WO2006028292A1 - 燃料電池用隔膜、及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池用隔膜、及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006028292A1 WO2006028292A1 PCT/JP2005/017085 JP2005017085W WO2006028292A1 WO 2006028292 A1 WO2006028292 A1 WO 2006028292A1 JP 2005017085 W JP2005017085 W JP 2005017085W WO 2006028292 A1 WO2006028292 A1 WO 2006028292A1
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- ion exchange
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- exchange group
- fuel cell
- membrane
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1069—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes
- H01M8/1072—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes by chemical reactions, e.g. in situ polymerisation or in situ crosslinking
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1007—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1023—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon, e.g. polyarylenes, polystyrenes or polybutadiene-styrenes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1058—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties
- H01M8/106—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by a porous support having no ion-conducting properties characterised by the chemical composition of the porous support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0088—Composites
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell membrane in which a cross-linked ion exchange resin is dispersed in a porous membrane, and a method for producing the same.
- Ion exchange membranes are widely used as polymer membrane fuel cells, redox * flow cells, zinc-bromine cell membranes, dialysis membranes, and the like.
- Solid polymer fuel cells that use ion exchange membranes as fuel cell electrolytes are one of the power generation systems that extract the chemical energy produced by the reaction between continuously supplied fuel and oxidant. .
- This power generation system is a clean and highly efficient power generation system. In recent years, this power generation system has the potential to be operated at low temperatures and can be miniaturized, increasing its importance for use in automobiles, homes, gardens and portables. ,
- a polymer electrolyte fuel cell includes a diaphragm made of a proton conductive solid polymer that acts as an electrolyte, and a fuel chamber and an oxidant chamber divided by the diaphragm.
- a gas diffusion electrode carrying a catalyst is joined to both surfaces of the diaphragm.
- Fuel containing hydrogen gas or methanol is supplied to the chamber (fuel chamber) on the side where one gas diffusion electrode exists, and oxygen as an oxidant is supplied to the chamber (oxidant chamber) on the side where the other gas diffusion electrode exists.
- oxygen-containing gases such as air are supplied.
- a direct methanol fuel cell using methanol as a direct fuel in a proton-conducting fuel cell is easy to handle and inexpensive because the fuel used is a liquid. For this reason, direct methanol fuel cells are expected to be used for relatively small output power sources, especially for portable devices.
- Figure 1 shows the basic structure of a conventional direct methanol fuel cell.
- l a and 1 b are battery partition walls arranged opposite to each other.
- Reference numeral 2 denotes a groove-like fuel circulation hole formed in the inner surface of the partition wall 1a.
- 3 is a groove-like oxidant gas flow hole formed on the inner surface of the partition wall 1b.
- Reference numeral 6 denotes a solid polymer electrolyte membrane.
- a fuel chamber side diffusion electrode 4 is formed on one surface, and an oxidant chamber side gas diffusion electrode 5 is formed on the other surface.
- methanol is supplied to the fuel chamber 7.
- the supplied methanol generates protons (hydrogen ions) and electrons by the action of the fuel chamber side diffusion electrode 4.
- the produced protein moves through the solid polymer electrolyte 6 to the other oxidant chamber 8 where it reacts with oxygen in the air or oxygen gas to produce water.
- the electrons generated in the fuel chamber side diffusion electrode 4 move to the oxidant chamber side gas diffusion electrode (5) through an external load circuit (not shown). At this time, electric energy is given to the load circuit.
- a cation exchange membrane is usually used as the diaphragm.
- the cation exchange membrane has low electrical resistance, high physical strength, and as a fuel The property of low permeability of methanol used is required.
- a perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid membrane represented by the product name Nafion has been frequently used as a cationic exchange membrane used as a membrane for a direct methanol fuel cell.
- This membrane has excellent chemical stability.
- this film has insufficient physical strength, it is difficult to reduce the film thickness, and as a result, it is difficult to reduce the electrical resistance of the film.
- the perfluorocarpone sulfonic acid membrane is significantly swollen and deformed by methanol. Furthermore, since the membrane swells, there is a problem that the diffusion of methanol to the oxidation chamber side is further promoted. In addition, perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid membrane is expensive.
- the present inventors have proposed an ion exchange membrane having a layer comprising an inorganic filler and an ion exchange membrane on the porous membrane surface serving as a base material.
- a so-called polyion complex membrane which is a mixture of a polymer having acidic groups such as sulfonated polyether ether ketone and a polymer having basic groups such as polybenzimidazole in the molecule, is directly methanol.
- Technology used for diaphragms for type fuel cells has been reported (Special Table 2 0 0 3 — 5 3 5 9 4 0).
- this polyion complex membrane has been studied for use as a membrane for fuel cells using hydrogen gas as fuel. According to this report, the diaphragm is described as exhibiting high proton conductivity, high temperature stability, and low methanol permeability.
- a method of reducing methanol permeability by reducing the content of acidic groups and basic groups in the polyion complex membrane is also considered.
- this method there is a problem that the proton conductivity of the polyion complex membrane is lowered.
- a cross-linked cation exchange resin such as sulfonated styrene-divinylbenzene resin is impregnated with a polymer having an anion exchange group such as polybenzimidazole to form a polyion complex membrane.
- a polybenzimidazole polymer having a benzimidazole structure in the main chain repeating unit and capable of cross-linking the main chains is excellent in heat resistance. It is used as an ion exchange resin as a material for the diaphragm.
- a sulfonic acid group into a benzene ring coexisting in the main chain
- such a polybenzimidazole polymer can also introduce an acidic group such as a sulfonic acid group into the NH group of the imidazole ring contained in the main chain via a hydrogenation group.
- It has also been proposed to produce a diaphragm for a fuel cell using a ion exchange resin produced by introducing an acidic group in this way Japanese Patent Publication No. 2 0 0 2-5 3 5 4 6 7) .
- the introduced acidic group and the imidazole ring of the main chain are considered to form an ion complex to the extent possible.
- the degree of freedom of reaction is small and it is difficult to form the ion complex at a high rate. Therefore, even in fuel cell membranes formed by these methods, the methanol permeability has not been reduced to a level that can be satisfied one step further.
- the methanol permeability is low.
- the present invention has been made for the purpose of solving the above problems.
- the aim is to provide an ion exchange membrane with low fuel permeability, particularly methanol permeability, and high proton conductivity.
- Proton conduction type membranes for fuel cells especially To provide a cation exchange membrane that can extract high battery output when used directly as a membrane for methanol fuel cells.
- the present inventors have conducted intensive research to solve the above problems.
- the cross-linked cation exchange resin in which the ion complex is formed at a high rate is dispersed in the voids of the porous membrane, the methanol permeability of the membrane is increased without increasing the membrane resistance to the proton. It has been found that it can be significantly reduced.
- a suitable method for producing these diaphragms was found and the present invention was completed.
- the present invention is an ion exchange membrane in which a cross-linked ion exchange resin having both a cation exchange group and an anion exchange group by a covalent bond is filled in a void portion of a porous membrane.
- the polar ion exchange group is more than the opposite polarity ion exchange group, and at least 40% of the opposite polarity ion exchange groups have the above polar ion exchange group.
- a fuel cell membrane characterized by forming an ion complex.
- the ion exchange resin filled in the fuel cell membrane includes a case in which a polymer chain in which both a cation exchange group and an anion exchange group are covalently bonded at random is crosslinked.
- the ion exchange resin filled in the fuel cell membrane includes a resin obtained by crosslinking a polymer chain to which either one of a cation exchange group or an anion exchange group is covalently bonded; and
- the ion exchange group possessed includes a case where the ion exchange group is formed by a mixture with a resin composed of a polymer chain to which an ion exchange group having a reverse polarity is covalently bonded.
- the first production method of the present invention includes a functional group capable of introducing a cation exchange group or a polymerizable monomer to which a cation exchange group is covalently bonded, and a functional group or anion exchange group capable of introducing a cation exchange group.
- the polymerizable composition containing a polymerizable monomer to which a covalent bond is bonded, a cross-linking agent, and a polymerization initiator is brought into contact with the porous film to bring the polymerizable composition into the porous film.
- the impregnated polymerizable composition is polymerized and cured, and then a cation exchange group or an anion is formed so that the number of ion exchange groups of one polarity is larger than the ion exchange groups of the opposite polarity.
- a method for producing a diaphragm for a fuel cell wherein a cation exchange group and / or an anion exchange group is introduced as necessary into a functional group into which an exchange group can be introduced.
- the present inventors once created a cross-linked ion exchange resin, and penetrated a polymerizable monomer having an ion exchange group having a reverse polarity by a covalent bond to form an ion complex. Then, it was found that by separating the polymerizable monomer, a diaphragm having significantly reduced methanol permeability could be produced, and the second production method described below was invented.
- the second production method of the present invention comprises: an ion exchange original membrane formed by filling a void portion of a porous membrane with a cross-linked ion exchange resin having a cation exchange group or an anion exchange group by a covalent bond;
- the ion exchange group of the cross-linked ion exchange membrane is contacted with a polymerizable monomer to which an ion exchange group having a reverse polarity is covalently bonded, and the polymerizable monomer penetrates the ion exchange membrane.
- a method for producing a diaphragm for a fuel cell is characterized in that the permeated polymerizable monomer is polymerized.
