin layer is partially formed thin, and the support substrate and the resin layer are peeled off by the method described above. When the resin layer is thinned by performing plasma treatment or the like on the surface from which the resin layer is peeled, an opening can be formed in a thin portion of the resin layer.
  • Each of the pixel 12a and the pixel 12b preferably includes a transistor.
  • a metal oxide is preferably used as a semiconductor that forms a channel of the transistor.
  • a metal oxide can achieve a high on-state current and ensure high reliability even when the maximum temperature in the manufacturing process of the transistor is reduced (for example, 400 ° C. or lower, preferably 350 ° C. or lower).
  • high heat resistance is not required as a material used for the resin layer located on the formation surface side of the transistor, so that the range of selection of materials can be widened. For example, it can also serve as a resin material used as a planarizing film.
  • LTPS Low Temperature Poly-Silicon
  • high field-effect mobility can be obtained, but laser crystallization process, crystallization pretreatment baking process, impurity activity
  • a baking step or the like is required, and the maximum temperature required for the manufacturing process of the transistor is higher than that in the case where the metal oxide is used (for example, 500 ° C. or higher, 550 ° C. or higher, or 600 ° C. or higher). Therefore, high heat resistance is required for the resin layer located on the formation surface side of the transistor.
  • the resin layer is also irradiated with laser, and thus the resin layer needs to be formed relatively thick (for example, 10 ⁇ m or more, or 20 ⁇ m or more).
  • the metal oxide has a wide band gap (for example, 2.5 eV or more, or 3.0 eV or more) and has a property of transmitting light. Therefore, in the step of peeling the support substrate and the resin layer, even if the laser light is irradiated to the metal oxide, it is difficult to absorb, so that the influence on the electrical characteristics can be suppressed. Therefore, the resin layer can be thinly formed as described above.
  • One embodiment of the present invention is a resin layer that is thinly formed using a low-viscosity photosensitive resin material typified by photosensitive polyimide, and a metal oxide that can realize a transistor with excellent electrical characteristics even at low temperatures. By combining these, a display device with extremely high productivity can be realized.
  • the display device 10 preferably includes a first driving unit that drives the pixel 12a and a second driving unit that drives the pixel 12b. It is preferable that the first driving unit is provided in the first display panel and the second driving unit is provided in the second display panel.
  • the first driver is provided with a source driver circuit 17a and a gate driver circuit 18a
  • the second driver is provided with a source driver circuit 17b and a gate driver circuit 18b.
  • the pixels 12a and 12b are preferably arranged in the display area at the same cycle as shown in FIG. 2 of the first embodiment. Furthermore, it is preferable that the pixel 12a and the pixel 12b are mixedly arranged in the display area of the display device. Thus, as will be described later, an image displayed with only the plurality of pixels 12a, an image displayed with only the plurality of pixels 12b, and an image displayed with both the plurality of pixels 12a and the plurality of pixels 12b are respectively Can be displayed in the same display area.
  • the transistor provided in the pixel 12a of the first display panel and the transistor provided in the pixel 12b of the second display panel may be transistors having the same configuration or different transistors.
  • a bottom-gate transistor has a gate electrode on the lower side (formation surface side) than the semiconductor layer. Further, for example, the source electrode and the drain electrode are provided in contact with the upper surface and the side end portion of the semiconductor layer.
  • a top-gate transistor As another structure of the transistor, for example, a top-gate transistor can be given.
  • a top-gate transistor has a gate electrode above the semiconductor layer (on the side opposite to the formation surface).
  • the first source electrode and the first drain electrode are provided over the insulating layer that covers a part of the upper surface and the side end portion of the semiconductor layer, and the semiconductor layer is provided through the opening provided in the insulating layer. It is electrically connected to.
  • the transistor preferably includes a first gate electrode and a second gate electrode which are provided to face each other with a semiconductor layer interposed therebetween.
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the display device 10.
  • the display device 10 has a configuration in which the display panel 100 and the display panel 200 are bonded together with an adhesive layer 50.
  • the display device 10 includes a substrate 611 on the back side (the side opposite to the viewing side) and a substrate 612 on the front side (viewing side).
  • the display panel 100 includes a transistor 110 and a light emitting element 120 between a resin layer 101 and a resin layer 102.
  • the display panel 200 includes a transistor 210 and a liquid crystal element 220 between a resin layer 201 and a resin layer 202.
  • the resin layer 101 is bonded to the substrate 611 through the adhesive layer 51.
  • the resin layer 202 is bonded to the substrate 612 through the adhesive layer 52.
  • the resin layer 102, the resin layer 201, and the resin layer 202 are each provided with an opening.
  • a region 81 illustrated in FIG. 9 is a region overlapping with the light emitting element 120 and overlapping with the opening of the resin layer 102, the opening of the resin layer 201, and the opening of the resin layer 202.
  • the resin layer 101 includes a transistor 110, a light-emitting element 120, an insulating layer 131, an insulating layer 132, an insulating layer 133, an insulating layer 134, an insulating layer 135, and the like.
  • the resin layer 102 is provided with a light shielding layer 153, a colored layer 152, and the like.
  • the resin layer 101 and the resin layer 102 are bonded by an adhesive layer 151.
  • the transistor 110 is provided over the insulating layer 131 and functions as one of a conductive layer 111 functioning as a gate electrode, a part of the insulating layer 132 functioning as a gate insulating layer, the semiconductor layer 112, and a source or drain electrode.
  • a conductive layer 113a that functions as the other of the source electrode and the drain electrode.
  • the semiconductor layer 112 preferably contains a metal oxide.
  • the insulating layer 133 and the insulating layer 134 are provided so as to cover the transistor 110.
  • the insulating layer 134 functions as a planarization layer.
  • the light-emitting element 120 has a structure in which a conductive layer 121, an EL layer 122, and a conductive layer 123 are stacked.
  • the conductive layer 121 has a function of reflecting visible light
  • the conductive layer 123 has a function of transmitting visible light. Therefore, the light-emitting element 120 is a top-emission type (also referred to as top-emission type) light-emitting element that emits light to the side opposite to the surface to be formed.
  • the conductive layer 121 is electrically connected to the conductive layer 113b through an opening provided in the insulating layer 134 and the insulating layer 133.
  • the insulating layer 135 is provided with an opening so as to cover an end portion of the conductive layer 121 and to expose an upper surface of the conductive layer 121.
  • the EL layer 122 and the conductive layer 123 are sequentially provided so as to cover the exposed portions of the insulating layer 135 and the conductive layer 121.
  • An insulating layer 141 is provided on the resin layer 101 side of the resin layer 102.
  • a light shielding layer 153 and a colored layer 152 are provided on the resin layer 101 side of the insulating layer 141.
  • the coloring layer 152 is provided in a region overlapping with the light emitting element 120.
  • the light shielding layer 153 has an opening in a portion overlapping with the light emitting element 120.
  • the insulating layer 141 is provided so as to cover the opening of the resin layer 102. Further, the portion of the insulating layer 141 that overlaps the opening of the resin layer 102 is in contact with the adhesive layer 50.
  • the resin layer 201 includes a transistor 210, a conductive layer 221, an alignment film 224a, an insulating layer 231, an insulating layer 232, an insulating layer 233, an insulating layer 234, and the like.
  • the resin layer 202 is provided with an insulating layer 204, a conductive layer 223, an alignment film 224b, and the like.
  • a liquid crystal 222 is sandwiched between the alignment film 224a and the alignment film 224b.
  • the resin layer 201 and the resin layer 202 are bonded by an adhesive layer in a region not shown.
  • the transistor 210 is provided over the insulating layer 231 and functions as a conductive layer 211 functioning as a gate electrode, a part of the insulating layer 232 functioning as a gate insulating layer, the semiconductor layer 212, and one of a source electrode and a drain electrode.
  • a conductive layer 213a that functions as the other of the source electrode and the drain electrode.
  • the semiconductor layer 212 preferably contains a metal oxide.
  • the insulating layer 233 and the insulating layer 234 are provided so as to cover the transistor 210.
  • the insulating layer 234 functions as a planarization layer.
  • the liquid crystal element 220 includes a conductive layer 221, a conductive layer 223, and a liquid crystal 222 positioned therebetween.
  • the conductive layer 221 has a function of reflecting visible light
  • the conductive layer 223 has a function of transmitting visible light. Therefore, the liquid crystal element 220 having the structure shown in FIG. 9 can be a reflective liquid crystal element. Note that in the case where the conductive layer 221 is a conductive layer having a function of transmitting visible light, the liquid crystal element 220 can be a transmissive liquid crystal element.
  • the conductive layer 211 is electrically connected to the conductive layer 213b through an opening provided in the insulating layer 234 and the insulating layer 233.
  • the alignment film 224 a is provided so as to cover the surfaces of the conductive layer 211 and the insulating layer 234.
  • a conductive layer 223 and an alignment film 224b are stacked on the resin layer 201 side of the resin layer 202. Note that an insulating layer 204 is provided between the resin layer 202 and the conductive layer 223. Further, a colored layer for coloring the reflected light of the liquid crystal element 220 may be provided.
  • the insulating layer 231 is provided so as to cover the opening of the resin layer 201. Further, the portion of the insulating layer 231 that overlaps the opening of the resin layer 202 is provided in contact with the adhesive layer 50.
  • the insulating layer 204 is provided so as to cover the opening of the resin layer 202. A portion of the insulating layer 204 that overlaps with the opening of the resin layer 202 is provided in contact with the adhesive layer 52.
  • the display device 10 includes a portion where the light emitting element 120 does not overlap with the liquid crystal element 220 when viewed from above. As a result, as shown in FIG. 9, the light emission 621 colored by the colored layer 152 is emitted from the light emitting element 120 to the viewing side. In the liquid crystal element 220, the reflected light 622, which is reflected from the outside light by the conductive layer 221, is emitted through the liquid crystal 222.
  • the light emission 621 emitted from the light emitting element 120 is emitted to the viewing side through the opening of the resin layer 102, the opening of the resin layer 201, and the opening of the resin layer 202. Therefore, even when the resin layer 102, the resin layer 201, and the resin layer 202 absorb part of visible light, these resin layers are not present on the optical path of the light emission 621, so that the light extraction efficiency and color reproduction are The property can be made high.
  • the substrate 612 functions as a polarizing plate or a circular polarizing plate.
  • a polarizing plate or a circular polarizing plate may be provided outside the substrate 612.
  • the display panel 200 does not have a colored layer and does not perform color display.
  • a color layer may be provided on the resin layer 202 side to enable color display.
