WO2011067911A1 - 液晶表示装置 - Google Patents
液晶表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011067911A1 WO2011067911A1 PCT/JP2010/006937 JP2010006937W WO2011067911A1 WO 2011067911 A1 WO2011067911 A1 WO 2011067911A1 JP 2010006937 W JP2010006937 W JP 2010006937W WO 2011067911 A1 WO2011067911 A1 WO 2011067911A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
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- light
- liquid crystal
- crystal display
- backlight unit
- display device
- Prior art date
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/02—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements
- G02B5/0205—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties
- G02B5/021—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place at the element's surface, e.g. by means of surface roughening or microprismatic structures
- G02B5/0231—Diffusing elements; Afocal elements characterised by the diffusing properties the diffusion taking place at the element's surface, e.g. by means of surface roughening or microprismatic structures the surface having microprismatic or micropyramidal shape
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B3/00—Simple or compound lenses
- G02B3/0006—Arrays
- G02B3/0037—Arrays characterized by the distribution or form of lenses
- G02B3/0056—Arrays characterized by the distribution or form of lenses arranged along two different directions in a plane, e.g. honeycomb arrangement of lenses
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0075—Arrangements of multiple light guides
- G02B6/0076—Stacked arrangements of multiple light guides of the same or different cross-sectional area
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/1323—Arrangements for providing a switchable viewing angle
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/3406—Control of illumination source
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/0035—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it
- G02B6/0036—2-D arrangement of prisms, protrusions, indentations or roughened surfaces
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
- G02B6/0053—Prismatic sheet or layer; Brightness enhancement element, sheet or layer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/133626—Illuminating devices providing two modes of illumination, e.g. day-night
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2358/00—Arrangements for display data security
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device, and particularly to a liquid crystal display device having a viewing angle control function.
- a transmissive or transflective liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display panel having a liquid crystal layer and a light source unit (backlight) that emits light toward the back of the liquid crystal display panel.
- a liquid crystal display device having a viewing angle control function of changing a viewing angle according to display contents and conditions by controlling a light distribution of emitted light from a backlight.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a liquid crystal display device having a viewing angle control mechanism disposed between a backlight and a liquid crystal display panel.
- the viewing angle control mechanism of this liquid crystal display device has a transparent state that transmits almost all of the light emitted from the backlight and an opaque diffusion state that diffuses the light emitted from the backlight (white turbid state) according to the supply voltage from the power supply unit. ).
- the viewing angle control mechanism When a voltage is supplied from the power supply unit, the viewing angle control mechanism is in a transparent state and the viewing angle is narrowed.
- no voltage is supplied from the power supply unit, the viewing angle control mechanism is in an opaque diffusion state and the viewing angle is reduced. With a wide viewing angle.
- the viewing angle control mechanism described in Patent Document 1 requires an active optical element having a complicated configuration in order to switch from one of the transparent state and the opaque diffusion state to the other depending on the supply voltage. Further, such an active optical element has a low transmittance and causes a reduction in light utilization efficiency. Therefore, when such an active optical element is used, there is a problem that the configuration of the liquid crystal display device becomes complicated, the power consumption is high, and the manufacturing cost is high.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device capable of realizing viewing angle control with low power consumption and a simple configuration.
- the liquid crystal display device has a back surface and a display surface opposite to the back surface, modulates light incident from the back surface, generates image light, and displays the image light as the display
- a liquid crystal display panel that emits light from a surface; a first backlight unit that emits light to the back surface of the liquid crystal display panel; and a second backlight unit that emits light toward the back surface of the first backlight unit;
- a first light source drive control unit that controls a light emission amount of the first backlight unit; and a second light source drive control unit that controls a light emission amount of the second backlight unit. Transmits the first light source controlled by the first light source drive controller and the light emitted by the second backlight unit and is emitted from the first light source.
- the liquid crystal display is configured by converting light into light having a narrow-angle light distribution in which light having a predetermined intensity or more is localized within a first angle range centered on a normal direction of the display surface of the liquid crystal display panel.
- the first optical member radiating toward the panel and the light radiated by the second backlight unit are transmitted, and the first optical member is radiated to the side opposite to the liquid crystal display panel side.
- the light emitted from the second light source is converted into light having a wide-angle light distribution in which light having a predetermined intensity or more is localized in a second angle range wider than the first angle range.
- Radiation toward the back of one backlight unit A second optical member, wherein the first optical member and the first optical sheet transmit the light emitted from the second optical member without narrowing the wide-angle light distribution.
- a liquid crystal display device has a back surface and a display surface opposite to the back surface, modulates light incident from the back surface, generates image light, and displays the image light as the display
- a liquid crystal display panel that emits light from a surface; a first backlight unit that emits light to the back surface of the liquid crystal display panel; and a second backlight unit that emits light toward the back surface of the first backlight unit;
- a first light source drive control unit that controls a light emission amount of the first backlight unit; and a second light source drive control unit that controls a light emission amount of the second backlight unit. Transmits the first light source controlled by the first light source drive controller and the light emitted by the second backlight unit and is emitted from the first light source.
- the liquid crystal is converted into light having a first light distribution in which light of a predetermined intensity or more is localized within a first angle range centered on a normal direction of the display surface of the liquid crystal display panel.
- the converted light into light having a second light distribution in which light of a predetermined intensity or more is localized within a second angle range centered on the normal direction of the display surface of the liquid crystal display panel.
- a second optical member that radiates toward the back surface of the first backlight unit, and the first optical member emits the light emitted from the second optical member to the display of the liquid crystal display panel.
- a third angle centered on a direction inclined by a predetermined angle from the normal direction of the surface Wherein the radiating toward the third liquid crystal display panel is converted into light having the light distribution of a predetermined intensity or more light is localized in ⁇
- (A), (b) is a figure which shows schematically an example of the optical structure of the downward prism sheet of the 1st backlight unit which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. It is a graph which shows the calculation result by simulation of the light distribution of the illumination light radiated
- (A), (b) is a figure which shows schematically the optical effect
- (A), (b) is a figure which shows schematically an example of the optical structure of the upward prism sheet in the 1st backlight unit which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 1 is a figure which shows schematically the optical effect
- FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the optical action of the fine optical element of the upward prism sheet when the arrangement direction of the fine optical element of the upward prism sheet is matched with the arrangement direction of the fine optical element of the downward prism sheet.
- FIG. It is a graph which shows the actual measurement result of the light distribution of the illumination light radiated
- (A), (b), (c) is a figure which illustrates roughly three types of light distribution of illumination light.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram schematically illustrating a configuration in which a part of the configuration of the liquid crystal display device in FIG. 15 is viewed from the Y-axis direction. It is a figure which shows typically the structure of the liquid crystal display device (transmission type liquid crystal display device) of Embodiment 3 which concerns on this invention.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram schematically illustrating a configuration in which a part of the configuration of the liquid crystal display device in FIG. 17 is viewed from the Y-axis direction.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing a calculation result by simulation of a light distribution of illumination light emitted from a second backlight unit according to Embodiment 3.
- 14 is a graph showing a calculation result by simulation of light distribution after illumination light transmitted from the second backlight unit according to Embodiment 3 is transmitted through a downward prism sheet.
- (A), (b), (c) is a figure which illustrates roughly three types of light distribution of illumination light.
- (A), (b), (c) is a figure which shows typically an example of three types of viewing angle control. It is a figure which shows typically the structure of the liquid crystal display device (transmission type liquid crystal display device) which is a modification of Embodiment 3 which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which shows typically the structure which looked at a part of structure of the liquid crystal display device of FIG. 23 from the Y-axis direction.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of a liquid crystal display device (transmission type liquid crystal display device) 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration in which a part of the configuration of the liquid crystal display device 100 of FIG. 1 is viewed from the Y-axis direction.
- the liquid crystal display device 100 includes a transmissive liquid crystal display panel 10, an optical sheet 9, a first backlight unit 1, a second backlight unit 2, and a light reflecting sheet 8.
- the components 10, 9, 1, 2, 8 are arranged along the Z axis.
- the liquid crystal display panel 10 has a display surface 10a parallel to an XY plane including an X axis and a Y axis perpendicular to the Z axis.
- the X axis and the Y axis are orthogonal to each other.
- the liquid crystal display device 100 further includes a panel driving unit 102 that drives the liquid crystal display panel 10, a light source driving unit 103 A that drives the light sources 3 A and 3 B included in the first backlight unit 1, and the second backlight unit 2.
- a light source driving unit 103B for driving the included light sources 6A and 6B. The operations of the panel driving unit 102 and the light source driving units 103A and 103B are controlled by the control unit 101.
- the control unit 101 performs image processing on a video signal supplied from a signal source (not shown) to generate control signals, and supplies these control signals to the panel driving unit 102 and the light source driving units 103A and 103B.
- the light source driving units 103A and 103B drive the light sources 3A, 3B, 6A, and 6B in accordance with control signals from the control unit 101, and emit light from these light sources 3A, 3B, 6A, and 6B, respectively.
- the first backlight unit 1 determines the light emitted from the light sources 3A and 3B within a relatively narrow angle range centered on the normal direction of the display surface 10a of the liquid crystal display panel 10, that is, the Z-axis direction. It is converted into illumination light 11 having a distribution in which light of an intensity or higher is localized and emitted toward the back surface 10 b of the liquid crystal display panel 10. The illumination light 11 is applied to the back surface 10 b of the liquid crystal display panel 10 through the optical sheet 9.
- the optical sheet 9 suppresses optical influences such as fine illumination unevenness.
- the second backlight unit 2 has a wide-angle light distribution (the distribution in which light having a predetermined intensity or more is localized within a relatively wide angle range centering on the Z-axis direction) for the light emitted from the light sources 6A and 6B.
- the illumination light 12 is converted and emitted toward the back surface 10 b of the liquid crystal display panel 10.
- the illumination light 12 passes through the first backlight unit 1 and the optical sheet 9 and is irradiated on the back surface 10 b of the liquid crystal display panel 10.
- a light reflecting sheet 8 is disposed immediately below the second backlight unit 2. Of the light emitted from the first backlight unit 1 to the back side thereof, the light transmitted through the second backlight unit 2 and the light emitted from the second backlight unit 2 to the back side thereof are light reflecting sheets. 8 is used as illumination light that is reflected at 8 and irradiates the back surface 10 b of the liquid crystal display panel 10.
- the light reflecting sheet 8 for example, a light reflecting sheet having a resin such as polyethylene terephthalate as a base material or a light reflecting sheet in which a metal is deposited on the surface of the substrate can be used.
- the liquid crystal display panel 10 has a liquid crystal layer 10c extending along an XY plane orthogonal to the Z-axis direction.
- the display surface 10a of the liquid crystal display panel 10 has a rectangular shape, and the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction shown in FIG. 1 are directions along two mutually orthogonal sides of the display surface 10a.
- the panel drive unit 102 changes the light transmittance of the liquid crystal layer 10c in units of pixels in accordance with the control signal supplied from the control unit 101.
- the liquid crystal display panel 10 spatially modulates the illumination light incident from one or both of the first backlight unit 1 and the second backlight unit 2 to generate image light, and this image light is displayed on the display surface. 10a can be emitted.
