WO2005049516A1 - 光ファイバ裸線の線引方法、光ファイバ素線の製造方法、光ファイバ素線 - Google Patents
光ファイバ裸線の線引方法、光ファイバ素線の製造方法、光ファイバ素線 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005049516A1 WO2005049516A1 PCT/JP2004/017066 JP2004017066W WO2005049516A1 WO 2005049516 A1 WO2005049516 A1 WO 2005049516A1 JP 2004017066 W JP2004017066 W JP 2004017066W WO 2005049516 A1 WO2005049516 A1 WO 2005049516A1
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- Prior art keywords
- optical fiber
- bare
- cooling
- hydrogen
- preform
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 324
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title description 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 72
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 72
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 67
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 56
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 41
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 41
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 41
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 30
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 29
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 27
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 25
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 14
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 9
- UHESRSKEBRADOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl carbamate;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.CCOC(N)=O UHESRSKEBRADOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004613 tight binding model Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005033 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 K. Mochizuki Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101150027973 hira gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002074 melt spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004017 vitrification Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/02—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor
- C03B37/025—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor from reheated softened tubes, rods, fibres or filaments, e.g. drawing fibres from preforms
- C03B37/0253—Controlling or regulating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/02—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor
- C03B37/025—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor from reheated softened tubes, rods, fibres or filaments, e.g. drawing fibres from preforms
- C03B37/027—Fibres composed of different sorts of glass, e.g. glass optical fibres
- C03B37/02718—Thermal treatment of the fibre during the drawing process, e.g. cooling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/01—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments
- C03B37/02—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor
- C03B37/025—Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor from reheated softened tubes, rods, fibres or filaments, e.g. drawing fibres from preforms
- C03B37/029—Furnaces therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C13/00—Fibre or filament compositions
- C03C13/04—Fibre optics, e.g. core and clad fibre compositions
- C03C13/045—Silica-containing oxide glass compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2201/00—Type of glass produced
- C03B2201/06—Doped silica-based glasses
- C03B2201/20—Doped silica-based glasses doped with non-metals other than boron or fluorine
- C03B2201/23—Doped silica-based glasses doped with non-metals other than boron or fluorine doped with hydroxyl groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2205/00—Fibre drawing or extruding details
- C03B2205/40—Monitoring or regulating the draw tension or draw rate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2205/00—Fibre drawing or extruding details
- C03B2205/56—Annealing or re-heating the drawn fibre prior to coating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B2205/00—Fibre drawing or extruding details
- C03B2205/60—Optical fibre draw furnaces
- C03B2205/72—Controlling or measuring the draw furnace temperature
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2201/00—Glass compositions
- C03C2201/06—Doped silica-based glasses
- C03C2201/20—Doped silica-based glasses containing non-metals other than boron or halide
- C03C2201/23—Doped silica-based glasses containing non-metals other than boron or halide containing hydroxyl groups
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
- Y02P40/57—Improving the yield, e-g- reduction of reject rates
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for drawing a bare optical fiber, a method for manufacturing an optical fiber using the same, and an optical fiber obtained by the method for manufacturing an optical fiber.
- a method for drawing an optical fiber bare wire for manufacturing an optical fiber having a small absorption loss due to OH groups a method for manufacturing an optical fiber wire using the same, and a method for manufacturing this optical fiber wire.
- optical fibers which can be applied to low-density wavelength division multiplexing (Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing, hereinafter abbreviated as "CWDM") transmission and have a small loss (absorption loss due to OH group) in a wavelength of 1380 nm, have attracted attention.
- CWDM Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing
- An optical fiber having a small absorption loss due to an OH group not only enables an inexpensive CWDM transmission system to be constructed, but also has a manufacturing cost substantially equal to that of a normal single mode fiber. For this reason, this optical fiber has great cost advantages, and is being researched and developed by each company and commercialized.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing an optical fiber manufacturing apparatus used in a conventional method for manufacturing an optical fiber.
- reference numeral 31 denotes a spinning furnace.
- an optical fiber preform 32 is mounted movably in the axial direction, and the lower end of the optical fiber preform 32 is melt-spun.
- an optical fiber preform 32 mainly composed of silica-based glass is housed in a spinning furnace 31, and argon (Ar), helium (He), etc.
- the tip is heated to about 2000 ° C at a high temperature and melt-spun to obtain a bare optical fiber 33 with an outer diameter of 125 m.