  • the opening is provided in the resin layer located on the light path from the light emitting element 120, but the opening may also be provided in the resin layer located on the light path in the liquid crystal element 220. Good.
  • FIG. 10 shows an example having a region 82 in addition to the region 81.
  • the region 82 is a region overlapping with the opening of the resin layer 202 and the liquid crystal element 220.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates an example in which the resin layer 202 is provided with one opening including both the light-emitting element 120 and the liquid crystal element 220; however, the opening overlapping the light-emitting element 120, the liquid crystal element 220, It is good also as a structure by which the opening part which overlaps was provided separately.
  • the display device 10 illustrated in FIG. 9 is an example in which a bottom-gate transistor is applied to both the transistor 110 and the transistor 210.
  • the conductive layer 111 functioning as a gate electrode is located on the formation surface side (resin layer 101 side) of the semiconductor layer 112.
  • An insulating layer 132 is provided to cover the conductive layer 111.
  • the semiconductor layer 112 is provided so as to cover the conductive layer 111.
  • a region of the semiconductor layer 112 that overlaps with the conductive layer 111 corresponds to a channel formation region.
  • the conductive layer 113a and the conductive layer 113b are provided in contact with the upper surface and side end portions of the semiconductor layer 112, respectively.
  • the transistor 110 illustrates an example in which the width of the semiconductor layer 112 is larger than that of the conductive layer 111.
  • the semiconductor layer 112 is disposed between the conductive layer 111 and the conductive layer 113a or the conductive layer 113b, so that the parasitic capacitance between the conductive layer 111 and the conductive layer 113a or the conductive layer 113b is reduced. Can do.
  • the transistor 110 is a channel-etched transistor and can be suitably used for a high-definition display device because it is relatively easy to reduce the area occupied by the transistor.
  • the transistor 210 has characteristics in common with the transistor 110.
  • transistors that can be applied to the transistor 110 and the transistor 210 are described.
  • a transistor 110 a illustrated in FIG. 11A is different from the transistor 110 in that the transistor 110 a includes a conductive layer 114 and an insulating layer 136.
  • the conductive layer 114 is provided over the insulating layer 133 and has a region overlapping with the semiconductor layer 112.
  • the insulating layer 136 is provided so as to cover the conductive layer 114 and the insulating layer 133.
  • the conductive layer 114 is located on the side opposite to the conductive layer 111 with the semiconductor layer 112 interposed therebetween.
  • the conductive layer 111 is a first gate electrode
  • the conductive layer 114 can function as a second gate electrode.
  • the on-state current of the transistor 110a can be increased.
  • the threshold voltage of the transistor 110a can be controlled.
  • a conductive material containing an oxide is preferably used for the conductive layer 114.
  • oxygen can be supplied to the insulating layer 133 by forming the conductive film that forms the conductive layer 114 in an atmosphere containing oxygen.
  • the proportion of oxygen gas in the film forming gas is in the range of 90% to 100%.
  • Oxygen supplied to the insulating layer 133 is supplied to the semiconductor layer 112 by a subsequent heat treatment, so that oxygen vacancies in the semiconductor layer 112 can be reduced.
  • a metal oxide with reduced resistance is preferably used for the conductive layer 114.
  • an insulating film that releases hydrogen for example, a silicon nitride film or the like is preferably used for the insulating layer 136. Hydrogen is supplied into the conductive layer 114 during the formation of the insulating layer 136 or by heat treatment thereafter, so that the electrical resistance of the conductive layer 114 can be effectively reduced.
  • a transistor 110b illustrated in FIG. 11B is a top-gate transistor.
  • the conductive layer 111 functioning as a gate electrode is provided above the semiconductor layer 112 (on the side opposite to the formation surface).
  • the semiconductor layer 112 is formed over the insulating layer 131.
  • an insulating layer 132 and a conductive layer 111 are stacked over the semiconductor layer 112.
  • the insulating layer 133 is provided so as to cover the upper surface and side edges of the semiconductor layer 112, the side surface of the insulating layer 133, and the conductive layer 111.
  • the conductive layer 113 a and the conductive layer 113 b are provided over the insulating layer 133.
  • the conductive layer 113 a and the conductive layer 113 b are electrically connected to the top surface of the semiconductor layer 112 through an opening provided in the insulating layer 133.
  • the insulating layer 132 may be provided so as to cover the top surface and the side edge of the semiconductor layer 112. .
  • the transistor 110b can easily separate a physical distance between the conductive layer 111 and the conductive layer 113a or the conductive layer 113b, parasitic capacitance between the conductive layer 111 and the conductive layer 113a can be reduced.
  • a transistor 110c illustrated in FIG. 11C is different from the transistor 110b in that the transistor 110c includes a conductive layer 115 and an insulating layer 137.
  • the conductive layer 115 is provided over the insulating layer 131 and has a region overlapping with the semiconductor layer 112.
  • the insulating layer 137 is provided so as to cover the conductive layer 115 and the insulating layer 131.
  • the conductive layer 115 functions as a second gate electrode like the conductive layer 114. For this reason, it is possible to increase the on-current, control the threshold voltage, and the like.
  • the transistor included in the display panel 100 and the transistor included in the display panel 200 may be configured with different transistors.
  • a transistor that is electrically connected to the light-emitting element 120 needs to pass a relatively large current; therefore, the transistor 110a or the transistor 110c is used, and the other transistors are used to reduce the area occupied by the transistor.
  • the transistor 110 can be applied.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates an example in which the transistor 110 a is applied instead of the transistor 210 in FIG. 9 and the transistor 110 c is applied instead of the transistor 110.
  • a display device exemplified below is a display device including both a liquid crystal element and a light-emitting element.
  • the pixel 12 described in Embodiment 1 includes a liquid crystal element and a light-emitting element.
  • the liquid crystal element and the light emitting element have portions that overlap each other.
  • FIG. 13A illustrates a configuration example of the electrode 311 included in the pixel 12.
  • the electrode 311 functions as a reflective electrode of the liquid crystal element in the pixel 12.
  • the electrode 311 is provided with an opening 451.
  • the light-emitting element 120 located in a region overlapping with the electrode 311 is indicated by a broken line.
  • the light emitting element 120 is disposed so as to overlap with the opening 451 included in the electrode 311. Thereby, the light emitted from the light emitting element 120 is emitted to the display surface side through the opening 451.
  • the pixels 12 adjacent in the direction R are pixels corresponding to different colors.
  • the openings 451 are provided at different positions so that the electrodes 311 are not arranged in a line. Accordingly, the two light emitting elements 120 can be separated from each other, and a phenomenon (also referred to as crosstalk) in which light emitted from the light emitting elements 120 enters the colored layer of the adjacent pixel 12 can be suppressed.
  • the two adjacent light emitting elements 120 can be arranged apart from each other, a display device with high definition can be realized even when the EL layer of the light emitting element 120 is separately formed using a shadow mask or the like.
  • the display using the liquid crystal element becomes dark. If the ratio of the total area of the openings 451 to the total area of the non-openings is too small, the display using the light emitting element 120 will be dark.
  • the shape of the opening 451 can be, for example, a polygon, a rectangle, an ellipse, a circle, a cross, or the like. Moreover, it is good also as an elongated streak shape, a slit shape, and a checkered shape. Further, the opening 451 may be arranged close to adjacent pixels. Preferably, the opening 451 is arranged close to other pixels displaying the same color. Thereby, crosstalk can be suppressed.
  • FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of the pixel 12.
  • the pixel 12 includes the pixel 12a and the pixel 12b.
  • the pixel 12a includes a switch SW1, a capacitor C1, a liquid crystal element 220 (a liquid crystal element 220R, a liquid crystal element 220G, a liquid crystal element 220B, and a liquid crystal element 220W) and the like.
  • the pixel 12b includes a switch SW2, a transistor M, a capacitor C2, a light emitting element 120 (light emitting element 120R, light emitting element 120G, light emitting element 120B, and light emitting element 120W) and the like.
  • a wiring Ga1, a wiring Ga2, a wiring CSCOM, a wiring Sa1, and a wiring Sa2 are electrically connected to the pixel 12a.
  • a wiring Gb1, a wiring Gb2, a wiring ANO, a wiring Sb1, and a wiring Sb2 are electrically connected to the pixel 12b.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates the wiring VCOM1 that is electrically connected to the liquid crystal element 220R, the liquid crystal element 220G, the liquid crystal element 220B, and the liquid crystal element 220W.
  • the light-emitting element 120R, the light-emitting element 120G, the light-emitting element 120B, and the wiring VCOM2 electrically connected to the light-emitting element 120W are illustrated.
  • FIG. 14 shows an example in which transistors are used for the switch SW1 and the switch SW2.
  • the switch SW1 has a gate connected to the wiring Ga1 or the wiring Ga2, one of the source or the drain connected to the wiring Sa1 or the wiring Sa2, and the other of the source or the drain connected to one electrode of the capacitor C1, the liquid crystal element 220R, and the liquid crystal It is connected to one electrode of the element 220G, the liquid crystal element 220B, or the liquid crystal element 220W.
  • the other electrode of the capacitor C1 is connected to the wiring CSCOM.
  • the other electrode of the liquid crystal element 220R, the liquid crystal element 220G, the liquid crystal element 220B, and the liquid crystal element 220W is connected to the wiring VCOM1.
  • the switch SW2 has a gate connected to the wiring Gb1 or the wiring Gb2, one of a source or a drain connected to the wiring Sb1 or the wiring Sb2, and the other of the source or the drain connected to one electrode of the capacitor C2 and the gate of the transistor M. Connected with.
  • the other electrode of the capacitor C2 is connected to one of the source and the drain of the transistor M and the wiring ANO.
  • the other of the source and the drain of the transistor M is connected to one electrode of the light emitting element 120R, the light emitting element 120G, the light emitting element 120B, or the light emitting element 120W.
  • the other electrode of each of the light emitting element 120R, the light emitting element 120G, the light emitting element 120B, and the light emitting element 120W is connected to the wiring VCOM2.
  • FIG. 14 shows an example in which the transistor M has two gates sandwiching a semiconductor and these are connected. As a result, the current that can be passed by the transistor M can be increased.
  • a signal for controlling the switch SW1 to be in a conductive state or a non-conductive state can be supplied to the wiring Ga1 and the wiring Ga2.
  • a predetermined potential can be applied to the wiring VCOM1 and the wiring CSCOM.
  • a signal for controlling the alignment state of the liquid crystal included in the liquid crystal element 220R, the liquid crystal element 220G, the liquid crystal element 220B, and the liquid crystal element 220W can be supplied to the wiring Sa1 and the wiring Sa2.