- the illumination light 11 having a narrow-angle light distribution is emitted from the first backlight unit 1, so that the viewing angle of the liquid crystal display device 100 is
- the illumination light 12 having a wide-angle light distribution is emitted from the second backlight unit 2, so that the viewing angle of the liquid crystal display device 100 is a wide viewing angle. It becomes.
- the control unit 101 individually controls the light source driving units 103 ⁇ / b> A and 103 ⁇ / b> B, and the intensity of the illumination light 11 emitted from the first backlight unit 1 and the illumination light 12 emitted from the second backlight unit 2. The ratio with the intensity can be adjusted.
- the first backlight unit 1 includes light sources 3A and 3B, a light guide plate 4 arranged in parallel to the display surface 10a of the liquid crystal display panel 10, and an optical sheet 5D (hereinafter referred to as a downward direction). And an optical sheet 5V (hereinafter referred to as an upward prism sheet 5V).
- an optical sheet 5V hereinafter referred to as an upward prism sheet 5V.
- the light guide plate 4 is a plate-like member formed of a transparent optical material such as acrylic resin (PMMA), and its back surface 4a (the surface opposite to the liquid crystal display panel 10 side) is different from the liquid crystal display panel 10 side. .., 40 projecting to the opposite side have a structure regularly arranged along a plane parallel to the display surface 10a.
- the shape of the micro optical element 40 is a part of a spherical shape, and its surface has a certain curvature.
- the upward prism sheet 5 ⁇ / b> V has an optical structure that transmits the illumination light 12 having a wide-angle light distribution distributed by the second backlight unit 2, and further reflects the light emitted from the back surface 4 a of the light guide plate 4.
- the optical structure is returned to the direction of the light guide plate 4.
- the light radiated from the back surface 4a of the light guide plate 4 is reflected by the upward prism sheet 5V, changes its traveling direction to the direction of the liquid crystal display panel 10, and passes through the light guide plate 4 and the downward prism sheet 5D, thereby narrowing the angle. Used as illumination light with a light distribution.
- the light sources 3A and 3B are arranged to face both end faces (incident end faces) 4c and 4d in the Y-axis direction of the light guide plate 4, respectively.
- a plurality of laser light emitting elements are arranged in the X-axis direction.
- Light emitted from these light sources 3A and 3B is incident on the light guide plate 4 from the incident end faces 4c and 4d of the light guide plate 4, and propagates through the light guide plate 4 while being totally reflected. At that time, part of the propagation light is reflected by the micro optical element 40 on the back surface 4a of the light guide plate 4, and is emitted from the front surface (light exit surface) 4b of the light guide plate 4 as illumination light 11a.
- the micro optical element 40 converts light propagating inside the light guide plate 4 into light having a light distribution distribution centered on a direction inclined by a predetermined angle from the Z-axis direction and radiates it from the front surface 4b.
- the light 11a radiated from the light guide plate 4 is incident on the inside of the micro optical element 50 of the downward prism sheet 5D, is totally internally reflected by the inclined surface of the micro optical element 50, and then is transmitted from the front surface (light exit surface) 5b. It is emitted as illumination light 11.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B are diagrams schematically showing an example of the optical structure of the light guide plate 4.
- FIG. 3A is a perspective view schematically showing an example of the structure of the back surface 4a of the light guide plate 4.
- FIG. 3B is a view from the X-axis direction of the light guide plate 4 shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows a part of structure seen.
- convex spherical micro optical elements 40 are two-dimensionally arranged along the XY plane on the back surface 4a of the light guide plate 4.
- FIG. 3A convex spherical micro optical elements 40 are two-dimensionally arranged along the XY plane on the back surface 4a of the light guide plate 4.
- the micro optical element 40 for example, a micro optical element having a surface curvature of about 0.15 mm, a maximum height Hmax of about 0.005 mm, and a refractive index of about 1.49 can be employed.
- the center distance Lp between the micro optical elements 40 and 40 can be set to 0.077 mm.
- the material of the light-guide plate 4 can be made from an acrylic resin, it is not limited to this material. As long as the material has good light transmittance and excellent moldability, other resin materials such as polycarbonate resin or glass material may be used instead of acrylic resin.
- the light emitted from the light sources 3A and 3B is incident on the inside of the light guide plate 4 from the side end surfaces 4c and 4d of the light guide plate 4.
- the incident light propagates through the inside of the light guide plate 4 and is totally reflected by the difference in refractive index between the micro optical element 40 of the light guide plate 4 and the air layer, and travels from the front surface 4 b of the light guide plate 4 toward the liquid crystal display panel 10.
- Radiated. 3A and 3B are arranged almost regularly on the back surface 4a of the light guide plate 4, but are emitted from the front surface 4b of the light guide plate 4.
- the density of the fine optical elements 40 that is, the number per unit area is increased as the distance from the end faces 4c and 4d increases, and the density of the fine optical elements 40 is increased on the end faces 4c and 4d.
- the fine optical elements 40,..., 40 may be formed so as to be denser as they are closer to the center of the light guide plate 4, and gradually become sparser as they move away from the center.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing a calculation result by simulation of the light distribution (angular luminance distribution) of the radiated light 11a emitted from the front surface 4b of the light guide plate 4.
- the horizontal axis represents the radiation angle of the emitted light 11a
- the vertical axis represents the luminance.
- the light distribution of the emitted light 11a has a distribution width (full width at half maximum: FWHM) of about 30 degrees around an axis inclined about ⁇ 75 degrees from the Z-axis direction.
- the light distribution of the radiated light 11a is about an angle range of about +60 degrees to +90 degrees around an axis inclined about +75 degrees from the Z-axis direction and about an axis inclined about -75 degrees from the Z-axis direction.
- This is a distribution in which light having an intensity greater than the full width at half maximum is localized in an angular range of ⁇ 60 degrees to ⁇ 90 degrees.
- the light emitted from the light source 3B on the right side of FIG. 1 is internally reflected by the micro optical element 40 to form radiated light mainly in an angle range of ⁇ 60 degrees to ⁇ 90 degrees.
- the light emitted from the light source 3A is internally reflected by the fine optical element 40 to form radiated light mainly in an angular range of +60 degrees to +90 degrees.
- the shape of the micro optical element 40 is changed to a prism shape instead of the convex spherical shape, the emitted light having such a light distribution can be generated.
- the radiation light 11a incident on the inside of the micro optical element 50 of the downward prism sheet 5D is totally reflected by the inner surface of the micro optical element 50.
- the light that has undergone total reflection on the inner surface of the micro optical element 50 is localized in a narrow angle range centered on the Z-axis direction, and forms illumination light 11 having a narrow-angle light distribution.
- FIGS. 5A and 5B are diagrams schematically showing an example of the optical structure of the downward prism sheet 5D.
- FIG. 5A is a perspective view schematically showing an example of the structure of the back surface 5a of the downward prism sheet 5D
- FIG. 5B is the X axis of the downward prism sheet 5D shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows schematically a part of structure seen from the direction.
- the back surface 5a of the downward prism sheet 5D (that is, the surface facing the light guide plate 4) is arranged in the Y-axis direction along a surface in which the plurality of micro optical elements 50 are parallel to the display surface 10a.
- Each micro optical element 50 forms a triangular prism-shaped convex portion, the apex angle portion of the micro optical element 50 protrudes on the opposite side to the liquid crystal display panel 10 side, and the ridge line forming the apex angle portion is in the X-axis direction It extends to.
- the interval between the micro optical elements 50 and 50 is constant.
- Each micro optical element 50 has two inclined surfaces 50a and 50b inclined from the Z-axis direction to the + Y-axis direction and the -Y-axis direction, respectively.
- the incident light is bent so as to approach the normal direction (Z-axis direction) of the liquid crystal display panel 10 by total internal reflection at one of the inclined surfaces 50a and 50b forming the triangular prism of the micro optical element 50.
- the illumination light 11 has a light distribution with a high center luminance and a narrow distribution width.
- the apex angle formed by the inclined surfaces 50a and 50b is 68 degrees and the height Tmax. Is a fine optical element having a refractive index of 1.49.
- the micro optical elements 50,..., 50 can be arranged so that the center interval Wp in the Y-axis direction is 0.03 mm.
- the material of the downward prism sheet 5D can be PMMA, but is not limited to this material. Other resin materials such as polycarbonate resin or glass material may be used as long as the material has good light transmittance and excellent moldability.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing a calculation result by simulation of the light distribution of the illumination light 11 emitted from the front surface 5b of the downward prism sheet 5D.
- the horizontal axis represents the radiation angle of the illumination light 11
- the vertical axis represents the luminance. Note that the light distribution shown in FIG. 6 does not include light emitted from the second backlight unit 2 and transmitted through the first backlight unit 1.
- the light distribution of the illumination light 11 has a distribution width (full width at half maximum: FWHM) having a radiation angle of about 30 degrees with the Z-axis direction as the center.
- the light distribution of the illumination light 11 is a narrow-angle light distribution in which light having an intensity greater than or equal to the full width at half maximum is localized within an angular range of ⁇ 15 degrees to +15 degrees with the Z-axis direction as the center.
- the narrow-angle light distribution shown in FIG. 6 is based on the premise that the emitted light 11a from the light guide plate 4 has the light distribution shown in FIG. 4 is based on the premise that (1) the light sources 3A and 3B having a Lambertian angular intensity distribution are used, and (2) the radiated light 11a from the light guide plate 4 is a micro-optical element of the downward prism sheet 5D.
- FIG. 7A and 7B are diagrams schematically showing the optical action of the micro optical element 50.
- the micro optical element 50 has a light beam IL (mainly reflected by the micro optical element 40 of the light guide plate 4 to be internally reflected) incident on the inclined surface 50a at a predetermined angle or more with respect to the Z-axis direction.
- the radiated light 11a) is totally reflected by the inclined surface 50b.
- the outgoing angle of the outgoing light beam OL becomes smaller than the incident angle of the incoming light beam IL.
- FIG. 7 (a) the micro optical element 50 has a light beam IL (mainly reflected by the micro optical element 40 of the light guide plate 4 to be internally reflected) incident on the inclined surface 50a at a predetermined angle or more with respect to the Z-axis direction.
- the radiated light 11a) is totally reflected by the inclined surface 50b.
- the outgoing angle of the outgoing light beam OL becomes smaller than the incident angle of the incoming light beam IL.
- the micro optical element 50 has a light beam IL (mainly a light guide in the second backlight unit 2) incident on the inclined surface 50a at a angle less than a predetermined angle with respect to the Z-axis direction.
- the illumination light 12) radiated from the front surface 7b of the light plate 7 and transmitted through the light guide plate 4 is refracted and radiated in an angle direction greatly inclined from the Z-axis direction.
- the outgoing angle of the outgoing light beam OL becomes larger than the incident angle of the incident light beam IL.
- the downward prism sheet 5D has a light distribution distribution when light of a light distribution distribution in which light of a predetermined intensity or more is localized within a relatively wide angle range centering on the Z-axis direction from the back surface 5a. Can be emitted from the front surface 5b with almost no narrowing. Therefore, even if the illumination light 12 emitted from the front surface 7b of the light guide plate 7 passes through the upward prism sheet 5V, the light guide plate 4, and the downward prism sheet 5D, it is not narrowed.