- the bare optical fiber 33 is fed to a mechanism for gradually cooling the optical fiber such as an annealing furnace 34 (hereinafter referred to as "slow cooling mechanism"), and the cooling rate of the bare optical fiber 33 is changed. Cool slowly.
- a mechanism for gradually cooling the optical fiber such as an annealing furnace 34 (hereinafter referred to as "slow cooling mechanism")
- the bare optical fiber 33 that has exited the annealing furnace 34 is cooled to a temperature suitable for forming a coating layer in the next step.
- a cooling gas such as helium or nitrogen gas is supplied by using a cooling force for naturally cooling the atmosphere around the bare optical fiber, or a cooling cylinder 35, thereby forcibly cooling.
- the cooled optical fiber 33 is cooled by a resin coating device 36 and a UV lamp 37 to protect the bare optical fiber 33, such as ultraviolet curable resin. That is, it is covered with a coating layer composed of a primary coating layer and a secondary coating layer, and becomes an optical fiber 38 having an outer diameter of 250 m.
- the optical fiber 38 is turned in another direction by a turn pulley 39, and is taken up by a take-up drum 42 via a take-up machine 40 and a dancer roll 41.
- the method for providing the coating layer on the bare optical fiber 33 is as follows.
- a resin for forming the primary coating layer and a resin for forming the secondary coating layer are provided in one resin coating apparatus. After applying by 36, these resins can be cured only by one UV lamp 37.
- the resin for forming the primary coating layer and the resin for forming the secondary coating layer are different from each other.
- After curing the resin with a single UV lamp apply the resin for forming the primary coating layer with the first resin coating device, and then apply this resin to the first UV lamp. And then applying a resin for forming a secondary coating layer with a second resin coating device, and then curing the resin with a second UV lamp.
- Patent Document 4 a substrate tube, a cladding layer inside the substrate tube, and a core layer inside the cladding layer are provided, and a barrier layer is provided between the substrate tube and the cladding layer.
- An optical fiber preform and a method for manufacturing an optical fiber using the optical fiber preform have been proposed.
- This noria layer is formed by depositing a substance with a low diffusion coefficient of OH group between the substrate tube and the clad layer, and penetrates into the OH-based layer remaining in the substrate tube ⁇ rad layer. Is preventing that.
- Patent Document 5 a first core having an outer diameter D is deposited so as to surround a core having an outer diameter d by a vapor phase axial deposition method, and a porous core rod satisfying a relational expression of DZd ⁇ 4.0.
- the porous core rod is dehydrated, the OH group concentration is reduced to 0.8 wtppb or less, the core rod is clarified to form a core rod, and the clarified core rod is heated and stretched.
- a second clad is deposited by vapor deposition, and the second clad is dehydrated so that the OH group concentration becomes 50 wtppm or less, and is made transparent to produce an optical fiber preform.
- There has been proposed a method for manufacturing an optical fiber in which after drawing, the fiber is held in a deuterium gas atmosphere for a predetermined time.
- Patent Document 6 describes a method for producing an optical fiber in which a raw material gas is reacted to form an aggregate of glass fine particles, and the aggregate of glass fine particles is sintered to obtain a transparent glass.
- Oxygen gas containing 1 mol% -20 mol% of chlorine or chlorine compound In the atmosphere, the glass fine particle aggregate does not shrink significantly.
- the first heating process in which the dewatering treatment is performed first, and then the second heating process in which the temperature is raised to the vitrification temperature A way to go through is suggested.
- the method for manufacturing an optical fiber proposed in Patent Documents 4 to 16 has a problem that the absorption loss due to OH groups increases depending on the drawing conditions of the optical fiber. In addition, there is a problem that the production cost increases.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-2002-338289
- Patent Document 2 JP 2002-321936 A
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-335933
- Patent Document 4 JP-T-2002-535238
- Patent Document 5 JP-A-2002-187733
- Patent Document 6 Japanese Patent No. 2549615
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has a reduced manufacturing cost, a method of drawing an optical fiber bare wire having a small loss in a 1380 nm wavelength band, and a method of manufacturing an optical fiber wire using the same.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an optical fiber obtained by the method for manufacturing an optical fiber.
- the present invention provides a step of melting a preform of an optical fiber using a heating means to draw a bare optical fiber, and after the step of heating and melting, the step of melting the bare optical fiber.
- Natural heating or forced cooling by a cooling means wherein in the heating and melting step, the temperature history during drawing to the bare optical fiber of the optical fiber preform in the heating means is heated by the heating means.