- the fuel cell membrane of the present invention has a structure in which an ion exchange resin formed of a crosslinked polyion complex is dispersed in a porous membrane. For this reason, the permeability of methanol is extremely low compared to a conventional polyion complex membrane in which a non-crosslinked cation exchange polymer and a non-bridge type anion exchange polymer are simply mixed. Moreover, even when compared with a membrane manufactured using a cross-linked ion exchange resin in which an acidic group is introduced into a polybenzimidazole polymer or the like. The formation rate of the ion complex is larger than that of the non-permeability of methanol.
- the diaphragm of the present invention is less swelled by methanol because the resin is a crosslinked type. For this reason, a large amount of cation exchange groups and anion exchange groups can be introduced into the diaphragm. As a result, the diaphragm of the present invention has a high conductivity. With this configuration, it is possible to obtain a membrane for a direct methanol fuel cell that is difficult to achieve in the past and that has both 1 L of high methanol non-permeability and high carbon conductivity. Furthermore, according to the production method of the present invention, the above excellent direct methanol fuel cell membrane can be obtained at a low cost by a simple production method.
- the internal resistance of the direct methanol fuel cell using the fuel cell membrane of the present invention is low. Further, since the crossover in which the methanol serving as the fuel of the fuel cell moves from the fuel chamber to the oxidizer chamber is suppressed, a high cell output can be obtained. As described above, the present invention is an extremely useful technique for producing a high-power direct methanol fuel cell.
- an ion complex is formed at a high rate during the preparation of the polymerizable composition and the introduction of ion exchange groups after the production of the membrane.
- the amount of ion complex formation is much higher than that of the conventional cross-linked ion exchange membranes of the polyion complex type used as fuel cell membranes.
- the manufactured diaphragm exhibits excellent methanol impermeability and high conductivity to proton.
- a polymerizable monomer having an ion exchange group by a covalent bond is allowed to penetrate into the ion exchange resin.
- a polymerizable monomer is polymerized.
- a polymerizable monomer having a reverse polarity ion exchange group permeates into the ion exchange resin in a freely moving state, and forms an ion complex with the ion exchange group on the resin side. The amount of formation can be further increased.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing the basic structure of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell.
- Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram of the cell used for measuring methanol permeability.
- FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a fuel cell membrane according to the present invention.
- 1 a and 1 b are battery partition walls; 2 is a fuel gas flow hole; 3 is an oxidant gas flow hole; 4 is a fuel chamber side gas diffusion electrode; 5 is an oxidant chamber side gas diffusion electrode; Molecular electrolyte; 7 is fuel chamber; 8 is oxidant chamber.
- 9 is an ion exchange membrane; 10 a and 10 b are polytetrafluoroethylene packings; 11 is a rubber packing; 12 is a cap with an opening; 13 is methanol; and 14 is a glass container.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an example of a fuel cell membrane of the present invention.
- the fuel cell membrane 100 according to the present invention comprises a porous membrane 3 2 and an ion exchange resin 3 6 filled in the void portion 3 4 of the porous membrane 3 2. .
- the ion exchange resin 36 filled in the fuel cell membrane 100 of the present invention has a cation exchange group and an anion exchange group bonded by a covalent bond. Therefore, in order to form an ion complex, a low-molecular compound having an ion exchange group having a polarity opposite to that of the ion exchange resin is adsorbed as a post-treatment, and as a result, the above-mentioned bipolar ion exchange groups are respectively absorbed. It is different from the film you have.
- both the cation exchange group and the anion exchange group are firmly bonded to the base material part of the resin (the remaining constituent part obtained by removing the ion exchange group from the ion exchange resin) by a covalent bond. For this reason, the effect exhibited by the ion complex formed by these ion exchange groups is stably exhibited (the ion exchange resin or the polymerizable monomer has an ion exchange group by a covalent bond).
- the ion exchange resin 36 is a cross-linked ion exchange resin having either one of a cation exchange group or an anion exchange group more than the other.
- the ion exchange resin 36 when the ion exchange resin 36 has more cation exchange groups exhibiting cation exchange ability in an aqueous solution than anion exchange groups exhibiting anion exchange ability, the ion exchange resin 36 is generally Acts as an on-exchange resin. In the case where the ion exchange resin 36 has a smaller number of cation exchange groups exhibiting cation exchange ability in an aqueous solution than anion exchange groups exhibiting anion exchange ability, the ion exchange resin 3 6 generally behaves as an anion exchange resin.
- the fuel cell membrane 100 of the present invention can be used for various types of fuel cell membranes.
- a membrane filled with an ion exchange resin having a larger number of cation exchange groups than an anion exchange group has an electric property for a proton. Since the resistance can be made particularly low, it is preferable as a diaphragm for a direct methanol fuel cell.
- the membrane of the present invention will be described focusing on a fuel cell membrane having a particularly low electric resistance to proton by having a larger number of cation exchange groups than an anion exchange group.
- a membrane filled with anion exchange resin having more anion exchange groups than cation exchange groups is also useful as a membrane for direct methanol fuel cells because of its low methanol permeability and proton conductivity. It is. However, in the case of this membrane, since the electric resistance against hydroxide ions can be made particularly low rather than that of proton, it can be suitably used as the hydroxide ion conduction type fuel cell membrane.
- the ion exchange resin 36 is of a crosslinked type means that the ion exchange resin has a covalently crosslinked structure such as a carbon-carbon bond or a carbon-oxygen bond. Resins that are crosslinked only by ionic bonds or hydrogen bonds are not included in the crosslinked resins in the present invention. The binding properties of these ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds vary depending on the surrounding ionic strength.
- a conventionally known cation exchange group or anion exchange group can be used without any particular limitation.
- examples of the cation exchange group include a sulfonic acid group, a carboxylic acid group, and a phosphonic acid group.
- a sulfonic acid group which is a strongly acidic group is particularly preferred in that the resulting membrane has a high proton conductivity.
- anion exchange groups include primary to tertiary amino groups, quaternary ammonium groups, pyridyl groups, imidazolyl groups, quaternary pyridinium groups, Examples include quaternary imidazolium groups.
- These ion exchange groups have a tertiary nitrogen atom as a nitrogen atom that exhibits an ion exchange function. These nitrogen atoms can coordinate at least one proton (hydrogen ion). Due to this coordination property of the proton, a membrane with low methanol permeability and high proton conductivity can be obtained.
- the cation exchange group and the anion exchange group form a ion complex in the ion exchange resin.
- the ion exchange resin there are a covalent bond formed by a crosslinking agent and an ion bond formed by the ion plex.
- the apparent crosslink density is very high. Since the ion exchange resin has such a high crosslink density, the movement of the methanol in the ion exchange resin is limited.
- Proton can easily move in the ion exchange resin by repeating addition and desorption to both ion exchange groups one after another. Therefore, methanol permeability is low
- the diaphragm for a fuel cell of the present invention has a feature that the amount of ion complex formation is remarkably large.
- at least 40% of the cationic exchange and the anion exchange group based on the number of ion exchange groups with the smaller polarity, form an ion complex with the ion exchange group with the greater polarity (hereinafter referred to as “the ion exchange group”).
- the amount of ion complex formation defined in this way is simply referred to as “ion ⁇ complex formation amount”). It is more preferred that at least 60% form a ion plex, with a small ⁇ and 3 ⁇ 4 8
- 0% forms an ion complex.
- Both cation and anion exchange groups are covalently bonded
- the present invention provides a diaphragm for a fuel cell that has a large amount of ion complex formation in the cross-linked ion exchange resin to be bonded.
- the fuel cell membrane of the present invention Since the ionplexes are formed at such a high rate, the fuel cell membrane of the present invention exhibits the above-described effect of reducing the methanol permeability extremely remarkably. Therefore, if the ion complex formation amount is less than 40%, the effect of reducing the permeability of the mesh is insufficient.
- the ion complex formation amount of the ion exchange membrane can be measured by the following method. That is, first, elemental analysis of the fuel cell membrane of the present invention is performed, and the amount of element derived only from the cation exchange group (for example, sulfur in the case of the sulfonic acid group) and the element derived only from the anion exchange group (for example, Measure the amount of nitrogen). Thereafter, the total amount of each exchange group in the diaphragm (including the amount forming an ion complex) is calculated from the amount of the element obtained by measurement. Next, the ion exchange capacity of the same fuel cell membrane is measured by a standard method. The ion exchange groups forming the ion complex do not function as ion exchange groups.
- the amount of ion complex formation of the groups is obtained. Can be requested.
- the ion complex formation ratio based on the smaller amount of the ion exchange group amount is determined.
- the matrix resin constituting the diaphragm may contain all the constituent elements of the ion-exchange group to be measured.
- the common For the characteristic one of the elements the amount contained in the matrix resin part is determined from the composition ratio of the polymerizable monomer polymerized during film production. Thereafter, the total amount of ion exchange groups to be measured is determined by subtracting the amount of the base resin portion from the amount of the element determined from the elemental analysis.
- the anion exchange group and the cation exchange group form an ion complex. In this state, it becomes easier for the proton to move in the ion exchange resin. As a result, it is considered that further excellent proton conductivity can be expressed as a fuel cell membrane. From the viewpoint of exerting this effect more remarkably, it is most preferable to use a pyridyl group as the anion exchange group.