- FIG. 8A and 8B are diagrams schematically showing an example of the optical structure of the upward prism sheet 5V.
- FIG. 8A is a perspective view schematically showing an example of the structure of the surface 5c of the upward prism sheet 5V
- FIG. 8B is the Y axis of the upward prism sheet 5V shown in FIG. 8A. It is a figure which shows schematically a part of structure seen from the direction.
- the surface 5c of the upward prism sheet 5V (surface facing the light guide plate 4) is along a surface in which the plurality of micro optical elements 51,... 51 are parallel to the display surface 10a.
- Each micro optical element 51 forms a triangular prism-shaped convex portion, the apex angle portion of the micro optical element 51 protrudes toward the liquid crystal display panel 10, and the ridge line forming the apex portion extends in the Y-axis direction. ing.
- the interval between the micro optical elements 51 and 51 is constant.
- Each micro optical element 51 has two inclined surfaces 51a and 51b inclined from the Z-axis direction to the + X-axis direction and the -X-axis direction, respectively.
- the arrangement direction (X-axis direction) of the fine optical elements 51,... 51 of the upward prism sheet 5V is substantially orthogonal to the arrangement direction (Y-axis direction) of the fine optical elements 50,. .
- the apex angle formed by the inclined surfaces 51a and 51b (vertical angle of a right isosceles triangle shape in the cross section of FIG. 8B) is used. It is possible to employ a fine structure element having 90 degrees, a maximum height Dmax of 0.015 mm, and a refractive index of 1.49. Further, the micro optical elements 51,..., 51 can be arranged so that the center interval Gp in the X-axis direction is 0.03 mm.
- the material of the prism sheet can be PMMA, but is not limited to this material. Other resin materials such as polycarbonate resin or glass material may be used as long as the material has good light transmittance and excellent moldability.
- the upward prism sheet 5V causes the light (return light) incident on the micro optical elements 51,... 51 from the light guide plate 4 to be totally reflected by the back surface 5e, thereby changing the traveling direction of the return light to the direction of the liquid crystal display panel 10. Can be changed.
- the return light from the light guide plate 4 includes light emitted in the direction opposite to the liquid crystal display panel 10 side without satisfying the total reflection condition on the back surface 4a of the light guide plate 4, or the liquid crystal display panel from the downward prism sheet 5D.
- emitted on the opposite side to 10 side is mentioned. Since the upward prism sheet 5V can use such return light as illumination light of the first backlight unit 1 again, the light use efficiency can be improved.
- FIGS. 9A and 9B are diagrams schematically showing the optical action of the fine optical element 51 of the upward prism sheet 5V.
- the arrangement direction (X-axis direction) of the micro optical elements 51,..., 51 of the present embodiment is substantially the same as the arrangement direction (Y-axis direction) of the micro optical elements 50,. Orthogonal.
- FIG. 9A is a diagram schematically showing a partial cross section parallel to the XZ plane of the upward prism sheet 5V having the micro optical elements 51, 51, 51, and
- FIG. 6A is a partial cross-sectional view of the upward prism sheet 5V taken along line IXb-IXb.
- FIG. 10A schematically shows a partial cross section of the upward prism sheet 5V parallel to the YZ plane
- FIG. 10B shows the Xb ⁇ of the upward prism sheet 5V in FIG. 10A. It is a fragmentary sectional view along line Xb.
- FIGS. 9A, 9B and 10A, 10B show the behavior of light when the return light RL enters from the light guide plate 4 into the micro optical element 51.
- FIG. 9A, 9B and 10A, 10B show the behavior of light when the return light RL enters from the light guide plate 4 into the micro optical element 51.
- each micro optical element 51 has a pair of inclined surfaces 51a and 51b having an inclination angle symmetrical with respect to the Z-axis direction in the XZ plane.
- the light beam as the return light RL enters the inclined surface 51a of the micro optical element 51 at various incident angles. Then, as shown in FIG. 9A, the light incident along the Z-axis direction is refracted by the inclined surface 51a in the ⁇ X-axis direction.
- the return light RL also enters the inclined surface 51b of the micro optical element 51, and is refracted in the + X-axis direction by the inclined surface 51b.
- the incident angle of the refracted light traveling in the upward prism sheet 5V to the back surface 5e is large, and refracted light that satisfies the total reflection condition tends to be generated at the interface (back surface 5e) between the upward prism sheet 5V and the air layer.
- the incident angle of the refracted light on the back surface 5e tends to be greater than the critical angle.
- the light OL totally reflected by the back surface 5e is emitted in the direction of the liquid crystal display panel 10 as shown in FIGS.
- the upward prism sheet 5V has an optical structure in which pairs of inclined surfaces 51a and 51b of the micro optical element 50 are continuously arranged along the X-axis direction.
- the structure of the upward prism sheet 5V is symmetric with respect to the Z-axis direction in the YZ plane. Therefore, when the refracted light traveling in the upward prism sheet 5V is totally reflected on the inner surface by the back surface 5e, the return light RL to the upward prism sheet 5V is reflected in both the XZ plane and the YZ plane.
- the light is emitted from the upward prism sheet 5V toward the liquid crystal display panel 10 at an angle substantially equal to the incident angle (incident angle with respect to the Z-axis direction). Further, as shown in FIG. 9B, the light having a small incident angle (incident angle with respect to the Z-axis direction) to the upward prism sheet 5V in the return light RL is not totally reflected on the inner surface by the back surface 5e. Relatively large light is totally reflected on the inner surface by the back surface 5e, and thereby converted into outgoing light OL. Accordingly, a part of the distribution direction of the return light RL is changed to the direction of the liquid crystal display panel 10 while a part of the light distribution of the return light RL is preserved.
- the emitted light OL is transmitted through the light guide plate 4 so that the inner surface is totally reflected by the fine optical element 50 of the downward prism sheet 5D and converted into the illumination light 11 having a narrow angle light distribution.
- Distribution for example, as shown in FIG. 4, with an angle range of about +60 degrees to +90 degrees centered on an axis inclined about +75 degrees from the Z-axis direction, and an axis tilted about -75 degrees from the Z-axis direction.
- the light is converted into light having a distribution in which light having an intensity greater than the full width at half maximum is localized in an angular range of about ⁇ 60 degrees to ⁇ 90 degrees.
- the light emitted from the upward prism sheet 5V in the direction of the liquid crystal display panel 10 in this way passes through the light guide plate 4 and enters the downward prism sheet 5D, whereby the light distribution has a high central luminance and a narrow distribution width.
- the illumination light 11 having a distribution is converted to illuminate the back surface 10 b of the liquid crystal display panel 10.
- the ratio of the light amount of the illumination light 11 having a narrow-angle light distribution radiated from the first backlight unit 1 to the light amount radiated from the light sources 3A and 3B constituting the first backlight unit 1 (this , Defined as the light use efficiency of the first backlight unit 1). Therefore, the amount of light source required to ensure the predetermined luminance on the display surface 10a can be reduced compared to the conventional case, and the power consumption of the liquid crystal display device 100 can be suppressed.
- the traveling direction of the light in the fine optical element 51 is , Changes complicated by refraction and reflection.
- the light that does not satisfy the total reflection condition on the back surface 5e of the upward prism sheet 5V increases, and is emitted from the back surface 5e of the upward prism sheet 5V to the side opposite to the liquid crystal display panel 10. More light. Accordingly, the amount of light that is totally reflected by the upward prism sheet 5V and is emitted toward the liquid crystal display panel 10 is reduced. Therefore, from the viewpoint of obtaining a high power consumption reduction effect, the arrangement direction of the micro optical elements 51,..., 51 of the upward prism sheet 5V is substantially orthogonal to the arrangement direction of the micro optical elements 50,. It is preferable.
- the liquid crystal display device 100 has a configuration in which a first backlight unit 1 and a second backlight unit 2 are stacked.
- the first backlight unit 1 includes a second backlight unit 2 and a liquid crystal. It is provided between the display panel 10. Since the first backlight unit 1 needs to transmit the illumination light 12 having a wide-angle light distribution distributed from the second backlight unit 2, the first backlight unit 1 transmits the return light RL to the liquid crystal display panel.
- a light reflecting sheet having a low light transmittance and a high reflectance like the light reflecting sheet 8.
- the first backlight unit 1 does not use this type of light reflecting sheet and has an upward prism sheet 5V having a very high light transmittance, and therefore is emitted from the light sources 6A and 6B constituting the second backlight unit.
- the ratio of the amount of light having a wide-angle light distribution radiated from the display surface 10a of the liquid crystal display device 100 to the amount of light (this is defined as the light use efficiency of the second backlight unit 2) is not reduced. , Increase in power consumption can be suppressed.
- the light reflecting sheet 8 reflects the return light propagated from the first backlight unit 1 and the second backlight unit 2 in the direction of the liquid crystal display panel 10 to be reused as illumination light.
- the light incident on the surface of the light reflection sheet 8 is light having a wide-angle light distribution distributed by the diffuse reflection structure 70 of the second backlight unit 2, and the liquid crystal display panel on the surface of the light reflection sheet 8.
- the light reflected in the direction 10 is diffused when reflected by the surface of the light reflecting sheet 8 or when transmitted through the diffuse reflection structure 70. Therefore, in the light incident on the first backlight unit 1 from the back side, the ratio of light having an angle required to be converted into the illumination light 11 having a narrow-angle light distribution is reduced.
- the upward prism sheet 5V is necessary for the incident light to the downward prism sheet 5D to be totally reflected on the inner surface by the fine optical element 50 and converted to the illumination light 11 having a narrow-angle light distribution. It is possible to emit light having a light distribution. Therefore, by using the upward prism sheet 5V, the return light RL incident from the light guide plate 4 is efficiently converted into light having a narrow-angle light distribution around the normal direction of the display surface 10a of the liquid crystal display panel 10. By converting, the light use efficiency of the first backlight unit 1 can be improved.
- FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 are graphs showing the results of experimental measurement of the angular luminance distribution (light distribution) of light emitted from backlight units having different structures.
- the horizontal axis represents the radiation angle of the emitted light
- the vertical axis represents the normalized luminance.
- FIG. 11 shows the light distribution of light emitted in the direction of the liquid crystal display panel 10 from the example (first example) of the first backlight unit 1 of the present embodiment, and the micro optical elements 51,.
- the backlight unit of the second embodiment is configured by changing the arrangement of the upward prism sheet 5V so that the arrangement direction of 51 is parallel to the arrangement direction of the micro optical elements 50,... 50 of the downward prism sheet 5D.
- the distribution of light emitted from the backlight unit toward the liquid crystal display panel 10 is shown. Further, in FIG. 12, a light reflecting sheet having the same structure as the light reflecting sheet 8 is arranged in place of the upward prism sheet 5V in the first backlight unit 1 of the present embodiment, and the backlight unit of the first comparative example is arranged. The light distribution distribution of the light emitted from the backlight unit in the direction of the liquid crystal display panel 10 and the light absorbing sheet instead of the upward prism sheet 5V in the first backlight unit 1 of the present embodiment.