  • a signal for controlling the alignment state of the liquid crystal included in the liquid crystal element 220R and the liquid crystal element 220B can be given to the wiring Sa1, and the alignment state of the liquid crystal included in the liquid crystal element 220G and the liquid crystal element 220W can be controlled in the wiring Sa2. This shows a case where a signal can be given.
  • a signal for controlling the switch SW2 to be in a conductive state or a non-conductive state can be supplied to the wiring Gb1 and the wiring Gb2.
  • the wiring VCOM2 and the wiring ANO can each be supplied with a potential that causes a potential difference between the light emitting element 120R, the light emitting element 120G, the light emitting element 120B, and the light emitting element 120W.
  • a signal for controlling the conduction state of the transistor M can be supplied to the wiring Sb1 and the wiring Sb2.
  • the pixel 12 illustrated in FIG. 14 is driven by signals given to the wiring Ga1, the wiring Ga2, the wiring Sa1, and the wiring Sa2, and the liquid crystal element 220R, the liquid crystal element 220G, and the liquid crystal Display can be performed using optical modulation by the element 220B and the liquid crystal element 220W.
  • the pixel 12b is driven by a signal given to the wiring Gb1, the wiring Gb2, the wiring Sb1, and the wiring Sb2, and the light emitting element 120R, the light emitting element 120G, the light emitting element 120B, and the light emitting element 120W are driven. Can be displayed.
  • the liquid crystal element 220R and the light emitting element 120R are display elements that exhibit red
  • the liquid crystal element 220G and the light emitting element 120G are display elements that exhibit green
  • the liquid crystal element 220B and the light emitting element 120B are blue.
  • the liquid crystal element 220W and the light emitting element 120W can be white display elements.
  • one pixel 12 includes four liquid crystal elements 220 (liquid crystal element 220R, liquid crystal element 220G, liquid crystal element 220B, and liquid crystal element 220W) and four light emitting elements 120 (light emitting element 120R, light emitting element 120G, and light emitting element 120B). , And the light emitting element 120W) are shown, but the invention is not limited to this.
  • FIG. 15A illustrates an example in which one pixel 12 includes one liquid crystal element 220 and four light-emitting elements 120 (light-emitting element 120R, light-emitting element 120G, light-emitting element 120B, and light-emitting element 120W).
  • a white display with high reflectance can be performed.
  • the wiring Ga2 and the wiring Sa2 can be omitted.
  • FIG. 15B illustrates a configuration example of the pixel 12 having the configuration illustrated in FIG.
  • the pixel 12 includes a light emitting element 120W that overlaps with an opening of the electrode 311 and a light emitting element 120R, a light emitting element 120G, and a light emitting element 120B that are arranged around the electrode 311. It is preferable that the light emitting element 120R, the light emitting element 120G, and the light emitting element 120B have substantially the same light emitting area.
  • the pixel 12 having the configuration illustrated in FIG. 14 may not include the liquid crystal element 220W and the light-emitting element 120W. Further, the pixel 12 having the configuration illustrated in FIGS. 15A and 15B may be configured without the light emitting element 120W. As described above, the area occupied by one pixel 12 can be reduced, and the resolution of an image displayed by the display device 10 can be increased.
  • the number of elements such as transistors and capacitors included in the pixel 12 can be changed as necessary or appropriate.
  • the number of wirings electrically connected to the pixels 12 can be changed as necessary or appropriate.
  • FIG. 16 is an example of a schematic perspective view of the display device 10 of one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the display device 10 has a configuration in which a substrate 351 and a substrate 361 are bonded to each other.
  • the substrate 361 is indicated by a broken line.
  • the display device 10 includes a circuit portion 364, a wiring 365, a circuit portion 366, a wiring 367, and the like in addition to the display portion 11 described in Embodiment 1.
  • the substrate 351 is provided with, for example, a circuit portion 364, a wiring 365, a circuit portion 366, a wiring 367, an electrode 311 that functions as a pixel electrode, and the like.
  • FIG. 16 illustrates an example in which an IC 373, an FPC 372, an IC 375, and an FPC 374 are mounted on the substrate 351. Therefore, the structure illustrated in FIG. 16 can also be referred to as a display module including the display device 10 and the IC 373, the FPC 372, the IC 375, and the FPC 374.
  • circuit portion 364 for example, a circuit functioning as a gate driver can be used.
  • the wiring 365 has a function of supplying a signal and power to the display portion and the circuit portion 364.
  • the signal and power are input to the wiring 365 from the outside or the IC 373 via the FPC 372.
  • FIG. 16 illustrates an example in which the IC 373 is provided on the substrate 351 by a COG (Chip On Glass) method or the like.
  • the IC 373 for example, an IC having a function as a gate driver or a source driver can be applied.
  • the display device 10 includes a circuit that functions as a gate driver and a source driver, or when a circuit that functions as a gate driver or a source driver is provided outside and a signal for driving the display device 10 is input via the FPC 372
  • the IC 373 may not be provided.
  • the IC 373 may be mounted on the FPC 372 by a COF (Chip On Film) method or the like.
  • FIG. 16 shows an enlarged view of a part of the display unit 11.
  • electrodes 311 included in a plurality of display elements are arranged in a matrix.
  • the electrode 311 has a function of reflecting visible light, and functions as a reflective electrode of the liquid crystal element 220.
  • the electrode 311 has an opening. Further, the light-emitting element 120 is provided on the substrate 351 side of the electrode 311. Light from the light emitting element 120 is emitted to the substrate 361 side through the opening of the electrode 311.
  • FIG. 17 illustrates part of the region including the FPC 372, part of the region including the circuit portion 364, part of the region including the display portion 11, and part of the region including the circuit portion 366 of the display device illustrated in FIG. , And an example of a cross section when part of a region including the FPC 374 is cut.
  • the display device illustrated in FIG. 17 has a structure in which a display panel 100 and a display panel 200 are stacked.
  • the display panel 100 includes a resin layer 101 and a resin layer 102.
  • the display panel 200 includes a resin layer 201 and a resin layer 202.
  • the resin layer 102 and the resin layer 201 are bonded by an adhesive layer 50.
  • the resin layer 101 is bonded to the substrate 351 by the adhesive layer 51.
  • the resin layer 202 is bonded to the substrate 361 by the adhesive layer 52.
  • the display panel 100 includes a resin layer 101, an insulating layer 478, a plurality of transistors, a capacitor 405, a wiring 407, an insulating layer 411, an insulating layer 412, an insulating layer 413, an insulating layer 414, an insulating layer 415, a light emitting element 120, and a spacer 416. , An adhesive layer 417, a colored layer 425, a light shielding layer 426, an insulating layer 476, and a resin layer 102.
  • the resin layer 102 has an opening in a region overlapping with the light emitting element 120.
  • the circuit portion 364 includes a transistor 401.
  • the display unit 11 includes a transistor 402 and a transistor 403.
  • Each transistor includes a gate, an insulating layer 411, a semiconductor layer, a source, and a drain.
  • the gate and the semiconductor layer overlap with each other with the insulating layer 411 interposed therebetween.
  • Part of the insulating layer 411 functions as a gate insulating layer, and the other part functions as a dielectric of the capacitor 405.
  • a conductive layer functioning as a source or a drain of the transistor 402 also serves as one electrode of the capacitor 405.
  • FIG. 17 illustrates a bottom-gate transistor.
  • the circuit portion 364 and the display portion 11 may have different transistor structures.
  • Each of the circuit portion 364 and the display portion 11 may include a plurality of types of transistors.
  • the capacitor 405 includes a pair of electrodes and a dielectric between them.
  • the capacitor 405 includes the same material as the gate of the transistor and a conductive layer formed in the same process, and the same material as the source and drain of the transistor and a conductive layer formed in the same process.
  • the insulating layer 412, the insulating layer 413, and the insulating layer 414 are each provided so as to cover the transistor and the like.
  • the number of insulating layers covering the transistors and the like is not particularly limited.
  • the insulating layer 414 functions as a planarization layer. It is preferable that at least one layer of the insulating layer 412, the insulating layer 413, and the insulating layer 414 be formed using a material that does not easily diffuse impurities such as water or hydrogen. It becomes possible to effectively suppress the diffusion of impurities from the outside into the transistor, and the reliability of the display device can be improved.
  • the insulating layer 414 In the case where an organic material is used for the insulating layer 414, impurities such as moisture may enter the light-emitting element 120 or the like from the outside of the display device through the insulating layer 414 exposed at the end portion of the display device. When the light emitting element 120 is deteriorated due to the entry of impurities, the display device is deteriorated. Therefore, as illustrated in FIG. 17, it is preferable that the insulating layer 414 not be positioned at the end portion of the display device. In the structure of FIG. 17, since the insulating layer using an organic material is not located at the end portion of the display device, entry of impurities into the light-emitting element 120 can be suppressed.
  • the light-emitting element 120 includes an electrode 421, an EL layer 422, and an electrode 423.
  • the light emitting element 120 may have an optical adjustment layer 424.
  • the light emitting element 120 has a top emission structure that emits light to the colored layer 425 side.
  • the aperture ratio of the display portion 11 can be increased.
  • One of the electrode 421 and the electrode 423 functions as an anode, and the other functions as a cathode.
  • a voltage higher than the threshold voltage of the light emitting element 120 is applied between the electrode 421 and the electrode 423, holes are injected into the EL layer 422 from the anode side and electrons are injected from the cathode side.
  • the injected electrons and holes are recombined in the EL layer 422, and the light-emitting substance contained in the EL layer 422 emits light.
  • the electrode 421 is electrically connected to the source or drain of the transistor 403. These may be directly connected or may be connected via another conductive layer.
  • the electrode 421 functions as a pixel electrode and is provided for each light emitting element 120. Two adjacent electrodes 421 are electrically insulated by an insulating layer 415.
  • the EL layer 422 is a layer containing a light-emitting substance.
  • the electrode 423 functions as a common electrode and is provided across the plurality of light emitting elements 120. A constant potential is supplied to the electrode 423.
  • the light emitting element 120 overlaps with the colored layer 425 with the adhesive layer 417 interposed therebetween.
  • the spacer 416 overlaps the light shielding layer 426 with the adhesive layer 417 interposed therebetween.
  • FIG. 17 shows a case where there is a gap between the electrode 423 and the light shielding layer 426, these may be in contact with each other.
  • FIG. 17 illustrates the structure in which the spacer 416 is provided on the substrate 471 side; however, the spacer 416 may be provided on the substrate 472 side (for example, on the substrate 471 side with respect to the light shielding layer 426).