- an imidazolyl group as the anion exchange group.
- the amount of the polar ion exchange group having the larger one is not particularly limited.
- the amount of the polar ion exchange group having the larger one is not particularly limited.
- 3. O mm ol / g—dry mass or more is preferable, and 4.8 mm ol Z g—dry mass or more is particularly preferable.
- the upper limit of the amount of ion exchange groups is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of ease of production, the upper limit is about 6.0 mm o i Zg—dry mass.
- the ion exchange resin is a low molecular compound derived from a polymerizable monomer having an ion exchange group having a polarity opposite to that of an ion exchange group (unreacted monomer or polymer having a low polymerization degree). ) Is expressed by the amount of ion-exchange groups of the low molecular weight compound.
- One dry mass or less, preferably 0.03 mmo—dry mass or less is preferred.
- the content of the low molecular weight compound can be measured by the following method. That is, first, an elemental analysis of the fuel cell membrane is performed, and the amount of elements derived from only the smaller ion exchange group (for example, nitrogen in the case of a pyridyl group) is determined (all the constituent elements are included in the base material portion). In this case, as described above, the amount contained in the base material part is determined and subtracted from the composition ratio of the polymerizable monomer obtained by synthesizing the ion exchange resin, and the ion exchange group amount is determined from the value.
- the ion exchange group for example, nitrogen in the case of a pyridyl group
- the same fuel cell membrane was immersed in a mixed solution of water and methanol (water: 50% by mass) of sodium hydroxide to extract the low molecular weight compound in the membrane. To do. Then, again, the amount of ion exchange groups with the smaller diaphragm is measured by elemental analysis. The extraction operation is repeated until no change in the amount of ion exchange groups is observed. Thereafter, the content of the low molecular weight compound having an ion exchange group having a polarity opposite to that of the larger ion exchange group is determined from the difference between the last ion exchange group amount and the ion exchange group amount before extraction.
- the content of the low molecular weight compound can also be measured by analyzing the extracted solution of sodium hydroxide by gel permeation chromatography.
- a low molecular weight polymer of a polymerizable monomer having an ion exchange group having a reverse polarity may be prepared in advance, and quantification may be performed using a calibration curve based on the low molecular weight polymer.
- the ion exchange resin used for the membrane for a direct methanol fuel cell has a larger amount of cation exchange groups than the amount of anion exchange groups.
- the fuel cell output is low compared to an ion exchange resin with many cation exchange groups. The reason is ion exchange This is presumably because the movement of the protein in the resin is restricted.
- ion exchange resins for direct methanol fuel cells the following are preferred.
- a force thione exchange capacity measured by a conventional method is preferably 0.1 l 3 mm ol Z g. g is more preferable, 0.3 1.5 mm
- the anion exchange group in the force thione exchange resin is preferably 0.1 mm o 1 / g, more preferably 0.2 2 mm ⁇ 1 / g.
- the ion exchange resin used in the present invention is a cross-linked resin, that is, an ion exchange resin having a covalent cross-link.
- An ion exchange resin is also formed by an ion exchange resin in which a polymer having a cation exchange group and a high molecule having an anion exchange group are simply mixed. Therefore, it has an ionic bond based on the ionic complex.
- an ion exchange resin having only such ion-bonding crosslinks easily swells when contacted with methanol or water and dissolves in an extreme case. Therefore, such an ion exchange resin cannot sufficiently suppress the permeation of methanol.
- Cross-linked ion exchange resins are essentially solvent insoluble. Even if a large amount of ion exchange groups are introduced into the ion exchange resin, the stability of the resin (insoluble in water and methanol, etc.) does not decrease. Therefore, the amount of ion exchange groups introduced can be greatly increased. As a result, Proton conductivity becomes extremely large.
- the cross-linking density of the cross-linked ion exchange resin (which is due to covalent cross-linking) is not particularly limited, but the higher the cross-linking density, Prone conductivity tends to be higher as the permeability of the polyol is lower and the crosslink density is lower.
- the crosslinking density of the crosslinked ion exchange resin is such that 0.1 to 40 moles of a bifunctional polymerizable monomer is blended with 100 moles of any monofunctional synthetic monomer. It is preferable that the crosslinking density is about the same as that obtained by polymerization, and the crosslinking density is about the same as that obtained by combining 1 to 10 moles of a bifunctional polymerizable monomer and superposing them. It is more preferable.
- the method of obtaining the cross-linked ion exchange resin is not limited to the method of copolymerizing the bifunctional polymerizable monomer as described above.
- a method in which a tri- or higher functional polymerizable monomer is copolymerized there is also a method of forming a chain polymer and then adding a monomer that causes a chemical reaction of a type different from the polymerization reaction of the monomer used to bridge between the chain polymer chains.
- the structure of the ion exchange resin is not particularly limited, except that the base material portion has the above-mentioned crosslinked structure. That is, the ion exchange resin may be a base material structure of any known ion exchange resin having a crosslinked structure.
- the base material of the ion exchange resin is preferably a resin mainly composed of carbon and hydrogen in that the manufacturing cost is lower than that of a fluorine-containing base material such as perfluorocarpone sulfonic acid.
- a particularly preferable base material is a polystyrene base material obtained by copolymerizing a styrene polymerizable monomer and a crosslinkable monomer copolymerizable with the styrene monomer.
- the fuel cell membrane of the present invention comprises a porous membrane as a base material, and the ion exchange resin is heterogeneously dispersed in the voids of the porous membrane.
- the two surfaces of the porous membrane are connected by the continuous structure of the cross-linked ion exchange resin filled in the voids of the porous membrane, and the proton passes from one surface of the diaphragm to the other surface through the cross-linked ion exchange resin. Move to.
- the porous membrane reinforces the mechanical strength.
- This diaphragm can increase the physical strength of the fuel cell diaphragm without sacrificing the proton conductivity.
- the porous membrane is not particularly limited as long as it has pores with an average pore diameter of 0.01 to 2 im and at least a part of the pores communicates between the front and back of the porous membrane. Any known porous membrane can be used.
- the porosity (also referred to as porosity) of the porous membrane is preferably 20 to 95%, more preferably 30 to 90%.
- the air permeability (J I S P-8 1 1 7) is preferably not more than 15 500 seconds, particularly preferably not more than 1 00 seconds.
- the thickness is preferably 5 to 15, more preferably 10 to 120 m, and particularly preferably 10 to 70 m. With these configurations, a fuel cell membrane having high proton conductivity and high physical strength can be obtained.
- the surface smoothness of the porous membrane is preferably 10 zm or less in terms of roughness index. More preferably, it is 5 m or less. With this configuration, the adhesion to the gas diffusion electrode is enhanced, and a higher output fuel cell membrane can be obtained.
- the form of the porous membrane is not particularly limited, and a porous film, woven fabric, non-woven fabric, paper, inorganic membrane or the like can be used without limitation.
- the material of the porous membrane is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a thermoplastic resin composition, a thermosetting resin composition, an inorganic material, or a mixture thereof.
- the material of the porous membrane is preferably a thermoplastic resin composition. Use of a thermoplastic resin facilitates the production of a porous membrane. In addition, there is an advantage of high adhesion strength with the aforementioned ion exchange resin.
- thermoplastic resin composition examples include ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 3-methyl-1-butene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 5-methyl-1-heptene, etc.
- Polyolefin resins obtained by homopolymerizing or copolymerizing olefins; polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl chloride, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymers, chloride pinyl-vinylidene chloride copolymers, vinyl chloride-olefin copolymers, etc.
- Resins polytetrafluoroethylene, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkyl alkyl ether ether copolymer, Fluoro-diameter resin such as trafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer; Down 6, made of Polyamide resin is exemplified of such nylon 6 6 It is.
- polyolefin resins are preferred because they are particularly excellent in mechanical strength, chemical stability, and chemical resistance, and are familiar with hydrocarbon ion exchange resins.
- a polyethylene resin or a polypropylene resin is particularly preferable, and a polyethylene resin is most preferable.
- a porous film made of a polyolefin resin is preferable, and a porous film made of a polyethylene resin is more preferable in that the porous film having the average pore diameter is easily available and has excellent strength.
- porous films can be produced by, for example, the methods described in JP-A-9-2 3 5 399, JP-A 2 0 2-3-3 8 7 2 1, and the like.
- commercially available products such as Asahi Kasei “Hypore”, Ube Industries “Yupor”, Tonenyu Pils “Setera”, Nitto Denko “Exepor”, Mitsui Chemicals “Hilet” etc. .
- the water content of the ion exchange resin constituting the fuel cell membrane of the present invention is preferably 5% or more, more preferably 10% or more.
- the water content is less than 5%, the proton conductivity is greatly reduced when the ion exchange resin is dried.
- the water content is maintained at about 5 to 90%, and in many cases about 10 to 80%. .
- the ion exchange resin constituting the fuel cell membrane of the present invention is crosslinked by a covalent bond. Therefore, the insolubility is maintained even when a large amount of cation exchange groups and anion exchange groups are introduced into the ion exchange resin. As a result, a large amount of ion exchange groups can be introduced, and the electrical resistance value of the ion exchange resin to the proton can be made extremely low.