- the backlight unit of the second comparative example is configured by arranging the above, the distribution of light emitted from the backlight unit toward the liquid crystal display panel 10 is shown.
- the amount of radiated light is larger than in the case of the second embodiment, and the light use efficiency for generating illumination light with a narrow-angle light distribution is high.
- the light distribution of the radiated light in the first and second embodiments it is within an angle range of 30 degrees centered on 0 degree (an angular range of ⁇ 15 degrees to +15 degrees). (Inside) the brightness is sufficiently localized.
- the light distribution of the radiated light of the first comparative example has a luminance of about 0.4 or more in a range of less than ⁇ 30 degrees and a range of more than +30 degrees. Therefore, the light distribution is not narrow.
- the maximum peak luminance of the light distribution of the emitted light of the second comparative example is only about 0.5.
- the second backlight unit 2 is substantially parallel to the light sources 6A and 6B configured similarly to the light sources 3A and 3B of the first backlight unit 1 and the back surface 4a of the light guide plate 4 and And a light guide plate 7 disposed to face the back surface 4a.
- the light guide plate 7 is a plate-like member formed of a transparent optical material such as PMMA, and has a diffuse reflection structure 70 on the back surface 7a.
- the light sources 6A and 6B are disposed opposite to both end faces (incident end faces) 7c and 7d of the light guide plate 7 in the Y-axis direction.
- the light emitted from the light sources 6 ⁇ / b> A and 6 ⁇ / b> B enters the light guide plate 7 from the incident end faces 7 c and 7 d of the light guide plate 7.
- the incident light propagates while being totally reflected inside the light guide plate 7, and a part of the propagated light is diffusely reflected by the diffuse reflection structure 70 on the back surface 7 a and is emitted from the front surface 7 b of the light guide plate 7 as illumination light 12.
- the diffuse reflection structure 70 can be configured, for example, by applying a diffuse reflection material to the back surface 7a. Since the diffuse reflection structure 70 diffuses the propagation light over a wide angular range, the illumination light 12 emitted from the second backlight unit 2 is emitted toward the liquid crystal display panel 10 as illumination light having a wide-angle light distribution. .
- the liquid crystal display device 100 having the above configuration can not only make the light distribution of illumination light to the back surface 10b of the liquid crystal display panel 10 a narrow-angle light distribution or a wide-angle light distribution, but also a narrow-angle light distribution.
- the light distribution can be intermediate between the light distribution and the wide-angle light distribution.
- FIGS. 13A, 13 ⁇ / b> B, and 13 ⁇ / b> C are diagrams schematically illustrating three types of light distributions of illumination light.
- the back surface 10b of the liquid crystal display panel 10 is narrow as shown in FIG. Illuminated with illumination light having an angular light distribution D3.
- an observer can visually recognize a bright image from the front direction of the liquid crystal display device 100, but when viewing the display surface 10a from an oblique direction, the observer will visually recognize a dark image.
- the liquid crystal display device 100 does not emit light in an unnecessary direction other than the observation direction, the light emission amounts of the light sources 3A and 3B can be reduced, and the power consumption can be reduced.
- the back surface of the liquid crystal display panel 10 is as shown in FIG. Illuminated with illumination light 12 having a wide-angle light distribution D4. Therefore, the observer can visually recognize a bright image from a wide angle direction. In order to ensure sufficient brightness in all angular directions, the light sources 6A and 6B require a large amount of light emission, and power consumption increases.
- the control unit 101 determines the light emission amounts of the light sources 3A and 3B of the first backlight unit 1 and the light sources 6A and 6B of the second backlight unit 2 according to the observation direction. Control the amount of light emitted. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 13C, the control unit 101 generates the illumination light 12 of the first backlight unit 1 and the illumination light 11 of the second backlight unit 2 to distribute the light distribution of the illumination light 12. By superimposing D3a and the light distribution D4a of the illumination light 11, an intermediate light distribution D5 is formed. As a result, an optimal light distribution D5 corresponding to the observation direction is obtained.
- the total light emission amount of the light sources 3A, 3B, 6A, and 6B as compared with the case of emitting illumination light with a wide-angle light distribution D4 so that a bright image can be viewed from a wide observation direction (FIG. 13B). Therefore, a large power consumption reduction effect can be obtained.
- FIGS. 14A to 14C are diagrams schematically showing examples of three types of viewing angle control.
- the viewing angle control is performed based on the relationship with the position of the observer.
- the control unit 101 sets the light emission amount of the first backlight unit 1 to the second backlight unit 2.
- the narrow angle light distribution D5aa is set.
- Generate arrow viewing angle display mode
- the control unit 101 responds to the spread by the second backlight unit with respect to the light emission amount of the first backlight unit 1.
- the light distribution D3ab by the first backlight unit 1 and the light distribution D4ab by the second backlight unit 2 are overlapped to generate a wide-angle light distribution D5ab. (First wide viewing angle display mode).
- the control unit 101 emits light of the second backlight unit 2 with respect to the light emission amount of the first backlight unit 1 according to the spread.
- the wide-angle light distribution D5ac can be generated by superimposing the light distribution D3ac by the first backlight unit 1 and the light distribution D4ac by the second backlight unit 2. (Second wide viewing angle display mode).
- the control unit 101 sets the ratio of the light emission amount of the second backlight unit 2 to the light emission amount of the first backlight unit 1 in accordance with the spread as the position of the observer spreads left and right. Therefore, fine viewing angle control can be performed. Further, a higher power consumption reduction effect can be obtained.
- the control unit 101 controls the light emission amount of the light sources 3A, 3B, 6A, and 6B to control the liquid crystal display panel 10.
- the brightness (luminance) in the front direction of the liquid crystal display panel 10 can be controlled to always maintain a constant value L.
- the light sources 3A, 3B, 6A, and 6B are light sources of the same light emission method.
- the reason is that when the viewing angle is changed by changing the ratio of the light emission amount of the first backlight unit 1 and the light emission amount of the second backlight unit 2, the light emission characteristics (light emission spectrum) of the light sources 3A, 3B, 6A, 6B. This is because it is possible to avoid the possibility that the difference in the light emission color causes a change in emission color.
- the same light source of the light emission method in the first backlight unit 1 and the second backlight unit 2 such a possibility can be avoided and good image quality can be maintained when the viewing angle is changed.
- a light source of the same light emission method for example, a light emitter having the same structure, a light emitter having the same light emission characteristics such as a light emission wavelength region, a light emitter module having the same combination of a plurality of light emitters having different light emission characteristics, or A light emitter driven by the same driving method can be given.
- the liquid crystal display device 100 having the viewing angle variable function as described above, when the observer's line-of-sight direction is greatly inclined from the normal direction of the screen, for example, an observer standing at a position facing the center of the screen of a large liquid crystal display device.
- the peripheral portion of the screen is viewed without taking a sufficient distance from the liquid crystal display device, there is a possibility that sufficient luminance cannot be obtained when the narrow viewing angle display is performed, and it is difficult to recognize the image.
- the light traveling direction at the periphery of the screen such as an optical sheet having a Fresnel structure on the surface, is directed to the center of the screen.
- the micro optical element 40 has a convex spherical shape, but is not limited thereto. If the fine optical element 50 of the downward-facing prism sheet 5D has a structure that emits radiant light 11a that causes total internal reflection to generate illumination light 11 with a narrow-angle light distribution, a structure that replaces the fine optical element 40 is adopted. May be.
- the liquid crystal display device 100 according to Embodiment 1 does not use a complicated and expensive active optical element as described in Patent Document 1, and the amount of light emitted from the first backlight unit 1 and the first light emission amount.
- the viewing angle can be controlled by adjusting the ratio of the amount of light emitted from the two backlight units 2. Therefore, the liquid crystal display device 100 can minimize the amount of light emitted from the display surface 10a in an unnecessary direction, thereby realizing a viewing angle control function effective for reducing power consumption.
- the configuration of the liquid crystal display device 100 according to the first embodiment has a simple and inexpensive configuration, and is an effective configuration from a small size to a large size regardless of the screen size. Further, since the liquid crystal display device 100 can accurately and easily control the light emission amount and the light emission direction of the first backlight unit 1 and the second backlight unit 2, it is optimally finely controlled without causing a color change of the display image. The viewing angle can be changed.
- the illumination light 11 having a narrow-angle light distribution can be generated by using the light guide plate 4 and the downward prism sheet 5D of the first backlight unit 1 without using an active optical element.
- the fine optical element 50 formed on the back surface 5a of the downward-facing prism sheet 5D causes the radiated light 11a incident from the front surface 4b of the light guide plate 4 to be totally reflected by the inclined surfaces 50a and 50b, thereby narrow-angle distribution.
- Illumination light 11 having a light distribution can be generated.
- the first backlight unit 1 since the first backlight unit 1 has the upward prism sheet 5V, the radiated light from the second backlight unit 2 is lost also in the backlight laminated liquid crystal display device 100 as in the present embodiment. Therefore, the light use efficiency of the first backlight unit 1 can be improved.
- the return light RL radiated from the light guide plate 4 of the first backlight unit 1 in the back direction is refracted by the micro optical element 51 of the upward prism sheet 5V and then the direction of the liquid crystal display panel 10 on the back surface 5e.
- the illumination light 11 of the first backlight unit 1 can be obtained.
- the illumination light 12 emitted from the second backlight unit 2 is not narrowed in the light distribution by the inclined surfaces 50a and 50b of the micro optical element 50 protruding to the back side, and the liquid crystal display panel 10
- the back of the can be illuminated.
- a planar light source that emits illumination light having a wide-angle light distribution and an optical structure that condenses the illumination light and converts it into illumination light with a narrow-angle light distribution (for example, its In this configuration, the light emitted from the planar light source is converted into light with a narrow-angle light distribution. Therefore, the light distribution of the wide-angle light distribution radiated from the second backlight unit 2 is also narrowed.
- the micro optical element 50 of the present embodiment does not collect the illumination light 12 from the second backlight unit 2 and does not narrow the wide-angle light distribution. For this reason, the structure of this embodiment can perform fine viewing angle control even when applied to a liquid crystal display device formed by laminating two or more layers of backlight units.
- the light sources 3A and 3B are provided on the side of the light guide plate 4, and the light sources 6A and 6B are provided on the side of the light guide plate 7, so that two or more layers are provided.
- a liquid crystal display device is configured by stacking a plurality of backlight units, a thin configuration with a small thickness in the Z-axis direction can be realized. Therefore, a thin liquid crystal display device having a viewing angle control function can be realized.
- control unit 101 controls the light emission amounts of the plurality of first backlight units 1 and second backlight units 2 while maintaining the luminance in the front direction of the display surface 10a at a predetermined instruction value L. Since the control is performed individually, it is possible to obtain an optimal distribution of illumination light according to the observation direction without bringing about unnecessary brightness. Furthermore, power consumption can be significantly reduced by minimizing light emitted in unnecessary directions.
- the light emission amounts of the light sources 3A, 3B, 6A, and 6B can be freely controlled.
- the light sources 3A, 3B, 6A, and 6B be solid light sources that can easily control the amount of emitted light, such as laser light sources or light emitting diodes. Thereby, more optimal viewing angle control can be performed.