  • the color filter colored layer 425) and the microcavity structure (optical adjustment layer 424)
  • light with high color purity can be extracted from the display device.
  • the film thickness of the optical adjustment layer 424 is changed according to the color of each pixel.
  • the colored layer 425 is a colored layer that transmits light in a specific wavelength range.
  • a color filter that transmits light in a red, green, blue, or yellow wavelength range can be used.
  • one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the color filter method, and a color separation method, a color conversion method, a quantum dot method, or the like may be applied.
  • the light shielding layer 426 is provided between the adjacent colored layers 425.
  • the light blocking layer 426 blocks light from the adjacent light emitting elements 404 and suppresses color mixing between the adjacent light emitting elements 120.
  • light leakage can be suppressed by providing the end portion of the colored layer 425 so as to overlap the light shielding layer 426.
  • As the light-blocking layer 426 a material that blocks light emitted from the light-emitting element 120 can be used. Note that it is preferable that the light-blocking layer 426 be provided in a region other than the display portion 11 such as the circuit portion 364 because unintended light leakage due to guided light or the like can be suppressed.
  • An insulating layer 478 is formed on one surface of the resin layer 101.
  • An insulating layer 476 is formed on one surface of the resin layer 102. It is preferable to use a highly moisture-proof film for the insulating layers 476 and 478.
  • the light-emitting element 120, a transistor, and the like are preferably provided between the pair of highly moisture-proof insulating layers, so that impurities such as water can be prevented from entering these elements, and the reliability of the display device is increased.
  • the highly moisture-proof insulating film examples include a film containing nitrogen and silicon such as a silicon nitride film and a silicon nitride oxide film, and a film containing nitrogen and aluminum such as an aluminum nitride film.
  • a silicon oxide film, a silicon oxynitride film, an aluminum oxide film, or the like may be used.
  • the moisture permeation amount of the highly moisture-proof insulating film is 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 [g / (m 2 ⁇ day)] or less, preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 [g / (m 2 ⁇ day)] or less, More preferably, it is 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 [g / (m 2 ⁇ day)] or less, and further preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 [g / (m 2 ⁇ day)] or less.
  • the connection unit 406 includes a wiring 365.
  • the wiring 365 can be formed using the same material and the same process as the source and drain of the transistor.
  • the connection unit 406 is electrically connected to an external input terminal that transmits an external signal or potential to the circuit unit 364.
  • an FPC 372 is provided as an external input terminal is shown.
  • the FPC 372 and the connection portion 406 are electrically connected through the connection layer 419.
  • connection layer 419 various anisotropic conductive films (ACF: Anisotropic Conductive Film), anisotropic conductive pastes (ACP: Anisotropic Conductive Paste), and the like can be used.
  • ACF Anisotropic Conductive Film
  • ACP Anisotropic Conductive Paste
  • the display panel 200 is a liquid crystal display device to which a vertical electric field method is applied.
  • the display panel 200 includes a resin layer 201, an insulating layer 578, a plurality of transistors, a capacitor 505, a wiring 367, an insulating layer 511, an insulating layer 512, an insulating layer 513, an insulating layer 514, a liquid crystal element 220, an alignment film 564a, and an alignment film. 564b, an adhesive layer 517, an insulating layer 576, and a resin layer 202 are provided.
  • the resin layer 201 and the resin layer 202 are bonded together by an adhesive layer 517.
  • a liquid crystal 563 is sealed in a region surrounded by the resin layer 201, the resin layer 202, and the adhesive layer 517.
  • a polarizing plate 599 is located on the outer surface of the substrate 572.
  • the resin layer 201 is provided with an opening overlapping the light emitting element 120.
  • the resin layer 202 is provided with an opening overlapping the liquid crystal element 220 and the light emitting element 120.
  • the liquid crystal element 220 includes an electrode 311, an electrode 562, and a liquid crystal 563.
  • the electrode 311 functions as a pixel electrode.
  • the electrode 562 functions as a common electrode.
  • the alignment of the liquid crystal 563 can be controlled by an electric field generated between the electrode 311 and the electrode 562.
  • An alignment film 564 a is provided between the liquid crystal 563 and the electrode 311.
  • An alignment film 564b is provided between the liquid crystal 563 and the electrode 562.
  • the resin layer 202 is provided with an insulating layer 576, an electrode 562, an alignment film 564b, and the like.
  • the resin layer 201 is provided with an electrode 311, an alignment film 564 a, a transistor 501, a transistor 503, a capacitor 505, a connection portion 506, a wiring 367, and the like.
  • insulating layers such as an insulating layer 511, an insulating layer 512, an insulating layer 513, and an insulating layer 514 are provided.
  • the conductive layer which is not electrically connected to the electrode 311 among the source and the drain of the transistor 503 may function as part of the signal line.
  • the conductive layer functioning as the gate of the transistor 503 may function as part of the scan line.
  • the liquid crystal element 220 is an element that performs monochrome gradation display.
  • FIG. 17 illustrates an example in which a transistor 501 is provided as an example of the circuit portion 366.
  • At least one of the insulating layer 512 and the insulating layer 513 that covers each transistor is preferably formed using a material in which impurities such as water and hydrogen hardly diffuse.
  • An electrode 311 is provided over the insulating layer 514.
  • the electrode 311 is electrically connected to one of a source and a drain of the transistor 503 through an opening formed in the insulating layer 514, the insulating layer 513, the insulating layer 512, and the like.
  • the electrode 311 is electrically connected to one electrode of the capacitor 505.
  • the display panel 200 is a reflective liquid crystal display device
  • a conductive material that reflects visible light is used for the electrode 311
  • a conductive material that transmits visible light is used for the electrode 562.
  • a conductive material that transmits visible light is used for the electrode 311.
  • a material containing one kind selected from indium (In), zinc (Zn), and tin (Sn) may be used.
  • indium oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO: Indium Tin Oxide) indium zinc oxide, indium oxide containing tungsten oxide, indium zinc oxide containing tungsten oxide, indium oxide containing titanium oxide, Indium tin oxide containing titanium oxide, indium tin oxide containing silicon oxide (ITSO), zinc oxide, zinc oxide containing gallium, and the like can be given.
  • a film containing graphene can also be used. The film containing graphene can be formed, for example, by reducing a film containing graphene oxide formed in a film shape.
  • Examples of the conductive material that reflects visible light include aluminum, silver, and alloys containing these metal materials.
  • a metal material such as gold, platinum, nickel, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper, or palladium, or an alloy containing these metal materials can be used.
  • lanthanum, neodymium, germanium, or the like may be added to the metal material or alloy.
  • a linear polarizing plate may be used as the polarizing plate 599, but a circular polarizing plate may also be used.
  • a circularly-polarizing plate what laminated
  • a desired contrast may be realized by adjusting a cell gap, an alignment, a driving voltage, or the like of the liquid crystal element used for the liquid crystal element 220 in accordance with the type of the polarizing plate 599.
  • the electrode 562 is electrically connected to a conductive layer provided on the resin layer 201 side by a connection body 543 in a portion near the end of the resin layer 202. Accordingly, a potential or a signal can be supplied to the electrode 562 from the FPC 374, IC, or the like disposed on the resin layer 201 side.
  • connection body 543 for example, conductive particles can be used.
  • conductive particles particles obtained by coating the surface of particles such as organic resin or silica with a metal material can be used. It is preferable to use nickel or gold as the metal material because the contact resistance can be reduced. In addition, it is preferable to use particles in which two or more kinds of metal materials are coated in layers, such as further coating nickel with gold.
  • a material that is elastically deformed or plastically deformed is preferably used as the connection body 543 which is conductive particles may have a shape crushed in the vertical direction as shown in FIG. By doing so, the contact area between the connection body 543 and the conductive layer electrically connected to the connection body 543 can be increased, the contact resistance can be reduced, and the occurrence of defects such as poor connection can be suppressed.
  • connection body 543 is preferably arranged so as to be covered with the adhesive layer 517.
  • the connection body 543 may be dispersed in the adhesive layer 517 before curing.
  • connection portion 506 is provided in a region near the end portion of the resin layer 201.
  • the connection portion 506 is electrically connected to the FPC 374 through the connection layer 519.
  • the structure illustrated in FIG. 17 illustrates an example in which the connection portion 506 is formed by stacking part of the wiring 367 and a conductive layer obtained by processing the same conductive film as the electrode 311.
  • a substrate having a flat surface can be used for the substrate included in the display panel.
  • a material that transmits the light is used for the substrate from which light from the display element is extracted.
  • materials such as glass, quartz, ceramic, sapphire, and organic resin can be used.
  • the display panel can be reduced in weight and thickness. Furthermore, a flexible display panel can be realized by using a flexible substrate.
  • the substrate on the side from which light emission is not extracted does not have to be translucent, a metal substrate or the like can be used in addition to the above-described substrates.
  • a metal substrate is preferable because it has high thermal conductivity and can easily conduct heat to the entire substrate, which can suppress a local temperature increase of the display panel.
  • the thickness of the metal substrate is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 400 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 20 ⁇ m or more and 50 ⁇ m or less.
  • metals such as aluminum, copper, nickel, aluminum alloys, alloys, such as stainless steel, etc. can be used conveniently.
  • a substrate that has been subjected to an insulation process by oxidizing the surface of the metal substrate or forming an insulating film on the surface may be used.
  • an insulating film may be formed by using a coating method such as a spin coating method or a dip method, an electrodeposition method, a vapor deposition method, or a sputtering method, or it may be left in an oxygen atmosphere or heated, or an anodic oxidation method.
  • a coating method such as a spin coating method or a dip method, an electrodeposition method, a vapor deposition method, or a sputtering method, or it may be left in an oxygen atmosphere or heated, or an anodic oxidation method.
  • an oxide film may be formed on the surface of the substrate.
  • Examples of the material having flexibility and transparency to visible light include, for example, glass having a thickness having flexibility, polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), and polyacrylonitrile resin. , Polyimide resin, polymethyl methacrylate resin, polycarbonate (PC) resin, polyethersulfone (PES) resin, polyamide resin, cycloolefin resin, polystyrene resin, polyamideimide resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) resin Etc.
  • a material having a low thermal expansion coefficient is preferably used.
  • a polyamideimide resin, a polyimide resin, PET, or the like having a thermal expansion coefficient of 30 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 / K or less can be suitably used.
  • a substrate in which glass fiber is impregnated with an organic resin, or a substrate in which an inorganic filler is mixed with an organic resin to reduce the thermal expansion coefficient can be used. Since a substrate using such a material is light in weight, a display panel using the substrate can be lightweight.