- T (min) be the time during which the heated and fused portion of the molten optical fiber preform reaches a temperature of 1800 ° C or higher
- X (wtppm) be the concentration of OH groups in the cladding layer of the optical fiber preform.
- the present invention provides a method for drawing a bare optical fiber, which satisfies the relational expression of T ⁇ 0.01X + 12.
- the optical fiber before the heating and melting step The concentration of OH groups in the cladding layer of the base material X (wtppm), the thermal dissociation coefficient of hydrogen from the OH group in the drawing and Y (wt%), Y ⁇ - 8 X 10- 5 ⁇ + 0 It is preferable to satisfy the relational expression 0.6.
- the present invention provides a step of melting an optical fiber preform by using a heating means and drawing out an optical fiber bare wire, and after the heating and melting step, the optical fiber bare wire is naturally cooled or cooled by a cooling means.
- the cooling rate of the bare optical fiber is 6000 ° from the time when the bare optical fiber being drawn reaches a temperature of less than 1800 ° C until the outer diameter of the bare optical fiber becomes constant. It is preferable to provide a step of making the CZsec or more.
- the cooling step preferably includes a step of increasing the cooling rate of the bare optical fiber than the cooling rate of air after the outer diameter of the bare optical fiber being drawn becomes constant. .
- the present invention provides an optical fiber manufactured by the above method for manufacturing an optical fiber.
- the optical fiber having the above configuration preferably has a loss at a wavelength of 1383nm of 0.31dBZkm or less.
- the method for producing an optical fiber strand of the present invention it is possible to obtain an optical fiber strand having a small loss in the 1380 nm wavelength band without dehydrating the cladding layer of the optical fiber preform. Therefore, the number of manufacturing steps can be reduced, and the manufacturing time and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
- the residual OH group concentration in the clad layer depending on the degree of dehydration and the variation in the residual OH group concentration due to manufacturing variations are adjusted by adjusting the drawing condition T (min) to determine the residual OH group power.
- T (min) the drawing condition
- the amount of generated hydrogen can be reduced, and the diffusion of generated hydrogen can be reduced, so that the loss in the 1380 nm wavelength band can be adjusted. This increases yield and results
- the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
- FIG. 1 OH group concentration distribution at a position relative to the center of the optical fiber preform and OH group concentration at a position relative to the central force of the bare optical fiber obtained by drawing the optical fiber preform. It is a graph which shows a degree distribution.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing a temperature change of a molten portion of an optical fiber preform.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing a loss wavelength characteristic of an optical fiber.
- FIG. 5 Distribution of hydrogen concentration generated by thermal divergence of OH base force at a relative position from the center of optical fiber preform, and relative to central force of bare optical fiber obtained by drawing optical fiber preform.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing a region affecting a loss at a wavelength of 1383 nm from a relationship between a concentration distribution of hydrogen generated by thermal divergence from an OH group at a position and an incident light intensity.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing an apparatus for manufacturing an optical fiber used in the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing an optical fiber manufacturing apparatus used in a conventional optical fiber manufacturing method.
- the cause of the increase in the loss of the optical fiber at the wavelength of 1380 nm is that the loss of hydrogen generated due to the diffusion of OH groups and thermal dissociation from OH groups Diffusion and the difference between the recombination rate of NBOHC and the binding rate of hydrogen and NBOHC at each temperature are listed.
- FIG. 1 shows the OH group concentration distribution at a position relative to the center of the optical fiber preform and the OH group concentration at a position relative to the center of the bare optical fiber obtained by melt-spinning the optical fiber preform. It is a graph which shows distribution.
- Figure 2 shows the hydrogen concentration distribution generated by thermal divergence from the OH group at the relative position from the center of the optical fiber preform, and the relative position from the center of the bare optical fiber obtained by drawing the optical fiber preform.
- 5 is a graph showing the concentration distribution of hydrogen generated by the thermal dissociation of the OH base force at and.
- FIG. 1 shows that comparing the optical fiber preform with the bare optical fiber, there is no significant change in the OH group concentration distribution at the relative position of the respective central forces. In other words, although the OH groups are diffused by the drawing of the bare optical fiber, its influence on the transmission loss is small.
- the thermal dissociation rate K (wt%) of OH-based hydrogen in an equilibrium state at a certain temperature T (K) increases as the temperature of the bare optical fiber during drawing increases. Furthermore, the temperature of the bare optical fiber during drawing is determined by the temperature distribution in the spinning furnace, the type of inert gas flowing in the spinning furnace, the cooling method of the bare optical fiber in the annealing furnace and the cooling cylinder, and the optical fiber bare fiber. It changes depending on the drawing conditions such as the drawing speed of the line.