- the illumination light 11 radiated from the first backlight unit 1 in order for the illumination light 11 radiated from the first backlight unit 1 to have a narrow-angle light distribution, as described above, the illumination light 11a radiated from the light guide plate 4 is in the screen normal direction (Z-axis). It is necessary to have a light distribution that is localized in an angle range greatly inclined from (direction). When the directivity of light propagating through the light guide plate 4 is higher, the emission angle of light emitted from the light guide plate 4 can be easily controlled, and the light distribution is narrowed (with a predetermined intensity in a specific angle range). This is preferable because the above light can be localized. Therefore, it is preferable to use a laser light source with high directivity as the light sources 3A and 3B. As a result, fine and optimal viewing angle control can be realized, and a greater power consumption reduction effect can be obtained.
- the first backlight unit 1 includes light sources 3a and 3b facing both end surfaces of the light guide plate 4 in the Y-axis direction as light incident surfaces, but is limited to this configuration. It is not a thing.
- the first backlight unit 1 may be configured to have only one end face of both end faces of the light guide plate 4 as a light incident face and have only a light source facing the end face. In this case, it is preferable to make the in-plane luminance distribution of the light emitted from the light guide plate 4 uniform by appropriately changing the arrangement interval and specifications of the micro optical elements 40 provided on the back surface 4 a of the light guide plate 4.
- the second backlight unit 2 may also be configured to have only one end face of both end faces of the light guide plate 7 as a light incident face and have only a light source facing the end face.
- FIG. FIG. 15 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of a liquid crystal display device (transmission type liquid crystal display device) 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration in which a part of the configuration of the liquid crystal display device 200 of FIG. 15 is viewed from the Y-axis direction.
- the constituent elements denoted by the same reference numerals as those of the constituent elements of FIG. 1 have the same functions, and the detailed description thereof is omitted.
- the liquid crystal display device 200 includes a transmissive liquid crystal display panel 10, an optical sheet 9, a first backlight unit 16, and a second backlight unit 17. 10, 9, 16, and 17 are arranged along the Z-axis.
- the liquid crystal display panel 10 has a display surface 10a parallel to an XY plane including the X axis and the Y axis perpendicular to the Z axis. The X axis and the Y axis are orthogonal to each other.
- the liquid crystal display device 200 is further included in the panel drive unit 202 that drives the liquid crystal display panel 10, the light source drive unit 203 ⁇ / b> A that drives the light source 3 ⁇ / b> C included in the first backlight unit 16, and the second backlight unit 17. And a light source driving unit 203B for driving the light sources 19,.
- the operations of the panel driving unit 202 and the light source driving units 203A and 203B are controlled by the control unit 201.
- the control unit 201 performs image processing on a video signal (not shown) supplied from a signal source (not shown) to generate a control signal, and outputs the control signal to the panel driving unit 202 and the light source driving units 203A and 203B.
- the light source driving units 203 ⁇ / b> A and 203 ⁇ / b> B drive the light source 3 ⁇ / b> C and the light source 19 in accordance with a control signal from the control unit 201, respectively, and emit light from the light source 3 ⁇ / b> C and the light source 19.
- the first backlight unit 16 emits light emitted from the light source 3C with a narrow angle light distribution (with a predetermined intensity or more within a relatively narrow angle range centered on the normal direction of the display surface 10a of the liquid crystal display panel 10, that is, the Z-axis direction). And is emitted toward the back surface of the liquid crystal display panel 10.
- the illumination light 13 is applied to the back surface of the liquid crystal display panel 10 through the optical sheet 9.
- the second backlight unit 17 distributes the light emitted from the light sources 19,..., 19 to a wide-angle light distribution (a distribution in which light having a predetermined intensity or more is localized within a relatively wide angle range centering on the Z-axis direction). Is converted into the illumination light 14 having the above and emitted toward the first backlight unit 16.
- the illumination light 14 passes through the first backlight unit 16 and is irradiated on the back surface of the liquid crystal display panel 10 through the optical sheet 9.
- the first backlight unit 16 includes a light source 3C, a light guide plate 4R arranged in parallel to the display surface 10a of the liquid crystal display panel 10, a downward prism sheet 5D, And an upward prism sheet 5V.
- the configuration of the first backlight unit 16 is obtained by replacing the light guide plate 4 of the first backlight unit 1 of Embodiment 1 with the light guide plate 4R.
- the light guide plate 4R is composed of a plate-like member made of a transparent optical material such as acrylic resin (PMMA).
- the back surface 4e of the light guide plate 4R (surface opposite to the liquid crystal display panel 10 side) has a structure in which the micro optical elements 40R,..., 40R are arranged along a surface parallel to the display surface 10a.
- the shape of each micro optical element 40R is a part of a spherical shape, and its surface has a certain curvature.
- the light source 3C is disposed to face one end face (incident end face) 4g in the Y-axis direction of the light guide plate 4R, and is configured, for example, by arranging a plurality of light emitting diode elements in the X-axis direction.
- the light emitted from the light source 3C enters the light guide plate 4R from the incident end face 4g of the light guide plate 4R, and propagates while being totally reflected inside the light guide plate 4R. At that time, part of the propagation light is reflected by the micro optical element 40R on the back surface 4e of the light guide plate 4R, and is emitted from the front surface 4f of the light guide plate 4R as illumination light 13a.
- the micro optical element 40R converts light propagating through the light guide plate 4R into light having a light distribution distribution centered on a direction inclined by a predetermined angle from the Z-axis direction and radiates it from the front surface 4f.
- the light 13a radiated from the light guide plate 4R enters the downward prism sheet 5D, is totally reflected on the inner surface by the micro optical element 50 shown in FIGS. Radiated.
- the shape of the micro optical element 40R can be the same as that of the micro optical element 40 of the first embodiment.
- the material of the light guide plate 4R having these micro optical elements 40R,..., 40R can be the same as the material of the light guide plate 4 of the first embodiment. Therefore, as an example of the micro optical element 40R, for example, a micro optical element having a surface curvature of about 0.15 mm, a maximum height of about 0.005 mm, and a refractive index of about 1.49 can be adopted. .
- the center distance between the micro optical elements 40R and 40R is set to be smaller as the distance from the incident end face 4g on which the light emitted from the light source 3C is incident is larger, and to be larger as the distance from the incident end face 4g is smaller.
- the light emitted from the light source 3C enters the light guide plate 4R from the side incident end face 4g of the light guide plate 4R.
- the incident light propagates inside the light guide plate 4R, and is totally reflected by the refractive index difference between the micro optical element 40R of the light guide plate 4R and the air layer, and is directed from the front surface 4f of the light guide plate 4R toward the liquid crystal display panel 10. Radiated.
- the fine optical element 40R becomes sparser as it is closer to the incident end face 4g closer to the light source 3C (that is, the number per unit area of the fine optical element 40R, that is, the density is smaller as it is closer to the incident end face 4g). It is formed so as to become denser as it goes away (that is, the density of the fine optical element 40R becomes larger as it goes away from the incident end face 4g). The reason is to make the in-plane luminance distribution of the emitted light 13a uniform. Since the light intensity increases as it is closer to the incident end face 4g, the density of the fine optical element 40R is reduced to reduce the proportion of the light totally reflected on the inner surface by the fine optical element 40R in the propagating light.
- the intensity becomes weak the density of the micro optical element 40R can be increased, and the proportion of the light totally reflected by the micro optical element 40R in the propagating light can be increased. Thereby, the in-plane luminance distribution of the radiated light 13a can be made uniform.
- the upward prism sheet 5V causes light (return light) incident on the inside of the micro optical elements 51,... 51 from the light guide plate 4R to be totally reflected by the back surface 5e, thereby changing the traveling direction of the return light of the liquid crystal display panel 10. Can be changed in direction.
- the light totally reflected by the back surface 5e in this way is emitted in the direction of the liquid crystal display panel 10 and is transmitted through the light guide plate 4R.
- the light is converted into light having a light distribution required for conversion to illumination light 13 having a light distribution.
- the ratio of the light amount of the illumination light 13 having a narrow-angle light distribution radiated from the first backlight unit 16 to the light amount radiated from the light source 3C constituting the first backlight unit 16 (the 1) the light use efficiency of the backlight unit 16). Therefore, the amount of light source required for securing the predetermined luminance on the display surface 10a can be reduced as compared with the conventional case, and the power consumption of the liquid crystal display device 200 can be suppressed.
- the second backlight unit 17 includes a housing 21 and light sources 19,..., 19 such as light emitting diodes disposed in the housing 21. These light sources 19,..., 19 are regularly arranged along the XY plane so as to be located immediately below the liquid crystal display panel 10. Both the inner surface of the side wall and the inner surface of the bottom plate portion of the housing 21 are diffuse reflection surfaces.
- a diffusion transmission plate 22 that diffuses and transmits light emitted from the light sources 19,... 19 is provided on the front surface (surface on the liquid crystal display panel 10 side) of the housing 21.
- the diffuse transmission plate 22 is made of a material having a high degree of diffusion in order to ensure in-plane uniformity of the illumination light 14.
- the 2nd backlight unit 17 is comprised as a light source direct type
- the second backlight unit 17 is effective as a backlight unit that emits illumination light 14 having a wide-angle light distribution and requires a large amount of light emission. For example, even when the liquid crystal display device 200 has a large screen, sufficient brightness can be ensured by using the second backlight unit 17 directly under the light source.
- the light source of the second backlight unit 17 has high light emission controllability similar to that of the laser light source, and since it is surface emission, it is easy to make the light distribution of the illumination light 14 uniform. It is desirable to use a light emitting diode. Thereby, the structure of the 2nd backlight unit 17 becomes simple, and the further cost reduction is realizable.
- the light source 3C of the first backlight unit 16 and the light sources 19,..., 19 of the second backlight unit 17 are the same light source.
- the reason is that when the viewing angle is changed by changing the ratio of the light emission amount of the first backlight unit 16 and the light emission amount of the second backlight unit 17, the difference in the light emission characteristics (light emission spectrum, etc.) of the light sources 3C, 19 is obtained. This is because it is possible to avoid the possibility of causing a luminescent color change.
- the liquid crystal display device 200 having the function of changing the viewing angle as described above, when the observer's line-of-sight direction is greatly inclined from the normal direction of the screen, for example, an observer standing at a position facing the center of the screen of a large liquid crystal display device.
- the peripheral portion of the screen is viewed without taking a sufficient distance from the liquid crystal display device, there is a possibility that sufficient luminance cannot be obtained when the narrow viewing angle display is performed, and it is difficult to recognize the image.
- the light traveling direction of the screen peripheral part such as an optical sheet having a Fresnel structure on the surface, is directed to the central part of the screen.
- the liquid crystal display device 200 according to the second embodiment is similar to the liquid crystal display device 100 according to the first embodiment, without using complicated and expensive active optical elements. Viewing angle control can be performed by adjusting the ratio between the light emission amount and the light emission amount of the second backlight unit 17. Since the liquid crystal display device 200 minimizes the amount of light emitted from the display surface 10a in an unnecessary direction, a viewing angle control function effective for reducing power consumption can be realized.