  • a high-strength fiber of an organic compound or an inorganic compound is used for the fibrous body.
  • the high-strength fiber specifically refers to a fiber having a high tensile modulus or Young's modulus, and representative examples include polyvinyl alcohol fiber, polyester fiber, polyamide fiber, polyethylene fiber, aramid fiber, Examples include polyparaphenylene benzobisoxazole fibers, glass fibers, and carbon fibers.
  • the glass fiber include glass fibers using E glass, S glass, D glass, Q glass, and the like.
  • a structure obtained by impregnating the fiber body with a resin and curing the resin may be used as a flexible substrate.
  • a structure made of a fibrous body and a resin is used as the flexible substrate, it is preferable because reliability against breakage due to bending or local pressing is improved.
  • glass, metal, or the like thin enough to have flexibility can be used for the substrate.
  • a composite material in which glass and a resin material are bonded to each other with an adhesive layer may be used.
  • a hard coat layer for example, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide
  • a layer of a material that can disperse the pressure for example, an aramid resin
  • an insulating film with low water permeability may be stacked over a flexible substrate.
  • an inorganic insulating material such as silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, aluminum oxide, or aluminum nitride can be used.
  • the substrate can be used by stacking a plurality of layers.
  • the barrier property against water and oxygen can be improved and a highly reliable display panel can be obtained.
  • the transistor includes a conductive layer that functions as a gate electrode, a semiconductor layer, a conductive layer that functions as a source electrode, a conductive layer that functions as a drain electrode, and an insulating layer that functions as a gate insulating layer.
  • the above shows the case where a bottom-gate transistor is applied.
  • the structure of the transistor included in the display device of one embodiment of the present invention there is no particular limitation on the structure of the transistor included in the display device of one embodiment of the present invention.
  • a planar transistor, a staggered transistor, or an inverted staggered transistor may be used.
  • a top-gate or bottom-gate transistor structure may be employed.
  • gate electrodes may be provided above and below the channel.
  • crystallinity of the semiconductor material used for the transistor there is no particular limitation on the crystallinity of the semiconductor material used for the transistor, and either an amorphous semiconductor or a semiconductor having crystallinity (a microcrystalline semiconductor, a polycrystalline semiconductor, a single crystal semiconductor, or a semiconductor partially including a crystal region) is used. May be used. It is preferable to use a crystalline semiconductor because deterioration of transistor characteristics can be suppressed.
  • a metal oxide can be used as a semiconductor material used for the transistor.
  • a metal oxide containing indium can be used.
  • a transistor using a metal oxide having a larger band gap than silicon can hold charge accumulated in a capacitor connected in series with the transistor for a long time due to its low off-state current. .
  • the driving circuit can be stopped while maintaining the gradation of each pixel. As a result, a display device with extremely reduced power consumption can be realized.
  • the semiconductor layer may be at least indium, zinc and M (gallium, aluminum, silicon, titanium, germanium, boron, yttrium, copper, vanadium, beryllium, iron, nickel, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, It is preferable to include a film represented by an In-M-Zn-based oxide containing a metal such as tungsten or magnesium. In addition, in order to reduce variation in electric characteristics of the transistor using the metal oxide, it is preferable to include a stabilizer together with them.
  • Examples of the stabilizer include the metals described in M above, and examples thereof include lanthanoids such as praseodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium.
  • lanthanoids such as praseodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium.
  • an In—Ga—Zn-based oxide means an oxide containing In, Ga, and Zn as its main components, and there is no limitation on the ratio of In, Ga, and Zn. Moreover, metal elements other than In, Ga, and Zn may be contained.
  • the semiconductor layer and the conductive layer may have the same metal element among the above oxides.
  • Manufacturing costs can be reduced by using the same metal element for the semiconductor layer and the conductive layer.
  • the manufacturing cost can be reduced by using metal oxide targets having the same metal composition.
  • an etching gas or an etching solution for processing the semiconductor layer and the conductive layer can be used in common.
  • the semiconductor layer and the conductive layer may have different compositions even if they have the same metal element. For example, a metal element in a film may be detached during a manufacturing process of a transistor and a capacitor to have a different metal composition.
  • the metal oxide constituting the semiconductor layer preferably has an energy gap of 2 eV or more, preferably 2.5 eV or more, more preferably 3 eV or more. In this manner, off-state current of a transistor can be reduced by using a metal oxide having a wide energy gap.
  • the atomic ratio of the metal element of the sputtering target used for forming the In-M-Zn oxide is In ⁇ M, Zn It is preferable to satisfy ⁇ M.
  • the atomic ratio of the semiconductor layer to be formed includes a variation of plus or minus 40% of the atomic ratio of the metal element contained in the sputtering target.
  • the bottom-gate transistor described in this embodiment is preferable because the number of manufacturing steps can be reduced.
  • a metal oxide it is possible to use a material having low heat resistance as a material of a wiring, an electrode, or a substrate below the semiconductor layer, which can be formed at a temperature lower than that of polycrystalline silicon. Can widen the choice of materials. For example, a glass substrate having a very large area can be suitably used.
  • Conductive layer In addition to the gate, source, and drain of a transistor, materials that can be used for conductive layers such as various wirings and electrodes constituting a display device include aluminum, titanium, chromium, nickel, copper, yttrium, zirconium, molybdenum, silver, A metal such as tantalum or tungsten, or an alloy containing this as a main component can be used. A film containing any of these materials can be used as a single layer or a stacked structure.
  • Two-layer structure to stack, two-layer structure to stack copper film on titanium film, two-layer structure to stack copper film on tungsten film, titanium film or titanium nitride film, and aluminum film or copper film on top of it A three-layer structure for forming a titanium film or a titanium nitride film thereon, a molybdenum film or a molybdenum nitride film, and an aluminum film or a copper film stacked thereon, and a molybdenum film or a There is a three-layer structure for forming a molybdenum nitride film.
  • an oxide such as indium oxide, tin oxide, or zinc oxide may be used. Further, it is
  • conductive oxide such as indium oxide, indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, zinc oxide, zinc oxide to which gallium is added, or graphene
  • a metal material such as gold, silver, platinum, magnesium, nickel, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper, palladium, or titanium, or an alloy material containing the metal material
  • a nitride eg, titanium nitride
  • a metal material or an alloy material (or a nitride thereof) it may be thin enough to have a light-transmitting property.
  • a stacked film of the above materials can be used as a conductive layer.
  • a laminated film of an alloy of silver and magnesium and indium tin oxide because the conductivity can be increased.
  • conductive layers such as various wirings and electrodes constituting the display device and conductive layers (conductive layers functioning as pixel electrodes and common electrodes) included in the display element.
  • Insulating material for example, polyimide, acrylic, epoxy, silicone resin, and the like, and inorganic insulating materials such as silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, and aluminum oxide are used. You can also
  • the light-emitting element is preferably provided between a pair of insulating films with low water permeability. Thereby, impurities such as water can be prevented from entering the light emitting element, and a decrease in reliability of the apparatus can be suppressed.
  • the low water-permeable insulating film examples include a film containing nitrogen and silicon such as a silicon nitride film and a silicon nitride oxide film, and a film containing nitrogen and aluminum such as an aluminum nitride film.
  • a silicon oxide film, a silicon oxynitride film, an aluminum oxide film, or the like may be used.
  • the water vapor transmission rate of an insulating film with low water permeability is 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 [g / (m 2 ⁇ day)] or less, preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 [g / (m 2 ⁇ day)] or less, More preferably, it is 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 [g / (m 2 ⁇ day)] or less, and further preferably 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 8 [g / (m 2 ⁇ day)] or less.
  • Display elements As the display element included in the pixel 12a, for example, an element that reflects and displays external light can be used. Since such an element does not have a light source, power consumption during display can be extremely reduced. As the display element included in the pixel 12a, a reflective liquid crystal element can be typically used. Alternatively, as a display element included in the pixel 12a, in addition to a shutter-type MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) element and an optical interference-type MEMS element, a microcapsule method, an electrophoresis method, an electrowetting method, an electronic powder fluid (registered trademark) ) A device or the like to which a method or the like is applied can be used.
  • a shutter-type MEMS Micro Electro Mechanical System
  • an optical interference-type MEMS element a microcapsule method, an electrophoresis method, an electrowetting method, an electronic powder fluid (registered trademark)
  • the display element included in the pixel 12b includes a light source, and an element that performs display using light from the light source can be used.
  • the light emitted from such a pixel is not affected by external light in brightness and chromaticity, and therefore has high color reproducibility (wide color gamut) and high contrast, that is, high High-quality display can be performed.
  • a self-luminous light-emitting element such as an OLED, LED, QLED, IEL, or semiconductor laser can be used as described above.
  • a combination of a backlight that is a light source and a transmissive liquid crystal element that controls the amount of light transmitted through the backlight may be used as described above.
  • liquid crystal element for example, a liquid crystal element to which a vertical alignment (VA: Vertical Alignment) mode is applied can be used.
  • VA Vertical Alignment
  • MVA Multi-Domain Vertical Alignment
  • PVA Power Planed Vertical Alignment
  • ASV Advanced Super View
  • liquid crystal elements to which various modes are applied can be used.
  • VA mode Transmission Nematic
  • IPS In-Plane-Switching
  • FFS Ringe Field Switching
  • ASM Analy Symmetrical Aligned Micro-cell
  • FLC Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal
  • AFLC Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystal
  • a liquid crystal element is an element that controls transmission or non-transmission of light by an optical modulation action of liquid crystal.
  • the optical modulation action of the liquid crystal is controlled by an electric field applied to the liquid crystal (including a horizontal electric field, a vertical electric field, or an oblique electric field).
  • a thermotropic liquid crystal a low molecular liquid crystal, a polymer liquid crystal, a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC), a ferroelectric liquid crystal, an antiferroelectric liquid crystal, or the like is used.
  • PDLC polymer dispersed liquid crystal
  • ferroelectric liquid crystal an antiferroelectric liquid crystal, or the like
  • These liquid crystal materials exhibit a cholesteric phase, a smectic phase, a cubic phase, a chiral nematic phase, an isotropic phase, and the like depending on conditions.
  • liquid crystal material either a positive type liquid crystal or a negative type liquid crystal may be used, and an optimal liquid crystal material may be used according to an applied mode or design.
  • An alignment film can be provided to control the alignment of the liquid crystal.
  • liquid crystal exhibiting a blue phase for which an alignment film is unnecessary may be used.
  • the blue phase is one of the liquid crystal phases.
  • a liquid crystal composition mixed with several percent by weight or more of a chiral agent is used for the liquid crystal layer in order to improve the temperature range.