- the thermal dissociation rate K (wt%) of hydrogen from the OH group varies depending on the drawing conditions
- the cumulative thermal dissociation rate of hydrogen from the OH group from the start to the end of the drawing of the bare optical fiber (hereinafter referred to as , "Thermal dissociation coefficient of hydrogen") also varies depending on the drawing conditions.
- the thermal divergence coefficient of hydrogen refers to the value obtained by forming a coating layer on the outer periphery of the bare optical fiber through a wire drawing step of the bare optical fiber after heating the optical fiber preform. Means the thermal dissociation rate of hydrogen accumulated until the temperature of the optical fiber reaches room temperature.
- the thermal divergence rate of hydrogen has a temperature dependence, and increases as the temperature increases.
- the thermal divergence rate of hydrogen has a very large temperature dependence, the time required for the molten portion of the optical fiber base material to reach a temperature of 1800 ° C or higher (the area shaded in Fig. 3). ) Can be approximated to the dissociation rate of hydrogen dissociated.
- a Fourier-type infrared spectrometer (microscopic FTIR device) was used to detect the OH group remaining in the optical fiber preform from the absorption peak due to the stretching vibration of the OH group. Is calculated.
- the optical fiber preform is drawn under predetermined drawing conditions to produce an optical fiber.
- the loss wavelength characteristic of the optical fiber is measured by a cutback method.
- the loss wavelength characteristics for example, the loss wavelength characteristics of the optical fiber as shown in FIG. 4 (solid line shown in FIG. 4) are obtained.
- the loss wavelength characteristics of the optical fiber shown in Fig. 4 are calculated. Hydrogen generated by thermal dissociation of the OH base force due to the difference between the loss of the optical fiber at wavelength 1383 nm and the loss of the optical fiber due to Rayleigh scattering.OH generated by diffusion and bonding with NBOHC. It corresponds to absorption loss due to the group.
- the concentration distribution of OH groups remaining in the optical fiber preform is multiplied by the thermal divergence coefficient of hydrogen to obtain the concentration distribution of hydrogen in the optical fiber preform (for example, generated by the thermal divergence shown in Fig. 2). Hydrogen concentration distribution).
- the concentration distribution of hydrogen after diffusion into the bare optical fiber by drawing the optical fiber preform (for example, the concentration distribution of hydrogen generated after diffusion shown in Figure 2) Is calculated in consideration of the outer diameter change and the temperature change of the bare optical fiber being drawn.
- the position vector is!:
- the concentration distribution of OH groups in the cladding layer of the optical fiber preform before drawing is u (r, 0), and the Green function of the diffusion equation is G (r, r ', t).
- the concentration distribution u (r, t) of the OH group after the time t is represented by the following equation (1).
- Fig. 5 the broken line shows the concentration distribution of hydrogen generated by thermal divergence from the OH groups remaining in the optical fiber preform, and the solid line shows that hydrogen diffused into the bare optical fibers is combined with NBOHC to form OH groups.
- the region (shaded area A in FIG. 5) surrounded by the solid line, the alternate long and short dash line, the vertical axis and the horizontal axis is the region that affects the loss in the 1380 nm wavelength band.
- V represents the linear velocity
- z represents the position in the drawing direction
- S represents the fiber cross-sectional area
- the viscosity is calculated from the glass deformation shape (neck-down shape) and the drawing tension of the heated and melted portion of the optical fiber preform, and the temperature is calculated from the neck-down shape by converting the viscosity to temperature. can do.
- the spinning elapsed time dt of the neck down outer diameter force can be calculated by the following equation (5).
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing an apparatus for manufacturing an optical fiber used in the present invention.
- reference numeral 1 denotes a spinning furnace.
- an optical fiber preform 2 is axially movably mounted inside the spinning furnace 1, and a lower end of the optical fiber preform 2 is drawn.
- an optical fiber preform 2 mainly composed of quartz glass is housed in a spinning furnace 1, and is placed in an inert gas atmosphere such as argon or helium. Then, the tip is heated to about 2000 ° C at a high temperature and drawn to obtain a bare optical fiber 3 having an outer diameter of 125 / zm. At this time, a heater length and a heat insulating material used in the spinning furnace 1 are appropriately selected, and T (min) under the drawing conditions is adjusted to a desired time.