- the electric resistance value for the proton of the ion exchange membrane is set to 0.7 0 G 'cm 2 or less, more preferably 0.40 Q' cm 2 or less, more preferably 0.30 ⁇ ⁇ cm 2 or less (3 mo 1 ZL—electric resistance in sulfuric acid aqueous solution) Can be made smaller.
- the ion exchange resin can extremely reduce the methanol permeability while keeping the electric resistance to the proton small.
- the permeation rate of methanol to an ion exchange membrane with respect to a 100% methanol solution at 25 ° C is l OOO gZm 2 'hr or less, more preferably 10 to 700 g / m 2 'hr, more preferably in the range of 10 to 300 g / m 2 ⁇ hr.
- the fuel cell membrane of the present invention has low electrical resistance to the proton and low methanol permeability. Therefore, when used as a methanol type fuel cell membrane directly, the membrane supplied to the fuel chamber is used. It can be sufficiently reduced that the ethanol penetrates the diaphragm and diffuses into the oxidant chamber. As a result, a high-power fuel cell is obtained, which is preferable.
- the fuel cell membrane according to the present invention may be used as a membrane for other types of solid polymer fuel cells using not only methanol but also hydrogen, ethanol, natural gas, etc. as fuel. It has excellent non-transparency.
- the above explanation mainly assumes a cation exchange membrane having a larger number of cation exchange groups than an anion exchange group.
- an anion exchange membrane having a larger number of anion exchange groups than cation exchange groups the electrical resistance to hydroxide ions is low and the impermeability to fuel is high. It can also be used favorably as a diaphragm for type fuel cells.
- the ion exchange membrane of the present invention can also be applied to a direct methanol fuel cell having another known structure.
- the fuel cell membrane of the present invention may be produced by any method, but is preferably produced by the method described below.
- the first manufacturing method is described below. First, a polymerizable monomer to which a functional group capable of introducing a cation exchange group or a cation exchange group is covalently bonded, and a polymerizable monomer to which a functional group capable of introducing an anion exchange group or an anion exchange group are covalently bonded A polymerizable composition containing a crosslinking agent and a polymerization initiator is brought into contact with the porous membrane to impregnate the polymerizable composition in the voids of the porous membrane.
- the monomer and the crosslinking agent impregnated in the voids are polymerized and cured.
- a functional group capable of introducing a cation exchange group or a functional group capable of introducing an anion exchange group is converted to a cation exchange group and / or an anion exchange group, and one ion exchange group of the opposite polarity is opposite to this. It is introduced so that there are more ion exchange groups.
- an ion complex is formed at a very high rate at the time of preparing the polymerizable composition and at the time of introducing the ion exchange group after the production of the membrane.
- at least 40%, preferably at least 60 which cannot be achieved by the polyion complex ion exchange membrane used in the conventional fuel cell membrane as described above.
- An ion exchange membrane having an ion complex formation rate of at least% can be produced.
- the same polymer chain of the ion exchange resin has A monomer unit having an ion exchange group having a reverse polarity as well as a polar ion exchange group having a larger polarity is copolymerized. Therefore, it is difficult to increase the introduction amount of the former ion exchange group too much.
- the amount of the former ion exchange group is 4.8 mmol Z g —less than the dry mass, more generally, based on the ion exchange resin filled in the voids of the porous membrane. Usually less than 4.3 mmo 1 / g dry mass.
- the polymerizable monomer a radical polymerizable monomer in which the polymerizable group is an ethylenically unsaturated group is preferable.
- the resulting ion exchange resin usually has a hydrocarbon main chain formed by polymerization of the ethylenically unsaturated group, It has a structure in which a side chain having a cation exchange group or an anion exchange group is bonded.
- each ion exchange group bonded to the side chain is preferable because it easily forms an ion complex as compared with a case where the main chain has an ion exchange group.
- radically polymerizable monomers in which such a polymerizable group is an ethylenically unsaturated group, those having a biell group are preferable.
- a polymerizable monomer such as styrene having a vinyl group directly bonded to an aromatic ring is preferable. These monomers are preferred monomers because they are less susceptible to hydrolysis than acrylic monomers.
- polymerization including a polymerizable monomer having a functional group capable of introducing a sulfonic acid group such as an aromatic hydrocarbon group, a polymerizable monomer having a primary to tertiary nitrogen atom, a crosslinking agent and a polymerization initiator.
- the polymerizable composition is brought into contact with the porous membrane, and the polymerizable composition is impregnated into the voids of the porous membrane, then the polymerizable composition is polymerized, and then the aromatic hydrocarbon group of the polymer is removed.
- a sulfonation method is preferred.
- a sulfonic acid group is used as a cation exchange group.
- a ion exchange resin having a group having a primary to tertiary nitrogen atom as a dione exchange group (a primary to tertiary ano group, a pyridyl group, an imidazolyl group, etc.) can be easily produced.
- the polymerizable monomers having primary to tertiary nitrogen atoms are liquid.
- the polymerizable monomer having a sulfonic acid group is usually a solid.
- the porous composition is impregnated with the polymerizable composition, the polymerizable monomer having a solid sulfonic acid group needs to be supplied in the form of a solution using a solvent to the pores of the porous membrane. .
- the use of a solvent decreases the concentration of the polymerizable composition.
- the density of the ion exchange resin filled in the voids of the porous substrate may not be high.
- the ion exchange group density may not be increased.
- the polymerizable monomer having a sulfonic acid group is a liquid, an anion exchange group such as a polymerizable monomer having a sulfonic acid group and a polymerizable monomer having a primary to tertiary nitrogen atom
- an anion exchange group such as a polymerizable monomer having a sulfonic acid group and a polymerizable monomer having a primary to tertiary nitrogen atom
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group is a functional group that can be easily sulfonated. Therefore, a method of polymerizing the polymerizable composition and then sulfonating the aromatic hydrocarbon group of the polymer is a particularly preferable method.
- the polymerizable monomer having an aromatic hydrocarbon group known compounds can be used without particular limitation.
- the polymerizable monomer having an aromatic hydrocarbon group is preferably a styrene derivative (styrene monomer).
- Styrenic monomers do not easily cause undesirable chemical reactions such as hydrolysis during sulfonation or when incorporated in fuel cells.
- Specific examples of the styrenic monomer include: Examples include styrene, vinyl toluene, vinyl xylene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, vinyl naphthalene, and ⁇ -halogenated styrenes.
- the polymerizable monomer having a primary to tertiary nitrogen atom a known monomer having an anion exchange group having the primary to tertiary nitrogen as a constituent element can be used without particular limitation. It is difficult to cause undesirable chemical reactions such as hydrolysis during sulfonation and use in fuel cells, so that styrene derivatives or nitrogen-containing complexes bound with primary to tertiary amino groups are difficult. A ring monomer is preferred.
- Such monomers include amine monomers such as vinylbenzyl dimethylamine and vinylbenzyl jetylamine, and vinylpyridine based monomers such as 2-vinyl pyridine and 4-vinyl pyridine. , 1-Beruimidazole, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic monomers such as Bi-I-Midazole-based monomers such as 2-Methyl-1-Bielmidazole, and their salts ⁇ ) 0
- the force-ion exchange group to be introduced is preferably a pyridyl group.
- the polymerizable monomer having an atom it is particularly preferable to use a vinylepi U gin monomer.
- an imidazolyl group is preferred as the cation exchange group to be introduced. Therefore, it is particularly preferable to use a vinyl imidazole monomer as the polymerizable monomer having the primary to tertiary nitrogen atoms.
- any known crosslinking agent that is copolymerized with the polymerizable monomer as described above to form a crosslinked polymer can be employed.
- examples thereof include divinyl compounds such as divinyl benzenes, divinyl sulfone, butadiene, chloroprene, divinyl biphenyl, trivinyl benzenes, divinyl naphthalene, diarylamine, and divinyl bilidines.
- the polymerization initiator is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound capable of polymerizing the polymerizable monomer, but an organic peroxide is preferable.
- organic peroxides include octanol peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, t-butyl peroxide-2-ethyl hexanoate, benzoyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxide, t-butyl peroxide.
- Examples include xylaurate, t-hexoxyloxybenzoate, and di-t-butyl benzoate.
- the polymerizable composition used in the first production method comprises a polymerizable monomer having an aromatic hydrocarbon group, a polymerizable monomer having primary to tertiary nitrogen atoms, a crosslinking agent, and It is preferable to comprise a polymerization initiator. However, in order to adjust the mechanical strength of the polymer and physical properties such as polymerizability, other components may be added to the polymerizable composition as necessary.
- Good other components include, for example, polymerizable monomers such as acrylonitrile, acryloline, methyl vinyl ketone, dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, dimethyl isophthalate, dibutyl Examples thereof include plasticizers such as chilled dipetate, trityl citrate, acetilt tributyl silicate, and dibutyl sebagate.
- polymerizable monomers such as acrylonitrile, acryloline, methyl vinyl ketone, dibutyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, dimethyl isophthalate, dibutyl
- plasticizers such as chilled dipetate, trityl citrate, acetilt tributyl silicate, and dibutyl sebagate.