  • a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal exhibiting a blue phase and a chiral agent has a short response speed and is optically isotropic.
  • a liquid crystal composition including a liquid crystal exhibiting a blue phase and a chiral agent does not require alignment treatment and has a small viewing angle dependency. Further, since it is not necessary to provide an alignment film, a rubbing process is not required, so that electrostatic breakdown caused by the rubbing process can be prevented, and defects or breakage of the liquid crystal display device during the manufacturing process can be reduced. .
  • a reflective liquid crystal element can be used.
  • a transmissive liquid crystal element, a transflective liquid crystal element, or the like may be used.
  • a polarizing plate is provided on the display surface side. Separately from this, it is preferable to arrange a light diffusing plate on the display surface side because the visibility can be improved.
  • Light emitting element an element capable of self-emission can be used as described above, and an element whose luminance is controlled by current or voltage is included in its category.
  • a top-emission light-emitting element is particularly preferably used as the light-emitting element.
  • a conductive film that transmits visible light is used for the electrode from which light is extracted.
  • a conductive film that reflects visible light is preferably used for the electrode from which light is not extracted.
  • the EL layer has at least a light-emitting layer.
  • the EL layer is a layer other than the light-emitting layer, such as a substance having a high hole-injecting property, a substance having a high hole-transporting property, a hole blocking material, a substance having a high electron-transporting property, a substance having a high electron-injecting property, or a bipolar
  • a layer including a substance (a substance having a high electron transporting property and a high hole transporting property) or the like may be further included.
  • Either a low molecular compound or a high molecular compound can be used for the EL layer, and an inorganic compound may be included.
  • the layers constituting the EL layer can be formed by a method such as a vapor deposition method (including a vacuum vapor deposition method), a transfer method, a printing method, an ink jet method, or a coating method.
  • the EL layer preferably includes two or more light-emitting substances.
  • white light emission can be obtained by selecting the light emitting material so that the light emission of each of the two or more light emitting materials has a complementary color relationship.
  • a light emitting material that emits light such as R (red), G (green), B (blue), Y (yellow), and O (orange), or spectral components of two or more colors of R, G, and B It is preferable that 2 or more are included among the luminescent substances which show light emission containing.
  • a light-emitting element whose emission spectrum from the light-emitting element has two or more peaks within a wavelength range of visible light (for example, 350 nm to 750 nm).
  • the emission spectrum of the material having a peak in the yellow wavelength region is preferably a material having spectral components in the green and red wavelength regions.
  • the EL layer preferably has a structure in which a light-emitting layer including a light-emitting material that emits one color and a light-emitting layer including a light-emitting material that emits another color are stacked.
  • the plurality of light emitting layers in the EL layer may be stacked in contact with each other, or may be stacked through a region not including any light emitting material.
  • a region including the same material (for example, a host material or an assist material) as the fluorescent light emitting layer or the phosphorescent light emitting layer and not including any light emitting material is provided between the fluorescent light emitting layer and the phosphorescent light emitting layer. Also good. This facilitates the production of the light emitting element and reduces the driving voltage.
  • the light-emitting element may be a single element having one EL layer or a tandem element in which a plurality of EL layers are stacked with a charge generation layer interposed therebetween.
  • the above-described light-emitting layer and a layer containing a substance having a high hole-injecting property, a substance having a high hole-transporting property, a substance having a high electron-transporting property, a substance having a high electron-injecting property, a bipolar substance may have an inorganic compound such as a quantum dot or a polymer compound (oligomer, dendrimer, polymer, etc.).
  • a quantum dot can be used for a light emitting layer to function as a light emitting material.
  • a light-emitting element using quantum dots in the light-emitting layer is called a QLED.
  • a quantum dot is a semiconductor nanocrystal having a size of several nm, and is composed of about 1 ⁇ 10 3 to 1 ⁇ 10 6 atoms. Quantum dots shift their energy depending on their size, so even if the quantum dots are made of the same material, the emission wavelength differs depending on the size, and the emission wavelength can be easily adjusted by changing the size of the quantum dots used be able to.
  • the quantum dot since the quantum dot has a narrow emission spectrum peak width, light emission with good color purity can be obtained. Furthermore, the theoretical external quantum efficiency of quantum dots is said to be almost 100%, which is much higher than 25% of organic compounds that exhibit fluorescence and is equivalent to organic compounds that exhibit phosphorescence. For this reason, a light-emitting element with high emission efficiency can be obtained by using quantum dots as a light-emitting material. In addition, since the quantum dot which is an inorganic compound is excellent in the essential stability, a preferable light-emitting element can be obtained from the viewpoint of life.
  • Materials constituting the quantum dot include periodic table group 14 element, periodic table group 15 element, periodic table group 16 element, compound composed of a plurality of periodic table group 14 elements, periodic table group 4 to periodic table.
  • Compound of group 14 element and periodic table group 16 element, periodic table group 2 element and periodic table group 16 element, periodic table group 13 element and periodic table group 15 element A compound of a periodic table group 13 element and a periodic table group 17 element, a compound of a periodic table group 14 element and a periodic table group 15 element, a periodic table group 11 element and a periodic table group 17 element
  • Examples thereof include compounds, iron oxides, titanium oxides, chalcogenide spinels, and various semiconductor clusters.
  • an alloy type quantum dot whose composition is represented by arbitrary ratios.
  • an alloy type quantum dot of cadmium, selenium, and sulfur is one of effective means for obtaining blue light emission because the emission wavelength can be changed by changing the content ratio of elements.
  • the structure of the quantum dot includes a core type, a core-shell type, a core-multishell type, and any of them may be used, but the shell is covered with another inorganic material that covers the core and has a wider band gap.
  • the shell material include zinc sulfide and zinc oxide.
  • the quantum dots have a high ratio of surface atoms, they are highly reactive and tend to aggregate. Therefore, it is preferable that a protective agent is attached to the surface of the quantum dot or a protective group is provided. Aggregation can be prevented and solubility in a solvent can be increased by attaching the protective agent or providing a protective group. It is also possible to reduce the reactivity and improve the electrical stability.
  • Examples of the protective agent include polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers such as polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene stearyl ether, polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, tripropylphosphine, tributylphosphine, trihexylphosphine, Trialkylphosphines such as octylphosphine, polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ethers such as polyoxyethylene n-octylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene n-nonylphenyl ether, tri (n-hexyl) amine, tri (n-octyl) Tertiary amines such as amine, tri (n-decyl) amine, tripropylphosphine oxide, tributylphosphine oxide, trihexylphosphine oxide, trioctylphosphine Organic phosphorus compounds such as oxyoxide, tridecylphosphin
  • the size of the quantum dot is appropriately adjusted so that light having a desired wavelength can be obtained.
  • the emission of quantum dots shifts to the blue side, that is, to the higher energy side, so changing the size of the quantum dots changes the wavelength of the spectrum in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared regions.
  • the emission wavelength can be adjusted over a region.
  • the size (diameter) of the quantum dots is usually 0.5 nm to 20 nm, preferably 1 nm to 10 nm.
  • the quantum dot has a narrower size distribution, the emission spectrum becomes narrower and light emission with good color purity can be obtained.
  • the shape of the quantum dots is not particularly limited, and may be spherical, rod-shaped, disk-shaped, or other shapes.
  • the quantum rod which is a rod-shaped quantum dot exhibits the light which has the directivity polarized in the c-axis direction, the light emitting element with more favorable external quantum efficiency can be obtained by using a quantum rod as a luminescent material. .
  • EL elements increase luminous efficiency by dispersing a light emitting material in a host material, but the host material needs to be a substance having a singlet excitation energy or triplet excitation energy higher than that of the light emitting material. is there.
  • the quantum dots can maintain the light emission efficiency even if the light emitting layer is composed of only the quantum dots without using a host material, a light emitting element that is preferable from this point of view can also be obtained.
  • the quantum dots preferably have a core-shell structure (including a core-multishell structure).
  • the conductive film that transmits visible light can be formed using, for example, indium oxide, indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, zinc oxide, zinc oxide to which gallium is added, or the like.
  • a metal material such as gold, silver, platinum, magnesium, nickel, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper, palladium, or titanium, an alloy containing these metal materials, or a nitride of these metal materials (for example, Titanium nitride) can also be used by forming it thin enough to have translucency.
  • a stacked film of the above materials can be used as a conductive layer. For example, it is preferable to use a laminated film of an alloy of silver and magnesium and indium tin oxide because the conductivity can be increased. Further, graphene or the like may be used.
  • a metal material such as aluminum, gold, platinum, silver, nickel, tungsten, chromium, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper, or palladium, or an alloy including these metal materials is used.
  • lanthanum, neodymium, germanium, or the like may be added to the metal material or alloy.
  • titanium, nickel, or neodymium and an alloy containing aluminum (aluminum alloy) may be used.
  • an alloy containing copper, palladium, or magnesium and silver may be used.
  • An alloy containing silver and copper is preferable because of its high heat resistance.
  • oxidation can be suppressed by stacking a metal film or a metal oxide film in contact with the aluminum film or the aluminum alloy film.
  • a metal film and metal oxide film include titanium and titanium oxide.
  • the conductive film that transmits visible light and a film made of a metal material may be stacked.
  • a laminated film of silver and indium tin oxide, a laminated film of an alloy of silver and magnesium and indium tin oxide, or the like can be used.
  • the electrodes may be formed using a vapor deposition method or a sputtering method, respectively. In addition, it can be formed using a discharge method such as an inkjet method, a printing method such as a screen printing method, or a plating method.
  • Adhesive layer As the adhesive layer, various curable adhesives such as an ultraviolet curable photocurable adhesive, a reactive curable adhesive, a thermosetting adhesive, and an anaerobic adhesive can be used.
  • these adhesives include epoxy resins, acrylic resins, silicone resins, phenol resins, polyimide resins, imide resins, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) resins, PVB (polyvinyl butyral) resins, EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) resins, and the like.
  • a material with low moisture permeability such as an epoxy resin is preferable.
  • a two-component mixed resin may be used.
  • an adhesive sheet or the like may be used.
  • the resin may contain a desiccant.
  • a substance that adsorbs moisture by chemical adsorption such as an alkaline earth metal oxide (such as calcium oxide or barium oxide)
  • an alkaline earth metal oxide such as calcium oxide or barium oxide
  • a substance that adsorbs moisture by physical adsorption such as zeolite or silica gel
  • the inclusion of a desiccant is preferable because impurities such as moisture can be prevented from entering the element and the reliability of the display panel is improved.