- the structure of the liquid crystal display device 200 according to the second embodiment has a simple and inexpensive configuration, and is an effective configuration from a small size to a large size regardless of the screen size.
- the first backlight unit 16 has the upward prism sheet 5V.
- the return light radiated from the light guide plate 4R in the back direction in the first backlight unit 16 is totally reflected on the back surface 5e due to the presence of the fine optical structure 51 of the upward prism sheet 5V, and has a narrow-angle light distribution. Illumination light 13 is obtained.
- the return light can be used as the radiated light of the first backlight unit 16. Therefore, also in the backlight laminated liquid crystal display device as in the second embodiment, the light utilization efficiency of the first backlight unit 16 is improved without losing the radiated light 14 from the second backlight unit 17. be able to.
- the liquid crystal display device 200 since the second backlight unit 17 that emits the illumination light 14 having a wide-angle light distribution is configured as a backlight directly under the light source, the liquid crystal display device 200 having a viewing angle control function is provided. Large screen and low power consumption can be realized at low cost.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of a liquid crystal display device (transmission type liquid crystal display device) 300 according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration in which a part of the configuration of the liquid crystal display device 300 of FIG. 17 is viewed from the Y-axis direction.
- the configuration of the liquid crystal display device 300 of the third embodiment is substantially the same as the configuration of the liquid crystal display device 200 of the second embodiment, except that the configuration of the second backlight unit is different.
- a configuration unique to the third embodiment will be described in detail.
- the components denoted by the same reference numerals as those of FIGS. 1, 2, 15, and 16 have the same functions, and detailed description thereof is omitted. To do.
- the liquid crystal display device 300 includes a transmissive liquid crystal display panel 10, an optical sheet 9, a first backlight unit 16, and a second backlight unit 18, and these components. 10, 9, 16, and 18 are arranged along the Z-axis.
- the liquid crystal display panel 10 has a display surface 10a parallel to the XY plane including the X and Y axes perpendicular to the Z axis, as in the first and second embodiments.
- the X axis and the Y axis are orthogonal to each other.
- the liquid crystal display device 300 is further included in the panel drive unit 302 that drives the liquid crystal display panel 10, the light source drive unit 303 ⁇ / b> A that drives the light source 3 ⁇ / b> C included in the first backlight unit 16, and the second backlight unit 18. And a light source driving unit 303B for driving the light sources 60,.
- the operations of the panel driving unit 302 and the light source driving units 303A and 303B are controlled by the control unit 301.
- the control unit 301 performs image processing on a video signal (not shown) supplied from a signal source (not shown) to generate a control signal, and the control signal is generated by the panel driving unit 302 and the light source driving units 303A and 303B. To supply.
- the light source driving units 303A and 303B drive the light source 3C and the light source 60 in accordance with a control signal from the control unit 301, respectively, and emit light from the light source 3C and the light source 60.
- the first backlight unit 16 emits light emitted from the light source 3C with a narrow angle light distribution (with a predetermined intensity or more within a relatively narrow angle range centered on the normal direction of the display surface 10a of the liquid crystal display panel 10, that is, the Z-axis direction). And is emitted toward the back surface of the liquid crystal display panel 10.
- the illumination light 13 is applied to the back surface of the liquid crystal display panel 10 through the optical sheet 9.
- the second backlight unit 18 has a relatively narrow-angle distribution of light emitted from the light sources 60, ..., 60 (light having a predetermined intensity or more is localized within a relatively narrow angle range centered on the Z-axis direction).
- Illuminating light 15 having a distribution is emitted toward the back surface of the first backlight unit 16.
- the illumination light 15 is transmitted through the first backlight unit 16 so that the illumination light 15 has a distribution in which light having a predetermined intensity or more is localized within a relatively narrow angle range centered on an angle greatly inclined from the Z-axis direction. 15a, and the back surface of the liquid crystal display panel 10 is irradiated through the optical sheet 9.
- the first backlight unit 16 includes a light source 3C and a light guide arranged in parallel to the display surface 10a of the liquid crystal display panel 10 as in the second embodiment. It includes an optical plate 4R, a downward prism sheet 5D, and an upward prism sheet 5V.
- the light guide plate 4R is composed of a plate-like member made of a transparent optical material such as acrylic resin (PMMA).
- PMMA acrylic resin
- the back surface 4e of the light guide plate 4R (surface opposite to the liquid crystal display panel 10 side) has a structure in which the micro optical elements 40R,..., 40R are arranged along a surface parallel to the display surface 10a.
- the shape of each micro optical element 40R is a part of a spherical shape, and its surface has a certain curvature.
- the upward prism sheet 5V causes light (return light) incident on the inside of the micro optical elements 51,... 51 from the light guide plate 4R to be totally reflected by the back surface 5e, thereby changing the traveling direction of the return light of the liquid crystal display panel 10. Can be changed in direction.
- the light totally reflected by the back surface 5e in this way is emitted in the direction of the liquid crystal display panel 10 and is transmitted through the light guide plate 4R.
- the light is converted into light having a light distribution required for conversion to illumination light 13 having a light distribution. Accordingly, the ratio of the light amount of the illumination light 13 having a narrow-angle light distribution emitted from the first backlight unit 16 to the light amount emitted from the light source 3C constituting the first backlight unit 16 (that is, the first The light use efficiency of the backlight unit 16 can be improved. Therefore, the amount of light source required for securing the predetermined luminance on the display surface 10a can be reduced as compared with the conventional case, and the power consumption of the liquid crystal display device 300 can be suppressed.
- the second backlight unit 18 includes a housing 61 and light sources 60,..., 60 such as light emitting diodes disposed in the housing 61. These light sources 60,..., 60 are regularly arranged along the XY plane so as to be located immediately below the liquid crystal display panel 10.
- the light source 60 emits light having a narrow light distribution.
- an LED light source that emits light having a Lambertian angular intensity distribution may be employed.
- a lens 60 ⁇ / b> L is provided on the emission end face of the light source 60. Thereby, light with a narrow angular intensity distribution can be generated.
- the light source 60 and the lens 60L of the third embodiment are configured so that light having a substantially Gaussian light distribution with a full width at half maximum (a spread angle at 50% of the peak intensity) of about 48 degrees is defined as the optical axis direction of the light source 60.
- the liquid crystal display panel 10 emits light so that the normal directions thereof are parallel to each other.
- Both the inner surface of the side wall and the inner surface of the bottom plate portion of the housing 61 are specular reflection surfaces.
- the diffuse transmission plate 62 is provided to ensure in-plane uniformity of the illumination light 15.
- the diffusing and transmitting plate 62 a plate having a low diffusivity is employed so that the light distribution of the illumination light 15 emitted from the second backlight unit 18 is not excessively widened.
- the second backlight unit 18 is configured as a backlight directly under the light source.
- the narrow-angle light distribution illumination light 15 emitted from the second backlight unit 18 passes through the upward prism sheet 5V, the light guide plate 4R, and the downward prism sheet 5D included in the first backlight unit 16 in this order.
- the fine optical element 50 of the downward prism sheet 5D has a light beam IL incident on the inclined surface 50a at a predetermined angle or more with respect to the normal direction (Z-axis direction) at the inclined surface 50b.
- the light is totally reflected from the inner surface and radiated in the Z-axis direction or a direction with a small inclination angle from the Z-axis direction.
- FIG. 7A the fine optical element 50 of the downward prism sheet 5D has a light beam IL incident on the inclined surface 50a at a predetermined angle or more with respect to the normal direction (Z-axis direction) at the inclined surface 50b.
- the light is totally reflected from the inner surface and radiated in the Z-axis direction or a direction with a small inclination angle from the
- the micro optical element 50 refracts the light beam IL incident on the inclined surface 50a at a angle less than a predetermined angle with respect to the Z-axis direction, and is inclined greatly from the Z-axis direction. Radiates in the direction.
- the light 15 emitted from the second backlight unit 18 has a narrow-angle light distribution around the Z-axis direction.
- the light 15 passes through the downward prism sheet 5D, and is emitted in an angular direction greatly inclined from the Z-axis direction as in the light beam OL shown in FIG. 7B.
- FIG. 19 and 20 show examples of changes in the light distribution of the illumination light 15 emitted from the second backlight unit 18 before and after passing through the downward prism sheet 5D.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a light distribution of the illumination light 15 emitted from the second backlight unit 18.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating a light distribution of the illumination light 15a obtained after the illumination light 15 has transmitted through the downward prism sheet 5D.
- the horizontal axis represents the tilt angle with respect to the normal line (Z-axis direction) of the liquid crystal display panel 10
- the vertical axis represents the luminance. As shown in FIG.
- the illumination light 15 having a substantially Gaussian-shaped light distribution with a full width at half maximum of about 50 degrees passes through the downward prism sheet 5D, and thereby is about ⁇ 40 from the Z-axis direction as shown in FIG. It is converted into light 15a having a light distribution with a luminance peak at every degree and no intensity in the Z-axis direction.
- illumination light having a narrow-angle light distribution centered on the Z-axis direction as shown in FIG. 6 can be obtained.
- illumination light 15a having a light distribution having a luminance peak at an angle shifted from the Z-axis direction by an arbitrary angle as shown in FIG. Become.
- the liquid crystal display device 300 having the above-described configuration makes it possible to switch the light distribution of illumination light to the back surface 10b of the liquid crystal display panel 10, and is emitted from the entire surface 10a of the display according to the positional relationship between the display and the observer.
- the position of the luminance peak of the illumination light can be optimized.
- 21A, 21B, and 21C are diagrams schematically illustrating three types of light distributions of illumination light.
- the back surface 10b of the liquid crystal display panel 10 is narrow as shown in FIG. Illuminated with illumination light 13 having angular light distribution D13.
- an observer can visually recognize a bright image from the front direction of the liquid crystal display device 300, but when viewing the display surface 10a from an oblique direction, the observer will visually recognize a dark image.
- the liquid crystal display device 300 does not emit light in an unnecessary direction other than the observation direction, the light emission amount of the light source 3 ⁇ / b> C can be reduced, and power consumption can be reduced.
- the rear surface of the liquid crystal display panel 10 is as shown in FIG. Illumination is performed with illumination light 15a having a light distribution D6 having a luminance peak at an arbitrary angle. Therefore, the observer can visually recognize a bright image from an arbitrary angle, and when viewing the display surface 10a from other directions, the observer visually recognizes a dark image. At this time, since the liquid crystal display device 300 does not emit light in an unnecessary direction other than the observation direction, the light emission amount of the light source 60 can be suppressed to be small, and power consumption can be reduced.
- both the first backlight unit 16 and the second backlight unit 18 are turned on so that the observer can visually recognize a bright image from a plurality of directions.
- a dark image is visually recognized (for example, FIG. 21 (c)).
- illumination light with a wide-angle light distribution that continuously emits light over a wide angle so that a bright image can be viewed from all directions is emitted.
- the power consumption reduction effect can be acquired.
- FIGS. 22A to 22C are diagrams schematically showing examples of three types of viewing angle control.
- the viewing angle control is performed based on the relationship with the position of the observer.
- the control unit 301 when the observer is located only in the front direction with respect to the liquid crystal display panel 10, the control unit 301 causes the first backlight unit 16 to emit light only in the front position.