- the bare optical fiber 3 is sent to a slow cooling mechanism such as an annealing furnace 4 to change the cooling speed of the bare optical fiber 3 to gradually cool the bare optical fiber 3.
- a slow cooling mechanism such as an annealing furnace 4 to change the cooling speed of the bare optical fiber 3 to gradually cool the bare optical fiber 3.
- the bare optical fiber 3 coming out of the annealing furnace 4 is cooled to a temperature suitable for forming a coating layer in the next step by adjusting a cooling rate.
- a cooling rate In this cooling process, natural cooling is performed by the atmosphere around the bare optical fiber, or a cooling gas such as helium or nitrogen gas is supplied using the cooling cylinder 5 to forcibly cool.
- the bare optical fiber 3 cooled by the cooling is turned into an ultraviolet curable resin or the like by the resin coating device 6 and the UV lamp 7 for the purpose of protecting the bare optical fiber 3. It is covered with a coating layer consisting of a secondary coating layer and a secondary coating layer, and becomes an optical fiber 8 with an outer diameter of 250 m.
- optical fiber 8 is turned in another direction by a turn pulley 9, and is wound on a winding drum 12 via a take-up machine 10 and a dancer roll 11.
- the method for providing the coating layer on the bare optical fiber 3 is performed by using a resin for forming the primary coating layer and a resin for forming the secondary coating layer. After applying by one resin application device 6, these resins are cured by one UV lamp 7, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the resin for forming the primary coating layer and the resin for forming the secondary coating layer are applied by two different resin coating devices. Then, a method of curing these resins by one UV lamp, a resin for forming a primary coating layer is applied by a first resin application device, and then the resin is cured by a first UV lamp.
- a method of applying a resin for forming a secondary coating layer with a second resin coating device and curing the resin with a second UV lamp can also be used.
- the method for manufacturing an optical fiber strand of the present invention is a method for lowering the thermal dissociation coefficient of OH-based hydrogen in the cladding layer of the bare optical fiber 3 during drawing to reduce diffusion.
- the temperature history when drawing the lower end of the optical fiber preform 2 (hereinafter also referred to as a “melted portion”) in the spinning furnace 1 to obtain the bare optical fiber 3 is as follows.
- T (min) is the time during which the temperature of the heat-melted part of the fiber reaches 1800 ° C or more
- X (wtppm) is the concentration of OH groups in the cladding layer at the lower end of the optical fiber preform 2. It is desirable to satisfy the relational expression of 0.01X + 12.
- the spinning linear speed (drawing speed) is increased, or the optical fiber preform 2 is melted in the spinning furnace 1. Set the area to be short.
- the thermal divergence coefficient is X (wtppm) in the cladding layer at the lower end of the optical fiber preform 2, and Y is the thermal divergence coefficient of hydrogen from the OH group.
- (wt%) it is desirable to satisfy the Y ⁇ - 8 X 10- 5 X + 0 . 06 relational expression.
- the spinning furnace 1 As an element for transferring heat to the lower end portion of the optical fiber preform 2, the spinning furnace 1 is provided with a radiant heat transfer heater. Convection heat transfer from an inert gas flowing therethrough, and conduction heat transfer to heat the optical fiber preform 2 may be mentioned. At a high temperature of about 1800 ° C, the influence of convective heat transfer by the inert gas increases as the force temperature at which the effect of radiant heat transfer is dominant decreases. Therefore, in the method for producing an optical fiber according to the present invention, it is desirable to quickly remove the heat applied to the optical fiber preform 2 by the radiant heat transfer by the heater to lower the temperature. Therefore, it is desirable to use an inert gas having a high convective heat transfer coefficient, especially for an helical gas having a high convective heat transfer coefficient. It is desirable to use a memory (He).
- He memory
- the bare optical fiber 3 drawn out of the spinning furnace 1 is sequentially sent to the annealing furnace 4 and the cooling cylinder 5 to be cooled.
- the purpose of cooling the bare optical fiber 3 is to suppress the diffusion of hydrogen generated by thermal divergence from the OH group, and the temperature of the bare optical fiber 3 during drawing becomes less than 1800 ° C, and the force is also increased.
- the cooling rate of the bare optical fiber 3 during drawing is preferably 6000 ° CZsec or more, and practically 8000 ° CZsec—10000 It is desirable to be about ° CZsec.
- the cooling rate of the bare optical fiber 3 during drawing is set to less than 6000 ° CZsec, the diffusion of hydrogen generated due to thermal divergence from OH groups increases, and as a result, the obtained optical fiber 10 Absorption loss due to OH groups increases.