- the blending ratio of each of the above components contained in the polymerizable composition is finally a cross-linked resin, and the amount of sulfonic acid groups is 1 to 3 after sulfonation described later.
- the ratio is higher or lower than the anion exchange group such as a secondary amino group.
- aromatic hydrocarbon groups are sulfonated almost quantitatively. Therefore, based on the total amount of all polymerizable monomers to be blended, the polymerizable monomer having an aromatic hydrocarbon group is changed from the polymerizable monomer having a primary to tertiary nitrogen atom. May be added to the polymerizable composition at a rate of 0.1 to 3 mmo 1 /, preferably 0.1 to 2 mmo 1 Zg in excess or deficiency.
- the crosslinking agent is a total of a polymerizable monomer having an aromatic hydrocarbon group, a polymerizable monomer having a primary to tertiary nitrogen atom, and a monofunctional polymerizable monomer blended as an optional component. It is preferable to add 0.1 to 40 mol with respect to 0 mol, and more preferably 1 to: L 0 mol (in the case where the crosslinking agent is bifunctional. In the case where the crosslinking agent is trifunctional) follows the same concept as in the bifunctional case.)
- the blending amount of the polymerization initiator is preferably from 0.1 to 20 parts by weight, more preferably from 0.2 to 10 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the total amount of all polymerizable monomers. Further, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymerizable monomer having a functional group or ion exchange group into which an ion exchange group can be introduced, another monomer copolymerizable with these monomers is added. ⁇ 100 parts by mass, and when adding plasticizers, it is preferable to add 0 to 50 parts by mass.
- the polymerizable composition is brought into contact with the porous membrane so that the polymerizable composition is impregnated in the voids of the porous membrane, and then the polymerizable composition is polymerized. Harden.
- the method for contacting the polymerizable composition with the porous membrane is not particularly limited as long as the polymerizable composition can be impregnated into the voids of the porous membrane.
- Examples thereof include a method of applying or spraying the polymerizable composition to the porous film, or a method of immersing the porous film in the polymerizable composition or a solution or suspension thereof.
- the immersion time depends on the type of porous membrane and the composition of the suspension, but is generally 0.1. Seconds to a few dozen minutes.
- the children's method is not particularly limited, and a known method may be adopted as appropriate depending on the polymerizable monomer and the polymerization initiator used.
- the polymerization method is generally a polymerization method by heating (thermal polymerization). This method is preferable to other polymerization methods because it is easy to operate and allows relatively uniform polymerization.
- the porous film in which the polymerizable composition has penetrated into the voids it is preferable to cover the porous film in which the polymerizable composition has penetrated into the voids with a film such as polyester, and keep the pressure from the outer direction to the inner direction of the film.
- a film such as polyester
- the polymerization temperature is not particularly limited, and known polymerization temperature conditions may be appropriately selected. In general, 50 ° to 50 ° C is preferable, 60 ° to I 20 is more preferable.
- the polymerization time is preferably 10 minutes to 10 hours, more preferably 30 minutes to 6 hours.
- the resulting polymer film is a polymer film in which a crosslinked type anion exchange resin having an anion exchange group containing primary to tertiary nitrogen atoms is dispersed in a porous film.
- the anion exchange group is derived from a polymerizable monomer having primary to tertiary nitrogen atoms used as a raw material.
- This polymerized film further contains an aromatic hydrocarbon group. As described above, the content of the aromatic hydrocarbon group is larger or smaller than that of the anion exchange group.
- a sulfonation method there is a method using a known sulfonating agent.
- the sulfonating agent include concentrated sulfuric acid, fuming sulfuric acid, sulfur dioxide, chlorosulfonic acid and the like, and these can be used without any particular limitation.
- the method for producing the fuel cell membrane of the present invention is not limited to the above-described method, and a method for introducing a polymerizable monomer or ion-exchange group as appropriate according to the type of cation exchange group Z anion exchange group. Can be selected and adopted.
- Polymerizable monomers that can be used in addition to the above methods include monomers having a cation exchange group such as Q! —Halogenated vinyl sulfonic acid, styrene sulfonic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, 2 — (meth) acrylamido.
- Dos 2 — sulfonic acid monomers such as methylpropane sulfonic acid; methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, maleic anhydride, 3 — carboxylic acid monomers such as sulfopropyl (meth) acrylic acid; Examples thereof include phosphonic acid monomers such as berulinic acid and bisphosphonic acid, and acidic group-containing polymerizable monomers such as salts thereof.
- Examples of the polymerizable monomer capable of introducing a cation exchange group include esters of acidic group-containing polymerizable monomers.
- Examples of the polymerizable monomer having an anion exchange group other than a group having a primary to tertiary nitrogen atom include vinylbenzyl trimethylamine salt, vinylbenzyl triethylamine salt, trimethylaminoethyl (meth) actyl. Examples thereof include lauric acid ester salts.
- polymerizable monomers capable of introducing an anion exchange group examples include styrene, Vinyl toluene, chloromethyl styrene, 0; —methyl styrene, vinyl naphthalene, etc.
- polymerizable monomers capable of introducing an anion exchange group examples include styrene, Vinyl toluene, chloromethyl styrene, 0; —methyl styrene, vinyl naphthalene, etc.
- methods for introducing an ion exchange group include known methods such as hydrolysis, phosphonation, esterification and aminolation.
- the ion exchange group is introduced into the polymer film by using a method other than the above-described production method of the present invention after the polymer film is formed, first the force thione exchange group is introduced, and then the anion exchange group is introduced. It is preferable to introduce This is because the introduction reaction of the cation exchange group is carried out in a relatively strong oxidizing atmosphere, and therefore, if an anion exchange group is introduced in advance, the anion exchange group is easily oxidatively decomposed.
- both the cation exchange group and the anion exchange group are covalently bonded to the polymer chain randomly. Have a structure in which they are crosslinked by covalent bonds.
- the fuel cell membrane obtained as described above is washed, cut, etc. as necessary, and used directly as a partition for methanol fuel cells according to a standard method.
- an ion exchange base membrane in which a void portion of a porous membrane is filled with a cross-linked ion exchange resin, and an ion exchange possessed by the ion exchange resin
- the group is brought into contact with a polymerizable monomer having an ion exchange group having a reverse polarity.
- the ion exchange resin is impregnated with the polymerizable monomer, and an ion complex is formed between the ion exchange group of the cross-linked ion exchange resin and the ion exchange group of the polymerizable monomer.
- the formation rate of this ion complex is due to the low molecular weight Since it is carried out using the polymerizable monomer having a large degree of whiteness of movement, the rate becomes extremely high. As a result, it is possible to further increase the rate of formation of the ion-complex formation rate achieved by the first production method described above in the case of a membrane having other conditions. .
- the cross-linked structure of the cross-linked ion exchange resin filled in the voids of the porous membrane is exactly the same as that provided in the fuel cell membrane of the present invention described above.
- an ion exchange resin and a polymerizable monomer having an ion exchange group are brought into contact with each other, it can be prevented from being greatly swollen or dissolved by a polymerizable monomer that is a normal solution.
- the diaphragm can be manufactured stably. Further, since swelling with respect to the polymerizable monomer is suppressed, an excessive amount of the polymerizable monomer having an ion exchange group having a reverse polarity does not penetrate into the cross-linked ion exchange resin, and the membrane resistance is reduced. A low fuel cell membrane can be produced.
- a conventionally known cross-linked ion exchange resin can be applied to the cross-linked ion exchange resin used for the above-mentioned ion exchange raw membrane without any limitation.
- the ion exchange group of the ion exchange resin may be either a cation exchange group or an anion exchange group, but it has a cation exchange group in order to ensure good proton conductivity of the resulting fuel cell membrane. It is preferable that Specific examples of the cation exchange group and the anion exchange group are as already described in the description of the fuel cell membrane of the present invention.
- the ion exchange capacity of the cross-linked ion exchange resin used for the ion exchange membrane is preferably 0.1 to 6 mmol / g.
- cross-linking density of the cross-linked ion exchange resin (by covalent cross-linking), the method of obtaining the cross-linked resin, and the structure of the base material portion are the same as described in the fuel cell membrane of the present invention. You can do it.
- the electrical resistance of the cross-linked ion exchange resin used for the ion exchange membrane to the proton is preferably 0.40 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 2 or less, more preferably 0.30 ⁇ ⁇ cm 2 or less. preferable.
- the electrical resistance value is 3 mo 1 ZL-Expressed as electrical resistance in sulfuric acid aqueous solution.
- the water content of the ion exchange resin is preferably 5% or more, more preferably 10% or more.
- the same porous film as described in the first production method can be used as the porous film serving as the substrate.
- the ion exchange original membrane based on the porous membrane may be produced by any method.
- the composition is impregnated in the voids of the porous membrane. Thereafter, the penetrated polymerizable composition is polymerized and cured.
- ion exchange groups are introduced into the polymerizable composition that has been polymerized and cured.
- the compounds used in the first production method can be used.
- the amount of each compound is the same as that described in the first manufacturing method.
- other components may be added to the polymerizable composition as necessary in order to adjust physical properties such as mechanical strength and polymerizability.
- those used in the first production example can be used, and the blending amounts thereof are also the same.
- the polymerizable composition is brought into contact with the porous membrane to impregnate the polymerizable composition in the voids of the porous membrane, and then the polymerizable composition is used.