- a visible light distribution D13 is generated (front display mode).
- the control unit 301 when the observer is located only in a direction inclined at an arbitrary angle with respect to the front direction of the liquid crystal display panel 10, the control unit 301 includes the second backlight.
- a light distribution D6 that is visible only from the side with respect to the front direction is generated (side display mode).
- the control unit 301 causes both the first backlight unit 16 and the second backlight unit 18 to emit light.
- a light distribution D7 that can be visually recognized by an observer located in the front direction and the side direction is generated (front / side display mode).
- the control unit 301 sets the optimal light emission amount of the first backlight unit 16 and the second backlight unit 18 according to the position of the observer, so that unnecessary illumination is eliminated and high power consumption is reduced. An effect is obtained.
- the liquid crystal display device 300 can switch the backlight illumination method to an optimum one for the observer's position, thereby eliminating unnecessary illumination and reducing power consumption. An effect is obtained.
- the viewing angle control function of the third embodiment is more effective when the positional relationship between the liquid crystal display surface 10a and the observer is fixed to some extent, for example, in an in-vehicle display or a game machine display. It is a function.
- the direction of the luminance peak position in the side display mode is set to a direction inclined by ⁇ 40 degrees from the normal direction of the liquid crystal display panel 10, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the luminance peak is set in a desired angular direction by changing the light distribution of the light emitted from the second backlight unit 18 and changing the shape of the micro optical elements 50,..., 50 of the downward prism sheet 5D. It is possible.
- the light distribution distribution width is narrowed to increase the visibility only in the necessary direction, and reduce the visibility in the unnecessary direction.
- the present invention is not limited to this. By widening each light distribution width, it is possible to improve not only the necessary direction but also the visibility in the surrounding direction.
- the light distribution distribution width can be widened by changing the light distribution of the light source 3C and changing the shape of the micro optical element 40R formed on the back surface of the light guide plate 4R. Is possible.
- the distribution of the illumination light 15 emitted from the second backlight unit 18 is changed, and the shape of the micro optical elements 50,..., 50 of the downward prism sheet 5D is changed. It is possible to widen the light distribution width.
- the control unit 301 causes the emitted light of one of the first backlight unit 16 and the second backlight unit 18 to be emitted. In consideration of the influence on the other emitted light, it is also possible to individually control the light emission amounts of the first backlight unit 16 and the second backlight unit 18 and adjust the luminance.
- the upward prism sheet 5V is between the first backlight unit 16 and the second backlight unit 18, and the prism ridge line direction thereof is substantially orthogonal to the prism ridge line direction of the downward prism sheet 5D.
- the light emitted from the first backlight unit 16 in the back direction (the direction opposite to the liquid crystal display panel 10 side) is totally reflected by the upward prism sheet 5D.
- it is used again as the light of the first backlight unit 16 while the traveling direction of the light in the YZ plane is preserved. Therefore, the light use efficiency of the first backlight unit 16 can be improved, and a further power consumption reduction effect can be obtained.
- the side wall inner surface and the bottom plate inner surface of the casing 61 of the second backlight unit 18 are regular reflection surfaces. This is because the light is emitted from the second backlight unit 18 toward the back surface direction (the direction opposite to the liquid crystal display panel 10), and the light travels back to the liquid crystal display panel 10 while the traveling direction of the light is substantially preserved. This is because the light is converted into light that travels and used as light of the second backlight unit 18 in which light having a predetermined intensity or more is localized within a relatively narrow angle range centered on the Z-axis direction. Thereby, it becomes possible to improve the light use efficiency of the 2nd backlight unit 18, and the further power consumption reduction effect is acquired.
- the second backlight unit 18 includes light emitting diodes that emit light having a narrow-angle light distribution as the light sources 60,. These light sources 60,..., 60 are regularly arranged along the XY plane so as to be located immediately below the liquid crystal display panel 10. For this reason, the second backlight unit 18 is configured as a backlight directly under the light source, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- a so-called side light system in which light is incident from a side end surface of a light guide plate (not shown) can be adopted, and a configuration in which fine optical elements are provided on the light exit surface of the light guide plate can be adopted.
- the light incident on the light guide plate from a light source is firstly distributed as light having a light distribution distribution in which light of a predetermined intensity or more is localized within a relatively narrow angle range centering on the Z-axis direction.
- a configuration for radiating toward the back surface of the backlight unit 16 can be realized.
- the light source 3C of the first backlight unit 16 and the light sources 60,..., 60 of the second backlight unit 18 are desirably the same light source.
- the reason is that when the viewing angle is changed by changing the ratio of the light emission amount of the first backlight unit 16 and the light emission amount of the second backlight unit 18, the difference in the light emission characteristics (emission spectrum, etc.) of the light sources 3C and 60 This is because it is possible to avoid the possibility of causing a luminescent color change.
- the liquid crystal display device 300 of Embodiment 3 does not use a complicated and expensive active optical element, and the light emission amount of the first backlight unit 16 and the light emission amount of the second backlight unit 18.
- the viewing angle can be controlled by adjusting the ratio. Since the liquid crystal display device 300 minimizes the amount of light emitted from the display surface 10a in an unnecessary direction, it is possible to realize a viewing angle control function effective for reducing power consumption.
- the configuration of the liquid crystal display device 300 is a simple and inexpensive configuration, and is effective from a small size to a large size regardless of the screen size.
- the first backlight unit 16 has the upward prism sheet 5V.
- the return light radiated from the light guide plate 4R in the back direction in the first backlight unit 16 is totally reflected on the back surface 5e due to the presence of the fine optical structure 51 of the upward prism sheet 5V, and has a narrow-angle light distribution. Illumination light 13 is obtained. For this reason, the return light can be used as the emitted light of the first backlight unit 16. Therefore, also in the backlight laminated liquid crystal display device 300 of the third embodiment, the light use efficiency of the first backlight unit 16 can be improved without losing the radiated light 14 from the second backlight unit 18. Can do.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of a liquid crystal display device (transmission type liquid crystal display device) 300M which is a modification of the third embodiment
- FIG. 24 is a part of the configuration of the liquid crystal display device of FIG. It is a figure which shows typically the structure which looked at from the Y-axis direction.
- the illumination light 13 having the light distribution D13 is obtained from the first backlight unit 16, and the illumination light 15a having the light distribution D6 is obtained from the second backlight unit 18. It is possible to get.
- a viewing angle variable liquid crystal display device 300M capable of reducing power consumption can be realized.
- the shape of the micro optical element 50 is a triangular prism shape, but is not limited thereto.
- the shape of the micro optical element 50 is determined by the combination with the light guide plate 4. If the principal ray of light emitted from the front surface 4b of the light guide plate 4 and incident on the downward prism sheet 5D is totally reflected by the micro optical element 50 and converted into illumination light 11 having a narrow-angle light distribution, it is triangular. Shapes other than the prism shape can be applied.
- the upward prism sheet 5V includes the micro optical element 51 having a convex triangular prism shape, but is not limited thereto.
- the other optical elements 50 of the downward prism sheet 5D do not have a structure on a plane (YZ plane in the figure) having an inclined portion and have a structure on a plane orthogonal to the plane (ZX plane in the figure).
- the light emitted from the second backlight units 2, 17 and 18 needs to pass through such an optical sheet or plate-like member, it has an optical influence on the ZX plane in the figure.
- the upward prism sheet 5V in the first, second, and third embodiments has a structure for condensing the light of the second backlight unit in a direction perpendicular to the viewing angle control direction. As a result, it is possible to narrow the light distribution in a direction that does not require a wide viewing angle and to obtain an effect of improving luminance or reducing power consumption.
- the liquid crystal display devices 100 and 200 of the first and second embodiments have the upward prism sheet 5V, there may be a form in which the upward prism sheet 5V is not provided.
- the first backlight units 1 and 16 of the first, second, and third embodiments are configured so that the micro optical elements 51, ..., 51 of the upward prism sheet 5V are arranged in the downward prism sheet 5D. 50,..., 50, but the present invention is not limited to this. Even if the angle formed between the arrangement direction of the micro optical elements 51,... And the arrangement direction of the micro optical elements 50,. In addition, the light use efficiency of the first backlight units 1 and 16 can be improved.
- the liquid crystal display devices 100, 200, and 300 of the first, second, and third embodiments can perform fine viewing angle control regardless of the screen size. Thereby, the optimal viewing angle can be selected according to the number of observers and the observation position, and an effect of reducing power consumption can be obtained with lean illumination. Furthermore, the liquid crystal display devices 100, 200, and 300 usually have a wide viewing angle display to improve the visibility from the observer and the surroundings, and at other times the wide viewing angle display is switched to the narrow viewing angle display from the surroundings. A function for creating a private mode in which the display unit cannot be seen can also be realized.
- liquid crystal display device 1,16 first backlight unit, 2, 17, 18 second backlight unit, 3A, 3B, 6A, 6B, 3C, 19, 60 light source, 60L lens, 4, 4R Light guide plate, 40, 40R, 50, 51 fine optical element, 5D downward prism sheet, 5V upward prism sheet, 7 light guide plate, 70 diffuse reflection structure, 8 light reflection sheet, 9 optical sheet, 10 liquid crystal display panel, 21, 61 Case, 22, 62 Diffuse transmission plate (diffuse transmission structure).