- the force also depends on the cooling rate of the bare optical fiber 3 during drawing, and the cooling rate of air. It is preferable to make it faster. Specifically, it is preferable to set the cooling rate of the bare optical fiber 3 during drawing to about 6000 ° C Zsec to 30000 ° CZsec. If the cooling rate of the bare optical fiber during drawing is higher than the cooling rate by air, diffusion of hydrogen generated by heat dissociation from OH groups is suppressed, and as a result, the obtained optical fiber The absorption loss due to OH groups is small.
- helium having a high convective heat transfer coefficient is used as a cooling gas in the cooling cylinder 5.
- the spinning speed increases, the time at which the lower end of the optical fiber preform 2 receives the temperature history in the spinning furnace 1 decreases, but the temperature of the optical fiber preform 2 in the spinning furnace 1 described above increases.
- the spinning line speed is not limited.
- the spinning speed is 600mZmin-Set appropriately within the range of 2500mZmin.
- a stable coating material can be applied to an appropriately cooled bare optical fiber. Subsequently, by curing the coating material, a desired optical fiber can be obtained. By performing this series of processing steps, as a result, an optical fiber with low loss in the 1380 nm wavelength band can be obtained.
- the optical fiber 10 manufactured by such a method for manufacturing an optical fiber is manufactured by suppressing diffusion of hydrogen generated due to thermal divergence from the OH group. As a result, the OH group results in an optical fiber with low absorption loss.
- An optical fiber preform with an OH group concentration of about 100 wtppm in the cladding layer was prepared.
- the optical fiber preform is slowly cooled by an annealing furnace before the spinning wire speed is 1500 mZmin, the atmosphere gas in the lower part of the spinning furnace is helium, and the bare optical fiber that has come out of the spinning furnace is sent to the cooling cylinder. Instead, the wire was drawn so that the time during which the melting temperature of the optical fiber preform reached 1800 ° C or more was 5 minutes. After that, a primary coating layer and a secondary coating layer made of urethane acrylate-based UV-curable resin were sequentially provided on the bare optical fiber to produce an optical fiber.
- An optical fiber preform having an OH group concentration in the cladding layer of about 300 wtppm was prepared.
- the optical fiber preform was spun at 1200 mZmin, the atmospheric gas at the bottom of the spinning furnace was argon, and the slow cooling furnace was not used before the bare optical fiber outside the spinning furnace was sent to the cooling cylinder.
- the wire was drawn so that the time during which the melting temperature of the optical fiber preform reached 1800 ° C or more was 8 min. Then, urethane atearliest to bare optical fiber
- An optical fiber was prepared by sequentially providing a primary coating layer and a secondary coating layer made of a coating type ultraviolet curable resin.
- An optical fiber preform having an OH group concentration of about 500 wtppm in the cladding layer was prepared.
- the optical fiber preform was gradually cooled by a lehr at a spinning line speed of 2000 mZmin, the atmosphere gas at the lower part of the spinning furnace was helium, and the bare optical fiber outside the spinning furnace was sent to the cooling cylinder. Drawing was performed so that the time during which the melting temperature of the optical fiber preform reached 1800 ° C or more was 5 min. After that, a primary coating layer and a secondary coating layer composed of urethane acrylate-based UV-curable resin were sequentially provided on the bare optical fiber to produce an optical fiber.
- optical fiber preform with an OH group concentration in the cladding layer of about Owtppm was prepared.
- the optical fiber preform was slowly cooled by a slow cooling furnace before the spinning wire speed was 600 mZmin, the atmosphere gas in the lower part of the spinning furnace was argon, and the bare optical fiber outside the spinning furnace was sent to the cooling cylinder. Drawing was performed so that the time during which the melting temperature of the fiber preform reached 1800 ° C or higher was 15 min. Thereafter, a primary coating layer and a secondary coating layer made of urethane acrylate-based UV-curable resin were sequentially provided on the bare optical fiber to produce an optical fiber.
- optical fiber preform with an OH group concentration of about 100 wtppm in the cladding layer was prepared.
- This optical fiber preform was spun at a spinning speed of 1500 mZmin, the atmosphere gas at the lower part of the spinning furnace was helium, and the bare optical fiber outside the spinning furnace was sent to the cooling furnace before being sent to the cooling cylinder.
- the optical fiber was pre-cooled and drawn so that the time during which the melting temperature of the optical fiber preform reached 1800 ° C or more was 5 min. After that, a primary coating layer and a secondary coating layer composed of urethane acrylate-based UV-curable resin were sequentially provided on the bare optical fiber to produce an optical fiber.