- the composition is polymerized and cured. That The method may be performed in the same manner as in the case of contacting the polymerizable composition and the porous membrane in the first production example.
- the polymer membrane obtained as described above is further subjected to a known ion exchange group introduction treatment as necessary to obtain an ion exchange raw membrane.
- the method for introducing the exchange group is the same as that described in the first production example.
- the ion exchange membrane obtained by the above operation is a cross-linked ion exchange membrane in which a thione exchange group such as a sulfone group or an anion exchange group such as a group containing a primary to tertiary nitrogen atom is bonded by a covalent bond. It is an ion exchange membrane in which fat is dispersed in a porous membrane.
- an ion exchange original membrane containing a cross-linked ion exchange resin produced by a method as typified above, and an ion exchange group possessed by the ion exchange original membrane A polymerizable monomer having a reverse ion exchange group by a covalent bond is brought into contact. That is, if the ion exchange group of the ion exchange membrane is a cation exchange group, the polymerizable monomer to be contacted is a polymerizable monomer having an anion exchange group. If the ion exchange group of the ion exchange membrane is an anion exchange group, the polymerizable monomer to be contacted is a polymerizable monomer having a cation exchange group.
- the polymerizable monomer is not particularly limited as long as it has the above-described ion exchange group by a covalent bond.
- the polymerizable monomer and the ion exchange group possessed by the cross-linked ion exchange resin have a high rate. From the viewpoint of forming a plex, if the molecular weight is too large, the degree of freedom of movement in the ion exchange membrane is reduced, and the reactivity may be reduced. It is preferably 2 or less.
- an ion exchange used when producing the above-mentioned cross-linked ion exchange resin is used.
- the fuel cell membrane of the present invention has both an ion exchange group and a force ion exchange group, and has one of the exchange groups more than the other exchange group. That is, any number of anion exchange groups or cation exchange groups may be present.
- the proton conductivity of the obtained fuel cell membrane is such that the ion exchange membrane having more cation exchange groups than the ion exchange groups has the anion exchange groups. It is higher than the ion exchange membrane with more.
- the polymerizable monomer having ion exchange groups to be brought into contact with the ion exchange original membrane is: A polymerizable monomer having an anion exchange group is used.
- the polymerizable monomer having an anion exchange group As the polymerizable monomer having an anion exchange group, the polymerizable monomer having an anion exchange group containing a primary to tertiary nitrogen atom used in the first production method is the first production method. Used in the same way.
- the method of bringing the polymerizable monomer having an ion exchange group into contact with the cross-linked ion exchange resin filled in the ion exchange original membrane is in a form that allows the polymerizable monomer to penetrate into the ion exchange resin.
- the contact may be made in any form.
- the polymerizable monomer is preferably brought into contact with the ion exchange original membrane in a liquid state.
- the polymerizable monomer having an ion exchange group When the polymerizable monomer having an ion exchange group is a liquid, it may be brought into contact with the ion exchange original membrane as it is. However, if the polymerizable monomer permeates more than necessary into the ion exchange membrane, the membrane resistance against the movement of the proton in the resulting membrane may increase excessively. In this case, the polymerizable monomer is diluted with a solvent and brought into contact with the ion exchange membrane. It is preferable to make it.
- the diluting solvent is not particularly limited as long as it can completely dissolve the polymerizable monomer having an ion exchange group.
- alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 1-butanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, etc .
- aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane, cyclohexane, heptane, 1-octane, etc .
- Amines such as toluene; aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene and naphthalene; ketones such as acetone, cyclohexanone and methylethylkenne; ethers such as dibenzyl ether and diethylene glycol dimethyl ether; Halogenated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride, chloroform, and ethylene bromide;
- Aromatic esters of aliphatic and aliphatic acids such as tartaric acid, dioctyl phthalate, dimethyl isophthalate, butyl adipate, triethyl citrate, acetiltyl butyl silicate, dibutyl sebagate; and alkylline
- acid esters etc.
- Diluent solvents may be used in combination of plural kinds as necessary.
- a polymerizable monomer having an ion exchange group may be contacted with the ion exchange original film alone or as a solution of the above various solvents, but a mixture containing a crosslinking agent or a polymerization initiator is contacted with the ion exchange original film. It is preferable to let them. By contacting the mixture, the reactivity during polymerization is improved, and the methanol impermeability of the obtained fuel cell membrane is maintained for a long period of time.
- crosslinking agents and polymerization initiators are not particularly limited, and the crosslinking agents and polymerization initiators used in the production of the above-described crosslinked ion exchange resin can be used.
- the polymerization rate can be adjusted or obtained.
- other polymerizable monomer having no ion exchange group is mixed with a polymerizable monomer having an ion exchange group or a solution thereof. Is also possible.
- the amount of components other than the polymerizable monomer having an ion exchange group is not particularly limited, but the solvent is usually 0 to 2 with respect to 1 part by mass of the polymerizable monomer having an ion exchange group. 0 to 100 parts by mass is preferable.
- the compounding amount of the crosslinking agent is 100 mol based on the total amount of the monofunctional polymerizable monomer having an ion exchange group and the monofunctional polymerizable monomer having no ion exchange group as an optional component. In general, it is 0 to 15 mol, preferably 0 to 10 mol.
- the amount of polymerization initiator to be combined is usually 0 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 0 to 10 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the total amount of all polymerizable monomers.
- the method for bringing the above-mentioned polymerizable monomer having an ion-exchange group into contact with an ion-exchange original membrane filled with a cross-linked ion-exchange resin is particularly limited. There is no. Specifically, a method of applying the mixture to an ion exchange original film, a method of spraying, a method of immersing the ion exchange original film in the mixture, and the like are exemplified. When using the immersion method, the immersion time varies depending on the type of ion exchange membrane and the concentration of the polymerizable monomer having an ion exchange group in the mixture. 1 hour.
- the ion exchange resin since the ion exchange resin has a hydrophilic group, it is usually in a wet state containing moisture. When the wet ion exchange membrane is dried at room temperature and normal pressure for about 24 hours and then brought into contact with the polymerizable monomer or a solution thereof, the polymerizable monomer having an ion exchange group is contained in the ion exchange membrane. Easy to penetrate. Therefore, it is desirable to dry the ion exchange membrane before contact. In the second method for producing a membrane for a fuel cell, the polymerizable monomer having the ion exchange group that has permeated into the ion exchange original membrane is then polymerized.
- the polymerization method is not particularly limited, and a known method can be appropriately employed depending on the polymerizable monomer (and the polymerization initiator) used.
- a method of heating and polymerizing is common. This method is preferable to other methods because it is easy to operate and can be polymerized relatively uniformly.
- the surface of the ion exchange membrane is covered with a film of polyester or the like, and then pressurized from the outside of the film toward the ion exchange membrane It is more preferable to carry out the polymerization in such a state.
- the polymerizable composition that has excessively penetrated into the porous membrane is removed, and a thin and uniform polymer membrane can be obtained.
- the polymerization temperature is not particularly limited, and known polymerization temperature conditions may be appropriately selected. In general, it is preferably from 50 to 1550, more preferably from 60 to 120 ° C.
- the polymerization time is preferably 10 minutes to 10 hours, more preferably 30 minutes to 6 hours.
- the ion exchange resin filled in the voids of the porous membrane includes a cross-linked ion exchange resin in which a force thione exchange group or an anion exchange group is covalently bonded to a polymer chain, and the cross-linked ion exchange resin.
- An ion exchange group having a polarity opposite to that of the ion exchange group is covalently bonded to the polymer chain.
- the fuel cell membrane produced by the above production method of the present invention can be used as it is incorporated in the fuel cell.
- the second production method it is possible to polymerize a polymerizable monomer having an ion exchange group having a reverse polarity, which has been permeated into a cross-linked ion exchange resin in an ion exchange membrane, in a nearly complete state. It is difficult to leave low molecular weight compounds such as the unreacted polymerizable monomer and a polymer having a low polymerization degree. Such a low molecular weight polymer having an ion exchange group having a reverse polarity particularly significantly reduces the activity of the fuel cell catalyst. Accordingly, in the fuel cell membrane produced by the second production method, such membrane cleaning treatment is extremely effective, and this treatment results in a low molecular weight having a reverse polarity ion exchange group.
- the content of the compound, expressed as the amount of ion-exchange groups is preferably 0.05 mmol Zg—dry mass or less, more preferably 0.03 mmol_g—dry mass or less.
- a basic solution or an acidic solution is used to increase the washing efficiency. It is effective to wash as a washing liquid.
- the specific method of washing may be washed with a basic solution when the ion exchange group of the monomer of the low molecular weight compound is an anion exchange group.
- the basic solution is 0.05 to 3 mo 1
- a solution of alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, methanol, ethanol, or a mixed solvent thereof is preferred.
- the ion exchange group of the low molecular weight compound When the ion exchange group of the low molecular weight compound is a cation exchange group, it may be washed with an acidic solution.
- an acidic solution it is preferable to use 0.05 to 3 mol mol of water such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, methanol, ethanol, or a mixed solvent thereof.
- the cleaning liquid is preferably used in an amount of about 100 to 500 parts by mass with respect to 1 part by mass of the fuel cell membrane.