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明に係る実施の形態1の液晶表示装置(透過型液晶表示装置)100の構成を模式的に示す図である。図2は、図1の液晶表示装置100の構成の一部をY軸方向から見た構成を模式的に示す図である。図1に示されるように、液晶表示装置100は、透過型の液晶表示パネル10、光学シート9、第1バックライトユニット1、第2バックライトユニット2及び光反射シート8を備えており、これら構成要素10,9,1,2,8は、Z軸に沿って配列されている。液晶表示パネル10は、Z軸に直交するX軸及びY軸を含むX-Y平面と平行な表示面10aを有する。なお、X軸及びY軸は互いに直交している。
図15は、本発明に係る実施の形態2の液晶表示装置(透過型液晶表示装置)200の構成を模式的に示す図である。図16は、図15の液晶表示装置200の構成の一部をY軸方向から見た構成を模式的に示す図である。図15及び図16の液晶表示装置200の構成要素のうち、図1の構成要素と同一符号を付された構成要素は同一機能を有するものとして、その詳細な説明を省略する。
図17は、本発明に係る実施の形態3の液晶表示装置(透過型液晶表示装置)300の構成を模式的に示す図である。図18は、図17の液晶表示装置300の構成の一部をY軸方向から見た構成を模式的に示す図である。実施の形態3の液晶表示装置300の構成は、第2バックライトユニットの構成が異なる点を除いて、実施の形態2の液晶表示装置200の構成とほぼ同じである。以下、実施の形態3に特有の構成について詳細に説明する。図17及び図18の液晶表示装置300の構成要素のうち、図1,2,15,16の構成要素と同一符号を付された構成要素は同一機能を有するものとして、その詳細な説明を省略する。
以上、図面を参照して本発明に係る種々の実施の形態について述べたが、これらは本発明の例示であり、上記以外の様々な構成を採用することもできる。たとえば、図5(a)及び図5(b)に示したように微細光学素子50の形状は、三角プリズム形状であるが、これに限定されるものではない。上述したように、微細光学素子50の形状は、導光板4との組み合わせにより決定されるものである。導光板4の前面4bから放射され下向きプリズムシート5Dに入射する光の主光線が、微細光学素子50で内面全反射して狭角配光分布の照明光11に変換されるのであれば、三角プリズム形状の以外の形状を適用することができる。
Claims (21)
- 背面と該背面の反対側の表示面とを有し、前記背面から入射した光を変調して画像光を生成し、前記画像光を前記表示面から出射する液晶表示パネルと、
前記液晶表示パネルの前記背面に光を照射する第1バックライトユニットと、
前記第1バックライトユニットの背面に向けて光を放射する第2バックライトユニットと、
前記第1バックライトユニットの発光量を制御する第1の光源駆動制御部と、
前記第2バックライトユニットの発光量を制御する第2の光源駆動制御部と
を備え、
前記第1バックライトユニットは、
前記第1の光源駆動制御部によって制御される第1の光源と、
前記第2バックライトユニットによって放射された前記光を透過させるとともに、前記第1の光源から出射された光を、前記液晶表示パネルの前記表示面の法線方向を中心とした第1の角度範囲内に所定強度以上の光が局在する狭角配光分布を持つ光に変換して前記液晶表示パネルに向けて放射する第1の光学部材と、
前記第2バックライトユニットによって放射された前記光を透過させるとともに、前記第1の光学部材から前記液晶表示パネル側とは反対側に放射される光を前記第1の光学部材の方向に内面全反射させる第1の光学シートとを含み、
前記第2バックライトユニットは、
前記第2の光源駆動制御部によって制御される第2の光源と、
前記第2の光源から出射された光を、前記第1の角度範囲よりも広い第2の角度範囲内に所定強度以上の光が局在する広角配光分布を持つ光に変換して前記第1バックライトユニットの背面に向けて放射する第2の光学部材とを含み、
前記第1の光学部材及び第1の光学シートは、前記第2の光学部材から放射された前記光を前記広角配光分布を狭めることなく透過させる、
ことを特徴とする液晶表示装置。 - 請求項1に記載の液晶表示装置であって、
前記第1の光学部材は、
前記第1の光源から出射された光を、前記液晶表示パネル側とは反対側に有する背面で内面反射させて前記液晶表示パネルに向けて放射する導光板と、
前記導光板から前記液晶表示パネルに向けて放射された光を前記狭角配光分布を持つ光に変換する第2の光学シートと
を含むことを特徴とする液晶表示装置。 - 請求項2に記載の液晶表示装置であって、
前記第2の光学シートの背面は、複数の第1の微細光学素子が前記表示面の法線方向に垂直な面に沿って規則的に配列された構造を有し、
前記第1の微細光学素子の各々は、前記表示面の法線方向から傾斜する傾斜面を有しており、
前記第2の光学シートは、前記導光板から前記表示面の法線方向に対して所定角度以上で入射した光を前記第1の微細光学素子の傾斜面で内面全反射させて前記狭角配光分布を持つ光に変換することを特徴とする液晶表示装置。 - 背面と該背面の反対側の表示面とを有し、前記背面から入射した光を変調して画像光を生成し、前記画像光を前記表示面から出射する液晶表示パネルと、
前記液晶表示パネルの前記背面に光を照射する第1バックライトユニットと、
前記第1バックライトユニットの背面に向けて光を放射する第2バックライトユニットと、
前記第1バックライトユニットの発光量を制御する第1の光源駆動制御部と、
前記第2バックライトユニットの発光量を制御する第2の光源駆動制御部と
を備え、
前記第1バックライトユニットは、
前記第1の光源駆動制御部によって制御される第1の光源と、
前記第2バックライトユニットによって放射された前記光を透過させるとともに、前記第1の光源から出射された光を、前記液晶表示パネルの前記表示面の法線方向を中心とした第1の角度範囲内に所定強度以上の光が局在する第1の配光分布を持つ光に変換して前記液晶表示パネルに向けて放射する第1の光学部材とを含み、
前記第2バックライトユニットは、
前記第2の光源駆動制御部によって制御される第2の光源と、
前記第2の光源から出射された光を、前記液晶表示パネルの前記表示面の法線方向を中心とした第2の角度範囲内に所定強度以上の光が局在する第2の配光分布を持つ光に変換して前記第1バックライトユニットの背面に向けて放射する第2の光学部材とを含み、
前記第1の光学部材は、前記第2の光学部材から放射された前記光を、前記液晶表示パネルの前記表示面の法線方向から所定角度傾いた方向を中心とした第3の角度範囲内に所定強度以上の光が局在する第3の配光分布を持つ光に変換して前記液晶表示パネルに向けて放射する、
ことを特徴とする液晶表示装置。 - 請求項4に記載の液晶表示装置であって、前記第1バックライトユニットは、前記第2バックライトユニットによって放射された前記光を透過させるとともに、前記第1の光学部材から前記液晶表示パネル側とは反対側に放射される光を前記第1の光学部材の方向に内面全反射させる第1の光学シートをさらに含むことを特徴とする液晶表示装置。
- 請求項4または5に記載の液晶表示装置であって、
前記第1の光学部材は、
前記第1の光源から出射された光を、前記液晶表示パネル側とは反対側に有する背面で内面反射させて前記液晶表示パネルに向けて放射する導光板と、
前記導光板から前記液晶表示パネルに向けて放射された光を前記第1の配光分布を持つ光に変換する第2の光学シートと
を含むことを特徴とする液晶表示装置。 - 請求項6に記載の液晶表示装置であって、
前記第2の光学シートの背面は、複数の第1の微細光学素子が前記表示面の法線方向に垂直な面に沿って規則的に配列された構造を有し、
前記第1の微細光学素子の各々は、前記表示面の法線方向から傾斜する傾斜面を有しており、
前記第2の光学シートは、当該第2の光学シートの背面から前記表示面の法線方向に対して所定角度以上の角度で入射した光を、前記第1の微細光学素子により前記表示面の法線方向を中心とする所定の角度範囲内に所定強度以上の光が局在する配光分布を持つ光に変換して前記液晶表示パネルに向けて放射し、当該第2の光学シートの背面から前記表示面の法線方向に対して所定角度未満の角度で入射した光を、前記第1の微細光学素子により前記表示面の法線方向に対して所定角度傾いた方向を中心とする所定の角度範囲内に所定強度以上の光が局在する配光分布を持つ光に変換して前記液晶表示パネルに向けて放射する
ことを特徴とする液晶表示装置。 - 請求項3または7に記載の液晶表示装置であって、前記第1の微細光学素子は、前記液晶表示パネル側とは反対側に突出し且つ前記表示面に平行な稜線を有する三角プリズム形状の凸状部からなることを特徴とする液晶表示装置。
- 請求項2,3及び請求項6から8のうちのいずれか1項に記載の液晶表示装置であって、
前記導光板の背面は、前記液晶表示パネル側とは反対側に突出する複数の第2の微細光学素子が前記表示面に平行な面に沿って形成された構造を有し、
前記導光板は、前記第1の光源から入射した光を前記第2の微細光学素子で内面全反射させることにより、前記表示面の法線方向に対して所定の角度範囲内に所定強度以上の光が局在する配光分布を持つ光を生成して前記液晶表示パネルの背面に向けて放射することを特徴とする液晶表示装置。 - 請求項9に記載の液晶表示装置であって、
前記導光板は、前記第1の光源から出射された光が前記表示面に平行な方向から入射する入射端面を有しており、
前記第2の微細光学素子の単位面積当たりの数は、前記入射端面から離れるほど多くなる、ことを特徴とする液晶表示装置。 - 請求項9または10に記載の液晶表示装置であって、前記第2の微細光学素子の表面は曲率を有することを特徴とする液晶表示装置。
- 請求項9から11のうちのいずれか1項に記載の液晶表示装置であって、前記導光板から放射される当該光の配光分布の前記所定の角度範囲は、前記表示面の法線方向に対して+60度から+90度及び-60度から-90度の範囲であることを特徴とする液晶表示装置。
- 請求項1から3及び請求項5のうちのいずれか1項に記載の液晶表示装置であって、
前記第1の光学シートの前記液晶表示パネル側にある表面は、前記液晶表示パネルの方向に突出する複数の第3の微細光学素子が前記第1の微細光学素子の配列方向とは異なる方向に規則的に配列される構造を有し、
前記第3の微細光学素子の各々は、前記表示面の法線方向から傾斜する傾斜面を有しており、
前記第3の微細光学素子の傾斜面は、前記第1の光学部材から入射した光を前記第1の光学シートの背面の方向に屈折させ、
前記第1の光学シートの背面は、前記第3の微細光学素子の傾斜面で屈折された光を前記導光板の方向に全反射させる、
ことを特徴とする液晶表示装置。 - 請求項13に記載の液晶表示装置であって、前記第3の微細光学素子は、前記表示面に平行な稜線を有する三角プリズム形状の凸状部からなることを特徴とする液晶表示装置。
- 請求項1から3のうちのいずれか1項に記載の液晶表示装置であって、前記第2の光学部材の背面は、前記第2の光源から出射された光を拡散反射させて前記広角配光分布を持つ光を生成する拡散反射構造を有することを特徴とする液晶表示装置。
- 請求項1から3のうちのいずれか1項に記載の液晶表示装置であって、
前記第2の光源は、前記液晶表示パネルの方向に光を放射して前記第2の光学部材の背面に光を照射する光源であり、
前記第2の光学部材は、前記第2の光源から入射する光を拡散透過させて前記広角配光分布を持つ光を生成する拡散透過構造を有することを特徴とする液晶表示装置。 - 請求項4から7のうちのいずれか1項に記載の液晶表示装置であって、
前記第2の光源は、前記液晶表示パネルの方向に光を放射し、
前記第2の光学部材は、前記第2の光源から入射する光を、前記第2の配光分布を持つ当該光に変換する
ことを特徴とする液晶表示装置。 - 請求項1から17のうちのいずれか1項に記載の液晶表示装置であって、前記第1の光源駆動制御部及び前記第2の光源駆動制御部は、前記表示面における法線方向の輝度が一定となるように前記第1の光源及び前記第2の光源を制御することを特徴とする液晶表示装置。
- 請求項1から18のうちのいずれか1項に記載の液晶表示装置であって、前記第1の光源及び前記第2の光源が発光ダイオードであることを特徴とする液晶表示装置。
- 請求項1から19のうちのいずれか1項に記載の液晶表示装置であって、前記第1の光源及び前記第2の光源がレーザ光源であることを特徴とする液晶表示装置。
- 請求項1から20のうちのいずれか1項に記載の液晶表示装置であって、前記第1の光源と前記第2の光源とは、同一の発光方式の光源からなることを特徴とする液晶表示装置。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN102640039A (zh) | 2012-08-15 |
JPWO2011067911A1 (ja) | 2013-04-18 |
TW201202799A (en) | 2012-01-16 |
KR20120078745A (ko) | 2012-07-10 |
KR101318497B1 (ko) | 2013-10-16 |
US20120235891A1 (en) | 2012-09-20 |
DE112010004660T5 (de) | 2012-10-11 |
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