- optical fiber preform with an OH group concentration of about 100 wtppm in the cladding layer was prepared.
- the optical fiber preform was slowly cooled by a slow cooling furnace before the spinning wire speed was 600 mZmin, the atmosphere gas in the lower part of the spinning furnace was argon, and the bare optical fiber outside the spinning furnace was sent to the cooling cylinder. Drawing was performed so that the time during which the melting temperature of the fiber preform reached 1800 ° C or more was 15 min. Thereafter, a primary coating layer and a secondary coating layer made of urethane acrylate-based UV-curable resin were sequentially provided on the bare optical fiber to produce an optical fiber.
- An optical fiber preform having an OH group concentration in the cladding layer of about 300 wtppm was prepared.
- the optical fiber preform was spun at a spinning speed of 800 mZmin, the atmospheric gas at the bottom of the spinning furnace was argon, and the slow cooling furnace was not used before the bare optical fiber outside the spinning furnace was sent to the cooling cylinder.
- the wire was drawn so that the time during which the melting temperature of the optical fiber preform reached 1800 ° C or more was 10 min. Thereafter, a primary coating layer and a secondary coating layer made of a urethane acrylate-based UV-curable resin were sequentially provided on the bare optical fiber to produce an optical fiber.
- An optical fiber preform having an OH group concentration of about 500 wtppm in the cladding layer was prepared. This The spinning fiber speed was 1200 mZmin, the atmospheric gas at the bottom of the spinning furnace was helium, and the bare optical fiber outside the spinning furnace was not gradually cooled by the annealing furnace before being sent to the cooling cylinder. The wire was drawn so that the time during which the melting temperature of the optical fiber preform reached 1800 ° C or more was 8 minutes. After that, a primary coating layer and a secondary coating layer made of urethane acrylate-based UV-curable resin were sequentially provided on the bare optical fiber to produce an optical fiber.
- An optical fiber preform with an OH group concentration of about 700 wtppm in the cladding layer was prepared.
- the optical fiber preform was gradually cooled by a slow cooling furnace before the spinning wire speed was 1000 mZmin, the atmosphere gas in the lower part of the spinning furnace was helium, and the bare optical fiber outside the spinning furnace was sent to the cooling cylinder. Drawing was performed so that the time during which the melting temperature of the optical fiber preform reached a temperature of 1800 ° C or more was 10 min. Thereafter, a primary coating layer and a secondary coating layer composed of a urethane acrylate-based UV-curable resin were sequentially provided on the bare optical fiber to produce an optical fiber.
- the thermal dissociation coefficient Y (wt%) of hydrogen from the OH group in the cladding layer of the bare optical fiber being drawn also satisfies the relational expression Y ⁇ -8 X 10 " 5 X + 0.06. It was a component that the loss at a wavelength of 1383 nm could be reduced to 0.31 dBZkm or less.
- Comparative Example 1 Comparing Example 1 with Comparative Example 1, in Example 1, the bare optical fiber coming out of the spinning furnace was not gradually cooled, and in Comparative Example 1, the light coming out of the spinning furnace was not cooled. The difference is that the bare fiber is gradually cooled. Comparative Example 1 satisfies the same relational expression as in Example 1 to Example 4, and it was confirmed that the loss at a wavelength of 1383 nm could be 0.3 ldBZkm or less. However, it was confirmed that in Example 1 in which the bare optical fiber was not gradually cooled, a lower-loss optical fiber was obtained. From this, it was found that the loss at a wavelength of 1383 nm can be adjusted by appropriately selecting a desired cooling condition depending on the residual OH group concentration.
- Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 5 does not satisfy the same relational expression as in Example 1 to Example 4, the loss at a wavelength of 1383 nm exceeds 0.31 dBZkm, and a reduction in loss has not been achieved. This was confirmed.
- the method for producing an optical fiber of the present invention includes a gas phase method (VAD method), an external method (OVD method), an internal method (CVD method, MCVD method, and PCVD method) or a rod-in-tube method. It can be applied to optical fiber preforms manufactured by any method such as the method. Further, the method for producing an optical fiber of the present invention can be applied to any type of optical fiber such as a single mode fiber, a dispersion shift fiber, a cutoff shift fiber, and a dispersion compensation fiber.