- the temperature of the cleaning solution is 20 to 100 ° C.
- the electric resistance value with respect to the proton of the obtained fuel cell diaphragm is usually 0.5 ⁇ ⁇ in the former method. ⁇ 2 or less, or 0.35 Q ′ cm 2 or less (3 mo 1 / L—electric resistance in sulfuric acid aqueous solution).
- the latter method usually 0. 7 0 Q 'cm 2 or less, still more equal to or less than 0. 4 0 ⁇ ⁇ cm 2.
- the permeability to 100% methanol solution at 25 ° C is usually less than 1 00 0 0 g / m 2 'hr, especially 1 0 to 700 0 g Zm 2 ' hr. Become. In the latter method, it is usually 5 00 g / m 2 'hr or less, particularly 10 to 300 g / m 2 ' hr.
- the fuel cell membrane of the present invention obtained by the method described above has either one of the anion exchange groups or cation exchange groups more than the other.
- the cation exchange group is more than the anion exchange group, it is particularly preferred as a proton conduction type fuel cell membrane.
- the amount of anion exchange groups and cation exchange groups is the same or when there are many anion exchange groups, the movement of the hydrogen ions is restricted. However, it may be difficult to obtain a sufficient fuel cell output.
- even such a membrane is useful as a hydroxide ion-conducting membrane for a fuel cell, as described above, in the case of a membrane having many anion exchange groups.
- the cation exchange capacity of the cation exchange membrane having more cation exchange groups than the anion exchange groups is 0.1 to 3 mm o 1 / g as measured by a conventional method, and particularly preferably 0.1. ⁇ 2 mm o 1 / g.
- the absolute amount of the anion exchange group in the diaphragm is preferably 0.1 l S mmol Zg, more preferably 0.2 to 2 mmolg.
- the monomer concentration there is a method of adjusting the contact time, using a non-polymerizable ion-exchangeable compound such as pyridine as a solvent, washing and removing pyridine with a solvent after impregnation, adjusting the contact time, etc. .
- a non-polymerizable ion-exchangeable compound such as pyridine as a solvent
- the fuel cell membrane was immersed in a 1 mo 1 / L -HC 1 aqueous solution for 10 hours or longer to obtain a hydrogen ion type.
- This hydrogen ion type diaphragm is o 1 / L — It was immersed in an aqueous solution of Na C 1 to replace it with the sodium ion type. Hydrogen ions liberated by the substitution were quantified using an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (Amo1).
- a potentiometric titrator (COMTITE-900, manufactured by Hiranuma Sangyo Co., Ltd.) was used.
- the same diaphragm was immersed in an lmo1 / L-HC1 aqueous solution for 4 hours or more, and then thoroughly washed with ion-exchanged water.
- the tissue surface was wiped off the moisture on the tissue surface, and the wet mass (W g) was measured.
- the diaphragm was dried under reduced pressure at 60 for 5 hours, and its mass was measured (Dg). Based on the above measured values, the ion exchange capacity and water content were determined by the following equations.
- the fuel cell membrane was immersed in a 1 mol / L-HC1 aqueous solution for more than 10 hours to form a hydrogen ion type. Thereafter, the diaphragm was sufficiently washed with ion-exchanged water, and dried under reduced pressure at 60 ° C. for 5 hours. Infrared spectroscopy confirmed that sulfonic acid (or its salt) group and pyridyl (or pyridinium) group or amino (or ammonium) group were introduced.
- the membrane was subjected to elemental analysis, and the cation exchange group content was calculated from the sulfur (S) content, and the anion exchange group content was calculated from the nitrogen (N) content.
- a 20 cm ⁇ 20 cm porous membrane was dried under reduced pressure at 60 for 5 hours, and its mass was measured.
- the diaphragm for the fuel cell of the present invention was prepared according to the example.
- the obtained fuel cell membrane is immersed in lmo 1 / L-HC 1 aqueous solution for more than 10 hours. To make it a hydrogen ion type. Thereafter, the membrane was sufficiently washed with ion-exchanged water, dried under reduced pressure at 60 ° C. for 5 hours, and the mass of the membrane for fuel cells was measured.
- the content of the ion exchange resin in the fuel cell membrane was determined from the difference between the mass of the porous membrane used and the mass of the fuel cell membrane.
- the amount of cation exchange group based on ion exchange resin was calculated from the amount of cation exchange group and the content of ion exchange resin.
- the ratio of the amount of ion complex formed with respect to the smaller amount of ion exchange groups was calculated by the following equation.
- C 1 Cation exchange capacity [m m o 1 / g—dry mass]
- C 2 Cation exchange group amount [m m o l Z g—dry mass]
- a 2 Anion exchange group amount [mm o l / g—dry mass]
- a fuel cell membrane was placed in the center of a two-chamber cell equipped with a platinum black electrode, and 3 mol / L-sulfuric acid aqueous solution was filled on both sides of the membrane.
- the resistance between the platinum black electrodes at 25 ° C was measured using an AC bridge (frequency: 100 cycles / second) circuit.
- the diaphragm resistance value was obtained from the difference between the resistance value between the electrodes and the resistance value between the electrodes when the diaphragm was not sandwiched.
- the diaphragm used for the above measurement was previously immersed in a 3 m o 1 ZL-sulfuric acid aqueous solution and brought into an equilibrium state.
- methanol permeability was calculated by the following equation.
- the diaphragm used for the above measurement was previously immersed in an l m o 1 ZL-hydrochloric acid aqueous solution and brought into an equilibrium state.
- Carbon paper with a thickness of 100 ⁇ m and a porosity of 80% was prepared by water-repellent treatment with polytetrafluoroethylene.
- the force pump rack supported at 50% by mass was mixed with a solution of 5% perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid in alcohol-water (trade name Nafion, manufactured by DuPont). This mixture was applied to the carbon paper so that the catalyst amount was 2 mg Z cm 2 . This was dried under reduced pressure at 80 ° C. for 4 hours to obtain a gas diffusion electrode.
- the above gas diffusion electrodes were set on both sides of the fuel cell membrane that had been immersed in an lmo 1 / L-hydrochloric acid aqueous solution and brought into an equilibrium state. Then, 100 ° C ⁇ C, pressure 5 MP The film was hot-pressed for 100 seconds under the pressure of a and then allowed to stand at room temperature for 2 minutes.
- a fuel cell with the structure shown in Fig. 1 was manufactured using a membrane with a gas diffusion electrode. Obtained fuel cell The cell temperature was set to 25 ° C., and 20 mass% aqueous methanol solution was supplied to the fuel chamber, and oxygen at atmospheric pressure was supplied to the oxidizer chamber at 200 ml / min. The diaphragm was evaluated by measuring the cell terminal voltage at current densities of 0 AZ cm 2 and 0.1 AZ cm 2 .
- the fuel cell membrane was immersed in a 0.5 mol mol of sodium hydroxide in water / methanol mixed solution (water: 50 mass%) for 10 hours at room temperature. Next, the fuel cell membrane was taken out, washed with ion exchange water, and the amount of anion exchange groups was measured by elemental analysis of nitrogen. The above operation was repeated several times until no decrease in the amount of the anion exchange group was observed.
- the content of the low molecular weight compound having an ion exchange group with a reverse polarity was determined from the difference between the amount of the anion exchange group obtained at the end and the amount of the anion exchange group before immersion in the sodium hydroxide solution.
- the monomer composition shown in Table 1 was obtained. Put 400 g of these monomer compositions in a 500 ml glass container and apply the porous membrane (A or B, 20 cm x 20 cm each) shown in Table 1 to each monomer composition. Soaked in.
- the porous film A or B is taken out from the monomer composition, covered on both sides of the porous film with a polyester film (peeling material) having a thickness of 100 tm, and then placed in the autoclave. in, 0. 2 9 MP a (3 kg / cm 2) under pressure, in a nitrogen, it was heated polymerized 8 0-5 hours.
- a polyester film peeleling material
- the obtained film-like material was made up of 98% concentrated sulfuric acid and 90% purity or higher.
- a membrane for a fuel cell was obtained by immersing in a 1: 1 mixture of sulfonic acid at 40 to 60 minutes for sulfonation.
- Example 6 Using the monomer composition of Example 6 in Table 1 and a porous membrane, an ion exchange membrane having a sulfonic acid group and a pyridyl group was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. Next, this ion exchange membrane is immersed in a 1: 3 (mass ratio) mixture of methyl iodide and n-hexane at 30 for 24 hours to make the pyridyl group a quaternary pyridinium group for a fuel cell. A diaphragm was obtained.
- a membrane for a fuel cell was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the monomer composition and porous membrane shown in Table 1 were used.
- Polyether ether ketone (manufactured by Victrex) was sulfonated in 98% sulfuric acid for 72 hours.
- the resulting solution containing the sulfonated polyether ether ketone is poured into ion-exchanged water to precipitate the sulfonated polyether ether ketone, and further washed twice with ion-exchanged water. It was dried under reduced pressure for an hour.
- the resulting sulfonated polyetheretherketon had a cation exchange capacity of 2. l m m o l / g.
- this cast solution was cast on a glass plate, dried at room temperature for 24 hours, and then dried at 60 ° C. for 5 hours.