  • light extraction efficiency can be improved by mixing a filler having a high refractive index or a light scattering member with the resin.
  • a filler having a high refractive index or a light scattering member for example, titanium oxide, barium oxide, zeolite, zirconium, or the like can be used.
  • connection layer An anisotropic conductive film (ACF: Anisotropic Conductive Film), an anisotropic conductive paste (ACP: Anisotropic Conductive Paste), or the like can be used as the connection layer.
  • ACF Anisotropic Conductive Film
  • ACP Anisotropic Conductive Paste
  • Examples of materials that can be used for the colored layer include metal materials, resin materials, resin materials containing pigments or dyes, and the like.
  • the material that can be used for the light-shielding layer include carbon black, titanium black, metal, metal oxide, and composite oxide containing a solid solution of a plurality of metal oxides.
  • the light shielding layer may be a film containing a resin material or a thin film of an inorganic material such as a metal.
  • a stacked film of a film containing a material for the colored layer can be used for the light shielding layer.
  • a stacked structure of a film including a material used for a colored layer that transmits light of a certain color and a film including a material used for a colored layer that transmits light of another color can be used. It is preferable to use a common material for the coloring layer and the light-shielding layer because the apparatus can be shared and the process can be simplified.
  • FIG. 18 is different from FIG. 17 in that the structure of the transistor and the structure of the resin layer 202 are different, and that a coloring layer 565, a light shielding layer 566, and an insulating layer 567 are provided.
  • the transistor 401, the transistor 403, and the transistor 501 illustrated in FIGS. 18A and 18B each include a second gate electrode.
  • a transistor having a pair of gates is preferably used as the transistor provided in the circuit portion 364 or the circuit portion 366 and the transistor that controls current flowing in the light-emitting element 120.
  • the resin layer 202 is provided with an opening overlapping the liquid crystal element 220 and an opening overlapping the light emitting element 120 separately. Thereby, the reflectance of the liquid crystal element 220 can be improved.
  • a light-blocking layer 566 and a colored layer 565 are provided on the surface of the insulating layer 576 on the liquid crystal element 220 side.
  • the colored layer 565 is provided so as to overlap with the liquid crystal element 220.
  • the display panel 200 can perform color display.
  • the light shielding layer 566 has an opening overlapping the liquid crystal element 220 and an opening overlapping the light emitting element 120. Thereby, color mixing between adjacent pixels can be suppressed, and a display device with high color reproducibility can be realized.
  • FIG. 19 shows an example in which a top-gate transistor is applied to each transistor.
  • parasitic capacitance can be reduced, so that a display frame frequency can be increased.
  • it can be suitably used for a large display panel of 8 inches or more.
  • FIG. 20 shows an example in which a top-gate transistor having a second gate electrode is applied to each transistor.
  • Each transistor includes a conductive layer 591 in contact with the resin layer 101 or the resin layer 201.
  • An insulating layer 578 is provided so as to cover the conductive layer 591.
  • connection portion 506 of the display panel 200 a part of the resin layer 201 is opened, and a conductive layer 592 is provided so as to fill the opening.
  • the conductive layer 592 is provided such that the surface on the back surface side (display panel 100 side) is exposed.
  • the conductive layer 592 is electrically connected to the wiring 367.
  • the FPC 374 is electrically connected to the exposed surface of the conductive layer 592 through a connection layer 519.
  • the conductive layer 592 can be formed by processing the same conductive film as the conductive layer 591.
  • the conductive layer 592 functions as an electrode that can also be referred to as a back electrode.
  • Such a configuration can be realized by using a photosensitive organic resin for the resin layer 201.
  • a photosensitive organic resin for the resin layer 201 For example, when the resin layer 201 is formed over the supporting substrate, an opening is formed in the resin layer 201, and the conductive layer 592 is formed so as to fill the opening.
  • the resin layer 201 and the support substrate are peeled off, the conductive layer 592 and the support substrate are peeled off at the same time, whereby a conductive layer 592 as shown in FIG. 20 can be formed.
  • a method using a light absorption layer or a method of etching a part of the resin layer so that the back surface of the conductive layer 592 is exposed after a resin layer having a recess or a resin layer having a two-layer structure is formed is used. be able to.
  • the FPC 374 connected to the display panel 200 positioned on the display surface side can be disposed on the side opposite to the display surface. Therefore, when the display device is incorporated into an electronic device, a space for bending the FPC 374 can be omitted, and a more miniaturized electronic device can be realized.
  • the CAC-OS is one structure of a material in which an element included in an oxide semiconductor is unevenly distributed with a size of 0.5 nm to 10 nm, preferably 1 nm to 2 nm, or the vicinity thereof. Note that in the following, in an oxide semiconductor, one or more metal elements are unevenly distributed, and a region including the metal element has a size of 0.5 nm to 10 nm, preferably 1 nm to 2 nm, or the vicinity thereof.
  • the state mixed with is also referred to as a mosaic or patch.
  • the oxide semiconductor preferably contains at least indium.
  • One kind selected from the above or a plurality of kinds may be included.
  • a CAC-OS in In-Ga-Zn oxide is an indium oxide (hereinafter referred to as InO).
  • X1 (X1 is greater real than 0) and.), or indium zinc oxide (hereinafter, in X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 ( X2, Y2, and Z2 is larger real than 0) and.) and the like, Gallium oxide (hereinafter referred to as GaO X3 (X3 is a real number greater than 0)) or gallium zinc oxide (hereinafter referred to as Ga X4 Zn Y4 O Z4 (where X4, Y4, and Z4 are greater than 0)) to.) and the like, the material becomes mosaic by separate into, mosaic InO X1 or in X2 Zn Y2 O Z2, it is uniformly distributed in the film configuration ( Below, also referred to as a cloud-like.) A.
  • CAC-OS includes a region GaO X3 is the main component, and In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2, or InO X1 is the main component region is a composite oxide semiconductor having a structure that is mixed.
  • the first region indicates that the atomic ratio of In to the element M in the first region is larger than the atomic ratio of In to the element M in the second region. It is assumed that the concentration of In is higher than that in the second region.
  • IGZO is a common name and may refer to one compound of In, Ga, Zn, and O.
  • ZnO ZnO
  • the crystalline compound has a single crystal structure, a polycrystalline structure, or a CAAC structure.
  • the CAAC structure is a crystal structure in which a plurality of IGZO nanocrystals have c-axis orientation and are connected without being oriented in the ab plane.
  • CAC-OS relates to a material structure of an oxide semiconductor.
  • CAC-OS refers to a region observed in the form of nanoparticles mainly composed of Ga in a material structure including In, Ga, Zn and O, and nanoparticles mainly composed of In.
  • the region observed in a shape is a configuration in which the regions are randomly dispersed in a mosaic shape. Therefore, in the CAC-OS, the crystal structure is a secondary element.
  • the CAC-OS does not include a stacked structure of two or more kinds of films having different compositions.
  • a structure composed of two layers of a film mainly containing In and a film mainly containing Ga is not included.
  • a region GaO X3 is the main component, and In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 or InO X1 is the main component region, in some cases clear boundary can not be observed.
  • the CAC-OS includes a region that is observed in a part of a nanoparticle mainly including the metal element and a nanoparticle mainly including In.
  • the region observed in the form of particles refers to a configuration in which each region is randomly dispersed in a mosaic shape.
  • the CAC-OS can be formed by a sputtering method under a condition where the substrate is not intentionally heated, for example.
  • a CAC-OS is formed by a sputtering method
  • any one or more selected from an inert gas (typically argon), an oxygen gas, and a nitrogen gas may be used as a deposition gas.
  • the flow rate ratio of the oxygen gas to the total flow rate of the deposition gas during film formation is preferably as low as possible.
  • the flow rate ratio of the oxygen gas is 0% to less than 30%, preferably 0% to 10%. .
  • the CAC-OS has a feature that a clear peak is not observed when measurement is performed using a ⁇ / 2 ⁇ scan by an out-of-plane method, which is one of X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement methods. Have. That is, it can be seen from X-ray diffraction that no orientation in the ab plane direction and c-axis direction of the measurement region is observed.
  • XRD X-ray diffraction
  • an electron diffraction pattern obtained by irradiating an electron beam with a probe diameter of 1 nm (also referred to as a nanobeam electron beam) has a ring-like region having a high luminance and a plurality of bright regions in the ring region. A point is observed. Therefore, it can be seen from the electron beam diffraction pattern that the crystal structure of the CAC-OS has an nc (nano-crystal) structure having no orientation in the planar direction and the cross-sectional direction.
  • a region in which GaO X3 is a main component is obtained by EDX mapping obtained by using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). It can be confirmed that a region in which In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 or InO X1 is a main component is unevenly distributed and mixed.
  • EDX energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
  • the CAC-OS has a structure different from that of the IGZO compound in which the metal element is uniformly distributed, and has a property different from that of the IGZO compound. That is, in the CAC-OS, a region in which GaO X3 or the like is a main component and a region in which In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 or InO X1 is a main component are phase-separated from each other, and a region in which each element is a main component. Has a mosaic structure.
  • the region containing In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 or InO X1 as a main component is a region having higher conductivity than a region containing GaO X3 or the like as a main component. That, In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 or InO X1, is an area which is the main component, by carriers flow, expressed the conductivity of the oxide semiconductor. Accordingly, a region where In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 or InO X1 is a main component is distributed in a cloud shape in the oxide semiconductor, whereby high field-effect mobility ( ⁇ ) can be realized.
  • areas such as GaO X3 is the main component, as compared to the In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 or InO X1 is the main component area, it is highly regions insulating. That is, a region containing GaO X3 or the like as a main component is distributed in the oxide semiconductor, whereby leakage current can be suppressed and good switching operation can be realized.
  • CAC-OS when CAC-OS is used for a semiconductor element, the insulating property caused by GaO X3 and the like and the conductivity caused by In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 or InO X1 act in a complementary manner, resulting in high An on-current (I on ) and high field effect mobility ( ⁇ ) can be realized.
  • CAC-OS is optimal for various semiconductor devices including a display.
  • a display module 700 illustrated in FIG. 21 includes a touch panel 704 connected to the FPC 703, a display panel 706 connected to the FPC 705, a frame 709, a printed board 710, and a battery 711 between an upper cover 701 and a lower cover 702. .
  • the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be used for the display panel 706, for example. Thereby, a high-quality image can be displayed with low power consumption.
  • the shapes and dimensions of the upper cover 701 and the lower cover 702 can be changed as appropriate in accordance with the sizes of the touch panel 704 and the display panel 706.