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN2004800336591A CN1882513B (zh) | 2003-11-18 | 2004-11-17 | 光纤裸线的拉丝方法、光纤线的制造方法和光纤线 |
JP2005515621A JPWO2005049516A1 (ja) | 2003-11-18 | 2004-11-17 | 光ファイバ裸線の線引方法、光ファイバ素線の製造方法、光ファイバ素線 |
EP04818917A EP1728769A4 (en) | 2003-11-18 | 2004-11-17 | METHOD FOR STRETCHING OPTICAL FIBER FIBER, PROCESS FOR PRODUCING OPTICAL FIBER STRAND AND STRAND PRODUCED THEREBY |
US11/433,576 US7658086B2 (en) | 2003-11-18 | 2006-05-15 | Drawing method for bare optical fiber with suppressed hydrogen diffusion |
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JP2003387746 | 2003-11-18 | ||
JP2003-387746 | 2003-11-18 | ||
JP2004279452 | 2004-09-27 | ||
JP2004-279452 | 2004-09-27 |
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US11/433,576 Continuation US7658086B2 (en) | 2003-11-18 | 2006-05-15 | Drawing method for bare optical fiber with suppressed hydrogen diffusion |
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WO2005049516A1 true WO2005049516A1 (ja) | 2005-06-02 |
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PCT/JP2004/017066 WO2005049516A1 (ja) | 2003-11-18 | 2004-11-17 | 光ファイバ裸線の線引方法、光ファイバ素線の製造方法、光ファイバ素線 |
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US (1) | US7658086B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1728769A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2005049516A1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1882513B (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2335465C2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005049516A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
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JP2017532556A (ja) * | 2014-10-14 | 2017-11-02 | ヘレーウス テネーヴォ エルエルシーHeraeus Tenevo Llc | その粘度に基づく母材または管引抜のための機器及び方法 |
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JP5250630B2 (ja) * | 2008-12-19 | 2013-07-31 | 株式会社フジクラ | 光ファイバ母材の製造方法 |
WO2010119696A1 (ja) | 2009-04-16 | 2010-10-21 | 株式会社フジクラ | 光ファイバ素線の製造方法 |
JP5949016B2 (ja) * | 2011-06-15 | 2016-07-06 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 光ファイバ製造方法 |
JP5372082B2 (ja) * | 2011-08-12 | 2013-12-18 | 株式会社フジクラ | 光ファイバ素線の製造方法および製造装置 |
US10479720B2 (en) | 2013-08-08 | 2019-11-19 | Corning Incorporated | Methods of making optical fiber with reduced hydrogen sensitivity that include fiber redirection |
CN104556675B (zh) * | 2013-10-15 | 2017-11-21 | 南京华信藤仓光通信有限公司 | 单模光纤的制造方法 |
US10322963B2 (en) | 2014-12-02 | 2019-06-18 | Corning Incorporated | Low attenuation optical fiber |
GB201700936D0 (en) | 2017-01-19 | 2017-03-08 | Univ Bath | Optical fibre apparatus and method |
US11237323B2 (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2022-02-01 | Corning Incorporated | Methods and systems for controlling air flow through an annealing furnace during optical fiber production |
JP6457579B2 (ja) * | 2017-04-10 | 2019-01-23 | 株式会社フジクラ | 光ファイバの製造方法 |
NL2020854B1 (en) | 2018-03-22 | 2019-10-02 | Corning Inc | Method and apparatus for suppressing flow instabilities in an optical fiber draw system |
WO2021150367A1 (en) | 2020-01-24 | 2021-07-29 | Corning Incorporated | Optical fiber draw furnace system and method |
AU2022210766B2 (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2025-01-30 | Macleon, LLC | Optical fiber cable and system and method of distributing ultra high power using the same |
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JP2017532556A (ja) * | 2014-10-14 | 2017-11-02 | ヘレーウス テネーヴォ エルエルシーHeraeus Tenevo Llc | その粘度に基づく母材または管引抜のための機器及び方法 |
US11454580B2 (en) | 2014-10-14 | 2022-09-27 | Heraeus Quartz North America Llc | Method for preform or tube drawing based on its viscosity |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1728769A4 (en) | 2007-03-07 |
JPWO2005049516A1 (ja) | 2007-06-07 |
US7658086B2 (en) | 2010-02-09 |
RU2335465C2 (ru) | 2008-10-10 |
CN1882513A (zh) | 2006-12-20 |
RU2006121128A (ru) | 2007-12-27 |
EP1728769A1 (en) | 2006-12-06 |
CN1882513B (zh) | 2010-11-03 |
US20060204193A1 (en) | 2006-09-14 |
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