- the resulting cast film was immersed in a 0.5 m o 1 Z L-sulfuric acid aqueous solution for 12 hours to remove excess ammonia.
- a membrane for a fuel cell in which a polyion complex was formed was obtained.
- Example 5 Except for using the monomer composition and porous membrane shown in Table 5, the same operation as in Example 1 was performed to obtain an ion exchange membrane having a sulfonic acid group and a chloromethyl group which is a precursor of an anion exchange group. It was.
- the membrane for fuel cells of the present invention was obtained.
- the monomer composition shown in Table 7 was obtained. 400 g of these monomer compositions were put into a 500 ml glass container, and porous membranes A (each 20 cm ⁇ 20 cm) shown in Table 1 were immersed in each monomer composition.
- these porous membranes are taken out from the monomer composition, covered with a polyester film (peeling material) having a thickness of 100 m on both sides of the porous membrane, and then S kg Z cm in the autoclave. Under the pressure of 2, the mixture was polymerized by heating at 4 3 for 3 hours and then at 75 for 2 hours in nitrogen. The resulting membrane was sulfonated by immersion in a 1: 1 mixture of 98% concentrated sulfuric acid and 90% pure chlorosulfonic acid at 40 ° C for 60 minutes to form a membrane for fuel cells. Got.
- a diaphragm for a fuel cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the heating polymerization conditions in Example 10 were changed to 90 ° C. for 5 hours.
- A Made of polyethylene with a weight average molecular weight of 250,000, film thickness of 25 m, average pore diameter of 0.03 / m, porosity of 3 7%
- composition parts by mass
- A Made of polyethylene having a weight average molecular weight of 250,000, a film thickness of 25 tm, an average pore diameter of 0.03 / m, and a porosity of 3 7%
- St Styrene CMS: Chloromethylstyrene
- Example 7 2.0 4.7 0.2 1.8 99 26 0.12 28 500 0.77 0.34
- A Made of polyethylene with a weight average molecular weight of 250,000, a film thickness of 25 II m, an average pore size of 0.03 ⁇ m, and a porosity of 3 7%
- Example 9 1.8 4.3 0.2 1.7 50 18 0.16 26 500 0.77 0.32
- these porous membranes were taken out from the monomer composition, covered with 100 m polyester film (peeling material) on both sides of the porous membrane, and then 0.2% in the autoclave. Polymerization was carried out by heating at 80 ° C. for 5 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere under a pressure of 9 MPa (3 kg / cm 2 ).
- the obtained membrane was immersed in a 1: 1 mixture of 98% concentrated sulfuric acid and 90% or higher purity chlorosulfonic acid at 40 ° C for 60 minutes to form a crosslinked cation exchange resin.
- a crosslinked cation exchange resin was obtained in a porous membrane.
- Table 9 shows the cation exchange capacity, water content, and membrane resistance of the obtained cation exchange membrane.
- the cation exchange membrane of Production Example 1 was dried at room temperature for 24 hours, and then immersed in a liquid containing a polymerizable monomer having an ion exchange group shown in Table 10 for 30 minutes at room temperature.
- Example 1 Fuel cell membranes of 9, 20 and 0.1 g of 0.5 mol Zl of sodium hydroxide in water-methanol mixed solution (water: 50% by mass) in 50 g, 1 at room temperature Soaked for 0 hours. After removing the diaphragm, it was washed with ion exchange water and then dried at room temperature for 10 hours to obtain a fuel cell diaphragm of the present invention.
- Table 11 shows the characteristics of these fuel cell membranes.
- the cation exchange membrane of Production Example 1 was dried at room temperature for 24 hours, and then immersed in a liquid containing a polymerizable monomer having an ion exchange group shown in Table 10 for 30 minutes at room temperature.
- the ion exchange membrane is taken out from the monomer composition, covered with a 100 m polyester film (peeling material) on both sides of the cation exchange membrane, and then 0.29 MPa (Polymerization was carried out by heating at 80 ° C. for 5 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere under a pressure of 3 kg / cm 2 ).
- 0.1 g of the obtained polymer was soaked in methanol for 2 hours, and then mixed with 0.5 g of water / methanol solution of 0.5 mo 1/1 sodium hydroxide (water: 50% by mass) in 50 g. Soaked at room temperature for 10 hours. After removing the diaphragm, it was washed with ion-exchanged water, and then dried at room temperature for 10 hours to obtain a fuel cell diaphragm of the present invention.
- Example 13 Except that the cation exchange membrane of Production Example 2 or 3 was used and the polymerizable monomer composition shown in Table 10 was used, the same procedure as in Example 13 was performed. A bright fuel cell membrane was obtained.
- the cation exchange membranes of Production Examples 1 and 3 were used as fuel cell membranes as they were. Table 11 shows the results of evaluating the characteristics of these fuel cell membranes. Table 2 shows the results of using the cation exchange membrane of Production Example 2 as a fuel cell membrane as it is.
- a membrane for a fuel cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 13 except that Nafion 1 1 7 (manufactured by DuPont) was used as an ion exchange membrane. The characteristics of this fuel cell membrane were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 11. Comparative Examples 7 and 8
- the cation exchange membrane of Production Example 1 was immersed for 7 hours at room temperature in a 1.0% by mass methanol solution of poly (4-pinylpyridine) having the molecular weight shown in Table 12. Next, the cation exchange membrane was taken out of the solution, washed by immersing in methanol for 2 hours, and then dried under reduced pressure at room temperature for 10 hours and at 40 ° C. for 5 hours to obtain a membrane for a fuel cell.
- Table 13 shows the results of evaluating the characteristics of these fuel cell membranes.
- a membrane for a fuel cell was prepared by impregnating poly (vinyl pyridine) in Naf ion 1 1 7 in the same manner as in Comparative Example 12 except that Naf ion 1 1 7 (manufactured by DuPont) was used.
- Table 13 shows the results of evaluating the characteristics of these fuel cell membranes.
- A Made of polyethylene with a weight average molecular weight of 250,000, film thickness 25 m, 2 average pore diameter 0.03 m, porosity 37%
- P 1 molecular weight 500,000, manufactured by A 1 drich
- P 2 molecular weight 60,000, manufactured by Aldrich
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
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JP2006535211A JP4989226B2 (ja) | 2004-09-10 | 2005-09-09 | 燃料電池用隔膜、及びその製造方法 |
EP05783348A EP1796194B1 (en) | 2004-09-10 | 2005-09-09 | Separation membrane for fuel battery and process for producing the same |
US11/574,937 US7868051B2 (en) | 2004-09-10 | 2005-09-09 | Separation membrane for fuel battery and process for producing the same |
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US (1) | US7868051B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1796194B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4989226B2 (ja) |
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WO (1) | WO2006028292A1 (ja) |
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JP2010045024A (ja) * | 2008-07-15 | 2010-02-25 | Kyoto Univ | アニオン伝導性電解質樹脂及びその製造方法 |
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US9325027B2 (en) | 2010-06-18 | 2016-04-26 | Shandong Huazia Shenzhou New Material Co., Ltd. | Preparation method of fluorine-containing ionomer composite material with ion exchange function |
KR101860541B1 (ko) | 2016-08-29 | 2018-05-23 | 전남대학교산학협력단 | 가교고분자전해질 복합막 제조방법, 그 방법으로 제조된 복합막 및 상기 복합막을 포함하는 에너지저장장치 |
JP2021526715A (ja) * | 2018-05-24 | 2021-10-07 | トーレ・アドバンスド・マテリアルズ・コリア・インコーポレーテッドToray Advanced Materials Korea Incorporated | バナジウムイオン低透過を目的とする細孔充填型両性膜及びその製造方法 |
JP6993522B2 (ja) | 2018-05-24 | 2022-01-13 | トーレ・アドバンスド・マテリアルズ・コリア・インコーポレーテッド | バナジウムイオン低透過を目的とする細孔充填型両性膜及びその製造方法 |
WO2021215126A1 (ja) * | 2020-04-24 | 2021-10-28 | 旭化成株式会社 | レドックスフロー電池用隔膜、レドックスフロー電池用隔膜の製造方法、レドックスフロー電池用隔膜電極接合体、レドックスフロー電池用セル、及びレドックスフロー電池 |
JP6971431B1 (ja) * | 2020-04-24 | 2021-11-24 | 旭化成株式会社 | レドックスフロー電池用隔膜、レドックスフロー電池用隔膜の製造方法、レドックスフロー電池用隔膜電極接合体、レドックスフロー電池用セル、及びレドックスフロー電池 |
US11923584B2 (en) | 2020-04-24 | 2024-03-05 | Asahi Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha | Membrane for redox flow battery, method for producing membrane for redox flow battery, membrane electrode assembly for redox flow battery, cell for redox flow battery, and redox flow battery |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP1796194B1 (en) | 2011-11-02 |
JPWO2006028292A1 (ja) | 2008-05-08 |
US20080226960A1 (en) | 2008-09-18 |
KR20070057171A (ko) | 2007-06-04 |
US7868051B2 (en) | 2011-01-11 |
EP1796194A1 (en) | 2007-06-13 |
EP1796194A4 (en) | 2010-07-07 |
JP4989226B2 (ja) | 2012-08-01 |
KR101217947B1 (ko) | 2013-01-02 |
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