  • a resistive film type or capacitive type touch panel can be used by being superimposed on the display panel 706.
  • the touch panel function can be provided to the display panel 706 without providing the touch panel 704.
  • the frame 709 has a function as an electromagnetic shield for blocking electromagnetic waves generated by the operation of the printed circuit board 710 in addition to a protective function of the display panel 706.
  • the frame 709 may have a function as a heat sink.
  • the printed circuit board 710 includes a power processing circuit, a signal processing circuit for outputting a video signal and a clock signal.
  • a power supply for supplying power to the power supply circuit an external commercial power supply may be used, or a power supply using a separately provided battery 711 may be used.
  • the battery 711 can be omitted when a commercial power source is used.
  • the display module 700 may be additionally provided with a member such as a polarizing plate, a phase difference plate, and a prism sheet.
  • FIG. 22A illustrates a tablet information terminal 800, which includes a housing 801, a display portion 802, operation buttons 803, and a speaker 804.
  • a display device to which a function as a position input device is added may be used for the display unit 802.
  • the function as the position input device can be added by providing a touch panel on the display device, for example.
  • the function as a position input device can be added by providing a photoelectric conversion element in the display portion 802.
  • the operation button 803 can include any one of a power switch for starting the information terminal 800, a button for operating an application of the information terminal 800, a volume adjustment button, a switch for turning on / off the display unit 802, and the like.
  • the number of operation buttons 803 is four, but the number and arrangement of the operation buttons included in the information terminal 800 are not limited thereto.
  • the information terminal 800 illustrated in FIG. 22A may include a microphone and a speaker.
  • the information terminal 800 can be provided with a call function such as a mobile phone.
  • the information terminal 800 illustrated in FIG. 22A may have a camera. Although not illustrated, the information terminal 800 illustrated in FIG. 22A may have a structure including a flashlight or a light-emitting device for illumination.
  • the information terminal 800 illustrated in FIG. 22A includes the sensor 13 described in Embodiment 1 inside a housing 801. Further, the infrared source 21 described in Embodiment 1 may be provided inside the housing 801. In addition, a sensor (force, displacement, position, velocity, acceleration, angular velocity, rotation speed, distance, liquid, magnetism, temperature, chemical substance, sound, time, hardness, electric field, current, voltage, power, A configuration having a function of measuring radiation, flow rate, humidity, gradient, vibration, smell, or the like) may be used. In particular, by providing a detection device having a sensor for detecting inclination, such as a gyroscope and an acceleration sensor, the orientation of the information terminal 800 shown in FIG. Thus, the screen display of the display unit 802 can be automatically switched according to the orientation of the information terminal 800.
  • a detection device having a sensor for detecting inclination such as a gyroscope and an acceleration sensor
  • the information terminal 800 illustrated in FIG. 22A may include a device that acquires biological information such as a fingerprint, a vein, an iris, or a voiceprint. By applying this configuration, an information terminal 800 having a biometric authentication function can be realized.
  • the information terminal 800 illustrated in FIG. 22A may have a microphone.
  • the information terminal 800 can be provided with a call function.
  • the information terminal 800 can be provided with a voice decoding function.
  • the information terminal 800 can have a function of operating the information terminal 800 by voice recognition, a function of reading a voice or a conversation and creating a conversation record, and the like. . Thereby, it can utilize, for example as minutes preparations, such as a meeting.
  • the display portion 802 a flexible base material may be used.
  • the display portion 802 may have a structure in which a transistor, a capacitor, a display element, and the like are provided over a flexible base material.
  • the information terminal 800 may have a structure in which the display portion 802 can be freely folded using a flexible base material as the display portion 802. Such a structure is shown in FIG.
  • the information terminal 810 is a tablet-type information terminal similar to the information terminal 800, and includes a housing 811a, a housing 811b, a display portion 812, operation buttons 813, and a speaker 814.
  • the housing 811a and the housing 811b are coupled by a hinge portion 811c, and can be folded in two by the hinge portion 811c.
  • the display portion 812 is provided in the housing 811a, the housing 811b, and the hinge portion 811c.
  • a material having a property of transmitting visible light includes polyethylene terephthalate resin (PET), polyethylene naphthalate resin (PEN), and polyether sulfone resin (PES).
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate resin
  • PEN polyethylene naphthalate resin
  • PES polyether sulfone resin
  • Polyacrylonitrile resin, acrylic resin, polyimide resin, polymethyl methacrylate resin, polycarbonate resin, polyamide resin, polycycloolefin resin, polystyrene resin, polyamideimide resin, polypropylene resin, polyester resin, polyhalogenated vinyl resin, aramid resin, epoxy Resin or the like can be used. These materials may be mixed or laminated.
  • a high-quality image can be displayed with low power consumption.
  • FIGS. 23A and 23B show an example of the information terminal 900.
  • the information terminal 900 includes a housing 901, a housing 902, a display portion 903, a display portion 904, a hinge portion 905, and the like.
  • the sensor 13 described in Embodiment 1 is included in the housing 901 and / or the housing 902.
  • the infrared source 21 described in Embodiment 1 may be provided inside the housing 901 and / or the housing 902.
  • the housing 901 and the housing 902 are connected by a hinge portion 905.
  • the information terminal 900 can open the housing 901 and the housing 902 as illustrated in FIG. 23B from the folded state as illustrated in FIG.
  • document information can be displayed on the display portion 903 and the display portion 904 and can be used as an electronic book terminal.
  • it can be used as a textbook.
  • still images and moving images can be displayed on the display portion 903 and the display portion 904.
  • the information terminal 900 can be folded when being carried, it is excellent in versatility.
  • housing 901 and the housing 902 may include a power button, an operation button, an external connection port, a speaker, a microphone, and the like.
  • a high-quality image can be displayed with low power consumption.
  • FIG. 23C illustrates an example of an information terminal.
  • An information terminal 910 illustrated in FIG. 23C includes a housing 911, a display portion 912, operation buttons 913, an external connection port 914, a speaker 915, a microphone 916, a camera 917, and the like.
  • the sensor 13 described in Embodiment 1 is provided inside the housing 911.
  • the infrared source 21 described in Embodiment 1 may be provided inside the housing 911.
  • the information terminal 910 includes a touch sensor on the display unit 912. All operations such as making a call or inputting characters can be performed by touching the display portion 912 with a finger or a stylus.
  • the operation of the operation button 913 can switch the power ON / OFF operation and the type of image displayed on the display unit 912.
  • the mail creation screen can be switched to the main menu screen.
  • the orientation (vertical or horizontal) of the information terminal 910 is determined, and the screen display orientation of the display unit 912 is automatically set. Can be switched to.
  • the screen display orientation can be switched by touching the display portion 912, operating the operation buttons 913, or inputting voice using the microphone 916.
  • the information terminal 910 has one or a plurality of functions selected from, for example, a telephone, a notebook, an information browsing device, or the like. Specifically, it can be used as a smartphone.
  • the information terminal 910 can execute various applications such as mobile phone, electronic mail, text browsing and creation, music playback, video playback, Internet communication, and games.
  • a high-quality image can be displayed with low power consumption.
  • FIG. 23D illustrates an example of a camera.
  • the camera 920 includes a housing 921, a display portion 922, operation buttons 923, a shutter button 924, and the like.
  • a removable lens 926 is attached to the camera 920.
  • the sensor 13 described in Embodiment 1 is included in the housing 921.
  • the infrared source 21 described in Embodiment 1 may be provided inside the housing 921.
  • the camera 920 is configured such that the lens 926 can be removed from the housing 921 and replaced, but the lens 926 and the housing may be integrated.
  • the camera 920 can capture a still image or a moving image by pressing the shutter button 924.
  • the display portion 922 has a function as a touch panel and can capture an image by touching the display portion 922.
  • the camera 920 can be separately attached with a strobe device, a viewfinder, and the like. Alternatively, these may be incorporated in the housing 921.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif d'affichage qui peut afficher une image de haute qualité avec une faible consommation d'énergie. L'invention porte, plus précisément, sur un dispositif d'affichage qui est doté d'une unité d'affichage ayant des premiers pixels qui comportent un élément à cristaux liquides, et des seconds pixels qui comportent un élément électroluminescent, et qui implique une étape consistant à calculer une première section, qui est la section qui est recherchée par une personne à l'aide du dispositif d'affichage, et une étape consistant à déterminer si la première section est ou non comprise dans l'unité d'affichage. Dans les cas où la première section est comprise dans l'unité d'affichage, l'image affichée dans la première section est affichée à l'aide des seconds pixels, pendant que l'image affichée dans les autres sections est affichée à l'aide des premiers pixels. De plus, dans les cas où la première section comprend un texte, la ligne ou la colonne à laquelle appartient le texte compris dans la première section, est calculée, le texte écrit dans la ligne ou la colonne à laquelle appartient le texte compris dans la première section, est affiché à l'aide des seconds pixels, et le texte écrit dans les autres lignes ou colonnes est affiché à l'aide des premiers pixels.
PCT/IB2017/054187 2016-07-22 2017-07-12 Procédé d'affichage, dispositif d'affichage, dispositif électronique, support d'enregistrement non transitoire et programme WO2018015840A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2016-144265 2016-07-22
JP2016144265 2016-07-22
JP2016144263 2016-07-22
JP2016-144263 2016-07-22

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018015840A1 true WO2018015840A1 (fr) 2018-01-25

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000132152A (ja) * 1998-10-27 2000-05-12 Sharp Corp 表示装置
JP2003344928A (ja) * 2002-05-23 2003-12-03 Canon Inc 情報表示装置
JP2009237210A (ja) * 2008-03-27 2009-10-15 Sharp Corp 液晶表示装置
JP2013502616A (ja) * 2009-08-20 2013-01-24 アマゾン テクノロジーズ インコーポレイテッド 異種ディスプレイデバイスを含む融合されたディスプレイ
JP2016038585A (ja) * 2014-08-08 2016-03-22 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 表示パネル、情報処理装置、プログラム

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2000132152A (ja) * 1998-10-27 2000-05-12 Sharp Corp 表示装置
JP2003344928A (ja) * 2002-05-23 2003-12-03 Canon Inc 情報表示装置
JP2009237210A (ja) * 2008-03-27 2009-10-15 Sharp Corp 液晶表示装置
JP2013502616A (ja) * 2009-08-20 2013-01-24 アマゾン テクノロジーズ インコーポレイテッド 異種ディスプレイデバイスを含む融合されたディスプレイ
JP2016038585A (ja) * 2014-08-08 2016-03-22 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 表示パネル、情報処理装置、プログラム

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